Insight ::: 02.19.2024

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Insight News • February 12, 2024 - February 18, 2024 • Page 1

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February 19, 2024 - February 25, 2024

Vol. 51 No. 8• The Journal For Community News, Business & The Arts • insightnews.com

TA-COUMBA IN DULUTH Duluth Art Institute Art bus spotted! Have you seen this Ta-coumba Tyrone Aiken artwork driving around recently?

See the painting itself in The Way I See, on view through April 8, and stop in for the reception & book launch event February 29!

Thanks to the Duluth Superior Area Community Foundation Unity Fund for making this project possible!

Images from Duluth Art Institute Facebook/

STORY ON PAGE

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Page 2 • February 19, 2024 - February 25, 2024 • Insight News

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Insight News • February 19, 2024 - February 25, 2024 • Page 3

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February 19, 2024 - February 25, 2024

Vol. 51 No. 8• The Journal For Community News, Business & The Arts • insightnews.com

Law enforcement in schools dominates 1st day of the Minnesota Legislature’s 2024 session

Ta-coumba T. Aiken | The Way I See Morrison Gallery | Through April 8 Ta-coumba T. Aiken’s prismatic paintings begin in black and white—because that is how he sees. He starts with a black stroke that contrasts against the white canvas.

Then, in a process Aiken calls spirit writing, he repeats the freeform dark lines to fill the canvas and build abstract shapes. He adds color— dioxazine violet, cadmium yellow, light magenta—reading their names from tubes, jars, and bottles to augment his skewed vision of color. Aiken embraces his color-blindness and experiments with further altering his view while painting, alternating between wearing and removing his glasses.

A story unfolds as Aiken decides what lines to keep or cover. The technique mirrors what his parents taught him about belongings. His mother, a housecleaner in upperclass Evanston, Illinois, and his father, a garbage man, observed the objects their customers chose to keep or discard. They studied people, understanding them based on what they held onto or threw away.

Aiken’s rhythmic

By Steve Karnowski and Trisha Ahmed Associated Press

patterns are created in a similar manner of exploration.

He stretches tape across the canvas, masking the surface before applying paint.

Intuitively, he adds new layers of colors that fill in gaps and conceal prior coats. Aiken peels back the tape, adds new layers of color, and repeats.

Often, viewers are drawn in by a detail, then their eyes take them on a journey.

Following a line throughout the canvas, one discovers another story, and then another. “It’s like life,” Aiken explains, “I paint a new story, remove tape to reveal an old story, and there they are side by side, connected. It’s the way I see, we’re all connected.

Now, tell me what you see.”

Ta–coumba T. Aiken lives and works from his studio home in St. Paul, Minnesota where he is an artist, educator, and community activist. Aiken was appointed as a Guggenheim Fellow in 2022 and his artwork can be seen in public spaces throughout the world, including St. Paul’s Union Depot, Walker Art Center, McKnight Foundation, Bush Foundation, and The Spritmuseum’s Absolut Vodka collection in Stockholm, Sweden.

The Minnesota Legislature convened Monday with lawmakers fast-tracking legislation to fix a law enacted last year that limits the powers of police who work in schools to restrain disruptive students.

The change was one of several restrictions on the use of force passed in the state since the murder of George Floyd by a Minneapolis officer in 2020 put the state in the international spotlight over racism and policing.

Several law enforcement agencies withdrew their officers from Minnesota schools last fall, calling the new rules unworkable.

The House and Senate gaveled to order around noon Monday for a 14week session with a relatively modest agenda. They’ll take something of a breather after a momentous 2023 session that saw Democrats use their newfound full control of the statehouse to enact practically everything on their ambitious wish list. That included expanded abortion

AP Photo/Trisha Ahmed

Minnesota Democratic Gov. Tim Walz serves an apple bar with caramel glaze to Rep. Ethan Cha, of Woodbury, and other state lawmakers in the state capitol building in St. Paul, Minnesota, on Feb. 12, 2024, the first day of Minnesota’s legislative session for the year. Walz has a tradition of serving bars to state lawmakers each year on the first day of the legislative session in a gesture of camaraderie and bipartisanship.

and transgender rights, paid family and medical leave, universal free school lunches, child care credits and other aid for families. The main task this year is a public infrastructure borrowing package known as a bonding bill. The session must end by May 20.

The House scheduled the first of at least three hearings on a potential solution for

WALZ 5

Ta-coumba T. Aiken

“Conversations With the Future,” acrylic on canvas, 2023, 48”x24”

House reconvenes for 2024 session Rekindles partisan debate on hot-button issues

By Tim Walker On the first day of the 2024 legislative session Monday, the House took care of routine business, including introducing 246 new bills and welcoming a new member.

And then it was déjà vu as the partisanship of last year’s session reemerged when two hot-button issues were brought up for debate.

House Minority Leader Lisa Demuth (R-Cold Spring) moved to reject the committee report on HF1930, which would allow people to request medical aid in dying under certain circumstances.

That would have returned the bill to the House Health Finance and Policy Committee rather than allowing it to move to its next committee stop.

“This irresponsible one-party majority has done enough damage already. Let’s reject this committee report and instead start focusing on the real issues at hand for Minnesotans,” Demuth said.

Rep. Tina Liebling (DFL-Rochester), chair of the health committee that approved the bill Jan. 25, said Minnesotans want to have a debate on this topic and the committee process is the right place to do it.

“For maybe four or five hours we allowed people to testify, we took testimony from about 70 or 80 people,” Liebling said.

In the end, the House voted to adopt the committee report on a 7061 party-line vote, which moves the bill to the House Public Safety Finance

Photo Jeffrey Beall / Wikimedia Commons

Patrick Mahomes, quarterback with the Kansas City Chiefs.

Mahomes’ magical comeback: Chiefs triumph in Super Bowl OT thriller after Usher’s starstudded halftime show

By Stacy M. Brown NNPA Newswire Senior National Correspondent @StacyBrownMedia

Photo by Michele Jokinen

Minnesota lawmakers returned Monday to the State Capitol, pictured in January, for the start of the 2024 legislative session. and

Policy Committee.

Demuth also made a motion to suspend the rules to bring HF3489 to the floor. The bill would regulate how school resource officers use force on students.

Many Minnesota law enforcement agencies expressed confusion by language in a 2023 law that resulted in more than 40 pulling their officers from participating school districts.

“Republicans are ready today to bring this bill forward, amend it to make sure we address all the issues raised by law enforcement and pass it,” she said.

Demuth argued that changes to the bill’s language in the form of a Republican amendment are needed now and said the bill can’t wait.

Rep. Cedrick Frazier (DFL-New Hope), who sponsors HF3489, agreed the legislation needs fixing, but said moving it through the committee process is the best way forward. That would allow all stakeholders to be heard, he said, especially the students the legislation would affect.

The motion failed 69-62.

Changes Rep. Bianca Virnig (DFL-Eagan), a former school board member, won a District 52B special election on Dec. 5 to replace former Rep. Ruth Richardson, who resigned Sept. 1, 2023.

But the House is still one member short as the 2024 session begins. Former Rep. Kurt Daudt (R-Crown), the onetime House speaker who

announced his resignation Jan. 10, was absent Monday, as his resignation became effective Sunday. A special election has yet to be called for the District 27B seat.

Until that seat is filled, the House will have 133 voting members, and the DFL will have a 70-63 majority.

DFL, Republican priorities Leaders of both parties met with the media after adjournment, outlining their goals for the session.

House Speaker Melissa Hortman (DFLBrooklyn Park) spoke about her desire for bipartisanship in the months to come.

“Even though we’re not in divided government right now, you know I believe

Afrodescendientes

Remembering two great African Intellectuals: Patrice Lumumba and Amilcar Cabral

PAGE 6

PARTISAN 5

Maybe it was Usher’s starstudded halftime show that inspired the Kansas City Chiefs and their superstar quarterback Pat Mahomes in the second half to win their third Super Bowl in four years with a thrilling 25-22 OT victory over the San Francisco 49ers in Las Vegas. Or, perhaps, it was just inevitable that Mahomes, a Black quarterback was inspired by the pregame singing of “Lift Every Voice,” and the bold “End Racism” sign painted at each end zone. Or could it have been a combination of all of the above along with the specter of playing a 49ers team where Colin Kaepernick took a stand for Black Lives Matter that cost him a football career?

Whatever it was, Patrick Mahomes again proved why he’s worth every penny of his mega $500 millionplus contract and why, on the football field at least, he overshadows all the Travis Kelce-Taylor Swift nonsense.

Mahomes helped Kansas City overcome a stifling 49ers defense and San Francisco’s potent offense after being stifled in the first half. The Chiefs trailed 10-3 at the half, and it appeared they couldn’t figure out how to break through the 49er’s defense, while the Chiefs’ own defense had all kinds of trouble limiting Brock Purdy and his offense.

While they gathered in the locker room after two quarters, Usher took center stage and not only whipped out all of his classic hits but brought out several A-list superstars to punctuate the Apple Music Halftime Show. With Alicia Keys joining in with her hit, “If I Ain’t Got You,” and the collab “My Boo,” chart-topper H.E.R. rocked the Allegiance Stadium crowd with a blistering solo on “U Got It Bad.” Will.i.am then joined Usher on “OMG,” and Jermaine Dupri, Lil Jon, and Ludacris helped close Usher’s set with “Yeah.”

