Sep | Oct 2015 International Aquafeed

I N C O R P O R AT I N G F I S H FA R M I N G T E C H N O L O G Y

Pea Seed protein concentrate in Tilapia feeds Catfish production in India: - Present status and prospects

Duckweed - A sustainable protein supplement for the future

Microalgae - Different types of algae provide vital nutrients to rotifers, copepods and larvae of finfish, shellfish and shrimp

AQUANOR 2015 review Volume 18 Issue 5 - SEPTEMBER | OCTOBER 2015

Editor Professor Simon Davies Email: simond@aquafeed.co.uk

EXPERT TOPIC - KRILL

Associate Editors Dr Albert Tacon Email: albertt@perendale.co.uk Dr Yu Yu Email: yuy@perendale.co.uk Dr Kangsen Mai (Chinese edition) Email: mai@perendale.co.uk Editorial Advisory Panel • Abdel-Fattah M. El-Sayed (Egypt) • Dr Albert Tacon (USA) • Professor António Gouveia (Portugal) • Professor Charles Bai (Korea) • Colin Mair (UK) • Dr Daniel Merrifield (UK) • Dr Dominique Bureau (Canada) • Dr Elizabeth Sweetman (Greece) • Dr Kim Jauncey (UK) • Eric De Muylder (Belgium) • Dr Pedro Encarnação (Singapore) • Dr Mohammad R Hasan (Italy) Editorial team Olivia Holden Email: oliviah@perendale.co.uk Malachi Stone Email: malachis@perendale.co.uk Peter Parker Email: peterp@perendale.co.uk Editor - Asia Pacific Roy Palmer Email: royp@perendale.com Publisher Roger Gilbert Email: rogerg@perendale.co.uk Circulation & Events Manager Tuti Tan Email: tutit@aquafeed.co.uk Design Manager James Taylor Email: jamest@perendale.co.uk International marketing team (UK) Darren Parris Email: darrenp@aquafeed.co.uk Tom Blacker Email: tomb@perendale.co.uk Latin America Ivàn Marquetti Email: ivanm@perendale.com Pablo Porcel de Peralta Email: pablop@perendale.com India Ritu Kala Email: rituk@perendale.com Africa Nathan Nwosu Email: nathann@perendale.com More information: International Aquafeed 7 St George's Terrace, St James' Square Cheltenham, GL50 3PT, United Kingdom Tel: +44 1242 267706 Website: www.aquafeed.co.uk

CONTENTS Volume 18 / Issue 5 / September-October 2015 / © Copyright Perendale Publishers Ltd 2015 / All rights reserved

REGULAR ITEMS

FEATURES

3-15 INDUSTRY NEWS 6 THE AQUACULTURISTS 28 PHOTOSHOOT 38 EXPERT TOPIC - CARP 44 INDUSTRY EVENTS 52 THE MARKET PLACE 54 THE AQUAFEED INTERVIEW 56 INDUSTRY FACES

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Pea Seed protein concentrate in Tilapia feeds

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Catfish production in India: Present status and prospects

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Growth trial and challenge testing facility opens in Thailand

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Dusckweed - a sustainable protein supplement for the future

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Microalgae - Different types of algae provide vital nutrients to rotifers, copepods and larvae of finfish, shellfish and shrimp

36

Microalgae - Q&A with Reed Mariculture Inc founder and President Tim Reed

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY SUPPLEMENT 002 The AKVA group automatic feed barge - the Wavemaster AC850 Panorama

International Aquafeed is published six times a year by Perendale Publishers Ltd of the United Kingdom.

All data is published in good faith, based on information received, and while every care is taken to prevent inaccuracies, the publishers accept no liability for any errors or omissions or for the consequences of action taken on the basis of information published. ©Copyright 2015 Perendale Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without prior permission of the copyright owner.

Printed by Perendale Publishers Ltd. ISSN: 1464-0058

Professor Simon Davies

Creoso - welcome

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he season is certainly changing rapidly and autumnal weather is upon us here in the UK with much rain and threatening grey skies rolling in from the Atlantic. The nights are certainly drawing in and it’s now time for some of us in the UK to stock up and close the hatches.

Plymouth, England is subject to typical ever changing maritime weather and it makes for interesting challenges.

As a Welshman though, I am quite used to rain and storms whether they be climatic or even political (especially in academia), and we usually find a song or a pub for solace and a place to think with a drink!

It is only a step away from Christmas and reminders of the festive holidays are already in the shops with advertisements for food, drinks and all manner of decorations. I can’t wait!!

Increasingly salmon is now presented along with the traditional turkey and other delights and the consumer has so much choice at hand in terms of products with various types of presentation from whole fresh salmon, fillets, smoked forms, pates and salmon encased in pastry, bread crumbs and in fish pies and salmon fish cakes etc.

Aquaculture of course is at the core of production and one

forgets that it is central to the supply chain of fresh salmon or chilled salmon products in our stores and supermarkets.

Retailers are able to set specification requirements for fish at source and are important in their discerning of quality criteria and expectations from the consumer for a good reliable and nutritious product. As such, there is now increasing demand for salmon and with it a need for bespoken fish feed to support the growth of salmon, promote excellent health in relation to welfare and of course guarantee that the fish supplies the Omega-3 fatty acids (or oils, fats for public perception) for human health and well-being. Fish oils and fish meals are a finite resource and we must use them very strategically as fish farming of carnivorous and especially marine species expands globally.

The medical research fraternity advocating that we should ideally consume 1-3 portions per week of salmon for optimum cardiovascular function, improved cognition, brain health and prevention of strokes is well known and is mentioned frequently in the TV media and press. However there has been much concern that the replacement of marine derived, principally fish oils and fish meals in diets for salmon and other fish species too has caused a slow trend that could lower in some instances the Omega- 3 ratio to other fatty acids (Omega-6 series) in the diet and hence in fish such as salmon to a worrying threshold. This is not the absolute case as yet but significant differences in the Omega-3 levels do exist and certainly between wild Pacific salmon and wild/ farmed Atlantic salmon. One of the criticisms of the latter is their typically very high fat content and this is not appealing to some people with some adverse comments against the farming of salmon. However many have not even tasted the rather drier wild salmon, so it’s a matter of perception and taste.

There is now a major new initiative launched by the Global Salmon Initiative (GSI) to encourage the development of novel Omega-3 alternatives to marine oil sources in attaining the sustainable agenda for salmon production and yet also satisfy the demands by the industry for Omega-3 enriched fish.

It is stated by GSI that ‘the farmed salmon industry uses approximately 350000 tons of fish oil each year, and this

Meet the Aquafeed team at upcoming international events

16-19 November 2015 LAQUA15, Brazil

20-23 October 2015 Aquaculture Europe 2015 The Netherlands, Stand number 1.6

NEWS

demand is expected to grow by approximately five percent each year in line with industry growth’.

This challenge is already being met by several biotechnology companies and a few scientific papers are now available demonstrating the feasibility of plants, algae and yeast as sources of EPA and DHA Omega-3’s that can effectively be retained to enhance the salmon flesh levels at harvest. The call is for companies to provide a significant increase in availability of such materials over a specified time period of at least two years. This I think will be a most exciting course of action and I believe will open new opportunities for discovery, innovation and enterprise in aquaculture. It will be one of those decisive markers affecting costs, competitiveness and overall success of an industry so crucial to Scotland, Norway, Chile, Iceland, and beyond.

Now in this issue of IAF we have our special expert feature focusing on Krill and as a growth accelerator with its numerous nutritional attributes especially those Omega-3’s and the powerful anti-oxidant astaxanthin well known for its flesh colouring properties for salmonid fish.

My colleague Dr Ingrid Luputsch in her new role at AB-Agri reports on the use of pea seed protein concentrate in experimental diets for tilapia, something I have worked on over the years with Professor Antonio Gouveia in Portugal for many fish species and with robust outcomes for inclusion in fish feeds.

Our special fish interest in this issue is catfish of the Asian variety (There is much potential in Claridi spp., and its excellent eating too, we worked for over a decade on this tropical species when I was based at Plymouth University, and bred several thousand in the heart of the city!) The article by Dr B. Laxmappa, Fisheries Development Officer, Department of Fisheries, Telangana, India discusses Ictalurus Silurus, pangasius and Clarias gariepinus species generically called catfish in relation to their production and contribution to freshwater aquaculture in India.

In some forms of aquaculture, aquatic vegetation makes a valuable feed contribution to less intensive types of production systems and so duckweed is discussed in a technical/ scientific report. However its processing can generate an invaluable high protein concentrate for fish, terrestrial farm animal nutrition and for human nutrition applications making duckweed an added value product of significant potential.

We certainly need more trained aquaculture fish health specialists and I am pleased that we include news of the opening of the new Fish Vet Asia laboratories at.

Chonburi, 90 minutes south-east of Bangkok.

Finally our events section addresses Aquanor and previewing the EAS & Aquaculture Europe meeting for October.

There is a diversity of news items and regular column writers and so I wish you good reading and a busy and successful autumn in your business endeavours.

Professor Simon Davies

What’s best for Cardiovascular Diseases?

Ioannis Zabetakis, assistant professor of food chemistry, University of Athens, Greece

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n my May/June article, some of the latest data on the functionality of statins and fish lipids against Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) were given. The story goes on and some related developments are given below.

In the US, an FDA advisory panel has voted at the beginning of June to recommend approval of two new injectable cholesterol-lowering drugs that work differently than statins. These two drugs, Praluent by the drug company Sanofi and Repatha from Amgen, are a class of drugs known as PCSK9 inhibitors. These drugs block the PCSK9 protein in the blood, which allows the body to more effectively reduce the levels of LDL cholesterol.

Two articles claiming cholesterol-reducing statins may be unsafe are to be investigated and could be retracted by the British Medical Journal.

The authors have withdrawn figures suggesting up to 20 percent of users would suffer harmful side effects such as liver disease and kidney problems.

Given that about seven million people in the UK at risk of heart disease are prescribed statins, experts fear the articles, which were widely reported in October 2014, will have discouraged people from taking them. British Medical Journal (BMJ) editor-in-chief Dr Fiona Godlee said last May it was publicising the withdrawal of the sideeffects figures "so that patients who could benefit from statins are not wrongly deterred from starting or continuing treatment because of exaggerated concerns over side effects". But the scientific question: how severe are the real side effects of statins?

On the other front, for example, the one of consuming fish instead of statins, the news is encouraging: Eating fatty fish, such as salmon, herring and mackerel, at least three to four times a week has been shown to boost levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and lessen the risk for cardiovascular disease, according to a study published in the journal PLoS One. [http://journals. plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0090352].

In a relevant recent research announcement, Australian researchers have found [http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-04-13/fish-oil-not-protective-against-heart-disease-study-finds/6389126] that fish oil supplements do not protect against heart disease with the evidence suggesting that eating fish is of greater benefit to the heart. Researchers examined the benefit of fish oil supplements for the hearts of healthy people and those who have had a heart attack and are taking the supplement to prevent further episodes.

The study, which has been published in the Hear t, Lung and Circulation Journal, has prompted the National Heart Foundation to review its guidelines on fish and fish oil supplements. The Foundation said it shows higher fish intake is consistently associated with lower rates of sudden cardiac death, stroke, heart failure and heart attack.

It is urging all Australians to eat two to three servings of fish a week, including oily fish.

The evidence is clear and the news for the Aquaculture society is rosy! Eating fish protects better against CVDs (and without side effects) than any current drug at the moment! Plus, fish has a pleasant flavour! izabet@chem.uoa.gr @yanzabet

September-October 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 3

NEWS

Nutriad sponsors The Aquaculture Roundtable Series (TARS) 2015

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utriad was a proud sponsor of 'The Aquaculture Roundtable Series (TARS) 2015,' held on September 19-20 in Hanoi,Vietnam.The central theme of this fifth edition of TARS was 'from farm to plate' and focused on new approaches to improve feeds and feeding in aquaculture.

The event attracted around 200 par ticipants representing major aquafeed mills, big farm owners and major suppliers of the Asian aquaculture industry.

TARS includes a series of roundtable sessions where stakeholders from industry, academia, governments and NGOs convene to share ideas and identify strategies to ensure sustainable development of Asia’s aquaculture industry. This year, par ticipants had fruitful discussions in breakout sessions covering four

themes: Feeding Today's Shrimp; Freshwater Fish Feeds; Marine Fish Feeds; and the Aquafeed Industry.

Global Aquaculture BU manager Dr Peter Coutteau presented a talk titled 'Towards a paradigm shift in feed specifications,' comparing feed regulations for aquafeed in different Asian countries and those in force in the EU. Feed standards based on simple analytical features are not effective and risk limiting innovation which is badly needed to face current industry challenges.

Up-to-date aquafeed includes nutrient quality and functional properties to improve feed utilisation and animal health but also requires adequate information (labelling) and continued education and support of the farmer.

The aquaculture industry would benefit more from regulations targeting feed and food safety rather than feed specifications, and would further benefit from uniformity of regulations across the ASEAN region. Dr Coutteau received a lot of feedback from

Biomin opens new Panama plant

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iomin has further expanded its global production network with the opening of a production plant in Panama. The inauguration marks the latest milestone in the firm’s local presence that stretches back nearly two decades. The new plant will allow for growth and quicker delivery to Biomin distributors and customers in new and existing markets throughout the Americas.

The plant produces Mycofix®, an innovative mycotoxin deactivating feed additive, with

Aquaculture UK under new management

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scomber Ltd, the Scottish-based Event Company and organiser s of Aquaculture UK was recently acquired by 5m Publishing Ltd. Ascomber diversifies the 5m Aquaculture portfolio and compliments ‘The Fish Site’ and our educational MSc and related post-graduate courses delivered in partnership with the University of St Andrews.

5m Publishing publishes online topics such as The Poultr y, Avicola, Pig, Porcino, Fish, Beef, Diar y, Cattle, Meat, Crop, Pet,

From left: Hai Diep, Area Manager IndoChina; Gim Chong Ho, Commercial/Technical Manager Aquaculture SE Asia; Alexander van Halteren, Business Development Manager Aquaculture Asia-Pacific (AP) and Europe, Middle East & Africa (EMEA); Peter Coutteau, Business Unit Manager Aqua Additives; Allen Wu, Regional Aquaculture Manager, SE Asia

the feed mill industry, which has been limited by national regulations for many years.

The Nutriad Gala Dinner, organised at the Marriott Hotel in Hanoi, was an excellent opportunity for visiting aquafeed professionals and Nutriad’s expert team to further discuss on important

topics while enjoying good food in pleasant surroundings.

Nutriad delivers products and ser vices to over 80 countries through a network of its own sales offices and distributors, supported by four application laboratories and five manufacturing facilities on three continents.

plans to produce PoultryStar®, a multi-species probiotic for poultry, in the future.

The site was planned with a long-term perspective and an expectation of growth in mind. It has an installed production capacity of 3120 tons per year based on one packaging station and a single shift. Its starting production goal is 6240 tons per year with two shifts. Maximum production capacity can reach 12,480 tons per year with the addition of a second packaging station.

On August 20, 2015 Christian Seiwald, Chairman of Erber AG, and Esteban Giron, Vice Minister of Agricultural Development

joined in the cutting of the ribbon inaugurating the plant in Panama alongside Biomin Managing Director, Marcelo Ribeiro, marking a momentous occasion for the company and the region.

“A strong, longstanding commitment to scientific research has allowed Biomin to deliver leading products in an ever-increasing number of markets across the globe,” commented Mr Seiwald.

Also in attendance were Ruben Beltran, Managing Director of Biomin USA along with 50 invited guests including key distributors and customers from throughout the region.

AgriTimes and Sheep sites.

Now in its tenth year, Aquaculture UK is the most important aquaculture exhibition and conference held in the British Isles.

Although the ownership will change, the name will remain the same and International

Aquafeed will continue to serve you under Aquaculture UK. David Mack, founder of the event, remains in an advisory role to ensure a smooth transition and a successful 2016 event!

You can reach the new team which comprises: Commercial: Matt Colvan at matt.colvan@5mpublishing.com Marketing: Nicola Pickles at nicola.pickles@5mpublishing.com Accounts: Sam Baker at sam.baker@5mpublishng.com All visitor enquiries to Helena Thompson at helena.thompson@5mpublishing.com

September-October 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 5

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The Aquaculturists

A regular look inside the aquaculture industry IKEA makes responsibly produced seafood available to over 600 million customers IKEA today announces that seafood sold and served in its stores comes from sustainable and responsible sources. The IKEA commitment to ASC and MSC certified seafood marks the next step towards a wider offer of healthier and more sustainable food. http://bit.ly/1V95pUo

Oceana wins landmark decision that grants access to antibiotics used by salmon farms in Chile In a unanimous ruling, Santiago’s Court of Appeals upheld the illegality claim submitted by the marine conservation organisation, Oceana, and demanded disaggregated information at salmon company-level about the amounts and types of antibiotics used between 2009 and 2013, figures which were denied to the NGO by the Chilean Transparency Council last April. http://bit.ly/1NSJnkC

New Biomin video: mycotoxin risk management Mycotoxins cost the livestock industry billions each year.

Harnessing the power of science, the fifth generation of Mycofix® unites three strategies to combat mycotoxins using patented proprietary technology, making it the most scientifically advanced mycotoxin protection available. http://bit.ly/1KAfy27

www.theaquaculturists .blogspot.com

GePro celebrates 50th anniversary in style

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ood in the Change - was the theme of GePro's 50th anniversar y celebrations, which took place in the international city of Hamburg.

The program consisted of some seven presentations, which turned out to be more of a lecture format from a wide spectrum of professorships from Germany, the Netherlands to Israel and beyond.

In fact, the subject matter was equally diverse and not just focused on poultry production and processing, which is at the centre of GePro's range of feed industry products.

Bernd Grosse Holthaus, the company’s CEO and sales director welcomed some 80-plus invited delegates to the rooftop conference room that offered views over Hamburg and its harbour.

National television presenter Sabine Stamm moderated the whole day's program, exper tly weaving the presentations together despite their diverse nature.

From the need for modern agriculture, a review of poultry production in Europe to pet food developments and farming fish in the desert and other topics of Africa; from cultured meat to a novel approach we should take to sustainability; all captivated an appreciative audience's imagination.

The company hosted its gala dinner for over 300 company personnel and invited customers, suppliers and international press on the Saturday in Steinfeld in the heartland of Germany's livestock production region and near its factory north of Hamburg.

Satellite technology puts ‘mussel’ into shellfish monitoring

org), funded jointly by the UK Biotechnology and Biological Science Research Council (BBSRC) and Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), will be helping to advance shellfish farming management practices. The project will initially focus on the development of novel satellite monitoring and short term forecasting techniques, which will then be integrated into the first water quality monitoring service for harmful algal blooms and targeted pollution events, specifically for the shellfish aquaculture industry.

Changes in water quality, such as the formation of harmful algal blooms, can have a negative impact upon shellfish farms and, in rare cases, can also pose a public health issue through the consumption of contaminated stock. Water quality in and around aquaculture farms in the UK and Europe is currently monitored by government agencies, using a series of tests based on collecting water samples and analysing the flesh of the seafood being farmed.

Enhancing current monitoring practises, through the use satellites and weather forecasts, will provide farmers with a cost-effective, near realtime source of information in the form of electronic bulletins, to help manage shellfish harvesting. In turn, this should help minimise potential health.

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team of UK scientists are exploring the use of satellites and meteorological data to monitor and forecast water quality events threatening shellfish farms, for the benefit of the shellfish industry and, ultimately, consumers.

The farming or cultivation of seafood, termed aquaculture, is an important worldwide source of protein. As global populations continue to rise at approximately 1.13 percent a year, the expansion of aquaculture is considered key to help provide food security for future generations.

