Redefining Urban Progress
How to Lead Future Ci es

Mapping Key Voices
How to Iden fy Smart City
Influencers Effec vely
Professor Technion


“Great cities are not built by chance—they’re built by vision.”

Redefining Urban Progress
How to Lead Future Ci es
Mapping Key Voices
How to Iden fy Smart City
Influencers Effec vely
Professor Technion
“Great cities are not built by chance—they’re built by vision.”
Theworldin2025isatthecrossroadsof
acceleratingtechnologicaltransformation, changingvalues,andintricateglobalissues.Atthe centerofthisrevolutionarepowerfulleaders-visionaries whoseinfluencegoesbeyondprofitlinestoreshapethe veryessenceofdevelopment.
Whatsetstheseleadersapartisnotonlythecapacityfor predictingchangebutalsoawillingnesstocreateit.Such leadersaretheembodimentofthenewarchetype:fearless risk-takerswhocombinetechnologicalsavvywitha profoundsenseofpurpose.Manysuchleadershave experimentedwithelectriccarsandinterplanetarytravel. Thishasnotonlyupendedbusinessesbutalsoigniteda generationtorethinkthepossibilities.Atthesametime, thesecompassionateleadershavecreatedacultureof innovationandbelonging,demonstratingthatwell-being andresilienceareasimportantastechnicalskill.
By2025,top-downmanagementisathingofthepast.The mostimpactfulleadersarethosewhobelievein inclusivity,teamwork,andflexibility Theyrealizethat diverseworkgroupscreatemoreinnovativeideasandthat psychologicalsafetydrivesimagination.Through prioritizingworkers'welfareandopendialogue,these leaderscreatecompaniesthatthriveinuncertainty.
Technology,particularlyartificialintelligenceandlarge data,isadouble-edgesword.Greatleadersusesuchtools forsmarter,quickerdecision-makingwhilealsomaking surehumanjudgmentandethicsareatthecore.They combinemachineintelligencewithcompassion,knowing sustainablegrowthreliesoninnovationaswellasintegrity
Perhapsmostcompellingistheemergenceofpurposedrivenleadership.Today'sgame-changingleadersarenot satisfiedwithbusinessasusual;theyputtheir organizationsonmissiontoserveawidersocialand environmentalpurpose.Whetherit'smovingtoward sustainabilityorempoweringcommunities,theyknowthat long-termsuccessisinextricablefrompositivesocietal influence.
Aswemovethrough2025,it'sapparentthatprogressis nottherandombyproductofcircumstancebuttheoutcome ofdeliberate,forward-thinkingleadership.Theyarenot merelyguidingbusinesses-theyaredesigningthefuture, demonstratingthatinfluence,whenchannelledbypurpose andcompassion,canbethemostpotentforceforchange. Theirimpactwillbereflectednotjustinprofitsbutinthe enduringvaluetheybringtopeopleandtheplanet.
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Technion-IsraelInstitute ofTechnology technion.ac.il/en
YoramShiftanisaProfessorofCivilandEnvironmental EngineeringatTechnion,specializingintravelbehavior, transportpolicy,andprojectevaluation.
The Israel Smart Transportation Research Center (ISTRC) aims to position Israel as a global leader in smart transportation research, promoting advanced research and multi-disciplinary collaborations.
Transportationisacrucialelementofmodern
society,encompassingarangeofactivitiesfrom urbancommutingtolong-distancetravel.Ascities expandandtheglobalpopulationgrows,transportation systemsmustadapttomeetthechangingdemandsfor efficiency,safety,andsustainability
Thechallengesinvolvedinplanning,developing,and managingtransportationsystemsaremultifaceted,often requiringadvancedmodelingtechniquesandtheintegration ofvariousdisciplinessuchasengineering,economics,and urbanplanning.Theneedforinnovativesolutionshasnever beenmorepressing,withthepotentialfortransportationto impactsocial,economic,andenvironmentaloutcomes significantly
Inthisfield, ProfessorYoramShiftanisaprominent figure.Hisexpertiseintravelbehavior,traveldemand modeling,andtransportationpolicyhasgreatlyinfluenced
thedevelopmentofsustainabletransportationsystems.With abackgroundinbothconsultingandacademia,hehas playedasignificantroleinshapingthefutureoftransportationresearch,education,andpractice.Hisapproach combinesrigorousacademicstudywithpracticalapplicationsintransportationplanning,ensuringthathiswork remainsgroundedinreal-worldchallenges.
AttheTechnion—theIsraelInstituteofTechnology,where YoramShiftandevelopsandapplieshisknowledge—the focusisonadvancingtransportationsystemsthrough interdisciplinaryresearch.Theinstitutionisahubfor advancedtransportationstudies,promotinginnovationand fosteringcollaborationbetweenexpertsinvariousfields.
Throughhisleadership,theTechnionisattheforefrontof advancingcomprehensivetransportationsystems—encompassinginfrastructure,services,policy, regulation,andmore—bothinIsraelandworldwide.It activelycontributestotheglobaldiscourseoninnovative andsustainabletransportationsolutions.
YoramShiftanisaprofessorattheTechnion,theIsrael InstituteofTechnology.AftercompletinghisPh.D.studies attheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT),he beganhisprofessionalcareeratCambridgeSystematics Inc.,aconsultingfirmbasedinCambridge,MA.Overfive years,Dr Yoramhonedhisexpertiseintravelbehaviorand demandmodels.Heworkedonnumeroussignificant projectsanddevelopedtoolsforcitiesandstatestoplan theirtransportationsystems.
Thesignificanttraveldemandmodeldevelopmentprojects thatProf.Shiftanmanagedincludeastatewidemodelfor Indiana,thedemandmodeldevelopmentandananalysisof theSecondAve.SubwayinNewYork,andthedevelopment ofadvancedmodechoicemodelsfortheSouthernCaliforniaAssociationofGovernments(SCAG)inLosAngeles andPhiladelphia.
