MAR 2023 - International Aquafeed magazine

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

Organic acids and essential oils boost gut health for rainbow trout

- Aquaculture leaders on a mission to uncover the feed ingredients of the future

- Insects for feed and food

- Vitamin C in Aquaculture

- Woman in Aquaculture

-

Net9 System: Technology with a potential to quadruple Scottish production

WELCOME

February has proven a busy month for the aquaculture industry with two key events taking place that we are fortunate enough to attend.

This year’s AquaFarm 2023, in Italy, comes close on the heels of last year’s event which had been delayed since 2021 due to the disruption caused by the Covid pandemic. Given that Pordenone is just north of Venice, which was one of the earliest and most dramatically hit Covid areas in Italy and Europe (and which adopted it’s lockdown arrangements shortly after the event in February 2020), it’s not surprising that there is a readjustment happening to get this event back to its more traditional dates in February. This show is close to my heart. It’s held in the Province of Pordenone next to the Province of Udine, which is on the border with Slovenia. The Province of Pordenone highly values this fledging annual expo that is in now in its seventh edition.

Roger Gilbert

In this edition

With world Women’s Day being celebrated all over the world on March 8, International Aquafeed discusses about the contribution of women in Aquaculture sector. Our own writer Shannon Parson dives into the details of inequality faced by women in the sector and also talks about the ways to make aquaculture sector to be more women friendly – see page 36.

Qrill Aqua, one of the leading Aquaculture companies, talks about the role of raw material in moving to more sustainable aquaculture practises in their article ‘Aquaculture leaders on a mission to uncover the deed ingredients of the future’ which you can read in Page 18.

What is also interesting is that this expo is combined with NovelFarm and AlgaeFarm, both presenting alternative food production systems. As Italy’s premier annual show for the aquaculture industry, it is attracting attention from the EU and from investors. Please see our report in this issue. Our team will be attending Aquaculture America 2023 in New Orleans as we prepare this edition for print. Hosted by the US Aquaculture Society (formerly US Chapter of WAS), the National Aquaculture Association and the Aquaculture Suppliers Association this is also a must-attend expo. It provides another great opportunity to meet and discuss issues facing the industry, not just in the US but globally. We will be reporting on the event in next month’s issue.

Communication is everything when it comes to staying up to date in a rapidly changing industry such as aquaculture. Events provide one opportunity; however, we feel International Aquafeed magazine has a unique role to play in not only keeping industry informed on a month-by-month basis but in providing space for industry representatives to voice their concerns and talk though issues that need wider understanding.

As you know we provide Aquafeed in four languages on a bi-monthly basis which we are planning to expand in terms of languages and increased frequency. We see languages as an essential part in reaching sectors of the aquaculture industry that do not use English as their core language. It’s important in my view to be accessible through key languages; those that are spoken across borders. Watch this space for details.

In you want to see what we have been building over recent months you are welcome to visit our ‘language libraries’ to get a feel for the full range of editions and topics covered in 2022 and now in 2023. I’m posting those links below for your

In Page 24, Prof Huyben’s educational article talks about the how the combined use of Organic acids and essential oils improved the gut functions of rainbow trout. As the author points out, feeding a microencapsulated blend of organic acid and essential oils improve gut health and may serve as a part of effective strategy to reduce antibiotic use in aquaculture.

Please don’t overlook our Technology Showcase (see Page 44-45) which may inspire you to adopt newer technologies to make life easier while improving productivity.

I am also pleased to see our report from AquaFarm 2022 published in this edition. This key Italian event is annual and is now back to its regular schedule dates and was well worth the visit.

This edition, we have interviewed Dr Fanny Guidicelli, Founder of Akwa Marine, France & Ecuador. She received her PhD from French National Institute for Agricultural research in human nutrition and health and later switched her career to aquaculture industry. In her responses, she makes very remarkable points on achieving sustainability and gender equality in aquaculture sector.

Finally

By the time you receive this edition we will have launched our up-dated website. Please be sure to check it out at: https:// aquafeed.co.uk/

You will also find an additional tab in the menu bar called ‘Journal’. This is our newly introduced Aquafeed Journal where you can download our guidelines and submit papers for peer-review and publication.

Here are the links to our language libraries for International Aquafeed & Fish Farming Technology:

English -

https://flickread.com/edition/aquafeed

Chinese -

https://flickread.com/edition/Aquafeed-Chinese-Edition

Spanish -

https://flickread.com/edition/Aquafeed-spanish-Edition

Norwegianhttps://flickread.com/edition/Aquafeed-norwegian-Edition

I hope you enjoy this edition.

Publisher – International Aquafeed and Fish Farming Technology

March is a great month for looking forward to Spring in Europe and some finer weather at last. I will be attending the VIV and Aquatic Asia meeting in Bangkok, Thailand this month and will report further in our next issue. This will be a large event with many exhibitors and our Aquatic Asia will be a venue for scientific and technical exchanges with speakers from academia and the industry. My talk will be focused on fermented corn protein from research associated with the bioethanol industries. DDGS and protein enhanced products are making significant inroads to closing the protein gap in farmed fish and shrimp. There is much more scope and potential to test these sources for many more fish species.

The quest for alternative protein and energy rich ingredients is at the heart of modern fish feed formulations while fishmeal and fish oils are more strategically used nowadays for special considerations in strict carnivorous fry and juvenile diets. There is much more flexibility for the higher volume feeds for the on-growing stages of fish production and reduced fishmeal inclusions.

I have been recently engaged in working with new types of Single Cell organisms’ rich in high quality proteins with excellent amino acid profiles. Single cell proteins (SCPs) have gained increasing attention as an alternative to traditional protein sources for fish farming and shrimp production, such as fishmeal and soybean meal. SCPs are derived from microorganisms, such as yeast and algae, which can be grown on inexpensive and renewable substrate and can provide a more sustainable and costeffective alternative to traditional protein sources. More recently we have been conducting work on specific bacterial sources from aerobic fermentation of organic biowaste streams. SCP production methods can be divided into two main categories: solid-state fermentation (SSF) and submerged fermentation (SmF). SSF involves the growth of microorganisms on solid substrates, such as sawdust, straw, or food waste, while SmF involves the growth of microorganisms in liquid culture media. Both methods can produce SCPs in high yields, and the choice between them depends on factors such as the type of substrate available, the desired product, and the desired production scale. In terms of nutritional quality, SCPs are considered to be comparable to traditional protein sources for fish and shrimp feed. The use of SCPs as a protein source in aquaculture is conservative, but there have been numerous studies demonstrating their potential to replace traditional protein sources in feed formulations. In one study, for example, researchers found that SCPs derived from yeast could effectively replace up to 50 percent of the fishmeal in diets for tilapia and rainbow trout, without negatively affecting growth or feed efficiency (Azevedo et al., 2018). Similarly, a study of shrimp aquaculture in India found that SCPs derived from algae could replace up to 20 percent of soybean meal in feed without negatively affecting shrimp growth or survival (Rao et al., 2017).

Despite the promising results, there are still some challenges that need to be addressed to make SCPs a more widely adopted alternative to traditional protein sources. One major challenge is the cost of SCP production, which is currently higher than that of traditional protein sources. However, as production methods continue to improve and economies of scale are achieved, it is expected that the cost of SCPs will become more competitive. Another challenge is the variability in the quality of SCPs, which can depend on factors such as the type of microorganism used, the substrate, and the production conditions. To address this challenge, it is important to develop standardized methods for SCP production that can ensure consistent quality, uniformity, efficacy, and safety.

In early February, I was delighted to have given a presentation via an online platform to the Fisheries and Aquaculture Symposium held in Lahore, Pakistan through the kind invitation of Dr Noor Khan, Dean, and fish nutrition leader in the University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, and the University of the Punjab. My talk examined the potential to advance the health and robustness of farmed shrimp through diet modulation approaches. I am working closely with Dr Khan’s group as cosupervisor of his students and resulting peer-reviewed scientific papers. Work on snakehead and tilapia has progressed into published papers.

Finally, it is with much sadness that I report the passing of a great friend and academic colleague in the biosciences and fish nutrition world. We lost Dr Rune WaagbØ, (Scientific Program Director/Professor at the Institute of Marine Research/University of Bergen) Bergen, Norway at the end of 2022. Rune was one of the most eminent specialists in our field. I knew Rune very well and he invited me to Norway many times for meetings and to act as first examiner to several of his PhD students. Rune had a long-distinguished career and was highly esteemed for innovative work on salmonids with a focus more recently on fish health and welfare concerning vitamin and mineral nutrition. He was a pioneer in so many ways and was instrumental in validating the important role of histidine in the prevention of cataracts in the Atlantic salmon. His research on vitamin E, antioxidant function and essential fatty acids and metabolism was timely. He also advanced our understanding of effects on bone development and deformities in intensive production of salmon. I met Rune at numerous conferences globally and he loved it when I called him my best Viking friend. He graciously accepted my invitation to him as guest plenary speaker at our Aquaculture session in the British Society for Animal Sciences, 2018 meeting held in Dublin, Ireland. Rune as usual gave a wonderful talk with his deep knowledge and experience. Socially, he was also excellent company with wisdom, wit, and humour. I will very much miss Rune Waagbo but his legacy and place in aquaculture nutrition history is assured. He set the highest standards and example for us all to follow. His passing will be regretted by a large number of fish nutritionists, academics and students who have had the privilege of knowing him.

Professor Simon Davies

Nutrition Editor, International Aquafeed

The recent heated discussion in Norway over the so-called “salmon tax”, which in the original proposal was to be a 40 percent surtax on salmon production, has caused the industry to question whether the Government’s previously stated goal of producing 5 million tonnes of farmed salmon by 2050 is still realistic. According to some, Norway is already behind schedule on this ambitious objective. By now, production should

of Ukraine will devastate the country and reduce its production of grain in the near future.

Therefore, we have to search for other alternatives that can provide an abundant supply of raw materials that can be converted into effective feed for the fish.

My conclusion to all this is that we shall need an awful lot of new and very innovative technology in order to reach our future goals. Not only Norway’s 5 million tonnes of salmon, but global goals of producing

Erik Hempel

The Nor-Fishing Foundation

Perendale Publishers Ltd

7 St George’s Terrace

St James’ Square, Cheltenham, Glos, GL50 3PT, United Kingdom Tel: +44 1242 267700

Publisher Roger Gilbert rogerg@perendale.co.uk

Managing Editor

Joy (Jyothsna) Nelloolichalil joyn@perendale.co.uk

International Editors

Dr Kangsen Mai (Chinese edition) mai@perendale.com

Prof Antonio Garza (Spanish edition) antoniog@perendale.com

Erik Hempel (Norwegian edition) erikh@perendale.com

Editorial Advisory Panel

• Prof Dr Abdel-Fattah M. El-Sayed

• Dr Allen Wu

• Prof António Gouveia

• Prof Charles Bai

• Dr Daniel Merrifield

• Dr Dominique Bureau

• Dr Elizabeth Sweetman

• Dr Kim Jauncey

• Dr Eric De Muylder

• Dr Pedro Encarnação

• Dr Mohammad R Hasan

Editorial team

Prof Simon Davies sjdaquafeed@gmail.com

Shannon Parsons shannonp@perendale.co.uk

Niamh Cassidy niamhc@perendale.co.uk

International Marketing Team

Darren Parris Tel: +44 7854 436407 darrenp@perendale.co.uk

Latin America Marketing Team

Clarissa Garza de Yta Tel: +52 669 120 0140 clarissag@perendale.com

Cristina María Roldán Otero Tel: +44 1242 267700 cristinaperendale@gmail.com

Egyptian Marketing Team

Mohamed Baromh Tel: +20 100 358 3839 mohamedb@perendale.com

India Marketing Team

Dr T.D. Babu +91 9884114721 tdbabu@aquafeed.org

Asia Marketing Team

Dante Feng Tel: +886 0227930286 dantef@perendale.com

Nigeria Marketing Team

Nathan Nwosu Tel: +234 8132 478092 nathann@perendale.com

Digital community manager

Levana Hall levanah@perendale.co.uk

Design Manager James Taylor jamest@perendale.co.uk

Circulation & Events Manager

Tuti Tan Tel: +44 1242 267706 tutit@perendale.co.uk

Development Manager

Antoine Tanguy antoinet@perendale.co.uk

Aquafeed Journal journal@perendale.co.uk

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

THE BIG PICTURE

Woman in Aquaculture

See more on page 36

FEATURES

18 Aquaculture leaders on a mission to uncover the feed ingredients of the future

20 Insects for feed and food

24 Organic acids and essential oils boost gut health for rainbow trout

28 Organic Aquaculture: Certified feeds for Use in Organic Aquaculture

32 Vitamin C in Aquaculture

36 Woman in Aquaculture

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

42 Net9 System: Technology with a potential to quadruple Scottish production

The Aquafeed Journal

Aquafeed Journal is a new online publication by Perendale Publishers Ltd, United Kingdom, with a distinguished track record of technical and trade magazines in the agricultural and aquaculture sectors. This new peer-reviewed scientific journal will serve academia and the commercial aquaculture industry with high-quality papers relating to aquafeed science and technology for different species of farmed fish and crustaceans. It is envisaged to address fundamental nutritional requirements for effective and optimal production and applications to advanced feed formulations. This will include essential amino acids, proteins and energy sources as well as key vitamins and minerals pertaining to fish and shrimp growth, feed efficiency and health. A major area will be studies that focus on feed ingredient assessment and in particular those that are sustainable alternatives to marine derived materials like fishmeal and fish oil. Therefore investigations directed towards plant and next generation proteins like insect meal, algae and microbial sources would be desirable areas. Novel oils and lipids that provide essential fatty acids would be of considerable importance. Studies on functional ingredients affecting the health and immune function of fish and shrimp are very topical and of much interest to the commercial aquafeed sector. We would welcome papers researching the role of prebiotics, probiotics and phytobiotics on gut health, mucosal immunity and their interaction and modulation of the intestinal microbiota.

The journal recognises that fish farming technology plays a vital role in aquafeeds and their efficiency in production so related technologies associated with fish behaviour, feed management and environmental impact of diets in tanks, ponds and cages and RAS facilities are pertinent.

In essence, Aquaculture Journal will appeal to the aquaculture practitioner, scientist, technician, feed manufacturer and at various levels in academia such as undergraduate, masters, PhD students and post-doctoral researcher as both an invaluable source of validated information and a potential location for their own research findings.

The manuscripts will be fully peer-reviewed by appropriate members of our editorial board and approved finally by the Editor-in-Chief.

These OA papers will be available on our official website aquafeed.co.uk and in print as well as being downloadable. Links will be provided within our existing International Aquafeed magazine.

Please do not hesitate to contact us with your queries at journal@perendale.co.uk.

BENEO extends animal nutrition portfolio with faba bean ingredients

BENEO, one of the leading manufacturers of functional ingredients, is pleased to announce the expansion of its product portfolio for aqua and livestock feed with the addition of the new faba bean ingredient range, including faba bean protein concentrate, starch-rich flour, and hulls. These pulse ingredients are non-GMO and represent sustainable sources of protein, starch, and fibre, enabling feed manufacturers to improve the nutritional profile of their products.