In the UK shellfish farming generates £20-25 million turnover each year, with worldwide demand for shellfish is anticipated to grow by five percent a year.

This expected growth provides a clear business opportunity for UK shellfish farming. Tools that can provide environmental information directly to farmers will help to continue safe, productive and sustainable aquaculture farming, whilst also helping the industry to expand and meet the nutrition needs of future populations.

Now,the two-year ShellEye project (www.shelleye.

6 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | September-October 2015

NEWS

Award for Columbian champion

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Seafood waste reduction sought - Researchers say waste adds to other problems threatening global seafood resources

nterestingly the example mentioned was in Nepal, a country currently suffering the enormous effects of a recent earthquake, Nepal was a country where AwF had helped establish aquaculture – see project reports 2008-2012. I particularly recall Ram Bhujel (AIT and AwF Volunteer) saying at the AwF Session during a WAS-APC Conference in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, how important AwF had been in his birthplace (Nepal) in showing that aquaculture was possible and also empowering women to engage.

As the US aid newsletter states, “In rural Nepal, widespread poverty is compounded by the lack of access to high-quality, nutritious foods.” According to a recent report from the Nepal Demographic Health Survey, 41 percent of children under the age of five are chronically malnourished, and anemia is a significant problem, afflicting 47 percent of children and 36 percent of women.

One approach to mitigate the occurrence of anemia and to improve the overall health of rural Nepalese is to supplement their diets with vitaminrich protein sources, such as fish. Researchers from Nepal’s Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU) recognised the potential of aquaculture to help address this widespread nutritional deficit, and their recent effort in Nepal successfully established more than 70 family-run fishponds, all managed by women.

In the first year of operation, the ponds produced over 500 kg of fish for household consumption.

Looking back at AwF Project reports I read that an aquaculture awareness program was organised, this involved gathering a group of women and using computers from a higher secondary school in the village. A program produced on CD that was based on the “Women in Aquaculture Project” in Chitwan was shown, followed by questions and answers. Even at that stage organisers were reporting that a lot of women had shown their interest.

From that report I read, “Altogether 52 families applied and showed interest in culturing fish on their land which was almost double the number the project team had expected. Full technical support (training, field visit and fry supply) was offered to all of them, and a partial financial support was extended to all of them dividing them into two categories i.e. very poor and poor; with more support to the former.”

According to US Aid, ‘Researchers intend to train more women in effective aquaculture techniques by establishing women’s groups to educate rural Nepalese on fish farming practices and the nutritional benefits associated with household fish production.

Dr Thilsted highlighted that the characteristics of a healthy diet for the poor included natural foods which are locally produced; culturally acceptable (taste, texture, colour, flavour, etc); affordable; high in nutritional quality; safe and available year round.

Roy Palmer, director, Aquaculture without Frontiers

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t is claimed that as much as 47 percent of the edible US seafood supply is lost each year, mainly from consumer waste, according to latest research from the Johns Hopkins Center for a Liveable Future (CLF).

The findings, to be published in the November issue of Global Environmental Change, come as food waste in general has been in the spotlight and concerns have been raised about the sustainability of the world’s seafood resources.

In the US and around the world, people are being advised to eat more seafood to improve their health and wellbeing, however overfishing, climate change, pollution, habitat destruction and the use of fish for other purposes besides human consumption are potentially threatening supply.

“If we’re told to eat significantly more seafood but the supply is severely threatened, it is critical and urgent to reduce waste of seafood,” says study leader David Love, PhD, a researcher with the Public Health and Sustainable Aquaculture project at the CLF and an assistant scientist at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

The new study analysed the food waste issue by focusing on the amount of seafood lost annually at each stage of the food supply chain and at the consumer level.

Data was compiled from many sources and from that, the researchers estimated the US edible seafood supply at approximately 2.132 billion kg (4.7 billion pounds) per year, which includes domestic and imported products minus any exported products.

Some of the edible seafood supply is wasted as it moves through the supply chain from harvest to plate. They found that the amount wasted each year is roughly 1.04 billion kg (2.3 billion pounds). Of that waste, they say that 150 million kg (330 million pounds) are lost in distribution and retail, 260 million kg (573 million pounds) are lost when commercial fishers catch the wrong species of fish and then discard it (a concept called by-catch) and a staggering 590 million kg (1.3 billion pounds) are lost at the consumer level.

The researchers discovered the greatest portion of seafood loss occurred at the level of consumers (51 to 63 percent of waste).

Whilst 16 to 32 percent of waste is due

September-October 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 7

to by-catch and 13 to 16 percent is lost in distribution and retail operations.

To illustrate the magnitude of the loss, the authors estimate this lost seafood could contain enough protein to fulfill the annual requirements for as many as 10 million men or 12 million women; and there is enough seafood lost to close 36 percent of the gap between current seafood consumption and the levels recommended by the 2010 US Dietary Guidelines.

The 2010 US Dietary Guidelines recommended increasing seafood consumption to 230g (eight ounces) per person per week and consuming a variety of seafood in place of some meat and poultry. Achieving those levels of demand would require doubling the US seafood supply, the researchers say.

Waste reduction has the potential to support increased seafood consumption without further stressing aquatic resources, says Roni Neff, PhD, director of the Food System Sustainability and Public Health Program at CLF and an assistant professor with the Bloomberg School of Public Health.

She says that while a portion of the loss could be recovered for human consumption, “we do not intend to suggest that all of it could or should become food for humans.

“It would generally be preferable for the fish that becomes by-catch to be left alive in the water rather than eaten, and due to seafood’s short shelf life, it may be particularly challenging compared to other food items to get the remaining seafood eaten or frozen before it decays,” she says.

In the report the researchers offer several approaches to reduce seafood waste along the food chain from catch to consumer.

Suggestions range from limiting the percent of by-catch that can be caught at the production level to packaging seafood into smaller portion sizes at the processing level to encouraging consumer purchases of frozen seafood.

Some loss is unavoidable, but the researchers hope these estimates and suggestions will help stimulate dialogue about the significance and magnitude of seafood loss.

Note: “Wasted seafood in the United States: Quantifying loss from production to consumption and moving toward solutions” written by Dave C. Love, Jillian P. Fry, Michael C. Milli and Roni A. Neff is available at: http:// bit.ly/1iJdMFc

NEWS

Well-balanced multi-stakeholders’ participation

by Johan den Hartog, Managing Director, GMP+ International

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ell-balanced multi-stakeholders’ participation is a key principle for GMP+ International’s operations in the market. It is an important strategy to involve and commit the stakeholders in the whole feed chain as well as following links in animal production, like livestock and aqua farming, dairy, meat and egg processing industry. GMP+ International’s partners are allowed to nominate candidates for its expert committees in charge of defining the content of the GMP+ Feed Certification scheme.

When you search on Google with the phrase ‘well-balanced multistakeholders participation’, it results in a limited number of hits, all related to GMP+ International. The principle of ‘multi-stakeholders participation’ as such, results in more hits and is a better-known principle applied in the public sector.

It is a conceptual model for participatory decision-making. It is based on the view that stakeholders, experts, and citizens could contribute to developing a wished outcome based on their particular expertise and experience as well as interests. The concept of this participation model is oriented toward a multi-actor, multi-value, and multi-interest situation.

These groups represent three forms of knowledge: a. knowledge based on common sense and personal experience; b. knowledge based on technical expertise; and c. knowledge derived from social interest and advocacy.

The principle of multi-stakeholders’ participation fits very well to GMP+ International’s core business related to feed safety and responsibility assurance, which are common interests of the feed and food producing industry. Obviously, there is also a public interest about it. It is based on two of GMP+ International’s core values: integrity and objectivity. These values are taken into account in case of the participatory decision-making process in combination with transparency about the pro-cess and final result. GMP+ International integrated the principle of multi-stakeholders’ participation in two ways: (i) partnership and (ii) public consultation.

Partnership of stakeholder groups is aimed at involvement of the stakeholders in the feed and food chain in the decision-making regarding the content of the GMP+ Feed Certification scheme and the related integrity policy. It is realised by participation of experts in the expert committees. It should result in support of and commitment to the final result. Moreover, partnership enables GMP+ International to develop market oriented products and services.

GMP+ International distinguish two types of partners: (i) trade associations in the feed and animal production chain and (ii) food companies

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Get more daily industry news at the

Aquaculturists

(dairy, eggs, meat, and aqua producers). Currently, GMP+ International has 35 partners (August 2015) representing the whole production chain of animal products. The 35 partners of GMP+ International are two international and 30 national trade-associations (in 7 different countries), as well as three international operating food companies, all together covering the whole feed and food chain. The goal is to increase partners’ participation in the relevant countries as much as possible.

As mentioned before, we strive to a well-balanced participation of the different stakeholders in the whole chain. The aim is that there is not any one single link in the chain that will dominate the decisionmaking and the division of the seats of the expert committees aims to realise well-balanced participation of all links.

However, the principle and common target is to focus on the needs of the ultimate goal: to provide animal products to the consumers which are safe for their health and produced in a responsible way.

Partnership means that the partner endorses this principle and it is a touchstone for the decision-making process. Besides that, we seek to reach consensus in decision-making as much as possible. Therefore multi-stakeholders’ dialogues contribute to reducing conflicts between interest groups.

Indeed, partnerships limit participation to the stakeholders’ groups, which applied for partnership. Their representative experts are initially and finally involved in the decision making process.

However, we apply also public consultation in order to enable everyone who is not involved via partnership, to give comments, to share expertise and to promote its interests. The results of the public consultation are considered seriously and taken into account in the final decision-making. We make also publish, when and why we do not take over comments, with an objective motivation.

In multi-stakeholders’ dialogues, we realise that there are different interests: own interest, common interest (of industry) and public interest (of society). Our aim is to promote the common interest, which fits very well with the public interest of safe and response food of animal origin. Leading arguments are objective motivation, and an appeal on accountability and social responsibility of the feed business.

Above the different interests, the dialogue is also influenced by the differences of cultural dimensions of the participants. That makes such dialogues not always easy, interesting and sometimes it cost time. The added value is worthwhile: it is reducing conflicts and contribute to better results.

Want more industry news?

Try our daily online news service. www.theaquaculturists.blogspot.com 8 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | September-October 2015

NEWS

Aller Aqua opens subsidiary in Nigeria

A

ller Aqua Nigeria is now a reality and the first containers with feed have arrived. A widespread net of local distributors are ready to sell Aller Aqua’s high quality fish feed in the African country.

“It has not been easy getting this far, but Nigeria has so much potential – both in terms of educating existing farmers with regard to maximising the yield of their production, but also in terms of expanding the aquaculture production in the country” explains Hans Erik Bylling, CEO of Aller Aqua Group. Niels Lundgaard, International Relationship Manager at Aller Aqua agrees and continues: “Nigeria is undergoing massive development at the moment, and implementing more aquaculture is a good and relatively cheap way of starting a business. We can

Yara enters agreement to sell its European CO2 business

Y

ara International ASA has signed a non-binding Heads of Terms with US-based Praxair, Inc to sell its European CO2 business for EU€218 million. The agreement also includes a sale of Yara’s remaining 34 percent stake in the Yara Praxair Holding AS joint venture to Praxair for an estimated EU€94 million.

“The CO2 business has been an

help both established fish farmers and newly started ones by providing extruded fish feed of a high quality, which can give the fish farms a boost in terms of production and economy. Further, we can help and guide them with the challenges they may face in their production to the benefit of everyone involved.”

Local partners, supported by Aller Aqua Nigeria, are ready to take good care of the customers. It is Aller Aqua’s philosophy that the customers must prosper in order for the company to do so, and thus, the Danish company have made every arrangement for the best possible start in Nigeria. Aller Aqua has moved fast, and offices and storage is ready, as well as 12 employees.

Aller Aqua Nigeria will be participating in three upcoming events; “DELTA 2015” arranged

by FISON (Fisheries Society of Nigeria), Agra Innovate Nigeria and CAFAN’s (Catfish Association of Nigeria) bi-annual fish festival – all in November.

“This will be a great chance to meet our customers first hand,” explains Lasisi Nurudeen, Country Manager Nigeria. “In order to be taken seriously we need to be seen in the right places, and participate actively where the fish farmers are. The two events will draw large crowds of both existing and potential fish farmers. We can help them set up and better their production. I have visited the Danish and German factories and seen the production, the quality control, the research station, Aller Aqua Research, and it is a great set up. The extruded feeds are very effective compared to what we are used to in Nigeria, and will better the productions here.

It is a highly interesting product for the Nigerian market, and I am excited to be part of this project from the very beginning.” Lasisi has a background in animal nutrition, and has studied Animal Production and Fisheries at the Lagos State Polytechnic, Lagos.

Besides par ticipation in local

attractive and long-standing part of Yara’s portfolio, but remains a relatively small part of the broader industrial gas industry, and where Praxair is well positioned to create additional value. I am confident that this business will be further strengthened under Praxair’s ownership, and at the same time this agreement allows Yara to redeploy management and financial capacity to other value-creating oppor tunities” said Svein Tore Holsether, president and Chief Executive Officer of Yara International ASA. The proposed transaction is conditional upon final transaction agreements, obtaining nec-

essar y approvals from competition authorities, and other customar y closing conditions.

The transaction is expected to close in the first quarter of 2016, with a provisionally estimated post-tax gain of EU€150 million including the Yara Praxair Holding AS sale.

In 2014, Yara’s European CO2 business sold more than 850 thousand metric tons of liquid CO2 and 50 thousand metric tons of dry ice, delivering an EBITDA of EU€21.5 million and revenues of EU€112 million primarily from the food and beverage industry.

The business operates five CO2 liquefaction plants, 3 CO2 ships,

September-October 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 9

events and customer and partner visits, Aller Aqua Nigeria are planning on hosting seminars to further educate local fish farmers on the benefits of extruded fish feed and other subjects of interest. The company is also ready to collaborate with educational institutions in terms of exchanging technical knowledge and research.

Despite the fact that Aller Aqua Nigeria has only recently become a reality, the first feed has already arrived in the African country, and more is underway, underlining the great potential here. With stocks selling out quickly, it seems that one of the biggest challenges will be to ensure availability of the feeds at all times.

The establishment of Aller Aqua Nigeria adds another country to the list of Aller Aqua subsidiaries.

Aller Aqua now expor ts fish feed to nearly 70 countries and the company supply feed for more than 30 species of fish and crustaceans.

seven ship terminals and six dry ice production facilities.

The Yar a Pr axair Holding AS joint venture, operating in Scandinavia and formed in 2007, had a 2014 EBITDA of EU€35 million and revenues of EU€145 million (100 percent basis). Yara’s exit from the joint venture is regulated through a put/call option in the joint venture agreement.

The Heads of Terms also includes an agreement for Yara to supply Praxair with raw CO2, gas and continue to operate three of the CO2 liquefaction units which are integrated within Yara’s fertiliser plants.

FEATURE

Cargill acquires EWOS for €1.35 billion

C

David MacLennan, Cargill president and CEO EinarWathne, CEO of EWOS

argill has entered into an agreement with Altor Fund III and Bain Capital Europe III to acquire EWOS, a global leader in salmon nutrition for 1.35 billion euros. The transaction, which is subject to regulator y approvals, is expected to close before the end of the calendar year, says the company on its website today.

“This transaction, which is significant and the second aquaculture acquisition Cargill has announced in as many months, is a strategic investment in our longterm growth and evidence of our commitment to the growing aquaculture industry,” said David MacLennan, Cargill president and CEO. The acquisition gives Cargill entry into the salmon market and will make Cargill’s animal nutrition business a leading player in the growing salmon feed industry, one of the most advanced and professionally managed segments in global aquaculture. As par t of the transaction, Cargill will acquire seven feed manufacturing facilities; three in Norway, and one each in Chile, Canada, Scotland

and Vietnam, as well as two stateof-the-art R&D centres located in Norway and Chile. EWOS produces more than 1.2 million metric tons of salmon feed for the biggest salmon producers in the world.

“EWOS is a winning company,” said Sarena Lin, president of Car gill’s Feed & Nutr ition business.

“Adding its industr y-leading talent and capabilities as well as its thought leadership in sustainable business practices will be transformational for our aquaculture nutrition business. We are looking forward to welcoming 1,000 highly talented and passionate EWOS employees to the Cargill Animal Nutrition team and strengthening our R&D capabilities and accelerating the pace of innovation to drive strategic longterm growth for Cargill’s animal nutrition business.”

Einar Wathne, CEO of EWOS, said: “Cargill and EWOS will create a new, world-class aqua feed supply capability that will support the growth potential for fish and seafood consumption and create new opportunities for

customers and employees alike.

EWOS has a strong brand and a deep commitment to high product quality, its people and sustainable aquaculture. Adding Cargill’s vast resources and global reach to EWOS’ leading R&D exper tise, will allow the new organisation to provide world-class, innovative products and solutions to the global aqua industry.”

Cargill has established a strong track record of acquiring and integrating businesses, unlocking additional value for customers by leveraging the talent and capabilities of acquired organisations in combination with Cargill’s global footprint, scale, breadth and depth of talent, and operational excellence, risk management, and expertise in animal nutrition, and supply chains.

The acquisition adds to Cargill’s existing aquaculture capabilities in

Mexico, Central America, China, United States, Southeast Asia, India, and Ecuador, to which EWOS is expected to contribute complementary expertise and leadership.

With this investment, the company will continue to leverage its global research and development capabilities, which includes 15 R&D and Technology Application facilities around the world.

This acquisition is the second Cargill investment in aquaculture over the last month. In early July, Cargill announced a US$30 million joint venture with Naturisa to build a shrimp feed facility in Ecuador.

“With the need for protein expected to grow by 70 percent worldwide by 2050, farmed fish and shrimp offers one solution to meeting this demand, and Cargill intends to play a major role in this growing and important market,” Ms Lin said.

Sachs Merchant Banking Division to acquire Hamlet Protein

we are very excited about our new partnership with Altor and Goldman Sachs Merchant Banking Division”, says Søren Munch, CEO of Hamlet Protein.

“With the strong suppor t of Altor and Goldman Sachs Merchant Banking Division we are uniquely positioned to accelerate the development and growth of Hamlet Protein and better service our customers and partners globally.”

“We have made a successful management succession and turned Hamlet Protein into a leading global provider of specialty soya for young animal feed with a strong market position in Europe, US and Asia through developing global sales organization and significant investments in expanding capacity including establishing a sales and production facility in the

US”, says Niels Worning, Partner at Polaris Private Equity. ”It has been a very successful par tnership with Polaris, where we, along with a strong new leadership has managed to achieve a great development for Hamlet the recent years with a significant strengthening of Hamlet’s global market position,” says founder of Hamlet Protein, Ole K Hansen.

“We are looking forward to continuing the positive development of Hamlet Protein started

by Polaris in our equal par tnership with Goldman Sachs Merchant Banking Division”, says Søren Johansen, Partner at Altor Equity Partners. “We believe that Hamlet Protein is ideally positioned to become the global champion within high value-add young animal feed.”

“We are impressed by the high value-add young animal feed platform that the management team and employees have built under the current ownership”, says Michael Specht Bruun, Managing Director in the Merchant Banking Division of Goldman Sachs.

“We see significant growth potential globally and are excited about partnering with Altor and the management team to support the company’s impressive growth trajectory both organically and through acquisitions.”

Closing of the transaction is subject to customary regulatory requirements and approvals.

William Blair acted as exclusive financial advisor to the selling shareholders. Nordea has provided debt financing for the transaction.

A

ltor Fund IV and Goldman Sachs Merchant Banking Division par tner to acquire the majority of Hamlet Protein from Polaris Private Equity and the founder of the company, Ole K Hansen.

