1Research Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Government Engineering. College, Devagiri, HAVERI 581 110. Karnataka State, India.
Vinayak Vijapur1 , K. B. Prakash2
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056
EFFECT OF ACIDIC ATTACK ON THE BEHAVIOR OF STEEL FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE PRODUCED WITH SELF CURING TECHNIQUES
Self curingconcreteisoneofthespecialconcretes gettingveryshrinkagecuringconcrete.essentialsuchinaccessiblethereinpaucitydesertinmitigatinginsufficientcuringduetohumannegligence,inregionswherescarcityofwaterisamajorproblem,ofwaterinaridareas,incaseofhighrisebuildings,remoteplaces.Also,therearesomecircumstanceswhereisascaricityofwater,orthestructuremaybeornonavailabilityoflabourorinsomeothersituationswherecuringisnotpossible,itbecomestogoforanalternativesolutionforcuringofThisthoughtgaverisetoaconceptcalledselfofconcrete.Further,thesebenefitsincludereducedautogenous[6]andalowerpropensityforearlyagecracking.Theuseofselfcuringtechniqueorinternalcuringisimportantfromthepointviewthatwaterresourcesarevaluableeveryday.
Abstract: Concrete curing is one of the most important processes in achieving the desired properties of the concrete. Curing plays a major role in developing the concrete microstructure and pore structure. Prevention of loss of moisture is important not only for strength development but also to prevent plastic shrinkage, for decreased permeability andtoimproveresistancetoabrasion. Thisstudyinvestigates behavior of steel fiber reinforced concrete produced with different self curing techniques when subjected to acidic attack. The behaviour is studied by immersing the specimens for a period of 90 days in H2SO4 solution of pH 2.0 concentration. The strength parameters namely compressive strength, and split tensile strength are determined using SAP and pumice aggregate.
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Key words: Self Curing Concrete, water retention, hydration, absorption, light weight aggregates, permeable shrinkagepores,internalcuring,superabsorbingpolymers,autogenous,etc.
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Fine aggregate: Natural river sand is used in this experimentationprogrammewithspecificgravity2.63 andconfirmingtozoneIIofIS:383 1970.
Water: PotablewaterfitfordrinkingwithapH7isused.
Superabsorbent Polymer: Sodium salt of polyacrylic chemicalcompoundisusedassuperabsorbentpolymerwhichhasformula;[CH2CH(COONa)] n [Figure2.]
Pumice stone aggregate:Pumicestoneaggregateindry densityaggregatestate[Fig.3]andwetstate[Fig.4]whichisalightweighthavingspecificgravitylessthanonewith0.25g/cm 3 is used as partial replacement of coarseaggregate.
Fig.1:Steelfibers
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Cement: Ordinary Portland cement [OPC] 53 grade is used throughout the experimental programme. The specific gravity is found to be 3.15 and cement is conformingtoIS:8112 1989.
Steel fibres: Flatcrimpedsteelfibreswithaspectratio 35, density 7850 kg/m3 and ultimate tensile strength 1395MPaareused. [Figure1.]
1.1 Introduction.
2Dr. K. B. Prakash, Principal, Govt. Engg. College, Devagiri, HAVERI 581 110. Karnataka State, India. ***
1.2 Materials used.
Coarse aggregate: Locally available angular crushed toaggregateshavingsize20mmandlessersizeconformingIS:3831970withspecificgravity2.72isused.
Fig.2:SAP
p ISSN: 2395 0072 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 ISO 9001:2008
Percentage increase or decrease of compressive strengthw.r.t.referencemix. 0[Ref.] 27.11 0.1 27.85 +2.73 0.2 28.44 +4.91 0.3 28.74 +6.01 0.4 27.70 +2.18
Sulphuric acid: Sulphuric acid(H2SO4)solution of pH 2.0 concentration is used for the experimentation to studytheeffectofacidicattack.
Fig.3:DryPumice Fig.4:WetPumice
The concentration of solution is monitored at regular intervals to keep the pH value constant. After 90 days of immersion in acidic media the specimens are removed out of tank, washed and weighed to assess the percentagelossinweight.Thenthesespecimensaretested fortheirrespectivestrengthparameters.
Fig. 7: Variation of compressive strength of concrete with SAP subjected to acidic attack.