Prof.Shiftan'sresponsibilitiesincludedconductingtravel demandmodelingandanalysisfornumerousprojects, includingMadisonandWashingtonCounty,RhodeIsland. Healsoperformedvariouseconomicevaluationsof transportationalternativesincludingtheRoadSystem MasterPlanofJerusalem,IsraelandtheTel-Aviv,Israel, MassTransitsystem.Healsocontributedtotrafficflow analysisfortheSupplementalEnvironmentalImpact StatementoftheCentralArtery/ThirdHarborTunnel projectinBoston.
I hope that one day, all nations and groups in the Middle East will be able to thrive in peace and that transportation will play a key role in this development.
AsignificantaspectofProf.Shiftan'sconsultingworkwas hisroleasPrincipalInvestigatorindevelopinganew approachtotraveldemandmodelingcalledtheActivityBasedModel.HecreatedthefirstimplementationofatourbasedmodelsystemforBoise,Idaho(1994),markingan importantsteptowardactivity-basedmodeldevelopment andapplication. Additionally,hewasaprimaryteam memberindevelopingthefirstcompleteactivity-based modelsystemforthemetropolitanareaofPortland,Oregon re(1995).
From2004to2008,Prof.ShiftanservedasPrincipal Investigatorforthecreationanddevelopmentofthe Activity-BasedModelforTel-Aviv,Israel,thefirstsuch modelusedbyaRegionalTransportationAuthorityto analyzeandplanitstransportationsystems.
Prof.Shiftanalsoparticipatedinseveralinfluentialprojects, includingtheU.S.FederalHighwayAdministration’s (FHWA)TravelModelImprovementProgram,focusingon topicssuchasshort-termtravelmodelimprovements,the impactoflanduseandtraveldemandmanagement strategiesoncommutingbehavior,andtheTravelSurvey Manual.HecontributedtoaNationalCooperativeHighway ResearchProgram(NCHRP)projecttitled"QuantifyingAir QualityandOtherBenefitsandCostsofTransportation ControlMeasures."
Hisexpertisealsoextendedtomarketresearchmethodsfor transitauthorities,includingdiscretechoiceandadvanced simultaneousequationsmodeling,withstudiesconducted
Students gain more from hands-on, project-based work, as it encourages them to think creatively, rather than simply memorizing material for exams, which they often forget soon after.
forservicessuchastheSanFrancisco,CA. BayAreaferry system,theLongIslandSoundferryservices(connecting Connecticut,LongIsland,andManhattan),andtheSalt LakeCity,Utahtransitsystem.
Afterfiveyearsinconsulting,Prof.Shiftantransitionedto academia,recognizingthathisconsultingworkhadalready reachedanacademiclevel.Hisconsultingexperiencewas equivalenttoapostdoctoraltrainingperiod,typically undertakenbyrecentlygraduatedPh.D.studentsbefore beginningacademiccareers.
Inacademia,Prof.Shiftanfocusesprimarilyonresearch whilemaintainingaconnectiontopracticalapplicationsin transportationplanning,continuingtoblendresearch-level consultingwithhisacademicpursuits.Duringthistime,he consultedtheIsraeligovernmentonmanystrategic transportationplans,includingmasstransitinmajor metropolitanareasandtheIsraelRailexpansionplan.
Aspartofhisacademiccontribution,hewastheheadofthe TransportationandGeo-InformationDepartmentandthe headoftheTransportationResearchInstituteatthe Technion,theHeadoftheInternationalAssociationof TravelBehaviorResearch(IATBR)andtheeditorofthe ElsevierjournalTransportPolicy
Prof.ShiftanfindsgreatsatisfactioninseeinghisPh.D. studentsgraduate,publishhigh-qualitypapers,andadvance theircareers.Heaimstoleavealegacyasaneducatorwho shapedthenextgenerationoftransportationplannersand professors. Currently,thestudentshesupervisedhold academicpositionsatleadinguniversities:SigalKaplanis anAssociateProfessorattheTechnion;EranBen-Eliais nowanAssociateProfessoratBen-GurionUniversity;Wafa EliasisanAssociateProfessoratSamiShamoonCollegeof Engineering;andBat-henNahmias-Biranisasenior lectureratTelAvivUniversity.Prof.Shiftantakespridein contributingtoeducatingmanyyoungtomid-career professorsinhisfieldacrossIsrael.
Prof.Shiftanaspireshisstudentstopursueinnovative solutionstoaddresstransportationplanningchallengesand contributetodevelopingadvancedandsustainablesystems. Heencouragesthemtoaimforapositiveimpactonthe worldthroughtheirresearchandpractice,regardlessof theircareerpaths.Prof.Shiftanurgeshisstudentsto maintaincuriosity,askthoughtfulquestions,andremain committedtocontinuouslearningandexploration.
Prof.Yoramacknowledgesthesignificantinfluenceoftwo esteemedmentorsduringhisacademicandprofessional journey.HisPh.D.advisor,Prof.NigelWilsonfromMIT, playedapivotalroleinshapinghisresearchmethodologies andworkethic.Prof.ShiftancreditsProf.Wilsonfor teachinghimcriticalthinkingandeffectivewritingand equippinghimwithrobustresearchtools.Hedescribes Prof.Wilsonasa"mensch,"highlightinghisprofessional excellenceandthepleasureofworkingwithhimona personallevel.
Prof.MosheBen-Akiva,alsofromMITandamemberof hisPh.D.committee,hasbeenalongstandingcollaborator. SinceProf.Shiftan'sgraduation,theyhaveworkedon variousprojects,includingcurrenteffortstodevelopand analyzetheimpactoftravelbehaviorofpotentialconges
I consider dening a research topic an essential part of doctoral training and encourage students to develop their thoughts and ideas.
tionpricingthroughadvancedstatedpreferencesurveysand modeldevelopment.Prof.ShiftanappreciatesProf.BenAkiva'sencouragementtoinnovate,pushboundaries,and embracethemindsetthatallpossibilitiescanbeexplored.
Prof.Shiftanapproachesstudentengagementwithadistinct philosophytailoredtotheiracademicinvolvement.He viewstheprocessasaprofessionalpartnershipforthose underhissupervision,emphasizingtheimportanceof studentsdevelopingtheirthoughtsandideas.Heconsiders definingaresearchtopicanessentialpartofdoctoral trainingandrefrainsfromprescribingtopics,encouraging independenceandintellectualgrowth.
