International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 04 | Apr 2024 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
FLY ASH, COARSE
AGGREGATE BY COCONUT SHELL AND FINE AGGREGATE BY SAW DUST IN CONCRETE
Yasam
Yash1 , Hirendra Pratap Singh2 , Rakesh Sakale3 , Pawan Dubey4
1Research Scholar Department of Civil Engineering, People's University, Bhopal (M.P.)
2Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engineering, People's University, Bhopal (M.P.)
3Associate Professor Department of Civil Engineering, People's University, Bhopal (M.P.)
4Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engineering, People's University, Bhopal (M.P.) ***
Abstract -
The contemporary world is heavily focused on green and ecological development. Concrete is the utmost widely used building material in the world. Cement, fine and coarseaggregate, water, make up this composite material.
The replacement impacts that fly-ash, sawdust, and coconutshell bring to concrete are the main topic ofthis thesis. Cement and usual fine-aggregates were moderately substituted with fly-ash and sawdust, individually. Here, the coarse aggregate in the solid is swapped out for coconut shell. Determining the compressive-strength, split-tensile strength, andslump value is how the experiment is conducted. Sawdust is added to concrete in percentages of 5.0%, 10.0%, 15.0%, 20.0%, and 25.0% in place of natural fine aggregates. Fly Ash is consistently added to the mix at a weight of 30.0% cement having strong pozzolonic qualities, sawdust has properties comparable to those of usual fine-aggregates, and coconutshell gives the concrete strong split-tensile strengths. The outcomes are contrasted with the design mix M30 controlmix. Testing is done on the specimens 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after they have cured. It has been found that, during 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of curing, concrete can have up to 20.0% of its natural fine-aggregate substitutedbysawdust and20.0%of its coarseaggregate substituted by coconut shell, all without compromising its strength. Fly-Ash should remain at 30% of the mix. As the quantity of resources increases, slump's value diminishes. Additionally, the price of concrete decreasedtothe total price per cubic meter of concrete
Key Words: coconut shell, saw dust, fly ash, sustainable concrete,pozzolonic.
1. INTRODUCTION
Afterwater,concreteisthemostextensivelyutilizedmanmade stuff worldwide. Sand, aggregates, cementing constituents,andoccasionallyadmixturesarefurtherinthe appropriate amounts to achieve it. Every day, there is an enormousenhanceindemandforit.Inordertoconvenethis requirement,alargeamountofnaturalpossessionsmustbe
used,whichputstheecosystematseriousrisk.Thus,thegoal ofthisstudyistoaddressenvironmentalissuesbyfallingthe quantityoffly-ash,sawdustand,coconutthatisdumpedon landfills.Thiswillundoubtedlyhelpdiminishtheamountof carbondioxide(CO2)thatisreleasedintotheatmosphere, whichotherwisecontributestoglobalwarming,oneofthe main issues facing the modern world. Therefore, fly ash, sawdust,andcoconutshellarebeingusedinthisprojectto partiallysupernumerarycement,fine-aggregateandcoarseaggregateinconcrete.Fly-ashismadeupofsilicondioxide, aluminumoxide,andcalciumoxideandisproducedwhen coalisburned.Fly-ashcanbeusedtopartiallyswapcement inconcretesinceithasgreatpozolonicqualitiesandreacts with water quickly. Saw-dust is a waste product obtained fromsawmills.Particularlyinthisarea,usingcoconut-shells inplaceofcoarse-aggregatesinconcreteisbecomingmore andmorepopular.Thehardexteriorofthecoconutiscalled the shell. Since it worked, we can conclude that in many concreteapplications,excessandby-productcanbeusedin consignofnaturalmaterials.
1.1 1.2 OBJECTIVES
Thesearethefollowingobjectivesofthiswork:-
1.Theprimarygoalsofthisworkaretodeterminetheideal saw-dust percentages to substitute for natural fineaggregates,flyashpercentagestosubstituteforcement,and coconut-shellpercentagestosubstituteforcoarse-aggregate
2. To determine and compare the slump values of regular concretewithmodifiedconcretethathasbeentreatedwith fly-ash,saw-dust,andcoconut-shell.
3. To ascertain the changed concrete'shardened behavior, suchasitscompressive-strength.
4.Tomakethecompositemoreinexpensiveinassociationto regularO-P-Cconcrete.
5. To utilize these leftover elements to create lightweight concrete.
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 04 | Apr 2024 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
2. METHODOLOGY
The methodology for the whole thesis work shall be conductedasfollows.