Aqua and livestock feed markets are increasingly raising consumers' concerns regarding sustainability and are coming under greater scrutiny from authorities. As a result, many feed producers have committed to ambitious targets to meet these changing requirements. Demand for a more eco-conscious feed sector is also reflected in the sustainability objectives of key industry associations. At the same time, with rising concerns around the environmental impact of raw materials, producers are also facing present and future price pressures, alongside logistical and supply issues. This is driving demand for sustainable ingredients, such as locally produced plantbased alternatives, that can deliver both a good nutritional profile and improved technical properties.

When it comes to sustainability, faba beans help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions at farm level. The faba beans can capture nitrogen from the air, to provide it for themselves and subsequent plants, which reduces the need for fertiliser input. Also, the faba beans are grown in a German region with good rainfall and soil with good water retention capacity, so that irrigation is not necessary. BENEO strives to source its faba beans at Farm Sustainability Assessment (FSA) Gold level from German farmers with long-term contracts, to ensure production and supply stability. Furthermore, the production process, being done locally in Germany, has been chosen for its low energy and water

consumption in comparison to alternative processes; overall contributing to BENEO's sustainability targets.

Faba bean ingredients are showing promising potential for aqua and livestock recipe formulations as they are a good source of protein, starch and dietary fibre. BENEO's faba bean protein concentrate, starch-rich flour and hull ingredients are produced from faba bean varieties which are low in antinutritional factors (e.g., tannins, vicine and convicine) and are guaranteed to be non-GMO.

BENEO's faba bean starch-rich flour offers producers of livestock and aqua feed a good source of starch and energy, while still containing a significant residual amount of protein of approximately 20 percent. It is ideal for use in many applications, including for salmon and trout, as well as in broilers' starter and piglets' weaner diets. Also, thanks to its good solubility and rather low iron content, it could be applied in liquid feed like calf milk replacers.

BENEO's faba bean protein concentrate is a concentrated source of vegetal protein that serves as a good alternative to e.g., animal and soy proteins. It has excellent solubility in comparison to other vegetal proteins and a good amino acid profile.

BENEO's faba bean hulls can be used to provide a source of insoluble fibres in feed for ruminants or gestating sows, while also offering certain protein and starch contents which increase its nutritional value.

The faba bean hulls and protein concentrate are listed in the EU Catalogue of Feed Materials, while faba bean starch-rich flour is in the EU Feed Materials Register. Karel Thurman, Commercial Director Animal Nutrition at BENEO comments, “Manufacturers of pet food and feed are increasingly faced with the challenge of finding ingredients that deliver the necessary nutrients for their formulas, whilst also complying with ambitious commitments towards sustainability. Our new plantbased faba bean ingredients are a valuable addition to our portfolio, as they provide convincing sustainability credentials and offer producers in the livestock and aquafeed industries sound nutritional and technological alternatives for their feed recipes.”

COMPLETE FEED TO FOOD GLOBAL TRADE SHOW IN ASIA

Fishing industry nets new funding to train the next generation

Innovative training programmes to attract new recruits and improve the quality of training in the fishing, seafood and aquaculture sectors have been awarded funding from the £100 million UK Seafood Fund.

Recognising industry concerns over an ageing fishing workforce and with the number of UK fishers having fallen by 1,700 over the past decade, it is now more important than ever to ensure entrants are equipped with the necessary skills to join the sector and understand the opportunities that are available to them.

Coinciding with National Apprenticeship Week and supporting the Prime Minister's priority to grow the economy and create better paid jobs, the seven projects include pilot courses at London's famous Billingsgate market covering technical skills such as the delivery, preparation and cooking of seafood; practical qualifications for manning fishing boats in Cornwall; right through to training for school leavers in Scotland going into the seafood industry.

A degree and higher level skills offered for aspiring managers in the seafood industry will also be developed by University of Lincoln, whilst in Grimsby training courses will be run to attract local people into the seafood sector.

Fisheries Minister Mark Spencer says, “Our seafood and fishing sectors are a fundamental part of the UK's heritage as well as contributing to food security and our economy.

“The UK Government is funding opportunities from the quayside to the sales counter, suitable for young people as well as those changing careers.

“It is absolutely vital we invest in our workforce so these important industries prosper for generations to come.”

The projects awarded funding today will receive grants of up to £250,000 to fund the creation or redesign of pilot training courses, with over £1 million awarded overall. It comes as a second round of funding for skills and training is launched with up to £8 million made available to modernise training facilities and increase access to opportunities across the UK –

applications are open until 12pm on April 21.

The pilot training courses in the first round aim to enhance technical skills and increase knowledge on sustainability, and ensure a high quality of training for existing workers, new entrants and young people into the sector. They also promote seafood career opportunities, raise awareness of the sector amongst young people and schoolchildren, and address access barriers commonly faced by remote coastal communities.

Professor Val Braybrooks, Dean at the National Centre for Food Manufacturing, University of Lincoln, says, ''We are delighted to have been awarded funds to adapt our successful food manufacturing higher and degree apprenticeship offer and develop new provision to meet the skills needs of Seafood Processing businesses. The new programmes will support the development of aspiring leaders in our sustainability led and rapidly changing sector and we look forward to collaborating with businesses and partners across the UK to fuel the talent pipeline.

“We are indebted to members of the Seafood Grimsby and Humber Alliance (SGHA) for their support in informing our plans and we now look forward to working together with the sectors' employers across the country, along with our educational partner the University of the Highlands and Islands in Shetland, to deliver this flagship skills scheme for the industry and unite our clusters and Seafood Processing communities through it'.”

Jane Lewis, Principal and Chief Executive of UHI Shetland, says, 'We are thrilled to have been successful with our bid to the UK Seafood Fund, which was prepared in close collaboration with UHI West Highland and our partners in the seafood sector. 'This project will be run through our new Centre for Sustainable Seafood and will act as a catalyst to help provide a sustainable workforce for a sustainable seafood sector. We are delighted that we can use this funding to continue to support the seafood sector, which is such a vital part of economy of the Highlands and Islands. 'Through our joint expertise in blended learning, we will also be able to widen access to reach potential students online no matter where they live.'

The £100 million UK Seafood Fund is a landmark government investment supporting the long-term future and sustainability of the UK fishing and seafood industry. Last month, the Government announced an initial £2 million investment to trial new, greener engines and help create a safer, more sustainable fishing fleet as part of the latest round of the infrastructure scheme.

In December last year, the Government also confirmed a further £30 million will be made available for infrastructure projects across the seafood supply chain.

Temperature

Adapted

SPRING EDITION FEEDS

Feeds TM

The Spring Edition contains an extra dosage of vitamin C to support and strengthen the fish during the challenging transition period.

Vitamin C:

Temperature

Adapted

Temperature

Adapted

Feeds TM

Temperature

Adapted

Feeds TM

Supports the formation of red blood cells and improves oxygen uptake

Supports skin repair and wound healing

Is a strong antioxidant and improves stress resistance

WWW.ALLER-AQUA.COM

Feeds TM

Approval of Torjulvågen zoning plan for halibut facility

The Tingvoll municipality council has approved the zoning plan application from Nordic Halibut for the development of a land-based halibut facility at Torjulvågen, Tingvoll. The zoning plan specifies the use, conservation and design of land and surroundings of the area where Nordic Halibut intend to develop and build a new land-based facility, targeting annual production of 1.25 million juveniles

With reference to previously communicated project timeline, the facility will be fully operative and produce 1.25 million juveniles from 2027. The approval of the zoning plan and the overall project progression in 2022 strengthens current timeline estimates for facility completion, with the potential for an advanced timeline present

The approval enables Nordic Halibut to further realise phase two of the Company's ramp-up plan to 9.000 tonnes HOG within 2030. The facility, located in proximity to the established production HUB at Nordmøre, will significantly de-risk future production cycles as earlyphase production will be spread across numerous locations throughout the production lifecycle

"We are really pleased that Tingvoll municipality continues to demonstrate its support to Nordic Halibut's plans to create local jobs and value creation through the development of a new land-based halibut facility," says CEO

Edvard Henden

The fit-for-purpose built facility will strengthen and further improve the internal biological competence and represent a platform for further progress in genetics. The Company's dedicated broodstock program and the advancements made in broodstock generations is the prerequisite for Nordic Halibut's growth plan through increased robustness, growth rates and reduced lead time. The new facility at Torjulvågen will enable further biological improvement and increase the Company's competitive advantage.

Proximar, Japan chooses water-borne feeding system from Graintec

At the foot of Mount Fuji, a new land-based salmon farm is taking form, and Proximar is ready to serve fresh salmon to Japanese consumers in 2024. Growing salmon locally ensures a minimal environmental footprint, and the gentle waterborne feeding system HyFlowTM contributes to the sustainability of the farm.

The impressive project is taking form with the beautiful scenery and the snow-sprinkled mountain in the background. At full capacity, the Oyama fish farm is targeted to produce ~5300 tonnes of Atlantic Salmon annually, for the fish-loving Japanese people.

The grow-out facility is still under construction, but Proximar has already set many important milestones, like the recent successful transfer of their first juveniles to start feeding. The ideal feeding solution for the grow-out section is now also secured.

For all involved in aquaculture, fish feed handling and distribution is both costly and time-consuming, especially when we are talking about the large feeding volumes required in a facility of this magnitude.

Lars Stigaard, CTO at Proximar, Japan, shares his thoughts about the water-borne solution, 'First of all the HyFlowTM system has low complexity, easy to operate and easy to maintain, and is very gentle to the feed pellets. For us, having a minimum of feed loss and a water-borne solution ensures practically zero breakage, even when feeding large diameter pellets. We can feed in different debts in the fish tanks, ensuring a good feed distribution in the full tank volume."

Sales Manager Jens Jensen, Graintec, visited the site just before Christmas, “It was important for us to visit the Proximar team and see the site, so we could understand the actual expectations, space available and their requirements to both feeding and feed storage.

Our HyFlowTM system is very versatile and can meet basically any feeding regime. In addition to the waterborne feeding system, it was also important for Proximar to have feed storage that is designed to create a minimum of physical impact on the costly feed pellets. With our long experience in feed production, this was an ideal task for us.'’

HyFlowTM is the feeding system of the future, whether your aquaculture facility is land-based, near-shore, or off-shore based. It is easy to install and maintain as it consists of very few moving parts. It is an ideal solution when distributing large amounts of pellets, i.e., many kilos per day. It handles pellets from 2-18 mm.

The system is fully automatic with a SCADA-based open source software solution that easily integrates other farm management software.

One of the roles at IFFO that we undertake annually, in combination with our analysis of global marine ingredient production, is a review of use of those resources. In undertaking that review we rely on a system of obtaining data from our members (both fishmeal producers and fishmeal users), as well as our industrial and academic networks to gain insights from across the world. It is a system that we have used for years and which we then crossreference to get a reality check on our numbers. It has grown to become a robust resource used by many organisations around the world as a reference on the use of marine ingredient resources globally. In earlier columns I have used some of that data to discuss the changing use among different high-level sectors like aquaculture, pigs, poultry and petfood, among others. However, we analyse things in a bit more detail than just the high-level

sectors and delve into individual country and species sectors. In recent years a review of the data on marine ingredient use statistics shows that there is a change emerging among what is being used and by who in the aquaculture sector. Salmonids previously held the mantle as the greatest user of marine ingredients by volume, and they remain as the largest user of fish oils globally. The salmonids sector has also historically been a big user of fishmeal, and still use more than half a million tonnes globally. However, fishmeal use by crustacean aquaculture and, in particular that of shrimp aquaculture, has been a significantly higher user for more than a decade. But between these two sectors the balance on total marine ingredient use has always been in favour of the salmonids sector. In 2021 though, for the firsttime shrimp became the outright supreme user of marine ingredients in total.

So, what has driven this change? A review of the data shows a range of factors at play in the past decade. Notable has been the growth in shrimp production globally, and in particular those regions like Ecuador in South America. While feed conversion ratios in both sectors are only marginally different, with shrimp aquaculture on average globally at just under 1.5, while salmonids are just under 1.3, making salmonids a little bit more efficient. In terms of the relative inclusion levels of fishmeal and fish oil, there isn’t that much difference between the sectors there either. Marine ingredient use (fishmeal + fish oil) by the salmonids sector is now around the 20 percent mark, whereas shrimp aquaculture is marginally less, at around 17 percent. With salmonids, it’s a bit of a balance between fishmeal and fish oil use, whereas with shrimp it is nearly all driven by demand for fishmeal. However, one thing is certain. As of 2021, shrimp reign supreme as the world’s biggest user of fishmeal and now marine ingredients outright.

Brett Glencross

Shrimp now the top consumer of global marine ingredient resources...

Protect your profits

Mitigate risk through mycotoxin deactivation

In addition to rising feed costs, mycotoxins further impact profitability by impairing growth performance and health status. The risk is never zero. Mycotoxin risk management is the insurance policy to secure feed quality and safety, whilst optimizing productivity. Increased productivity

Reduced risk

If not us, who? If not now, when? WE MAKE IT POSSIBLE

Skretting

India launches state-of-the-art shrimp and fish feed facility in Surat

Skretting – Nutreco's global aquafeed division- has opened a state-of-the-art production facility for shrimp and fish feed in Mangrol, Surat. The newly set up highend facility is part of Skretting's commitment towards the Indian aquaculture sector and its strategy to further develop in Asia.

The facility was inaugurated on February 13, 2023, by Dr Sanjeev Balyan, Hon'ble Minister of State of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying. Mr Michiel van Erkel, Agriculture Counsellor for India and Sri Lanka, Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands was also present at the opening. Spread over an area of 20,000 sq mt and built with an investment of EUR 18.5 million, the facility will cater to both shrimp and fish cultures. The shrimp cultures will include white tiger and black tiger, while fish cultures will include Indian major carps, and high-value fish like snakehead, seabass, among others.

The Mangrol facility has three production lines with a production capacity of 50,000 metric tonnes per annum. It can produce both extruded/floating and pelleted/sinking feed as per the requirement of the species and customers. There is also adequate land and infrastructure available to increase the production capacity in the future.

'We are thrilled to announce the launch of our state-ofthe-art production facility at Mangrol in Surat. We have been meeting the needs of shrimp hatcheries, nurseries, and farmers since 2018 in India, and supporting customers across feed-farm-health with our high-quality feed and services. The new facility enables us to contribute our bit to the prestigious Atmanirbhar Bharat – Make in India initiative, while simultaneously improving the efficiencies for a closer connection with our customers. We will cater to the domestic market and also customers in Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and The Middle East,' says Dr Saurabh Shekhar, General Manager – Nutreco South Asia.

“The factory is key to achieving our purpose of Feeding the Future in growth territories of Asia and India. We already have plants in Vietnam, Japan, China,

and Indonesia to strengthen our presence in Asia and establishing a state-of-the-art production facility at Mangrol, Surat reinforces our commitment to South Asia and Indian markets. Construction of the factory started in September 2020, and the work was completed in just over two years despite the various challenges posed by the Covid pandemic. The facility has also generated local employment opportunities with 120 employees. This is just the beginning in our journey to gain a stronger foothold here,” says Mr Jurriën Zandbergen, Managing Director, Nutreco Asia.