Inhisclasses,Prof.Yoramcultivatesaninteractiveand participatorylearningenvironment,encouraginglively discussionsandthought-provokingquestionstostimulate criticalthinkingandproblem-solving.Hebelievesacademia'strueroleisnotmerelytodelivermaterialbuttoteach studentshowtolearn,thinkcritically,andacquirenew knowledge.Advocatingforahands-onapproach,he emphasizescreativityanddeeperunderstandingoverrote memorization.
Prof.Shiftanhighlightstheinherentlyinterdisciplinary natureoftransportationplanning,whichrequiresintegrat
The true role of academia is not to deliver material, but to teach students how to learn, think critically, and provide them with the tools to acquire new knowledge.
ingknowledgefromdiversefieldssuchascivilengineering, economics,econometrics,psychology,behavioraleconomics,geography,urbanplanning,regionalscience,andlaw
Whileacademiaoftenrewardsspecializationinnarrow areas,Prof.Shiftanemphasizestheuniquevalueand intellectualrichnessofmultidisciplinaryapproachesin transportationresearch.Heacknowledgesthechallengesof contributingtoandadvancingthedomainofinterdisciplinarywhilestrivingtoinnovateandimprovethedevelopment oftransportationsystems.
Prof.Shiftan'spassionfortravel,hiking,outdooractivities, yoga,andurbanwalksreflectshisactiveandenergetic lifestyle.Healsoenjoysexploringculinaryexperiencesasa connoisseurofgoodfoodandanenthusiasticcook.
Throughhisinternationalcollaborations,Prof.Shiftanhas createdanenvironmentwherehisstudentsfeelwelcomedat conferencesandduringtheirtravels.
Inadditiontohiseducationalimpact,Prof.Shiftan's researchhasplayedasignificantroleindeveloping sustainabletransportationinIsrael,helpingpolicymakers makewell-informeddecisions.Oneexampleishisworkon thebenefitsandcostsoftheTel-Avivmetroproject,a venturewithanestimatedinvestmentofover50billionUS dollars.Hisresearchhighlightedtheproject'ssocial,urban, andenvironmentalbenefits,whichwaskeyinconvincing thegovernmentofitsimportance.
Prof.ShiftanalsofoundedandheadstheIsraelSmart TransportationResearchCenter (ISTRC—https://istrc.net.technion.ac.il/),whichservesasa hubforsmarttransportationresearchinIsrael,encompassingacademic,industry,andpublicsectoractivities.The centerpromotesadvancedresearchacrossallareasofsmart transportationandworkstointegrateitsfindingsinto Israel'stransportationsystems.
ThecenteraimstopositionIsraelasagloballeaderinsmart transportationresearchbybringingtogetherexpertsfrom variousfields.Itsupportsmultidisciplinarycollaborations, providesfellowshipsforinternationalstudyandconference participation,andorganizesconferencesandworkshopsto advancethefield.
Prof.YoramShiftanreflectsonalong-helddreamfromthe mid-90swhenagroupofprofessionals,consistingof graduatesfromtheMITtransportationprogram,whogrew upinvariouscountriesintheMiddleEast,workedto establishaMiddleEastTransportationConsultingGroup. Thisinitiativeaimedtodeveloptheregion’stransportation networkforafutureofpeaceandprosperity,avisionthat seemedpromisingatthetime.However,theassassination ofIsraeliPrimeMinisterItzhakRabin,akeyproponentof thepeaceprocess,markedtheendofthatdream.Despite thedifficultcircumstancesintheMiddleEast,Prof.Shiftan holdshopethatoneday,allnationsandgroupsintheregion willthriveinpeaceandthattransportationwillplayakey roleinthisdevelopment.
Inadditiontothisaspiration,Prof.Shiftaniscommittedto continuinghiscurrentwork,includingeducatingthenext generation,advancingresearchintravelbehavior,and contributingtodevelopingsustainabletransportation systems.FortheTechnion,heenvisionsgreaterinvolvementinpublicpolicyandtransportationdevelopment, particularlyasacenterforinfrastructureadvancementin theMiddleEast,helpingtheregionrecoverfromthecurrent turmoil.
Inaneramarkedbyrapidurbanization,technological
acceleration,andcomplexglobalchallenges,thevery definitionofurbanprogressisbeingreimagined. Futurecitiesarenolongerjustcentersofpopulationand commerce,theyareemergingascriticalplatformsfor sustainability,equity,andinnovation.Asthepressureson urbanareasintensify,theroleofleadershipbecomes pivotal.Thepathforwarddemandsleaderswhocan navigatenotonlytechnologicalchangebutalsosocial transformationandenvironmentalresponsibility This articlehighlightskeystrategiesessentialforleadingfuture cities,emphasizingtheneedforurbangovernancetoevolve inordertopromoteinnovation,advanceinclusivity, enhanceresilience,andfostercollaborationacrossall sectorsofsociety.
Thedigitalrevolutionisreshapingcitiesatan unprecedentedpace.Smartcitytechnologies—rangingfrom InternetofThings(IoT)sensorstodata-driventraffic systems—offerpowerfultoolsforimprovingurbanservices andqualityoflife.However,technologymustbeusednot asagoalinitselfbutasanenablerofinclusiveandefficient urbanexperiences.
Leadershipinfuturecitiesmustthereforefosteracultureof innovationthatembracesexperimentationanditerative design.Thisinvolvessupportingtechecosystems,creating sandboxesforemergingsolutions,andpartneringwith academicinstitutionsandtheprivatesector.Digitalliteracy andcybersecurityalsoneedtobecorecomponentsofany smartcityinitiativetoensurethatthedigitaldividedoesnot deepenexistinginequalities.
Moreover,cityleadersmustbevigilantinensuring transparencyandprivacy.Asmoredataiscollectedfrom urbanenvironments,governanceframeworksmustprotect citizens’rightswhileleveraginginsightstoenhancepublic services.
