International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 04 | Apr 2024 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
A REVIEW PAPER ON JALTANTRA: A SOFTWARE USED FOR OPTIMIZATION OF WATER DISTRIBUTION IN UNDERDEVELOPED AREAS
Ms. Sharvari Bhaisare1, Ms. Pranali.G.Borkar2, Mr. Aryan Kollepara3, Mr. Umesh Nakhate4 , Mr. Harsh Kelzarkar5, Mr. Akshay Akare6, Mr. Rajat. S.Yadav7
UG Students, Department of Civil Engineering, Kavikulguru Institute Of Technology and Science1,2,3,4,5,6 , Asst. Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Kavikulguru Institute Of Technology and Science7 ***
Abstract - Designing a water distribution system necessitates balancing various factors, and accommodating large investments to manage both future and current water demands while focusing on fixed budget constraints. However, the manual design process often results in overwhelming due to the huge volume of work involved. Understanding this challenge, developing an innovative water distribution system became essential. Many existing systems are either outdated or financially unfeasible. Consequently, Jaltantra, an open technology platform, was created by scholars from IIT Bombay collaborating with engineers from Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran (MJP). The software aims for holistic adoption in academia as well as government sectors. Jaltantra`s algorithm for optimization takes into account pipe and energy costs, with future iterations set to involve GIS-based demand allocations and various data visualization techniques. This review paper assesses Jaltantra`s capabilities through a detailed study of numerous research papers, highlighting its efficacy in optimizing water distribution systems efficiently.
Key Words: Jaltantra, water distribution system, Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran, pipe diameter, cost optimization, water demand.
1.INTRODUCTION
GovernmentbodiesinIndiafacearedoubtablechallenge;ensuringcitizensreceivehigh-qualitydrinkingwaterwhileadhering tobudgetconstraints. This dilemma oftenleaves engineersgrappling withinadequatetoolsthat prioritize pipe diameter selectionbutoverlookothercrucialelementsofthewaterdistributionsystem.Consequently,muchofthedesignprocessrelies onimpromptumethodsortheengineer`sintuition.Toaddressthisissue,Jaltnatrawasdevelopedtoaidgovernmentengineers indeterminingvariouscomponentsofwaternetworks,suchastanks,pumps,valves,andpipediameters.Byimplementingan integer linear program model, Jaltantra delivers optimized, efficient and streamlined design processes ensuring accurate results. The engineers of Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran (MJP), were tasked with developing multi-village piped water distributioninMaharashtra.Withaworkforceexceeding1500engineers,theMJPfacescomplexdecision-makingprocesses thatsignificantlyimpactprojectcosts.Overseeingthedesignofmorethan11,000ruralwaterdistributionschemes,theMJP alignseachdesignwithgovernment-mandatedbudgetstoensureaffordabilityandservicequality.Traditionally,gravity-fed branchednetworksarefavouredovercyclicnetworksduetotheircost-effectivenessandtheunreliabilityofelectricitysupply. Despitedecadesofresearchoncostoptimization,existingsoftwaretoolslikeBRANCH,EPANET,andWaterGEMSprimarily focusonpipediameterselection,oftenneglectingcriticalcomponents.Jaltantraaddressesthislimitationbyenhancingcost optimizationforpipesandtanks,withongoingimprovementsaimedatincorporatingpumpsandvalveswhileconsideringboth capitalandoperationalcosts.
2. REVIEW OF MODELLING SOFTWARE
TheJaltantrasoftwareIntegratesmultipleaspectsofnetworkdesigningincludingimportantparameterslikegeographicdata populationdistributionandwaterdemandwhileaddingconstraintssuchasbudgetlimitationsandterraincharacteristics.By usingsophisticatedoptimizationalgorithmslikeintegratedlinearprogrammingJaltantraprocessesthisdatatofindoptimal solutionsconsideringfactorslikepipediameterpumplocationsandstoragetimecapacitiestoreducecostwhilealigningwith thespecifiedrequirementssuchasbudgetconstraints.Itssignificantadvantageliesinthecapacitytoheuristicallyoptimisecost factoringinthecapitalandenergycostsassociatedwiththeinfrastructure.Bycarefullyselectingtheoptimaldesignalternatives andprovidingtheintuitivevisualizationandanalysistoolJaltantrahelpsengineersandplannersindevelopingaveryefficient waterdistributionnetworkitsfeaturehelpssustainabilitypromoteenhancedefficiencyandoffersauser-friendlyinterface contributingtoimprovedwatermanagementpractisesinlong-termsustainability.