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056
1.4 Test Results:
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ThemixproportionforM30gradeconcreteasper mix design is found to be 1:1.55:2.74 with w/c ratio 0.45. Required quantity of cement, fine aggregates, coarse aggregatesaredrymixed.Thentheknownquantityofsteel fibers[2%byvolumefraction]areaddedtothedrymixand onceagainmixedindrycondition.Beforeaddingwaterto the mix, Superabsorbent polymer having percentages0%, used10%,usedpartiallyrequirementcomputedqsets0.1%,0.2%,0.3%and0.4%byweightofcementfordifferentisaddedtocementindrycondition.TheadditionaluantityofwaterneededfordifferentpercentagesofSAPisandisaddedduringmixingalongwiththewaterasperwatercementratio.Inanothercase,thenaturalcoarseaggregateisreplacedbyPumicestoneaggregateswhichareasselfcuringagentshavingpercentagessuchas0%,20%,30%,40%and50%.Pumicestoneaggregatesareinconcretewithsoaking[wetstate]inwaterand
1.3 Experimental procedure
1.4.1 Compressive strength test results: Table1,2and3givethecompressivestrengthtests results of steel fiber reinforced concrete with SAP and pumiceaggregateswhensubjectedtoacidicattack.Figure7 and8showthevariationofcompressivestrength.
additionPercentage polymersuperabsorbentof strengthcompressiveAverage(N/mm 2)
withoutsoaking[drystate].Thespecimens’casteusingdry pumice stone aggregates [without soaking in water] are curedinwater;whereassaturatedpumicestoneaggregates Hordurabilityundercuringtransferredbags.Aftervibrator.oiled.threesaidaperiod[withsoakinginwater]specimensareaircuredforanormalof28days.Pumicestoneaggregatesaresaturatedforperiodof60to90minutesbeforeaddingtothemix.Requiredquantityofwaterisaddedtotheabovecasesofdrymix.ThisfreshgreenconcreteisplacedindifferentlayersinthemouldswhicharethoroughlyThemouldsarevibratedbykeepingthemontableHandcompactionisalsoadoptedsimultaneously.compactionthespecimensarecoveredbywetgunnyThespecimensaredemouldedafter15±0.5hoursandtocuringprocesseitherinwatercuringorairasthecasemaybe.Theperiodofcuringis28daysnormaltemperatureforstrengthproperties.Forcharacteristics,after28dayscuring[watercuringaircuringasthecasemaybe]thespecimensareshiftedto
p
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2SO4acidicsolutionofpH2.0concentrationforaperiodof 90days.
Fig.5:Linediagramofcube. Fig.6:Testingofcube.
Table 1: Compressive strength test results of concrete with SAP subjected to acidic attack.
replacementPartial of aggregatescoarse by aggregatespumice(%) strengthcompressiveAverage(N/mm 2)
Fig. 11: Variation of split tensile strength of concrete with SAP subjected to acidic attack.
Table 2: Compressive strength test results of concrete with wet pumice aggregates subjected to acidic attack. [with soaking]
Percentage increase or decrease of compressive strength w.r.t. reference mix.
Table 3: Compressive strength test results of concrete with dry pumice aggregates subjected to acidic attack. [without soaking]
Table 4: Split tensile strength test results of concrete with SAP subjected to acidic attack.
replacementPartial of aggcoarseregates by aggregatespumice(%) strengthcompressiveAverage(N/mm 2)
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0[Ref.] 27.11 10 27.85 +2.73 20 28.30 +4.39 30 28.44 +4.91 40 28.30 +4.39 50 26.37 2.73
additionPercentage polymersuperabsorbentof (N/mmstsplitAveragetensilerength 2)
Fig. 8: Variation of compressive strength of concrete with pumice aggregates subjected to acidic attack.
1.4.2 Split tensile strength test results: Table4,5and6givethesplittensilestrengthtestsresultsof steel fiber reinforced concrete with SAP and pumice showaggregateswhensubjectedtoacidicattack.Figure11and12thevariationofcompressivestrength.Fig.9:Linediagramofcylinder.Fig.10:Testingofcylinder.
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0[Ref.] 27.11 10 28.15 +3.83 20 28.74 +6.01 30 29.04 +7.12 40 28.44 +4.91 50 26.96 0.55
0[Ref.] 2.69 0.1 2.74 +1.86 0.2 2.93 +8.92 0.3 2.97 +10.41 0.4 2.67 1.86
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056
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Volume: 09 Issue: 03 | Mar 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 IRJET Factor value: 7.529 9001:2008
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Percentage increase or decrease of compressive strength w.r.t. reference mix.
Percentage increase or decrease of split tensile strength w.r.t. reference mix.
Based on the experimentations conducted, following observationsaremade.
