International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 04 | Apr 2024 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
Smart Agriculture: Soil Detection and Crop Prediction with Machine Learning
Mr.B.N.bansode, Raut Atharv Ketan, Divate Tejas Manoj, Mungase Vaishnavi Prafull,
Professor, Department of Electronics Engineering, AVCOE, Sangamner, Maharashtra, India. Students, AVCOE, Sangamner, Maharashtra, India
Abstract –
The aim of this project is to design and construct a versatile wireless multi-functional Automated tailored for Agriculture applications. Leveraging the capabilities of RaspberryPi,thisAutomationwillbeequippedwitharange offunctionalitiescrucialforvariousfarmingtasks,suchas reconnaissance,surveillance,communication,andsupport operationsinchallengingterrainsandenvironments.
Key Words: Radio Communication, IoT, Digital Farming, LiterateIndia,SmartFarming,LoRa.
1. INTRODUCTION
Inthisproject,we'reusingArduino,whichislikea tiny computer, to help us with farming. We've also got specialsensorsthatcantellusaboutthenutrientsinthesoil (NPK),aswellasthetemperatureandhumidityintheair. Thesesensorsarelikelittledetectivescollectingimportant information.Thefirststepisallaboutgatheringdata.Think ofitastakingnotesaboutwhat'shappeninginthesoiland aroundtheplants.Thesensorstellusifthesoilhasenough of the right nutrients, and if the weather is good for the plants. The second step is where the magic happens. We haveasmartcomputerprogramcalledamachinelearning model.Thiscleverprogramlooksatalltheinformationthe sensors collected. It's like a plant doctor that checks how healthytheplantsaregoingtobe.So,thebigideaisthatwe usetechnologytokeepaneyeonthesoilandweather,and this helps us figure out if the plants will grow strong and healthy. This is super important because healthy plants meanbettercrops,lesswaste,andahappierplanet.Inthe rest of the project, we'll explain how we set up all the gadgets,howwegatherdata,howthesmartprogramworks, andwhatwehopetoachieve.Bytheend,weaimtomake farmingsmarterandbetterforeveryone.
Thesignificanceofthisprojectliesinitspotentialto revolutionize the way we approach agriculture. By intelligentlymonitoringandassessingthevitalparameters thatinfluenceplantgrowth,wecanmakeinformeddecisions andtakeproactivemeasurestoensureoptimalconditions for plant development. This not only has the potential to boostcropyieldsbutalsoreducesresourcewastage,making it a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to agriculture.
2. Need and Necessity
2.1 Problems Faced by
2.1.1 Smart farming
2.2 Hurdlers to Develop the System
2.2.1 Reducing complexity
A versatile wireless multifunctional tailored for agricultureapplications.
2.1.2 Smart Computer Program
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 04 | Apr 2024 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
More Devices
Thisisanotherchallengetointerfacemoredevices withthemicrocontrolleri.e. Atmega-328P,DHT11sensor, NPKsensor,raspberrypi4b,lcd16*2display.
2.2.2Softwares
1.ApacheHTTPServer:
Itisusedtohostwebpages.Inourcase,itishostingtheUser InterfaceandLiveStreamLocalHTMLWebsite.
2.Node.js:
The JavaScript program is executed on this Platform. The JavaScript code is executed on the Server, which is in our caseRaspberryPi.
3.JavaScript:
The Application that controls the sensor is written in JavaScriptandworkstogetherwiththeHTMLWebpagethat is hosted by Apache Server. Any Activity on the Screen is captured by JavaScript and it takes respective control on sensors.
4.HTM:
HTMLisusedtocreatethewebpagethatisbeinghostedon ApacheServerinRaspberryPitoviewtheuserinterfaceand datafeed.HTMLisconnectedtoJavaScriptcoderunningon theserver.