Thefutureofcitiescannotbetrulyforward-lookingwithout addressingthedeep-rootedsocialinequalitiesthathave longplaguedurbanlife.Inclusiveleadershipmeansactively involvingallcommunitiesinthedecision-makingprocesses andensuringthatpoliciesreflectdiversevoices.This includesmarginalizedgroupssuchasethnicminorities, women,theelderly,andpeoplewithdisabilities.
Citiesmustbedesignedwithaccessibilityandequityat theircore.Affordablehousing,universaldesigninpublic infrastructure,accessiblepublictransportation,and equitableaccesstoeducationandhealthcarearecentralto achievingthisvision.Urbanleadersmustgobeyond consultationandempowercommunitiesthrough participatorygovernanceandcommunity-leddevelopment models.
Byembeddingequityintopolicyframeworksandcity planning,leaderscanfosterasenseofbelongingandshared purposeamongresidents.Thissocialcohesionisvitalfor resilienceinthefaceoffuturechallenges,fromeconomic disruptiontoclimatechange.
Resiliencemustbeintegratedintoeverylayerofurban planning.Climatechange,publichealthcrises,and geopoliticalinstabilityarejustafewoftheunpredictable forcesthatwillshapecitiesintheyearstocome.Futurefocusedleadershipunderstandsthatresilienceisnotjust aboutreactivemeasures—itisaboutproactiveplanningand structuralpreparedness.
Thisrequiresinvestmentinadaptableinfrastructure, disasterriskreductionstrategies,andflexiblepublicservice deliverysystems.Watermanagement,foodsecurity, emergencyresponse,andpublichealthcapacitymustbe prioritized.Cityleadersmustalsocollaborateacrosssectors andjurisdictions,recognizingthatresilienceisashared responsibility.
Leadershipmustalsorecognizetheimportanceofsocial resilience.Empoweringcommunitiestosupportone
anotherintimesofcrisis,investinginmentalhealth,and buildingnetworksofcarecanhelpcitieswithstandand recoverfromshocksmoreeffectively
Nosingleactorcanleadafuturecityalone.Collaborationis essential—betweenpublicinstitutions,theprivatesector, academia,andcivilsociety.Effectiveleadershipinvolves breakingdownsilosandbuildingcross-sectoral partnershipsthataligntowardcommongoals.Thisincludes co-developingpolicies,sharingdata,poolingresources,and leveragingdiverseperspectives.
Urbanleadersmustalsobeattunedtoglobalnetworks.As challengesbecomeincreasinglytransboundary,cities benefitfromlearningfromoneanother.Participationin globalcitynetworksandknowledgeexchangescan facilitateinnovation,supportpolicydevelopment,and amplifycollectiveurbanadvocacy
Internally,cityadministrationsmustbecomemoreagileand integrative.Thisinvolvesreforminggovernancestructures tobelesshierarchicalandmoreadaptivetofeedback. Encouraginginterdepartmentalcollaborationand incentivizinginnovationwithinpublicinstitutionsarekey tofosteringadynamicurbanleadershipculture.
Conclusion
Thefutureofcitieswillbedeterminedbythechoicesmade bytheirleaderstoday.Redefiningurbanprogressmeans movingbeyondtraditionalmodelsofdevelopmentand embracingavisiongroundedininnovation,inclusion, resilience,andpartnership.Citiesmustbecomelaboratories forprogress,whereboldideasaretested,diversevoicesare elevated,andlong-termsustainabilityisprioritized.
Effectiveurbanleadershipisnotsimplyaboutmanaging growth,itisaboutshapingenvironmentswherepeopleand ecosystemscanthrivetogether.Aswelookahead,those wholeadwithempathy,foresight,andadaptabilitywillbe thearchitectsofcitiesthatarenotonlysmarter,buttruly betterforeveryone.
L O U K A S
Inthe1990s,thescientificcommunitywidely
anticipatedthattheHumanGenomeProject(HGP) wouldrevealapproximately100,000genesandoffera comprehensivemapconnectingspecificgeneticregionsto associateddiseases.Itwasexpectedthatminorgenetic variationsinafewgenescouldhelpexplaincomplex conditionslikeAlzheimer'sorcancer Theseearly expectationsfuelledavisionforaneweraofmedicinethat couldprovidehighlypersonalisedtreatments-often describedas“therighttreatment,totherightpatient,atthe righttime”(“NationalResearchCouncil,2011”).
BythetimeHGPwascompletedin2003,humanswere foundtohaveonlyaround20,000codinggenes.This finding,alongwithsubsequentGenome-WideAssociation Studies(GWAS),shiftedthescientificconsensusaround 2010.Researchersbegantounderstandthatmanydiseases resultnotfromsingle-genemutationsbutfromthe interactionofmultiplegeneticfactorsandcomplex environmentalinfluences.
Thischangeinperspectivemovedthescientificcommunity fromtheterm“personalisedmedicine”,whichrequired understandingofindividualgenomicandenvironmental information,towardswhatisnowknownasPrecision Medicine.Precisionmedicineaimstodeveloptargeted treatmentsbasedonadeepunderstandingofthevarious biological,environmental,andlifestylefactorsinfluencing eachindividual.Thisapproachrequiresprocessingand analysingextensivedatasetsfromdiverseandoften disparatesources.
Therehasneverbeenamorecompellingcasefor harnessingthepowerofBigDatainhealthcare.Whileearly modelsfocusedheavilyongeneticexplanationsfordisease, wenowrecognisethatapproximatelyonly10%ofdiseases canbeattributedtogenetics,while90%appearstobeby environmentalandbehaviouralfactors,includingdiet, physicalactivity,stress,andsleep.
Precisionmedicineleverageslarge-scale,data-driven approachestoevaluatemultipleinputs,suchasgenomic data,clinicalrecords,lifestylehabits,andenvironmental exposurestowardspatternsdetection,risksidentification, andcarestrategiescustomisation.Thisanalyticalcapability allowsforearlierdiagnoses,moreeffectivetreatmentplans, andbetterdiseaseprevention.
OneprominentfigurewhoembracedthismodelwasSteve Jobs.Followinghiscancerdiagnosis,heexplored genomics-basedtreatmentpathways,reflectingabroader shifttowarddata-informedmedicaldecision-making (“Isaacson,2011”).