The Chiefs got the ball to start the second half, but they didn’t solve the 49ers. At least not at the start. However,

MAHOMES

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Page 4 • February 19, 2024 - February 25, 2024 • Insight News

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Business Saving the news media means moving beyond the benevolence of billionaires

By Rodney Benson Professor of Media, Culture and Communication, New York University and Victor Pickard C. Edwin Baker Professor of Media Policy and Political Economy, University of Pennsylvania For the journalism industry, 2024 is off to a brutal start.

Most spectacularly, the Los Angeles Times recently slashed more than 20% of its newsroom.

Though trouble had long been brewing, the layoffs were particularly disheartening because many employees and readers hoped the Times’ billionaire owner, Patrick Soon-Shiong, would stay the course in good times and bad – that he would be a steward less interested in turning a profit and more concerned with ensuring the storied publication could serve the public.

According to the LA Times, Soon-Shiong explained that the cuts were necessary because the paper “could no longer lose $30 million to $40 million a year.”

As one X user pointed out, Soon-Shiong could weather US$40 million in annual losses for decades and still remain a billionaire.

You could say the same of another billionaire owner, The Washington Post’s Jeff Bezos, who eliminated hundreds of jobs in 2023 after making a long stretch of steady investments.

Of course, it helps if your owner has deep pockets and is satisfied with breaking even or earning modest profits – a far cry from the slashand-burn, profit-harvesting of the two largest newspaper owners: the hedge fund Alden Global Capital and the publicly traded Gannett.

Yet, as we’ve previously argued, relying on the benevolence of billionaire owners isn’t a viable long-term solution to journalism’s crises.

In what we call the “oligarchy media model,” it often creates distinct hazards for democracy.

The recent layoffs simply reinforce these concerns.

Systemic market failure

This carnage is part of a longer story: Ongoing research on news deserts shows that the U.S. has lost almost one-third of its newspapers and nearly two-thirds of its newspaper journalists since 2005.

It’s become clear that this downturn isn’t temporary.

Rather, it’s a systemic market failure with no signs of reversal.

As print advertising continues to decline, Meta’s and Google’s dominance over digital advertising has deprived news publishers of a major online revenue source.

The advertising-based news business model has collapsed and, to the extent it ever did, won’t adequately support the public service journalism that democracy requires.

What about digital subscriptions as a revenue source?

For years, paywalls have been hailed as an alternative to advertising. While some news organizations have recently stopped requiring subscriptions or have created a tiered pricing system, how has this approach fared overall?

Well, it’s been a fantastic financial success for The New York Times and, actually, almost no one else – while denying millions of citizens access to essential news.

The paywall model has also worked reasonably well for The Wall Street Journal, with its assured audience of business professionals, though its management still felt compelled to make deep cuts in its Washington, D.C., bureau on Feb. 1, 2024. And at The Washington Post, even 2.5 million digital subscriptions haven’t been enough for the publication to break even.

To be fair, the billionaire owners of The Boston Globe and the Minneapolis Star Tribune have sown fertile ground; the papers seem to be turning modest profits, and there isn’t any news of looming layoffs.

But they’re outliers; in the end, billionaire owners can’t change these inhospitable market dynamics. Plus, because they made their money in other industries, the owners often create conflicts of interest that their news outlets’ journalists must continually navigate with care.

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Billionaire media owners can’t change inhospitable market dynamics.

The way forward While the market dynamics for news media are only getting worse, the civic need for quality, accessible public service journalism is greater than ever.

When quality journalism disappears, it intensifies a host of problems – from rising corruption to decreasing civic engagement to greater polarization – that threaten the vitality of U.S. democracy.

That’s why we believe it’s urgently important to grow the number of outlets capable of independently resisting destructive market forces.

Billionaire owners willing to release their media properties could help facilitate this process.

Some of them already have.

In 2016, the billionaire Gerry Lenfest donated his sole ownership of The Philadelphia Inquirer along with a $20 million endowment to an eponymously named nonprofit institute, with bylaws preventing profit pressures from taking precedence over its civic mission. Its nonprofit ownership model has enabled the Inquirer to invest in news at a time when so many others have cut to the bone.

In 2019, wealthy businessman Paul Huntsman ceded his ownership of The Salt Lake Tribune to a 501(c) (3) nonprofit, easing its tax burden and setting it up to receive philanthropic funding.

After continuing as board chairman, in early February he announced that he was permanently stepping down.

And in September 2023, the French newspaper Le Monde’s billionaire shareholders, led by tech entrepreneur Xavier Niel, officially confirmed a plan to move their capital into an endowment fund that’s effectively controlled by journalists and other employees of the Le Monde Group.

On a smaller and far more precarious scale, U.S. journalists have founded hundreds of small nonprofits across the country over the past decade to provide crucial public affairs coverage. However, most struggle mightily to generate enough revenues to even pay themselves and a few reporters a living wage.

Donors can still play a role The crucial next step is to ensure these civic, mission-driven forms of ownership have the necessary funding to survive and thrive.

One part of this approach can be philanthropic funding.

A 2023 Media Impact Funders report pointed out that foundation funders once primarily focused on providing a bridge to an everelusive new business model.

The thinking went that they could provide seed money until the operation was up and running and then redirect their investments elsewhere.

However, journalists are increasingly calling for long-term sustaining support as the extent of market failure has become clear. In a promising development, the Press Forward initiative recently pledged

$500 million over five years for local journalism, including for-profit as well as nonprofit and public newsrooms.

Charitable giving can also make news more accessible. If donations pay the bills – as they do at The Guardian – paywalls, which limit content to subscribers who are disproportionately wealthy and white, may become unnecessary.

The limits of private capital Still, philanthropic support for journalism falls far short of what’s needed.

Total revenues for newspapers have fallen from a historic high of $49.4 billion in 2005 to $9.8 billion in 2022.

Philanthropy could help fill a portion of this deficit but, even with the recent increase in donations, nowhere near all of it. Nor, in our view, should it. Too often, donations come with conditions and potential conflicts of interest.

The same 2023 Media Impact Funders survey found that 57% of U.S. foundation funders of news organizations offered grants for reporting on issues for which they had policy stances.

In the end, philanthropy can’t completely escape oligarchic influence.

Public funds for local journalism A strong, accessible media system that serves the public interest will ultimately require significant public funding.

Along with libraries, schools and research

universities, journalism is an essential part of a democracy’s critical information infrastructure. Democracies in western and northern Europe earmark taxes or dedicated fees not only for legacy TV and radio but also for newspapers and digital media – and they make sure there’s always an arm’s-length relationship between the government and the news outlets so that their journalistic independence is assured. It’s worth noting that U.S. investment in public media is a smaller percentage of GDP than in virtually any other major democracy in the world.

State-level experiments in places such as New Jersey, Washington, D.C., California and Wisconsin suggest that public funding for newspapers and online-only outlets can also work in the U.S. Under these plans, news outlets prioritizing local journalism receive various kinds of public subsidies and grants.

The time has come to dramatically scale up these projects, from millions of dollars to billions, whether through “media vouchers” that allow voters to allocate funds or other ambitious proposals for creating tens of thousands of new journalism jobs across the country.

Is it worth it?

In our view, a crisis that imperils American democracy demands no less than a bold and comprehensive civic response.

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license.

DFL legislators introduce bill to clarify, enhance School Resource Officer law

Rep. Cedrick Frazier (DFL - New Hope)

Sen. Bonnie Westlin (DFL - Plymouth)

Rep. Kelly Moller (DFL - Shoreview)

DFLers in the Minnesota House and Senate announced comprehensive legislation to provide a uniform system across the state for districts that decide to have a School Resource Officer (SRO) program. The bill will provide the clarity law enforcement agencies and school districts sought last fall regarding the use-of-force standard.

“Safe schools are the foundation for a welleducated society,” said Rep. Cedrick Frazier (DFL - New Hope), lead author of the bill in the House. “This bill brings together educators, law enforcement, and advocates to strike a balance between safety and rights, ensuring every child has access to a worldclass education in a secure and supportive environment.”

“We crafted this legislation to build on the

important work we did in the 2023 session,” said Sen. Bonnie Westlin (DFL - Plymouth), lead author of the bill in the Senate.

“With the Attorney General’s expertise and guidance from numerous stakeholders, we’ve created a bill that will codify a comprehensive understanding of the role that school resource officers play in supporting our kids as they learn.”

Following the murder of George Floyd — highlighting for the world the dangers of face-down prone restraints — the use of chokeholds was banned for law enforcement. In 2023, the Legislature updated guidelines for the use of force in schools, working to ensure school discipline practices reflect our shared commitment to ensuring schools are safe, healthy, nurturing environments. Despite clear legal guidance the Minnesota

Attorney General issued on this matter, lawmakers continued to listen to law enforcement and school districts and went to work on crafting solutions to address their concerns.

The bill clarifies the law regarding the use of force in schools and retains the limitation on the use of chokeholds that applies to all peace officers in Minnesota Statute 609.06. It creates a statutory definition for School Resource Officers and requires a statewide standard of the basic training required for SROs. To minimize harmful, disparate engagements between SROs and students, the legislation also expressly prohibits SROs from being used to deliver discipline for violation of school policies.

Significantly, the bill creates a Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST) Board model policy, codifying

minimum standards that must exist if districts choose to contract with SROs. The policy will have minimum standards for proper use of force, response tactics to minimize the use of prone restraints and other physical holds, the duty to render care, alternative procedures to de-escalate conflict, and considerations to build constructive police relationships with students, administrators, and educational staff. The bill requires the POST Board to develop the model policy with impacted Minnesotans including law enforcement, education experts, local units of government, community advocates, and organizations representing youth.

