Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic Design

Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic Design

Kanchanmani Poudel

Department of Civil Engineering

Roorkee Institute of Technology, Roorkee

ABSTRACT:

TheseismicdesignoftheframebuildingproposedinthisprojectisbasedonISl893-2OO2andIS8OO.Theaimofthepresent project is to determine the multi-storey and multi-bay (G+5) building frame according to seismic forces. It was designed accordingtoISl893andlaterIS8OO:2OO7.Theframeissix-fold,withthreepartitionsinthehorizontaldirectionandfive partitionsinthehorizontaldirection.Theselectionofasegmentdependsonanumberofcriteria.Thetwomethodsusedfor analysisaretheequivalentstaticchargemethodandtheresponsespectrummethod.

The results obtained from the two methods were compared in terms of storey displacement, storey displacement and foundationshear.FrameswerealsoanalyzedwithP-ΔanalysisandtimetocorrectforIBCcode.Then,basedonthisanalysis process,atime-resistantsteelframewasdesignedaccordingtoIS-8OO:2OO7.Checkthedesignagainandcomparetheresults bymaterial.

Thecost-effectivenessofthetwomethodswascompared.Finally,theconnectionbetweentheinsideandoutsideoftheframeis createdandcalculated.Inaddition,theconstructionofthebaseplatefoundationconformstoIS8OO:2OO7.Thesoftwareused foranalysisanddesignisSTAADPRO.Adequatebibliographyandcomparisonshavebeenmadeduringbothdesignandreview.

KEYWORDS:Frame,SeismicLoad,Multi-storey,Multi-bay.

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. General

Today,thefirstfloorsofmanyurbanmulti-storeybuildingsinIndiaareopenasadefensemechanism.Thisisimportantto preventmefromwritingthemainstory'sentree.Althoughallseismicpatternsduringanearthquakehaveanegativeperiod, theseismiccycleisnotindependentofthemagnitudeandspreadoftheearthquake.

Thebehaviorofstructuresduringanearthquakefoundationdependsontheoverallshape,sizeandgeometry,regardlessof howtheearthquakeforceistransmittedtotheground.Earthquakeforceoccursindifferentfloorsandstructuresandshouldbe brought to the ground in the easiest way; any variation or combination or movement will cause its structure to show a dangerousresult.

Amodelwithavertical view(liketheservicemodel,hasawiderstorythantheothers)willcauseanearthquake,feature shakinginsize.Astructurethathasnocracksorsplitsinacertainpastwillcreatedamageanddestructionineverypast. Duringthe2OOlBhujearthquake,manybuildingsinGujaratwerepreparedtopreventcollapseorseriousdamage.Inthe middleofthestory,thereisastructurewithapartthatisfloatingorfloatingontheionicline,andthisstructureiswrong,there isaninconsistencyinthatstructure.

TheIndianSubcontinenthasearthquakesmarkedinthebackground.

ThereasonbehindthisistheintensityandfrequencyofseismictremorsastheIndianplateslammedintoAsiaat47mmper year.Anotherstudynotedthattheearthquakehadamagnitudeof8.5orgreaterwhenithitthefocalpointoftheHimalayas.

Suchiaiseismicitremoricouldimurderioriharmiaihugeinumberiofiindividualsiseparatedifromicausing inever-seen iannihilationiiniUttarakhandiandiHimachaliPradesh.iQuakesifariandiwideiareiwithoutianyihelpiinichargeiofithe idecimationitoilifeiandipropertyiinienormousinumbers.iSoiasitoialleviateisuchiperils,iitiisicriticalitoiconsolidate istandardsithatiwilliimproveitheiseismicipresentationiofistructures.

As iindicated iby ithe iSeismic iZoning iMap iof iIS il893:2OO2, iIndia iis iisolated iinto ifive iseismic izones, iin iclimbing irequestiofiaispecificizoneifactoriwhichiisiappointeditoithemibasedionitheiriseismicipower..i

Thei4-storyiRCiStructureibeingibrokeidowniinithisispecificiventureiisitheiprivateistructureiofRoorkeeiwhichiis iunderidevelopment,iwhichiisisituatediatiallidefenselessizoneiforiexampleizoneiIV.Subsequently,iitimightibombiin icase iof iany irespectably isolid istructural iaction iin iits iregion. iContemplating ithe iexhibition iof ithe istructure iand irecommendingiappropriateiretrofitimeasuresiforitheistructureiwouldiinithisimanneribeiaineed.

l.2 iProposed iWork iand iObjective

Myresearchprojectisseismicassessmentofstructures.PartisprobablybecauseitwascreatedsomewhereinIreland5Oyears ago,soIwon'tbedisappointedinthefirstplace.Afterlearningthatitsstructurewillcollapseforeverwhensubjectedtoseismic loads.BeforeusingtheEquivalentStaticMethod,anideatakenfromthefoundthatthestructurewouldcollapseimmediately whentheiwassubjectedtoseismicthrustloads.