Hamlet Protein is a global provider of soy-based protein solutions used in high valueadd animal feed for young animals. The company ser vices more than 50 countries from its two production facilities in Horsens, Denmark and Findlay, Ohio.

“This is another important milestone for Hamlet Protein and

10 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | September-October 2015

FEATURE

Tour report Chile: Industry welcomes new Version five of the GLOBALGAP Aquaculture Standard

K

ey players in the Chilean aquaculture industry met on August 18, 2015 in Puerto Varas at the GLOBALGAP Tour 2015 stop organised by DNV GL, one of the world’s leading certification bodies, for a presentation of the new Version five of the GLOBALGAP Aquaculture Standard and its impact on the aquaculture sector in the country. The new version, available since July 2015, incorporates new elements that focus on a more sustainable and socially responsible aquaculture.

Latin America

Reporting on all GLOBALGAP cer tification activities in Latin Amer ica on behalf of the GLOBALGAP Certification Body Committee, Jorge Ríos Alveal,

Senior Consultant Food and Beverage at DNV said that more than 30 companies are certified under GLOBALGAP in Chile and that “the national salmon industry exports over 98 percent of its products.”

Valeska Weymann, Senior Exper t and Technical Key Account GLOBALGAP Aquaculture presented the new elements incorporated in the GLOBALGAP Aquaculture Standard Version five. Focused on Car ing for Consumer s and Responsible Sourcing at All Stages of Production, key changes cover animal welfare, infrastructure specific to cage far ming, area management, community, subcontr acting and workers’ health safety and welfare.

Changes also include improvements to the overall language and structure of the document

to ensure harmonised interpretation, with added detailed guidelines to ensure animal welfare, as well as emphasising the sustainable aspects of the fish feed used.

New requirements have been added to the criteria for the Veterinar y Health Plan, which emphasise not only animal welfare but also the impact on both the environment and human beings, with regards to the use of antibiotics.

International news

As for recent international news on the high use of antibiotics in Chile, Valeska Weymann explained that any GLOBALGAP certified company, including those in Chile, are only permitted to use antibiotics based on a diagnosis.

She added that, “we have been for tunate that the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) used in Europe has not identified any weaknesses in GLOBALGAP certified products, which means that cer tification

offers a high level of assurance that there are no residual chemicals.”

Version five of the Aquaculture Standard also enhances communication with consumers.

“Today, through the Friends of the Sea collaboration project, for example, we intend to promote higher communication addressing consumers’ key concerns such as the use of antibiotics,” explained Valeska Weymann.

The head of the Department of the Environment Technological Institute of Salmon (INTESAL), Ximena Rojas, presented the macro-zone management processes taking place in the salmon farming and the current major improvements in health management in Chile, specifically since the crisis of the ISA (Infectious Salmon Anemia) virus in 2007.

This crisis has accelerated the introduction of a new productive model for the Chilean aquaculture sector and strengthened the role of the national government in the control and regulation of aquaculture.

WORLDWIDE CALENDAR 2015 - 2018 VIV MEA 2016

FEBRUARI 16 - 18, ABU DHABI, U. A. E.

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MARCH 15 - 17, BANGKOK, THAILAND

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MAY 19 - 21, MOSCOW, RUSSIA

VIV TURKEY 2015

JUNE 11 - 13, ISTANBUL, TURKEY

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FEATURE

Pea Seed protein concentrate in Tilapia feeds

by Josh Cantril, Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Research, Swansea University, Swansea, UK and Ingrid Lupatsch, Aqua Nutrition Manager, AB Agri Ltd

P

eas (Pisum sativum) are one of the four most important crops next to soybean, groundnut, and beans. It is a particularly important legume in temperate areas with numerous food (dry seed, vegetable) and feed (seed, fodder) usages.

Field peas have attracted considerable attention as an animal feed due to increased production in Europe and Canada and thus reliable supply and competitive price. Peaseed meal has been trialed in Atlantic salmon, Rainbow trout and European sea bass with encouraging results.

Peas, when unprocessed, contain moderate levels of protein 22-25 percent but also several anti-nutritional factors (ANF); however, the levels of ANFs in peas are low compared with other legumes and peas did not induce enteritis in the distal intestine in Atlantic salmon as seen when feeding soybean meal.

New feed processing technologies have provided more suitable products for use in high protein aquafeeds. Pea protein concentrate (PPC) is produced by fine grinding dehulled peas into pea flour, followed by air processing which separates the particles based on differences in size and density. The resulting concentrate has higher protein and lower carbohydrate and

ANF contents compared with unprocessed peas, and thus would be a promising protein source in aquaculture feeds.

The following study examined the efficacy and nutritional properties of peaseed protein concentrate as an alternative feed ingredi-

ent and protein source for all-male tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) culture incorporating growth and digestibility trials.

Fish and rearing conditions

Genetically male Nile tilapia (GMT) were sourced as fry from Fishgen Ltd and raised at the Centre Table 1: Apparent digestibility coefficients (%) of fish meal and pea seed protein as for Sustainable Aquaculture determined in tilapia Research at Swansea Dry matter Protein Organic Matter Energy University until they reached % % % % the appropriate sizes to be Fish meal* 72.1 ± 0.2 89.5 ± 0.2 82.7 ± 0.3 83.7 ± 0.4 used in the trials.

Fish were Pea seed concentrate** 73.2 ± 0.1 88.4 ± 1.8 79.3 ± 2.2 80.3 ± 2.3 cultured indoors as part of a freshwater recirculation system, which included mechaniTable 2: Formulation and composition of experimental feeds (per kg as fed) cal and bio-filtration units, a Ingredients Fishmeal 30% PPC 60% PPC 100% PPC protein skimmer and a sand Formulation filter. Water temperature Fish meal 605 410 210 was kept at 27°C and phoPea seed concentrate 165 340 520 toperiod was set at 12 hours Corn Starch 325 340 320 310 of light daily. Temperature Vegetable Oil 40 45 50 55 and dissolved oxygen levels were measured daily, while Vitamin &Mineral 5 5 5 5 total ammonia nitrogen, Di-calcium- Phosphate 25 55 nitrite, nitrate and pH were Calcium carbonate 25 55 measured weekly to assure Alginate 25 25 25 25 optimum water quality.

Composition

Dry matter, g

927

905

903

910

Ash, g

133

98.7

92.9

88.8

Lipid, g

86.6

85.6

84.9

83.6

Crude Protein, g

393

390

393

397

Gross Energy, MJ

17.90

18.00

18.08

18.32

352

348

349

351

Digestible Energy*, MJ

Digestible Protein*, g

14.79

14.76

14.67

14.82

DP/DE ratio g/MJ

23.8

23.5

23.8

23.7

* Incorporating results from digestibility trial

12 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | September-October 2015

Feed preparation

Feeds were prepared according to Table 1 by mixing the dry ingredients with a binder and water, extruded through a meat grinder and afterwards dried at 450C for 24 hrs. The resulting pellets had a diameter of 2.5mm and 3.5mm for growth and digest-

FEATURE Table 3: Performance parameters of tilapia after 35 days of growth at 27oC (mean ± SD) Treatment

Fishmeal

30% PPC

60% PPC

100% PPC

Initial weight (g)

32.2 ± 1.0

32.5 ± 0.6

32.7 ± 1.2

33.4 ± 0.6

Final weight (g)

97.8 ± 2.2

105.7 ± 1.0

100.9 ± 4.1

65.7 ± 3.2

Weight gain g/fish/day

1.88 ± 0.03

2.09 ± 0.01

1.95 ± 0.08

0.92 ± 0.07

Feed intake g/fish/day

2.06 ± 0.05

2.23 ± 0.12

2.09 ± 0.06

1.07 ± 0.02

FCR

1.10 ± 0.05

1.06 ± 0.06

1.07 ± 0.02

1.16 ± 0.08

97 ± 4

100 ± 0

97 ± 4

82 ± 8

Survival (%)

Table 4: Composition of tilapia per g live weight (mean ± SD)

Initial

Fishmeal

30% PPC

60% PPC

100% PPC 247 ± 0.2

Dry Matter, mg

230

248 ± 0.7

274 ± 0.4

266 ± 1.2

Crude Protein, mg

127

139 ± 0.4

150 ± 4.0

149 ± 12.1

133 ± 2.1

Lipid, mg

43.1

65.3 ± 4.0

80.9 ± 1.0

77.0 ± 1.0

63.7 ± 0.4

Ash, mg

59.2

43.6 ± 2.4

43.2 ± 0.8

40.1 ± 1.1

50.4 ± 0.8

Gross Energy, kJ

4.52

5.59 ± 0.18

6.63 ± 0.24

6.37 ± 0.37

5.29 ± 0.0

ibility trial respectively and were stable up to 24 hours in water.

Sample preparation and chemical analyses

At the start of the growth trial samples of about 10 fish were taken and at the end 10 fish from each tank were sacrificed and blended to create homogenous samples. Subsamples for estimation of dry matter were taken before the remaining homogenate was

oven-dried. The dried samples were once more mixed in a blender before all remaining analyses.

Identical analyses were applied for diets, faecal matter and body homogenates. Crude protein was measured using the Kjeldahl technique and multiplying N by 6.25. Ash was calculated from the weight loss after incineration of the samples for 12h at 5500C in a muffle furnace. Gross energy content was measured by combustion in a Parr bomb calorimeter

using benzoic acid as the standard. Chromic oxide was estimated by wet digestion.

Feed and faeces containing Cr2O3 were digested in a mixture of perchloric acid, concentrated sulphuric acid and Na-molybdate.

The resulting dichromate was determined at 360 nm against Cr2O7 standard solutions.

Digestibility trial

Digestibility of the pea seed protein concentrate was assessed by adding chromic oxide, an 0.8 percent inclusion, as the indigestible marker to the feed and collecting the faecal matter by siphoning. By assessing the ratio of marker to energy or nutrient in the feed compared to their ratio in faecal matter, digestibility of the nutrients can be established.

Fishmeal was used as the reference ingredient and the test diet was mixed at a ratio of 50 percent fishmeal and 50 percent pea seed protein. Fifteen tilapia, weighing on average 400g, were stocked in 300L tanks to supply two replicates per treatment. Faecal matter from a given tank was pooled over the trial period until sufficient material was collected for subsequent analyses. Digestibility of ingredients were calculated using well established equations and are presented in Table 1.

Growth trial

Four experimental diets were formulated

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FEATURE

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retention efficiencies to contain 40 percent protein Table 5 : Energy and protein retention efficiency (mean ± SD) in tilapia fed pea seed meal at (Table 5). and nine percent lipid and increasing inclusion levels.

The reduced weight to gradually include pea seed

Fishmeal 30% PPC 60% PPC 100% PPC gain was thought to be concentrate at the expense of Digestible Energy intake 30.5 ± 0.8 32.9 ± 1.7 30.7 ± 0.9 15.9 ± 0.2 correlated with reduced fishmeal (Table 2). Seventeen (kJ / fish /day) feed intake in fish fed the tilapia of 35g initial size were Energy gained 11.5 ± 0.3 15.8 ± 0.6 14.1 ± 1.7 5.6 ± 0.3 100 percent pea seed stocked in 150L tanks provid(kJ / fish /day) feed as indicated in Table ing two replicates per treatDigestible Energy 37.7 ± 0.0 47.2 ± 0.7 46.0 ± 4.2 35.4 ±1.5 3. ment. The trial lasted 35 days retention efficiency (%) and fish were fed manually Digestible Protein intake 0.73 ± 0.02 0.77 ± 0.04 0.73 ± 0.02 0.38 ± 0.01 (g / fish /day) to apparent satiation up to 4 Conclusions times daily. Any uneaten pelTilapia performed on Protein gained 0.27 ± 0.00 0.34 ± 0.01 0.31 ± 0.05 0.13 ±0.01 (g / fish /day) lets were collected at the end feeds with pea seed proDigestible Protein 37.5 ± 1.5 43.4 ± 1.0 42.7 ± 5.4 34.4 ±1.0 of the day and accounted for. tein of up to 35 percent retention efficiency (%) Thus feed intake was dietary inclusion very quantified and evaluated in well. At this level - equivrelation to growth response. alent to 65 percent of pea seed diet compared to the other three Through comparative body composition feeds. Survival was also slightly reduced fishmeal protein replacement - performance of fish carcass the relationship between (Table 3). of tilapia was equivalent to fish when fed dietary protein and energy intake and proDespite the poorer growth performance, the all fishmeal feed. tein and energy deposition was assessed, results in Table 3 indicate that FCR was not The reduced growth of tilapia fed the 100 which allowed estimation of the utilisation different among the treatments (Table 3). percent pea seed feed was mainly due to efficiency of the feeds.

Furthermore a trend can be inferred that fish decreased feed intake and palatability might performance improved with the inclusion have been an issue. No significant differences of the pea seed concentrate. This differ- were found with regards to FCR, energy and Results and Discussion Comparison of growth performance ence was not proven to be significant, but protein retention efficiency values. This fact among fish showed no difference when nevertheless higher weight gain, improved supports the notion that whichever proPPC supplied up to 60 percent of the FCR (Table 3) and increased energy content tein source the fish consumed they utilised protein in the diet. But growth obviously (Table 4) can be described which ultimately equally well.

References available on request deteriorated in tilapia fed the 100 percent resulted in improved energy and protein

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FEATURE

Catfish production in India: Present status and

by Dr B. Laxmappa, Fisheries Development Officer, Department of Fisheries,

C

atfish, which is a significant group of the fishes in wetlands, are economically important with a high nutrient value. Catfishes, owing to their unique taste, few bones, are considered a delicacy for the fish consumers, but production of different indigenous catfishes through aquaculture is unexplored in India, although aquaculture contribution of some of the catfish varieties like Ictalurus, Silurus and Clarias spp. has been exemplary in the World scenario.

Catfishes are the second major group of freshwater fishes. India, being a mega-diverse country, harbors 197 catfish species from 52 genera. The Indian families include Amblycipitidae (Torrent catfishes), Akysidae (Stream catfishes), Bagridae (Bagrid catfishes), Chacidae (Square head or angler catfish), Clariidae (Air breathing catfishes), Heteropneustidae (Air-sac catfishes), Olyridae (Long-tail catfishes), Pangasiidae (Shark catfishes), Plotosidae (Eel-tail catfishes), Schilbeidae (Schilbid catfishes), Siluridae (Sheat fishes), Sisoridae (Sisorid catfishes).

Present status

Considering the high market demand for catfish and the availability of a huge potential resource in the form of many inland water resources, commercial farming of these species is presently receiving important attention. In India catfish production is coming from both the systems of inland resources i.e. capture and aquaculture.

Capture: The inland water resources of the country are in terms of rivers, estuaries, backwaters and lagoons, reservoirs, floodplain wetlands and upland lakes, which contribute about 1.05 million tonnes of fish annually. The principal rivers of India as Yamuna, Ganga, Brahmaputra, Mahanandi, Godavari, Krishna and Cauvery including their main tributaries and distributaries harbors about 11.5 percent of the fish fauna so far know in the world. Many of the catfish species start from 15 grams size (Mystus tengara) to very large about 50 Kg size (Hemibagrus maydelli) harvested from these water sources in India.

And many of the well-known food catfishes are also fine sporting fishes.

Aquaculture: Ponds and tanks are the prime resources for freshwa-

prospects

ter aquaculture; however, only about 40 percent of the available area is used for aquaculture currently. In northern India, open waters with in-flows are common, while southern India has watersheds, termed as tanks, largely used for crop irrigation along with carp fish culture.

After carps, catfish production is also Table 1: Catfish production in India from increasing tremen2001 to 2010 dously throughout the Year Inland fish Catfish Catfish India since 2001 (Table: production production % 1). Out of 197 catfish (in tonnes) (in tonnes) species available in 2001 3084247 78367 2.54 Indian region, about 30 2002 3165927 101488 3.20 catfish species are eco2003 3220407 106282 3.30 nomical and which are 2004 3527505 78990 2.23 produced mainly from 2005 3727375 132342 3.55 capture fishery, and a 2006 3750736 130027 3.46 couple of catfish spe2007 4170560 125800 3.01 cies are produced from 2008 3799563 174503 4.59 both the aquaculture and capture fishery in 2009 4660463 179843 3.85 the country (Table: 2).

2010 5077200 212462 4.18 There are six catfish Table 3: Commercially cultured Catfish species in India.

Sl. Family No.

Common Name

Scientific Name

1

Clariidae

Magur

Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus)

2

Clariidae

African catfish or Thai magur

Clarias gariepinus (Burchell)

3

Heteropneustidae Singhi or stinging catfish

Heteropneustes fossilis

4

Siluridae

Butter catfish

Ompok bimaculatus

5

Pangasiidae

Pangas

Pangasius pangasius

6

Pangasiidae

Sutchi catfish

Pangasianodon hypophthalmusÂ

16 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | September-October 2015

FEATURE

species are cultured in India (Table 3). Among six, only two catfish species viz. Pangasianodon and African catfish culture is intensified in the country due to its higher production rates by using various local as well as commercial feeding methods. Of late, Government of India permitted culture of Pangasianodon and Tilapia species laying down strict guidelines as an alternative crop to carp fishes.

Pangasius sutchi or Pangasianodon hypophthalmus one of the swift growing catfishes was first introduced into India in the year 1995–1996 in the state of West Bengal from Thailand through Bangladesh. Initially

Table 2: Important commercial Catfish species and source of production in India Sl. No. 1

farming was carried out in limited area in the States of West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh. This fish grows to 1–1.5 kg during one year. A minimum of 10–15 tonnes/hectare/year is harvested through due to culture of this fish.

In commercial culture of Pangasianodon farmers are using both pelleted and extruded feeds. Due to high feed cost and fluctuation in production costs, in some areas farmers are using local feeds like cooked corn grains, broken rice, chicken waste etc.

African catfish or Thai magur, Clarias gariepinus culture was banned in India under Environment Protection Act. But many fishermen still cultivating this banned catfish illegally in village ponds to make a quick buck. This species was clandestinely introduced into the state of West Bengal possibly during 1994 from neighboring Bangladesh and quickly spread throughout the country, including into cold regions as well as coastal areas. It is largely cultured in the states of West Bengal, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Assam, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Clarias gariepinus is usually fed waste intestines and skin of chickens so it grows fast than compared to other local species catfish or carp’s fish with low feeding cost.

Species

Family

Source of production

Common name

Scientific name

Gangetic mystus

Mystus cavasius (Hamilton)

Bagridae

Capture

Prospects

2

Day’s mystus

Mystus bleekeri (Day)

Bagridae

Capture

3

Tengara mystus

Mystus tengara (Hamilton)

Bagridae

Capture

4

Gogra rita

Rita gogra (Sykes)

Bagridae

Capture

5

Giant river catfish

Aorichthys seenghala (Sykes)

Bagridae

Capture

6

Long-whiskerd catfish

Aorichthys aor (Hamilton)

Bagridae

Capture Capture

7

Krishna mystus

Hemibagrus maydelli (Rossell)

Bagridae

8

Indian butter-catfish

Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch)

Siluridae

Capture

9

Pabdah catfish

Ompok pabda (Hamilton)

Siluridae

Capture & Aquaculture

10

Boal

Wallago attu (Bloch & Schneider)

Siluridae

Capture

11

White catfish

Silonia children (Sykes)

Schilbidae

Capture

12

Khavalchor catfish

Neotropius khavalchor Kulkarni

Schilbidae

Capture

13

Goongwaree vacha

Eutropiichthys goongwaree (Sykes)

Schilbidae

Capture

14

Indian potasi

Pseudeutropius atherinoides (Bloch)

Schilbeidae

Capture

15

Gangetic goonch

Bagarius bagarius (Hamilton)

Sisoridae

Capture

16

Stinging catfish

Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch)

Heteropneustidae

Capture & Aquaculture

17

Magur

Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus)

Clariidae

Capture & Aquaculture

18

African catfish

Clarias gariepinus (Burchell)*

Clariidae

Aquaculture

19

Pungas

Pangasius pangasius (Hamilton)

Pangasidae

Capture

20

Sutchi catfish

Pangasianodon hypophthalmus*

Pangasidae

Aquaculture

*Exotic species

Aquaculture in India has become an industry since late eighties with several entrepreneurs taking up aquaculture with carps, catfishes and prawns. Of late, Government of India has also identified catfish farming as a National Priority and has emphasised on diversification of culture practices. The major chunk of catfish, however, comes from capture resources, which includes air breathing as well as non-air-breathing varieties. Airbreathing catfishes have greater potentiality to utilise shallow, swampy, marshy and derelict water-bodies for aquaculture; whereas nonair-breathing catfishes can be well suited to normal pond environment.

