1
2. METHODOLOGY
Decision:Proceedwiththeaction 3 Risk mediumis levelAcceptableofrisk prepared to be lost balanced against possiblegain
Ar.
Relevance: Table 1: Cause & Impact study as per risk factor No.Sr. When Cause Impact 1 Risk ishigh overrunsTime or delay complCommercialbenefitgoesdowninshoppingex
Riskassessment&timemanagementtools&techniques get impacted on benefits or loss of commercial shopping complex. Risk effects on time management & then time management gets affected on profit or gain of commercial shopping complex. So, qualitative risk assessment is very importantfactorinbuildingconstructionindustry.
Decision:Avoidtheactionorreducetherisk 2 Risk islow Time in control benefit goes up in Commercial shopping complex
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 02 | Feb 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page284
Key Words: Qualitative risk assessment; Tools & techniques;Projectmanagement;Timemanagement;Safety 1. INTRODUCTION
been recognized that project management is becoming increasinglycrucial.Ourstudywillfocusonthequalitative risk assessment with respect to impact of project time management tools & techniques on commercial shopping complexinKolhapurcity.Thispaperisintendedtoexplore the project time management practices used by public owners,contractors,builders&end usersandtoidentifythe major obstacles towards the efficient utilization of those Thispractices.studywilluseworkbreakdownstructures,barcharts, andlinkedbarcharts,thecriticalpathapproach,resource andandbreakdownchart,(PERT),technique.schedulelevelingandsmoothing,schedulecrashingandfasttracking,updating,andtheprogramevaluationandreviewProgramevaluationandreviewtechniqueactivityonarrow(AOA),activityonnode(AON),barorganizationalbreakdownstructure(OBS),workstructure(WBS),criticalpathmethod(CPM),resourcelevelingarejustafewofthemanagementtoolstechniquesthathavebeeninvestigated.
Case Studies on Impact of Qualitative Risk Assessment Using Project Management Tools and Techniques Hrushikesh A. Tarkasband1 , Prof. Ar. Sanjay D. Joshi2 M. Arch (Architectural and Construction Project Management), SPSMBH’s College of Architecture, Kolhapur 2SPSMBH's College of Architecture, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, INDIA *** - Study shows that there is lack of usage of risk assessment tools and techniques during construction project commercialduringmaterialsheigfound&minimizedconstructiontrainedwhenlow,managementriskstudiestechniquesstudystudiesprojectcostsmanagementandhenceaffectsonprojecttimemanagement,andlaborintensive.Alsoitincreasestherisksduringexecutionandhashazardsonhealthandsafety.Casehavebeenconductedoncommercialcomplexessototheuseofqualitativeriskassessmenttoolsandanditseffectonprojecttimemanagement.Thedescribetherisklevelsofnotadoptingthequalitativeassessmentfactorsimpactingonprojecttimeandcost.Therisklevelsarebeingclassifiedasmediumandhigh.Hazards&risksarecontrolledonsitequalitativeriskassessmentisonpractice.Allwelllaborsshouldalwaysbehealth&safetyonsite.Accidentsinconstructionsitewillbewhilequalitativeriskassessmentimproved.Qualityspeedoflaborworkimprovesinlowriskassessment.Itisthatmoreheightedbuildingcauseshighrisk&lesshtedbuildingcauseslessrisk.Alsolatestequipmentthataretools&techniquesshouldbearrangedconstructionwork.Sobeforeconstructionofshoppingcomplexfuturerisksshouldbefound. Risk assessment has become an important aspect of the construction industry's project management strategy. A qualitative risk assessment method is required for data managementlocalcontractingfailuresanddiscoveredcriticaloftechnologiesInriskrisks,teamsriskunderstandingofdeficientconstructionandthosewithinadequateknowledgeecologicalinteractions.Wherethereislittledataandabouttheconstructionsector,thequalitativeassessmentmethodcanhelpprojectmanagersandestablishsolidmanagementstrategies.Identifyinganalyzingandevaluatingtherisk,andcontrollingtheareallpartoftheriskassessmentprocess.theconstructionbusiness,projecttimemanagementandstrategiesplayanimportantrole.Theuseappropriateprojectmanagementtoolsandproceduresistothesuccessofprojectmanagement.Ithasbeenthatalackofawarenessandknowledgeoftoolsprocessescausesdelaysaswellasfinancialloss.Manyhavehappenedinasignificantnumberoforganizationsinthelastfewyears,accordingtopractices,makingitcriticaltoanalyzeexistingprojecttechniques.Intheconstructionbusiness,ithas
Abstract
Certified Journal | Page285
3. CASE STUDIES
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Four case studies of commercial shopping complex in Kolhapur city are analyzed. The concept of commercial shoppingcomplexis‘variousshopsinonebuildingblock’.So there are various shops & offices in commercial shopping shoppingmanagementriskonassessmentcustomerscomplex.Commercialshoppingcomplexesareimportantforneed.ItisimportanttostudyQualitativerisk&projecttimemanagementtools&techniquescommercialshoppingcomplex.SotheeffectofQualitativeassessmentwithrespecttoimpactofprojecttimetools&techniquesonsiteofoldcommercialcomplexisfound.