FoundationalElementsofPrecisionMedicine
1.DataIntegrationandStorage
Modernprecisionmedicinereliesonawiderangeofdata types,including:
• Genomic,proteomic,metabolomic,andother-omics data
• Electronichealthrecordsandclinicaldocumentation
• Medicalimagingdata
• Environmentalandlifestylemetrics
• Datafromwearableandsensor-basedhealth monitoringdevices
Managingthesemassiveandheterogeneousdatasetsposes severalchallenges:
• Ensuringcompliancewithdataprivacyregulations (e.g.,HIPAA,GDPR)
• Integratinginformationfrommultiplesourceswith differentformats
• Dealingwithmissing,inconsistent,orinaccuratedata entries
• Maintainingpatientanonymity,especiallyfor identifiablegeneticdata
• Addressingcybersecurityrisksinmedicaldatasystems
• Capturinglongitudinaldatatoobservechronicdisease progression
Formerly a Geneticist, Loukas Tzitzis transitioned to the technology sector in the late 1990s. With 25 years of global impact across startups, SMEs, and corporates, he has earned industry awards and board roles. A champion of AI inclusivity, his expertise spans AI, MedTech, FinTech, Cybersecurity, ICT, and Digital Mobility.
Machinelearning(ML)andotheradvancedanalytics techniquesareusedtoextractmeaningfulinsightsfrom thesedatasets.Applicationsinclude:
• Identifyingindividualsathighriskforcertain conditions
• Detectinggeneticmutationsandpredictingdisease progression
• Discoveringnewdrugtargetsandoptimizingclinical trialdesign
• Enablingadaptive,personalizedclinicaltrialsthrough trial-eligiblepatientswiththerightphenotypeand genotype
• Stratifyingpatients
• Buildingmolecularprofilesandbiomarkersignatures
Theseinsightshelpclinicians:
• Predictdiseasesusceptibility
• Reducesideeffectsthroughtargetedtherapies
• Acceleratedrugdevelopmentpipelinesandimprove efficacyofexistingdrugs
• Monitortreatmenteffectivenessandpatientoutcomes
• Enhancereal-timeclinicaldecision-making
• Analysepublichealthtrendsandaddresshealth disparities
AnillustrativeexampleistheuseofBRCA1/BRCA2 mutationtesting,whichsignificantlyincreasestheaccuracy ofbreastcancerriskassessments.Additionally,polygenic riskscoresderivedfromGWASdataofferrefinedrisk estimationsbasedonmultiplegeneticmarkers.
ChallengesinClinicalApplicationofPredictive Analytics
ApplyingMLinclinicalsettingspresentsnotablehurdles:
• Genomicandimagingdatarequiresignificant computationalresources
• Datasetsoftenunderrepresentdiversepopulations, leadingtobiasedoutcomes
• Somealgorithmsfailtogeneraliseacrossregionsor institutions
• There'sashortageofqualifiedprofessionals(e.g., bioinformaticians,datascientists)
• Healthcareprovidersmaybehesitanttoadoptnew toolsthatdisruptclinicalworkflows
• ManyAIsystemslacktransparency,makingthem difficultfordoctorstointerpretandtrust
OpportunitiesAhead(2025–2030)
Theecosystemmaturityofbothcommercial& infrastructureplatformshassetthestageforpotential transformationalchanges.Keyemergingareasinclude:
• Integratinggenomics,transcriptomics,metabolomics, andepigenomicstomodeldiseasemechanismsmore precisely
• UsingMLtodiscovernoveldrugtargetsorrepurpose existingmedicationsbyanalysingclinicaltrialsand real-worlddata
• Stratifyingpopulationsbasedongeneticrisktoenable preventiveinterventions
• Creatingdigitaltwins-virtualreplicasofpatients-to simulatediseaseprogressionandtreatmentresponses
• Leveragingglobaldatasetstoaddresshealthcare disparitiesacrossdifferentdemographicand socioeconomicgroups
Despiteitsgroundbreakingachievements,theHuman GenomeProjectdidn’tcapturethefullcomplexityof humangeneticvariation.Notwoindividualssharetheexact sameDNA,andgeneticinformationaloneoffersonlya partialviewofhumanhealth.Epigeneticstudiesand environmentaldatahaverevealedhownon-geneticfactors cansignificantlyinfluencegeneexpression.
Recenttechnologicaladvancementsnowenablescientiststo collecthigh-resolutiontemporaldatafromhair,teeth,and othertissues,offeringinsightsintohowhealthevolvesover time.These“temporalbiomarkers”allowforamore dynamicunderstandingofhumanphysiology
Inthiscontext,integratingenvironmentaldataareacritical complementtogenomics.Bycombiningmultipledata streamsandpoweredbyartificialintelligenceandbigdata analytics,precisionmedicinecanoffermoreholistic, individualisedcare,withthepotentialtoredefinehowwe diagnose,treat,andpreventdisease.
Ultimately,bybringingtogethergenomicinsightswith environmentalawareness,wecanunlockadeeper understandingofdiseaseandpharmaceuticstobringatruly personalisedandpreventativemedicinewithinreach.
Rachel is Execu ve Director at the Aldersgate Group, a mul stakeholder alliance championing a compe ve and environmentally sustainable economy. Rachel has been working in environment and energy policy for more than 20 years. She began her career in the UK government graduate programme, and has la erly held leadership roles within public, private and non-profit sectors. Highlights of her career have included leading policy development for the UK Climate Change Act, developing the Tesco climate strategy, and establishing the UK’s sustainable avia on fuel policy framework.
-By Rachel Solomon Williams
Intheevolvinglandscapeofthe21stcentury,leaders
arenavigatingcomplexitiesthatseemmorelayered andchallengingthaneverbefore.Frompolitical upheavalstotechnologicaladvancements,therapidpaceof changeischallengingtraditionalapproachestoleadership. AstheExecutiveDirectorofapolicy-focusedorganization, Ihavefoundthatleadingthroughcomplexityrequiresamix ofadaptability,transparency,andaforward-thinking mindset.