Among the catfishes magur, Clarias batrachus is the only species that has received much attention. Singhi, Heteropneustes fossilis is another air-breathing catfish species being cultured to a certain extent in swamps and derelict water bodies, especially in the eastern states. In recent years, attempts have been made to develop the culture of non-air breathing catfishes like Pangasius pangasius, Wallagoattu, Aorichthys seenghala, A. aor and Ompok pabda.

September-October 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 17

FEATURE

GROWTH TRIAL AND CHALLENGE TESTING FACILITY OPENS IN THAILAND New facility can accommodate confidential, replicated growth trials designed to client specific protocols for freshwater, brackish water and marine shrimp and fish species

F

ollowing the successful launch of its disease diagnostics laboratory facilities in Bangkok, Thailand in July 2014, Fish Vet Group Asia Ltd has now opened wet laboratory and challenge testing facilities in Chonburi, 90 minutes south-east of Bangkok.

The facility can accommodate confidential, replicated growth trials designed to client specific protocols for freshwater, brackish water and marine shrimp and fish species and both bacterial, for example Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and viral, including WSSV challenge tests.

Best bio-security practices

The unit, under the watchful eye of aquatic veterinarian Dr Leo Galli, is operated under best biosecurity practices. All incoming stock are screened at source and regardless of any accompanying specific pathogen free (SPF) status certification are only allowed into the facility after reconfirmation of their SPF status by conducting tests in the FVG Asia Ltd disease diagnostics laboratories in Bangkok.

Additional mandatory practices on site, include disinfection of incoming water, pipework and facility equipment.

The facilities

A series of 400-litre external nursery tanks are used to grow seed (shrimp PL’s or fish fry) to the preferred client stocking size before transfer into the external grow-out tank system which consists of 32 200-litre tanks.

Each grow-out tank has its own internal bio-filter, and aeration supply and is an individual separate bio-secure unit. The growout unit has a double skinned roof and an external roof water sprinkler system to keep the ambient temperatures steady and at least 10 degrees centigrade less than the external midday air temperatures.

Facilities, therefore, are ideal for feed/ growth trial work. Alarms alerting staff to disruption of the electricity supply, a back-up petrol generator and switch over back up air pumps ensure that electrical power is provided in the rare event of a power cut, or if there is a failure in any of the in-line air and water pump systems.

18 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | September-October 2015

High quality technical supervision

Day-to-day management of the unit is under the charge of Dr Andy Shinn, Senior Scientist, ably supported by three wet lab’ technicians who provide 24-hour operational coverage when required.

An on-site laboratory is used for the preparation and evaluation of test diets, the evaluation and monitoring of stocked animals, preparation of samples for histology, and, the testing of routine water quality including pH, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, salinity and dissolved oxygen. Automatic data loggers routinely record water and air temperature and light intensity – this system will shortly be upgraded to the automated and real time iWise environmental monitoring system in the coming weeks.

Challenge tests

The facility has two challenge test suites for both bacteriology and virology-based work among other trial work. As with the external system, the rooms allow for the bespoke needs of each trial, but each can accommodate, for example, between 24 to

FEATURE 200 one to 20 litre, individually-aerated, test vessels.

This system allows for the responses of individual animals to be determined to client agreed challenge protocols including immersion, injection and via feed presentation. Recent trial work has included toxicity/ safety trials (for example, LC50 and MIC) and diet choice palatability trials for Benchmark Holdings PLC and external contract clients.

All viral and bacterial challenge activities are all conducted under the technical supervision of Dr Pikul Jiravanichpaisal supported by disease diagnostics technicians, Paan and Meen.

Client and supplier confidence

Our relationship with our clients and satisfactory service provision is paramount, says Don Griffiths, the Operations Director at FVG Asia Ltd. FVG Asia Ltd provides quality technical input, staffing, system design and biosecurity procedures and its contractual obligation to its clients provides for repeating any trial at our cost if equipment failure or mis-management leads to an unusable outcome.

This guarantee has provided feed and feed additive manufacturers the confidence that has secured bookings for the FVG Asia Ltd wet lab and challenge test facilities for several months ahead.

September-October 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 19

FEATURE

Algae’s key role in taking care of consumer expectations

by Roger Gilbert, IAF Publisher

One of the world’s most famous views - The Olmix team poses for a picture at the Théatre National de Chaillot on the banks of the Seine opposite Eiffel Tower and Champs de Mars

T

he inclusion of algae in food production took on a meaningful turn when Olmix presented its antibiotic-free broiler chicken to delegates attending its one-day conference ‘Building a Healthy Food Chain – Thanks to Algae,’ in Paris last month.

The chicken, raised on algae-included feed rations and managed, processed and distributed by Olmix, was tasted by the 400-plus delegates attending the conference.

While broiler and fish production differ widely, algae products are attempting to achieve similar levels of food safety in both livestock and aquaculture.

Until now the benefits algae provides in terms of human nutrition and health have been largely associated with cultural and coastal communities and with those looking for dietary alternatives.

In livestock and fish production algae has been considered a valuable ingredient in its own right for some time, but products have now been developed to help protect health, improve well-being and reduce the need for medicines and in particular antibiotics.

Algae has not yet proven itself as a viable source of protein in meeting the growing demand from our food producing animals, particularly not in fish diets where the pressure is on to minimise the amount of fishmeal included in feeds.

However, Paris may well prove a turning point in the way we consider algae inclusion in our food production system.

“We are now ready to meet consumers’ expectations for a better life,” Olmix marketing director Daniéle Marzin told the delegates crowed into the Hotel Pullman Eiffel Tower conference room.

staff and others which started with a reception in the art deco Théatre National de Chaillot.

The conference offered presentations by three professors: Professor Antoine Andremont, professor of microbiology at the University of Paris Medical School on antibiotics and antibiotic resistance – what is the world situation; Professor Dung Cao the deputy director of the Potato, Vegetable and Flower Research Centre in Vietnam on pesticides and their use in Asia; Professor Jose Luiz Tejon Megido, president of TCA International in Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Dr Thomas Pavie made the final address which launched of the Olmix antibiotic-free chicken production internationally, the first application for food-producing animals.

Care for all

Olmix has adopted a ‘Care programme’ for its plant, livestock and aqua and human food divisions.

Melspring is the company’s ‘Plant Care Division’ and focuses on sustainable products capable of improving plant health, protecting against disease and supporting the environment. Algae products are applied as fertiliser and offer the opportunity to reduce the use of chemical pesticides while lifting crop quality and yields.

The Olmix ‘Animal Care Division’ has introduced a product and feeding strategy that aims to eliminate the use of antibiotics in chicken

Guest gather in Paris

Gathered in Paris to celebrate the company’s 20th anniversary, over 300 international invited guests, from customers to agents, to distributors and staff from more than 50 countries enjoyed three days of festivities with local French

From Left: Professor Antoine Andremont, Professor of Microbiology, University of Paris Medical School, Paris; Professor Jose Luiz Tejon Megido, President, TCA International, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Dr Thomas Pavie, former Deputy Agriculture Counsellor for China and North East Asia

20 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | September-October 2015

FEATURE “To get optimal efficiency, Olmix engages the whole livestock chain as products are implemented by farmers, veterinarians and the feed miller,” she adds.

The Algae School

Two days in Paris followed by two days in Brittany. The two venues visited included the company’s new office and factory facilities and an evening visit to the new Breizh Algae School, located at the Balusson home farm, which will offer courses to Olmix customers on the use and benefits of algae products, including modern farming techniques that eliminate the need for antibiotics, pesticides and chemical additives.

President, founder and CEO of Olmix Group, Hervé Balusson, celebrates the company’s 20th anniversary at the legendary Lido cabaret on the Champs-Élysées in Paris

Dedication and commitment

production, improve farmer’s profits and animal well-being. And may well lead to similar objectives in aquaculture.

Producing antibiotic-free chicken “will not be achieved only by nutrition nor with a single ‘miraculous’ feed additive,” says Ms Marzin.

She says Olmix is now capable of providing a global strategy to improve animal hygiene, enhance immune defenses. Guarantee digestive welfare, increase digestive efficiency and fight mycotoxins.

The dedication and commitment to the values algae can provide, has been championed for 20 years by Hervé Balusson, president, founder and CEO of Olmix Group.

His resolve to bring the benefits of algae to international attention and to conduct the research necessary to develop algaebased products has paid dividends for all in the food production chain, and was lavishly and generously celebrated in Paris during the company annual ‘Breizh Algae Tour’ which was held the same week as Space, Rennes one of France’s major agriculture exhibitions.

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Put Anta®Ox to the test. We will be happy to advise you.

Anta®Ox www.dr-eckel.de

September-October 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 21

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FEATURE

A sustainable protein supplement for the future

by Peter Parker, International Aquafeed Magazine

D

uckweed is the smallest flowering plant in the world.

It is an aquatic plant often found in fresh water or wetlands in most parts of the world that do not freeze too frequently. Floating on or just below the surface of still or slow-moving bodies of water, many around the world perceive it as a pest, claiming it “clogs up lakes or ponds”.

However, duckweed is anything but a pest. It is in fact somewhat more of a super plant. Some people suggest that it has properties that are under-exploited, for example as a bio-fuel and as an effective bioremediator of wastewater. It is a potent fertiliser; and most importantly for the purposes of this article, it is a rich and sustainable source of protein with the potential for widespread use in animal feed, aqua feed, and as a food source for humans.Question and Answer with Tamra Fakhoorian, International Lemna Assocation Duckweed expert, Ms Fakhoorian is a biologist, chemist, and co-founder of the International Lemna Association, of which she is the current executive director. Three years ago Ms Fakhoorian founded GreenSun Products, LLC; a company that has developed duckweed production systems, and product lines for both pet and human nutrition.

Q. From my current understanding, it seems as though duckweed would have great potential as an aqua or terrestrial animal feed?

A. Yes, while initial commercial marketing focus is on higher value products, duckweed has been used to feed fish and land animals for decades in integrated Asian farmer settings. Researchers have been working with duckweed for nearly fifty years. We know its potential to remediate wastewater and return a large volume of high protein biomass and exceptionally clean water. This pathway is seen as completing the nutrient cycle, a real boon to sustainable production of plant protein for a wide variety of uses including aqua and terrestrial animal feeds. I love this quote by Peter Marshall: “Waste itself is a human concept. Everything in nature is eventually used.” Duckweed can help farmers mimic nature in this regard, and reap feed cost savings whilst reusing fresh water over and over.

Q. What is the current state of the duckweed industry?

A. Current applications include: 1. Using the decades-old model of Asian small farm settings to recapture animal waste nutrient streams and use the resulting duckweed biomass as a fresh feed for ducks, fish, and swine for feed cost savings.

Companies are developing integrated systems including CAFO waste streams for bio methane generation and subsequent duckweed production to be used as fresh feed supplements for cattle, swine, and chickens. (Each species has maximum feed inclusion rates due to each animal’s ability to process the high

22 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | September-October 2015

FEATURE percentage of water in fresh duckweed.) Dried duckweed meal can be substituted for soya as a protein replacement in 10-30 percent inclusion rates, depending on the animal.

2. As a processed fishmeal replacement-lemna protein concentrate (LPC) for swine, production initially. LPC has gone toe-to-toe with 68 percent soy protein concentrate and found to produce comparable results. This is powerful given duckweed’s ability to produce at least four times the amount of protein per hectare versus that of soya, be GMO-free, and remediate animal waste streams at the same time.

3. Along with GreenSun Products, several companies are working with various strains of duckweed for human nutrition Protein levels of as high at 50 percent and above are being reported on a dry weight basis, with vitamin and mineral content heralded as well above average for green leafy crops. Additional benefits include being non-GMO, gluten-free, and organically produced.

Be watching for both fresh and dried products to hit store shelves within the next couple of years.

Q. What is the nutritional make up of duckweed?

A. While an older table, this one is fairly reliable as far as ranges:

Organic composition in the Lemnaceae, % of dry weight protein

6.8 — 45.0

lipid

1.8 — 9.2

crude fiber

5.7 — 16.2

carbohydrate

14.1 — 43.6

ash

12.0 — 27.6

Ms Fakhoorian suggested that the feed industry investigate the potential for duckweed’s nearly complete amino acid profile as being as close to animal protein as the plant kingdom can provide.

In addition she provided this quote from Dr John Cross, author of the richly-detailed website, “The Charms of Duckweed.” “The protein content of duckweeds is one of the highest in the plant kingdom, but it is dependent on growth conditions. Typically duckweeds are rich in leucine, threonine, valine, isoleucine and phenylalanine. They tend to be low in cysteine, methionine, and tyrosine.”

Q. What can you tell me about the digestibility of duckweed for salmonids?

A. To answer this Ms Fakhoorian passed the question onto Dr Ron Hardy who is a professor in the Animal and Veterinary Science Department, University of Idaho and Director of the Aquaculture Research Institute. Dr Hardy is also on the Nutrition and Feeds Technical Advisory Committee of Integrated Aquaculture International, he answered as follows: “Duckweed protein has been shown to be highly digestible to rainbow trout and is therefore likely to be highly digestible to other salmonids. Protein digestibility is on par with many alternative protein ingredients, although slightly lower than high-quality plant proteins, such as soy protein concentrate, and fishmeal.

Duckweed protein concentrate containing 65 percent to 70 percent protein has a favorable amino acid profile for fish and has other characteristics, such as high palatability and lack of antinutritional factors, that make it an interesting potential component of fish feeds. Keys to future use of duckweed protein concentrate as a fish feed ingredient will be cost and availability.”

September-October 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 23

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39.00 [991] 101.44 [2577]

30.38 [772] BIN Inlet

DCC Inlet

19.16 [487]

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ET-261A.indd 1

2/12/15 4:52 PM

24.59 [625] Q. Do you have any comments on how duckweed might be suited to the aquaculture industry in particular? 2.00 NPT [WATER] 2.00 NPT [STEAM] A. Aquatic plants for aquatic production, it’s a natural fit. Duckweed is highly suited to intensive aquaculture via efficient waste removal 57.69 to live weight and high protein biomass that converts efficiently [1465] carp and tilapia. There48.00 are several commercial small to53.25 mid-volume [1219] are taking a cue from small [1353] duckweed start-ups who Asian farmers and producing duckweed to cut feed costs for their own fisheries initially.

As the demand for fishmeal substitutes and non-GMO plant-based proteins grows, the duckweed industry is rapidly developing to meet that demand. Currently, we are able to produce four to ten times the protein production of soy per hectare. As the art of farming duckweed improves, this ratio will go even higher. The hope of sustainable aquaculture rests with sustainable aquatic plant proteins plus the massive benefits of bioremediation.

Q. What benefits would using duckweed have as a protein supplement for animal feed when compared to soya?

A. Duckweed has many benefits when compared to soya: • Studies have found that lemna protein concentrate is comparable to soy protein concentrate for swine • Duckweed produces four to five times the protein per hectare over soya • Non-GMO • Does not require the use of arable land for production • Soy production relies primarily on artificial fertilisers, whereas

24 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | September-October 2015

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in G

ermany • M a

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duckweed can remediate waste nutrients from concentrated animal feedlots, thereby saving costs, cleaning wastewater and producing a valuable feed at the same time • Duckfeed is virtually free fresh meal

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Q. Can you describe feedstock applications of duckweed for aquaculture? Has there been much research done on this topic and if so, for which species?

A. Many studies have been done with duckweed and fish production with 20 percent up to 100 percent inclusion rates giving comparable results to commercial mixes. Work done in the 90’s by Skillicorn, et al showed that carp could be fed solely on farmed fresh duckweed.

Interestingly, small farmers have been taking advantage of this “free protein supplement” as per a Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Tuguegarao City, Philippines flier describing for fish farmers that a 50 percent fresh duckweed and 50 percent commercial pellets would result in heavier gains than pellets alone for tilapia.

Tilapia and carp are not the only fish species that benefit from duckweed feed inclusions. The Burdekin trial conducted by Willett et al, 2003 reared Jade Perch (Scortum barcoo) solely on fresh harvested duckweed from a municipal effluent stream (average weight gain: 0.7g/da/fish for 102 days). A study conducted by Fletcher and Warburton in 1997 found that decomposed Spirodela was proven effective as commercial pelleted feed for cultured Redclaw Crayfish.

Duckweed’s abundance of carotenoids and pigments can stimulate growth as per a study by Landesman et al 2002. The opportunities for duckweed in fisheries are tremendous.

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September-October 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 25

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FEATURE Q. What limitations does duckweed have in regards to use as an animal feed? Legal regulations? Limited research? Expensive to produce?

A. Legal regulations: So far, while duckweed is considered a nuisance plant in some states in the US as well as Australia, purposeful cropping has not been an issue.

Limited research: Need more animal feed research and production research in that protein content varies with nutrient loads and seasonal variances.

Expense: Currently, drying costs are the biggest holdup in commercialising production. Solar and hybrid driers can bring the costs down considerably but are early-stage for full-scale production. Processed LPC is foreseen to be competitive with fishmeal prices in the near future.

Q. In our conversation you mentioned that Duckweed has a high water content (92-94 percent water on average) and current drying processes were a limiting factor to the widespread use of duckweed in feed. Is drying the duckweed necessary for aquafeed? Does the drying process alter the nutritional value of the plant?

A. Fresh, wet duckweed is an excellent primary or even sole food source for tilapia and carp. However from a practical standpoint, drying duckweed and including it at up to 50 percent and higher inclusion in various feed formulations, this opens duckweed’s potential in fisheries applications considerably. The cheapest method of drying duckweed is indirect solar dehydration. This retains maximum levels of carotenoids.

Efforts are underway to develop hybrid solar gas drying systems to reduce drying costs by 50 percent or more. Other approaches include direct precipitation of protein from lysed duckweed resulting in a lemna protein concentrate (LPC).

Quoting Dr Louis Landesman, “Heat treatments of dried biomass do not affect protein quality. Low temperature drying should preserve the nutritional value of duckweed meal. Duckweed is similar to fresh grains in that it is perishable. Drying or other methods of preservation (ensiling, acid treatment etc.) are necessary to protect its nutritional value. Also most feed mills will only use dried feeds to formulate their feeds.”

Q. Aquaponic systems have been introduced into some RAS fish farms, would it be possible for duckweed to compliment aquaponics in some way?

A. A spin-off of RAS is a non-recirculating system I witnessed in the Philippines. It featured a non-discharge open pond tilapia production where the duckweed is actually grown insitu in tilapia ponds with feeding barriers. By the use of photosynthesis via duckweed and normal bacterial breakdown of fish wastes, an ecological balance was achieved.

Tilapia were fed the duckweed as their sole feed input. Grow out periods were stretched for another month, but the trade-off was low to no cost production and a sustainable water system. This approach also works for carp and freshwater shrimp.

Q. You are the owner of GreenSun Products, a company that has developed both pet and human nutritional products from duckweed.