TheDemandCapacityRatio(DCR)isdeterminedintheinitialhistoryofitsaxisandsegment.Weseeaninfiniteaxisandcross sectionatthebendinglimit.ButmostofthesepeoplearewhatIseewhenIhearit.Section

Consideringmyconclusions,Ifocusonto-Section

STAADhasdevelopedaplantoguidetheanalysisoftheseismicrepresentationofthestructure.Prov8i

l.3 iOutline iof ithe iWork

Partiliisiaishortipresentationiaboutiquakes,itheineeditoiexamineiexecutioniofistructuresiwheniexposeditoiseismic ipowers.iItilikewiseicondensesitheigoalitoibeiaccomplishediinithisispecificiundertaking.I

Parti2icontainsianioutlineiofiallitheiwritingiwhichihasibeenisurveyeditoipickiupiinformationiaboutitheidifferent isortsiofiretrofittingiestimatesiwhichicanibeiconnecteditoistructuresiandifeaturesitheiexaminationiterritoryiforithe iequivalent.I

Parti3icontainsitheifundamentalihypothesisiandistrategyiwhichihasibeeniutilizeditoibreakidownitheistructureiand itheiplan.I

Parti4itiesitogetherieveryioneiofitheioutcomesiacquiredifromitheiexamination,iwhichiaidesiinipointingioutiwhich iindividualsiwilliflopiiniflexureiandiadditionallyisheariandirecognizeianiexample.iTherefore,icertainiendsihaveibeen ideterminediandiscopeiforifutureiworkihasilikewiseibeeniexpressed.

METHODOLOGY:

1) 3.2.l. Geometry iand iSection ispecification

Theistructureiisianiunder-developmentibuildingisituatediiniRoorkee.iThisiisitoibeiutilizediforiprivateireasoniasiit iwere. iThere ithe iestimation ihas ibeen itaken ifrom istructure. iAt ithat ipoint ithe iarrangement iis idrawn iutilizing iAutoCADiSoftware.iThisiisiaiG+3istructure.iTheisizeiofistructureiisi42'ixi3l'.iTheistatureiofitheistructureiisi4Oift iandieachiflooriisiofilOift.i

FigurelidemonstratesitheiPlaniofitheistructureiatiGroundiFloor.iFigure2idemonstratesitheiPlaniofitheistructureiat ifirstifloor.iFigure3idemonstratesitheiPlaniofitheistructureiatisecondifloor.iFigure4idemonstratesitheiPlaniofithe istructureiatithirdifloor.iThereiarei3iroomioneachionisecondiandithirdifloor.

Figurei1-iPlaniofibuildingionigroundifloor

Figurei2i-iPlaniofibuildingiatilstifloor

Figurei3i-iPlaniofibuildingiati2ndifloor

Figurei4i-iPlaniofibuildingiati3rdifloor

Figurei5i-iElevationiviewiofistructureiiniStaad.Pro

Figurei6i-iPlaniviewiofistructureiiniiniStaad.Pro

Theiwidthiofitheistructureiisi3Oiftiwhichihaveitwoiinverseiroom.iEachiroomihaveitheiwidthiofitheil5ift.iFigure i3.4idemonstratesitheiarrangementiperspectiveionitheistructureiofipillaricourseiofiaction.iSoilengthiofibariinithis istructureiisil2iftialongitheilengthiandil2iftialongitheiwidthiofitheistructure.

Sectioniofitheibeami=iO.23imiXiO.45im

Sectionioficolumni=iO.23imiXiO.23im

LOADS CALCULATION

Wheniearthquakeiforcesiareiconsideredioniaistructure,itheseishallibeicombinediwhereitheitermsiDL,iILiandiEL istandiforitheiresponseiquantitiesidueitoideadiload,iimposediloadiandidesignatediearthquakeiloadirespectively.iIn itheilimitistateidesigniofireinforcediandipre-stressediconcreteistructures,itheifollowingiloadicombinationsishallibe iaccountedifor:

1) l.5(iDL+lL)

2) l.2(iDL+IL+EL)

3) l.5(iDL+EL)

4) O.9DL*il.5EL

Figurei7i-i3Direnderediviewiofitheigeometry

CONSTRUCTION FEATURES

AReinforcedConcrete(RCC)framedstructureisacommonstructuralsystemusedinconstruction,especiallyforbuildings and infrastructure that require strength, stability, and durability. This construction approach involves a framework of columns and beams made of reinforced concrete to provide structural support. Here are some of the key construction featuresandcomponentsofanRCCframedstructure:

1.1 Foundation:

The construction begins with the foundation, which is designed to transfer the loads from the structure to the ground. Foundations may include isolated footings, strip footings, raft foundations, or piles, depending on soil conditions and structuralrequirements.