Nutreco has both organic and inorganic growth plans to expand its footprints in South Asia, actively looking for companies that can support the purpose of Feeding the Future via NuFrontiers, its strategic innovation and investment department. Through NuFrontiers, Nutreco has invested strategically in start-ups globally, including Internet of Things (IoT) enterprises such as Eruvaka and Stellapps.

“We strongly believe that innovation and digitalisation are the future for sustainable development in aquaculture. That is why we invest EUR 20 million annually on innovation looking for nutritional solutions to address the main challenges in the different regions in which we operate. At the same time, our digitally enabled solutions like AquaSim and Skretting 360+ have been responsible for improving production and transforming aquaculture industry in countries like Ecuador. With this facility and our stronger footprints, we only aim to replicate some of these success stories in India as well,” says Ms Therese Log Bergjord, CEO Skretting.

Aquaculture leaders on a mission to uncover the feed ingredients of the future

by Lisa Miller, Communications Director, Aker BioMarine Antarctic USA

Our population is growing, and our planet is warming. The future of our food is a tenuous topic of debate, with predictions of exhausted land resources, hindered biodiversity and more carbon emissions resulting from increased food production.

It’s a predicament that has put more attention on the ocean as the breeding ground for our future food, but it comes with a caveat. It must be sustainable.

Nature Magazine estimates that edible food from the sea may increase by as much as 74 percent by 2050, which would mean that up to a quarter of all food consumed on our planet midcentury would be sourced from the sea. Today farmed and wild seafood accounts for just 17 percent of edible proteins and fats. The question facing fisheries today is how to grow rapidly while maintaining the highest sustainability standards possible.

Aquafeed plays a major role in fisheries’ sustainability

“At Aker BioMarine, we believe that the aquafeed has a major role to play in the overall sustainability of seafood production. The quality of the feed can determine the success of production, and yet the industry is facing a scarcity of raw materials coupled with greater environmental concerns. The time has come to discover new and more sustainable raw materials that can nourish and stimulate the growth of our future food source in a responsible way,” says Sigve Nordrum, EVP Animal Health and Nutrition, Aker BioMarine.

As a research-driven company, Aker BioMarine has always taken a scientific approach to discovering more about its flagship product, krill meal from

Antarctic krill, as a raw material for aquafeed. The company is one of the few global players to have successfully introduced and scaled a newcomer to the raw materials market. Today more than 50,000 tons of krill meal is produced each year.

New research aims to test 7 new raw materials over next 7 years

Aker BioMarine is now extending its research approach to a new study, collaborating with expert partners, including LetSea, the experimental and research center for aquaculture, along with the research institution Nofima. Together, these aquaculture players are launching a large-scale research trial that aims to revolutionize the raw materials space, a project aptly titled the “Raw Materials Revolution”.

The project plans to address the urgent need for more sustainable ingredients in aquaculture by exploring seven new raw materials in just seven years.

“Norway alone has an ambition to triple its production of salmon and trout by 2050. On top of that, the Norwegian government has asserted that all fish feed used in the country must be sustainably sourced by 2030. That means that we must move quickly, within the next seven years, to find raw materials that will meet rising sustainability standards of our industry,” says Matts Johansen, CEO, Aker BioMarine.

Antarctic krill has been the topic of scientific research for the past 15 years. Aker BioMarine has contributed its krill products to many studies, and the company’s inhouse scientists have published more than 200 articles, in an effort to unearth the nutritional effects that krill has on the growth performance and disease resistance of the marine species in scope. This approach has resulted in extensive, new

knowledge about krill and its unique qualities that can transform a nutritionally scarce feed into a nutrient-rich one, even at minimal levels of inclusion.

Now the industry will have to speed up its development, as aquaculture doesn’t have 15 more years to spare in the search for new raw materials. Refining new ingredients and bringing them to market is a historically expensive and time-consuming process. But through a strong partnership model and research approval we hope to receive from the Norwegian Directorate of Fisheries, Aker BioMarine is confident that seven years from now, the industry will be able to rely on a more innovative, sustainable, and nutritional mix of feed ingredients than it does today.

Raw materials suppliers take more active role in the future of aquaculture

“What’s unique about this new research endeavor is that we, the raw material supplier, are taking an active role. Most research done before now puts the ingredient supplier in a passive role. We contribute it, they test it. Now, we are in an active position, running our own large-scale research trial, and working with key partners to stimulate greater sustainable growth in our industry,” adds Johansen.

This large-scale raw materials trial will be conducted in Helgeland, Norway, at LetSea, Norway’s largest research center for aquaculture. LetSea is focused on sustainable production in aquaculture, along with improving fish health while reducing environmental footprint. Nofima will hold the scientific responsibility for the project, as this research institute has long been focused on documenting new, sustainable ingredients for salmon feed on both a small and large scale.

Aker BioMarine, as a frequent collaborator to aquaculture research studies, has a dedicated team of scientists who are constantly in search of more evidence and information related to the performance of krill as a feed ingredient and as a health and nutrition supplement for human consumption. The company has placed great emphasis on sustainability in its strategy, working

functional, sustainable ingredient that can make aquaculture production more efficient – producing healthier and larger seafood for the market. Its success would not be possible without the research behind it. That’s why we’ve invested in continually learning more about our core product. We are now applying the same approach to other, potential ingredients, seeking to make aquafeed even more sustainable while not diminishing nutritional levels,” explains Ragnhild Dragøy, Vice President Product Management, Aker BioMarine.

Antarctic krill will be one of the seven ingredients that are studied as part of the Raw Materials Revolution. While much is already known about krill, this new, large-scale trial will help accelerate its development, industrialization and phasing in of this ingredient in Norway’s aquaculture industry. The study acknowledges that not all raw materials are created equally, and a key focus is to ensure that the potential, new ingredients are nutritionally correct for the welfare and growth of the fish.

“Fish health and sustainability are far from mutually exclusive, and this research trial will prove that. We will spend the next seven years testing raw materials to discover which of these can

Research for integrated wastewater solutions through innovative membrane-based technologies. Training opportunities for industry on the use of prototype filtration systems. Testing and demonstrating scalable approaches focused on sustainability. Assist in identifying market opportunities and regulation assessment.

The MELoDIZER project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon Europe programme under grant agreement No. 101091915

AquaBioTech Group proudly participating in cutting-edge research for wastewater treatment.

Insects for feed and food

by Alex DIANA, Product Manager, Innovafeed, France

In recent years, the insect industry has been gaining traction as a sustainable and ethical alternative to traditional sources of animal protein. This is due to the high nutritional value of insectbased feed and food products, their environmental sustainability, and the low cost of production.

Insects have been a part of animal diets in the wild and likewise of the human diet for centuries, with many cultures around the world relying on various species for sustenance. Today, over two billion people worldwide consume insects in their diet, however, in the Western world their consumption has been limited to certain delicacies, due to cultural barriers and a lack of knowledge about the benefits of insects as a food and feed source. In recent years, however, this has begun to change, as more and more people are becoming aware of the benefits of eating insects, and the insect industry is starting to take off with entrepreneurs and investors looking to capitalize on the industry’s potential. Insect-based products, such as cricket powder, mealworms, and cricket chips, are now available in supermarkets and health food stores across the United States and soon in Europe after the recent authorization. The insect industry is based on the idea that insects are a sustainable and ethical alternative to traditional sources of animal protein. Insects require significantly fewer resources than traditional livestock, such as cows and pigs, and are much more humane in their production.

Insects for aqualculture

Today, the insect market continues to grow to offer a range of functional products and services related to insects, including insect-based feed, food, and other products. One of the biggest drivers of the insect industry is the high nutritional value of these animals. They are rich in protein, and essential fatty acids, and are an excellent ingredient for people and animals to improve their diets. This is of particular interest when used as a source of feed ingredients for aquaculture, due to their high nutritional value, low environmental impact, and ability to be farmed in large numbers. The use of insect proteins in aquaculture feed offers a number of benefits and is becoming an increasingly popular alternative to traditional protein sources, such as soy and fishmeal, and therefore entering the protein basket that the feed formulators use. In detail, black soldier fly meal is rich in protein, essential fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals, which are all important components of a healthy diet for fish and other aquatic organisms. Additionally, they represent a good source of iron, calcium, and other minerals, which are essential for the growth and development of fish and shrimp.

Another advantage of using insects in aquaculture feed is their low environmental impact. As mentioned already, insects are great bio-converter that can transform low-value agricultural coproducts into functional ingredients for the feed, requiring much less land, water, and feedstock to produce than traditional livestock. This makes them a more sustainable option for farmers

Image courtesy of ©Innovafeed

who are looking to reduce their impact on the environment. The combination of these factors makes the black soldier fly and other insects a much more ecofriendly and responsible choice.

On top of their functional benefits in fish nutrition, the use of Black Soldier Fly meal in aquaculture feed has also been shown to improve the health and growth of shrimp. Studies have found that shrimp fed a diet containing Black Soldier Fly meal show improved performance (+25% SGR & -30% FCR) and health (reduction of mortality for viral causes -44% and for bacterial challenge -22%), compared to those fed a diet of traditional feed sources, such as soy and fishmeal. Additionally, insects are a highly digestible source of nutrition, which can help to reduce the amount of waste produced by fish and other aquatic animals and improve the water quality in open and closed aquaculture systems.

Despite the benefits of using insects in aquaculture feed, there are still some challenges that need to be overcome in order to fully realize its potential. One of the biggest challenges is scaling up the production of insects to meet the growing demand for insect-based feed. This requires significant investment in research and development, as well as in infrastructure, such as insect farms and processing facilities.

as insect-based feed for livestock, pet food, and cosmetics. Insect-based feeds are becoming increasingly popular, as it offers a more sustainable and eco-friendly option for farmers who are looking to reduce their impact on the environment. Notably, insects are also being used as a source of protein in pet food, as they are a highly nutritious source of food for dogs and cats, and they can help to reduce the impact of pet food products on the environment.

In addition to food and feed, the insect industry is also developing a range of cosmetics and other products, including creams, soaps, and shampoos. These products are made using

Legal business advice:

• Mariculture and Aquaculture leases

• Aquaculture and mariculture disputes

• Commercial fishery issues

• Acquisition and ownership of fisheries

• Registration of fishing rights

• Defence of fisheries prosecutions

• Seizure of fishing vessels

• International fishing licenses

• High seas fishing

Image courtesy of ©Innovafeed

inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. The use of insectbased products in cosmetics is still in its early stages, but it is an exciting development that has the potential to revolutionize the cosmetics industry.

Despite the growth of the insect industry, there are still some challenges that need to be overcome in order to fully realize its potential. One of the biggest challenges is scaling up the production of insects to meet the growing demand for insectbased products. Today, only a few players have reached the industrial scale and to reach the next level for the rest of the industry it’s required significant investment in research and

development, as well as in infrastructure, such as insect farms and processing facilities. Another challenge is overcoming the cultural barriers associated with eating insects, as many people are still resistant to the idea of eating insects as food.

In conclusion, the use of insects in aquaculture feed offers a range of benefits, including high nutritional value, low environmental impact, and improved growth and health of fish and shrimp. The insect industry is still in its early stages with only a few companies that have commercial volumes available but it has the potential to revolutionize the way that we feed aquatic animals.

Image courtesy of ©Innovafeed

• SEA LICE POPULATIONS

• CATARACT PREVALENCE

• AGGRESSION DURING FEEDING

• ENERGY CONSUMPTION

• STORAGE SPACE & COSTS

• MEDICAL TREATMENTS

• FISH HEALTH & WELFARE

• MORTALITY RATES

• STABLE, CONTROLLED GROWTH

• LONGEVITY & EFFICACY

COMPLETE, TAILORED FEED BLOCK DIETS FOR LUMPFISH & WRASSE REDUCED IMPROVED Produced

• PRACTICAL FEEDING METHODS

• DAILY OPERATIONAL COSTS

FISH MANAGEMENT & SEA LICE CONTROL

About Jefo Nutrition Inc.

Since 1982, Jefo Nutrition Inc. has been located in SaintHyacinthe, Quebec, Canada with the goal to design solutions to meet the needs of the animal industry, with a forerunner vision. Backed-up by applied scientific curiosity, the passionate and creative team of animal scientists, veterinarians and Ph.Ds., bring real-life solutions to the table.

More info: https://jefo.ca/en/

Organic acids and essential oils boost gut health for rainbow trout

by Prof. David Huyben, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada

Restrictions on antibiotic use means the industry needs new mitigation strategies to improve the health and disease resistance of farmed fish. Functional feed supplements are one way we can support the growth of the aquaculture industry.

Our recent research on the gut health effects of feeding a mixture of organic acids and essential oils to rainbow trout shows promising results. Feeding a microencapsulated blend of organic acids and essential oils improves gut health and may serve as a part of an effective strategy to reduce antibiotic use in aquaculture.

The aim of our research, conducted in collaboration with Jefo Nutrition Inc., was to use a combination of traditional and advanced analytical methods to determine if these functional feed additives could improve the gut structure and microbiome of fish. More details on these new methods and our research below.

Background: Organic acids and essential oils (OA+EO)

Organic acids are short-chain compounds that are mainly used to alter the pH and preserve grains during storage. Essential oils are a complex mixture of volatile compounds extracted from plant raw materials, including thyme and cloves.

Both supplements are increasingly used in livestock feeds to improve gut health and disease resistance, although not much is known on their impacts on fish. Also, the combined use of both organic acids and

Guelph performed inflammation scoring and morphometrics on the proximal and distal intestine. They found that no inflammation existed, and villi length (wall of small intestine) was increased in fish fed the OA+EO treatment diet, compared to the control diet. Extended villi length and the absence of inflammation in the intestine suggest improved gut health and may lead to improved oxidative capacity and gut function.

Results: OA+EO reduce pathogens in the gut

Working with the Animal Health Laboratory at the University

of Guelph, my research team found that cultured bacteria levels and diversity of sequenced bacteria did not change, but specific species of bacteria were associated with each diet.

Aeromonas hydrophila and Acinetobacter species were found to decrease when fish were fed the OA+EO treatment diet. These bacteria are known pathogens that cause severe mortalities on fish farms. It seems feeding OA+EO could target these species and improve fish health and production.

Using OA+EO feed supplements to target pathogens may become essential in the future due to increasing resistance of Aeromonas and Acinetobacter pathogens to antibiotics and their restricted use in aquaculture operations. More research is needed since there are many OA+EO compounds and combinations to be tested, as well as figuring out downstream improvements on disease resistance and growth performance.

More info on this study can be found in the 2021 publication in the journal Microorganisms: https://www.mdpi.com/20762607/9/10/2063

About the Author and University of Guelph

The University of Guelph is ranked No. 1 in Canada for Agricultural Science, and 18th in the world for Food Science and Technology. Prof. David Huyben joined the University’s Department of Animal Biosciences in 2020 after completing his PhD and postdoc research in Uppsala, Sweden and Stirling, United Kingdom. His research mainly focuses on better understanding the nutrition, microbiome and health of farmed fish. Prof. Huyben is a co-chair of the University of Guelph’s Aquaculture Centre, which acts as a hub for aquaculture research, education and outreach in Ontario with links across Canada and internationally. More info: https://animalbiosciences.uoguelph.ca/ aquacentre/

Organic Aquaculture

Certified feeds for Use in Organic Aquaculture

by Phelly Vasilaki, RnD Manager & Vagelis Kolios, Technical Product Manager, Irida S.A.