Do you have intentions of expanding into the industry of livestock feed?

A. My team developed production, harvesting, drying and processing systems for duckweed meal and LPC. GreenSun initially started out in the pet food arena and has a patent pending on formulations with limited sales in certain US states. A year and a half ago, GreenSun turned its attention to research and development for human nutrition and has recently secured funding for that sector. GreenSun has received many inquiries as to supplying bulk tonnage of duckweed meal for livestock, but cannot compete with soy at this time. Long-term goals include mass production of LPC as a fishmeal replacement. GreenSun

is currently expanding productions to include the US, Philippines, and Mexico.

Q. Can you please tell me more about the International Lemna Association?

A. The International Lemna Association (ILA) works to develop commercial production of duckweed for renewable, sustainable products for a hungry and increasingly fresh water limited world.

ILA was formed in June of 2012 to assist in the development of commercially viable production and processes of duckweed and other aquatic species for renewable, sustainable products. Our membership consists of producers and researchers from around the world.

We are the first trade association in the world dedicated to largescale production of the aquatic plant commonly known as duckweed.

The ILA seeks to bring duckweed and other aquatic species to the limelight of sustainable crops that out-produce terrestrial crops for protein and starches, while utilising waste nutrients and water sources such as municipal and industrial wastewater streams.

You can learn more at www.internationallemnaassociation.org Q. Can you share an interesting duckweed success story to close this article?

A. One company in Argentina, MamaGrande, is remediating municipal wastewater lagoons with duckweed, using a fermentation process to produce polylactic acid and using the residue for high protein animal feedstock.

26 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | September-October 2015

PHOTOSHOOT

Biomin - Vietnam Today, when manufacturing aquafeed ingredients to the highest standards production must be carried out in a state-of-the-art facility. That’s what Biomin has built and now operate in Vietnam, some 80km outside Saigon; a six-story scrupulously-clean premix plant that ensures product batching accuracy and worker security.

International Aquafeed was invited to visit the plant and will report on the facility and its output. We will be carrying that report in our next edition

28 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | September-October 2015

FISH FARMING

TECHNOLOGY

FEED BARGE

The Wavemaster AC850 Panorama

SUPPLEMENT

The AKVA group automatic feed barge

SUPPLEMENT

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

WAVEMASTER

AC850

PANORAMA The AKVA group automatic feed barge

by Peter Parker, International Aquafeed Magazine The International Aquafeed team take a tour of the AKVA Group’s technology titan - designed to distribute 850 tonnes of salmon feed - the AKVA group automatic feed barge, Wavemaster AC850 Panorama

002 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | Fish Farming Technology

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

O

n the final day of the AquaNor 2015 exhibition, my colleagues Darren Parris, Tom Blacker and I had the pleasure of being shown through AKVA Group’s technology titan, the AKVA group automatic feed barge, Wavemaster AC850 Panorama.

It is the world’s largest steel feed barge with the storage potential of 850 tonnes of salmon feed and 12 parallel feed lines. The second one of its kind, this feed barge has been sold to Marine Harvest, one of the world’s largest fish farming companies.

It is intended to be put into operation in Fosen, Mid Norway, and serve the site with up to 7200 tonnes of salmon. We met with AKVA Group department manager, Andres Lara at the busy Skansen wharf only five minutes walk from the event.

Welcoming lounge

After crossing the plank onto the barge, we were welcomed into what we were told is usually the control room but, in the case of this barge, was something of a lounge. There were three large black couches, each with the sleek AKVA group logo on; a Sony surroundsound system installed and Projector TV on stand by. Indeed, initial first impressions suggested that this barge was going to be of a superior quality.

Unique outfit

This particular barge will be positioned only one kilometer from the coast, and so the few members of staff on board will travel to and from work daily.

As a result, this barge was custom built to exclude accommodation space, with the exception of basic fold out beds should dangerous

weather restrict leaving the barge. A typical AKVA group barge can have up to five rooms, although this is not common for Norwegian barges.

However, I suspect a ‘typical’ AKVA group barge does not exist, as AKVA group aim to be as flexible as possible within realistic structural and financial limitations, this is something they pride themselves on. For example, this barge had heated floors in the lounge only, but should the customer request it, heated floors can be installed on as many levels of the barge as they like.

Flexible design

Flexibility for customers seems to be the crux of AKVA group.

When we asked Mr Lara how long he suspected it would take for one of these barges to be produced if we were to order one today, he suggested around six months, with an additional three months if the desired design was not already in existence.

Towards the end of the tour, Mr Lara made a humble but honest comment; at AKVA group they are excellent at producing barges, but at the end of the day it is the fish farmers who are out there working day in day out, this is why they work so closely with customers in the design process, because the customer really does know what is best for them.

Of course AKVA group do their best to cater for customers requests but they need to be realistic, these barges float out there exposed to the harsh elements of the ocean, therefore balance and structure must always be considered. Positioning a barge is a careful process, AKVA group do research on the weather in the proposed location, the final direction in which the barge is positioned is dependent on where the most challenging weather comes from.

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Fish Farming Technology | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 003

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

Above: Peter Parker and Darren Parris from the International Aquafeed team, walk the steap gangway onto the deck of the AC850 feed barge

Below: The Wavemaster AC850 Panorama is the world’s largest steel feed barge with the storage potential of 850 tonnes of salmon feed and 12 parallel feed lines.

"Judging by our discussions with Mr Lara, AKVA Group is growing; the barges are growing in size and capacity - with up to 20 currently being delivered globally per year"

004 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | Fish Farming Technology

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

Control room

After finishing our drinks and receiving a brief introduction on how this barge compares to the other barges AKVA group has produced, we went downstairs to the control room. My first impressions were that it felt like walking into the cockpit of a space shuttle, after seeing this I was beginning to understand how the day prior, the AKVA group COO of export, Trond Severinsen had told us that with this set up, it would be possible to operate the entire barge with just one highly skilled technician on board. This particular control room had three desks and seats, each with three large monitors and an additional wall full of screens displaying all necessary information in real time.

Garage

We made our way down to a room referred to as the garage. This room had three memorable features, the first of which was a cupboard where hot air from the blowers would pass through, Mr Lara said that workers will store all of their wet clothing and boots here and they will be completely dry within a few hours.

In this room we saw the first of many electronic tablets built into the wall, these tablets were connected to the same AKVAconnect system as the control room computers and would provide users with remote access to much of the same information and controls.

In the corner were manual levers and stopcocks, in the unlikely event of a fire or other emergency; these devices enable a user to manually shut off air or diesel flow. When I asked Mr Lara if these shut offs could be controlled by a remote, he said that they do not currently offer this feature but there is potential for it in the future.

There was also an emergency stop electronics box. Fire extinguishers

It would be possible to operate the entire barge from the control room with just one highly skilled technician on board

"A ‘typical’ barge does not exist - because AKVA group aim to be as flexible as possible with the customisation of each project" were located all around the barge, in addition to multiple 360 degree turning cameras.

With emergency plans posted throughout and a range of safety specific instruments, this barge seems well equipped in terms of safety.

Storage room

As we travelled deeper into the barge we reached the storage room, this barge has 16 integrated silos with the capacity to store 850 tonnes. 16 parallel feed lines are used in a ‘4 x Quattro system’ to distribute feed to the cages, with a total feeding capacity of over 150 tonnes per day. Sometimes the feed travels up to 200 metres before it is dispensed. This is achieved by using powerful air blowers.

Additionally, the blowers move air through cooling channels which are in contact with water, this cooled air reaches regular steel material pipes until they reach the silo cone where the doser is located, this is done so the stainless pipes that transport the food are never over heated.

Mr Lara gave us an astonishing fact at this point in the tour, even with a storage capacity of 850 tonnes “all of the barge’s storage can be depleted in as short as one week.” At which point a ship is required to re-stock the barge.

One of the machines I thought was especially innovative were the “cleaning plug injectors”, these devices were only introduced a year ago. When there is up to 850 tonnes of feed being air propelled through the pipes each week, naturally build-ups of dust from feed can occur. The cleaning plug injectors are cylindrical pieces of equipment that contain buoyant balls which have a diameter the same as the feed pipes into the lines. The balls are blown through the pipes and remove

dust in the process. The balls are then left waiting in the respective nets to be fished out by workers and returned back into the plug injector.

Ensilage

After the storage room we moved into a room decked out with electric cabling and pneumatic tubes. In the centre of the room stood what Mr Lara said could be understood in simple terms as a giant blender. On average the daily mortality rate in the fish farms is around 2-3 percent. The dead fish are frequently collected from the bottom of the net using the AKVAsmart Mort system and are then brought back to this machine that breaks them down into slurry. Formic acid is added to the mix in order to balance the pH of this protein rich product that is then referred to and sold as ‘Ensilage’. On this particular barge we were told that up to 60 tonnes of Ensilage can be stored at any given time.

While this process might at first be perceived as distasteful to some, it is actually an innovative approach to reducing waste and ultimately developing a more efficient system as a whole.

Engine room

My impressions of the engine room were that it appeared to be

Fish Farming Technology | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 005

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

tidy, compact, and safe but very noisy. The blowers and machines in operation meant we were unable to hear each other.

In the proceeding conversation Mr Lara explained to us that in some countries there is legislation around the maximum decibels that can be emitted. In response to this AKVA group have noise insulated the engine room to decrease the level of decibels around the barge, additionally any blowers located outside of the engine room are contained in noise enclosures to reduce the volume.

Although not applicable on this particular barge, accommodation is also insulated.

Harmonic filters are installed onboard to protect the wider electrical system of the barge from the harmonic effect, which is mainly caused by the blowers.

Final thoughts

This AKVA group barge was produced for MarineHarvest, one of the largest fish farming companies in the world. The complex componentry throughout was simplistically coded into four colours; red, yellow, grey, and green to catagorise their wide range of products. Judging by our discussions with Mr Lara, AKVA Group is growing; the barges are frequently growing in size and production, 20 of these barges are delivered globally per year. It seems to me that flexibility, innovation and open-mindedness are at the core of this company. Their barges are truly bespoke.

Left to right: Peter Parker, Andres Lara (AKVA Group department manager), Tom Blacker and Darren Parris (IAF team)

On the deck

Two hours later we were at the end of our tour. On the deck of the barge the quality of technology was just as high as everything else that we had seen below deck. As is required on a feed barge there was a crane, customers are given the option of enabling remote control use of this and are given the option of where they would like to position it on the deck.

There is a small veterinary laboratory situated on the deck that has the facilities to function as a means for inspecting fish.

Another point of interest was the bright yellow Feed selector valves of the AKVAsmart CCS feed system. The AKVAsmart CCS has been the world’s best selling feed system, for both land based and cage operations for the past 30 years.

006 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | Fish Farming Technology

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

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FEATURE

Microalgae Different types of algae provide vital nutrients to rotifers, copepods and larvae of finfish, shellfish and shrimp

by Dr Eric Henry, PhD, Research Scientist, Reed Mariculture Inc

M

icroalgae are the foundation supporting much of the marine food chain, and they are the natural food of filter-feeding organisms. Algae are therefore essential for production of live feeds for larviculture of finfish and shrimp. Thousands of species of microalgae are known to science. They present an enormous range of cell sizes, cell structures, biochemical constituents that determine their nutritional value and digestibility, and they also vary widely in ease of culturing.

Microalgae can be very difficult, even impossible to identify to species based on light microscopy alone, and different strain isolates that appear identical may exhibit very different biochemical profiles or behavior in culture. Careful consideration is therefore necessary in order to select the most suitable strains for different larviculture applications. Although many microalgae strains have been tested as feeds, only about 20 are in widespread use. What follows can be no more than a brief overview of the how these algae are most commonly used in larviculture.

Rotifers

The rotifers used in aquaculture (species of the genus Brachionus) are capable of ingesting particles as small as bacteria and as large as 10–30 ¾m; larger rotifers are capable of ingesting correspondingly

larger particles. Bacteria are too small to provide a significant source of nutrients, with the possible exception of vitamins (e.g. B12). Rotifer digestive systems are equipped with a unique grinding apparatus (mastax) that can mechanically disrupt yeast or algae cells, enabling rotifers to thrive on algae that may not be digestible by other filter-feeders.

Rotifers can ingest inert particles, and yeast has often been used as an inexpensive feed to maintain rotifer cultures. But the nutritional value of rotifers as live feed for larval fish or shrimp is determined by the quality of the feed used to produce the rotifers, and only algae feeds can support high-density rotifer populations with optimal nutritional profiles.

Many of the algae commonly used in aquaculture have been used to successfully culture rotifers, at least for experimental studies, but by far the most commonly used algae are strains of Chlorella, Nannochloropsis, and Tetraselmis. These algae can be produced reliably and at relatively low cost, but none can produce rotifers with an optimal nutritional profile for many larvae. Their most conspicuous shortcoming is the essential HUFAs (Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids) content, in particular EPA and DHA, which for many fish are particularly important for nervous system development. Chlorella in particular lacks HUFAs, although it can support excellent growth of rotifers. Nannochloropsis contains high levels of EPA, and Tetraselmis moderate levels; both can support excellent rotifer growth, but neither contains DHA. A Japanese com-

30 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | September-October 2015

FEATURE pany offers Chlorella that has been infused with DHA. However, the sterol profile of Chlorella, like many other green algae such as Dunaliella and Haematococcus, lacks cholesterol. Rotifers produced to feed shrimp or crab larvae should instead be fed Nannochloropsis, which will provide the cholesterol that is essential for these crustaceans.

Copepods

A diverse array of different copepod species are used in larviculture, and they vary in their capacity to thrive on different algae. Some require different algae at different stages of development. The most commonly used algae are strains of the flagellates Isochrysis and Tetraselmis, and the diatoms Thalassiosira and Chaetoceros. Some strains of Isochrysis (most often the “Tahitian strain” or “T-Iso,” which has been recently recognised as the new genus Tisochrysis) have supported growth and development of some copepods through the entire life-cycle, but other copepods require additional strains in their diet. This may be explained by the fact that although Tisochrysis is widely used in aquaculture due to its high levels of DHA, it lacks cholesterol, and some copepods have the specific requirement for cholesterol that has been documented in many other crustaceans.

Diatoms, especially strains of Thalassiosira and Chaetoceros, have seen wide use in copepod culture, although some studies have concluded that “diatoms” can harm copepods, or that a diatom diet requires supplementation with cholesterol. Such broad generalisations ignore the great biochemical diversity among diatoms; for example, very few contain significant cholesterol, but some of these can have high levels.

Bivalves

Although bivalve aquaculture relies on natural phytoplankton for market production, cultured algae are essential for larviculture in hatcheries. Cultured algae are also often used for “nursery” culture

of spat and later juvenile stages, and for improving the condition of broodstock for spawning. The algae most widely used for bivalves include strains of Nannochloropsis (mostly for mussels), the diatoms Thalassiosira and Chaetoceros, and the flagellates Tetraselmis, Isochrysis (including Tisochrysis) and Pavlova.

Pavlova strains are known to have a high HUFA content. In addition, there is a widespread impression among bivalve hatchery operators that Pavlova imparts an unknown “special” benefit as a larviculture feed,

and hatcheries expend extra effort to provide Pavlova despite frequent culture difficulties. It may be that the peculiar beneficial effects are not due to the HUFA content, which is not markedly different from what can be provided by combinations of other algae. Different Pavlova strains contain a remarkably diverse range of unusual sterols. Research with scallop larvae indicates that several Pavlova strains produce a sterol

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FEATURE larvae, as has been demonstrated in cod, turbot, halibut, and clownfish.

Other beneficial effects of algae have been reported, such as stimulation of digestive activity and immune responses. Suppression of toxic Vibrio bacteria by Tetraselmis and Isochrysis has also been reported.

Nannochloropsis is the most commonly used greenwater alga, because of its low cost and small cell size that imparts a low sinking rate, which ensures that it remains in suspension. It is also an excellent feed for the rotifers often used as first-feed for larvae, helping to maintain the nutritional value of the rotifers until the larvae can consume them. But Nannochloropsis contains no DHA, and is difficult for many organisms to digest, so other larger-celled and more digestible algae such as Tisochrysis with its high DHA content, or algae such as Tetraselmis with its significant taurine content, may prove to function as more effective as feeds for larvae.

How to choose optimal algal feeds?

that is a structural analog of an arthropod molting hormone, ecdysone, and it induces metamorphosis in larvae. This is a very unexpected phenomenon, and it is a reminder that there remain many gaps in our knowledge of how microalgae may affect the biology of bivalves.

Shrimp

Shrimp aquaculture exploits a variety of shrimp and prawn species, many of which have been the subject of larval feeding studies. Caution is therefore required when generalising findings to all shrimp, but some useful conclusions can be drawn.

Larvae of shrimp naturally feed primarily on microalgae, and use of algae as sole feed or co-feed with larger prey can often be beneficial well into postlarval stages. The most commonly used algae are strains of Isochrysis Tetraselmis, Thalassiosira and Chaetoceros.

Because most shrimp production is carried out in very large-scale culture systems, very large amounts of algae are required, putting a premium on algae capable of maintaining high growth rates under mass-production conditions. Diatoms have proved to perform particularly well in shrimp facilities. This may be attributable in large part to the fact that the silica cell wall of diatoms functions as a pH buffer at the cell surface, enhancing the activity of extracellular carbonic anhydrase, the enzyme that converts bicarbonate to carbon dioxide. This mechanism greatly enhances photosynthesis in the relatively high pH (8.5 and above) prevailing in vigorous algae cultures.

Finfish

When larval fish consume live zooplankton prey, they are gaining nutrition that originated from the feed consumed by the live prey, most often algae.

However, an additional, often overlooked contribution from algae is direct consumption of algae by the larvae. No doubt some of the beneficial effects of “greenwater� (addition of algae to larviculture tanks) can be attributed to consumption and assimilation of algae by

Although various nutritional components have been documented in many algae strains, complete nutritional profiles are known for very few of them, so it can difficult to predict which strains are the best choices for a particular application. It is unfortunate that so many studies of the nutritional performance of microalgae have tested only one or two strains in each trial, because one or two strains are unlikely to provide an optimal nutritional profile comparable to that provided by the natural mixed phytoplankton assemblages that filter feeders have evolved to exploit.

It is equally unfortunate that so many feeding studies have failed to clearly identify the particular strains of the algae that were used.

Although the HUFA contents of many strains have by now been welldocumented, sterol profiles have been more challenging to characterize because there is far more strain-to-strain variation, even among strains supposedly of the same species. Additional uncertainties arise because the nutritional profiles of even well-known strains of microalgae can be strongly influenced by culture conditions, including light regime, temperature, nutrient (e.g. nitrogen, phosphate) availability, and the growth phase of the culture (exponential, stationary, declining) when harvested. All these sources of variability in the nutrient value of algae can lead to apparently contradictory findings among studies using ostensibly the same algae.

Nevertheless, these findings are not useless. Reports of the efficacy of certain strains of algae are likely to indicate the most promising candidates for subsequent trials. Successful trials establish that the strains can provide good nutrition. Contradictory negative results are then most likely to indicate that failure was caused by some unidentified factors in the trials, not the intrinsic qualities of the strains. Much work remains to be done, but well designed feeding studies will continue to refine our understanding of how algae can be used more effectively in larviculture. www.reedmariculture.com.

32 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | September-October 2015

FEATURE

Microalgae

Q&A with Reed Mariculture Inc founder and President Tim Reed

by Olivia Holden, International Aquafeed Magazine

R

eed Mariculture Inc (RMI) was founded in 1995 by Tim Reed to grow "tank raised" bivalve shellfish.

Tim's concept was to produce the first commercially available shellfish that was raised on land, not in the ocean, producing a product that would be completely safe from toxins such as red tide algae, bacteria blooms, viruses, sewage run-off, and toxic metals.