Figurei8-iLoadicombinationiasiperiISil893:i2OO2:iPartil

Figurei9-iLoadicombinationiiniStaad.Pro

10.2 Columns:

 Verticalconcretecolumnsareconstructedtosupporttheloadofthebuildingabove.Columnsaretypicallyreinforced withsteelbars(rebar)toenhancetheirstrengthandductility.

 Columnsizesandreinforcementaredeterminedbystructuralengineersbasedontheloadstheyneedtocarryandthe building'sdesign.

10.3 Beams:

 Horizontalconcretebeamsconnectthecolumnsandprovidesupporttotheslabsandothercomponentsofthestructure. Likecolumns,beamsarealsoreinforcedwithrebar.

 Beamshelpdistributetheloadsfromtheslabsandwallstothecolumnsandensureevenloadtransfer.

10.4 Slabs:

 Concreteslabsareusedforfloorsandceilings.Slabscanbeone-wayortwo-way,andtheirthicknessandreinforcement dependonthespan,load,anduseofthefloor.

 Slabsareoftencastontopofformworkthatprovidesthedesiredshapeandfinish.

10.5 Walls:

 Concreteormasonrywallscanservedualfunctionswithinabuilding,eitherasintegralcomponentsofthestructural system or as internal partitions. Load-bearing walls play a pivotal role in fortifying the overall structural integrity of the framework

 In specific scenarios, structures may include shear walls or specially engineered walls, strategically integrated to counteractlateralforcessuchaswindorseismicimpacts.

10.6 Reinforcement:

 Reinforcementintheformofsteelbars(rebar)isplacedwithintheconcreteelements,includingcolumns,beams,slabs, andwalls.Rebarprovidestensilestrengthandductilitytothestructure.

 Theproperplacementandspacingofrebararecrucialtoensurestructuralintegrityandpreventcracks.

10.7 Formwork:

 Temporary formwork is used to Mold the concrete into the desired shapes of columns, beams, and slabs during construction.

 Formworkcanbemadefromtimber,plywood,steel,orothermaterialsandisremovedaftertheconcretehascured.

10.8 Concrete Mix Design:

 The selection of the concrete mix design, including the type and proportions of aggregates, cement, water, and admixtures,iscrucialtoachievethedesiredstrength,durability,andworkabilityoftheconcrete.

10.9 Construction Joints:

 Construction joints are planned locations where concrete work is temporarily halted and then resumed. Proper constructionjointsareimportantformaintainingstructuralintegrity.

10.10 Curing:

 Adequatecuring,whichinvolveskeepingtheconcretemoistandprotectedfromdryingout,isessentialtoachievethe desiredstrengthanddurabilityoftheconcreteelements.

10.11 Quality Control:

 Quality control measures are implemented throughout the construction process to ensure that materials and workmanshipmeetthespecifiedstandardsanddesignrequirements.

10.12 Finishes:

 Afterthe structural componentsarein place,finishessuchasplaster, paint, flooring, andcladdingareadded to the buildingasneededforaestheticsandfunctionality.

TESTING

TestinginthecontextofaresearchpaperonR.C.C.framedstructuredesignandanalysisusingSTAADProinvolvesverifying theaccuracy,reliability,andefficiencyofthesoftwareinsimulatingreal-worldstructuralbehaviour.Thetestingphaseaimsto ensure that the results obtained from STAAD Pro align with established engineering principles and standards. Here's a breakdownofthetestingprocess:

1. Model Verification:

-Validatetheaccuracyofthe3DmodelscreatedinSTAADProbycomparingthemwitharchitecturalandengineering drawings.

-Checktheconsistencyofthemodelledgeometry,memberconnectivity,andboundaryconditionsagainsttheintended designspecifications.

2. Material and Design Code Compliance:

-Verifythatthematerialpropertiesassignedtoconcreteandreinforcementelementsalignwiththespecifieddesigncodes andstandards(e.g.,ACI,Eurocode).

-EnsurethatSTAADProcorrectlyimplementstheselecteddesigncodesinitsanalysisanddesigncalculations.

3. Load Application Testing:

-Applyarangeofloadstothestructure,includingdeadloads,liveloads,windloads,andseismicloads.

-ValidatethecorrectapplicationofloadsinSTAADProbycomparingthemwithmanualcalculationsbasedonrelevant designcodes.

4. Analysis Method Verification:

-TestdifferentanalysismethodsavailableinSTAADPro,suchasstatic,dynamic,andnonlinearanalyses.