“We spent the past several months incorporating stakeholder feedback to craft a bill that provides clarity to law enforcement while guaranteeing the safety of our students,” said Rep. Kelly Moller (DFL Shoreview), chair of the House Public Safety Committee. “I look forward to continued work on the legislation and conversations with our law enforcement partners and other stakeholders.”

The bill is scheduled to receive a public hearing in the House Education Policy Committee on Monday, February 12 at 4 p.m. More information is available on the committee webpage.

insightnews.com

Walz From 3 the school resource officers dispute for Monday evening, with a floor vote possible as early as next week. It would try to bring clarity by developing a statewide standard for school resource officer training and develop a model policy for school districts on the proper use of force that would include minimizing the use of prone restraints and other holds that can impair breathing, while promoting conflict de-escalation.

The bill also removes a requirement from last year’s law that a threat of bodily injury or death be “imminent” before a teacher or principal could use “reasonable force” on a student to prevent injury

Partisan From 3 in the maxim that after the election you take off your red jerseys and your blue jerseys and you put on your Minnesota jersey … and you do the work of the people of Minnesota,” she said.

She also spoke on Monday’s parliamentary maneuvering on the school resource officer legislation, the 2023 law and this session’s HF3489

Mahomes From 3 the Chief’s defense figured out Purdy, and the trick plays punctuating San Francisco’s first-half dominance, and Mahomes worked his magic.

After yielding an overtime field

Insight News • February 19, 2024 - February 25, 2024 • Page 5 or death to a student or others.

The Democraticcontrolled House voted down a procedural attempt by the Republican minority to bring the issue to the floor immediately.

“Democrats have delayed fixing this long enough, leaving our students and school staff less safe. We cannot wait one more minute,” GOP House Minority Leader Lisa Demuth, of Cold Spring, said during the debate.

The lead sponsor in the House, Democratic Rep. Cedrick Frazier, of New Hope, countered that it was more important to put the bill through the public hearing process first so that all stakeholders can weigh in.

Democratic Gov. Tim Walz, a former high school teacher, told reporters that his goal is to reach a compromise that makes sure that school

resource officers and teachers have a clear understanding of what they can do in situations where students need to be restrained, so that all sides can be confident going forward.

A Senate committee is expected to take its first look at the legislation Wednesday.

Democratic Majority Leader Erin Murphy, of St. Paul, said she expects the bill to reach the Senate floor in the next two or three weeks.

Advocates for people with disabilities and mental illness expressed concerns about the possible lessening of protections for vulnerable students, while law enforcement groups called for modifications to shield police departments more explicitly from civil liability.

Before lawmakers convened, Democratic Sen. Mary Kunesh, of New Brighton, led chants of

“E-R-A! E-R-A!” as hundreds of people holding green signs rallied in the Capitol rotunda for a top Democratic priority for the session, an Equal Rights Amendment to the Minnesota Constitution.

The amendment would ban gender discrimination and add permanent constitutional protections for abortion rights, as well as for gender identity and expression. The 2023 session removed nearly all restrictions on abortion from Minnesota law. Supporters want to ensure that no future session could restore them.

The amendment would go on the 2026 ballot so that supporters have more time to campaign for it.

Republican Senate Minority Leader Mark Johnson, of East Grand Forks, accused Democrats of “playing political games”

with DFL-sponsored fixes.

“Both these bills were debated in committee several times and then on the House Floor,” she said.

“So these didn’t come from nowhere. But we will send them through the process again and we will clarify so that everybody has the clarity that they need.”

Demuth said fixing the school resource officer issue is a top Republican priority, but a long-standing concern is also no new spending.

The budget passed

last year, which drew down the state surplus and made changes to some taxes and fees, is not sustainable, she said.

“What we need to do is make sure Minnesotans’ lives are affordable,” Demuth said.

The Legislature historically has taken up infrastructure bonding bills in even numbered years, and but legislation that authorizes state borrowing requires a supermajority of 60% in both bodies to pass.

At the moment, the Republican caucus does not have a position without seeing what such a bill would contain, Demuth said.

“It would require solid projects with statewide impact before we would even consider having a caucus position on it,” she said, citing roads, bridges and infrastructure.

The Legislature must complete its work by May 20.

Session Daily writers Margaret Stevens and Miranda Bryant contributed to this story.

goal to the 49ers, the Chiefs had to at least match that to keep the game going under the new NFL OT rules that allow both teams to have the ball on offense. A pivotal 4th down conversion helped propel the Chiefs before Mahomes threw a 3-yard touchdown pass to Mecole Hardman, and Kansas City became the NFL’s ninth repeat

Super Bowl champs. “With all the adversity we’ve been through this season to come through tonight. … I’m proud of the guys,” said Mahomes, who earned his third Super Bowl MVP award. “This is awesome.

Legendary.” The 28-year-old Mahomes becomes the fourth starting quarterback to win three Super Bowls — joining

Brady, Joe Montana, Terry Bradshaw, and Troy Aikman — and second youngest.

“I am going to celebrate tonight, celebrate at the parade, and then work my way to get back in this game next year,” Mahomes said. “I am going to do whatever I can to be back in this game next year. Three-peat.”

Bonding

by waiting two years instead of letting voters decide in November. He said the amendment contains “extreme language” on abortion and other social issues.

Supporters of making Minnesota a “sanctuary state” for immigrants without permanent legal status rallied outside the Capitol in support of a bill that would bar state and local governments from sharing data or collaborating with federal authorities on civil immigration enforcement. The narrow Democratic majorities in the House and Senate

are divided on the issue, and House Speaker Melissa Hortman, of Brooklyn Park, told reporters she didn’t think there are enough votes to pass it.

Trisha Ahmed is a corps member for the Associated Press/Report for America Statehouse News Initiative.

Report for America is a nonprofit national service program that places journalists in local newsrooms to report on under-covered issues. Follow her on X, formerly Twitter: @ TrishaAhmed15

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Patrice Lumumba

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Amilcar Cabral

Recrodando dos grandes intelectuales Africanos: Patricio Lumumba y Amilcar Cabral Por Jesus Chucho Garcia Afrodescendientes

Spanish Text

El mes de enero fue testigo de dos asesinatos en la historia de la lucha de los pueblos africanos por conquistar su libertad con dignidad. El antiguo Zaire, controlado por Bélgica y Guinea Bissao colonizado por los Portugueses, fueron los espacios territoriales que vieron nacer a Patricio Lumumba (1925-1961) y a Amilcar Cabral (1924-73) .

Patricio Lumumba fue asesinado el 17 de enero de 1961 y Amilcar Cabral 20 de enero de 1973.

Ambos líderes anticolonialista se opusieron con audacia, inteligencia, constancia y una sostenida posición ideológica, sustentada con mucha transparencia y ejemplo de consistencia en la lucha por la igualdad de sus pueblos.

Patricio Lumumba, logró

oponerse al imperialismo del Rey Leopoldo II de Bélgica quien al despegar la Conferencia de Berlín de 1885, había convertido a Zaire (hoy República Democrática del Congo), en una gran paila del LQ¿HUQR SDUD H[WUDHU D FRVWD GH asesinatos las riquezas minerales y forestales de ese territorio.

Antes de Patricio Lumumba, el líder religioso Simón Kimbangu, había intentado, a través de un movimiento espiritual llamado Kimbanguismo, oponerse a la H[SORWDFLyQ EHVWLDO GH ORV EHOJDV pero fracasó en el intento y murió en la cárcel de Lubumbashi (Republica Democrática del Congo) el 12 de octubre de 1951.

Patricio Lumumba, a través de un complejo proceso histórico intelectual, militante y en el marco de una apertura democracia tutelada por los belgas, logró la magistratura de primer ministro y en su discurso de instalación frente a los poderes

imperialistas encabezados por el Rey Bélgica, y altos representantes gubernamentales de Francia y Estados Unidos, H[SUHVy FRQ LUUHYHUHQFLD HVH de junio de 1960 que: Ningún congoleño digno de llamarse así olvidará jamás que la independencia se ganó luchando […]. No podríamos estar más orgullosos de esta lucha de sangre, fuego y lágrimas, porque ha sido una pugna justa y noble¨.

Los mundeles (blancos colonialistas), estaban incomodos SRU OD ¿UPH]D FRQ TXH /XPXPED H[SUHVDED SDODEUDV SRU SDODEUD los retos del pueblo congoles contra el colonialismo de los Belgas. La gota discursiva de Lumumba que enfureció a los %HOJDV IXH FXDQGR H[SUHVy TXH «El Congo se convertirá en un trampolín para la liberación de todo el continente africano».

A partir de allí la CIA y la policía secreta de los belgas

harían varios intentos de asesinar a Lumumba, hasta lograr, con aliados internos como el coronel Mobuto Seseseko, darle el golpe ¿QDO HO GH HQHUR GH VH lo apresó, golpeó, se le cortó las manos y se lo quemó, cuando apenas tenía cinco meses como primer ministro y cincuenta y cinco años de edad. En un GRFXPHQWR GHVFODVL¿FDGR OD CIA reconoce que sí participo en ese asesinato, luego el Che ante la Conferencia de Naciones Unidas ofreció vengarlo y es ahí cuando el Che se va al Congo y forma la guerrilla bajo el pensamiento anti colonial de Patricio Lumumba.

La Irreverncia de Amilcar Cabral “Hay que escuchar a la gente, aprender de la gente. No escondan nada ante el pueblo.

No digan mentiras: denúncienlas.