Reed Mariculture developed tank raised shellfish technology for three years and during this same time developed and refined the technology for large-scale grow out of marine microalgae, which is the feed for shellfish.

In 1998 RMI determined that there was a more lucrative market in selling the microalgae directly to other hatcheries and shut down all shellfish operations. RMI's core technology is a proprietary closed-system photobioreactor design that allows microalgae to be grown in laboratory sterile conditions. This technology is radically different than the open-pond technology used for growing freshwater species of microalgae such as Spirulina, Chlorella, Haematococcus, and Chlamydomonas.

In 2003, RMI expanded its product focus from microalgae to a broader range of larviculture products with the introduction of live zooplankton (rotifers, copepods, and Mysid shrimp) and by distributing products such as ClorAm-X® (for ammonia control) and Otohime Feeds (Japanese weaning diets).

In 2004, RMI entered the home aquarium market with the introduction of the PhytoFeast® products. Phyto-Feast is a super concentrate of marine microalgae formulated for feeding exotic filter feeders such as clams, corals, sponges, and tunicates that are popular in marine reef tanks.

In 2005, RMI expanded their offerings

into the Marine Ornamental industry with the Reef Nutrition product line. This product line includes marine microalgae, macroalgae, rotifers, copepods, mysid shrimp.

Reed Mariculture is now the world's largest producer of marine microalgae concentrates. The Instant Algae® larviculture feeds are used by over 500 hatcheries, universities, and marine ornamental operations in more than 70 countries around the world. We also produce zooplankton, copepods, and weaning feeds.

I was able to talk at some length with RMI founder, Tim Reed about what captivated his interest in aquaculture and how his passion has been the main driver behind the expansion of Reed Mariculture Inc from its origins in 1995 to where it is today.

IAF: Could you tell us a little bit about your background and what sparked an interest in the aquaculture industry?

TR: What sparked my interest was discovering the amazing taste of razor clams! After college I was working on a factory trawler and on a trip to Chile I was introduced to razor clams.

That fueled a dream to start a land-based farm to grow high-value bivalves to sell into the San Francisco market, which required large amounts of marine microalgae.

IAF: You set up and founded Reed Mariculture in 1995. The company is now the world’s largest producer of marine microalgae concentrates used by over 500 hatcheries in more than 90 countries. Can you tell us a bit more about the genesis of the company and its evolution?

TR: When Reed Mariculture Inc (RMI) was founded in 1995, my goal was to produce the

first commercially available, biosecure shellfish raised on land. We developed tank-raised shellfish technology for three years, and during this same time we developed and refined the technology for large-scale grow-out of marine microalgae - the feed for shellfish.

RMI's core technology was and remains to this day a proprietary, closed-system photobioreactor design that allows microalgae to be grown in controlled conditions. In 1998 we determined that selling our microalgae directly to other hatcheries was a more lucrative market, and we shut down all shellfish operations. We innovated a line of refrigerated microalgae concentrates for hatcheries called Instant Algae® that provide “algae when you need it™.”

In 2003 we expanded our larviculture product line with the introduction of live zooplankton (rotifers, copepods, and mysid shrimp), and by distributing products for ammonia control and Japanese weaning and juvenile diets. In 2004 RMI entered the home aquarium market with the introduction of the Phyto-Feast® products-super-concentrates of marine microalgae formulated for feeding coral, clams and other popular, marine reef tank filter feeders.

We expanded into the marine ornamental industry with the Reef Nutrition® product line, which includes marine microalgae, macroalgae, rotifers, copepods, Mysis shrimp and other feeds. In 2011 Reed Mariculture launched a new product line, APBreed™, to provide customised solutions for the unique needs of aquarists, propagators and breeders based on our advanced hatchery products.

IAF: A passion for the uses and applications of algae in aquaculture obviously lies at the heart of your work. Can you tell us more

34 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | September-October 2015

FEATURE about the process of how microalgae is grown?

TR: Unlike traditional algae systems, we use proprietary, closed, recirculating photobioreactor design that allows microalgae to be grown in controlled conditions, miles from any vectors of contamination. Our proprietary harvest and concentration processing then retains intact whole cells that retain all their nutritional value, while at the same time rendering them non-viable.

IAF: What comprises your current product range and applications?

TR: We are the plankton people - both microalgae and zooplankton. We grow and supply hatcheries with a variety of marine microalgae-based feeds for many types of larvae, including finfish, bivalves, crustaceans and ornamentals. We also supply microalgae for rotifers and copepods to nourish finfish and other larvae. In addition, we grow and supply three strains of live rotifers and three strains of live copepods, and supply mysid shrimp and artemia.

We are known for our Instant Algae products that provide “algae when you need it.” Instant Algae has all the advantages and characteristics of live algae without the large investment of infrastructure, time and labor required to grow it yourself. These biosecure

concentrates and custom blends of the most effective algae for larvae growth and survival can be used as a complete feed replacement or as a nutritional supplement, and provide insurance against a crash. The algal cells are non-viable but intact whole cells that retain all their nutritional value, which in turn provides maximum nourishment to the larvae. We also supply eight species of algae including four species of diatoms, plus Isochrysis, Tetraselmis, Pavlova and Nannochloropsis.

For finfish, our RotiGrow® product line includes three all-in-one growth and enrichment feeds with varying levels of DHA. The nutrition from the algae in these products is incorporated into the tissue of the rotifers, not merely the gut, and the whole, intact cell of the microalgae encapsulates all of the nutrients, resulting in a cleaner tank, less waste and greater value. For bivalves, we produce Shellfish Diet®, a superior feed that is a blend of algae for broodstock maturation, first feeding larvae, setting and spat grow-out.

As a complement to the feeds we grow and produce, we also carry a number of support products including Otohime - a high quality Japanese larval weaning and juvenile feed, TDO Chroma Boost™, a pellet fish food "top-dressed" with Haematococcus for vibrant color and superior nutrition, as well as ClorAm-X® for ammonia control and a small

assortment of specialty zooplankton growing equipment.

IAF: What products do you offer specifically for shrimp, one of the biggest exports in Asia-Pacific?

TR: Several of our single-species Instant Algae concentrates are used in shrimp production: Thalassiosira weisflogii and pseudonana, Chaetocerous “B” and calcitrans, and Tetraselmis. All provide “algae when you need it,” in the form of clean, bio-secure nutrition for shrimp. Instant Algae is currently most often used as a biosecure supplement to algae grown on site, but we are currently working on the development of blended algal products nutritionally optimised to be available as a complete algae replacement.

IAF: You also supply to the home and commercial aquarium market. What is exciting about this for you?

TR: Not everyone realises that the needs of home and public aquariums are very similar to the needs of hatcheries. They all need microalgae and zooplankton, which is what we specialise in. We provide clean, biosecure, microalgal and zooplankton feeds that are convenient and easy for home hobbyists and aquariums to use. What is really exciting is how our feeds are helping cutting-edge fish

September-October 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 35

FEATURE and ornamental breeders, who are trying to commercialise various hard-to-raise animals and expand the markets for them. Their successes will ultimately result in greatly reducing or eliminating the need for wild capture and its devastation of natural habitats.

IAF: In what way does Reed Mariculture work with academics and Universities to further and share knowledge?

TR: We supply feed to hundreds of university programs that are pushing the envelope in aquaculture technology. They are never shy about giving us feedback on how we can improve our products and telling us what their

custom blends to meet their animals’ specific nutritional requirements. We refer all technical questions to our phycologists and live feed specialists who take the time to answer questions. We also solicit feedback from our customers to ensure that we are meeting or exceeding their needs.

IAF: Sustainability is obviously a very pressing issue as the demand for more food grows. How is Reed Mariculture engaging with sustainability?

TR: As the supply of fish and shellfish, and more importantly larvae and seed from the wild, become harder to come by,

tainability point of view, our closed, recirculating systems are highly efficient. We have near -0- wastewater, and no discharge. Traditional open pond and batch culture systems lose considerable amounts of water through evaporation, and there are not always effective means for cleaning residual water and making it reusable. As aquaculture grows to meet the requirements of the coming decades, the ability to produce algae sustainably will be critically important.

IAF: What do you perceive to be the biggest challenges facing the aquaculture industry today?

"Aquaculture is a special community of “scientist farmers” who thrive on innovating, nurturing and getting their hands wet. If this kind of thing is your passion, aquaculture can be the most rewarding adventure of a lifetime"

unmet needs are. We have developed and maintained close, collaborative relationships with these programs for decades.

IAF: Client care and technical support lies at the heart of any successful business. How does Reed ensure this is achieved?

TR: We pride ourselves on our customer service and are committed to going above and beyond to support our customers whether it’s to get the product out in a timely way to hard-to-reach locations, providing technical assistance in emergency situations, or collaborating with customers to develop

aquaculture is going to increasingly turn to land-based hatchery larviculture for traditional food sources and new species. Reed Mariculture has the clean, highly nutritious feeds that are needed to support this transition. We also see ourselves playing a role in a future with healthier reef ecosystems. When ornamentals aren’t predominately collected from the wild, creating massive damage to delicate reef life, but are increasingly raised in hatcheries and farms, reefs can be saved from destruction, opening up the possibility of restoration.

In terms of our own production from a sus-

TR: The biggest challenges across all sectors of aquaculture are: increasing hatchery production, improving hatchery technology, and the availability of high quality, healthy, clean larvae/ seed that will perform well in grow-out.

IAF: And finally, what is the one piece of advice you would give anybody looking to work in the aquaculture field?

TR: Aquaculture is a special community of “scientist farmers” who thrive on innovating, nurturing and getting their hands wet. If this kind of thing is your passion, aquaculture can be the most rewarding adventure of a lifetime.

36 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | September-October 2015

FEATURE

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EXPERT Tâ—?PIC

EXPERT TOPIC

KRILL Welcome to Expert Topic. Each issue will take an in-depth look at a particular species and how its feed is managed.

38 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | September-October 2015

EXPERT Tâ—?PIC

1 What do we know about krill?

by Malachi Stone, International Aquafeed Magazine

L

ess than you might think, and certainly less than we should, considering its vital importance to many marine ecosystems.

Euphausia superba (probably the most important species commercially) is to be found within a wide but asymmetric band of water completely encircling the continent of Antarctica, narrowest in the area south of the Pacific Ocean.

However, the actual distribution of individuals within this area is often rather hard to determine. Although there is evidence to suggest they are relatively strong swimmers, it appears they are still very much at the mercy of ocean currents, which have been known to sweep them into superswarms as large as 450km2.

Estimates of global krill biomass have varied widely over the years, between about a hundred to around a billion metric tonnes.

Hence, the great difficulty in assessing how far stocks have fallen in the past decades.

Estimates vary from 38 to 75 percent per decade since 1976.

Even the lower of these two figures is worrying. Why? Because krill are pretty much

the foundation of the Antarctic Ocean's food web. They eat phytoplankton, and are in turn eaten by a vast number of marine mammals, fish, birds and cephalopods. If they go, as far as we can see, a great deal of the ecosystem goes with them.

Krill prefer to eat phytoplankton, but will accept a wide variety of foodstuffs, including their own shed skins and even their own faeces. Cannibalism is also not unheard of: eggs, larvae and adults alike, should the necessity arise.

Captured krill should be processed within three hours, otherwise the meat becomes tainted by their own internal organs. The protein content is high - 40 to 80 percent dry weight - yet some studies have shown a lower growth-rate in fish fed protein sourced only from krill, compared to those obtaining it from fishmeal.

Source: FAO

September-October 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 39

EXPERT Tâ—?PIC

Antarctic Krill Krill, Euphausia superba, are shrimp-like crustaceans. Antarctic krill live in the coldest and most pristine waters on Earth, free of contaminants and environmental pollution. Krill has documented properties, is continuously researched and is sustainably fished.

Proven properties

Fisheries harvest Antarctic Krill in the Southern Ocean where the krill both breed and live. The krill can become six centimeters long and weigh up to two grams. They have large black eyes and translucent pink shells.

Krill are harvested to produce krill meal as an ingredient for aquaculture feeds and pet food. It also has great health benefits for human consumption.

Krill in fish feed has unique properties. Krill meal contains a range of essential nutrients for shrimp and fish, including essential amino acids, feed attractants, and cholesterol. The highly bioavailable phospholipid Omega-3 fatty acids, the powerful antioxidant astaxanthin and high quality proteins speed up growth, improve the fishes’ heart health and the filet yield and quality.

Scientific studies document that fishes with diets that contain krill had increased growth, feed uptake and higher yield. In a major commercial-scale project, salmon were fed BioMar feed with krill, called Quick. The fish were compared to those that had not received Quick. The fish that received feed containing Quick offered a higher slaughter yield and a higher fillet yield. The firmness of the fillet was greater and the gaping was lower in fish that was fed Quick. The improvements in the filet quality could be of major importance.

Many animal studies have been performed with krill meal. Krill has health benefits for dogs. Recently, Aker BioMarine launched Qrill Pet in Europe and it will soon also become available in the US and other markets. Just like krill has many health benefits for fish and shrimp, research indicates health benefits for pets.

Krill oil has been available as a dietary supplement for approximately ten years. The majority of the omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) in krill oil are bound to a particular type of fat called phospholipids. Krill oil significantly improves the omega-3 index (percentage of EPA and DHA in the red blood cell membrane). The functions of EPA and DHA in the human body are many. Among other functions, they promote a healthy heart, and help normalise triglyceride and blood pressure levels. DHA in particular also contributes to normal brain function and vision.

Clean product based on ongoing scientific research

Krill is one of the largest biomasses in the world. There are hundreds of million tons of Antarctic krill around Antarctica in the Southern Ocean. The majority of the krill industry operates in Area 48 where krill lives in large schools. This makes them easy to fish and a particularly appealing food source.

Antarctic krill depend on sea ice for their habitat. They start life as microscopic eggs spawned at the ocean surface. They sink to grow, hatch and then swim to the surface where they feed.

A female krill can lay up to 10 000 eggs, several times during the short Antarctic summer. When the newly hatched larvae arrive at the ocean surface in the autumn they must eat fast, so they can survive the long ice-covered winter. Krill larvae eat ice-trapped algae. In spring, the ice melts and the larvae

are released into the open ocean where they begin to form schools like the adults.

Krill mature at two years old and can live up to 11 years. Adult krill can live anywhere between the surface layer and the seafloor, from shallow areas to deep ocean sea. They migrate between the surface at night and the deep waters during the day, remaining in the dark. The currents, tides and storms affect the schools of krill.

The Southern Ocean is home to thousands of different marine life species, all dependent on each other in a vulnerable ecosystem. Antarctic krill is in the middle of the food chain between the microscopic plants and animals, and the larger animals. Krill are food for humpback whales, fish and penguins.

Despite all of this, there is still a lot that is unknown about krill. The fisheries active in the Antarctic focus their research on gathering scientific data. However, with harsh conditions, the scientific vessels are only present in Antarctic for a short period of time every year. The Association of Responsible Krill Fishing Companies (ARK), an organisation developed to promote research for the sustainable harvest of Antarctic krill, encourages krill fishing vessels to host scientists and collect scientific data. Aker BioMarine gets monthly and haul-by-haul data from the fishery, and carries scientific international observers. This provides information on krill stocks, and expands the knowledge of stock dynamics.

With this knowledge, all parties will have a better understanding of the Antarctic’s ecosystem.

Krill populations vary in size from year to year. And in extreme circumstances, krill shortages have affected the breeding of seals and penguins. In other areas of the Antarctic, it has been difficult to link the krill population fluctuation with the health of the seal and penguin population.

The current assessment process of the krill

40 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | September-October 2015

EXPERT T●PIC population does not include seasonal changes in stock size, natural fluctuations in krill abundance and the effect of climate change (for example, warmer and more acidic oceans) on krill. The main challenge is to get a synoptic survey of the Antarctic krill. These data points need to be collected to better understand the ecosystem and protect it.

In 2015, scientists, businesses and environmental organisations decided to address the lack of information about the Antarctic and its ecosystems, and established the Antarctic Wildlife Research Fund (AWR). AWR is an opportunity to monitor the impacts of krill fishing and conduct further ecological research on krill. The independent scientific experts and their data will fill the critical gap in research and monitoring.

A sustainable industry is a serious industry

Companies that harvest krill are entrusted to care for and handle the krill they fish in a responsible manner. Aker BioMarine’s vessels, Antarctic Sea and Saga Sea, use Pelagic trawls with its proprietary eco-friendly harvesting technology. This is paramount to its activity.

The Eco-Harvesting system harvests live krill on demand. The system’s hose, between the trawl and the vessel, allows the fishing net to stay underwater during the entire operation.

As the net is not hauled and shot, this mini-

mises interactions between the net and krill surface predators, especially seals and birds.

At the opening of the net, a fine-mesh screen excludes unwanted by-catch (nonkrill). The vessel also moves very slowly in the water to allow fish and other species caught in the net to easily swim out. This novel harvesting method, combined with independent observers, catch reports and underwater cameras, and assure that only 0.2 percent of the catch composition are species other than krill. This method, and the fact that the products are swiftly produced, ensure that the products are of the highest quality. Although Aker BioMarine’s technology is recognised as the industry-leading standard, Aker BioMarine is always looking to see how they can improve to work as a sustainably and ecofriendly as possible.

Marine Stewardship Council (MSC), an international non-profit organisation with an independent certifying body and a public assessment process, has developed sustainable fishing and seafood traceability standards.

To be certified, MSC assesses the fishery management, its impact on the stock on species dependent on the krill, while monitoring the wider ecosystem. In 2015, MSC re-certified Aker BioMarine’s krill fishery as sustainable and 100 percent traceable, allowing the fishery to carry the distinct blue eco-label on its products.

When exploratory krill fishing began in the 1960s, catch levels were low compared with the 1980s when commercial fisheries caught more than half a million tons of krill. This raised concerns that fisheries would deplete local krill stocks.

To protect the ecosystem, the Convention of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) was signed. This international

"Krill is one of the largest biomasses in the world.

There are hundreds of million tons of Antarctic krill around Antarctica in the Southern Ocean" treaty continues to oversee krill fishing with 24 members, including six countries that fish for krill. In advance of each season, CCAMLR requires vessels to annually notify their fishing area and potential catches.

With a shared commitment to protect the Antarctic krill, support scientists in their endeavor to learn more about this bountiful, but not unlimited, resource, the properties of krill meal and oil can continue to be researched and documented.

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EXPERT T●PIC

3 Antarctic Krill and accelerated growth rates Aquaculture feeds frequently have several different ingredients with independent and combined benefits. “Feed for farmed shrimp, salmon and marine fish share one aim – to improve the feeding response,” says Nils Einar Aas, Sales Director, Aker BioMarine Antarctic. “Antarctic krill meal from (Euphausia superba) is a feed ingredient that does exactly this. It accelerates growth.” And accelerating growth at the right time promotes filet quality and in addition quantity in terms of fat content, pH, colour, firmness and gaping.

by Olivia Holden, International Aquafeed Magazine

W

hat is good for the consumer can be good for the producer. Accelerated growth is profitable because greater weight leads to higher value.

Accelerated growth reduces production time, which reduces working capital in production and increases profitability.

Feeds are composed differently and each ingredient has attributes that are carefully considered in amounts and quality. Fish feed is often made from a mix of maize, soya and other commodities, various ingredients and micronutrients. Certain ingredients acceler-

ate growth and improve performance; still others replace more costly fishmeal, fish oil, soy lecithin and cholesterol. Many feeds try to speed up growth, increase yield and improve the quality.

Aquaculture feeds’ raw materials and ingredients’ prices vary widely. Prices usually reflect the value given to the feed and the actual supply and demand situation. Raw materials with higher value are often nutrient dense, contain high quality nutrients, have one or more essential nutrients and they can bring additional value to a product like taste or colour.