3. Literature Review
AsofmylastknowledgeupdateinJanuary2022,Idon't haveaccesstospecificreal-timedatabases,soIcan'tprovide thelatestsurveysorresearchsmartagriculturalprojects. However, you can find relevant information by searching academicdatabases,journals,andconferenceproceedings.
IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar are good startingpointsforsuchresearch.
Lookforkeywordslike"InterfacingwithArduinowith NPK sensor," "Smart Agriculture using raspberry pi" or similar terms in your search. Additionally, conference proceedings from robotics conferences often feature the latestdevelopmentsinthisfield.
4. Methodology
4.1 Block Diagram
3.1 System Block Digarm
4.1.1 Essential System Components
4.1.1.1NPK Sensor
The soil npk sensor is suitable for detecting the contentofnitrogen,phosphorus,andpotassiuminthesoil, andjudgingthefertilityofthesoil.Therebyfacilitatingthe systematicevaluationofthesoilcondition.Canbeburiedin thesoilforalongtime,resistanttolong-termelectrolysis, corrosion resistance, vacuum potting, and completely waterproof.Soilnpksensorsarewidelyusedinsoilnitrogen, phosphorusandpotassiumdetection,precisionagriculture, forestry.
4.1 NPK Sensor
4.1.1.2Arduino Uno
Arduino UNO is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P.Ithas14digitalinput/outputpins(ofwhich6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramicresonator,aUSBconnection,apowerjack,anICSP headerandaresetbutton.ArduinoUNOisamicrocontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It has 14 digital input/outputpins(ofwhich6canbeusedasPWMoutputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection,apowerjack,anICSPheaderandaresetbutton.
Figure
Fig
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 04 | Apr 2024 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
16*2 LCD Display
An LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and has a wide range of applications.A16x2LCDdisplayisverybasicmoduleandis verycommonlyusedinvariousdevicesandcircuits.A16x2 LCDmeansitcandisplay16charactersperlineandthere are2suchlines.InthisLCDeachcharacterisdisplayedin 5x7 pixel matrix. The 16 x 2 intelligent alphanumeric dot matrix display is capable of displaying 224 different charactersandsymbols.ThisLCDhastworegisters,namely, CommandandData.
4.1.1.4
The DHT11 sensor can either be purchased as a sensororasamodule.Eitherway,theperformanceofthe sensorissame.Thesensorwillcomeasa4-pinpackageout ofwhichonlythreepinswillbeusedwhereasthemodule willcomewiththreepinsasshownabove.
Theonlydifferencebetweenthesensorandmoduleisthat the module will have a filtering capacitor and pull-up resistor inbuilt, and for the sensor, you have to use them externallyifrequired.
Theaimofthisprojectistodesignandconstructa versatile wireless multi-functional automated tailored for Agriculture applications. Leveraging the capabilities of RaspberryPi,thisautomationwillbeequippedwitharange offunctionalitiescrucial forvariousmilitarytasks,suchas reconnaissance, surveillance, communication, and support operationsinchallengingterrainsandenvironments
The significance of this project lies in its potential to revolutionize the way we approach agriculture. By intelligentlymonitoringandassessingthevitalparameters thatinfluenceplantgrowth,wecanmakeinformeddecisions andtakeproactivemeasurestoensureoptimalconditionsfor plantdevelopment.Thisnotonlyhasthepotentialtoboost cropyieldsbutalsoreducesresourcewastage,makingita sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to agriculture
4.2 Circuit Diagram
Figure 4.4 Schematic diagram
Figure 4.2 Arduino Uno
4.1.1.3
Figure 4.3 LCD 16*2 Display
DHT11 Sensor
Figure 4.4 DHT11 Sensor
4.1.2 Working Principle
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 04 | Apr 2024 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
6. Conclusion
1.EnhancedCropManagementandEfficiency:
Precision Farming: Smart agriculture enables precise monitoring and management of crop health parameters, optimizingirrigation,fertilization,andpestcontrolpractices. This leads to increased crop yield and improved resource efficiency.