1.Literatureassessment-Inthisvariousjournalpapers werestudiedafterwhichthefinalbestexaminationworkis selected.
2. Materials to be used - The materials which are to be used in the research is selected. The materials of fly-ash, saw-dustandcoconut-shellisfinallyselectedwhicharetobe moderately substituted in concrete. Fly-ash to be fixed on 30%,Sawdustbetween0to20%andCoconut-shellbetween 0to20.0%.
3. Concrete Mix-Design - After the selection of supplies M30gradeconcretemix-designisdone.
4. Laboratory work - Testing of materials to be used in concreteisevaluated.Finalconcreteafterthereplacements is also experienced with the workability, compressivestrengthtestandsplit-tensileexamination.
5. Cost Analysis - After the laboratory work the cost analysisofconcreteisdoneandassociatedwiththenormal OPCconcrete.
6. Data-analysis and presentation -Analyse the consequencesofvarioustestsconductedandconvertit in tabularform.
7. Conclusion and proposal - After analysis and presentationweconcludetheresults.
3. MATERIALS & METHODS
3.1FLY-ASH:-Theyaretheby-productremainingafterthe combustionofcoal.Itisoftwotypes:Class-CandClass-F.
3.2SAWDUST:-Sawdustisaby-productofawoodobtained after cutting, grinding or sanding with saw or other industrialstool.
3.3COCONUT-SHELL:-Thehardestportionofacoconutisits shell,whichissituatedonthesideofthehusktoprotectthe meat.Coconut-shellisawasteproductfromagriculturethat iswidelyaccessibleintropicalnationsacrosstheglobe.
3.4COARSE&FINEAGGREGATES:-Theaggregateclassified ascoarseaggregateisthatwhichisretainedona4.75mmIS screenandFineaggregateisdefinedbyIS:383-1963asthe aggregatethat,whenfilteredovera4.75mmIS-sieveandheld ona0.07mmIS-sieve
FOR M30 GRADE CONCRETE
VolumeofConcrete =1cu.m
TotalVolumeofCement =Cement/(S.G*1000)
=422/(3.15*1000) =0.134cu.m
VolumeofWater =Water/(S.G*1000) =190/(1*1000) =0.190cu.m
TotalAggregates
Requirement =A-(B+C) =1-(0.133+0.190)=0.677cu.m
Coarse-Aggregate(C.A) =D*C.Aratio*S.G*1000 =1168.6kg
Fine-Aggregate(F.A) =D*F.Aratio*S.G*1000 =0.677*0.37*2.74*1000 =686.3KG
Table -1: ShowtheM30mixdesignofConcrete
GradeofConcrete M30
Cement 420kg/m3
Aggregates Fineaggregates 1855 kg/m3 685 kg/m3
Coarse-aggregates
• 20mmaggregates
• 10mmaggregates 1170kg/m3 702kg/m3 468kg/m3
Proportionofmix 1:1.63:2.8
Water/Cementratio .45
Repla ceme nt % of fly ash Amou ntof fly-ash inKg/ m3
Replac ement Percen tageof sawdust Am oun tof saw dus tin Kg/ m3 Replac ement Percen tage Of coconu t-shell Amou ntof coconu tshell inKg/ m3
4. EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS
• Proportioning
• Mixing
• Casting
• Curing
• Proportioning-Thedesignmixofpreparationof30 cubesofsize15cmx15cmx15cmcanbemade.
• Mixing-Rawmaterialsi.e.fly-ash,coarseaggregateand sand was weighted manually according to the design mix.Thensupplieswereblendsequenceinthepanand hand mixture was done. After the combination succeededtheirhomogeneity,thewaterwasgradually assortedinthemix.
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 04 | Apr 2024 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
• Casting- The fresh concreteis poured in mouldsand compressed. Additional compaction was made by vibrating machine. The technique of intercourse and castingissimilartocementconcretecubes.Total60No. mouldsofsize150mmX150mmX150mmisprepared.
-1:MixingofMaterials
-2:
• Curing- The test samples/specimen are cured in curativetankfordesiredperiod.Afterthatthecubes aretestedatthescheduledtime.
4.1 COMPRESSIVE-STRENGTH-TEST (IS-516, 1959)
Liftthespecimenfromlaboratoryfloororoutsideafter specified ageand wipe outany dirt from the surface. Makesuretheloadisappliedtotheopposingsidesof the cube cast by positioning the sample inside the machineinthismanner.Positionthespecimencenter wiseonthemachine'sbottomplate.