No pongan máscaras a las GL¿FXOWDGHV ORV HUURUHV ODV caídas. No canten fáciles

victorias”.

Un día 20 de enero de 1973, en horas de la noche, cae asesinado en Conakri, Guinea, a la edad de cuarenta y ocho años, unos de los líderes africanos que poseía un pensamiento denso dentro las elaboraciones teóricas contemporáneas contra el colonialismo y la liberación de África y los pueblos esperanzados del mundo. Se trataba del agrónomo revolucionario Amilcar Cabral, quien fue el liberador de dos países africanos: Guinea Bissau y Cabo Verde, repercusión LQGHSHQGHQWLVWD TXH VH H[WHQGLy a la Isla de Santo Tome y Príncipe. Autocritico, Cabral, nunca rehuyó los diferentes frentes de batallas como la guerra de guerrillas, la diplomacia, la formación ideológica y la incesante producción intelectual FRPR UHVXOWDGR GH VX SUD[LV permanente. Pablo George, H[PLQLVWUR GH UHODFLRQHV

H[WHULRUHV GH $QJROD D TXLHQ tuve oportunidad de conocer HQ $QJROD PH H[SUHVy TXH OD sencillez de Amilcar y su estatura LQWHOHFWXDO OR FRQ¿JXUDED FRPR el prototipo del nuevo hombre africano. Amilcar fue uno de los pioneros de la lucha continental africana contra el colonialista dejando una profunda huella para las generaciones posteriores.

Tanto su pensamiento antimperialista, su anticolonialismo interno y su honestidad revolucionaria H[SUHVDQ VHQVLEOHPHQWH TXH VX ejemplo sigue teniendo vigencia en estos momentos cruciales para el mundo donde se hace urgente reinventar las nuevas prácticas de hacer revolución.

El mes de enero, de cada año, es triste recordar a Patricio Lumumba, Amilcar Cabral y a Martin Luther King, tres brillantes pensadores de Africa y la diaspora africana por la paz y la dignidad de la humanidad.

Remembering two great African Intellectuals: Patrice Lumumba and Amilcar Cabral Special for Insight News

By Jesus Chucho Garcia Translated from Spanish

by Yoji Senna

The month of January witnessed two murders in the history of the struggle of African peoples to conquer their freedom with dignity. The old Zaire, controlled

by Belgium and Guinea Bissau colonized by the Portuguese, were the territorial spaces that saw the birth of Patricio Lumumba (1925-1961) and Amilcar Cabral (1924-73). Patricio Lumumba was assassinated on January 17, 1961, and Amilcar Cabral on January 20, 1973.

Both anti-colonialist

leaders opposed each other with audacity, intelligence, perseverance, and a sustained ideological position, supported by a lot of transparency and an H[DPSOH RI FRQVLVWHQF\ LQ WKH ¿JKW IRU WKH HTXDOLW\ RI WKHLU people.

Patricio Lumumba managed to oppose the imperialism of King Leopold II of Belgium who, at the takeR൵ RI WKH %HUOLQ &RQIHUHQFH RI 1885, had turned Zaire (today the Democratic Republic of the Congo), into a great frying hell WR H[WUDFW WKH PLQHUDO DQG IRUHVW riches of that territory at the cost of murder. Before Patricio Lumumba, the religious leader Simon Kimbangu had tried, through a spiritual movement called Kimbanguism, to oppose WKH EHVWLDO H[SORLWDWLRQ RI the Belgians, but he failed in the attempt and died in the Lubumbashi prison (Democratic Republic of the Congo) on October 12, 1951.

Patricio Lumumba, WKURXJK D FRPSOH[ LQWHOOHFWXDO militant historical process and within the framework of an opening democracy protected by the Belgians, achieved the judiciary of prime minister and in his installation speech in front of the imperialist powers led by King Belgium, and high government representatives of France and the United States, H[SUHVVHG ZLWK LUUHYHUHQFH RQ June 30, 1960 that: ¨No Congolese worthy of being called that will ever forget that independence was won by ¿JKWLQJ > @ :H FRXOGQ¶W EH PRUH SURXG RI WKLV ¿JKW RI EORRG ¿UH DQG WHDUV EHFDXVH LW KDV been a fair and noble struggle.¨ The worlds (colonialist whites), were uncomfortable E\ WKH ¿UPQHVV ZLWK ZKLFK /XPXPED H[SUHVVHG ZRUG for word the challenges of the Congolese people against the colonialism of the Belgians. The discursive drop of Lumumba that

infuriated the Belgians was when he said “The Congo will become a springboard for the liberation of the entire African continent.”

From there the CIA and the secret police of the Belgians would make several attempts to assassinate Lumumba, until they managed, with internal allies such as Colonel Mobuto Seseseko, to give him the ¿QDO EORZ RQ -DQXDU\ he was arrested, hit, cut his hands and burned him when he was EDUHO\ ¿YH PRQWKV ROG DV SULPH PLQLVWHU DQG ¿IW\ ¿YH \HDUV ROG ,Q D GHFODVVL¿HG GRFXPHQW the CIA recognizes that I did participate in that murder, then Che before the United Nations &RQIHUHQFH R൵HUHG WR DYHQJH KLP DQG WKDW¶V ZKHQ &KH JRHV WR the Congo and forms the guerrilla under the anti-colonial thought of Patricio Lumumba.

The Irreverence of Amilcar Cabral “You have to listen to

SHRSOH OHDUQ IURP SHRSOH 'RQ¶W hide anything from the people.

'RQ¶W WHOO OLHV UHSRUW WKHP 'RQ¶W SXW PDVNV RQ GL൶FXOWLHV PLVWDNHV IDOO 'RQ¶W VLQJ HDV\ victories.”

One day, January 20, 1973, at night, he was murdered in Conakry, Guinea, at the age of forty-eight, one of the African leaders who possessed a dense thought within contemporary theoretical elaborations against colonialism and the liberation of Africa and the hopeful peoples of the world. It was the revolutionary agronomist Amilcar Cabral, who was the liberator of two African countries: Guinea Bissau and Cape Verde, an independence repercussion that spread to the Island of Sao Tome and Principe.

Self-critic, Cabral, never shunned WKH GL൵HUHQW IURQWV RI EDWWOHV VXFK as guerrilla warfare, diplomacy, ideological training, and incessant intellectual production DV D UHVXOW RI KLV SHUPDQHQW SUD[LV Pablo George, former Minister

RI )RUHLJQ $൵DLUV RI $QJROD whom I had the opportunity to meet in Angola, told me that $PLOFDU¶V VLPSOLFLW\ DQG KLV LQWHOOHFWXDO VWDWXUH FRQ¿JXUHG him as the prototype of the new African man. Amilcar was one of the pioneers of the African continental struggle against the colonialists, leaving a deep mark on subsequent generations.

Both his anti-imperialist thought, his internal anticolonialism, and his revolutionary KRQHVW\ H[SUHVV VHQVLWLYHO\ WKDW KLV H[DPSOH FRQWLQXHV WR EH valid in these crucial moments for the world where it is urgent to reinvent the new practices of making revolution.

In January, every year, it is sad to remember Patricio Lumumba, Amilcar Cabral, and Martin Luther King, three brilliant thinkers of Africa and the African diaspora for the peace and dignity of humanity.

Lembrando dois grandes intelectuals Africanos: Patricio Lumumba e Amilcar Cabral Por Jesus Chucho Garcia Translation by Yoji Senna, Managing Editor, Afrodescendientes Traduzido do original em ingles por Yoji Senna

Portuguese Text

O mês de janeiro testemunhou dois assassinatos na história da luta dos povos africanos para conquistar sua liberdade com dignidade.

O antigo Zaire, controlado pela Bélgica e Guiné Bissau colonizado pelos Portugueses, foram os espaços territoriais que viram nascer Patricio Lumumba (1925-1961) e Amilcar Cabral (1924-73). Patricio Lumumba foi assassinado em 17 de janeiro de 1961 e Amilcar Cabral 20 de janeiro de 1973.

Ambos os líderes anticolonialistas se opuseram com ousadia, inteligência, constância e uma posição ideológica sustentada com muita transparência e H[HPSOR GH FRQVLVWrQFLD QD OXWD pela igualdade de seus povos.

Patricio Lumumba,

conseguiu se opor ao imperialismo do Rei Leopoldo II da Bélgica que ao decolar a Conferência de Berlim de 1885, havia convertido o Zaire (hoje República Democrática do Congo), em uma grande frigideira do inferno para H[WUDLU j FXVWD GH DVVDVVLQDWRV DV ULTXH]DV PLQHUDLV H ÀRUHVWDLV desse território. Antes de Patricio Lumumba, o líder religioso Simón Kimbangu, tinha tentado, através de um movimento espiritual chamado Kimbanguismo, oporVH j H[SORUDomR EHVWLDO GRV belgas, mas falhou na tentativa e morreu na prisão de Lubumbashi (República Democrática do Congo) em 12 de outubro de 1951.

Patricio Lumumba, através GH XP FRPSOH[R SURFHVVR histórico intelectual, militante e no âmbito de uma abertura democracia tutelada pelos belgas, conseguiu a magistratura de primeiro-ministro e em seu discurso de instalação diante dos

poderes imperialistas liderados pelo Rei Bélgica, e altos representantes governamentais da França e dos Estados Unidos, H[SUHVVRX FRP LUUHYHUrQFLD naquele 30 de junho de 1960 que: ¨Nenhum congolês digno de se chamar assim jamais esquecerá que a independência foi conquistada lutando [...]. Não poderíamos estar mais orgulhosos desta luta de sangue, fogo e lágrimas, porque tem sido uma luta justa e nobre¨.

