Case Study of Solar Flat Plat Collector

2. Consumptionsofelectricity

2.Problem Statement

Therearetwovariationsavailableinthecollectorsbasedon theworkingmedium.

3. Discolored water Rusty water can indicate corrosionofyourtank’sinnerlining,oftencausedby afailinganoderodwhileheatinginaGizar.

Key Words Solar flat plate collector, Cross sections, path, collector efficiency, Zig Zag, parallel & U bent, ANSYS & CFD 1.INTRODUCTIONAnalysis.

Ifanelectricwaterheaterisnotproducinghotwater,itcould be a simple problem like a blown fuse or tripped circuit breaker. Additionally, some electric water heaters have a circuit stylesafetyswitchlocatednearoronthethermostat. Forgaswaterheaters,itcouldbeasstraightforwardasbeing outofgas.Forheatingwaternowadaysmostoftheelectric Gizar, coils & electric water heater are in market, which requires a potential energy for operation in the form of electricity.Moretheusemorethepowersource,alsomostof thesolarproductsarealsoavailablebutbecauseofcostmost ofthemnotbuy.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Abstract

Mr. Vipul Mahajan¹, Prof. A.K. Battu²

1M.E. Mech Design last year student at DY Patil College of Engineering, Akurdi ²Assistant Professor at DY Patil College of Engineering, Akurdi *** Solar is the free source of energy available in the nature, now days most of the gadgets are electric, likely vacuum cleaner to electric vehicle. In general, it had found that, the energy utilization in the residential home and industrial applications for heating the water for other applicational use is usually developed by flat plate solar collectors. Eventhough there are veritiesofsolarwaterheater equipment’s with different configurations and cross sections for the enhancement of the collector efficiency. This paper analyzes the implications on thermal performance when different paths andcross sections & materials are adoptedfor the tubes (zigzag, u bent double parallel etc.) of absorber

Typesofflatplatesolarcollector

1.1 Principle of Flat Plate Collector

So, in order to overcome these problems, being a design engineerourproficiencyistoreducetime,cost&effort.So, this project explains the design consideration for different pathfor tube, cross section& parameter of flat platesolar collectorwillbevariedandstudied.Tominimizetheweight aswellascostselectionofmaterialplayavitalrole.

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dependent on the type of heat transfer fluid, flat plate collectorsarefurtherclassifiedintotwotypesandtheyare asfollows • LiquidHeatingCollectorsand • Airorgasheatingcollectors.

A flat plat solar collector consists of the solar glass or temperedglass,coppertubes,absorberplate,collectingarea or collector, water pump etc. As the heat directs over the tempered glass due to high radiant effects the rays are imposedonto,absorberplateandwaterinsidethecollecting areagetsheatedandthiswatercanbeusedfordomesticas wellasautomobileoranyotheraspects

willbeadoptedwereconstantareaof cross section along flow path and constant perimeter of the tube flow path for different designs will be adopted in the analysis. This overall study envelopes the design parameters required for the enhancement of the flat plate solar collector using ANSYS CFD post processer to solve the model under transient mode.

A Flat Plate Collector is another type of heat exchanger whichconvertstheradiantsolarraysorenergyfromthesun (naturalresources)intotheheatenergyusinggreenhouse effect.Astheraysdirectsovertheplate,itgetshotterthis heat is conducted by the risers and absorbed heat is transferredtotheworkingfluidflowinginsidethetube.Flat plate collectors are the best accessories to raise the temperatureofthewaterthroughacollector.

Themainprinciplebehindthesolarcollectorissimpleand naturalofhabitats.Radiantenergyofthesunisconverted into useful heat energy. If a sheet metal is directed or exposedtoaradiantsunthetemperatureontheplaterises untiltherateatenergyisreceivedisequaltotheheatloss fromtheplate.Whichtermedasequilibriumtemperature.If thebacksidesurfaceoftheplateissupportedbyinsulating material to protect from radiant remedies, if the plate is paintedblackcolourandiscoveredbyoneortwoglassthen thetemperaturewill bemuchhighercomparedtonormal sheetexposedtothesun.

Theplate.comparisoncriteria

1. Overheating

4. Todesigna3DmodelusingCATIAv5softwarewith suitableparameters.

Becauseofelectric era intransportationsolarwill become the no 1 generation of electricity for commercial and industrialapplications.

