Enhanced Battery Management : Thermal Propagation Protection Strategies by IRJET Journal

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 11 Issue: 04 | Apr 2024 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Enhanced Battery Management : Thermal Propagation Protection Strategies

Pradeep Yogi

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

NRI Institute of Information Science & Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India -***

Abstract - Battery management and thermal propagation protection are critical aspects in the development of robust and reliable energy storage systems. As the demand for efficient and high-performance batteries continues to grow across various industries, the need for advanced strategies to enhance battery management and mitigate thermal propagationrisksbecomesincreasinglyparamount.Inrecent years, battery technology has advanced revolutionized numerous sectors, including electric vehicles, renewable energy storage, and portable electronic .But these developments also present a challenge in terms of managing thecomplexinterplaybetweenperformanceoptimizationand safety concerns, particularly regarding thermal issues. Thermal propagation is the quick dispersion of heat in a battery, poses a serious threat to its integrity and overall safety.This involves the integration of sophisticated control algorithms and monitoring systems that actively regulate charging, discharging, and overall battery health. A pivotal aspect of this strategy is the incorporation of thermal propagation protection mechanisms. .This introduction sets thestagefor a deeperexploration ofthe keycomponents and methodologies employed in enhanced battery management with a focus on thermal propagation protection.

Keywords : ThermalPropagationProtection,Battery ManagementSystem,ThermalManagement,Energy StorageSystem,StateofCharge

1. INTRODUCTION

[1] Paper 1, Explores a dual functionality battery thermal design.Theauthorsinvestigateanovelapproachtodelay batterythermalrunawaypropagationtime,emphasizingthe integrationofphasechangematerialandpyroblocklining. [2] The authors delved into the intricacies of this field, providinginsightsintocrucialaspectsofelectricvehicle technology.Theirworkservesasafoundationalresourcefor understandinganddevelopingeffectivestrategiesinbattery thermal management. [3] The intricate interplay between electrochemicalprocessesandthermalbehavior,aimingto enhancebatteryperformanceandsafety.Thepaperdelves into the complexities of battery temperature regulation,

presenting a comprehensive analysis that contributes to advancements in battery technology.[4] challenges and insights related to thermal safety in lithium-ion batteries. Theauthorsdelveintocurrentissuessurroundingthermal managementandprovideperspectivesonenhancingsafety measures. The study contributes valuable insights to the ongoing discourse on battery safety, a critical aspect of advancingenergystoragetechnologies.[5]comprehensive methodology for designing Battery Management Systems (BMS) with a focus on functional safety in automotive lithium-based batteries. They explore key aspects such as reliability, fault detection, and mitigation strategies, contributingvaluableinsightstothefieldofelectricvehicle safety. [6] existing safety strategies, emphasizing the paramountimportanceofaddressingsafetyconcernsinthe rapidlyevolvingfieldofenergystorage.[7]enhancesafety measures, aiming to mitigate the risks associated with thermal runaway events. The results illuminated the possibilitiesoftheseinterstitialmaterialsinsuppressingand controlling thermal propagation within battery modules, contributingvaluableinsightstothefieldofbatterysafety. [8] Prior research has focused on identifying overchargeinducedrisks,suchasthermalinstabilityandpotentialfire hazards.haveexploredvariousmethodologiesforpredicting andpreventingthermalrunawayinlithium-ionbatteries.[9] Prior research has focused on identifying overchargeinducedrisks,suchasthermalinstabilityandpotentialfire hazards.haveexploredvariousmethodologiesforpredicting andpreventingthermalrunawayinlithium-ionbatteries. [10]Explorethecriticaldomainofthermalrunawaywarning inlithiumironphosphatebatteriesusedforenergystorage. Focusing on a safety management system, the authors presentinsightsandmethodologiestoaddresstheinherent risksassociatedwiththesebatteries.[11]Theintegrationof temperaturemonitoringandfireprotectionmechanismsis pivotalforensuringthesafetyandoptimalperformanceof electricvehiclebatteries.Thisstudyaddsvaluableinsightsto the ongoing research in the field, emphasizing the significanceofadvancedBMSfeaturesfortheefficientand secureoperationofelectricvehicles.[12]Theauthors meticulouslyexplorevariousdimensionsofBMS,offering

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 11 Issue: 04 | Apr 2024 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

insights into its functionalities, challenges, and advancements. The comprehensive overview and developmentsinBMStechnology,sheddinglightonitsrole in enhancing the performance, efficiency, and lifespan of electricvehiclebatteries.

2. METHODOLOGY

A. System architecture and design

The enhanced battery management system integrates advancedthermalmonitoringandcontrolmechanisms.The

core components include temperature sensors, a Micro controller. Sure, designing a Battery Management System (BMS)forthermalpropagationprotectioninvolvesseveral keycomponents:

Fig.-1: SystemArchitectureofEnhancedbatterymanagementsystemforthermalPropagationprotectionstrategy

1. Temperature Sensors:-

Integratetemperaturesensors(NTC)withinthebattery packtomonitorindividualcelltemperatures

- Usehigh-precisionsensorstoensureaccurate Temperature.

- Usehigh-precisionsensorstoensureaccuratetemperature readings.

2. Control Unit :

-Implementacentralcontrolunitresponsibleforprocessing temperaturedata.