1. The compressive strength of steel fiber reinforced concrete with superabsorbent polymer subjected to comparedwhenincreasestrengthaddition0.3%compressiveofacidicattackshowsanincreasingtrendasthepercentagesuperabsorbentpolymerinitincreasesupto0.3%.Astrengthof28.74MPaisobtainedwhensuperabsorbentpolymerisused.After0.3%ofsuperabsorbentpolymer,compressiveshowsadecreasingtrend.Thepercentageinthecompressivestrengthisfoundtobe6.01%0.3%ofsuperabsorbentpolymerisaddedastoreferenceconcrete.
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0[Ref.] 2.69 10 2.73 +1.49 20 2.83 +5.20 30 2.95 +9.67 40 2.90 +7.81 50 2.59 3.72
Table 6: Split tensile strength test results of concrete with dry pumice aggregates subjected to acidic attack. [without soaking]
Volume: 09 Issue: 03 | Mar 2022 www.irjet.net ISSN: 2395 0072 2022, IRJET Impact Factor value: 7.529 9001:2008
Table 5: Split tensile strength test results of concrete with wet pumice aggregates subjected to acidic attack. [with soaking]
replacementPartial of aggregatescoarse by aggregatespumice(%)
replacementPartial of aggregatescoarse by aggregatespumice(%)
p
Average split strengttensileh(N/mm2)
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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056
Average split strengthtensile(N/mm2)
0 2.69 10 2.85 +5.95 20 2.95 +9.67 30 3.04 +13.01 40 2.92 +8.55 50 2.62 2.60
Fig. 12: Variation of split tensile strength of concrete with pumice aggregates subjected to acidic attack.
1.5. Observations and discussions.
2. Compressivestrengthofsteelfibrereinforcedconcrete produced by replacing coarse aggregates by soaked pumice aggregates subjected to acidic attack goes on increasing up to 30% replacement. There after the aggregates.coarse4.91%increasereplaced28.44compressivestrengthdecreases.AcompressivestrengthMPaisobtainedwhen30%coarseaggregatesarebysoakedpumiceaggregates.Thepercentageinthecompressivestrengthisfoundtobeascomparedtoreferenceconcretewhen30%aggregatesarereplacedbysoakedpumice
3. Compressivestrengthofsteelfibrereinforcedconcrete producedbyreplacingcoarseaggregatesbyunsoaked pumice aggregates subjected to acidic attack goes on increasing up to 30% percentage replacement. Thereafter, compressive strength decreases. A compressive strength of 29.04 MPa is obtained when 30% coarse aggregates are replaced by unsoaked pumice aggregates. The percentage increase in the replacedtocompressivestrengthisfoundtobe7.12%ascomparedreferenceconcretewhen30%coarseaggregatesarebyunsoakedpumiceaggregates.
4. It is observed that the compressive strength of steel curing.istoofaggregates.comparedaggregatesfibrereinforcedconcreteproducedbyunsoakedpumicesubjectedtoacidicattackismoreastothatproducedbysoakedpumiceThisistrueforallpercentagereplacementscoarseaggregatesbypumiceaggregates.Thisisduethefactthatthesteelfibrereinforcedconcretewhichcuredinwatergetsallrecommendedambiancefor
5. It is observed that the tensile strength of steel fiber reinforced concrete with superabsorbent polymer subjectedtoacidicattackshowsanincreasingtrendas the percentage of superabsorbent polymer in it increasesupto0.3%.Atensilestrengthof2.97MPais obtainedwhen0.3%superabsorbentpolymerisused. After0.3%additionofsuperabsorbentpolymer,tensile strength shows a decreasing trend. The percentage increasein the tensilestrengthisfoundto be10.41% when 0.3% of superabsorbent polymer is added as comparedtoreferenceconcrete.
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Percentage increase or decrease of split tensile strength w.r.t. reference mix.
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Percentage increase or decrease of split tensile strength w.r.t. reference mix.
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[3] Amal F.K.andJino J, “Experimental investigationon mechanical properties of self curing concrete”, InternationalJournalofEmergingTrendsinEngineering and Development (IJETED), ISSN 2249 6149, Vol. 2, Issue3, P641 647,March2013.
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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
Steel fibre reinforced concrete produced with 30% replacement of coarse aggregates by unsoaked pumice aggregates yield higher compressive strength when subjectedtoacidicattack.
8. It is observed that the tensile strength of steel fibre reinforced concrete produced by unsoked pumice aggregates subjected to acidic attack is more as compared to that produced by soaked pumice curing.curedthecoarseaggregates.Thisistrueforallpercentagereplacementofaggregatesbypumiceaggregates.Thisisduetofactthatthesteelfibrereinforcedconcretewhichisinwatergetsallrecommendedambiancefor
Tensilestrengthofsteel fiber reinforcedconcrete with superabsorbentpolymersubjectedtoacidicattackshow an increasing trend up to 0.3% addition of superabsorbent polymer. Beyond this percentage the tensilestrengthwillgetaffected.