Data-DrivenDecisions:Leveragingmachinelearningfor predictiveanalyticsanddecisionsupportallowsfarmersto makeinformeddecisionsbasedonreal-timeandhistorical data,contributingtoimprovedcropmanagementstrategies.
2.SustainableAgriculturePractices:
Resource Conservation: Smart agriculture technologies promote sustainable practices by minimizing resource wastage, reducing the environmental impact of farming operationsthroughoptimizedresourceusage,andpromoting soilandwaterconservation.
Reduced Chemical Usage: Targeted application of fertilizersandpesticidesbasedonsensordataandpredictive analytics reduces the dependency on agrochemicals, promotingenvironmentallyfriendlyfarmingpractices.
3. Improved Crop Health Monitoring and Disease Management:
Early Detection: Utilizing machine learning and image analysishelpsintheearlydetectionofcropdiseasesandpest infestations,allowingfortimelyinterventionsandminimizing croplosses.
Thefinalproductdevelopedisfoundhelpfulforthefarmers. Thissystemisconsumeslowpowerandcanmeasurevarious parameters like Temperature, Humidity , Moisture and others.
The farmers are feels relaxed and their stress is reduced in some bit. Farmers did not required to visit the farm for small cases he can monitor the farm also he can monitorthewindspeedwhichwillhelpwhilespreadingthe pesticides.
REFERENCES
1.Smith, A. B., & Smart, D. R. (2015). "An Arduino-based monitoringsystemforpredictingenvironmentalconditions in plantations." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 112,22-29.
2.Pérez-Expósito,J.,&López-Santidrián,L.(2018)."Areview of Internet of Things for smart home: Challenges and solutions."JournalofSensors,2018
3.Kaur,A.,&Sood,S.K.(2016)."Monitoringenvironmental parameters in precision agriculture using wireless sensor network: A review." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,123,399-411
4.Ren, Z., Xiong, J., & Liu, G. (2019). "Machine learning applicationsinagriculture."InProceedingsofthe20193rd InternationalConferenceonComputerScienceandArtificial Intelligence(CSAI2019)(pp.25-29)
5.Barbedo, J.G. (2019)."A review on theuseof drones for precisionagriculture."RemoteSensing,11(6),1399
6.Rasheed, A., & Qamar, U. (2019). "A review on plant diseasesidentificationusingmachinelearningtechniques." ComputersandElectronicsinAgriculture,161,272-281
7.Khamparia,A.,Pandey,B.,&Gupta,D.(2018)."Internetof Things(IoT):Areviewofenablingtechnologies,challenges, andopenresearchissues."JournalofNetworkandComputer Applications,86,222-251
8.Arduino official website and documentation: https://www.arduino.cc
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Wewouldliketotakethisopportunitytoexpressour respectanddeepgratitudetoourguideDr.B.N.Bansode,for giving us all necessaryguidance required, forthisproject, apart for being constant source of inspiration and motivation.Itwasourprivilegetohaveworkedunderhim.
WearethankfultoH.O.D.Dr.S.B.Rahane&PrincipalDr.M. A. Venkatesh for the regular guidance, co-operation, encouragementandkindhelp.Wearealsothankfultoallthe facultymembersandstaffofthedepartmentfortheirkind supportandcooperationduringtheprojectwork.
We are highly obligated to our entire friends, whose contributionintellectuallyandmateriallyinthewordsand deeds for preparation of this Seminar report. We are also
Figure 4.5 Actual diagram
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 04 | Apr 2024 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Mr. B.N.Bansode(Asst. Prof.
thankfultoallourteachingandnon-teachingstafffortheir enormoussupport. Electronics Engineering Dept. AVCOE)
Mr RautAtharvKetan (B.E Electronics,AVCOE)
Mr.DivateTejasManoj (B.E.Electronics,AVCOE)
Miss.MungaseVaishnaviPrafull (B.E.Electronics,AVCOE)
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