A powerful and pure ingredient from pristine waters

Studies document performance

Studies and controlled trials for a range of species confirm that shrimp, salmonids and marine fish fed with krill grow faster than the control groups that are fed with feed excluding krill.

Increased growth during the smolt phase has implications for entire growth until harvest. From May to August 2007, a smolt experiment with QrillTM was conducted at Norway’s Averøy research station. Nofima Marine’s research centre conducted the study on juvenile salmon following their transfer out to sea pens. Salmon were fed feed containing 15 percent and seven percent QrillTM Aqua against a control group. Qrill contain a range of functional and essential marine nutrients for aquaculture species, including 40 percent of

Generally speaking, krill is a minor percentage of the feed but it demonstrates major effects: improved health and rapid growth.

Harvested from the Antarctic’s pristine waters (around Area 48), krill provides essentials for health: highly bioavailable phospholipid Omega 3 fatty acids, the powerful antioxidant Astaxanthin, and high quality proteins.

“Krill solves an important problem: how to accelFigure 2: Influence of Qrill as a finisher diet on salmon thermal growth erate growth,” says Aas.

42 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | September-October 2015

EXPERT T●PIC

the lipid content in the form of phospholipids. place between May 2013 and January, days, the salmon fed with 10 percent Qrill It contains a balance of essential amino acids, 2014. Here 14 groups at five sites in had Thermal Growth rate of 4.41 and the fatty acids, feed attractants, Astaxanthin and Norway, totalling 260-farmed salmon, controlled 3.95. healthy cholesterol. And the effects upon were tested. Some were fed BioMar QuickTM another feed with krill, and growth are immediate.

During the smolt phase, feed intake, others not. Nofirma, one of Europe’s salmon weight and faecal samples (indicating largest institutes for applied research digestibility) were monitored daily. The find- within the field of fisheries, aquaculture ings show significant increased feed intake in and food, analysed the results. Salmon groups with Qrill diets. The control salmon fed Quick weighed significantly more grew 163g/fish, whereas salmon fed feed with than the control group (4.6kg and 7.5 percent Qrill grew 211g/fish; and salmon 4.3 kg respectively). In addition to fed 15 percent grew 226 g/fish. In relation to the weight, the feed with krill stimuthe control group, 7.5 percent Qrill increased lated the development of more and growth 30 percent; 15 percent Qrill increased firmer muscle. Independent studies at Norway’s Aquaculture Protein salmon growth 39 percent.

Three months after the study’s start-up, Centre showed that dietary krill the average weight of the control salmon was meal stimulated feed intake and 267 grams, but the average Qrill fed salmon growth in salmon. was 326 grams. This translates to impressive accelerated growth: 18 percent for 7.5 per- Krill as a finisher diet cent Qrill feed and 23 percent for 15 percent Krill has promising properties as a fin- Krill’s unique attributes Qrill feed. isher diet in medium size Atlantic salmon. It There are several attributes that make Study results show significant increased increases the filet quality and the slaughter krill accelerate growth. Its biological features feed intake in groups fed diets with Qrill. weight, which increases the income. In help accelerate the shrimp or fishes’ growth.

The research reinforces documentation short, it leads to a short turn around time The krill’s protein for example is known to lture | 2015 Ad Campaign A | Version: 1 growth. In addition, krill acts as a feed that Hatchery Qrill enhances nutrition and| Theme: growth. Ad-2 from Ian the Jefferds investment| Design: to the return on boost Larger and more robust fish in the critical investment.

A study conducted by Aker attractant and stimulant. It also increases feed ernational Aquafeed | Size: Half Page | Dimensions: 190mm X 132mm phase where salmon are placed in the sea BioMarine had two diets: one with 30 uptake. This unique combination of attributes lowers mortality and morbidity. percent fishmeal and one where 10 per- is what solves more than one problem - it Another commercial scale project took cent Qrill replaced the fishmeal. After 40 accelerates healthy growth.

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September-October 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 43

DANIE

INDUSTRY EVENTS

Offshore Mariculture Conference Mexico www.offshoremariculture.com/mexico

30 Sept - 01 Oct 2015

3rd NordicRAS Workshop on Recirculating Aquaculture Systems www.nordicras.net

14-16 October 2015

Aqua Fisheries Myanmar 2015 www.myanmar-aquafisheries.com

19-22 October 2015

AQUA 2015 www.cna-ecuador.com/aquaexpo/

20-23 October 2015

Aquaculture Europe 2015 www.easonline.org

27-29 October 2015 SEAFEX www.seafexme.com

5-7 November 2015 Expo Pesca & Acuiperu www.thaiscorp.com

16-19 November 2015 Fenacam & Lacqua 2015 http://marevent.com

19-21 November 2015

Taiwan International Fisheries & Seafood Show www.taiwanfishery.com

22-26 February 2016 Aquaculture 2016 www.was.org

26-29 February 2016

Asia Pacific Aquaculture 2016 www.was.org

15-17 March 2016

Oceanology International www.oceanologyinternational.com

25-26 May 2016

Aquaculture UK 2016 http://aquacultureuk.com

04-06 June 2016

FutureFish Eurasia 2016 www.future-fish.com

NEWS SERVICE

Kong, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Bangladesh, China, India, Vietnam, Myanmar, etc.

Co-located events this year include Livestock Myanmar, the Processing and Exporting Seafood Show and conferences and seminars where visitors get to interact with the experts.

Myanmar Convention Centre (MCC), Yangon, Myanmar - 9:00AM – 5:00PM on October 14–16, 2015 qua Fisheries Myanmar will provide a great commercial platform for exhibitors and visitors from all related fields to make new contacts, communicate and explore prospects for business cooperation and establish a foothold in the growing market that is Myanmar.

Aqua Fisheries Myanmar 2015 expects participants from more than 20 countries from Germany, UK, France, Thailand, Taiwan, Hong

A

Highlight scientific seminars:

Crisis management in agriculture, aqua fisheries, livestock production GLOBAL GAP food safety, sustainability and global market access Supply chain establishment and movement for agriculture, aqua fisheries, livestock products Processing Seafood Show Program: - Myanmar Fisheries Development Forum - Fish cooking competition - Pick up target – visitors from main processing and manufacturing plant on 13 October

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Aquaculturists

Second International Exhibition and Conference on Aquaculture and Fisheries for Myanmar

T

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Find more event stories at the

he Latin American and Caribbean Aquaculture Conference (LACQUA´15) this year is being organised together with the Feira Nacional do Camarão 2015 (FENACAM´15) and the South American Regional Aquaculture (SARA´15).

Following the successful previous conferences held in Brazil (World Aquaculture 2003, in Salvador, and World Aquaculture 2011, in Natal), the World Aquaculture Society, its Latin American and Caribbean Chapter (WAS/LACC) and the Associação Brasileira de Criadores de Camarão (ABCC) are joining forces to prepare a high quality conference and an updated producer program in Fortaleza, CE, Brazil, during November 16-19, 2015.

The FENACAM15, LACQUA15, SARA15 will bring together aquaculture farmers, entrepreneurs and experts of the entire Latin American region and the world. In addition to a scientific conference, a strong program dedicated to stakeholders and the industry sector is being organised.

Over 150 booths are expected in the international trade show, and parallel symposia will gather the productive sector to discuss the technical and practical advances that are guiding the development of aquacul-

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21 September 2015

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Aquaculture Feed Extrusion, Nutrition and Feed Management Short Course http://foodprotein.tamu.edu/extrusion

ture and the foundations to overcome their challenges.

The organising team, headed by ABCC and the LACC-WAS, expects more than 3000 professionals of the aquaculture sector to be present in the meeting in Fortaleza.

The participants will be able to attend several keynote lectures offered by well-known experts from around the world, as well as to exchange research ideas and to analyse business options of an important array of worldwide companies that will be present.

The FENACAM15, LACQUA15, SARA15 will congregate LACQUA technical sessions, the XII International Shrimp Farm Symposium, the XII International Aquaculture Trade Show, the IX International Aquaculture Symposium, the 3rd Tilapia Economic Forum and a Seafood Festival.

In this regard, this event will offer an opportunity for everyone involved with the aquaculture sector to get together.

This year´s conference motto: “Science and Industry Joining Forces to Meet Seafood Demands” will, more than ever, bring the message and the expertise of well-known international speakers towards how to integrate the knowledge base for the challenges faced by the aquaculture sector to maintain its growth through innovative science-based solutions.

The deadline for abstract submission is June 1, 2015, via www.was.org. Abstracts and presentations can be prepared in Portuguese, Spanish or English (the language used in the summary will be considered for presentation).

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20-25 September 2015

The Latin American and Caribbean Aquaculture Conference

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EVENT LISTINGS

www.theaquaculturists.blogspot.com September-October 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 44

INDUSTRY EVENTS Catch of the year:

EAFEX 2015 nets world-class line-up of fish producers and aquaculture centres as international suppliers aim to capitalise on regional’s AED1 billion-worth fish industry With demand across the GCC (the trade bloc incorporating Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the UAE and Oman) for fresh fish products expected to grow approximately eight percent per annum up to 2030, an international selection of local, regional and global fish suppliers, producers and aquaculture centres are preparing to reel in regional buyers at SEAFEX 2015 - the region’s biggest trade fair and sourcing platform for the international

production to reduce trade deficits remains a core focus for GCC governments. Heavy investment in pioneering fish farming initiatives has resulted in a regional fund being established in 2014 to assist GCC countries’ aquaculture projects, while the UAE is planning to set-up the Middle East’s first sturgeon caviar and salmon farm in 2016. While boosting domestic fish production will help meet rising regional demand for fish, the reliance on imports will remain.

Fish consumption in the UAE alone is predicted to cross the 900,000-tonne barrier by 2030 and the entire GCC fishing industry currently only produces 392,000 tonnes of fish per year. According to the Ministry of Economy, the UAE contributes 75,000 tonnes - or 19 percent - of the regional production total.

“This year’s largest-ever edition of SEAFEX

seafood industry, running October 27–29 at Dubai World Trade Centre (DWTC).

According to a report by the United Nations’ Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO), per capita fish consumption across the GCC is estimated at ten kilogrammes per year. Courtesy of its high disposable income and strong, high-end year-round tourism, the UAE leads regional per capita consumption rankings at 24 kilogrammes per year - five kilogrammes higher than the global average.

With the regional fish industry worth AED1 billion a year, increasing domestic fish

will offer producers and buyers an unrivalled platform to source and explore new sales avenues, distribution channels, technology advances and regional expansion opportunities,” said Trixie LohMirmand, Senior Vice President, DWTC. “The global fish processing industry is at an interesting stage in its evolution. Regional governments have acknowledged that, on an international level, aquaculture farming centres are catching or have caught up with traditional capture fisheries. SEAFEX provides access to both sectors and unites more

SEAFEX 2015

S

than 150 specialist exhibitors from across the global fish production industry with the right partners from leading regional hotels, restaurants, caterers, retailers, wholesalers, distributors and procurement officials from across the food processing sector.”

In addition to new country pavilions from Morocco, Poland, Norway and the UK, Belgium-based SEAFEX newcomer Vichiunai - one of Europe’s largest producers of crab sticks, surimi products and fish – will join other seafood suppliers from USA, Spain, Singapore, Denmark and Thailand.

Closer to home, European Sea Food - a Dubai-based company importing, exporting and trading all varieties of seafood – is participating for a third-straight year. With domestic holding aquariums with a capacity of over 20,000 kilogrammes of various live products, European Sea Food will exhibit its giant lobster range at SEAFEX 2015.

UAE-based East Fish Processing LLC, a member of Thomsun Group, will leverage SEAFEX 2015 to launch a new line of breaded and marinated products under its EASTCO brand. With an import network bringing in the finest lobster, shrimps, crabs, shellfish, cephalopods and fish from strategic sources across the world, East Fish Processing LLC’s new EASTCO products include marinated fish fillets and marinated shrimps with ‘Lemon and Cilantro’ and ‘Tandoori’ flavours.

Also at SEAFEX 2015, the Chartered Institute of Purchasing & Supply (CIPS) is organising Purchasing and Supply Seminars provided by certified professionals where attendees will earn Continuing Professional Development (CPD) certificates. Finally, the annual SEAFEX Awards will again recognise the seafood industry’s leading industry innovations and launches at a Gala Dinner on the first day of the show.

Open daily from 10am-6pm October 2728, and from 10am-5pm on October 29, SEAFEX 2015 is organised alongside Sweets and Snacks Middle East and The Speciality Food Festival. The three niche food shows are for trade and business professionals only.

General public and persons under the age of 21 will not be permitted entry. Registration is available at the show upon proof of trade status.

September-October 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 45

INDUSTRY EVENTS

Aquaculture Europe 2015: the annual meeting of the European Aquaculture Society

E

uropean aquaculture is an important economic activity in many coastal and continental areas and provides jobs in rural areas. Its full potential has not, however, been developed to date although European and national policy is looking to address this and provide the framework for sustainable growth across this diverse sector.

This year, Aquaculture Europe 2015 (AE2015) will focus on the role and contribution of aquaculture to the management of natural resources and its importance in society through the provision of high quality, nutritious and healthy food.

These are the main thematic areas that will be addressed during the plenary sessions.

European and national research is providing highly innovative and integrated solutions to support development and the outputs of this research will be presented in the AE2015 parallel sessions that cover the full scope of European aquaculture and comprise submitted oral and poster presentations.

AE2015 will also feature an international trade exhibition, farmers’ days (focusing on RAS and shellfish culture), student sessions and activities, satellite workshops of EU projects and initiatives and updates on EU research.

A special forum for students attending AE2015 to enable networking and the exchange of ideas will also be taking place during the event. The forum will have a dedicated programme and include a special student reception. Students will receive the full registration package plus the student reception.To qualify for the student rate, student I.D. is required.

Alistair Lane (Executive Director, European Aquaculture Society), was keen to stress how AE2015 can contribute to student development; “students can have a lot of fun, build up their address books, find full time employment or a mentor”, moreover, “there is an opportunity to engage with leading publishers, and experts in the field”, he added.

Thematic Plenary Sessions

Plenary sessions take place each morning of AE2015 with invited speakers who set the scene and ‘open the debate’ for the parallel sessions of contributed presentations in both oral and poster format.

• New approaches to production: innovation is at the core of sustainable aquaculture development, but so is the contribution of aquaculture to maintain and enhance our natural capital. This plenary session will highlight the most recent developments in the way we

produce our European seafood balancing the ‘precision farming’ concept with the provision of eco-services and being a key element of conservation in local areas.

• Demonstrating our sustainability credentials: Aquaculture producers have several tools available to them to demonstrate their economic, environmental and social responsibility. This plenary will focus on how aquaculture practices can provide that demonstration with an insight into the stakeholder process to develop standards and the environmental, animal welfare, social and ethical elements of these.

• Adapting to consumer preferences: Consumers want healthy, tasty and sustainably produced seafood at a fair price.

This plenary session will provide a retailer perspective on how (European) seafood is a source of superior value to consumers by exploring product image, consumer perception and sourcing strategies that are in line with customer expectations

Location

AE2015 will take place at the De Doelen Congress Centre in Rotterdam, located in the centre of the city and only five minutes walk from Rotterdam Central station and close to all of the selected conference hotels.

The city of Rotterdam is easily accessible via the international airport of Schiphol (25 minutes by train) or the Rotterdam The Hague Airport (EU flights). For neighbouring countries, Rotterdam Central Station is linked by international high-speed trains (Thalys from Paris 2½hrs, Brussels 1¼hrs).

Day 1: Wednesday, 21 October 2015: 09h30 to 10h15.

“Demonstrating our sustainability credentials” – Chris Ninnes, Aquaculture Stewardship Council Aquaculture producers have several tools available to them to demonstrate their economic, environmental and social responsibility. This plenary will focus on how aquaculture practices can provide that demonstration with an insight into the stakeholder process to develop standards and the environmental, animal welfare, social and ethical elements of these.

Chris Ninnes was appointed CEO of the Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) in October 2011. Before joining the ASC, Chris was Deputy CEO and Director of Operations at the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) from 2006 to 2011, where he led the expan-

sion of the MSC’s technical and commercial work. From 2003 to 2006 Chris was Vice President of MRAG Americas, which followed his appointment as Technical Director for MRAG Ltd from 1996 until 2002. Chris worked for the UK Depar tment for International Development from 1983 to 2002 where he advised on seafood industry development issues in Africa and the Caribbean. He has also been a professional inshore fisherman.

Day 2: Thursday, 22 October 2015 : 09h00 to 09h45.

“Adapting to consumer preferences” – Huw Thomas, Wm Morrison Supermarkets Plc Consumers want healthy, tasty and sustainably produced seafood at a fair price. This plenary will provide a retailer perspective on how (European) seafood is a source of superior value to consumers by exploring product image, consumer perception and sourcing strategies that are in line with customer expectations.

Huw is Fisheries and Aquaculture Manager at Morrisons where he is responsible for developing and implementing the seafood sourcing policy across all own brand categories. He is vice chair of the GlobalGAP aquaculture committee, sits on the Oversight board of the Seafish Responsible Fishing Scheme and works closely with the ASC, IFFO and SFP improving the marine ingredients fisheries in South East Asia. His interest in addressing SE Asian fisheries comes from the knowledge gained over seven years whilst operating a prawn processing operation in Vietnam and running the Lyons Seafood Technical and Commercial function in the same region.

Day 3: Friday, 23rd October 2015: 09h00 to 09h45.

“New approaches to production” - Louise Fresco, Wageningen UR Innovation is at the core of sustainable aquaculture development, but so is the contribution of aquaculture to maintain and enhance our natural capital. This plenary session will highlight the most recent developments in the way we produce our European seafood balancing the ‘precision farming’ concept with the provision of eco-services and being a key element of conservation in local areas.

Professor Louise O. Fresco was appointed as President of the Executive Board of Wageningen UR in July 2014. Her career has involved decades of fieldwork in tropical countries, travels to over 80 countries, a PhD cum laude in tropical agronomy (Wageningen), chairs and lectureships at prestigious universities such as Wageningen, Uppsala, Louvain and Stanford and the membership of four scientific academies. She also held several leading positions within FAO.

September-October 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 46

INDUSTRY EVENTS

Event review: Aqua Nor 18-21.05.15 Trondheim, Norway

by Peter Parker, International Aquafeed Magazine

T

rondheim is a great location for hosting Aqua Nor, with an excellent harbour, it is situated where the river Nidelva meets the Trondheimsfjorden, Norway’s third longest fjord at 130km in length.

Locals suggested that Trondheim typically operates with a population of 120,000 in the city centre, this is then flooded with an extra 20,000 people for the week of Aqua Nor, a pressing but healthy figure which seems to be welcomed by the service people of the city.

With my colleagues Darren Parris, and Tom Blacker, we visited the four-day exhibition to meet with friends, colleagues and clients.

International attraction

There were visitors representing 76 nations this time around, 20,848 people, a ten percent increase on Aqua Nor 2013. Those in attendance ranged from university students interested to learn what aquaculture was, through to foreign delegates under the leadership of government ministers and many in between.

Business people, fishermen, scientists, enthusiasts, journalists and entrepreneurs; there was something at Aqua Nor for all who attended.

Whether this is to develop personal and business networks at all levels, to promote or purchase a product, to learn about Norwegian aquaculture, or to share about foreign aquaculture.

Arrival at Aqua Nor

The image when we arrived at the event on the first morning - Tuesday, August 18 - was that of formally suited people outside the foyer, huddled in groups. A large Aqua Nor logo above the three double doors, queues of people within.