Tensile strength of steel fibre reinforced concrete produced byunsoaked pumiceaggregatessubjected to acidic attack is more compared to that produced by soakedpumiceaggregates.
The authors also thank the Commissioner of collegiate andTechnicalEducationandDirectorofTechnicalEducation for their support. Thanks are also due to Dr. J. G. Kori, ProfessorandHoD,CivilEngineering,GEC,Haveriandother colleaguesfortheirmoralcourage.
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References.
[1] AarthiR.andVenkatakrishnaiahR. “Strengthbehaviour ofself curingflyashconcreteusingsteelfiber”,Internal Journal of Advanced Research in Civil, Structural, Environmental and Infrastructure Engineering and Developing, Vol. 2, Issue 1, 8th May, 2014, ISSN No. 2320 723X.
7. It is observed that the tensile strength of steel fibre reinforced concrete produced by replacing coarse pumice30%toTheaggregatesstrengthThereafter,acidicaggregatesbyunsoakedpumiceaggregatessubjectedtoattackgoesonincreasingupto30%replacement.tensilestrengthdecreases.Atensileof3.04MPaisobtainedwhen30%coarsearereplacedbyunsoakedpumiceaggregates.percentageincreaseinthetensilestrengthisfoundbe13.01%ascomparedtoreferenceconcretewhencoarseaggregatesarereplacedbyunsoakedaggregates.
Steel fibre reinforced concrete produced with 30% replacement of coarse aggregates by soaked pumice aggregates subjected to acidic attack will yield higher compressivestrength.
Compressivestrengthofsteelfiberreinforcedconcrete withsuperabsorbentpolymersubjectedtoacidicattack show an increasing trend up to 0.3% addition of superabsorbent polymer. Beyond this percentage the compressivestrengthwillgetaffected.
Compressivestrengthofsteelfibrereinforcedconcrete produced by unsoaked pumice aggregates is more as comparedtothatproducedbysoakedpumiceaggregates.
e ISSN: 2395 0056
1.6. Conclusions:
Steel fibre reinforced concrete produced with 30% replacement of coarse aggregates by soaked pumice aggregates subjected to acidic attack will yield higher tensilestrength
Acknowledgement.
6. It is observed that the tensile strength of steel fibre reinforced concrete produced by replacing coarse aggregates by soaked pumice aggregates subjected to aggregates.30%toTheaggregatesstrengthThereacidicattackgoesonincreasingupto30%replacement.afterthetensilestrengthdecreases.Atensileof2.95MPaisobtainedwhen30%coarsearereplacedbysoakedpumiceaggregates.percentageincreaseinthetensilestrengthisfoundbe9.67%ascomparedtoreferenceconcretewhencoarseaggregatesarereplacedbysoakedpumice
[2] Michael Golias, Javier Castro, Jason Weiss “The influenceoftheinitialmoisturecontentoflightweight aggregateoninternalcuring”ConstructionandBuilding Materials,Volume35,October2012,Pages52 62.
p ISSN: 2395 0072 2022, IRJET Impact Factor value: 7.529 9001:2008
Steel fibre reinforced concrete produced with 30% replacement of coarse aggregates by unsoaked pumice aggregates subjected to acidic attack will yield higher tensilestrength.
The authors are very much thankful to Hon’ble Vice Chancellor, Registrar, Registrar (Evaluation) and all other concerned authorities of Visvesvaraya Technological University,Belagaviforencouragingthework.
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[4] AnoopK.T.andSunillaGeorge, “Strengthbehaviorof nylon fiber concrete with self curing agent”, International Journal of Computer & Mathematical Sciences IJCMS,ISSN:2347 8527,Volume4,Issue5, May,2015.
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BIOGRAPHIES
Dr.K.B. GovernmentPrincipal,Prakash,EngineeringCollege, HAVERI 581110, KarnatakaState,India.
Volume: 09 Issue: 03 | Mar 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072
[6] DejianShen,XudongWang,DabaoCheng,JinyangZhang and Guoqing Jiang “Effect of internal curing with superabsorbentpolymersonautogenousshrinkageof concrete at early age”, Construction and Building Materials,Volume106,Issue1,PP.512 522,1stMarch, 2016.
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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056
Vinayak ResearchVijapurScholar,Asst Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Government Engineering College, HAVERI 581110, KarnatakaState,India.
[10] Semion Zhutovsky, Konstantin Kovler, Arnon Bentur “The effect of internal curing on durability related propertiesofhighperformanceconcrete”,Cementand PPConcreteComposites,Volume42,Issue1,January2012,2026.
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