Inpolicywork,complexitiesareoftenintrinsictotheissues we’retackling.Climatechange,naturerestorationand technologicalregulationdonothavestraightforward solutions.Theyinvolvemultiplestakeholderswith divergentviewpointsandrequireanuancedapproachthat canrespondtoashiftinglandscape.Oneofthemost significantlessonsI'velearnedinnavigatingcomplexityis toembraceuncertaintyasaconstantratherthana temporarystate.Thisrequiresbuildingaculturewhere ambiguityisnotseenasathreatbutasanopportunityfor learningandgrowth.Inpractice,thisinvolvesencouraging colleaguestoquestionassumptions,engageinopen dialogue,andviewsetbacksasinsightsratherthanfailures. Itisinthesemomentsofambiguitythatnewperspectives emerge,leadingtoinnovativesolutions.
Nosingleorganizationcansolvecomplex,systemicissues alone.Collaborativenetworksareessentialnotonlyfor poolingresourcesbutalsoforexpandingourreachand impact.Leadingapolicyorganizationmeansbuilding relationshipswithgovernmentdepartments,nonprofit
organizations,businessleadersandcommunitiesdirectly impactedbypolicydecisions.Thesepartnershipsbring diverseperspectivesthathelpusseethebiggerpicture,and theydrivecollectiveeffortsthatextendbeyondour individualorganization’scapacity
Inmyrole,Istrivetocultivatethesenetworksby prioritizingtrust,transparency,andmutualrespect. Collaborationisnotalwayseasy—eachpartnerbringsits owninterestsandexpectations.However,byestablishing cleargoals,maintainingopenlinesofcommunication,and fosteringanatmosphereofsharedresponsibility,wecreate afoundationwheredifferentpartiescanworktogether towardacommonvision.
Closertohome,acultureofcontinuouslearningisvitalfor long-termsuccess.Thebestleadersarethosewho encouragecuriosityandsupportthedevelopmentoftheir teams.Inapolicyorganization,wherenewresearchand dataconstantlyinformourwork,itisessentialthatwekeep upwiththosenewdevelopments.Thisrequiresinvestingin professionaldevelopmentandpromotinganenvironment whereteammembersfeelempoweredtoexplorenewideas, experiment,andlearnfromfailure.AtAldersgateGroup, weallocatetimeandresourcestotraining,workshops,and cross-departmentalknowledgesharing.Wealsoaimto maintainafeedbackloopwhereinsightsfromourwork informfuturestrategies.Byembeddinglearningintoour organizationalDNA,wearebetterequippedtoadaptto emergingtrendsandstayresilientinthefaceofchallenges.
Complexitycanoftenleadtomissiondriftifnotcarefully managed.Awell-definedvisionandpurposeserveas guidingstars,helpingtheorganizationremainfocused amidstthenoise.Inpolicywork,wherenewissues constantlyemerge,itiseasytogetpulledinmultiple directions.Asaleader,myroleistoensurethatour organization’spurposeremainsclearandthatouractions alignwiththispurpose.Thisisprobablythehardestpartof myjob,aswellasthemostimportant!
However,maintainingaclearvisiondoesnotmeanbeing inflexible.Complexityrequiresthatweperiodically reassessourgoalsandadjustthemasnecessary This processofstrategicreflectionallowsustostayanchoredin ourmissionwhileremainingresponsivetonewchallenges. Wheneveryteammemberunderstandsandbuysintothe organization’spurpose,itbecomeseasiertonavigatethe inherentunpredictabilityofourwork.
Oneofthemostchallengingaspectsofleadingthrough complexityisbalancinglong-termstrategicgoalswiththe needforshort-termadaptability.Inpolicy,ourimpactis oftenmeasuredinyears,ifnotdecades,yettheenvironment arounduscanshiftdramaticallywithinafewmonths. Effectiveleadershiprequiresfindingwaystopursue enduringgoalswithoutlosingtheabilitytorespondto immediatepressures.Wearealsotryingtoimproveour impactmeasurement,ensuringthatwehaveclearmetrics foroutputs(e.g.,reports,events,mediacoverage)and outcomes(influencingpolicychange).
Anotherissuewithcomplexityisthatitcanbreed confusion,especiallywhenstakeholdersareunsureofthe organization’sdirectionorrationalebehindcertain decisions.Transparentcommunicationisvitalfor maintainingtrustandensuringthateveryone—from employeestoexternalpartners—understandsourgoals, challenges,andstrategies.Thismeansbeingopenabout bothoursuccessesandoursetbacks.Iaimtocommunicate notonlythroughformalchannelslikereportsandmeetings butalsothroughinformalinteractions.Bybeingaccessible andopen,Ihopetocreateanatmospherewhere transparencyisthenormratherthantheexception. Leadershipincomplexityoftenrequiresmanaginghigh levelsofstress,bothpersonallyandwithintheorganization. Resilience—theabilitytorecoverquicklyfrom setbacks—iscrucialforsustainedimpact.Ibelievethat fosteringresiliencebeginswithacommitmenttoemployee well-being.AttheAldersgateGroup,wehaveimplemented policiesthatsupportwork-lifebalanceaswellasmental andphysicalhealth.Whenemployeesfeelsupported,they
arebetterabletohandlethedemandsofcomplexwork. Makingthisworkinpracticemeanssometimeshavingto letcertainworkprojectsordemandsgoratherthanpushing theteamtodelivermore,butit’salwaysworthwhileinthe longterm.Asaleader,Ialsotrytomodelresilienceby maintainingapositiveoutlookanddemonstrating adaptability.Ihopethatdoingsoalsoencouragesothersto buildtheirowncapacityfornavigatingchallenges.
Leadingapolicyorganizationthroughcomplexityisbotha challengingandrewardingendeavor.Itrequiresembracing uncertainty,fosteringagility,buildingpartnerships,and maintainingaclearvision.Astheworldcontinuesto evolve,policyorganizationshaveacrucialroleinshapinga betterfuture.Bycultivatingresilience,promotinglearning, andbeingadaptable,wecannavigatethecomplexitiesof ourtimeandcreatemeaningful,lastingchange.Asleaders, wemustbepreparednotonlytorespondtocomplexitybut tothrivewithinit,findinginnovativewaystoaddress society’smostpressingissues.