Casestudy1: BuiltData:uparea: Approx.4580Sq.m. Builtupfloors:Lowerlevelstiltparking/Upperlevelstilt parking(Lowergroundfloor)/Upperlevelgroundfloor/ Firstfloor/Secondfloor/Thirdfloor/Fourthfloor No.ofunits:116 No.oflift:4 Externalplaster:Complicated Externalpaint:Complicated Plumbingwork:Simple Basement:Yes(Depth 1.22m) Excavation:Yes(asperslopingplot) Electricalwork:Complicated Observations:Table2:Types
ofRiskfactorsHealthhazardasper Qualitativeriskassessment,Case1 Highrisk Unsafe excavation as per sloping Unsafeplot as per Basement depth is high Mediumrisk Moderateuseofmobilecrane Moderateusedmachinery Lowrisk Safeaspercorneraccess Safe as per fire fitting as easy Safeaccess.asperExternalplaster SafeasperExternalpaint Safeaspereasyplumbing
Casestudy2:
BuiltData:uparea:Approx.2695Sq.m.
ExternalExternalNo.No.floorBuiltBuiltData:CaseLowMediumHighObservations:ElectricalExcavation:Basement:PlumbingExternalExternalNo.No.//Builtupfloors:Basementparkingfloor/LowergroundfloorUppergroundfloor/Firstfloor/Secondfloor/ThirdfloorFourthfloorofunits:53oflift:2plaster:Notsocomplicatedpaint:Notsocomplicatedwork:SimpleYes(Depth4.26m)Yes(Deep)work:OldworksocomplicatedTable3:TypesofRiskfactorsHealthhazardasperQualitativeriskassessment,Case2riskUnsafeexcavationasperslopingplotUnsafeasperBasementdepthishighriskModerateuseofmobilecraneModerateusedmachineryriskSafeaspercorneraccessSafeasperfirefittingaseasyaccess.SafeasperExternalplasterSafeasperExternalpaintSafeaspereasyplumbingstudy3:uparea:Approx.1606Sq.m.upfloors:Basementparkingfloor/Groundfloor/Firstofunits:53oflift:1plaster:Onlytillfirstfloorheightedsoeasyworkpaint:Sheetsused.
• Case1&4aremoreheightedbuildingsascompare to other case studies. So it is difficult to external plaster&paint.
Mediumrisk Moderateuseofmobilecrane Moderateusedmachinery Lowrisk Safeaspercorneraccess SafeasperExternalplaster Safe as per sheets used accept Safepaintaspereasyplumbing Casestudy4: BuiltData:uparea:Approx.1510Sq.m.