Solution &

 CFD

1. To utilize free & natural renewable source of availableenergy.

3. Toenhancetheheattransferratebychangingthe flowpathandcomparingwiththermalmaterials.

Maximizing temperature can affect in leaks, loose heating elementsandcanproducecracksaswell 3. Objectives

 Geometry

 Material

2. Toheatthewaterwithoutanyaidofpowersource orgassourceapplications.



7.

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7. Topurchasethematerialaccordingtothedesigned parametersandmaterialselection.

|

 Temperature

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 02 | Feb 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 ISO 9001:2008

3. Toanalyticallyprepareheatconductionincollector.

outlet  Transient

 Flow

4. TostudytheCFDofsolarflatplatecollector.

Facilities

6. Facility Required Pre-Processing Modeling(usingCATIAv5) Meshing(ANSYS) and Contact Definition (ANSYS library or self materialpropagationfromonlinesurvey) andboundarycondition(ANSYS) Post Processing (ANSYS) streamline distributioninlet, CFDpostprocessing Required CATIAv5designtool designingorwireframedesign Tocreate the3Dmodelofcabinmountingbracket. system comparisonoftubes pathvariationoftubefromparalleltoubent MethodologyFlowchart

4. Current Approach 1. To study the online literature papers to know feasibilityoftheproject.

6. To make use of lightweight materials for easy handling.

8. Tofabricatetheworkandtestfortheefficiency.

5. To simulate the prepared model in CFD post in ANSYSworkbench. 6. To vary the flow path by changing the tube variations and solving for FEM to know whether systemcanproducehigherefficiency.

5. Scope BecauseofdenselandIndiaisoneofthemajorresources insolarbecauseofhighheatinteractionduringthesummer season.Solarisafreepoweredsource,about25%oftotal electricityintheworldneedssolarPVcells.

No. 1 Methodologyoftheproject Step1: Ihavestartedtheworkofthisprojectwithliterature survey.Gatheredmanyresearchpaperswhicharerelevantto thistopic.Aftergoingthroughthesepapers,welearntabout

2. Tomakematerialselectioncriteriaforlowweight, thermalapplication&enhancedheattransferusage.

 Pressure  Velocity

5. Todevelopcosteffectivesystem.

©



 Surface

4. Notcosteffective.

 Material

 Loading

After deciding the materials, the 3 D Model and draftingwillbedonewiththehelpofCATIAsoftware.

In this project cero software is used to simulatetheFEACFDpost the heat transfer rate for depends on the working medium the author had solvedthesolutionwith3 workingmediums.

Inthisprojectauthorhadchangedthecrosssectionoftube from circular to semicircular to ellipse and solved using integrated technique. Following details can give us a brief idea.Sr.No.

2 Design And Analysis of Flat Plate Solar Air Mr.ArunprasadCollector S, Dr.Saravanan P, Mr.ArulrajR Inthisprojectauthorhad considerworkingmedium as air and different insulationmaterialforthe enhancement of the performance.

8.1 Literature Gap Aftergoingtosimilarresearchpapers,Ihaveseenonlycross section change of tubefromsquare,circular, semietc. and many had worked on the different fluids with parameter change.Wecangoformodificationofprojectwithdifferent material for tube its cross section, path from parallel to zigzag,U bentetc.asshownbelow Fig No.1 Patterns Analysis Flat Plate 5mm=0.005 mm

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056

Author&title Summary 1 Design and CFD Analysis of Solar FlatPlate Collector byUsing M.ALEKHCREOYA

9 Analytical

of Solar

Step4: FEMsolutionwillbeevaluated1stusingCFDpost. Step5: Materialcomparison. Step6: varyingtubecross section. Step7: MaterialPurchase. Step8: fabrication. Step9: testing Step10: validating Step11: thesiswriting 8. Literature Review

In this paper the author had changed the tube shape from circular to triangle to know the performance 4 modellingMathematical and performance InnthispaperVarious effective heat loss coefficient, and the analysis of single passflatplatesolar Mohdcollector Irshad, Anshul Yadav, Rajnish Singh, Anil Kumar efficiency of the collector was found to be 72.7 %, 8.422Wm ²K 1,36.73% respectively.