Os mundeles (brancos colonialistas), estavam GHVFRQIRUWiYHLV FRP D ¿UPH]D FRP TXH /XPXPED H[SUHVVDYD SDODYUD SRU SDODYUD RV GHVD¿RV do povo congoles contra o colonialismo dos belgas. A gota discursiva de Lumumba que enfureceu os belgas foi quando HOH H[SUHVVRX TXH ³2 &RQJR se tornará um trampolim para a libertação de todo o continente africano”.

A partir daí, a CIA e a

polícia secreta dos belgas fariam várias tentativas de assassinar Lumumba, até conseguir, com aliados internos como o coronel Mobuto Seseseko, dar-lhe o golpe ¿QDO HP GH MDQHLUR GH ele o prendeu, bateu, cortou as mãos e o queimou, quando ele tinha apenas cinco meses como primeiro-ministro e cinquenta e cinco anos de idade. Em um GRFXPHQWR GHVFODVVL¿FDGR D CIA reconhece que eu participo desse assassinato, então, o Che perante a Conferência das Nações Unidas ofereceu-se para vingálo e é aí que o Che vai para o Congo e forma a guerrilha sob o pensamento anti-colonial de Patricio Lumumba.

A irreverência de Amilcar Cabral “Você tem que ouvir as pessoas, aprender com as pessoas.

Não esconda nada diante da aldeia.

Não diga mentiras: denuncieas. Não coloque máscaras para

GL¿FXOGDGHV HUURV TXHGDV 1mR cantem vitórias fáceis”.

Um dia 20 de janeiro de 1973, em horas da noite, é assassinado em Conakri, Guiné, aos quarenta e oito anos, um dos líderes africanos que possuía um pensamento denso dentro das elaborações teóricas contemporâneas contra o colonialismo e a libertação da África e dos povos esperançosos do mundo. Tratava-se do agrônomo revolucionário Amilcar Cabral, que foi o libertador de dois países africanos: GuinéBissau e Cabo Verde, repercussão independentista que se estendeu j ,OKD GH 6DQWR 7RPp H 3UtQFLSH Autocrítico, Cabral, nunca se afastou das diferentes frentes de batalhas como a guerra de guerrilha, a diplomacia, a formação ideológica e a incessante produção intelectual como resultado de sua prática SHUPDQHQWH 3DEOR *HRUJH H[ PLQLVWUR GDV 5HODo}HV ([WHULRUHV

de Angola, que tive a oportunidade de conhecer em Angola, H[SUHVVRX PH TXH D VLPSOLFLGDGH de Amilcar e a sua estatura LQWHOHFWXDO R FRQ¿JXUDYDP FRPR o protótipo do novo homem africano. Amilcar foi um dos pioneiros da luta continental africana contra o colonialista, GHL[DQGR XPD SURIXQGD PDUFD para as gerações posteriores.

Tanto o seu pensamento anti-imperialista, o seu anticolonialismo interno e a sua honestidade revolucionária H[SUHVVDP VHQVLYHOPHQWH TXH R VHX H[HPSOR FRQWLQXD D WHU vigência nestes momentos cruciais para o mundo onde se torna urgente reinventar as novas práticas de fazer revolução.

No mês de janeiro, de cada ano, é triste lembrar Patricio Lumumba, Amilcar Cabral e Martin Luther King, três brilhantes pensadores da África e a diaspora africana pela paz e dignidade da humanidade.

Se souvenir de deux grands intellectuels Africains: Patricio Lumumba et Amilcar Cabral Par Jesus Chucho Garcia Translation by Macdonald Anyanwu, Afrodescendientes Traduit de l’espagnol par Yoji Senna

French Text

Le mois de janvier a connu GHX[ PHXUWUHV GDQV O¶KLVWRLUH de la lutte des peuples africains pour conquérir leur liberté DYHF GLJQLWp /H YLHX[ ]DLUH contrôlé par la Belgique et la

Guinée bissau colonisée par les Portugais, étaient les espaces WHUULWRULDX[ TXL RQW YX OD naissance de Patricio Lumumba HW G¶$PLOFDU Cabral (1924-73). Patricio

Lumumba a été assassinée le 17 janvier 1961 et Amilcar Cabral le 20 janvier 1973. /HV GHX[ GLULJHDQWV anticolonialistes se sont opposés j O¶DXGDFH j O¶LQWHOOLJHQFH j OD

SHUVpYpUDQFH HW j XQH SRVLWLRQ idéologique soutenue, soutenue par beaucoup de transparence et XQ H[HPSOH GH FRKpUHQFH GDQV OD OXWWH SRXU O¶pJDOLWp GH OHXU peuple.

Patricio Lumumba a réussi j V¶RSSRVHU j O¶LPSpULDOLVPH du roi Léopold II de Belgique qui, lors du décollage de la conférence de Berlin de 1885, avait transformé le Zaïre

insightnews.com DXMRXUG¶KXL OD 5pSXEOLTXH démocratique du Congo), en XQ JUDQG HQIHU SRXU H[WUDLUH OH minéral et Riches forestières de FH WHUULWRLUH DX SUL[ GX PHXUWUH Avant Patricio Lumumba, le FKHI UHOLJLHX[ 6LPRQ .LPEDQJX DYDLW HVVD\p j WUDYHUV XQ mouvement spirituel appelé le NLPEDQJXLVPH SRXU V¶RSSRVHU j O¶H[SORLWDWLRQ EHVWLDOH GHV Belges, mais il a échoué dans la tentative et est mort dans la prison de Lubumbashi (République démocratique du Congo) le 12 octobre le 12 octobre le 12 octobre , 1951.

3DWULFLR /XPXPED j travers un processus historique LQWHOOHFWXHO FRPSOH[H HW militant et dans le cadre G¶XQH GpPRFUDWLH G¶RXYHUWXUH protégée par les Belges, a atteint le pouvoir judiciaire du Premier ministre et dans son

January19, 22,2024 2024- -February January 25, 28, 2024 • Page 7 Insight News • February GLVFRXUV G¶LQVWDOODWLRQ GHYDQW les pouvoirs impérialistes dirigés par le roi Belgique et les représentants du gouvernement élevé de la France et des États8QLV H[SULPpV DYHF LUUpYpUHQFH le 30 juin 1960 que: ¨ Aucun congolais digne G¶rWUH DSSHOp TXL RXEOLHUD MDPDLV TXH O¶LQGpSHQGDQFH D pWp remportée par les combats [...].

Nous ne pourrions pas être plus ¿HUV GH FH FRPEDW GH VDQJ GH feu et de larmes, car il a été une lutte équitable et noble.

Les mondes (Blancs colonialistes), étaient inconfortables par la fermeté avec laquelle Lumumba a H[SULPp OD SDUROH SRXU OHV Gp¿V du peuple congolais contre le colonialisme des Belges. La baisse discursive de la lumumba TXL D UHQGX IXULHX[ OHV %HOJHV était quand il a dit que “le Congo

deviendra un tremplin pour la libération de tout le continent africain”.

'H Oj OD &,$ HW OD SROLFH secrète des Belges feraient plusieurs tentatives pour DVVDVVLQHU /XPXPED MXVTX¶j FH TX¶LOV JpQqUHQW DYHF GHV alliés internes tels que le colonel Mobuto Seseseko, pour lui donner le dernier coup le 17 janvier 1961, il a été arrêté, frappé, frappé, frappé, Coupez ses mains et le brûla quand LO DYDLW j SHLQH FLQT PRLV HQ tant que Premier ministre et cinquante-cinq ans. Dans un document déclassé, la CIA UHFRQQDvW TXH M¶DL SDUWLFLSp j ce meurtre, puis Che avant la conférence des Nations Unies qui a proposé de le venger et F¶HVW j FH PRPHQW Oj TXH &KH va au Congo et forme la guérilla sous la pensée anti-coloniale de

Patrio Lumumba.

L’irrévérence d’Amilcar Cabral “Vous devez écouter les gens, apprendre des gens. Ne FDFKH] ULHQ DX[ JHQV 1H GLWHV pas les mensonges: signalezles. Ne mettez pas des masques VXU OHV GL൶FXOWpV OHV HUUHXUV tombent. Ne chantez pas les victoires faciles.”

Un jour, le 20 janvier 1973, la nuit, il a été assassiné j &RQDNU\ HQ *XLQpH j O¶kJH GH TXDUDQWH KXLW O¶XQ des dirigeants africains qui possédaient une pensée dense dans les élaborations théoriques contemporaines contre le colonialisme et la OLEpUDWLRQ GH O¶$IULTXH HW GH OD OHV SHXSOHV SOHLQV G¶HVSRLU GX PRQGH &¶pWDLW O¶DJURQRPH révolutionnaire Amilcar

Cabral, qui était le libérateur GH GHX[ SD\V DIULFDLQV *XLQpH Bissau et Cape Verde, une UpSHUFXVVLRQ G¶LQGpSHQGDQFH TXL V¶HVW SURSDJpH j O¶vOH GH 6DR 7RPH HW 3ULQFLSH /¶DXWR FULWLTXH &DEUDO Q¶D MDPDLV pYLWp OHV GL൵pUHQWV IURQWV GH batailles telles que la guérilla, la diplomatie, la formation idéologique et la production intellectuelle incessante en UDLVRQ GH VD SUD[LV SHUPDQHQW Pablo George, ancien ministre GHV $൵DLUHV pWUDQJqUHV GH O¶$QJROD TXH M¶DL HX O¶RFFDVLRQ GH UHQFRQWUHU HQ $QJROD P¶D GLW TXH OD VLPSOLFLWp G¶$PLOFDU et sa stature intellectuelle OH FRQ¿JXUDLHQW FRPPH OH prototype du nouvel Africain. $PLOFDU pWDLW O¶XQ GHV SLRQQLHUV de la lutte continentale africaine contre les colonialistes, laissant une profonde marque sur les

générations suivantes. À la fois sa pensée anti-impérialiste, son anticolonialisme interne et son honnêteté révolutionnaire H[SULPHQW DYHF VHQVLELOLWp TXH VRQ H[HPSOH FRQWLQXH G¶rWUH valable dans ces moments FUXFLDX[ SRXU OH PRQGH R il est urgent de réinventer les nouvelles pratiques de révolution.

