IRJET- Analysis of Demand Side Management of Distribution Systems

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

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Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019

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Analysis of Demand Side Management of Distribution Systems Dr. K. Balamurugan1, V. Deva dharshini2, Ajith Bhaskar3, P. Pukazhvanan4 1Professor,

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Dr.Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology Pollachi, TamilNadu, India 2,3,4Student, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Dr.Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology Pollachi, TamilNadu, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------

Abstract - Demand side management (DSM) provides

The major power loss occurs for system loss which is increasing day by day around the world and has emerged as a challenge for the developing countries to run with limited resources. To minimise this transmission power loss and ensure optimal power flow, DSM is introduced in power system. Terminal voltages and voltage angle of different buses can be controlled by DSM techniques in a fast and effective way.

power systems with the opportunity to supply electricity to the customers more efficiently and reliably. In a smart grid incorporating automated control and distributed energy systems, an effective DSM can alleviate the peak load and shift part of the demand to off-peak hours. A different DSM technique like alternate energy sources, load scaling and valley filling is implemented in an IEEE 33 bus system. The alternate energy source used here is Distribution generators and batteries. The load shifting is done for different percentages of load and valley filling is done for different cases. The improvement of voltage profile and losses for all the DSM cases is compared with the IEEE 33 bus system. The efficiency of different DSM techniques is analyzed by considering the losses in each technique. Effectiveness of the proposed system is tested on IEEE-33 bus systems using Dig Silent power factory Software tool.

In automated control and distributed energy systems, an effective DSM can alleviate the peak load and shift part of the demand to off-season hours. This paper evaluates the impact of DSM on reliability of automated power distribution systems [1]. This work aims to develop a methodology to perform the active demand side management for households in smart grids, which contain distributed solar photovoltaic generation and energy storage. Such methodology outcomes a decision-making system that manages the battery aiming to reduce the consumer electricity cost [2]. This paper makes use of different energy sources like solar energy, energy from battery and energy from the provider to run appliances of a subscriber. We think about the state of affairs where the subscriber will offer excess energy that is generated, back to the grid, thereby reducing the load on the grid during peak hours [3]. This paper mainly focusses on the impact of distributed generation and best feeder reconfiguration of distribution system, in order to improve the quality of power in the distribution system. Primarily the goal of this paper is to mitigate as much as possible the losses in power system and improve the voltage profile. The improved of the system affected by feeder capability limit, radial configuration format, no load point interruption and load-point voltage limits. [4].

Key Words: Demand Side Management, Load Shifting, Renewable Energy Sources, Distribution Generators, DigSilent Software, Voltage Profile.

1. INTRODUCTION A micro grid is a group of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources that acts as a single controllable entity with respect to the grid. A micro grid can connect and disconnect from the grid to enable it to operate in grid-connected or separate mode. Some of the disadvantages of micro grid are Voltage, frequency and power quality should be at acceptable limits. The limitations of micro grid can be overcome by Demand Side Management (DSM) techniques. This project implements the DSM techniques in the distribution Systems and the results are analyzed.DSM is analysed using power flow analysis. They are necessary for designing, operation, economic scheduling and exchange of power among utilities. Transmission line is characterized by resistance, inductance, and capacitance.

This will result in losses. These losses cannot be eliminated but it can be reduced. Voltage collapses generally happens on power systems that are heavily loaded, faulted and/or have reactive power shortage. In recent years, deregulation of electricity has emerged for its huge demand’s techniques are being played a vital role for better utilization of the existing power system with the increased demand. On the other hand, transmission and distribution orientation has become more severe due to the lack of proper arrangement.

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1.1. Proposed System It is proposed to incorporate DSM in the power system. The DSM alters the losses of the transmission line thereby controlling the real power flow in the transmission lines. The standard 30 bus system is used for analysis and the DSM is incorporated in transmission lines where costs and losses are reduced. The line data and load data are taken from the standard IEEE 33 bus system.

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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019

p-ISSN: 2395-0072

www.irjet.net

3. Software Used: 3.1 DIgSILENT PowerFactory Simulator PowerFactory is a leading power system analysis software application for use in analyzing generation, transmission, distribution and industrial systems. It covers the full range of functionality from standard features to highly sophisticated and advanced applications including wind power, distributed generation, real-time simulation and performance monitoring for system testing and supervision.

PowerFactory is simple, totally Windows compatible and combines reliable and versatile system modeling capabilities with progressive algorithms and a novel info thought.

Fig -1.1: One line diagram of IEEE standard 33 bus system

2. Demand Side Management

3.2 DIgSILENT PowerFactory Functionality

Demand-side management (DSM) or demand-side response (DSR), is the modification of customer demand for energy through varied method .Usually, the goal of demand-side management is to encourage the consumer to use less energy during peak hours, or to move the time of energy use to off-peak times such as night time and weekends. An example is the use of energy storage units to store energy during off-peak hours and discharge them during peak hours. A newer application for DSM is to aid grid operators in balancing intermittent generation from wind and solar units, particularly when the timing and magnitude of energy demand does not coincide with the renewable generation.

     

3.3 MODES OF OPERATION

Types of Demand Side Management:

The PowerFactory Base Package provides analysis modules coupled with a wide range of power equipment models, integrated tools and features for fundamental PowerFactory applications. It includes two types of operations

2.1 Energy efficiency: Using less power to perform the same tasks. This involves a permanent reduction of demand by mistreatment additional economic load-intensive appliances.

 

2.2 Demand Response: Demand response includes all intentional modifications to consumption patterns of electricity of end users that are supposed to change the temporal arrangement, level of fast demand, or the total electricity consumption.