Unsafespacefromallmargin Mediumrisk Moderateuseofmobilecrane Moderateusedmachinery Lowrisk Safeaspercorneraccess Safeaspereasyplumbing
Plumbingwork:Simple Basement:Yes(Depth 2.60m) Excavation:Yes(notsodeep) Electricalwork:Oldworksocomplicated
• Inanothertwocasestudies,Case2&3,itisfound studies.thatrisksarelowascomparedtoprevioustwocase
ofRiskfactorsHealthhazardasper Qualitativeriskassessment,Case3 Highrisk UnsafeasperBasementdepth
• building.afterInCase1uppertwofloors&oneliftareconstructed5yearssoitwashighriskconstructing
HighObservations:ElectricalExcavation:Basement:PlumbingExternalExternalNo.No.Fourth/Builtupfloors:Basementparkingfloor/LowergroundfloorGroundfloor/Firstfloor/Secondfloor/Thirdfloor/floor/Fifthfloorofunits:52oflift:2plaster:Complicatedpaint:Complicatedwork:SimpleYes(Depth4.32m)Yes(Deep)work:LatestequipmentusedTable5:TypesofRiskfactorsHealthhazardasperQualitativeriskassessment,Case4riskUnsafescaffoldsforExternalplasteringUnsafeworkingatheightExternalpaintUnsafeasperBasementdepth
Implications:
• Intwocasestudies,Case1&4,itisfoundthatrisks arehighascomparedtoCase2&3.
• Fromabovecasestudiesitisfoundthatinmedium risk same problems are found which were controlled.
Observations:Table4:Types
CommonobservationinCases1to4: Itisfoundthatthereisunawarenessandimproperuse of followingProjecttimemanagementtools&techniqueson sitebefore,during&afterconstructionwork. 1. Workbreakdownstructure 2. Barchart(Ganttchart) 3. Linkedbarchart 4. Criticalpathmethod 5. Resourceleveling&resourcesmoothing 6. Schedulecrashing&fasttracking 7. Scheduleupdating 8. ProgramEvaluation&Reviewtechnique(PERT)
• Floor height of Case 3 (three floor) is less as compared to another case studies so it is safe for sitepaint.externalworkforexampleexternalplaster,externalSolessbuildingheightremainslessriskforworker.
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 02 | Feb 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page286
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 02 | Feb 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page287 4. RESULTS & DISCUSSION 4.1DataAnalysisforQuestionnaire Type1 Table 6: Data Analysis No.Q. Que. Response NO whatSome YES lTota Hypothesistesting eSamplsize MeaneSampl eVariancSample (5%|Z|level ce)significanof powerofValuethe Result 1 Do you ?managementprojectConstructionknow No. sRespondenoft 1 18 21 40 40 2.5 0.3076 5.70 ‘P’< 10.0000 assignificantP<0.05 % 2.50 45.00 052.5 100 1.1 If Yes, do you practiceit? No. sRespondentof 24 15 39 % 461.5 638.4 100 Henceaccordingtotheuserrespondents,theyhavesignificantknowledgeofConstructionprojectmanagement 2 Do you know project ?managementtime No. sRespondentof 3 15 22 40 40 2.475 0.409 4.69 ‘P’< 10.0000 assignificantP<0.05 % 7.50 37.50 055.0 100 2.1 If Yes, do you practiceit? No. sRespondentof 28 9 37 % 875.6 224.3 100 Henceaccordingtotheuserrespondents,theyhavesignificantknowledgeofprojecttimemanagement 3 Do you know project techniques?toolsmanagementtime& No. sRespondentof 5 15 20 40 40 2.38 0.497 3.36 ‘P’ = 90.0003 assignificantP<0.05 % 012.5 37.50 050.0 100 3.1 If Yes, do you practiceit? No. sRespondentof 27 8 35 % 477.1 622.8 100 Henceaccordingtotheuserrespondents,theyhavesignificantknowledgeofprojecttimemanagementtools&techniques. 4 Which of the youtechniquestoolsmanagementtime&doknow? No. sRespondentof 5 9 26 40 % 012.5 22.50 065.0 100 5 If Yes, do you practiceit? No. sRespondentof NO YES lTota 22 18 40 % 55.0 45.0 100