En janvier, chaque année, il est triste de se souvenir de 3DWULFLR /XPXPED G¶$PLOFDU Cabral et de Martin Luther King, de trois brillants penseurs GH O¶$IULTXH HW GH OD GLDVSRUD DIULFDLQH SRXU OD SDL[ HW OD GLJQLWp GH O¶KXPDQLWp

Xusuusinta laba garaad oo Africa ah: Patricio Lumumba iyo Amilcar Cabral

By Jesus Chucho Garcia Translation by Macdonald Anyanwu, Afrodescendientes Waxaa laga soo turjumay Isbaanishka Yoji Senna

Somali Text

%LVKLL -DQDD\R ZD[D OD DUND\ laba dil oo taariikhda halgankii ay dadyowga Afrika u soo galeen VLGLL D\ [RUUL\DGGRRGD VL VKDUDI leh ugu hantiyi lahaayeen. Zaire hore, oo ay gacanta ku hayeen Belgium iyo Guinea Bissau oo ay gumaysanayeen Bortuqiisku, ZD[D\ DKDD\HHQ GKXODONLL DUND\ dhalashada Patricio Lumumba (1925-1961) iyo Amilcar Cabral (1924-73). Patricio Lumumba ZD[D OD GLOD\ -DQXDU\ halka Amilcar Cabral la dilay January 20, 1973.

Labada hogaamiye ee JXPD\VL GLLGND DKL ZD[D\ LVNDJD horyimaadeen geesinimo, caqliJDOQLPR DGND\VL L\R PDZTLI ¿NLU oo waara, taas oo ay ku taageertay hufnaan badan iyo tusaale joogta ah oo ay ugu halgamayaan sinnaanta dadkooda.

3DWULFLR /XPXPED ZD[D uu ku guulaystey in uu ka soo horjeesto Imperialism-kii Boqor Leopold II ee Beljamka, kaas oo markii la bilaabay shirkii Berlin ee 1885, u rogay Zaire (maanta Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ah ee Kongo), cadaab shiilan oo weyn oo laga soo saaro macdanta iyo hodantinimada kaymaha ee dhulkaas oo lagu dilay dil. Patricio Lumumba ka hor, hogaamiyaha GLLQWD 6LPRQ .LPEDQJX ZX[XX isku dayay, iyada oo loo marayo GKDTGKDTDDT UXX[L DK RR OD yiraahdo Kimbanguism, si uu uga soo horjeedo dhiig-miirashada ugu wanaagsan ee Belgian, laakiin wuu ku guuldareystay isku dayga ZX[XXQD NX GKLQWD\ [DEVLJD Lubumbashi (Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga ee Congo) Oktoobar 12. , 1951kii.

Patricio Lumumba, L\DGD RR ORR PDUD\R PDVND[ adag, geeddi-socod taariikhi DK RR [DJMLU DK L\R TDDEND dimuqraadiyadda furitaanka ee D\ LODDOLQD\DDQ %HOJLDQ ZX[XX

NX JXXOH\VWH\ JDUVRRUNLL UD¶LLVXO wasaaraha iyo khudbaddiisa rakibidda ee horteeda awoodaha Imperialist ee uu hoggaamiyo King Belgium, iyo wakiillada sare ee dawladda Faransiiska iyo 0DUH\NDQND ZD[D\ VL [XVKPDG darro ah u muujiyeen Juun 30, 1960 in: ¨ Ma jiro qof u dhashay Kongo oo u qalma in loogu yeero oo waligiis ilaawi doona LQ [RUQLPDGD ODJX KHOD\ GDJDDO > @ :DDQX DDG XJX IDDQL NDUL waynay dagaalkan dhiiga, dabka L\R LOPDGD VDEDEWRR DK ZD[D XX DKDD KDOJDQ [DT DK RR VKDUDI OHK Dunidu (cadaanka JXPD\VLJX ZD\ NX UDD[D\VDQ waayeen sida adag ee uu Lumumba eray eray ugu muujiyay caqabadaha dadka Kongo ee ka dhanka ah gumaysiga Belgian.

Dhibta hadalka ah ee Lumumba ee ka cadhaysiisay Belgian-ka ZD[D\ DKD\G PDUNLL XX \LGKL ³.RQJR ZD[D\ QRTRQ GRRQWDD [XGXQWD [RUD\QWD TDDUDGGD $IULND oo dhan.”

Halkaa CIA-da iyo booliiska sirta ah ee Belgian ZD[D\ LVNX GD\HHQ GKRZU LVNX day oo ay ku doonayeen inay ku dilaan Lumumba, ilaa ay ka PDDPXODDQ [XODIDGD JXGDKD sida Colonel Mobuto Seseseko, VL D\ X VLL\DDQ GKDUEDD[DGLL XJX dambeysay ee Janaayo 17, 1961, ZDD OD [LUD\ JDUDDFD\ *DFPDKD ka gooyay oo gubay isaga oo VKDQ ELORRG NX \DUDD RR UD¶LLVDO wasaare ahaa shan iyo konton jir. Dukumeenti qarsoodi ah, CIA ZD[D\ DTRRQVDQ WDKD\ LQDDQ ND qaybqaatay dilkaas, ka dibna Che ka hor shirkii Qaramada 0LGRRED\ ZX[XX X VRR EDQGKLJD\ inuu u aarguto isaga waana marka Che uu tago Kongo oo uu sameeyo jabhad hoos timaada ¿NLUND JXPH\VLJD ND VRR KRUMHHGD ee Patricio Lumumba.

Ixtiraamka Amilcar Cabral ³:DD LQDDG GDGND dhegaysataa, oo dadka ka barataa, GDGND ZD[ED KD ND TDULQLQD EHHQ ha u sheegin: u sheeg. Ha saarin

ZDML [LGKDKD GKLEDDWRR\LQND khaladaadkuna wuu dhacaa. Ha heesin guulo fudud.”

Maalin, Janaayo 20, 1973, habeen, ayaa lagu dilay Conakry, Guinea, isagoo jira siddeed iyo afartan jir, mid ka mid ah hoggaamiyeyaasha Afrikaanka DK HH ODKDD ¿NUDGGD FXIDQ HH falanqaynta casriga ah ee ka soo KRUMHHGD JXPH\VLJD L\R [RUD\QWD Afrika iyo dadyowga rajada leh ee adduunka. Amilcar Cabral oo ahaa EHHUDOH\GLL NDFDDQND DKDD ZX[XX DKDD [RUHH\D\DDVKLL ODED GDO RR Afrikaan ah: Guinea Bissau iyo Cape Verde, oo ah gobonimo dib X GKDF DK RR NX ¿GD\ -DVLLUDGGD Sao Tome iyo Principe. Is dhaleecayn, Cabral, marna kama fogaan dhinacyada kala duwan ee dagaallada sida dagaalka jabhadda, dublamaasiyadda, WDEDEEDUND ¿NLUND L\R ZD[ VRR VDDUND JDUDDGND HH DDQ NDOD JR¶D lahayn taasoo ay sabab u tahay hawl-karnimadiisa joogtada ah.

3DEOR *HRUJH :DVLLUNLL KRUH HH Arrimaha Dibadda Angola, oo

aan fursad u helay inaan Angola kula kulmo, ayaa ii sheegay in fududaynta Amilcar iyo caqligiisa PDVND[HHG D\ X TDDEHH\HHQ inuu yahay tusaalaha ninka cusub ee Afrikaanka ah. Amilcar ZD[D XX ND PLG DKDD KDOJDQNLL qaarada Afrika ee ka dhanka ahaa gumaystaha, isaga oo raad qoto dheer kaga tagay jiilasha danbe. /DEDGXED ¿NLUNLLVLL Imperial-diidka, gumaysidiidnimadiisa gudaha, iyo GDDFDGQLPDGLLVD NDFDDQND ZD[D\ VL [DVDDVL DK X PXXMLQD\DDQ LQ tusaalihiisu uu sii ahaado mid DQVD[ DK ZDTWL\DGDQ PXKLLPND ah ee aduunka oo ay degdeg u tahay in dib loo soo nooleeyo dhaqamada cusub ee samaynta kacaanka.

Bisha Janaayo, sanad ZDOED ZDD PXUXJR LQ OD [DVXXVWR Patricio Lumumba, Amilcar Cabral, iyo Martin Luther King, RR DK VHGGH[GD PXIDNLULLQWD TXUX[GD EDGDQ HH $IULND L\R qurba-joogta Afrikaanka ah ee nabadda iyo sharafta aadanaha.