- Utilize a microcontroller or FPGA to manage real-time decisions.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 11 Issue: 04 | Apr 2024 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

3. Communication Interface:

- Establish a communication interface (e.g., CAN bus) to facilitate data exchange between the BMS and external devices.

-Enableremotemonitoringandcontrolcapabilities.

4. Voltage Monitoring:

-Includevoltagemonitoringcircuitrytotrackindividualcell voltages.

- Implement algorithms to detect overvoltage and under voltageconditions.

- Provide diagnostic information to facilitate troubleshooting..

5. Current Monitoring:

-Integratecurrentmonitoringcircuitrytomeasurecharging anddischargingcurrents.

-Implementsafeguardstopreventovercurrentsituations.

6. State of Charge (SOC) Estimation:

-DevelopalgorithmsforaccurateSOCestimationbasedon voltage,current,andtemperaturedata.

-Usesophisticatedmodelstoaccountforbatteryagingand temperatureeffectsonSOC.

7. Safety Disconnect:

- Include a safety disconnect mechanism to isolate the batteryfromthesystemincaseofcriticalfaults.

-Ensurefail-safedesignstopreventunintendeddisconnects.

8. Energy Balancing:

- Implement energy balancing circuits to equalize charge/dischargeamongindividualcells.-Enhanceoverall packperformanceandlongevity.

9. Software Architecture:

-Developrobustandmodularsoftwarearchitectureforthe BMS.

-Includefailovermechanismsanderrorhandlingtoenhance systemreliability.

10. User Interface:

-Provideauserinterfaceformonitoringsystemparameters andreceivingalerts.

11. Redundancy:

-Incorporate redundancy in critical components for increasedreliability.

-Implementbackupsystemstohandlefailuresgracefully.

12. Documentation:

-Maintaincomprehensivedocumentationcoveringsystem architecture,designrationale,andoperationalguidelines.

13. Thermal Management:

-Implementathermalmanagementsystemtoregulatethe batterytemperature.

-Includecoolingsystems(e.g.,fans,liquidcooling)activated basedontemperaturereadings.

14. Fault Detection and Diagnostics:

-Integratefaultdetectionmechanismstoidentifyandisolate malfunctioningcells

15. Compliance and Standards:

-Ensurecompliancewithrelevantsafetystandardsand

-Ensurecompliancewithrelevantsafetystandardsand regulationsforbatterysystems.

-Conductthoroughtestingandvalidationtomeetindustry requirements.

16. Redundancy :

- Incorporate redundancy in critical components for increasedreliability.

-Implementbackupsystemstohandlefailuresgracefully.

3. RESULT DISCUSSION

ThiscomprehensiveapproachaimstocreateaBMSthat effectivelymonitors,manages,andprotectsabatterypack fromthermalpropagationandrelatedsafetyissues.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 11 Issue: 04 | Apr 2024 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Material Required:

1.HeatingCoil/Filament.

2.DCPowerSupply.

3.DataLogger.

4.Thermocouples.

5.CANToolforCommunicationwiththeBattery

Step – 2 Prepare Test Setup

ConnectthePowersupplytothecoilterminalsandwritethe programfor100Wpower.supplyintheIT9000Application. Voltage=25V,A=4.0Afor10mins.

6.BatteryModule/PackPreparedforthethermal Propagationtest.

Step – 1 Prepare the Module or Battery Pack forthe test.

ConnecttheBMStothePCMasterwiththeCANtool.Verify theCanCommunicationestablishedornot

.OnceCANCommunicateditdisplayalltheBMSdataasshow below.

Fig–2:TargetedCellTopCorner,CenterandBottomCorner

Fig-3: Bi-directionalPowerSupplydelivering>100WPower

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 11 Issue: 04 | Apr 2024 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Step – 3 Pre-test requirements/verification

Batterypackfullycharged>90%.

Step – 4

Test Procedure

A.Runthepowersupplyprogramof100Wpowertothecoil

–

: Powersupplyprogramof100Wpowertothecoil

Fig–4: BMSdataobservationinPCmaster

Fig-5: Thermocouplestemperaturesinthedataloggerapplication

Fig

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Shouldperformasperthebelowlogic:

–8: BMSalarmbuzzerlogicwiththermaleventprocessflow

Fig–7: Buzzerperformancegraph

B. BMSBuzzer

Fig

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 11 Issue: 04 | Apr 2024 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

4. CONCLUSIONS

The implementation of an enhanced Battery Management System (BMS) incorporating MOSFET-based isolation for load connection proves to be a crucial advancement in ensuring the safety and reliability of battery systems. The MOSFET-based isolation effectively isolates the load from thebatteryduringthermalrunwaytests,mitigatingtherisk ofthermalrunawaypropagationandpotentialcatastrophic failures.BMS performed as per buzzer alarm logic, buzzer clearlyaudible.Alarm arevisibleonthe PCMaster screen through CAN Communication and LED also indicate . Through comprehensive analysis and simulation, this test hasprovidedvaluableinsightsintothethermalbehaviorof batteries under diverse conditions. The integration of advanced protection mechanisms enhances the overall resilience of batteries, safeguarding against thermal propagation and potential cascading failures. This comprehensive approach aligns with the industry's continuouseffortstoaddresssafetyconcerns,fosteringthe developmentofmorerobustanddependableenergystorage solutions.

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