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 04 | Apr 2024 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
3. LITERATURE REVIEW
1. Dr. G. Venkata Ramana, et al. (2015):ThispaperconcentratesonoptimisingwaterdistributioninChowdhuruAndhra PradeshusingEPANET.ThemethodologyMethodologyincludescreatingadesignbasedoncollectedoravailabledataextracting thenetworklayoutfromAutocadEPANET,andcalculatingthetotaldemandfromareservoirthroughhydraulicschemedesign. Ethernetisusedeffectivelyaimingtoenhancetheefficiencyoftheruralwaterdistributionsystemnotingthespecificneedsof theYSRKadapadistrictinAndhraPradeshthemethodologyincludedanalysingthedistributionnetworkwhichconsistedof50 threepipesofthesamematerialwith49junctionsonetankandonesourcereservoirfromwhichwaterisproducedtothe elevatedreservoirtheresidualpressureatallthenodeswasobservedtobegreaterthan7.00metremakingthefloweasierthe internaldiameterwasassumedof63.50mmTobesufficienttobearthepressurefortheentirenetwork.Designnetworkcould alsowithstandfor5%increaseinpopulationinsteadof1%.
2 Mr. Mominah Ajaz, et al (2023):Thisstudyoptimisesthewaterdistributionsystem (WDS) attheUniversityofKashmir inHazratbhulIndiausingaquantitativeapproachandvarioussoftwaretools.Thestudyinvolvesdatacollectiononcampus populationandgroundwaterdepthandemploysEPANETforhydraulicmodellingtoenhancetheWDSefficiencythisstudy proposesanoptimalreplacementdesignfortheUniversityofKashmir’soutdatedwaterdistributionsystemservingforover60 years. The design prioritises a study of 17-metre pressure heads at all nodes eliminating the need for pressure walls and reducingcostsitmaintainssafeflowvelocitiesinpipesandassessessystemperformanceviatheTotalperformanceindex(TPI). Costoptimizationisachievedthroughminorpipediameteradjustments.
3. Ms. Ashwini Gajbhiye, et al. (2017) :Thepaperrepresentsthedifferentmethodsofleaguedetectionandtheadvantages ofusingEPANETforleakmodelling.Themethodologyisthattheycreateahydraulicmodelofthewaterdistributionsystem usingEPANETnexttheyestimatethebackgroundleakagerateforthesystemfinallytheyaddleakstothemodelatdifferent locations and sizes and stimulate and simulate the system to determine the impact of the leaks on the water supply and distribution.Theyfoundthatthebackgroundleakagerateforthesystemwas10%.Theyalsofoundthattheadditionofleaksto the system can significantly reduce the water supply and increase the pressure fluctuations in the system. The hydraulic modellingofthestudyarea'swaterdistributionsystemusingEPANETwassuccessfulandvalidatedusingreal-timepressure data demonstrating that the system operated under significant pressure however EPANET couldn’t independently model leakagesresultingintheidentificationof10high-probabilityleakagepoints.Themodelstruggledtosimulate40%leakage leading to negative pressure and inability to operate for 24 hours the system's allowable leakage percentage using water distributionwasdeterminedtobe10%.
4. Ms. Mohini M. Dumane,et al. (2018): Themethodologyinvolvesthesystematicanalysisofmethodsandprinciplesina field providing a theoretical foundation forselecting suitable methods or breast practisesin specific cases not necessarily offeringsolutionsthisprojectaddressesglobalwaterscarcityaimingtoenhancewatersupplyefficiencyreduceleakageimprove maintenanceandoptimisecostsinexistingwatersupplycurrentstudyaimstocreatetocreateanefficientwaterdistribution networkforthebarcoderegionitwasidentifiedthattheexistingstoragecapacityoftheESRinWageshwarisinadequate.This issueandtomeetthewaterdemandoftheBakoriregionanewwaterdistributionnetworkisproposed.Theplanisreadyfor implementationtoensureeffectivewaterdistributionwithamplepressure.