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 02 | Feb 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page288 0 0 Henceaccordingtotheuserrespondents,theyhavesignificantknowledgeofConstructionprojectmanagement No.Q. Que. Response Up 25%to 50%25 75%50 100%75 Total Hypothesistesting 6 use?fortechniquestoolsfordopercentageWhichyoupreferabove&beneficial No. sRespondentof 4 5 6 3 18 % 22.20 27.78 33.33 16.67 100 No.Q. Que. Response NO whatSome YES lTota Hypothesistesting eSamplsize MeaneSampl VarianceSample (5%|Z| level ce)significanof powerofValuethe Result 7 Do you know improperthatuse of onsite?qualityongetstechniquestools&impactwork No. sRespondentof 5 15 20 40 2.375 0.496795 % 12.5 37.5 50 100 7.1 If Yes, I am taking &techniquestoolspracticepartlyon No. sRespondentof 28 9 37 % 875.6 224.3 100 8 risk? No. sRespondentof 7 15 18 40 2.275 0.563462 % 017.5 37.50 045.0 100 8.1 If Yes, I am taking &techniquestoolspracticepartlyon No. sRespondentof 24 9 33 % 372.7 727.2 100 9 overrun?time No. sRespondentof 7 15 18 40 2.325 0.430128 % 017.5 37.50 045.0 100 9.1 If Yes, I am taking &techniquestoolspracticepartlyon No. sRespondentof 19 17 36 % 852.7 247.2 100
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 02 | Feb 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page289 10 costoverrun? No. sRespondentof 4 19 17 40 2.375 0.394231 % 010.0 47.50 042.5 100 110. If Yes, I am taking &techniquestoolspracticepartlyon No. sRespondentof 20 17 37 % 554.0 545.9 100 4.2DataAnalysisforQuestionnaire Type2 No.Q. Que. Response NO whatSome YES lTota Hypothesistesting eSamplsize MeaneSampl eVariancSample (5%|Z|level ce)significanof powerofValuethe Result 11 Do you know hazard&risk site?constructionon No. sRespondentof 1 10 29 40 40 2.70 0.2667 8.57 ‘P’< 10.0000 assignificantP<0.05 % 2.50 25.00 072.5 100 111. If Yes, do you practiceit? No. sRespondentof 31 8 39 % 979.4 120.5 100 Henceaccordingtotheuserrespondents,theyhavesignificantknowledgeabouthazard&riskonconstructionsite. 12 Do you know hazard&risk gets affected on techniques?tools&managementtime No. sRespondentof 7 9 24 40 40 2.425 0.6096 3.44 ‘P’ = 10.0009 assignificantP<0.05 % 017.5 22.50 060.0 100 112. If Yes, do you practiceit? No. sRespondentof 25 8 33 % 675.7 424.2 100 13techniques.Hence,accordingtotheuserrespondents,theyhavesignificantknowledgeofhazard&riskgetsaffectedontimemanagementtools&Doyouknowwhatriskassessmentis?No.ofRespondents9161540402.150.59231.23 ‘P’ = 0.109 assignificantP>0.05 % 022.5 40.00 037.5 100 113. If Yes, do you practiceit? No. sRespondentof 24 7 31 % 277.4 822.5 100
%
Yes, do you practice
If Yes, do you practiceit? No.
116.
13
Hence,accordingtotheuserrespondents,theydonothavesignificantknowledgeaboutriskassessment. No.Q. Que. Response NO whatSome YES lTota Hypothesistesting eSamplsize MeaneSampl eVariancSample (5%|Z|level ce)significanof powerofValuethe Result 14 Do you know assessment?riskqualitativeabout No. sRespondentof 12 19 9 40 40 1.925 0.532 0.65 ‘P’ = 0.2578 assignificantP>0.05 % 030.0 47.50 022.5 100 114. If Yes, do you practiceit? No. sRespondentof 28 6 34 % 582.3 517.6 100 Hence,accordingtotheuserrespondents,theydonothavesignificantknowledgeaboutqualitativeriskassessment. 15 Do you know about health & safety of well assessment?riskqualitativeimportantlabortrainedarein No. sRespondentof 5 10 25 40 40 2.5 0.513 4.42 ‘P’ < 10.0000 assignificantP<0.05 % 012.5 25.00 062.5 100 115. sRespondentof 8 35 % 077.0 023.0 trainedlaborareimportant inqualitativeriskassessment. assessment?riskqualitativedependentworkqualitycomplex;shoppingcommercialofconstructioninofispartlyon sRespondentof 8 19 40 40 2.15 0.797 1.06 ‘P’ = 0.144 assignificantP>0.05 032.5 20.00 047.5 100 If it? No. sRespondentof 23 4 27 % 985.1 114.8 100 according to the user respondents, they do not have significant knowledge that in construction of commercial shopping complex,qualityofworkispartlydependentonqualitativeriskassessment.