Aquaculture is one of the most fast-growing food sectors and is expected to play a unique and vital role in supplying the growing demand for food the next decades. Aquaculture production has grown steadily over the past 40 years and has already surpassed by much the corresponding production of fisheries supplied through the conventional fishing industry. In parallel an increasing number of consumers and especially those of a younger age expect higher standards of production and particularly those surrounding the quality, origin, and sustainability of their food.

Organic food, be it of plant or animal origin is considered to be the preferred option that meets these specific standards and increasing numbers of consumers prefer it. This is reflected by the steady growth of organic food production, be it of plant or animal origin across the EU and global markets. Organic aquaculture certainly follows this trend, and production to organic standards has shown a steady increase within EU over recent years. One of the key requirements in organic aquaculture is that the feed that is provided must follow specific and recognised standards and be shown to do so by third party certification in order to be appropriate for use in organic aquaculture.

IRIDA is the leading producer of such certified feeds destined for Organic aquaculture in the Mediterranean. The company in

general, its raw material Purchasing Department as well as its Research and Development team have focused and in turn have specialised in this specific field of certified organic fish feed production. Much effort has been made in the participation in a number of EU research and other scientific programs which target the development of novel feeds appropriate for Organic aquaculture.

Organic aquaculture

Organic aquaculture arose from the overall organic agriculture movement encompassing plant as well as animal food production. Organic fish and shellfish farming is an ecofriendly management system, which was developed in order to address the environmental constraints which at times accompanied intensive aquaculture at least in the eyes of some consumers.

Globally, there are several organic standards frameworks that specify the principles and guidelines concerning organic food products. In the European Union, the framework that is most commonly applied comes under EU regulation No 2018/848. The latter defines the principles and guidelines for organic production and the labeling of organic products. This regulation also applies to organic aquaculture in the EU and sets specific principles and rules on the quality, safety, transparency, and sustainability of all organic aquaculture products within the community as well as those governing animal welfare.

In addition to this EU regulation governing organic production, there are other third-party bodies setting organic standards and

their certification such as Naturland, Soil Association, Bio Suisse and Vottunarstofan Tún. Often the latter set higher standards than 2018/848 and also focus on the social parameters of organic production and its contribution to local communities and other social stakeholders.

Status of Organic aquaculture in the EU

According to the latest EUMOFA’s report from 2022, the total EU organic aquaculture production for 2020 was estimated at 74,032 tonnes. This accounts only for 6.4 percent of the total aquaculture production in the community. However, on the other hand, it notes that there is a 60% increase in total organic aquaculture production compared to 2015 which back then amounted to just 46,431 tonnes and accounted for 4 percent of the total aquaculture production. This reflects a growing trend in production of organic aquaculture in the EU in total numbers as well as in the share of the total aquaculture production. This trend is expected to continue and further increase in the future not least due to the emerging EU initiatives like the Farm to Fork strategy which prioritize organic production.

As for the main species of organic aquaculture in the EU (2020) mussels represent 56.6% of total production, followed by salmon (17.3%), trout (6.2%), carp (4.8%), oyster (4.3%) and gilthead sea bream/ European sea bass (3.7%). Compared to the 2015 data, mussels showed a 128 percent increase mainly due to the relative ease of application of organic production standards and practices in mussels. It is also noteworthy that organic gilthead seabream/ European seabass were the only finfish groups with significant growth (38 percent) in the EU. Such production increased from approximately 2000 tonnes in 2015 to 2750 tonnes in 2020. Greece accounts for 57.2 percent of the total organic gilthead seabream/ European seabass EU production and was the main country behind the growth in the organic production of these species. Specifically Greek production has doubled from 720 tonnes in 2015 to 1,574 in 2020!

Specialist in the design and build of installations for the grain-processing and compound feed industry

Ottevanger Milling Engineers is supplier of machines, installations and complete process lines for the compound feed industry and grain processing companies.

Our expertise in project management, engineering and production ensures the successful realization of machines, process lines and complete installations

Fane Valley, Ierland | 60tph

Great upgrade of your feeds!

Feeds appropriate for use in Organic aquaculture

The new generation of consumers prefer organic products due to their reduced synthetic chemical loads as well as for animal welfare reasons. Arguably, the largest beneficiary of organic production is the environment. Organic certification does not necessarily mean that certified organic aquaculture has zero environmental impact, as no food production system can. The difference stems primarily from lower chemical outputs and better waste management, generally in organic compared to conventional production. In feeds, certified for organic aquaculture production, the fishmeal and the fish oil from wild-caught sources are replaced with fishmeal and fish oil from fishery by-products, and plant components/ raw materials come exclusively from organic certified agriculture. This leads to a lower environmental impact as a result of reduced fishing pressure on wild stocks, and reduced carbon footprint.

IRIDA, a leader in the production of certified feeds for organic aquaculture

As the leading producer of feeds certified for organic aquaculture in the Mediterranean area, IRIDA has to and does comply with all relevant EU regulations (specifically EU No 2018/848). The company is certified as such by BioHellas and Naturland. IRIDA’s portfolio of feeds certified and destined for organic aquaculture includes all sizes and life stages of fish. All raw materials of plant origin used in IRIDA’s organic fish feeds, originate from organic farming practices, and are formally certified as such. Fishmeal and fish oil originate from sustainable sources and all additives and natural antioxidants used are in full accord with current EU organic production regulations as well as third party certification where additionally required. In 2021 the volume of sales of certified organic aquaculture feeds in IRIDA accounted for 6.1% of the total sales volumes.

IRIDA’s Research and Development team is focused on improving the biological and economic performance of farmed

aquaculture species based on the development of sustainable fish feeds which assure fish health and welfare. To achieve this goal the team collaborates with several research centers and Universities across the EU as well as with field trials with key fish farming customers involved in organic aquaculture production.

Τhe most recent EU projects that IRIDA participated/ing in are FutureEUAqua and NewTechAqua.

In brief:

FutureEUAqua -Future growth in sustainable, resilient and climate friendly organic and conventional European aquaculturewas funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program and is coordinated by the Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research (NOFIMA). The program’s primary goal is the promotion of the sustainable growth of conventional as well as organic aquaculture in Europe, in order to deal with future challenges related to the growing demand for high-quality products from the consumers’ side. IRIDA’s role in the program was the design, development, and production of innovative fish feeds for conventional as well as organic farming of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and gilt-head sea bream (Sparus aurata).

NewTechAqua -New technologies, Tools and Strategies for a Sustainable, Resilient and Innovative European Aquaculture – is also funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 and is coordinated by the University of Bologna. The program aims at the growth and diversification of European aquaculture of fish, mollusks, and microalgae by developing and validating solutions of technological advance to secure sustainability. IRIDA’s role on the program was the design, development, and production of innovative experimental feeds for the organic farming of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) and meagre (Argyrosomus regius).

Phileo’s probiotics and active yeast fractions are designed for hatcheries and growing farms to support health, feed efficiency and growth performance . Our sustainable solutions bring innovative responses to fishmeal reduction stakes and environmental challenges. Act with nature for animal care.

Vitamin C in Aquaculture

by Mostafa El-gendy, Aquaculture Specialist, Egypt

any factors influence the immune response and the health status of fish. Among them are stressors and environmental factors of natural origin. Nutrients, micronutrients, and substances of no nutritional value can also modulate the immune response. Depending on type, amount, and duration of exposure, their effect can be either negative or positive.

Major defense mechanisms are temperature dependent and develop faster at the optimal temperature of the fish species concerned. Low temperatures are known to slow down all the metabolic processes, including the immune ones. However, high temperatures can also depress the immune functions. Transport, crowding, handling, and poor water quality cause a stress in fishes, the fish will react by secreting high levels of corticosteroids, which are known to be immunosuppressive. Pollutants (water quality and heavy metals) effects on the immune response, causing detrimental effects depending on the nature of the substance. Drugs such as antibiotics can also be immunosuppressive. A wellbalanced diet is essential for adequate host defense mechanisms as well as to optimise growth and the eating quality of fish for human consumption. Micronutrients such as antioxidant vitamins (vitamins C and E) have been demonstrated to have immunomodulatory properties when fed at elevated doses.

A Brief History of VITAMIN C and Health Status: Vitamin C was named by Drummond (1920) and was identified by Waugh and King in 1932 (Waugh and King, 1932).

MThe following year vitamin C was named ‘ascorbic acid’ by Szent-Giorgy and Haworth (1933). In 1961 rainbow trout with deformed vertebrae (scoliosis and lordosis) were found in many fishponds in Japan.

The fish had mainly been fed artificial dry diets, and the observations initiated experimental studies by Kitamura et al. (1965), showing for the first time a specific requirement for ascorbic acid (AA) in fish. (A requirement of vitamin C in fish was demonstrated for the first time in 1965).

Vitamin C is a natural vitamin and essential micronutrient that cannot be synthesised by fish and must be present in fish diets for proper functioning of the body. Ascorbic acid is a potent reducing and antioxidant agent that functions in fighting bacterial infections, in detoxifying reactions, and in the formation of collagen in fibrous tissue, teeth, bones, connective tissue, skin, and capillaries. Ascorbic acid requirement is increased in stressful situations. It is required for the biosynthesis of the collagen which is a pre-requisite for the formation of connective

tissue and increases the absorption of iron in fish. It prevents various diseases; Vitamin C also plays a significant role in the immune response and resistance to infectious diseases of fish, probably through its antioxidant properties. It is soluble in water and is easy oxidated by heat, light and metal. Most animals can manufacture vitamin C in sufficient quantities for normal growth and function, but many fish cannot because they lack the enzyme L-gulonolactone oxidase for its manufacture. Because of its modes of actions, vitamin C is involved in several physiological functions including growth, development, reproduction, wound healing, response to stressors and possibly lipid metabolism through its action on carnitine synthesis. Fish show deficiency signs if they are fed diets deficient in vitamin C. Most commercial feed ingredients are almost completely devoid of vitamin C and it has to be supplemented in the diets. However, vitamin C is very sensitive to oxidative destruction during processing and storage and thus a significant amount is lost at that time.

Species that cannot synthesise vitamin C instead absorb ascorbic acid by an active transport mechanism which is Na+-dependent. This active uptake of vitamin C seems to be very important at low doses; at high doses, uptake by passive diffusion also occurs. The uptake of vitamin C in cells such as lymphocytes, neutrophils, and leucocytes involves dehydroascorbic acid because ascorbic acid cannot cross their membrane. Once dehydroascorbic acid is taken up by the cells, it is rapidly reduced to ascorbic acid by an intracellular dehydroascorbic acid reductase. Vitamin C has no coenzyme functions, unlike other water-soluble vitamins, but acts as a cofactor in many reactions involving hydroxylating enzymes. Collagen synthesis (the hydroxylation of specific prolyl and lysyl

residues of procollagen) is catalyzed by hydroxylases dependent upon ascorbic acid. Hydroxyproline residues contribute to the stiffness of the collagen triple helix and bind carbohydrates to form intramolecular cross-links which give the structural integrity of the collagen, these tissues will therefore be damaged if the formation of collagen is impaired by insufficient vitamin C levels in the body. A second function of vitamin C is catecholamine biosynthesis in fish. Stress response is primarily controlled by the endocrine system via cortisol and catecholamines, whose synthesis depends upon ascorbic-acid-dependent hydroxylases. Vitamin C is also involved in other physiological processes such as tyrosine metabolism (the active degradation of tyrosine is made via two oxidases that are vitamin C dependent. In turbot,

World Leaders in Microwave Moisture Measurement

Hydro-Mix XT

Mixers, conveyors, Ducting System

Hydro-Mix HT

Mixers, conveyors, Ducting System, High Temperature

Hydro-Probe XT

Hoppers, chutes, belt conveyors

Hydro-Mix XT-EX

Certified for use in ATEX, IECEx and NEC/CSA Hazardous Locations (Dust)

vitamin C deficiency causes hypertyrosinemia and the excretion of tyrosine metabolites and metal ion metabolism. Vitamin C interacts with several metallic elements of nutritional significance such as selenium and reduces the toxicity of metals such as cadmium, nickel, lead. (the elements are transformed into their reduced forms, which are less absorbed and excreted more rapidly). Vitamin C is involved in the protection of cells from oxidative damage and the regeneration of vitamin E in its metabolically active form.

Tissue Distribution of Vitamin C

Source: adapted from Lim et al

Vitamin C is concentrated in many vital organs with active metabolism and is related to the dietary intake of the vitamin. Moreover, some tissues such as brain, thymus and leukocytes accumulate high concentrations of ascorbic acids. In these tissues, ascorbic acid levels seem to be retained longer in case of dietary vitamin C depletion compared to storage organs such as liver. The very high levels found in thymus, brain, and leukocytes confirm the hypothesis of the importance of ascorbic acid in preserving vital tissues from oxidation processes. Liver, head and kidney are important storage organs for vitamin C in fish. The high level found in the head and kidney is likely to be related to the presence of lymphopoietic tissues. Trunk kidney and spleen are also able to store a large amount of vitamin C. Trunk kidney is the site of chromaffin cells which are responsible for catecholamine biosynthesis. Ascorbic acid is concentrated at the site of catecholamine formation and it is released with newly synthesized corticosteroids in response to stressors.

Importance of vitamin C IN Hatchery (Reproduction and larval performance)

Ascorbic acid is an essential micronutrient in the diet of teleost fish, which do not have gulonolactone oxidase activity. Based on recent research, vitamin C needs for reproduction and early life stages of fish are 10 times the recommended dose for raising young adult fish, so diet with vitamin C content adequate for normal growth may not be sufficient for broodfish when the goal is to transfer ascorbic acids to embryos. Broodstock diet has been considered as one of the factors affecting fecundity, egg, and larval quality in fish. The accumulation of essential nutrients in eggs is dependent on the nutrient reserves in the female fish and the dietary nutrient input of broodstock in the period preceding gonadogenesis. Vitamin C is needed for maturation, reproduction and larval metamorphosis where beneficial effects include increased fertility, fecundity and egg quality. Nutrients in broodfish diet are transferred to oocytes through uptake of extraovarian substances from the maternal blood. Immersion enrichment of eggs is another approach to introduce compounds and nutrients into eggs, Immersion enrichment followed by feeding fry with vitamin C enhanced feed was also found to be an effective method. When eggs absorb water, it is possible to introduce compounds such as vitamins and minerals into the eggs with the water solution before water hardening. The fry produced from parents fed with elevated levels of vitamin C tend to have higher growth. Thus, there is a need in enhance ascorbic acid in the broodfish. Some species do not biosynthesise Vitamin C in their body because they lack the enzyme L-gulonolactone oxidase, which is the last enzyme of the biosynthetic pathway and therefore it must therefore be supplied to the fish through the feed.

Sources of Vitamin C

The best vitamin for health is a natural vitamin. Found in citrus and other fruits, and in vegetables, Some sources of natural vitamins that contain vitamin C are: (Broccoli; Guava, Red Paprika, Orange, Spinach, Nuts, Green Chili and Tomatoes). It can also be gotten from other fruits and vegetables such as asparagus, cabbage, potatoes, kiwi, watermelon, papaya, pineapple.