5. Ms. G. Anisha, et al. (2016): Designingwatersupplyandsanitationschemesrequiresaccuratepopulationprojections consideringfactorslikebirths,deaths,migrationandannexationvariousmethodslikearithmeticalincreaseandmasterplan approachinpopulationforecasting.Waterdemandtypesincludedomestic,industrial,institutional,commercial,publicuse,fire demandandlosscompensation.Systemscanbegravitypumpingordualwithlayoutslikedead-endgardenscircularorradial watersupplycanbecontinuousorintermittentEPANETisacomputermodelanalysisofwaterdistributionnetworkscalculating flowratesandhydraulicgradelinesatnodes.ThecurrentdistributionnetworkinChiralamunicipality,Comprisingfivezonesis insufficientforfuturedemands2041.theexistingcapacityof15.44MLDfallsshortfortherequired19.08MLD.Toaddressthis two2MLDreservoirsareproposedtosupplementdemand.Networkalliancewiththetown’sfutureexpansionandincludestwo additionalzonesforreservoirconstructions.
6. Mr. Athulya T. ,et al. (2020):ThisstudyareaAnjanaKhandiGrammarPanchayatisinKundurKeralaitcovers15.36 squarekilometresandincludespartsofAnjarakhandiandPanayathamparamba.Thewaterdistributionnetworkwasmodelled usingGoogleEarthandEPANET.Ninefactorslikepipelayoutdiameterandroughnesswereconsideredunpopulationforecasting wasusedfordemandestimation.TheHardyCrossmethodwasappliedtooptimiseflowwithinaloopthewaterdistribution networkinAnjarkandiGramaPanchayat,KeralawassuccessfullydesignedandanalysedusingEpanetSoftwareandtheHardy Cross method incorporates a combined gravity and pumping system ensuring inadequate pressure and slow through the network.TheefficiencyandaccuracyofEPANETmakeitpreferableovermanualmethodslikeHardyCrossespeciallyforlarge scalenetworkspromptingtheKeralaWaterAuthoritytoadoptitastherecommendedtoolforwaterdistributionsystemdesign.
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 04 | Apr 2024 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
7. Mr. R. R. Bhosale, et al. (2022): KusgaonPMVillagelocatedinPuneDistrictIndiaexperiencesanelevationof612metres aboveMSRwithanaveragetemperaturerangingfrom18degreesCelsiusto33degreesCelsius.Openflowswatergemssoftware aidsininfrastructureplanningprovidingtoolsforsystemreliabilityoptimisedoperationandassetrenewaldecisions.Population growthisprojectedusinga4.56%growthratewithdemandcalculationsindicatingsufficientstoragecapacity.Themethodology involvesareaselectiondatacollectionanalysissoftwaremodellinganddesign.Theproject’sprimaryobjectivewastocreatea water distribution network. Although the reservoir`s capacity was adequate a new distribution network was required. Challenges encounteredduringmodellingincludeddata inputaccuracyanddefining project-specific outputrequirements. Ultimatelythemodelwasoptimisedforcosteffectiveness.
8. Mr. Rai, et al. (2017): TheHardyCrossmethodforloopednetworkanalysisinvolvesseveralsteps.Initially,nodesand pipelinksarenumberedandcontinuityequationsareappliedtocalculateinitialpipedischarges,calculatingkeyvaluesand applyingloopdischargecorrectionstheprocesscontinuesuntilcorrectionsarewithinallowablelimitsorheadlossesaresmall. ThecontrastusingEPANETforhydraulicnetworkanalysisinvolvesdrawingandeditingthenetworkspecifyingoperational detailsrunninghydraulic analysisandreviewingresultstheanalysisofa 4-loophydraulic network usingtheHardyCross methodrevealedthatpermissibleresultswereachievedinthe4thiterationmeetingthecriteriaofsummation∑HL≤ 0.150 metreswhileacceptableresultswereattainedinthe10thiterationwithsummation∑HL≤0.0001metres.Thisstudyidentified fluctuationsinpressureheadsamongthe9junctionsandfoundthatincreasingpipediameteroraddingboosterpumpscould addressnegativepressureheadissuesintermsofpipesthestudyfoundaclosematchbetweenactualandEthernetcomputed flowratesandheadlossvalues.