Hand-rotatethevariablesectionsmoothlyuntilitreachesthe specimen'supperface.Untilthespecimenorcubefails,apply theloadgradually,steadily,andwithoutshock,atarateof 140kg/cm2/minute.Notethehighestcapacityanditshould alsobenotedthatanyunusualstructuresinthesortoffailure mustnotoccur.
4.2 SLUMP CONE TEST (IS-1199-1959)
Inthistest,aconicalmoldwithanupperdiameterof10cm,a lowerdiameterof20cm,andaaltitudeof30cmisusedto measure the workability of the mix. The concrete is first prepared,thenitispouredintothemoldinfourstages.25 tampswereappliedtoeachlayer.Usingatrowel,thesurplus concretewasdetachedfromthemoldandthesurfacewas leveled.
Lift the mold using your hands,and then observe how the heightofthespecimenandthemolddiffer.
-4: PerformingCompressive-StrengthTest
Fig -3:ConcreteCubes
Fig
Fig
Fig
Fillingthemoulds
Research
of
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(IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 11 Issue: 04 | Apr 2024 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
4.3 Splitting-Tensile Test (IS-5816-1999)
Thecastspecimenneedstobekeptsomewherebetween27° and 2°C for 24 hours, giving or taking 0.5 hours, after the waterisaddedtothedrymaterials.Subsequently,thesample needstobelabeled,takenoutofthemold,andimmediately immersedineitherrenewedwaterthathasbeeneviscerated or a elucidation of lime that has been soaked. Adjust the compressiontestingapparatustotherequiredrange.After positioning the specimen, place the plywood stripe on the lower plate. Over the sample, position the second piece of plywood.Lowerthetopplateuntilitisincontactwiththe plywoodstrip.Applytheloadcontinuouslyandshock-freeat aratebetween0.7and1.4MPa/min(1.2and2.4MPa/min according to IS 5816: 1999). At the end, record the infringementload(P).Finally,threesampleswillbecastand evaluatedforeachanalysis.Next,itwilloccupytheaverage tensile-strength.
5. RESULT
Table -2: AverageCompressive-StrengthofConcreteafter intercourse30.0%flyash,5.0%saw-dustand5.0% coconut-Shell.
Table -3: AverageCompressive-StrengthofConcreteafter intercourse30.0%flyash,
Table-4:AverageCompressive-StrengthofConcreteafter intercourse
and
Fig -5: PerformingSlumpConeTest
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 04 | Apr 2024 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
Table 5:AverageCompressive-StrengthofConcreteafter intercourse30.0%
Table 6:AverageCompressive-StrengthofConcreteafter intercourse
Table 8:ExperimentalResultsofSplitTensileTest
Table 7:ExperimentalResultsofslumpConeTest
Chart -1:CostComparisonforDifferentTypesofSamples Used
6. CONCLUSIONS
Fromthisstudy,thefollowingobservationsweremade:
1.Basedontheexperimentalworkitcanbeconcludedthat for7and28dayscuringupto20%ofsaw-dustandcoconut-
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 04 | Apr 2024 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
shell can be used in concrete because it provides good strength.ForCompressivestrengthsupto15%sawdustand coconutShellshowsgoodincrementintheresultswhereas for split tensile strength, up to 20.0% saw-dust, coconutshellreplacementcanbemadeinconcrete.
2. There is very minor decrement in the slump value of concretewhichcanbedeliberatedfortheconstructionwork. 3.Thesplittensilestrengthalsoincreasesupto20%andits valuedecreasesafterthatpercentage.
4. The period of concrete has no consequence on the compressive-strengthofconcrete.
5.Aswehavedonecostanalysisofthemodifiedcomposite whichisassociatedwiththenormalOPCconcreteinwhich the cost reduction is observed if we are using modified concretewhichmeansthatusingthisconcreteiseconomical asrelatedtonormalOPC.
6.Astheresultshowsthatwecanuse20%replacementasa material,soacostsavingofaboutRs.1400approximatelyis observedifweareconstructinga1m3work.
7.Sawdustexhibitsstrongstrengthbecauseofitssuperior adhesion,whichlimitsandabsorbsbreaksinthesolid.Fly ash's good pozzolonic characteristic also helps this mechanism.
8. In addition, the concrete exhibits superior compaction easeascomparedtothegovernormix.
9.Furthermore,theintroductionofsawdustintheconcrete also helps to diminish the improper dumping of the hard excessintolandfillsandtherebymakingtheconcretemore biodegradable.
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BIOGRAPHIES
Yasam Yash, Research Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, People'sUniversity,Bhopal(M.P.)