Signs of vitamin c deficiency and fish health

The importance of Vitamin C in farmed fish is well known in relation to good health and performance but it presents a challenge in the health of fish. The effects of ascorbic acid deficiencies or inadequacies vary with the age of the fish. The most notable pathological changes with vitamin C deficiency occur in supportive tissue (collagen, bone and cartilage), muscle development and blood-forming organs. Curvature of the spine (scoliosis) are the first clinical and macroscopic signs, (This is more visible in larvae and several fry than adult fish). Fish lying on their side, may exhibited abnormal swimming behavior. opercular and gill lamellar can also be deformed as a result of the deficiency (have shortened gill covers). Major signs of ascorbate deficiency include (reduced growth, scoliosis, lordosis, internal and fin haemorrhage, distorted gill filaments, fin erosion, anorexia and increased mortality Anorexia and lethargy also occurs and may result to fish showing internal or external hemorrhaging.

Deprived fish from vitamin C are more susceptible to stress and seem to develop impaired immune functions.These Signs suggest an increased demand for vitamin C when collagen synthesis is urgently needed to promote healing.

Tackling the vitamin C deficiency

The basic treatment involves vitamin C supplementation since no synthesis can occur in fish and attention should be taken on the account oxidation of vitamin C that can occur during feed processing and storage. More stable derivatives of vitamin C have been developed to minimize these problems by combining ascorbic acid with phosphate or sulfate. Fish are more prone to developing bacterial infections, and any of such problems that arise should be treated accordingly.

Conclusion

Vitamin C is one of the strongest antioxidants defense systems in fish. Phagocytes, major actors of the innate immune response of fish, contain a high concentration of vitamin C in their cytoplasm; this represents strong protection against the huge production of reactive oxygen species in fighting against pathogens. Vitamin C does not act alone: it collaborates with other antioxidants (vitamin E, antioxidant enzymes) to further strengthen the body antioxidant defense system.

The beneficial effect of a dietary supplementation of vitamin C above the recommended level for optimal growth has been demonstrated whenever the immune system is challenged (stressful situations, e.g., handling and grading, vaccination, winter wounds, disease outbreak, and sea transfer) and also after reduced intake during winter, So It is essential that fish feeds should be incorporated with the required dosages of Vitamin C supplement for proper functioning of the body.

Table 1: Recommended vitamin levels for aquaculture fish species

aquafeed.co.uk

GEPRO has developed into a constant and successful player in the aquafeed and the petfood industry for more than 50-year history and always meet challenges with innovative solutions.

Our head office and production site is located in Diepholz, Lower Saxony - in the immediate vicinity of the largest poultry production and processing facilities in Germany.

In addition to our headquarters in Diepholz, GEPRO has other locations around the world for your best possible service. Consistency and a high degree of reliability are essential.

Already some years ago our logo appeared in a new design. This is now also incorporated in our product portfolio. Consistency, innovation and a high degree of reliability are essential.

AQUAFEED

www.ge-pro.de

Woman in Aquaculture

International Women’s Day is on March 8 and women around the world will be both celebrating and fighting for the rights they have and do not have. Throughout history, women have had to fight to be able to vote, own a house and bank account, work and have equal rights. In many countries, women still fight for many of these things and more.

by Shannon Parsons, International Aquafeed, UK

The aquaculture industry still suffers from some inequalities from various areas. Women in many countries, especially developing countries, work in the fisheries and aquacultural sector and do not earn the same or receive the same benefits or security as men do in the industry. The reason for these inequalities varies from each country too and aren’t all down to a simple, single reason. However, improvements are made every day for the industry and women, providing solutions to current issues.

The current status

Including the secondary elements such as processing and trading, WorldFish accounted for 50 percent of the workforce in fisheries and aquaculture to be women. This is half of the industry run by women and yet due to sex-disaggregated statistics with many countries not collecting the correct data on women in aquaculture, the correct number of women in this industry remains unsure.

With aquaculture providing a significant amount of global food security as one of the fastest growing food productions, the demand for seafood rises. This demand also increases the demand for employees, therefore creating job opportunities appear and more women join the industry. However, many women are exploited for their contributions and work in aquaculture in certain parts of the world, specifically the more rural and developing countries. Despite this, there are many women who are rightfully recognised for their work and compensated significantly for it.

In developing and rural countries, women face challenges that prevents them from receiving the equalities within the industry that they deserve. These challenges tend to stem from both sexism and societal norms which prevents women from being able to earn the same wages as men or having the same career opportunities such as internships, promotions, and entrepreneurships being lower than men’s in fishers and aquaculture

Countries such as Bangladesh and Zambia exploit women through the use of societal norms, trapping women into low or unpaid work that primarily focuses within secondary fishery activities (e.g. net-mending, sorting, processing etc). 90 percent of secondary fishery activities in these developing countries are also worked by women, meaning that almost half of the overall aquaculture workforce in these countries are women. Women are the backbone for the rural, aquacultural economy with their significant contributions.

Improvements over the years

Over the last few years, the FAO have taken actions to help emphasise the inequality that women face and try to push for more action and opportunities for women to have. Some of the recent actions they’ve taken are:

• Released the voluntary guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty (SSF Guidelines) and was precedent as the first instrument to directly address gender inequality in fisheries during 2018.

• The Santiago de Compostela Declaration for Equal Opportunities in the Fishing Sector and Aquaculture made a clear request for improvement of women’s equalities and opportunities during 2018.

• Hosted the International Symposium on Fisheries Sustainability highlighting women’s roles and the need to

recognise and improve the equality and equity for women within the industry in 2019.

• In 2021 release the FAO Committee on Fisheries (COFI) Declaration for Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture which recognises the key importance of women to the industry and to ensure that women receive full access to opportunities that they otherwise may not have had.

Additionally, there are many women, organisations, and programs to boost women in the industry that deserve to be mentioned. Here are a few:

• SAGE (Seafood and Gender Equality) – an organisation to

Product Spotlight - The Samplex CS90 Bulk Truck Sampling Probe

Samplex is the UK's leading brand on the truck probe market, with many of the originally manufactured machines still in use worldwide today. The Samplex CS90 is robust, reliable, highly adaptable, and able to provide a truly representative sample of a bulk load.

The entire Samplex range of bulk samplers uses time proven electro-mechanical technology, completely eliminating the use of hydraulics and the associated risks of pressure hoses splitting, which could contaminate valuable loads.

Wide Range of Products

The C S90 and Unispear system is unique in its ability of being able to accurately sample, without modification, a range of dry powders including meal and flour, small seeds such as oilseed rape and linseed, plus cereals, maize, sorghum, soya beans, rice, pulses and animal feed pellets up to 16mm x 30mm. Due to the clever design of the spear, it is possible to vary the amount of product sampled to help to prevent excess product building up in the laboratory

More representative Sample Samplex truck probes deliberately don't use the more common and potentially flawed method of suction to collect product, as this has been demonstrated to possibly bias the collected sample with dust. Instead, they use positive air in conjunction with cyclonic action, and the design of the Unispear probe allows the product to fall directly into the airflow under gravity, and therefore provide a smaller, but importantly, more representative sample. Uniquely, Samplex fit all their probes with a twin variable aperture, to allow more or less product to be sampled as required.

The 340° rotation and telescopic arm allows for the variable sampling patterns required to meet ISO 24333:2009(E) standards.

To access further free information on the entire range of Samplex mechanical samplers, exclusively Made in Britain by Tekpro, or to find out how you could join the ever growing number of companies already trusting Samplex equipment to sample their bulk products, scan the following QR code:

building women’s power and influence in the U.S seafood sector.

• Kvarøy Arctic – Women in Aquaculture Scholarship Program (Applications for 2023 open in April)

• Hatch Group – Women in Ocean Food Innovation Program (Applications for 2023 ends March 28)

• Gender Aquafish – global information exchange site on gender relating to fisheries and aquaculture

What is to be done?

In order to create solutions that work for people of all genders, it is important to recognise how race, class, and gender interconnect and that everyone has different challenges due to their social and political identities –all of which require different solutions. This is called intersectionality. Acknowledging that more than most women are demerited by more one such challenge and providing them the support they need is a step forward in creating a solution. Scholarship programs and training will help combat the issue of women’s contributions to farms are generally invisible or unacknowledged. Finally, we also need to remember that progress towards women’s empowerment is not linear. Longer timeframes for research projects and development interventions stemming from these are needed to account for possible initial regression, as well as move beyond the economic dimension of women’s empowerment and trigger the deeper societal, institutional and individual changes required to achieve empowerment.

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY Tech update

SEASTAR

The EU-financed SEASTAR (SurvEillance of Aquaculture farmS with neTworks of underwAter sensoRs) adreses the full lack of digitalisation in the sector by exploiting innovative internet of underwater things technologies and integrating them with miniaturised wearable sensors to be placed on fish. This system promises underwater wireless monitoring infrastructure, which will allow the farmers to gather real time data on fish health which makes risk assessment, forecasting etc much easier. Control over large areas is ensured by the wireless mesh communication that ensures exchange of information at great distances, while precision control of assets takes place through an underwater GPS solution. All the components have been designed to be super low power and to last for years.

Technology with a potential to quadruple Scottish production Net9 System

New technology to support seafood production in exposed offshore locations could unlock an additional £4.2 billion in turnover for Scotland's aquaculture sector, following the results of a pioneering research project led by start-up Impact-9.

The company's Net9 system – a submersible, floating structure which utilises the ocean's natural ecosystem and conditions – is one step closer to becoming a commercial reality, with a proven design concept now ready to be tested at scale.

The breakthrough marks the end of the latest phase of the £200,000 Inflatable Marine Products for Aquaculture Containment Technology project (IMPACT), which was funded by the UK Seafood Innovation Fund (SIF) with additional support from the Sustainable Aquaculture Innovation Centre (SAIC).

Engineers from Tension Technology International (TTI) and blue economy project developer Simply Blue Group were also involved in the development work, looking at regulatory issues and fish health and welfare as well as the cost

challenges associated with bringing aquaculture into open ocean environments.

Once at full scale, a single Net9 pen could be used to produce up to 2,500 tonnes of salmon per annum, with oxygen-rich waters and conditions that mimic the wild helping the fish to thrive. Impact-9 has identified an opportunity to use the new technology within existing and planned offshore wind energy zones, where a small portion of these zones – around 12 x 12 km – would be enough to house 280 pens and quadruple Scottish production.

The position of wind turbines is typically determined by water depths, currents, and the need to avoid shipping lanes, which are also factors that would influence the suitability of a location for offshore aquaculture.

John Fitzgerald, CEO of Impact-9, says, “A move further offshore can pave the way for a new sustainable seafood industry of scale, worth billions of pounds in the UK alone. The economic potential is similar to that of offshore wind; however, it will occupy a relatively small amount of ocean real estate and could fit in with existing and planned offshore wind turbine arrays.

“In the same way that lithium-ion batteries are the key to green transport, we believe that smart flexible structural elements like those used in Net9 will be the enabler of offshore seafood production.

“The most exciting part of this phase of work was to see the positive cross-over between fish welfare and structural engineering. The potential for stormy weather is of course unavoidable in these environments, but the design of the system allows the net and the fish contained in it to move together with much more flexibility than a rigid structure.”

Impact-9's system uses a flexible structure which is designed to move with the waves and weather any storms, rather than fighting against the water, reducing the potential stress on fish.

Next year, the research team plans to begin building a unit suitable for technical demonstration at the European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC) in Orkney, which will also provide interested producers with an opportunity to see a model of the system in operation.

Tom Mackay, engineering manager at TTI, says, “This is part of a systematic engineering approach to address technical novelty and undergo carefully managed tests to qualify that new features will perform as desired. The process is similar to offshore renewable systems development, and we have brought to bear expertise from that sector to help Impact-9 manage the risk of adopting their novel structures in the Net9 application."

TECHNOLOGY SHOWCASE

Innovations this month

March 2023

In this month’s Product Showcase we address water quality in aquaculture, which is particularly crucial in RAS facilities, including a drain waste collection system, a smart monitoring system and a UV disinfection system, all to improve water quality in fish farming.

If you would like your product or service to appear in this section in a future edition of International Aquafeed and Fish Farming Technology magazine, then please contact us at editorial@perendale.co.uk

Optima Single Screw Extruder by Wenger

Engineered for Performance, Productivity, Efficiency & Return. More than 40 years of experience have resulted in refinements to Optima

Single Screw Extruders. Today, these extruders assure greater production potential with more available energy through the unique design of the screw flighting and barrel ribbing. They bring a 30 percent to 50 percent increase in production capacity, as well as improving control of product textural attributes and bulk density, reducing sensitivity to component wear, and improving mechanical energy utilisation.

Wenger re-engineered the extruder's drive components and preconditioning assembly, without compromising extruder control capabilities, finished product quality, ease of operation, or life of critical extruder components. Greater production output results in reduced capital equipment cost per unit of throughput.

https://wenger.com

A-BIOMASS™ by Ace Aquatec

A-BIOMASS™ is an advanced underwater camera designed to bring more efficiency and precision to biomass measurement and distributions of a range of fish species. Using the power of machine learning A-BIOMASS™ can help you gain an accurate insight into your pens without handling or manual intervention. Accurate weight estimation can lead to a better understanding of total biomass, which can help your farm stay within its stocking density quota.

The A-BIOMASS™ underwater camera helps farms more effectively monitor fish welfare, prevent mortalities, and provide transparency and traceability over the fish lifecyle and supply chain.

The system contains two stereoscopic cameras calibrated to take images synchronously. Through machine learning. Artificial Intelligence identifies fish and critical points, such as tail and fins, to measure fish height, weight, and length accurately. A-BIOMASS™ tracks multiple fish simultaneously, day or night, collecting significant amounts of data in a short period. https://aceaquatec.com

FLOBULL floating surface aerator by Faivre

With its two handles built into the float, this light and easily handled aerator is ideally suited to use in fish farming, ponds, pools, etc. The Flobull aerator projects a very emulsified spray of water into the air, thus providing maximum contact with the atmosphere. In this way oxygen in the air is transferred into the water. This process does not raise the water temperature because a sometimes warmer atmospheric contact is compensated through cooling caused by evaporation.

Despite their low electricity consumption, 180W to 1500W, Flobulls have a water mixing flow rate of 75 to 380m3/h. For a Flobull 1CV (750W), the high oxygen input into the water is 1.2 kg of O2/h. www.faivre.fr

SHOWCASE

IDAH pellet mills are born from years of experience and continuous improvements to ensure high production efficiency at the lowest cost.

IDAH has standardised the pellet die and the roller shell for aqua feed production. The compression ratio of their pellet die is specially designed to ensure compact and tough pellets with higher PDI. The roller shells are designed individually for each different hole size.

The “High Moisture Pelleting” method can be achieved through our advanced preconditioning technology. Careful control in the incorporation of heat, moisture, and time provides sufficient cooking for the production of premium quality feeds with good water stability to the market. In addition to altering the product quality, sufficient preconditioning also reduces wear out of the parts.