9. Mr. Suryakant I. Jadhav, et al. (2018):InthispapertherelevantdatawasgatheredfromChalisgaoMunicipalCouncil. Then they calculated water demand using appropriate methods and proceeded to map to study area using Google Earth subsequentlyallthecollecteddatawasimportedintoWaterGEMSsoftwareleveragingthecapabilitiesofWaterGEMS.Utilised thedesignertooltooptimisethedesignofthewaterdistributionnetwork.Theyconductedsimulationswithinwatergemsto derive an optimal solution for the pipe distribution network ensuring an efficient and effective water supply system. The researchfindingsindicateseveralkeypoints.Muslimthecensusdatarevealsthatthecurrentwaterdemandisinsufficientto catertotheexistingpopulations.DelhiCommandTransitioningfromintermittenttocontinuouswatersupplynecessitiesof additionalelevatedstoragereservoirsinthenewzones.ZoningtheentirecityofChalisgaonintoeightzonesbasedonelevation andpopulationdensitywasaccomplished.Asleeptoensurecontinuouswatersupplyitisimperativetoreplaceoldpipesinareas wheredemandisinfluencedbypopulationgrowth.
4. CRITICAL LITERATURE REVIEW
Insummary,thesestudiespresentedcollectivelyImplythepressingneedfortheoverhaulandoptimizationofageingwater distributionnetworkstoaccommodatebothcurrentandfuturedemandstheseinvestigationsrevealseveralcrucialfindingssuch asarequirementforincreasedstoragecapacitytheimportanceoffine-tuningpipediametersandtheadoptionofsophisticated modelling tools like Epanet, Water GEMS and Jaltantra for precise system design and evaluation. These studies imply the significance of addressing population growth and transitioning from intermittent to uninterrupted water supply often necessitatingtheconstructionofadditionalelevatedstoragereservoirsinnewareas.Successfulzoningstrategiesbasedon elevationandpopulationdensityhavebeenimplementedtoensureconsistentwaterdelivery.Ultimatelythesefindingsstress theurgencyofproactiveplanningandinvestmenttocreateanefficientresilientwaterdistributionsystemcapableofmeetingthe evolvingneedsofthecommunitiestheyserve.
5. CONCLUSIONS
1. Afterconductingthisextensivecomparativestudyitbecameevidentthatvariousfactorsareresponsiblefortheselectionof aneffectivewaterdistributionsystemsoftwaresuchastheavailabilityofsoftwarecompatibilityuser-friendlydescriptionand applicationofoptimalmethods.
2. Asaccuracyandprecisionareofprimeimportancethespeedincalculatingtheresultsarealsoofsameimportancetheyare anapplicationswithsuchcapabilitiesareindemand.
3. Asanopen-sourcesolutionJaltantraisoftenmorecost-effectivethancommercialsoftwarelikeWaterGemsmakingit particularlysuitableforprojectslikelimitedbudgets.
4. AsanopensourcesolutionJaltantracanbetailoredtolocalneedsandconditionsmakingitmoresuitableforregionswith uniquewatermanagementchallengesorspecificregulations.
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 04 | Apr 2024 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
5. Thoughmostofthesoftwarehavealmosteveryfeaturewhichisrequiredtodesignanoptimalwaterdistributionnetwork thefreepublicdomainavailabilityiswhatthatmakesJaltantraaninevitablechoice.
REFERENCES
[1] Dr.G.VenkataRamana,etal.(2015)“NetworkanalysisofwaterdistributionsysteminruralareasusingEPANET.”
[2] Mr.MominahAjaz,etal (2023)“ApplicationofEPANETSoftwareandJal-TantraWebSystemforOptimalHydraulicDesign ofWaterDistributionSystemforUniversityofKashmir“
[3] Ms.AshwiniGajbhiye,etal.(2017)”ModelingLeakageinWaterDistributionSystemUsingEPANET.”
[4] Ms.MohiniM.Dumane, etal.(2018)”WaterdistributionnetworkbyusingWATERGEMSsoftware.”
[5] Ms.G.Anisha,etal.(2016)”AnalysisandDesignofWaterDistributionNetworkUsingEPANETforChiralaMunicipalityin PrakasamDistrictofAndhraPradesh.”
[6] Mr.AthulyaT.,etal(2020)“DesignofwaterdistributionnetworkusingEPANET.”
[7] Mr.R.R.Bhosale,etal.(2022)“DesignofWaterDistributionNetworkusingWaterGEMSSoftware.”
[8] Mr.Rai,etal.(2017)“AnalysisofhydraulicnetworkusingHARDY-CROSSMethodandEPANET.”
[9] Mr. Suryakant I. Jadhav,et al. (2018) “Experimental investigation by WaterGEMS software for redesign of water distributionsystem.”