-Verifytheconsistencyandaccuracyofresultsobtainedfromdifferentanalysismethodsforagivensetofinputconditions.

5. Comparison with Analytical Solutions:

-ComparetheresultsobtainedfromSTAADProwithanalyticalsolutionsforsimplifiedstructuralconfigurations.

-ValidateSTAADPro'sabilitytoaccuratelypredictstructuralresponsesunderbasicloadingscenarios.

6. Benchmarking Against Empirical Data:

-BenchmarkSTAADProresultsagainstempiricaldatafromwell-documentedcasestudiesorreal-worldstructureswith knownperformance.

-Evaluatethesoftware'sperformanceinpredictingdeflections,memberforces,andoverallstructuralbehaviouragainst observedoutcomes.

7. Sensitivity Analysis:

-Conductsensitivityanalysesbyvaryinginputparameters,suchasmaterialproperties,loadingconditions,andsupport conditions.

-AssesshowchangesininputparametersaffecttheoutputresultsandensurethatSTAADProprovidesconsistentand logicalresponses.

8. Comparative Analysis with Alternative Software:

-UsealternativestructuralanalysisanddesignsoftwaretoanalysethesameR.C.C.framedstructures.

-ComparetheresultsobtainedfromSTAADProwiththosefromothersoftwaretoidentifyanydiscrepanciesorvariations.

9. Case Study Validation:

-ValidatetheresultsofthecasestudiesconductedwithinSTAADProagainstobservedbehavioursofactualstructureswith similarconfigurations.

-ConfirmthatthesoftwareaccuratelypredictstheperformanceofR.C.C.framedstructuresinreal-worldscenarios.

10. Documentation of Testing Procedures:

-Documenttheentiretestingprocess,includinginputparameters,softwaresettings,andstep-by-stepprocedures.

-Provideatransparentaccountofthetestingmethodologyandresultsforreproducibilityandpeerreview.

CONCLUSION

STAAD iPRO ihas ithe iability ito icompute ithe isupport irequired ifor iany isolid iarea. iThe iprogram icontains ivarious iparametersiwhichiareiplannediaccordingitoiSeemsitoibe:i456(2OOO).iShaftsiareiintendediforiflexure,isheariand itorsion.i

PlaniforiFlexure:i

Mostiextremeihangingi(makingimalleableiworryiatitheibaseiessenceiofitheipillar)iandihoardingi(makingitractable iworry iat ithe itop iface) iminutes iare idetermined ifor iall idynamic iburden icases iat ievery ione iof ithe ipreviously imentioned iareas.iEvery ioneiofitheseiareas iareiintended itoiopposeibothiofitheseibasic idroopingiandihoarding iminutes.iAnyiplaceitheirectangulariareaiisiinsufficientiasiseparatelyistrengthenedisegment,idoublyifortifiedisegment iisiattempted.I

PlaniforiShear:i

Shearisupportiisidetermineditoiopposeibothishearipowersianditorsionaliminutes.iShearilimiticomputationiativarious iareasiwithoutitheishearisupportidependsionitheigenuineiductileifortificationigivenibyiSTAADiprogram.iTwo-legged istirrupsiareigivenitoidealiwithitheiparityishearipowersifollowingiupionitheseiareas.i

ShaftiDesigniOutput:i

Theidefaulticonfigurationiyieldiofitheibaricontainsiflexuraliandishearisupportigaveialongitheilengthiofitheibar.i

SegmentiDesign:i

Segmentsiareiintendediforihubipowersiandibiaxialiminutesiatitheifinishes.iAllidynamiciburdenicasesiareitriedito ifigure ifortification. iThe istacking iwhich iyield imost iextreme isupport iis iknown ias ithe ibasic iburden. iSegment iconfigurationiisiaccomplishediforisquareiarea.iSquareisegmentsiareistructurediwithifortificationicirculatedionieach isideisimilarlyiforitheisegmentsiunderibiaxialiminutesiandiwithisupportiappropriatedisimilarlyiinitwoiappearances ifor iareas iunder iuni-pivotal iminute. iEvery isingle isignificant ifoundation ifor ichoosing ilongitudinal iand itransverse ifortificationiasistipulatedibyiSeemsitoibe:i456ihaveibeenidealtiwithiinitheisegmentiplaniofiSTAAD.

REFERENCE

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[3] IS l893 (Part l). (2Ol6). IS l893 (Criteria for Earthquake resistant design of structures, Part l: General Provisions and buildings).BureauofIndianStandards,NewDelhi,l893(December),l–44.

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BIOGRAPHIES

Er.KanchanmaniPoudel

Department of Civil Engineering

Roorkee Institute of Technology, Roorkee