The “High Moisture Pelleting” method can be applied for the production of premium quality sinking feeds, including fish feed (for milkfish, tilapia, catfish, etc,) and shrimp feed. https://idah.com

A sinker tube helps prevent the shape and thus the net volume from changing in locations subject to many storms. The sinker tube is designed to make the handling of the net easier.

The sinker tube is lifted in “phases” using a winch on a boat, or mounted on the floating collar. This allows you to remove fouling while the fish is almost undisturbed in the lower part. Delicing can also be performed safely and controlled because you have good control over the volume of the net.

The weight of the bottom ring varies from 15-140 kg / m. The local conditions determine what weight the bottom ring should have. The open mesh ensures good through-flow and less growth, the “constant” cylindrical net volume means fewer injuries and stress. https://scaleaq.com

Pellet Mill by IDAH

Sinker Tube by Scale AQ

Aquaculture case study

new

in

Observers collected registered bycatch data from the Antarctic krill fishery in the Southern Ocean during the 2010–2020 fishing seasons. They found that the total catch of Antarctic krill increased from 200,000 tons to 450,000 tons, with the greatest increase over the last three years. Following an international method used to analyse such data, the observers found that the bycatch ratio (0.1–0.3 percent) was stable and well below other fishery bycatch levels.

“Overfishing is a big problem across the world's fisheries,” says Pål Einar Skogrand, VP Policy and Impact, Aker BioMarine. “However, this new data is very positive and demonstrates how krill fisheries can operate sustainably by ensuring a healthy population of target as well as non-target species in its fishing area. The krill fishery's low exploitation rate of the biomass, in conjunction with these new findings on the low bycatch, proves that the krill fishery operates well within ecosystem boundaries and is becoming a real model fishery on a global level.”

Krill, an important marine resource

Krill is the world's biggest biomass and the most underutilised marine resource. The enormous swarms of krill in the Southern Ocean are so dense they have been viewed high up above our earth's atmosphere and can be seen from space.

One key indicator to the healthy size of the krill mass is the growing abundance of whales and seals in Antarctica, which can be attributed to ample access to their main food sources, such as krill. The resurgent populations of these animals is a sign that they can thrive in fishing areas such as the Southern Ocean without an imbalance to the ecosystem.

Furthermore, the regulatory body of the Antarctic fishery, the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), ensures a healthy krill stock by using a precautionary, ecosystem-based approach designed to prevent krill harvesting that will have a negative impact on a harvested species or other species in the ecosystem. CCAMLR has set a catch quota of less than one percent of the total biomass in

the area regulated for fishing which makes it one of the most precautionary in the world.

Eco Harvesting contributes to almost zero bycatch rates

Eco Harvesting is Aker BioMarine's patented technology for continuous trawling. This technology ensures efficient and safe harvesting as the trawl is kept submerged under water for long periods at a time, compared to traditional trawling, where you haul up to ten times a day. When it comes to fisheries, hauling is regarded as high risk, specifically when the trawl is exposed and can lead to bycatch of non-target species and entanglement of birds. Eco Harvesting minimises this risk with lesser hauls. The system is also fitted with a mammal exclusion device and monitored by acoustic sensors ensuring mammals do not enter the trawl.

“At Aker BioMarine, our Eco-Harvesting technology helps us harvest krill in a sustainable and environmentally friendly way,' says Frank Grebstad, SVP Vessel Operations, Aker BioMarine. 'The mammal exclusion device within our Eco-harvesting technology has most definitely played a role in the low bycatch numbers as it helps reduce the risk of by-catch. Our operating model on fishing ground allows us to fish the high-density krill aggregations, this is key to our strong bycatch record. If we were to chase the lower density krill swarms in Antarctica there would certainly be more bycatch of other species in the mix and the krill fishery would not be such a clean fishery.”

“Antarctic krill is, and will remain, a novel part of the solution for our future food systems," adds Mr Skogrand. “800 million people are depending on food from the ocean today, and by 2050 this number will double. This makes krill the world's most abundant marine resource, not only an opportunity but a responsibility to utilise for health and nutrients. We already knew that the krill fishery is one of the best performing fisheries in the world in terms of ecosystem management, and this recent research indicates that it is also second to none in terms of how it actually operates and secures clean catches and low impact on the surrounding ecosystems."

The Antarctic krill fishery is the cleanest fishery in the world

A

science paper, published

Fisheries Management and Ecology, concludes that the Antarctic krill fishery is the cleanest fishery in the world in terms of it is extremely low bycatch rate.

Industry Events

Status updates for industry events amidst global effects of COVID-19 2023

2023 March

7

7th Annual Aquafeed Extrusion Conference

Bangkok, Thailand

https://aqfeed.info/e/1697

The 7th Annual Aquafeed Extrusion conference has returned for another year partnering with VIV and Texas University. Mark the calendars for the 7th of March at VIV Asia as the one-day conference will be held the day before the event begins in the IMPACT Arena. This rendition of the conference will specialise in extrusion and the related equipment for aquatic feeds. The one-day conference will feature a variety of industry expert speakers delivering innovative presentations on how users can make the best use of their extrusion machinery and aqua feed systems. It is an excellent educational opportunity so take advantage and register here- https://aqfeed.info/e/1713

7 Aquatic Asia

Bangkok, Thailand

https://aquafeed.co.uk/events/ aquatic-asia-2023/

International Aquafeed magazine would like to invite you to the next edition of Aquatic Asia Conference series on March 7th, 2023 in Bangkok Thailand.

Aquatic Asia is a one-day conference program featuring a variety of industry experts delivering brilliant presentations about the latest updates in both fish and shrimp nutrition.

8-10

VIV Asia 2023

Nonthaburi, Thailand www.vivasia.nl

10

Build My Feedmill Conference

Bangkok, Thailand mymag.info/e/1326

2023 April

18-21

LAQUA 23

Panama City, Panama www.was.org

28 - 30

AquaFuture

Santiago, Spain

https://en.aquafuturespain.com/

20-21

r ASTech

Lord, USA

www.ras-tec.com

2023

May

29-1

World Aquaculture 2023

Darwin, Australia

www.was.org

2023 June

21-22

Seagriculture Conference EU 2023

Trondheim, Norway

https://seagriculture.eu

2023 July

8-10

VIV Turkey

Istanbul, Turkey

www.vivturkey.com

2023 August

23-25

Aqua Nor Trondheim, Norway

https://aquanor.no

AquaFarm 2023

International aquafeed had the pleasure of attending this year's AquaFarm, at Pordenone Exhibition Centre in Pordenone, Italy. The event dedicated to innovative and sustainable aquaculture saw recordbreaking numbers this year. Aquafarm reported an over 62 percent increase in visitors compared to 2022.

Reference event on a global scale

The event, held 15 to 16 February, was the sixth edition of aqua farm and the fourth edition of NovelFarm. The focus this year was on current and future trends in food production.

The two days were incredibly insightful, with Aquafarm focusing on species breeding and algae cultivation. The event was an overwhelming Success, welcoming visitors from all over the globe. A total of 130 exhibitors showed, of which 35 percent were from abroad.

Notable attendees this year include the Ministry of Agriculture, Food sovereignty and Forestry, including Minister Francesco Lollobrigida at the opening conference.

The 7000-square-metre exhibition hall was buzzing with companies all over exhibiting their products and developing technologies. During the two days, more than 30 conferences took place, with 130 speakers from all over the world, highlighting many scientific topics in aquaculture.

Productive and worthwhile

International Aquafeed Magazine visited the booth’s of many, including Skretting, Veronesi, Faivre, Feamp, Aqualgae, Aller Aqua, BioMar, Technocage, Aquasoja, XtraCore, Calitri technology, Mg2mix, just to name a few.

During our visits, we had the pleasure of conducting interviews with API, PLP, Faivre, and Mg2mix. Roger Gilbert, Publisher and CEO of International Aquafeed Magazine, spoke to Pier Antonio Salvador, President of the Italian Fish Farmers Association, about

The Future Awaits

Built on partnership and innovation, Wenger is providing more opportunities for client success.

For almost a century, Wenger has delivered extrusion-based innovations to our partners. We’ve worked alongside you to develop new processing solutions and better products, providing our industry-leading expertise and ongoing support every step of the way.

We don’t plan on stopping any time soon.

Wenger’s global food processing family is growing, and we look forward to the exciting opportunities that lie ahead. We will continue to deliver even more innovations and technologies to benefit companies that share our vision of tomorrow.

Wenger.com

www.kaeser.com/aquaculture

current issues within aquaculture and its sustainability, and future opportunities. At the booth of Faivre, we spoke to Aubert Faivre, Commercial Director of Faivre, who showed us around the product they were showcasing this year, their 10-inch fish pump, made of stainless steel in their French factories.

Nicolas Tanrattana, Aquaculture engineer at Mg2mix, a French pre-mix company, with a lot of experience in the poultry, swine, cows business, now beginning to expand and develop their activities in the fast-growing aquaculture market. International Aquafeed Magazine also got to speak to Marco Prati, Managing director of PLP & Sergiu Ancau, Technical Sales Advisor at PLP, who spoke on the developments in aquaculture, and the focus on growing the quality of fish.

You will be able to see these interviews featured in our future editions in the IAF TV section, and all videos will be available to view on our YouTube channel and website https://aquafeed.co.uk/videos/

The next event is scheduled for 14 to 15 February 2024 in Pordenone.

Seagriculture AsiaPacific held for the first time in virtual format

Seagriculture conference, as one of the leading conferences in the seaweed industry sector, is expanding and was organized online for the first time in the Asia-Pacific region on 8 & 9 February. The conference welcomed 187 attendees from 113 companies and 31 countries worldwide.

Some 23 speakers presented their topics during a 2-day conference program, which included special features such as a virtual seaweed tour and a panel discussion on seaweed state of play in Asia-Pacific. The first edition is mostly focused on seaweed farming in Asia-Pacific, as the region is the world's leading seaweed producer, which is expected to reach nearly US$16 billion by 2029.

The first Asia-Pacific conference was held online, which allowed participants from all over the world to join these two days of the conference. The organizers will announce the dates for the next edition soon.

Keynote speakers from FAO and Climate Foundation

Keynote speakers Simon Funge-Smith, Food and Agriculture Organization’s (FAO) regional office for Asia and the Pacific, Thailand; and Brian Von Herzen, Climate Foundation, Australia, talked about the current production of seaweed in Asia, trade and social challenges, hurricane-proven offshore seaweed mariculture, deepwater irrigation, and climate disruptions.

The organizers did their best on the program to fit only important and vital information from seaweed experts from the region. In the six session topics, ranging from smart farming technologies to seaweed nutriceuticals, some 20 experts explored the regional aspects of cultivation, processing, sales and business planning in kelp farming as well as technical trends and prospects for the future. Interactive discussions were an important part of all sessions over the two days.

Session topic 1: Smart seaweed farming

The first session discussed new trends in seaweed farming, mechanization, new technologies and smart farming aspects. Shrikumar Suryanarayan from Sea6 Energy talked about farming tropical seaweed as a scalable and sustainable future industrial feedstock. Job Schipper from SWD Connectors presented scaling of the seaweed farms. Tran Dinh Luan, a General Director of D-Fish, shared his experience in important aspects of seaweed farming.

Session topic 2: Seaweed business/investment aspects

The seaweed experts informed delegates about the business aspects of seaweeds. Paul Dobbins from World Wildlife Fund, Koji Yamamoto from Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC), and Karlotta Rieve from Hatch Blue shared insights and ideas on new markets for a productive, scalable and responsible seaweed farming.

Session topic 3: Panel discussion: Current situation of seaweed in Asia-Pacific

During this online panel discussion moderated by Fionnuala Quin from Kelpy - Seaweed Biopackaging and 3 seaweed

experts including Maya Puspita from SELT Alga Indonesia and Indonesian Seaweed Association (ARLI), Jo Kelly from Australian Seaweed Institute, and Dr CRK Reddy from Institute of Chemical Technology discussed various topics related to seaweeds to describe the seaweed state of play in this area. The themes that were covered are acquiring cultivation permits, postcorona situation, and health aspects of seaweeds.

Session topic 4: Seaweed breeding and disease aspects

Experts shared their knowledge on breeding and disease aspects related to seaweed cultivation. Scott Lindell from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution talked about a selective breeding program to improve the productivity of sugar kelp, Nita Rukminasari from Universitas Hasanuddin discussed modeling of tropical seaweed cultivation, and Professor Michael Y. Roleda talked about current eucheumatoid research in the Philippines.

Session topic 5: Seaweed applications

Rob Kinley from Australian company FutureFeed presented evolution through the foundation story to the up-to-date status of Asparagopsis science. Jang K. Kim, a professor from Incheon National University, discussed the carbon dioxide removal (CDR) capacities of marine macroalgae and potential applications of macroalgal biomass with case studies in Korea. Pia Winberg from PhycoHealth and Venus Shell Systems discussed the wide diversity of nutritional profiles and biochemistry of seaweeds.

Session topic 6: Virtual seaweed tour around the world

Mitchell Lench, Founder of Ocean’s Balance, US; Stephanie Debels, SEACROPS, Belgium, professor Alejandro Buschmann, Universidad de Los Lagos, Chile; Josh Castle, Aboitiz

Reimagine, Philippines; and Jorunn Skjermo, SINTEF, Norway presented what their organizations are doing to improve seaweed production, propose possible ways of cooperation or innovative solutions.

Guest Speaker

Scott Lindell, a Research Specialist from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, was a guest speaker at Asia-Pacific edition. Scott Lindell has already participated in Seagriculture and is a Gold Winner of Seagriculture USA 2022 Innovation Award. Scientist talked about seaweed farming and its expansion in the Gulf of Maine over the past decade.

The new Seagriculture Asia-Pacific conference was closed by Professor Catriona Hurd, University of Tasmania, Australia and co-chair of the 24th International Seaweed Symposium.

Kuno Jacobs, Managing Director of DLG BENELUX stated: “Seagriculture shows that it is a great and important way to bring people together to discuss important topics, receive insights, network with experts or enthusiasts who are only just starting with their seaweed activities. We are glad that we can expand the boundaries of our conference by making it global, and we are glad that the first edition was held in such a friendly and supportive atmosphere. We see that Asia-Pacific has a huge potential and we are committed to contribute to the development of the blue economy in this important region”.

Upcoming Seagriculture events:

- Seagriculture EU, 21 – 22 June 2023, Trondheim, Norway

- Seagriculture USA, 6 – 7 September 2023, Portland (ME), USA

- Seagriculture Asia-Pacific 2024 (the dates and time are going to be announced soon)

EXTRUSION AND EXPANSION TECHNOLOGY YOU CAN TRUST

Capacity:

The Almex AXT 220 Single screw extruder consists of a robust base frame that supports the main motor, gearbox, and extruder barrel. This frame can be executed in mild steel or stainless steel for extended lifetime. The direct coupled inline geared motor ensures the optimal energy efficiency.

10,0 - 12,0 t/h (indication only)

with the Extruder AXT 220

VIV ASIA 2023 PRESENTS OVER 100 SESSIONS FROM INDUSTRY EXPERTS

Extensive conference program on all latest industry trends and developments

VIV Asia, the leading international trade exhibition and conference for the animal protein production supply chain in Asia, announces its conference program at the show. With a focus on cutting edge know-how, the conference program will offer attendees a unique opportunity to gain insights into the latest innovations and technologies, as well as best practices from leading industry and research experts.