Stepmaterial.3:

optimization, CFD post & pre processing of the alternatorprojectofouraim.

m Lengthofthecase=2000

=2m widthofthecase=1000mm=1m depthofthecase=30mm=0.03m ��=4.329��^2 ��,�� &��=10�� =��/��=(10∗9.81)/4.329=22.66��^2

3 CFD Analysis Of AbsorberTriangularTubeOfA Solar Flat Plate BasavannaCollectorSAndS Shashishekar

Step2: After the study, material selection criteria are surveyedinthemarketaccordingtoavailabilityandcostof

Collector Formulations : Parent section Design parameters 1. Case dimension Shellorthickness=

topology

5. Absorber plate Lengthoftheabsorberplatecopper=1950mm Widthoftheabsorberplatecopper=950mm Thicknessoftheabsorberplatecopper=0.16mm Water velocity is a measure of the speed of water flowing through a closed pipe system. Water velocity can be determinedusingasimpleformula: V= Where,Q/A •V=velocity •Q=Flowrate •A=cross sectionalareaofpipe

3. Header pipe Pipemaxdiameter=14mm Pipemindiameter=12.7mm Pipelength=1050mm 4. Collector glass LengthoftheThermalglass=2000mm Widthofthethermalglass=1000mm Depthofthethermalglass=3mm A=2((L*B)+(B*D)+(L*D)) =2((2*1)+(1*0.003)+(2*0.003)) =4.018m3

��∗6.35∗1900=37903.31��

 Thephysicalandthermalpropertiesoftheabsorber plate, pipe and water are independent of the temperature.

 Waterisacontinuousandincompressible.  Theflowisstableandhascharacteristicsoflaminar flow.

2. Tube Tubemaxdiameter=8mm Tubemindiameter=6.35mm Lengthofthetube=1900mm Area=��= ^2=0.037��^2

 Theheatlossfromthebottomoftheplateandthe tube is by convection, which depends upon wind speed Aconstantheatflux(solarradiation)isappliedtotheupper part of the plate, whilst the lower part is established as a convective surface where the convective heat transfer coefficientisobtainedbyGunjo. ��=��(�� )�� =0.41��418.4��(317.55−295)1200��4.18 =0.771∗100=��%

 The specific heat capacity of water is 4184 J⋅kg−1⋅c−1.  Collectorarea=4.18m2

mWhere:=Massflowoffluid,kg/s

Theefficiencyofthesolarcollectorisdeterminedby, The analysis was carried out based on the following assumptions:

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 02 | Feb 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page621

Q=letusassumethatthetotalwatertobedischargeisof25 10LPMlitre/minute=0.0001666667cubicmeter/second Q=0.0004166667m^3/sec =0.41kg/sec ��=0.0004166667126.67= 3.2896e 6 m3/sec

Thecross sectionalareaofapipecanbedeterminedusing theformula: A=πr² r=radiusofpipemm=6.35mm��=��∗6.352 =126.67mm2

Parameter Value  Solarradiation=1200W/m2  Massflow=0.41kg/s  Assumeoutlettemperature=317.55k  Waterinflowtemperature=295K  Velocityofthewater=3.2896e 6m/sec



��

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 02 | Feb 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page622 Cp=Specificheatofthefluid,J/kg K Ti=Fluidinflowtemperature,K To=Fluidoutflowtemperature,K I=Solarradiation,W/m2 Ac=Effectiveareaofthecollector,m2

 Extract

 Convertto

Parent Absorbersectionplate Fig 3:absorberplate Assembly Fig 4:assemblyofallsubparts



 Add

��

T1

10. ProcedureDesign for 3D Development of model. Take tracing 2D drawing of any car model with standarddimensionsavailable,anddownload. Open CATIA software, select sketch tracer from shapedesigning,selectthedownloaded2Ddrawing and extract all the views on required plane, using createanimmersivesketch. Nowtheimportationpartisover,afterimportation trace the sketch using free style section using desiredplane.(Tracinginvolvescreatingofsplineon a2Ddrawing). nodesandjoinnodesusingcurvature. thearetosurface, material thicksurfacetotherequiredvalue. IGS STPfileforANSYSimport.