Intoday'sfast-pacedworldofurbaninnovation,
smart city influencers arecentraltoframing discussions,drivingtake-up,andbuilding collaborationbetweenstakeholders.Withcitiesacross theglobeadoptingdigitaltransformationtoadvance sustainability,efficiency,andqualityoflife,itisvital toidentifytherightvoicesforanyoneworkingin smartcityinitiatives.Whetherpolicymaker, entrepreneur,orcityplanner,knowinghowto successfullyidentifysmartcityinfluencerscanassist youinbeingaheadofthecurve,gainingvaluable insights,andcreatingstrategicpartnerships.
Smartcitythoughtleadersarepeopleorgroups knownfortheirthoughtleadership,knowledge,and activeparticipationinthesmartcitycommunity.They actasbridgesbetweentechnology,policy,and people'sneeds,typicallyspeakingoutabouttheir expertisethroughpublicspeaking,socialmedia, blogs,andindustryconferences.Theyhavemorethan popularinfluence;theysetopinions,presentnew ideas,andinitiatechangeinrealcities.
InfluencerIdentification
Inordertoproperlyidentifysmartcityinfluencers, followtheseprinciples:
• ExpertiseandTrackRecord:Identifypeople whohaveasuccessfultrackrecordinsmartcity technologies,cityplanning,orsimilardisciplines. SmartcityinfluencerssuchasStacey HigginbothamandJennyFielding,forinstance, areknownfortheirexpertiseintheInternetof Things(IoT)andurbaninnovation.
• ReachandEngagement:Assesstheircoverage onchannelslikeTwitter,LinkedIn,andtrade
publications.Asmartcityinfluencerhasa constantinteractionwiththeiraudience, providestimelyinformation,andjoinsin relatedconversations.
• ThoughtLeadership:Smartcityinfluencers whofrequentlypostoriginalobservations, research,orcommentaryregardingsmartcity trendsareworthconsidering.Theircapacity topredictfuturedevelopmentsandprovide applicablesolutionssetsthemapartfrom merecommentators.
• NetworkandCollaboration:Themost effectivesmartcityinfluencerstendtowork withgovernments,businessleaders,and citizencommunities.Theirnetworkisa demonstrationoftheircredibilityandcapacity tomobilizedifferentstakeholders.
• RelevancetoYourContext:Makesurethe influencer'sagendamatchesyourcity's agenda-beitsustainability,dataanalytics, mobility,orcitizenengagement.
Findingsmartcityinfluencersneedsastrategic consideration:
• IndustryConferencesandEvents:Visitor observeprominentsmartcitysummits,expos, andwebinars.Influencersusuallypresentat suchevents,providinganopportunityto assesstheirexpertiseinperson.
• MonitoringSocialMedia:Utilizeplatforms suchasLinkedIn,Twitter,andindustryspecifichashtags(#SmartCity, #UrbanInnovation)tomonitoractivevoicesin thesector.Mostsmartcityinfluencershavea strongonlinepresence,publishingnews,case studies,andthoughtleadership.
• ProfessionalNetworksandPublications: Readreviewarticles,whitepapers,and reportspublishedbycredibleorganizations. Influencersoftenwritefortoppublicationsor arequotedasauthorities.
• PeerRecommendations:Consultwith partnersandcolleaguesinthesmartcity industrytolearnwhomtheyreadandrespect forinsights.
Allself-styledsmartcityinfluencersdonot providerealvalue.Becautiousof:
• LackofOriginalContent:Steerclearof otherswhosimplyresharenewswithno analysisoraddedperspective.
• OveremphasisonSelf-Promotion:Real smartcityinfluencerscentertheirefforts aroundpromotingthedomaininsteadof promotingthemselvessolely.
• LimitedEngagement:Instructorswho scarcelyengagewithaudiencesordon'tjoin industry-wideconversationsmightlack genuineinfluence.
CitiessuchasSingapore,Barcelona,and Amsterdamhavebeenaidedbythepresenceof smartcityinfluencerswhoadvocateforopen data,civicengagement,andsustainability Influencersinsuchcitiestendtoworktogether withgovernmentsandprivatecompanies, pushingtheuseofinnovativesolutionsand makingsurethattechnologyisforthegoodofthe community.
Findingeffectivesmartcityinfluencersiscritical tounderstandingthecomplicatednatureofurban innovation.Byconcentratingonexpertise, engagement,thoughtleadership,andnetwork, youcansortoutthesmartcityinfluencersfrom therest.Theseindividualsandorganizationsnot onlyeducateandinspirebutalsohelpdrivethe evolutionofcitiestobecomesmarterandmore sustainabletolivein.Asthepaceofthesmart citymovementspeedsup,keepingintouchwith thecorrectinfluencerswillenableyoutoplay yourpartinshapingthefutureofurbanlife.
Introduction
ntoday’sfast-evolvingdigitallandscape,businesses
areturningtoartificialintelligence(AI)totransform theirITinfrastructures.AI-poweredsystemsoffer unmatchedscalability,efficiency,andagility—empowering organizationstorespondtodynamicmarketneedsand remaincompetitive.Astheconversationaround“AI adoption”intensifies,CIOsfaceincreasingpressureto weaveAIintoeveryfacetofIT,creatingarchitecturesthat haveAIastheirfoundationalelement.
Let’sexploretheessentialcomponentsandstrategic approachesthatcandrivevaluethroughAI-enabledIT architectures.
AnITframeworkcenteredonAIrequirestheright organizationofdatasystemsandinfrastructuretosupport machinelearning,modeldevelopment,andseamless integrationintobusinessprocesses.Twocritical pillars—dataandinfrastructure—formtheheartofthis architecture.Forsuccessfulimplementation,companies needaclear,forward-thinkingITstrategythatcoversthese pillarsalongwithessentialsupportsystemslikesecurity, compliance,andintegrationmechanisms.