With over 200 high-level speakers joining from all over the world, the conference program is shaping up to be one of the most comprehensive and informative events in the industry. VIV Asia 2023 offers over 100 conferences and sessions. These sessions are initiated by the organizers, exhibitors, leading research institutes, knowledge partners and industry associations. Attendees will have the chance to hear from experts on a wide range of topics f.e. on early feeding, feed efficiency or controlling Avian Influenza, maximizing dairy farm margins, improving gut health and sustainable solutions for animal production. Some of the conferences require an entry fee, but the majority of the program is free to visit.

A broad selection of topics

On 8 March, Tony Hunter, Global Food Futurist at Future Cubed, kicks off with "Reimagining the Global Food System". Feeding 10 billion people by 2050 means that the Food, Beverage & Agriculture industries are at the forefront of meeting this challenge. Our current food system can’t equitably and sustainably feed the increasing population. New technologies, doing more with less, are rising to the challenge, enabling us to reimagine a more sustainable and equitable global food system. Aquaculture specialists have the opportunity to attend two conferences the day prior to the show on March 7th. The first is Aquatic Asia Conference and themed 'Transformation to Sustainability', while the second is the 7th edition of the annual Aqua Feed Extrusion Conference, co-organized by VIV, International Aquafeed and Fish Farming Technology magazine as well as Dr Mian Riaz of Texas A&M University. This specific rendition of this conference focuses on extrusion machinery and aquatic feed systems, and will include speeches from industry professionals which will offer inspiring ideas on how users can better utilize their extrusion equipment.

As the world looks to a more sustainable future, production practices will have to adapt to meet new demands. At VIV Asia 2023, there will be a range of sessions dedicated to future

proofing the business. From alternative protein solutions and feed for the future, to smart factories and waste management, visitors will be able to explore the latest developments in sustainability. Plus, with a focus on energy-efficient production, attendees can be inspired how to make their business more environmentally friendly. With so much change on the horizon, these sessions are essential for anyone wanting to set themselves up for success in the future.

The program covers a vast majority of subjects for the production of poultry, dairy, swine and aquaculture. It has been set up in cooperation with many high-standing partners, such as the Good Food Institute Asia Pacific (GFI APAC), Thai Union Group PLC, The Halal Science Center, Chulalongkorn University, Thai Automation and Robotics Association (TARA), Misset International, WATT Global Media, Perendale Publishers, Asian Food and Feed Insect Association (AFFIA), Thai Ruminants Veterinary Association (TRVA), Thai Holstein Friesian Association, Thai Feed Mill Association (TFMA), Department of Livestock Development (DLD), Federation of Asian Veterinary Associations (FAVA), International Poultry Council, and many more. These partnerships help to ensure that attendees will have access to the latest information and research in the field.

Topics related to food engineering and future food

GFI APAC will be hosting “How Meat Producers Can Benefit from the Alternative Protein Boom” on 8 March, and Thai Union Group PLC will present “Delighting Customers and Consumers with Alternative Proteins through Application Development”. The co-located show Meat Pro Asia also has a conference highlight focusing on sustainability, showcasing new solutions provided by Multivac Group, Mayekawa, Bizerba Southeast Asia and HiperScan GmBH. To add to that, top brands from the food engineering sector will talk about the latest trends in Food safety (Ecolab, Mettler Toledo, Rieckermann and Marel) and Halal food courtesy of The Halal Science Center at Chulalongkorn University during the exhibition at Jupiter 4, IMPACT.

The first sessions are now open for sign-ups and can be viewed on the exhibition website. VIV Asia 2023, co-located with Meat Pro Asia, will take place from March 8-10, 2023 at IMPACT in Bangkok, Thailand. Both exhibitions will open their doors from 10:00-18:00 hrs during all 3 days. For more information or to register for the event, please visit www.vivasia.nl

ADISSEO, LEADER IN LYSOPHOSPHOLIPID SOLUTIONS FOR

Dedicated production platform

Superior product specifications

Scientifically proven mode-of-actions

Hands-on application expertise

Effective feed cost reduction

AQUACULTURE www.adisseo.com

above the other, the maximum flexibility has been raised to an even higher level.”

Latin America’s largest dedicated event for the animal feed and grain handling & processing industries

With Victam LatAm, Victam also has its Latin American platform, where the focus will be on the opportunities in Brazil and its surrounding countries Argentina, Colombia, Peru etc. As in other parts of the world, Victam will be launched in parallel to Grapas, the event for grain, rice, soy and flour handling & processing and association GEAPS. Together the three events are the place to be for feed and grain handling & processing.

The exhibition is a ‘one-stop’ show where the latest innovations in the field of animal feed and grain and soy handling & processing will be showcased. With the opportunity to connect with (key) players and enjoy the sights and sounds of São Paolo, this event offers top tier networking and conferences with key topics in your industry.

First time in Latin America!

Let’s kick-off with some interesting facts about Latin American compound feed production:

1. Latin America forms 16 percent of the total world compound feed production

2. Two of top global compound feed manufacturing countries (Brazil #3, Mexico #5) are located in Latin America.

3. In 2020, Brazil continued to top the list of countries with the highest levels of certified soy production, at approximately 3.7 million tonnes. Other relevant countries in the sector are Paraguay, Argentina and Uruguay in Latin America, with a total of 248,000 hectares and 774,000 tonnes (RTRS, 2021). It is expected that the current soybean production in Brazil, will be increased by 36 percent by 2035 without deforestation and with a notable reduction in greenhouse gas emissions (Source: Nature Sustainability, 2022). Then the question remains, where do you organise an event in Latin America, is it in Brazil or a Spanish-speaking country?

In 2021, Latin America experienced moderate growth of 0.5 percent, and Brazil remained the leader in feed production for the region and ranked third overall globally (Source: World-Grain, SOSLAND Publishing 2021). The Brazilian animal feed sector saw good results the past years despite limited state support and consequences of the pandemic. Most feed producers are ready for further investments as local farmers are increasing spending on high-quality animal feed.

The increased demand creates conditions for market consolidation and growth where innovative manufacturing technologies and product solutions are introduced (Source: Feed Strategy, 2022).

With a population of 230 million people, Brazil's population is as large as all other countries in South America together. It also stands head and shoulders above the other countries in terms of animal feed companies and grain, corn and soy production, which was the deciding factor for us to organise the event in Brazil.

In short, Latin America is a market with a lot of potential and is currently becoming an increasingly important market for our parties. The Victam Platform could be a great help in entering or expanding in the market. Our main aim is to be an international event for the entire continent, so the purpose is to attract important visitors from surrounding countries such as Argentina, Colombia and Peru. To be able to realise this, São Paulo; the economic capital of Latin America, is the place to be because of the allure and the central location (flying options).

Who is this event particularly interesting for?

Victam focuses on the niche of animal feed industry. With this we specialise on a selective yet diverse group and offer the maximum. For exhibitors, we actually have everything that is necessary within the factories and at farms to produce animal feed, machines, ingredients and all related services. The visitors are mostly producers of animal feed. This applies also for the LatAm event, although the market is organised with a special twist. For example, large farmers and cooperatives are also important visitor groups in Latin America and government agencies play a more important role in the chain than here in Western Europe.

In addition to Victam, we also organize GRAPAS, our title for the flour processing industry, and this industry is especially important in Latin America. This is also the reason why we have partnered with GEAPS and RTRS for instance, because these are associations that have their roots in grain handling and sustainable soy industry. This makes the event broader, deeper and more accessible. The foregoing implies that we cover both niches without losing focus as the two complement one another; the ingredients themselves and the entire procession.

Industry-based conferences and seminars during the LatAm event

Wageningen University, together with the Victam Foundation, seizes the opportunity of this event to organize a local edition of the international feed technology conference (IFTC). Speakers from various universities in institutions in South America have already confirmed their presence. Through this conference, we at Victam are once again making the link between knowledge and practice. Our partner RTRS organizes a two-day round table session on sustainable soy and GEAPS organizes various seminars and workshops for grain handling. As for sustainability, this is an actual and crucial subject where the market in Latin America is already a bit further along. Both on the short- and long run, this theme is something that we certainly want further to expand, starting today!

There will be also conferences in partnership with our key media partner Perendale. There will be an extrusion conference on pet and aqua feed. Another conference will be about feed mills maximised. For this conference, we will invite speakers from important feed mills in Latin America. These specialists will illustrate the current situation and elaborate on future visions ending with a table session with suppliers in the industry.

We have also joined an online milling school, where we want to bring the technical employees from Brazilian feed mills to the fair for the last session of the course and graduation ceremony. Interesting for the students and of course the exhibitors. Apart from that, we have a full program of shorter sessions on a variety of industry topics. Stay tuned and check our website www.victamlatam.com regularly for updates and detailed program information!

Words from Patrons – Wenger

“Our Wenger, one of our highly valued founding companies, is participating at events for aquatic and pet food organised by Victam. With this event in Latin America, it is a great opportunity for Wenger to expand their presence within this area and establish lasting relations.

Wenger is a global, family-owned business committed to groundbreaking innovation, shaping the industry’s future at engineering, manufacturing, research and administrative facilities in Kansas, Brazil, Turkey, Belgium, India, Taiwan and Beijing.

For this edition, we are delighted to give the floor to Dennis Funk, Vice President of Wenger Manufacturing, to tell us more about their company and success factors. This interview contains information based on the pet food sector.

What makes participating to this upcoming event in LatAm different than the other markets/events?

Wenger works with many clients in Latin America and this is an excellent opportunity to meet with them to discuss their needs and how Wenger can work with them.

What are your expectations of Victam LatAm?

Wenger’s process expertise in extrusion cooking is world-class, so anytime we can meet with industry professionals, buyers, business owners, etc. to talk about extrusion, it will be a success.

How do you see this partnership evolving in the future?

Our participation in exhibitions is driven largely by the involvement of our clients. As long as they find value in this event, we will likely continue to support it.

What is Wenger’s vision on sustainability?

Extrusion cooking and subsequent drying processes can require significant amounts of energy. Wenger offers a variety of process, technology, and automate controls solutions aimed to reduce energy usage and to accommodate alternative energy sources per our customers’ specifications. Sustainability is very important to Wenger and we are constantly looking at innovative ways to achieve this.

What are today’s trends within the industry and how do you keep up with these?

The inclusion of fresh meat is quickly becoming a must-have in the product portfolio of most pet food manufacturers. This is no longer a niche market. However, it can be a challenge to manufacture if you don’t have the right type of equipment or process knowledge. For example, an older-style extrusion system will likely be inefficient – and ineffective - to process fresh meat inclusion. Older style systems tend to clog up quickly and/or produce kibble that is too fragile to withstand further processing. Fortunately Wenger has a system – The Thermal Twin – that can produce kibble with very high inclusions of fresh meat. In fact, this is the only extruder on the market with proven performance for this type of food and treats.

What is the biggest challenge within the industry that you are currently facing?

Globally, Wenger’s pet food clients are facing challenges in sourcing ingredients and in the inflationary costs of these ingredients. Wenger continues to work with our clients to maximize their ingredient costs and usage by way of our extremely flexible and efficient systems. Our long-time focus on efficiencies and flexibility have helped our clients navigate fluctuating ingredient supplies and have limited unnecessary waste and rework.

What is Wenger’s greatest accomplishment that you are the most proud of?

Often times, clients initially choose Wenger when they have a challenging project or business needs. Once they employ our systems, they usually become repeat clients. Since every client is different, our greatest achievements happen almost daily as we meet each of our clients’ specifications and help them push the boundaries for nutrition, quality, and uniqueness in pet foods.

What’s the main message you have for the readers?

There is a reason Wegner is one of the tops in extrusion for pet food. When you work with Wenger, you gain the process expertise and innovative equipment solutions needed to improve the products – and profitability – of the nutritional products you make and distribute to pets around the world.

aquafeed.co.uk/web/companies

Welcome to the market place, where you will find suppliers of products and services to the industry - with help from our friends at The International Aquafeed Directory (published by Turret Group)

Aerators

Air products

Faivre

+ 33 3idah 81 84 01 32

www.faivre.fr

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1603

Kaeser Kompressoren

+49 9561 6400

www.kaeser.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1035

Additives

Dibaq

+34 921 574 286

https://dibaqacuicultura.es

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1604

DSM

+43 2782 8030

www.dsm.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1605

Evonik

+49 618 1596785

www.evonik.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1606

Jefo

+1 450 799 2000

https://jefo.ca

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1607

Liptosa +34 902 157711

www.liptosa.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1608

ORFFA

+32 479 50 09 08

https://orffa.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1278

Phibro

+972 4 629 1833

www.phibro-aqua.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1609

Analysis

SAS Laboratories Phode

+33 5 63 77 80 60

www.phode.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1644

R-Biopharm +44 141 945 2924

www.r-biopharm.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1645

Romer Labs +43 2272 6153310

www.romerlabs.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1610

Amino acids

Bulk storage

Evonik +49 618 1596785

www.evonik.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1606

Silo Construction & Engineering +32 51723128

www.sce.be

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1611

Symaga

+34 91 726 43 04

www.symaga.com

aqfeed.info/e/1647

TSC Silos +31 543 473979

www.tsc-silos.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1612

Conveyors

Cablevey Conveyors +1 641 673 8451

https://cablevey.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1613

Vigan Enginnering +32 67 89 50 41

www.vigan.com

aqfeed.info/e/1648

Computer software

Inteqnion

+31 543 49 44 66

www.inteqnion.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1277

Coolers & driers

Bühler AG

+41 71 955 11 11

www.buhlergroup.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1614

Consergra s.l

+34 938 772207

www.consergra.com

aqfeed.info/e/1650

FAMSUN

+86 514 85828888

www.famsungroup.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1034

FrigorTec GmbH

+49 7520 91482-0

www.frigortec.com

aqfeed.info/e/1652

IDAH

+866 39 902701

www.idah.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1615

Wenger Manufacturing

+1 785-284-2133

www.wenger.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1616

Yemmak

+90 266 733 83 63

www.yemmak.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1617

Drum filters

Faivre + 33 3 81 84 01 32

www.faivre.fr

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1603

Faivre is a French company, and one of the world leaders in the conception, manufacture and production of aquaculture machines. Since 1958, thanks to their knowledge of the market and strong experience in aquaculture, Faivre has developed high quality products to satisfy all of your needs, from one product to the full installation. Strength, effectiveness and simplicity are the qualities of their production. aqfeed.info/e/1603

Yemmak

+90 266 733 83 63

www.yemmak.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1617

Zheng Chang +86 2164184200 www.zhengchang.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1623

Feed and ingredients

Adisseo

+33 1 46 747104 www.adisseo.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1624

Aller Aqua

+45 70 22 19 10 www.aller-aqua.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/961

Alltech

+44 1780 764512 www.alltechcoppens.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1625

Anpario +44 1909 537 380 www.anpario.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1626