Heatgainedthroughradiation =��(��24−��14) whereσ=5.67×10−8J/s·m2· K4istheStefan Boltzmannconstant, Aisthesurfaceareaoftheobject,and Tisitsabsolutetemperatureinkelvin. Thesymbolestandsfortheemissivityoftheobject,whichis ameasureofhowwellitradiates.Anidealjet black(orblack body)radiatorhase=1,whereasaperfectreflectorhase= 0. Real objects fall between these two values. Take, for example, tungsten light bulb filaments which have an e of about 0.5, and carbon black (a material used in printer toner),whichhasthe(greatestknown)emissivityofabout 0.99. ��=5.67�� 8��1��4.18(317.54−2954) =�� Heat transfer in a parallel tube Areaofparalleltube=0.037m^2 Fig 2:StraightTubeforcalculationPurpose =��(��24−��14) transferthroughradiation =�� =1 A=Areatube &T2=temperaturedifference 8∗0.037(317.554−2954)=��

��

 Create

or

��=1∗5.67��



QWhere,=heat

 Offset

10. N. Benz and T. Beikircher, “High efficiency evacuated flat plate solar collector for process steamproduction,”SolarEnergy,vol.65,no.2,pp. 111 118,1999.

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Until now preparation of analytical calculation has been done parameters of the design has been set, also studied abouttheflatcollectoritsworking,terminology,materials andsoon.Wehadgivenalistofmaterialsthatcanbeusedto makethecollectorandperformanceenhanced.

11 Conclusion

 Pitch between two parallel tube is 50 mm curve moduleis50mm&lengthofubenttubeatonesideis 1800mmandoveralllengthofthetubefromfixedto foxedis1900mm.  5numberoftubesareused,diametersaresameas pertheparentsection,wewillconvertthisfileinto IGSorSTPandusetosolvetheFEMsolution.

1. "Solar Energy Perspectives: Executive Summary". InternationalEnergyAgency.2011.Archivedfrom theoriginal(PDF)on3December2011. 2. Jumpup^"Energy".rsc.org. 3. InternationalJournalofEmergingTechnologyand Advanced Engineering Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN2250 2459,ISO9001:2008CertifiedJournal, Volume3, 4. U.S.DepartmentofEnergy EnergyEfficiencyand Renewable Energy Solar Energy Technologies Program.http://www1.eere.energy.gov/solar

12. References 

6. MohammedAbdulJunaid&S.IrfanSadaq“Design& Optimization of Fins in Solar Flat Plate Collector Using CFD”. International Journal of Science & ResearchWebsite:www.ijsr.net(ISSN2319 7064) Volume6Issue1,January2017

7. SatelliteImageofLocation,www.google.com/map 8. perhttps://www.internationaljournalssrg.org/IJME/padetails?Id=313

9. C. Eaton and H. A. Blum, “The use of moderate vacuumenvironmentsasameansofincreasingthe collectionefficienciesandoperatingtemperatures offlate platesolarcollectors,”SolarEnergy,vol.17, no.3,pp.151 158,1975.

12. R. Moss and S. Shire, “Design and performance of evacuatedsolarcollector microchannel plates,”in EuroSunConference,Aix les Bains,France,2014.

Solar Energy Perspectives: Executive Summary". InternationalEnergyAgency.2011.Archivedfromthe original(PDF)on3December2011.  details?Id=313https://www.internationaljournalssrg.org/IJME/paper  Jumpup"Energy".rsc.org.  PaperStudied:

Journal | Page623 1. Tubes 2. Absorberplate 3. Glass 4. Collector 5. Blackpaint ProposedFigdesign-5

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 02 | Feb 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 2022, IRJET Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified

:ISO viewofproposedsystemutubebent Parameters

Acknowledgement The preferred spelling of the word ―acknowledgment‖inAmericanEnglishiswithoutan―e‖ after the ―g.‖ Use the singular heading even if you have manyacknowledgments

5. “Handbook of Heat Transfer” by Warren M.Rohsenow, James P. Hartnett, Young I. Cho, MCGRAW HILL,3rdEdition,ISBN0 07 053555 8.

11. C.Benvenuti,“Evacuableflatpanelsolarcollector,” PCT/EP2004/000503,CERN,2005.

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13. G.S.F.Shire,R.W.Moss,P.Henshall,F.Arya,P.C. Eames, and T. Hyde, “Development of an efficient low and medium temperature vacuum flat plate solarthermalcollector,”inRenewableEnergyinthe

Mr. Vipul Sudhir Mahajan

M.E.Mech Designlastyearstudent atDYPatilCollegeofEngineering, Akurdi

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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e ISSN: 2395 0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 02 | Feb 2022 www.irjet.net p ISSN: 2395 0072 © 2022, IRJET Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008

ServiceofMankind,vol.2,pp.859 866,Springer InternationalPublishing,Switzerland,2016.

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