Hence,
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 02 | Feb 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page290
27
100 Hence,accordingtotheuserrespondents,theyhavesignificantknowledgeabouthealth&safetiesofwell
No.
16 Do you know
18
118.
Hence,accordingtotheuserrespondents,theyhavesignificantknowledgeaboutimplementationofqualitativeriskassessmentis importantonconstructionofcommercialshoppingcomplex. No.Q. Que. Response Up 25%to 50%25 75%50 100%75 Total Hypothesistesting 19 assessment?riskqualitativefordopercentageWhichyouprefer No. sRespondentof 7 11 8 14 40 % 17.50 27.50 20.00 35.00 100 No.Q. Que. Response NO whatSome YES lTota Hypothesistesting eSamplsize eSampl VariancSample (5%|Z|level ofValuethe Result
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 02 | Feb 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page291 No.Q. Que. Response NO whatSome YES lTota Hypothesistesting eSamplsize MeaneSampl eVariancSample (5%|Z|level ce)significanof powerofValuethe Result 17 Do you techniques?ongetsassessmentriskqualitativeknowaffectedtools& No. sRespondentof 11 14 15 40 40 2.10 0.6564 1.06 ‘P’ = 0.217 assignificantP>0.05 % 027.5 35.00 037.5 100 117. If Yes, do you practiceit? No. sRespondentof 27 2 29 % 093.1 6.90 100
Hence,accordingtotheuserrespondents,theydonothavesignificantknowledgeaboutqualitativeriskassessmentgetsaffected ontools&techniques Do you complex?shoppingcommercialofconstructionimportantassessmentriskqualitativeonimplementatiknowofison No. sRespondentof 9 11 20 40 40 2.275 0.666 2.13 ‘P’ = 0.0165 assignificantP<0.05 % 022.5 27.50 050.0 100 If Yes, do you practiceit? No. sRespondentof 28 3 31 % 290.3 9.68 100
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 02 | Feb 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page292 Mean e ce)significanof power 20 Do you know effect of work?constructioncommercialdecisionongetsassessmentriskqualitativeimpactfaston No. sRespondentof 8 8 24 40 40 2.4 10.6564 3.12 ‘P’ = 010.0009 P<0.05ntsignificaas % 020.0 20.00 060.0 100 120. If Yes, do you practiceit? No. sRespondentof 28 4 32 % 087.5 012.5 100 2221fastHence,accordingtotheuserrespondents,theyhavesignificantknowledgeabouteffectofqualitativeriskassessmentgetsimpactondecisiononcommercialconstructionwork.Doyoufillupriskassessmentformonconstructionsite?No.ofRespondents231740%57.542.5100Doyouknowriskmatrix?No.ofRespondents1620440401.70.42012.93 ‘P’ = 950.0016 P<0.05ntsignificaas % 040.0 50.00 010.0 100 122. If Yes, do you practiceit? No. sRespondentof 21 3 24 % 087.5 012.5 100 Hence,accordingtotheuserrespondents,theyhavesignificantlylessknowledgeaboutriskmatrix.
techniques for i) improving
Graph Practice on tools & site quality work, to reduce factors, to time overrun to cost (Ques.7to10)
4:
ii)
avoid
qualitative risk
risk
3:
and iv)
overrun
Graph Percentage of for assessment(Ques.19)
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 02 | Feb 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page293 Graph 1: Preference of project time management tools & techniques(Ques.5) Graph 2: Percentage of beneficial use for tools & techniques(Ques.6)
preference
avoid
iii)
[12] Shash,A.andAl abdullatif,A.M.,1993,“Asurveyof planning and controlling techniques used by construction contractors in Saudi Arabia”, Cost Engineering,Vol.35,No.2,pp.95 112.