Kukumbuka wasomi wawili wakuu wa Kiafrika: Patricio Lumumba na Amilcar Cabral Na Jesus Chucho Garcia Translation by Macdonald Anyanwu, Afrodescendientes Ilitafsiriwa kutoka Kihispania na Yoji Senna

Swahili Text

Mwezi wa Januari ulishuhudia mauaji mawili katika historia ya mapambano ya watu wa Kiafrika kushinda uhuru wao kwa hadhi.

Zaire wa zamani, aliyedhibitiwa na Ubelgiji na Guinea Bissau ZDOLWDZDOLZD QD :DUHQR QGLR nafasi za eneo ambalo liliona kuzaliwa kwa Patricio Lumumba (1925-1961) na Amilcar Cabral (1924-73). Patricio Lumumba aliuawa mnamo Januari 17, 1961, na Amilcar Cabral mnamo Januari 20, 1973.

Viongozi wote wawili wa kupinga ukoloni walipinga kila mmoja kwa ukaguzi, akili, uvumilivu, na msimamo endelevu wa kiitikadi, ulioungwa mkono na uwazi mwingi na mfano wa msimamo katika kupigania usawa

wa watu wao.

Patricio Lumumba alifanikiwa kupinga ubeberu wa Mfalme Leopold II wa Ubelgiji ambaye, katika mkutano wa Berlin wa 1885, alikuwa amegeuza Zaire (leo Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo), kuwa kuzimu kubwa ya kukausha madini na Utajiri wa msitu wa eneo hilo kwa gharama ya mauaji. Kabla ya Patricio Lumumba, kiongozi wa dini Simon Kimbangu alikuwa amejaribu, kupitia harakati za kiroho zinazoitwa Kimbanguism, NXSLQJD XQ\RQ\DML ZD :DEHOJLML lakini alishindwa katika jaribio hilo na akafa katika gereza la Lubumbashi (Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo) mnamo Oktoba 12 , 1951.

Patricio Lumumba, kupitia mchakato tata wa kielimu, kihistoria wa kijeshi na ndani ya mfumo wa demokrasia ya ufunguzi iliyolindwa na :DEHOJLML LOLIDQLNLZD PDKDNDPD

\D :D]LUL 0NXX QD NDWLND KRWXED yake ya ufungaji mbele ya nguvu za Imperialist zilizoongozwa na Mfalme Ubelgiji, na wawakilishi wakuu wa serikali ya Ufaransa na Merika, iliyoonyeshwa kwa kutokuwa na heshima mnamo Juni 30, 1960 kwamba: ¨no Kongo inayostahili kuitwa ambayo itasahau kuwa uhuru ulishindwa kwa kupigana [...].

Hatukuweza kujivunia zaidi vita hii ya damu, moto, na machozi, kwa sababu imekuwa mapambano mazuri na mazuri.

Ulimwengu (wazungu wa wakoloni), hawakufurahi na uimara ambao Lumumba alionyesha neno kwa neno changamoto za watu wa Kongo GKLGL \D XNRORQL ZD :DEHOJLML Kushuka kwa utapeli wa Lumumba ambayo iliwakasirisha :DEHOJLML QL ZDNDWL DOLVHPD “Kongo itakuwa njia ya ukombozi wa bara lote la Afrika.”

Kutoka hapo CIA na polisi ZD VLUL ZD :DEHOJLML ZDQJHIDQ\D

majaribio kadhaa ya kumuua Lumumba, hadi walipofanikiwa, na washirika wa ndani kama vile Kanali Mobuto Seseseko, ili kumpa pigo la mwisho mnamo Januari 17, 1961, alikamatwa, alipigwa, alipigwa, alipigwa, alipigwa, alipigwa, alipigwa, alipigwa, alipigwa, alipigwa, alipigwa, alipigwa, kugonga, kugonga, Kata mikono yake na kumchoma wakati alikuwa na umri wa miezi mitano kama :D]LUL 0NXX QD PLDND KDPVLQL QD tano. Katika hati iliyotangazwa, CIA inatambua kuwa nilishiriki katika mauaji hayo, basi Che kabla ya Mkutano wa Umoja wa Mataifa kutoa kulipiza kisasi na ndipo wakati Che huenda Kongo na kuunda waasi chini ya wazo la kupinga ukoloni la Patricio Lumumba.

Kutokujali kwa Amilcar Cabral “Lazima usikilize watu, jifunze kutoka kwa watu.

8VL¿FKH FKRFKRWH NXWRND NZD

watu. Usiseme uwongo: Ripoti.

Usiweke masks juu ya shida, makosa yanaanguka. Usiimbe ushindi rahisi.”

Siku moja, Januari 20, 1973, usiku, aliuawa huko Conakry, Guinea, akiwa na umri wa miaka arobaini na nane, mmoja wa viongozi wa Kiafrika ambao walikuwa na mawazo mnene ndani ya ufafanuzi wa kisasa wa nadharia dhidi ya ukoloni na XNRPER]L ZD $IULND QD 7KH :DWX wenye matumaini wa ulimwengu.

Ilikuwa mtaalam wa mapinduzi Amilcar Cabral, ambaye alikuwa mkombozi wa nchi mbili za Afrika: Guinea Bissau na Cape Verde, uhuru wa uhuru ambao ulienea katika kisiwa cha Sao Tome na Principe. Kujikosa, Cabral, hakuwahi kuepusha pande tofauti za vita kama vita vya waasi, diplomasia, mafunzo ya kiitikadi, na uzalishaji wa kielimu NDPD PDWRNHR \D SUD[LV \DNH \D NXGXPX 3DEOR *HRUJH :D]LUL wa zamani wa Mambo ya nje wa

Angola, ambaye nilipata nafasi ya kukutana naye Angola, aliniambia kuwa unyenyekevu wa Amilcar na kimo chake cha kielimu kilimsanidi kama mfano wa mtu huyo mpya wa Afrika. Amilcar alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa mapambano ya bara la Afrika dhidi ya wakoloni, akiacha alama kubwa juu ya vizazi vijavyo.

Mawazo yake yote mawili ya kupingana na impire, ya ndani ya kupinga ukoloni, na uaminifu wake wa mapinduzi huonyesha wazi kuwa mfano wake unaendelea kuwa halali katika wakati huu muhimu kwa ulimwengu ambapo ni haraka kurudisha mazoea mapya ya kufanya mapinduzi.

Mnamo Januari, kila mwaka, inasikitisha kumkumbuka Patricio Lumumba, Amilcar Cabral, na Martin Luther King, ZD¿NLULDML ZDWDWX ZHQ\H EXVDUD wa Afrika na Diaspora ya Kiafrika kwa amani na hadhi ya ubinadamu.

Ranti Ogbon Afrika nla meji: Patricio Lumumba ati Amilcar Cabral &- 0Ź "020 %2 %, / &

Translation by Macdonald Anyanwu, Afrodescendientes 12*Ʃ ) 1& "!" &- +&0& +&- 0Ź ,'& "++

Yoruba Text

2ৢX .LQL MҽUL DZӑQ LSDQL\DQ PHML QLQX LWDQ DNӑӑOҽ WL ,MDNDGL WL DZӑQ HQL\DQ $¿ULND ODWL ৢҽJXQ RPLQLUD ZӑQ SҽOX L\L =DLUH DWLMӑ WL %ҽOMLӑPX DWL *XLQHD %LVVDX WL ৢH LMӑED QLSDVҽ DZӑQ 3RUWXJXHVH Mҽ DZӑQ DD\H DJEHJEH WL R ULL LELPӑ 3DWULFLR /XPXPED 1961) ati Amilcar Cabral (192473). Patricio Lumumba ni a pa ni 2ৢX .LQL ӐMӑ ӐGXQ DWL $PLOFDU &DEUDO QL 2ৢX .LQL ӐMӑ ӐGXQ 0HMHHML DZӑQ ROXGDUL DQWL FRORQLDOLVW WDNR DUD ZӑQ SҽOX DXGDFLW\ R\H LWDUD DWL LSR DURVӑ WL R GXUR WL R QL DWLOҽ\LQ QLSDVҽ LৢD¿KDQ SXSӑ DWL DSҽҽUҽ WL DLWDVHUD QLQX LMD IXQ LVӑJED WL DZӑQ HQL\DQ ZӑQ 3DWULFLR /XPXPED ৢDNRVR ODWL WDNR LMӑED LMӑED WL ӐED /HRSROG .HML WL %ҽOMLӑPX WL QL LMDGH WL $SHMӑ %HUOLQ WL WL Vӑ Zaire (loni Democratic Republic of Congo), sinu apaadi frying QOD ODWL \ӑ QNDQ WL R ZD QL HUXSH LOH MDGH DWL ӑUӑ LJER WL DJEHJEH QDD QL LGL\HOH LSDQL\DQ ৡDDMX 3DWULFLR /XPXPED DGDUL ҽVLQ Simon Kimbangu ti gbiyanju, QLSDVҽ ҽJEҽ ҽPL NDQ WL D SH QL Kimbanguism, lati tako ilokulo ҽUDQNR WL DZӑQ DUD %HOLMLRPX ৢXJEӑQ R NXQD QLQX LJEL\DQMX naa o si ku ninu tubu Lubumbashi (Democratic Republic of the &RQJR QL 2ৢX .ҽZD ӑMӑ ӐGXQ