Elevator buckets

Tapco Inc +1 314 739 9191

www.tapcoinc.com

aqfeed.info/e/1654

Elevator & conveyor components

4B Braime +44 113 246 1800

www.go4b.com

aqfeed.info/e/1655

Enzymes

DSM

+43 2782 8030

www.dsm.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1605

Evonik

+49 618 1596785

www.evonik.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1606

Equipment for sale

ExtruTech Inc

+1 785 284 2153

www.extru-techinc.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1618

Extruders

Almex

+31 575 572666

www.almex.nl

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1279

Buhler AG

+41 71 955 11 11

www.buhlergroup.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1614

IDAH

+866 39 902701

www.idah.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1615

Ottevanger

+31 79 593 22 21

www.ottevanger.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1621

Wenger Manufacturing

+1 785-284-2133

www.wenger.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1616

Feed Mill

Biorigin

www.biorigin.net

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1627

GePro

+49 54415 925252 www.ge-pro.de aqfeed.info/e/1656

Grupo Dibaq +34 921 574 286

www.dibaqacuicultura.es

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1604

Grand Fish Feed +202 20 650018

www.grand-aqua.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1628

Jefo +1 450 799 2000 https://jefo.ca

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1607

Liptosa +34 902 15 77 11

www.liptoaqua.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1608

Phileo (Lesaffre animal care)

+33 3 20 81 61 00

www.lesaffre.fr

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1629

TekPro

+44 1692 403403

www.tekpro.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1631

Van Aarsen International +31 475 579 444 www.aarsen.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1632

Fish counters Faivre + 33 3 81 84 01 32 www.faivre.fr PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1603

Fish Graders

Fish pumps

aqfeed.info/e/1603

Faivre + 33 3 81 84 01 32 www.faivre.fr PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1603

Grinders

Grand Fish Feed +202 20 650018

www.grand-aqua.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1628

Hammermills

Dinnissen BV +31 77 467 3555

www.dinnissen.nl

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1633

Yemmak +90 266 733 83 63

www.yemmak.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1617

Yemtar +90 266 733 8550 www.yemtar.com aqfeed.info/e/1657

Moisture analysers

Hydronix +44 1483 468900 www.hydronix.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1634

Packaging

FAWEMA / The Packaging Group +49 22 63 716 0 www.fawema.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1635

Paddle Mixer Anderson www.andersonfeedtech.com aqfeed.info/e/1658

IDAH +866 39 902701 www.idah.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1615

Palatability enhancers

Symrise https://aquafeed.symrise.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1739

Pellet mill

IDAH +866 39 902701 www.idah.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1615

PTN +31 73 54 984 72 www.ptn.nl

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1636

Plants

Buhler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1614

•

•

•

•

•

Pulverisers

Dinnissen BV +31 77 467 3555

www.dinnissen.nl

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1633

FAMSUN

+86 514 87848880

www.muyang.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1034

Ottevanger +31 79 593 22 21

www.ottevanger.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1621

Yemmak

+90 266 733 83 63

www.yemmak.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1617

Yemtar +90 266 733 8550

www.yemtar.com

aqfeed.info/e/1657

Zheng Chang

+86 2164184200

www.zhengchang.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1623

IDAH +866 39 902701

www.idah.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1615

Probiotics

DSM

+43 2782 8030

www.dsm.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1605

Royal DSM is a global, purpose-led company in Health, Nutrition & Bioscience, applying science to improve the health of people, animals and the planet. DSM’s purpose is to create brighter lives for all. DSM’s products and solutions address some of the world’s biggest challenges while simultaneously creating economic, environmental and societal value for all its stakeholders - customers, employees, shareholders, and society at large. DSM and its associated companies employ approximately 23,000 people around the world and deliver annual net sales of about €10 billion.

DSM use their bright science to deliver positive transformations at scale for as many people as possible today and for generations to come, operating within the constraints of the world’s finite resources. DSM aim to redefine how they live and work in order to create a fairer, more prosperous and more sustainable society.

In Animal Nutrition and Health

The DSM Animal Nutrition and Health business group offers customers a true end-to-end portfolio of products, solutions and services for sustainable and profitable animal farming. The company’s three dedicated business lines cover Precision Services, Performance Solutions + Biomin® and Essential Products.

Precision Services

Greater precision in animal farming is key to a more sustainable and profitable future. Their Precision Services use the latest data analytics and diagnostics to improve animal health, lifetime performance, resource use and environmental footprint — while mitigating risks and unlocking more value. Improving the sustainability and profitability of animal farming is secured with

Performance Solutions + Biomin®

Their broad portfolio delivers the level of functional nutrition needed for the industry to meet the challenges of sustainability, animal welfare and feed quality.

aqfeed.info/e/1605

Phytogenics

Delacon

+43 732 640 531 414

www.delacon.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1637

RAS Equipment

Fish Farm Feeder

+34 886 317 600

www.fishfarmfeeder.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1638

FishFarmFeeder is a company founded in 2008 that manufactures feeding systems for aquaculture with a complete catalog of feeders that cover all stages of the fish's life: hatchery, pre-grower and grow-out, both on land and at sea.

FishFarmFeeder’s mission is to:

• Offer globally specialized solutions only in the field of feed automation for aquaculture.

• Contribute to a sustainable aquaculture helping to optimize production and improving fish welfare.

Respond to the needs of automation in the feeding of all stages of the fish's life.

• Develope a profitable, reliable, accurate and safe technology.

• Facilitate integration with other existing technologies in aquaculture such as sensors, software aqfeed.info/e/1603

RAS system

Aqua Ultraviolet

+1 952 296 3480

www.aquauv.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1639

Silos

FAMSUN

+86 514 85828888

www.famsungroup.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1034

TSC Silos

+31 543 473979

www.tsc-silos.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1612

Vacuum

Dinnissen BV

+31 77 467 3555

www.dinnissen.nl

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1633

Yemmak

+90 266 733 83 63

www.yemmak.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1617

Weighing equipment

Ottevanger

+31 79 593 22 21

www.ottevanger.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1621

Yemmak

+90 266 733 83 63

www.yemmak.com

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1617

Yeast products

Leiber GmbH

+49 5461 93030

www.leibergmbh.de

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1640

Phileo (Lesaffre animal care)

+33 3 20 81 61 00

www.lesaffre.fr

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1629

For more information about our market place - please view or download our 2023 media kit

https://aqfeed.info/e/1529

Dr Fanny Guidicelli, Founder, Marine Akwa, France & Ecuador

Dr Guidicelli founded Marine Akwa in 2016. She received her doctorate from French National Institute for Agricultural Research in human nutrition and health. And she later switched her career to the aquaculture industry around ten years ago.

You have a rich career in the industry, what initially lead you to this field?

Surprisingly, I did not start my career in the aquaculture industry but firstly worked in human nutrition and health. My PhD focused on the role of nutrition during the pregnancy and its impact on the baby in utero and after birth. So, far from the aquaculture!

Then professional opportunities associated to my passion for the ocean and underwater life made me move to the aqua sector ten years ago. From the very beginning, my commitment is to bring a new vision, a new approach to contribute to aquaculture growth in a sustainable way.

Women in developing countries face substantive challenges to engaging in and benefiting equitably from aquaculture sectors. How important it is in your opinion in investing more on women in Aquaculture?

I strongly believe we, as aquaculture actors, have a responsibility to work on and achieve the targets set by the Sustainable Developments Goals (SDGs) n°5: Gender Equality and empowerment of all women and girls and n°8: Decent work and economic growth.

Of course, in developing countries, women are facing challenges to engaging in and benefiting equitably from the sector. In fact, the proportion of informal, low-paid, less stable jobs are higher for women (FAO). We usually forgot that women account for an estimated 50% of total workers. We are essential to the industry; we all have to recognise this and strongly support women in gaining equal working and living conditions.

Aside of this real-life consideration, we can also see an increasing number of successful women in the aquaculture industry who must inspire us. I wish and want to be optimistic as of today, more and more women are graduating in aquaculture from universities or institutes and gender equality has been reached in some cases. More women are entering highly skilled employment.

However, aquaculture market is fast-growing and offering equal opportunities to all women across every type of jobs in the industry will highlight the key role they play to support aquaculture growth.

Do you see aquaculture and fish farming in particular meeting the growing need for essential nutrients in the human diets as we move towards 2050 and 9.5 billion people on the planet earth?

We all know that the world's population is constantly growing (United Nations) and that the demand for proteins to feed us will increase by 50% by 2050 (FAO). Like others, I am convinced that aquaculture can provide a quality response to this. In fact, aquaculture and fish farming have been increasingly and strongly recognised for their essential contribution to global nutrition and food security in the past decades. Fish, shrimps and others are an important source of proteins, nutrients and energy, explaining why their consumption is increasing every year (FAO).

All actors of the aquaculture industry have to continue this ongoing job to maximise the Aquaculture and fish farming production while preserving the Earth. Aquaculture industry is facing challenges like antimicrobial resistance which is a global health issue (WHO), or like the protection of ecosystems. To continue its growth in a sustainable and equitable way, aquaculture industry requires specific effort and changes and we all need to work together to achieve this.

I am confident that aquaculture will continue to play a huge role in providing quality and healthy food and in also contributing to the world’s economy.

In recent years what are the most critical technological developments that you have witnessed in the Aquafeed sector?

I am grateful in all the continued efforts made by the aquaculture sector to reduce the use of antibiotics including several technological innovations developed to support this. Antimicrobial resistance has a massive impact on human health but also on animals and the environment and we need to work together to ensure antimicrobials will remain efficient for all. Aquaculture industry has done a great job to date and is still working on genetic improvement, on farm management/ husbandry and developing natural ingredients like we do at Marine Akwa to decrease dramatically the use of antibiotics. And we are proud to be part of this.

Marine Akwa is an advocate of sustainable and organic aquaculture solutions. How do you ensure this in the products you offer?

Marine Akwa has an innovative and strong goal of developing new ingredients. Our vision is global and takes into account not only the animal, but also its environment and their interactions. Our portfolio covers two main topics: Nutrition/ Health and Environment.

Our leitmotif is to develop a solution for an issue and its context. All our solutions are easy to use, dedicated to aquaculture and take into account the specifics, the farm practices and the technological constraints of the aquaculture. You can have the best ingredient, the best bacteria but if it's not adapted to aquaculture conditions and not delivered to the target place, it will be useless.

We developed the 1st consortium of gut marine probiotics encapsulated in algae which can be administered independently from the diet and ensures a controlled and targeted release of the bacteria in the tract. By positively enriching and modulating the gut microbiota (i.e. exclusive competition with pathogens, emergence of beneficial bacteria, colonisation of probiotics), our AkwaBiotic solution increases the vigour and the robustness of animals and can help preventing diseases and limiting the associated use of antibiotics or other chemicals.

We are convinced that nature is well made and that the ocean constitutes a huge reservoir of bioactive substances, explaining why we are sourcing all our ingredients from the aquatic environment. We began our story by isolating marine bacteria from marine sessile organisms and marine animal gut and haemolymph. Our collection is now composed of more than 350 aquatic strains we continuously characterise and screen to select the best and the most suitable ones for each of our solutions. Each of them is composed of a consortium of complementary-profiled strains targeting selected bioactivities to answer a specific problem or need.

We also support farmers in their day-to-day practices by developing specific and dedicated solutions to aquaculture. In conclusion, as being native and endemic from the sea, marine probiotics are 100% adapted to aquaculture and can positively modify the microbial ecosystems of both pond and animals. They will support the needs of fish/shrimp farming, feed industry and will reduce the constraints while keeping the host health and welfare.

And all this was made by women!

THE INDUSTRY FACES

Caroline Bocquel appointed as new BIM CEO

Bord Iascaigh Mhara (BIM), Ireland's Seafood Development Agency, has today (Tuesday 31, January 2023) announced the appointment of Caroline Bocquel as its new Chief Executive Officer (CEO). Caroline Bocquel has held the role of Interim CEO at BIM since November 2022 and has a proven track record of leadership. Prior to joining BIM in 2021 as Director of Corporate Services, she held senior executive roles at GOAL and the Marine Institute.

BIM Chair, Aidan Cotter, says, “Following a rigorous search process, I am pleased to announce Caroline's appointment as CEO at BIM. Caroline brings significant drive, experience and insight to her new role that will help take the organisation and Ireland's seafood industry to the next level of sustainable development and secure its future in the face of major change. She is a strong leader with extensive experience and sectoral knowledge, and I look forward to working with her in the coming years.”

Grieg Seafood ASA appoints Chief Operating Officer

Grieg Seafood ASA appoints Grant Cumming as the new Chief Operating Officer for its North American farming operations. Cumming led the turn-around of Grieg Seafood’s Shetland operations before the region was sold in 2021.

“I am pleased to welcome Grant Cumming as our new COO for North America. Grant does not only have extensive strategic and operational experience from the salmon farming industry - he also knows Grieg Seafood well and shares our values. We were impressed with how he led the restructuring of our Shetland business, turned it into a profitable region and oversaw a successful sale in 2021. We look forward to having him as a part of our team once again,” says Andreas Kvame, CEO of Grieg Seafood ASA. Cumming has had different roles in the salmon farming industry for almost 30 years. He was the last Managing Director of Grieg Seafood Shetland before the region was sold. He has a BSc (Hons) in Zoology (Marine and Fisheries Biology) from the University of Aberdeen and an MSc in Mariculture, specializing in Aquaculture.

Cumming will be a part of Grieg Seafood’s Executive Management Team. He starts in his new role in the first quarter of 2023.

New leadership for Benchmark Genetics

Head of Benchmark Genetics, Jan-Emil Johannessen, turning 63 years in April, has decided to retire after a lifelong involvement in the aquaculture industry. His successor, Geir Olav Melingen, currently Commercial Director Salmon at Benchmark, will take over the position on June 1, 2023, after a transition period.

Jan-Emil has built a talented and experienced team capable of taking Benchmark Genetics through the next phase of growth, including his successor, Geir Olav Melingen, currently Commercial Director for Benchmark Salmon. Geir Olav has extensive experience from leading roles in the aquaculture industry, including at MSD as CEO of Fishguard and CEO of the Bergen Aquarium. He has deep experience in fish health and the salmon industry and is widely acknowledged as a strong leader. Geir Olav holds a Ph.D. in fish health from the University of Bergen.

New General Manager of Benchmark Genetics Iceland HF

Benchmark Genetics Iceland HF is pleased to announce the appointment of Benedikt (Benni) Hálfdanarson as General Manager, starting 1st of March. With a proven track record in international business and extensive experience in management in the aquaculture industry, we are confident that he will lead the company to new heights. In addition to his management experience, Benedikt Hálfdanarson has a solid educational background, including an MBA from the University of Iceland and a Master's in Marketing Science from the Norwegian School of Management – BI.

The new General Manager, Hálfdanarson says, “I have followed the company from StofnFiskur to becoming the globally recognised genetics supplier of salmon ova and lumpfish fry, Benchmark Genetics Iceland, and it is with a great deal of humility that I now take over the responsibilities of managing the business from Jonas”

Since 1958, Faivre has developed and manufactured high quality equipment for the aquaculture industry.

A complete range of filters, built to handle from 3 l/s to 1200 l/s

NEW Spiderplate ® www.faivregroup.com

Available now

15 different packs, made to manage fish from 1g. to 3,5kg.

=