TobuildanAI-focusedITecosystem,organizationsmust aligntheirITstrategieswithbusinessgoals,ensuringthat thearchitecturedeliverstangibleoutcomes.Keystrategic considerationsinclude:
Acloud-firststrategyempowersenterprisestobenefitfrom theflexibilityandscalabilityofplatformslikeAWS, MicrosoftAzure,andGoogleCloud.Theseplatformsoffer robustAIandmachinelearningcapabilities,elastic computepower,andcustomizabledatastorage solutions—providingareliablebaseforAIintegration acrossITfunctions.
ModernAIworkloadsdemandhigh-performance computingresources.Leveragingcloudservices,GPUs, TPUs,andedgecomputingtechnologiesensuressufficient processingpowerforintensiveAItasks.Edgecomputing, inparticular,facilitatesreal-timedataprocessingcloseto thesource,enhancingspeedandreducinglatency—ideal forIoTandautonomoussystems.
Inessence,adoptingacloud-firstmodelsetsthestagefor evolvingintoanAI-firstenterprise.
Microservicesarchitecturedecomposescomplex applicationsintomodular,independentlydeployable services.Thissetupenhancesflexibility,promotesrapid developmentcycles,andsimplifiestheintegrationofAI functionalities.Byallowingeachcomponenttoevolveon itsown,microservicesfostercontinuousinnovationand responsivenesstobusinessneeds.
3.ContainerizationandOrchestration
ContainerizationallowsorganizationstopackageAI applicationswithalldependencies,ensuringconsistency
acrossvariousenvironments.TechnologieslikeDockerand Kubernetesfacilitatethedeployment,scaling,andorchestrationofthesecontainers,enablingresilientandhighly scalableAIsystems.Thesetoolssupportsmooth interoperabilitythroughAPIsandservice meshes—ensuringallcomponentscommunicateefficiently withintheAIarchitecture.
SecuringAI-drivenenvironmentscallsforrigorous protocolsandcomplianceframeworks.Thisincludes implementingencryption,real-timethreatmonitoring,and adherencetoregulationslikeGDPR.AI-basedsecurity toolscanaugmenttraditionalmeasures,providing automatedauditing,threatdetection,andenforcement mechanisms.Integratingthesepracticesintozero-trust securitymodelsensuresrobustprotectionforboth foundationalandcustomizedAImodels—especiallywhen managedviacloudservices.
MachinelearningmodelsareatthecoreofAIsystems, poweringdecision-makingandpredictivecapabilities. Organizationsmustinvestincontinuoustraining, monitoring,andfine-tuningtomaintainmodelrelevance andperformance.Techniquessuchashyperparameter optimizationandmodelretrainingarecrucialtothis process.
Whenselectingbetweenpre-trainedfoundationmodelsand customizedsolutions,businessesshouldweighthetradeoffs.Whilecustommodelscanoffertailoredoutcomes, theirdevelopmentandmaintenancecanbe costly—potentiallyoffsettingthebenefits.
EffectivedatamanagementunderpinssuccessfulAI deployments.Organizationsmustleveragesolutionslike datalakes,warehouses,andlakehousestostore,process, andanalyzelargevolumesofdata.
- Data Lakesprovidescalablestorageforraw,unstructured, andstructureddataatalowcost.
- DataWarehousesofferrefined,consolidateddatareadyfor analyticalprocessing.
-Lakehousescombinethebestofbothworlds—supporting diverseworkloadswithoptimizedperformance.
Regardlessofthesystem,ensuringhighdataquality, consistency,andaccessibilityiskeytoachievingreliableAI outcomes.
EstablishingscalableITarchitectureswithAIatthecore involvesmorethanjustadoptingnewtechnologies—it demandsastrategic,integratedapproach.Byfocusingon foundationalelementssuchascomputepower,data systems,AImodelmanagement,andmodulararchitecture, businessescanbuildsystemsthatarenotonlyscalablebut alsofuture-ready.
Leveragingcloud-nativeprinciples,containerized deployments,microservices,andedgecomputingenhances adaptabilityandspeed.Withastrongfocusonsecurity, compliance,andcontinuousoptimization,organizationscan unlockAI’sfullpotential—drivinginnovationand sustainingcompetitiveadvantageinanincreasinglydigital world.
Inanerawheretechnologyadvancesatanunprecedentedpace,fewleadersmatchthevision,
depth, and executional excellence that define Sandeep Singla. With a distinguished career spanning over 25 years, Sandeep has become a pioneering force in IT architecture, digital transformation,andinnovationleadership.
Currently serving as CTO for StrategicAccounts and leading EnterpriseArchitecture for Hybrid Cloud Infrastructure at HCLTech Germany, Sandeep drives some of the most transformative technologyinitiativesacrossindustries.Hisapproachseamlesslyblendsstrategicbusinessinsight with advanced technical expertise whether architecting future-ready cloud solutions, establishing robust IT governance frameworks, or spearheading large-scale digital workplace transformations.
Sandeep’s career is built on a steadfast commitment to aligning technology with business imperatives.Underhisleadership,organizationshaveacceleratedtheirdigitaljourneys,realizing faster time-to-market, fortified cybersecurity, and superior customer experiences. His portfolio featureslandmarkachievementssuchasorchestratingenterprise-scalecloudmigrations,designing resilient,mission-criticalinfrastructures,andcultivatinginnovationprogramsthathavedelivered measurablebusinessvalue.
Beyondhistechnicalaccomplishments,Sandeepisapassionateadvocateforcontinuouslearning and thought leadership. He has enhanced his expertise through executive education at The University of Chicago Booth School of Business, INSEAD, and Harvard Business Publishing. Recognized with honors like the Unisys Gold Recognition Award, he has consistently demonstratedexcellenceindrivinginnovationanddeliveringclientsuccess.
HoldingaChiefArchitectbadgefromtheChiefArchitectForum-IASAGlobalandaspecialization in Generative AI, Sandeep exemplifies global leadership—fostering collaboration, nurturing talent, and inspiring organizations to reimagine what’s possible. As businesses navigate the complexities of the digital age, visionaries like Sandeep Singla are setting the course toward a smarter,moreconnected,andresilientfuture.
“A city is more than a place in space, it is a drama in time.”