The tasks performed are        

Distributed generation,is electrical generation and storage performed by a variety of small, grid-connected devices .

Conventional power stations are centralized and require electric energy to be transferred over long distances. By contrast, DER systems are localized, standard and flexible technologies that are located close to the load they serve, albeit having capacities of only 10 megawatts (MW) or less.

Sometimes, they are referred to as hybrid power systems. All these types of demand side management are incorporated in the system and the system performance is analyzed.

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Load Flow Analysis Short-Circuit Analysis Load Flow Sensitivities Basic MV/LV Network Analysis Network Representation Network Model Management Network Diagrams and Graphic Features Results and Reporting

3.3.2 Advanced Features The tasks performed are   

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Basic Functions and Integrated Features.

Advanced features.

3.3.1 Basic Functions and Integrated Features.

2.3. Distributed energy sources:

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Ease of dynamic modeling; not reliant on default models Proven accuracy of results Lots of world-wide studies in the area of wind – many examples Powerful instrumentation including FFT for frequency domain representation Much R & D in renewable conducted in Europe commonly uses PowerFactory software Very strong support locally

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Contingency Analysis Protection Functions Arc-Flash Analysis

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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019

p-ISSN: 2395-0072

www.irjet.net

Case 2: IEEE 33 bus system with generator.

Cable Analysis Power Quality and Harmonic Analysis Transmission Network Tools Distribution Network Tools Probabilistic Analysis Reliability Analysis Functions

4. DESIGN AND SIMULATION The methodology implemented here is usage of alternate energy resources such as Distribution Generators and Battery and valley filing .

4.1 Alternate Energy Sources In this paper, four cases were considered for alternate energy sources. They are

Fig 4.3 Simulation of IEEE standard 33 bus system with distributed generator The values of the distributed generator added in the system are 250kW, 250kW and 500kW. Case3: IEEE 33 bus system with battery

Fig 4.1: One-line diagram of IEEE standard 33 bus system with distributed generators.

4.2.1 Simulation of alternate energy sources Case 1: IEEE 33 bus system.

Fig 4.4 Simulation of IEEE 33 bus system with battery The value of the battery added in the system is 500KW LiIon battery.

Fig 4.2 Simulation of IEEE standard 33 bus system

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Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019

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Table -1: Voltage comparison of alternate energy

Case 4 : IEEE 33 bus system with generator and battery.

sources.

Fig 4.4 Simulation of IEEE 33 bus system with battery.

Both the battery and the generator is connected in the system.

The voltage profile and power loss both active and reactive power is compared and analysed for the effective result .

Among those cases , the DSM incorprated system in which both distribution generator and battery is the effective one.

Table 1 : Comparison of losses for different cases S.No

Cases

Active power (KW)

Reactive power (KVAr)

1

IEEE case

290

190

2

With generator

260

170

3

With battery

190

90

4

With battery and generator

150

70

Chart1: Voltage comparison of alternate energy sources.

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e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019

p-ISSN: 2395-0072

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Table 3 : Comparison of losses for different cases Before Shifting

After Shifting

P(KW)

Q(KVAr)

P(KW)

Q(KVAr)

290

90

260

180

290

90

260

170

290

90

250

160

Chart 2: Comparison of losses of alternate energy sources.

4.2 Valley Filling Valley filling is usually done together with the load shifting programs, often with the aim of shifting peak demand usage to low demand time, but the term can refer to any program aimed at filling the valley. In this paper, some of the load load are shifted from some of the buses.

Actual Load

Reduced Load

Actual Increased Load Load

Chart 3: Comparison of losses of alternate energy sources.

P Q P Q P Q P Q Bus Bus Case No: kW kVAr kW kVAr No: kW kV kW kVAr 24

420 200 210 100

2

100 60 310 160

I

25

420 200 210 100

3

90

II

32

210 100 105 50

2

100 60 205 110

24

420 200 210 100

2

100 60 310 160

25

420 200 210 100

3

90

32

210 100 105 50

2

100 60 205 110

III

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5. Conclusion The impacts of the Demand Side Management on distribution system were studied using a simulation approach. The distribution system was modeled in DIgSILENT software environment, and the evaluation of DSM was carried out in IEEE 33 bus system. The various DSM techniques such as alternate energy sources, load shifting and valley filling for different cases is analyzed in proposed system and results were compared. Among these, Alternate Energy source method is most preferred among all the techniques. It also contributes to improve the voltage profile and stability of the system. Based on the results of this proposed work, the performance of the distribution system improves if a DSM with alternate energy sources is applied to the loads.

40 300 140

40 300 140

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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019

p-ISSN: 2395-0072

www.irjet.net

REFERENCES [1] Salman Kahrobaee and SohrabAsgarpoor, “The Effect of demand side management on reliability of automated distribution systems”, IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability(2013).

[2] Katia Gregio Di santo, Silvio Giuseppe Di Santo and Renato Machado Monaro, “Active Demand Side Management for households in smart grid using Optimization and artificial intelligence” ,MEASUREMENT,2017.

[3] Arif Wazir, NaeemArbab. “Analysis and Optimization of IEEE 33 Bus Radial Distributed System Using Optimization Algorithm,”(JETAE) Journal of Emerging Trends in Applied Engineering (ISSN 2518-4059), Vol. 1, No. 2, 2016.

[4] Aritra Kumar Lahiri, Ashwin Vasani andSumanthKulkarani, “A Game Theoretic Approach to Demand Side Management in Smart Grid with Multiple Energy and Sources”, International Journal of Advanced Comuter Science and Applications,Vol 09,No.2,2018.

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