IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Underwater Surveillance Drone

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

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Volume: 08 Issue: 04 | Apr 2021

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Design and Fabrication of Underwater Surveillance Drone Himanshu Choudhari1, Sarvesh Gangshettiwar2, Simran Fale3, Vishal Mohite4 1-4Undergraduate

Students, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering Nagpur ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------

Abstract - Twenty-first century underwater drones are like

water. Both of them are not suitable for the growth and habitation of aquaculture.

miniature submarines without any human occupant. They can be autonomous, using their on-board sensors to operate.

Remotely operated and autonomous vehicles have begun to reform the deep underwater exploration, often returning data for further analysis. This Drones can be made more advanced and more specific. A substantial amount of data is being transferred by fibre-optic cables lying deep under ocean water and this need to be checked frequently. To collect data regarding the quality of water, from different water bodies, we have developed an underwater surveillance drone capable of taking water quality test. These include pH test, turbidity and temperature to check the suitable environment for aquaculture and drinking water supply.

Key Words: underwater drone, marine aquaculture, water quality, marine inspection.

The rate of growth of aquatic plants gets affected by the turbidity of the water. Since the more is the turbidity of water, the lesser amount of light will be available for photosynthesis. Turbidity can also increase water temperature because suspended particles tend to absorb more heat.

The growth and survival of all life forms get largely influenced by the temperature they emerge. Similarly, the temperature of the water also plays a critical role in the growth and survival of the fish, shrimp and other aquaculture animals, since they are poikilothermic or coldblooded. Poikilothermic animals are not able to control their body temperature. A certain change in temperature can result in mutations of their outer membrane which can injure or result in death.

robotics,

1. INTRODUCTION Ocean covers around 71% of the planet and 44% of the World’s population is living along coastline. Oceans is the main sources of many natural resources including oil, mineral such as nickel, cobalt, even salt and sand.

Water is a “universal solvent,” because it has the ability to dissolve easily most of the substances. This is also why water is very vulnerable to contamination. Chemical substances from industries, farms are drained into water bodies which causes water pollution. Therefore, it is very important to routinely inspect water quality. Water quality standards have been broadly established on various conventional water quality factors such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen and nutrients. Such factors help to decide researchers particularly in countries with severe organic pollution, for finding various control measures to decrease the pollutants and potential for oxygen depletion.

Fig-1: Aquaculture Growth Rate After evaluating these three water quality parameters and their effects, we included the following sensors in our drone to monitor these parameters.  pH sensor  Temperature sensor  Turbidity sensor

Conventional underwater exploration has many limitations which is the reason it is been replaced by robotic approaches in recent times. They provide efficient and powerful solution for exploration of deep oceans. Unmanned ROV or Remotely Operated Vehicle has been used and so its industry is growing drastically.

It will be able to collect real-time data with the help of sensors for detailed inspection. Also, we will be collecting underwater live images and recordings. The Aquaculture industry is using underwater drones for the more efficient performance of net inspections, lighting, feeding,

According to various studies, pH range of 6.5 to 9 is most suitable for aquaculture. Less the pH number, more acidic will be the water. While more the pH, more alkaline is the

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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 08 Issue: 04 | Apr 2021

p-ISSN: 2395-0072

www.irjet.net

troubleshooting and stock monitoring. The utilisation of underwater drones has proved to be a cost-effective way to ensure healthy pisciculture, efficient harvest and environmental protection.

2. Methodology The Figure-2 shows the block diagram of the proposed hardware of the underwater drone. The hardware of the drone involves Raspberry pi which will be responsible for executing tasks like capturing real-time images by camera module, collecting the data from various sensors used for measuring the water quality and coordination of motors with the help of microcontroller.

Figure 3: (Left) two PVC tubes, (Right) Tube with end caps This Hull part account for the majority of the vehicle’s volume and thus selecting proper size was critical. Selection of diameter of the PVC tubes was calculated on the basis of sizes of the sensors to be housed inside the drone.

In the frame design of the drone, the main cylinder and propeller casings will be made using PVC, since PVC is lighter in weight also cost-friendly. One side of the will be transparent to capture images by the camera. These data will be stored in the memory card of 8 GB. The power to the system will be given by Lithium-Polymer Battery because they are lightweight and pliable.

3.2 Propulsion The propulsion section of the drone includes motors or motor controllers. It controls the speed and position of the ROV. Motors were selected according to their inherent watertight integrity, size specifications and low cost. Since, motors are to be placed outside the main body of the drone, their volume must be taken into consideration for designing the overall structure of the volume. Propeller-to-hull and propeller-topropeller interactions was done with the help of Raspberry Pie Microcontroller.

We have used a total 6 brushless DC motors as thrusters. Out of which 4 motors is used for vertical movements and 2 motors for backward and forward movements. The speed of this motor will be controlled by the microcontroller to balance the movement of the drone in a particular plane.

3.3 Electric Power

3. CONSTRUCTION OF COMPONENTS

It is necessary to supply adequate power is being supplied to the drone, especially to every motor. Also, power consumption of motors will increase if the speed of the drone is to be increased. Components and sensors should also use minimum power for system functioning.

3.1 Hulls

3.4 Controller

The upper and lower hulls were made from PVC tubing utilising threaded end caps (Figure-3) with O-ring seals for easily opening and closing each end of the hull, but at the same time ensuring watertight integrity. To support the electronic components inside the upper hull, two Perspex boards were machined to size and PVC supports were attached inside the tube to allow the boards to be properly placed and to be easily slide in and out.

To control the entire functioning of the drone Raspberry Pie controller is selected. It is a small-sized high performance microcontroller board with flexible digital interface. It is based on RP2040 chip. It has 26 multi-function GPIO pins. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller.

We will be operating 6 motors, three sensors and one camera from this device. The total weight of the microcontroller is about 50 grams and the operating voltage is 1.8-5.5 V.

Fig-2: Block Diagram

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e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 08 Issue: 04 | Apr 2021

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4. CAD MODEL

productivity” - IEEE Underwater Technology 2015, Chennai, India [4] Enrico Petritoli , Marco Cagnetti and Fabio Leccese, “Simulation of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) Swarm Diffusion” - MDPI, July 2020

5. CONCLUSIONS This paper presented an underwater drone equipped with a real-time camera to display images underwater. The drone was also equipped with temperature, turbidity and pH sensors to inspect water quality conditions. Programming of the algorithms was done using open software tools which allows adding more functionality to the underwater drone.

The design and configurations of the drone are very flexible and low-cost hardware increases its potential use in the study of marine flora and fauna, fishing operations and growth control of the fish. These make it easier to upgrade or add new sensors to the configuration.

In future, we aim to make more advancement in underwater drone.

6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The author would sincerely like to convey kindly thanks to Dr. S. T. Bagde (Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering) for their sheer guidance and feedback for this paper.

7. REFERENCES Lin Meng (IEEE), Takuma Hirayama, “Underwater-drone with Panoramic Camera for Automatic Fish Recognition Based on Deep Learning” - IEEE Access, March 2018 [2] Rui L. Pedroso de Lima, Floris C. Boogaard, “Innovative Water Quality and Ecology Monitoring Using Underwater Unmanned Vehicles” - MDPI, March 2020 [3] Choi, H.T.; Choi, J.; Lee, Y.; Moon, Y.S.; Kim, D.H., “New concepts for smart ROV to increase efficiency and [1]

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