5. that percentage of 24questionnaires30timeknowledge&practiceofqualitativeriskassessment&projectmanagementtools&techniquesareverylow.Therearequestionnaireformedfortakinganalysis.Among3024questionshavetheirsubquestions.Outofsub questionsitisfoundthatpercentageof‘Yes’response islessthan‘No’response.Itmeansthatawareness&practice heightedcomparedisfoundbeshoppingconstructionarebuildingthatInConclusionpreventunderstandingtechniques,qualitativeriskdisputes,assessment.Qualitybesafetypractice.controlledassessmentmanagementPeoplesRecordstimearearetimesiteprojectpracticeriskofprojecttimemanagementtools&techniques&qualitativeassessmentisverypoor.Unawarenessaswellaslessofquality,riskofqualitativeriskmanagement&timemanagementtools&techniquesonconstructioncausesdelayintime&cost.Qualitativeriskassessment&managementtools&techniquesonconstructionprojectnotimplementedproperlyonsite.Therules&guidelinesnotproperlyframedforqualitativeriskassessment&managementtools&techniquesonconstructionsite.&reportsarenotproperlymaintainedonsite.onsitearesomewhatknowaboutprojecttime&itstools&techniquesandqualitativeriskbutnotpracticingitproperly.Hazards&risksareonsitewhenqualitativeriskassessmentisonAllwelltrainedlaborsshouldalwaysbehealth&onconstructionsite.Accidentsinconstructionsitewillminimizedwhilequalitativeriskassessmentimproved.&speedoflaborworkimprovesinlowriskProblemsoccurliketimeoverrun,costoverrun,andlitigationbecauseoflesspracticeofqualitativeassessmentonsite.Thereshouldbeawarenessofriskassessment&timemanagementtools&sothatmanagerialstaffscangetaclearontimemanagement&theyareabletothemearly.fromcasestudy:commercialshoppingcomplexincasestudies,itisfoundmoreheightedbuildingcauseshighrisk&lessheightedcauseslessrisk.Alsolatestequipmentmaterialsthattools&techniquesshouldbearrangedduringwork.Sobeforeconstructionofcommercialcomplexfuturerisksshouldbefound.Thereshouldplanningforbefore,during&afterconstructionwork.ItisthatmoreheightedcommercialshoppingcomplexthatCase1&4highriskisfound.Case3haslowestriskastoremainingallcasestudiesbecauseitislowbuilding.
[14] Dixit, S., 2018, TIME MANAGEMENT Book, Manjul PublishingHouse,FirstEdition.
REFERENCES
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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 02 | Feb 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page294
[4] Heiberg,M.andØvensen,G.,1993,“ASurveyofLiving Conditions”,FAFOReport,PalestineSociety,Report151.
[6] Hutchings, D.M. and Christofferson, J. P., 2001, “Management practices of residential construction companies producing 25 and fewer annually”, Proceedings of the ASC 37th Annual Conference, UniversityofDenver,Colorado,pp.115 121. [7] analysis”,Kazi,A.S.,2002,“Projectplanningandcontrolparametermailquestionnaire.
[5] Hutchings,D.M.andChristofferson,J.P.,2000,“Astudy ofmanagementpracticesinsmall volumehomebuilding companies”, Proceedings of the ASC 36th Annual Conference,PurdueUniversity,Indiana,pp.211 220.
[8] Palestine Economic Policy Research Institute, 2001, “Economicmonitoringreport”,pp.1 22. [9] Mezher,T.andTawil,W.,1998,“Causesofdelaysinthe construction industry in Lebanon”, Engineering Construction and Architectural Management Journal, Vol.5,No.3,pp.251 260. [10] PECDARReport,1997,“HousinginPalestine” [11] PCBS, 2000, “Number of enterprises and persons engagedforconstructioncontractors(1995 1999)”, ThePalestinianCentralBureauofStatistics.
[13] White,D.andFortune,J.,2002,“Currentpracticein project management an imperial study”, No.3,InternationalJournalofProjectManagement,Vol.20,pp.113.
CONCLUSIONS ConclusionfromQuestionnaire: In above data analysis it is found
[15] Ismail, I.B., Rahman, I.A., Memon, A.H., and Karim, A.T.,2013,“Comparativestudyontimemanagement practices in construction industry between Kedah and Kelantan”, Proceedings: the 2nd International Conference on Global Optimization and Its Applications,pp.1 6.