On a black stage to the left of the entrance was a large block of ice, which would later be sculpted into a magnificent piece by chainsaw. To the left of the stage was a large marquee, where stood a decorated stage upon which the welcoming ceremony would soon begin.

Welcome ceremony – official opening of Aqua Nor 2015

People who had come from all over with different hopes for the event had occupied seats in the marquee; for example, to my left was the Director General of Fisheries Malaysia with whom I had a discussion about aquaculture production in Malaysia, and to my right was an aquaculture journalist from Scotland – an excellent environment for meeting new people with similar interests.

Liv Holmefjord, the chairwoman of Nor-Fishing Foundation, organiser of Aqua Nor and Norwegian Director of Fisheries was first on stage to welcome guests and direct the proceedings of the ceremony.

After outlining what we had in store for the ceremony she welcomed to the stage two musicians. The two gentlemen occupied the stage, a pianist and a singer, they performed a beautiful and emotive song titled “Bring him home.”

Ms Holmefjord returned to the stage to tell of the progress Aqua Nor has made over the years, stating that it first began in 1979, there were 18 stands, 23 exhibitors and around 100 visitors – the expansion since then has been vast, with more to come.

Ms Holmefjord went on to announce that by 2018 they intend to have a new venue built on the grounds that will offer an additional 5000 square meters of September-October 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 48

exhibition space. This space is in demand; there is currently a list of exhibitors who were unable to erect a stall for this event due to floor space limitations.

Trondheim mayor Rita Ottervik was welcomed next. She too told a story of the growth of aquaculture in Norway. According to Ms Ottervik, in the 1970s salmon farmers were being told that their salmon were too small, the scale of this event primarily focused on the farming of salmon can tell everything you need to know of that story.

Ms Ottervik went on to explain that Trondhiem can be seen as a hub of aquaculture research, where in January 2016 the university will host some 38,000 students.

When Ms Holmefjord returned to the stage she continued on Ms Ottervik’s points around education, saying “we need to recruit bright new minds for the future”, and then welcomed a local Trondheim masters student to the stage.

The master’s student emphasised the need for the industry to engage with students outside of the marine sciences, a practice that the oil industry is already partaking in.

Finally Elisabeth Aspaker, the Norwegian minister of fisheries came to the stage, officially opening Aqua Nor 2015 and informing us that this was the 19th of its kind and that there was good news and bad. Ms Aspaker says that she is proud of the achievements of aquaculture but still sees great potential for sustainable growth, and that this could only be met when social, ecological, and economic dimensions are all addressed concurrently. The comments were directed towards how knowledge is at the core of the Norwegian government’s focus, stating “currently NOK3.6 billion is being invested in marine research annually.”

Ms Aspaker expressed how fisheries crime is a topic close to her heart, and that she sees the potential for a black economy as a threat if this issue not attended to. Essentially saying that 20 years ago the FAO set out guidelines, and it is our responsibility to see these are adhered to.

To close the ceremony an African proverb was shared “If you want to go fast, go alone, if you want to go far, go together” says Ms Aspaker, an inspiring end to a ceremony brimming with optimism whilst still acknowledging the realism and the difficult tasks that exist ahead.

September-October 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 49

INDUSTRY EVENTS

INDUSTRY EVENTS

Coming away from this ceremony, I perceived the key focuses of the exhibition to be on the development and sharing of knowledge and the need for sustainability improvements. But there was also an emphasis on the future generations involvement in aquaculture – with Aqua Nor 2015 being the first to host a student day on the Friday, with free access granted to students. A promotion that ended up attracting over 200 students.

The venue

This years exhibition was held at the Trondheim Spektrum, offering five major exhibition halls, and two large outside tents, on show grounds adjacent to the river and only a five minute walk across a bridge to the Skansen docks where some barges and cages were on display.

The venue featured a new navigation system this year. Coloured lines were displayed throughout the grounds with the letters (A through H) of corresponding halls displayed on them. In addition to this, friendly members of staff in high-visibility vests were available to assist if I were struggling to find a hall or information regarding the event – a service I had to call on when I failed to see spot a massive sign sitting right in front of me.

Facilities were media friendly as well; a long table in the entrance hall was available for the press to distribute their magazines and newspapers from.

A media centre was available on one of the upper floors, a quiet room of desks available with power sockets for computer work, daily complimentary refreshments offered in a lounge where members of the press could relax, and interview tables available just outside of the media center.

Cargill acquires EWOS announcement

At an Aqua Nor press conference on Tuesday August 18th, executives from Cargill and EWOS outlined the acquisition and discussed the significance of the deal for the companies and the industry as a whole.

This acquisition gives Cargill an entry into the salmon market and will make Cargill’s animal nutrition business a leading player in the growing feed industry.

The €1.35 billion purchase which has lead to the joining of forces may be the biggest story in aquaculture for a decade.

Innovation award

Readers will recall in the July/August edition of International Aquafeed magazine we featured the three finalists for the innovation award, namely, the HeliXer fish hospital from Stranda Prolog AS; the precise biomass measurement equipment from Storvik Aqua AS; and Ragnarok, the tough workwear produced

by Protex Norway.

All three of the finalists were on display at Aqua Nor, we visited each of the impressive stalls and it great to see the innovative products in person.

Ultimately it was Stranda Prolog AS who won the Nor Fishing Foundation award for 2015, for their project to treat salmon for lice at the cage site. The project was developed together with Måsøval Fiskeoppdrett AS and consists of a barge, HeliXiR, with tanks and equipment for medication treatment against lice. The system is expected to give a 90 – 98 percent reduction in the amount of medication used.

Environmental award

This year’s environmental award was shared by Akvaplan Niva and Norsk Oppdrettsservice for their work involving the use of lumpfish as a cleaning fish in aquaculture. The Minister of Fisheries, Ms Aspaker and Director of Fisheries, Ms Holmefjord presented the award.

Salmon lice is an on-going issue, it has been referred to as the greatest challenge the industry of salmon farming currently faces. There has been a lot of effort expended in trying to solve this problem. Use of optical methods and heat treatment are two ways of dealing with it, in addition to using medication.

Lately the practice of using lumpfish as a cleaning fish that will eat the lice off the salmon has become more common.

The Directorate of Fisheries has worried about the use of medicines in such treatment, noting that that the pressure on the use of wrasse as a cleaning fish has become a problem. Therefore the introduction of lumpfish as an efficient alternative is welcomed.

September-October 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 50

CEO Andreas Lindhol, of Norsk Oppdrettsservice and Kristin Sæther of Akvaplan Niv received the award on behalf of their companies.

Code of Conduct for responsible fisheries

The ministry of trade, industry and fisheries, together with FAO and the Nor-Fishing Foundation, organised the 20th anniversary celebration of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries on Wednesday morning.

About 80 participants listened to the FAO assistant general for fisheries and agriculture, Mr Arni Mathiesen, speak about how the code was established and what it has come to mean in global fisheries and aquaculture.

Top representatives from seven countries, including ministers from Norway, Brazil, India, and Indonesia, held brief presentations about what the code meant to their countries.

Information sharing at Aqua Nor 2015

Each day a plethora of seminars were available. Seminars were diverse, every day there would be demonstrations of some new piece of equipment, such as that of “Photofish – fast online analysis of fat and colour in salmonids” which was run by AKVA group.

The topics would range through to more general seminars such as “Potential for sustainable growth within aquaculture” as hosted by Nofima.

I counted a combined total of almost 100 demonstrations, lectures, seminars, and open talk sessions - with many of the seminars lasting hours and including multiple sub-topics and expert speakers.

The vast majority of these presentations were hosted at the Spektrum, with only a few being held at nearby hotels usually within walking distance.

Global Salmon Initiative – media briefing

INDUSTRY EVENTS

A number of companies were looking at ways in which salmon farming technology could be generalised to the farming of other species, in order to assist in meeting the increasing demand for protein-rich foods. The statistic we will need to feed a predicted nine billion people by the year 2050 often arising during seminars.

The need for sustainability and the adoption of a holistic approach was frequently promoted.

I would recommend attending this event to anyone with an interest in the aquaculture industry at least once, as it is widely understood, Norway is not the cheapest place on Earth but as a result of this comes the many exceptional facilities and services Norway and Trondheim has to offer.

The only improvement I would like to see next event would be the availability of a translation service, as a handful of seminars with interesting titles were available in Norweigan only. However, after speaking with event organisers’ about this, they suggested it is a change they are considering implementing in the future of the event. This would certainly be another step towards Aqua Nor being a truly international event.

If I were to summarise my experiences of this event with one word, it would be ‘spoilt’. Attendees are spoilt with opportunity, opportunity in all fields of aquaculture, politics and legislation, production and processing, feed and transportation, genetics and health.

However, beyond all of this, I see the most important aspect of the event to be networking. Organisers have fostered a networkingfriendly environment where the stalls welcome socialising with an open floor plan, many of the seminars include tea-breaks, and there are specific events such as the student day where the students had the chance to make contacts for their future careers. In addition to this, the event is located in a compact city that offered opportunities for networking outside of the exhibition boundaries, such as during dinner at the harbour side after the exhibition had closed each day.

On Wednesday August 19th at the Hotel Britannia GSI member CEOs and GSI partners gathered to speak about the initiative’s efforts in finding sustainable solutions to support the long-term future of the farm salmon industry.

GSI announced the launch of an innovative global tender, this tender invited organisations’ interested to develop novel oils high in Omega-3 for fish-farming, to share their proposals to supply participating GSI members with a minimum of 25,000 tonnes of novel oil, and up to 200,000 tonnes, annually for a minimum of two years.

“Ensuring a long-term supply of our feed resources has always been a key focus for the GSI, and through this commitment to new novel oils, instead of waiting for the market to act, we hope to accelerate the development of viable novel oils at a commercial scale to improve the long-term stability of our supply chain”, says Alf-Helge Aarskog, CEO of Marine Harvest.

GLOBALG.A.P. AQUACULTURE STANDARD VERSION 5 NOW ONLINE

Skansen docks

As discussed earlier, the Skansen docks were only a five-minute walk from the Spektrum. The three features of these docks that stood out to me were the constructed Aqualine fish cage, a large concrete barge, and especially the world largest steel feed barge by AKVA group.

On the sunny afternoon of Tuesday August 18th, the AKVA group’s AC 850 Panorama feed barge was handed over to Marine Harvest Norway.

For more information on the impressive steel barge, an article can be found in our Fish Farming Technology section.

Event summary

Everywhere content suggested that the price of salmon is still good, and developments continue to be made across the board. A trend amongst the seminars seemed to suggest that the use of inland RAS systems were gaining popularity.

GLOBALG.A.P. COMPOUND FEED MANUFACTURING STANDARD Safe Feed - Safe Food Check out our website for events happening near you! www.globalgap.org/events

September-October 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 51

VAV +31 71 4023701 www.vav.nl

Welcome to the market place, where you will find suppliers of products and services to the industry - with help from our friends at The International Aquafeed Directory (published by Turret Group)

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Elevator buckets Alapala +90 212 465 60 40 www.alapala.com Tapco Inc +1 314 739 9191 www.tapcoinc.com STIF +33 2 41 72 16 80 www.stifnet.com 52 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | September-October 2015

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To include your company in the International Aquafeed market place in print, and a company page on our website

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contact Tom Blacker.

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September-October 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 53

The aquafeed

interview

One of the biggest buyouts so far this decade, has been the recent acquisition by Cargill of EWOS. This took place in mid-August just prior to one of aquaculture’s largest and most significant events – AquaNor 2015. Negotiations continued into Saturday night, the day before the companies involved headed to Trondheim, Norway, for the bi-annual gathering of the world’s salmon farming industry representatives at the AquaNor 2015 conference and exhibition the following week. Without prior arrangements in place, the companies were able to present their joint agreement, and their commitment to work together for not only the betterment of salmon customers but for the future of all major fish species being farmed for food, to the industry and customers alike.

Ms Sarena Lin, President, Cargill Feed and Nutrition, made the announcement personally at an almost impromptu press conference.

International Aquafeed magazine, was in attendance and has taken the opportunity to report here on most of the questions posed to Ms Lin by journalists representing national, regional and world aqua press.

Let me introduce myself. I am the president of Cargill Feed and Nutrition, its absolutely a privilege to be here and to attend this event and to see the interest you all have in this merger. This is a transformative deal. The reason for that is very simple, if you look at Cargill’s feed industry, something you might not realise is that we have been in the feed business for about 100 years of the 150 years of history of Cargill.

And if you think about the knowledge we have developed over the 100 years that started with us being in 37 countries and 17,000 employees with tremendous expertise and knowledge in feed, but most of it in livestock. What we have done though over the last 15-20 years is to enter into the aqua business.

Aqua nutrition as we know is one of the fastest growing nutrition sectors in the world. And our involvement in the past has mostly been in warm-water fish such as Tilapia and shrimp.

The reason why EWOS is such a critical partner for us is that we believe this is absolutely the transformative transition we need to have to allow us to really jump start a global presence and harness the technology and skill set that evolved over the years to help us really accelerate the growth in all these other species and all these other markets. That’s the first step and we need to get that done first.

Is vertical integration something you might look at down the road?

Again from our perspective, our first and foremost job is to learn the aquafeed industry and with EWOS’s help to understand what it truly means to be successful in the aquafeed industry. I think that is the first thing we have to learn.

Now, obviously, as Cargill Inc. we will always be looking for opportunities for growth, so never say never. However, the practicality is very clear for us in terms of what we need to focus on in the short-term.

In the salmon industry, the feed producers relationships with their users is very close. Do you have that same type of relationship with the users of other livestock feeds you sell? Or is your relationships more at arms length and this is something else you will have to learn?

I think the good news is that in the livestock industry we have very deep relationships with our animal producers. So, no matter what the species, be it dairy, beef or swine especially for the large industrialised producers many of them are our customers we not only deliver feed we also deliver additional service to improve farm management to get better feed efficiency.

There are other aquaculture feed companies out there why choose EWOS?

But having said that, this is something we are very careful about, we know aqua is a different platform from others; livestock has its own characteristics. Aquaculture is an area we absolutely want to rely on our EWOS colleagues to help us and teach us so we understand the nuances of how to serve customers well and serve them better.

So our belief is, if we want to enter the ‘aqua platform’ in a transformative way why not go for the best? We want to go for the best that we can leverage and transfer that technology. So salmon for us is one of the top choices in terms of being able to build that foundation. To us, this is a no brainer.

When we talk about feeding nine billion people by 2050, it’s not often thought this will come from the salmon industry, which is seen as a cash crop. With your global reach and the technology and research that has taken place into salmon feed development, how do you see that technology and research being used in the future? Do you feel that can be expanded to other, larger producing species such as Tilapia or Pengasius? Is this on your horizon?

You all know very well that when we talk about aquaculture its not all the same. In aquaculture when you look at species, based on our understanding, salmon is one of the most important species out there; in terms of the requirements from a nutritional perspective, in terms of processing and in terms of transportation.

The cultural fit we had with the EWOS business, their passion and commitment to their customers, the trust they have built and the innovation system they have. We did not see anything like it in all the other companies we looked at.

Now you are moving into the salmon industry, is this a first step for Cargill to move into salmon production, now that seafood is becoming more and more important?

We really need to understand what salmon is about as we know this is a complicated industry. So out first step is, let’s get this deal done, welcome our EWOS friends into the Cargill family and then continue to explore opportunities.

Absolutely, in fact I would say that is exactly the value we see in this partnership. It is that transferability from what EWOS has developed in salmon into these other species to where we see tremendous growth, especially in Asia. From a research point-ofview we are absolutely impressed by Dirdal, EWOS’s research and development centre, and by what EWOS has done in Dirdal.

We believe that has to be maintained as a hub for us to deepen our knowledge in aqua. But the job, once we integrate, is how do we take that knowhow and expertise to all these other parts of the world. Remember that there are 37 countries where we already have a strong footprint and where we can go in and use this leverage. This is absolutely in our plan.

54 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | September-October 2015

An extended version of this interview can be found on the Aquaculturists blog.

September-October 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 55

AQUACULTURE

INDUSTRY FACES

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New Men for MARS at Planet Ocean urrey-based Planet Ocean Ltd is pleased to announce the arrival of two new team members joining their Marine Autonomous Systems Group located at the National Oceanography Centre MARSIC (Marine Autonomous and Robotics Systems Innovation Centre). Dr Marcus Müller EngD, PGDip, BEng (Hons) joins as Electronics Design Engineer.

Marcus joins us after completing his Bioengineering Doctorate (EngD) in medical devices at the University of Strathclyde. Prior to this, he was awarded a PGDip in Geospatial Mapping Sciences from Glasgow University, and his first degree (BEng) in Mechatronics from the University of Applied Sciences, Regensburg Germany.

Marcus spent time as an intern at BMW China, where amongst other things he analysed and optimised the KUKA- Robot automated production processes for the three and five Series jig lines.

In addition to his native German, and English, Marcus also speaks basic Chinese. In his spare time he enjoys basketball and skiing.

Also welcomed onboard is Jérémy Sitbon. Jérémy is a Software Designer and join after graduating from the Engineering school Polytech Paris-UPMC part of Pierre et Marie Curie University (Paris, France) with a major in robotics engineering, where he undertook an internship with the French Defence Procurement working on micro-UAV’s vision systems.

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Dr Frank Michel: New global sales director at Dr Eckel r Frank Michel is the new sales director at Dr Eckel GmbH from September 1, 2015. Frank Michel holds a doctorate in biochemistry and has extensive experience in sales and team leadership. His particular focus was in the field of dietary supplements and their national and international distribution. “His specific priority is the optimisation of sales activities to the advantage of our customers”, says Antje Eckel, “The rare combination of his education in biochemistry and the commercial implementation in the area of dietary supplements supports our customers to successfully introduce and applicate our product portfolio.”

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The BioMar Group appoints Niels Alsted as Vice President Asia ollowing the announcement of the signature of a Joint-Venture agreement between the BioMar Group and Chinese Tongwei, the BioMar Group has today announced that Niels Alsted will become the first Vice President for BioMar’s new Asian market region.

Carlos Diaz, CEO of the BioMar Group, stated that it was a great pleasure to be able to assign one of BioMar’s most experienced and respected people for this very important new role in BioMar. Niels Alsted will relocate to China before the end of the year; however, he is already intensely engaged in setting up the new business unit.

Niels Alsted has worked with BioMar since 1987. During the years he has had a broad range of responsibilities in different positions within R&D, business development, and sourcing as part of the top management of the BioMar Group. Most recently he held the title of Vice President Sourcing and Business Relations; however his starting point was in R&D. He has a master in Fishery Science and a commercial PhD in Fish Nutrition, which has served as background for his different jobs in BioMar. “Niels Alsted has during the last three decades been one of the most important persons in the process of continuously driving the development of BioMar’s feed program towards new and higher standards, both in terms of feed performance and environmental sustainability. This tremendous knowledge base Niels will now bring to our Chinese Joint-Venture,” said Carlos Diaz.

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Nutriad appoints Country Manager Poland ultinational feed additives producer Nutriad has announced the appointment of Dr Adrian Krzykawski as Country Manager Poland. Adrian Krzykawski has held various senior positions in animal feed industry and holds a master in Zootechnics and a PhD from the Faculty of Biology and General Animal Science of Wroclaw University. Stated Dr Krzykawski: “I am thrilled at the opportunity to work with Nutriad, a leading feed additives brand. Nutriad has a good reputation in the Polish market and I look forward to further expanding our market share.”

With more than 8 million metric tons of feed produced the Polish market is of strategic importance to Nutriad.

Simon Martyn, Regional Director EMEA said: “We work with integrators, premixers, feedmills and farms. Directly and through a network of distributors. We are poised to strengthen our position and our new appointment underscores that commitment.”

56 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | September-October 2015