3DWULFLR /XPXPED QLSDVҽ ӑJEӑQ HND NDQ LODQD LWDQ DNӑӑOҽ RQLMD DWL ODDULQ LODQD WL LMӑED WLZDQWLZD ৢLৢL WL R QL DDER QLSDVҽ DZӑQ DUD LOX %HOLMLRPX ৢDৢH\ӑUL DGDMӑ WL $GDUL LJELPӑ LMӑED DWL QLQX ӑUӑ ¿¿ VRUL Uҽ QL LZDMX DZӑQ DJEDUD LMӑED LMӑED WL R ৢDNRVR QLSDVҽ ӐED %HOJLXP DWL DZӑQ DৢRMX LMӑED JLJD WL ,OX )DUDQVH DWL $PҽULND WL ৢD¿KDQ SҽOX DLELNLWD QL 2ৢX .ҽID ӐMӑ ӐGXQ pe: .R VL ӑPӑ LOX .RQJR WL R \ҽ ODWL SH WL \RR JEDJEH ODLODL SH D JED RPLQLUD QLSDVҽ LMD > @ $ NR OH QL LJEHUDJD GLҽ VLL IXQ LMD ҽMҽ LQD DWL RPLMH QLWRUL SH R Mҽ LMD WL R Wӑ DWL ӑOӑOD $ZӑQ D\H DZӑQ DODZR IXQIXQ NR QL LWXQX QLSDVҽ LGXURৢLQৢLQ SҽOX H\LWL /XPXPED ৢH D¿KDQ ӑUӑ IXQ ӑUӑ DZӑQ LWDOD\D WL DZӑQ HQL\DQ .RQJR ORGL VL LMӑED DPXQLVLQ WL %HOJLDQV ӐUӑ VLVӑ WL /XPXPED WL R ELQX DZӑQ DUD %HOLMLRPX QL QLJEDWL R Vӑ SH ³.RQJR \RR GL RULVXQ RPL orisun omi fun ominira ti gbogbo LOҽ $¿ULND ´ /DWL LEҽ &,$ DWL DZӑQ ӑOӑSD DৢLUL WL DZӑQ DUD LOX %HOLMLRPX \RR ৢH DZӑQ LJEL\DQMX SXSӑ ODWL SD /XPXPED WLWL WL ZӑQ ¿ ৢDNRVR SҽOX DZӑQ ӑUҽ LQX LQX bii Colonel Mobuto Seseseko, ODWL IXQ X QL LMDNDGL LNҽKLQ QL 2ৢX .LQL ӐMӑ ӐGXQ R PX OX JH ӑZӑ Uҽ R VL VXQ X QLJEDWL R Mҽ ӑPӑ RৢX PDUXQ WL DZӑ EL $ODNRVR LMӑED DWL ӑPӑ ӑGXQ PDUXQ PDUXQ 1LQX LZH WL D WL Vӑ GL PLPӑ &,$ Pӑ SH 02 ৢH DODEDSLQ QLQX LSDQL\DQ \ҽQ OҽKLQQD &KH ৢDDMX DSHMӑ $SHMӑ $ZӑQ 2ULOҽ HGH WL D IXQQL ODWL

JEҽVDQ Uҽ DWL SH L\ҽQ QL QLJEDWL &KH Oӑ VL .RQJR WL R ৢH DJEHNDOҽ JXHUULOOD ODEҽ HUR DQWL DPXQLVLQ WL Patricio Lumumba. ¬uPiৢҽҒrè ti Amilcar Cabral ³2 QL ODWL WҽWLVL DZӑQ HQL\DQ Nӑ ҽNӑ ODWL ӑGӑ HQL\DQ 0DৢH ¿ RKXQ NDQ SDPӑ NXUR OӑGӑ DZӑQ HQL\DQ 0DৢH Vӑ HNH MDER ZӑQ 0DৢH ¿ DZӑQ LERMX LSDUDGD VL DZӑQ LৢRUR DZӑQ DৢLৢH ৢXEX 0DৢH NӑULQ DZӑQ LৢҽJXQ WL R UӑUXQ ´ 1L ӑMӑ NDQ 2ৢX .LQL ӑMӑ ӑGXQ QL DOҽ D SD D QL &RQDNU\ *XLQHD QL ҽQL ӑGXQ PHMLGLQORJRML ӑNDQ QLQX DZӑQ ROXGDUL LOH $¿ULND WL R QL LURQX LZXZR ODDULQ DZӑQ DOD\H LPӑ MLQOҽ WL RGH RQL ORGL VL LMӑED DPXQLVLQ DWL RPLQLUD WL $¿ULND DWL DZӑQ HQL\DQ WL R QL LUHWL DJED\H 2 Mҽ DJURQRPLVW URJERGL\DQ $PLOFDU &DEUDO ҽQLWL R Mҽ ROXGDVLOҽ WL DZӑQ RULOҽ HGH $¿ULND PHML *XLQHD %LVVDX DWL &DSH 9HUGH LSDGDEӑ RPLQLUD ti o tan si Erekusu ti Sao Tome ati Principe. Alariwisi ti ara ҽQL &DEUDO NR \DJR IXQ DZӑQ RULৢLULৢL DZӑQ LZDMX WL DZӑQ RJXQ ELL RJXQ MDJXQMDJXQ ÎWӑVӑQD LNҽNӑ DURMLQOH DWL LৢHOӑSӑ ӑJEӑQ DLORSLQ EL DEDMDGH WL SUD[LV Uҽ titilai. Pablo George, Minisita IXQ 2UR $MHML WҽOҽ WL $QJROD ҽQLWL Mo ni aye lati pade ni Angola, Vӑ IXQ PL SH LUӑUXQ $PLOFDU DWL ӑJEӑQ ӑJEӑQ Uҽ WXQWR Uҽ JҽJҽEL DSҽUҽ WL ӑNXQULQ $¿ULND WXQWXQ QDD $PLOFDU Mҽ ӑNDQ QLQX DZӑQ DৢiiM~ ӑQj WL ,MDNDGL FRQWLQHQWDO $¿ULND ORGL VL DZӑQ DPXQLVLQ WL R ¿ DPL MLQOҽ VLOҽ ORUL DZӑQ LUDQ WL R WҽOH

0HMHHML HUR ӐOӑSӑ LৢҽҒOҽ ҕ ӑPӑ ӑGz Uҽ LORGL DPXQLVLQ LQX LQX Uҽ DWL RRWR URJERGL\DQ Uҽ ৢDOD\H QL LIDUDEDOҽ SH DSҽҽUҽ Uҽ WҽVLZDMX ODWL ZXOR QL DZӑQ DNRNR SDWDNL ZӑQ\L IXQ DJED\H QLELWL R WL Mҽ L\DUD ODWL WXQ ৢҽGD DZӑQ LৢH WXQWXQ WL ৢLৢH L\LSDGD 1L 2ৢX .LQL QL JERJER ӑGXQ R Mҽ LEDQXMҽ ODWL UDQWL Patricio Lumumba, Amilcar Cabral, ati Martin Luther King, DZӑQ RQLPӑUDQ GLGDQXEL PҽWD WL $¿ULND DWL DZӑQ DUD LOX $¿ULND IXQ DODD¿D DWL L\L WL ҽGD HQL\DQ

Haddii aad qabto wax kamid ah astaamahaan,

JOOGSO! Qandho

Dhibaato neefsiga ah

Qufac

Dhadhanka ama urta oo luma

Duuf sanka kaa socda ama cabur

Cune xanuun

Murqo xanuun

Lalabo, shuban, ama matag

Madax xanuun

Qarqaryo

Daal

Click here to fill in additional information specific to your institution. (ex. what people should do, who to contact, etc.)

health.mn.gov Minnesota Department of Health | health.mn.gov | 651-201-5000 | Contact health.communications@state.mn.us to request an alternate format. | 8/26/2020 (Somali)

Page 8 • February 19, 2024 - February 25, 2024 • Insight News

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insightnews.com

Insight News • February 19, 2024 - February 25, 2024 • Page 9

Insight 2 Health Family caregivers face financial burdens, isolation and limited resources − a social worker explains how to improve quality of life for this growing population

By Kathy L. Lee Assistant Professor of Gerontological Social Work, University of Texas at Arlington Millions of Americans have become informal family caregivers: people who provide family members or friends with unpaid assistance in accomplishing daily tasks such as bathing, eating, transportation and managing medications.

Driven in part by a preference for home-based care rather than long-term care options such as assisted living facilities, and the limited availability and high cost of formal care services, family caregivers play a pivotal role in the safety and wellbeing of their loved ones.

Approximately 34.2 million people in the United States provide unpaid assistance to adults age 50 or above, according to the Family Caregiver Alliance. Among them, about 15.7 million adult family caregivers care for someone with dementia.

I am a licensed clinical social worker and an assistant professor of social work studying disparities in health and health care systems.

I focus on underrepresented populations in the field of aging.

Challenges for family caregivers In my research focusing on East Asian family caregivers for people with Alzheimer’s and related dementia, I discovered that Chinese American and Korean American caregivers often encounter challenging situations.

These include discrimination from health care facilities or providers, feelings of loneliness and financial issues. Some of these caregivers even find themselves having to retire early because they struggle to balance both work and caregiving responsibilities.

My findings join a growing body of research showing that family caregivers commonly encounter five specific challenges: financial burdens, limited use of home- and community-based

Terry Vine/DigitalVision via Getty Images

Family caregivers may be less likely to turn to others when they need their own support. services, difficulties accessing resources, a lack of knowledge about existing educational programs, and physical and emotional challenges, such as feelings of helplessness and caregiver burnout.

However, researchers are also finding that family caregivers feel more capable of managing these challenges when they can tap into formal services that offer practical guidance and insights for their situations, as well as assistance with some unique challenges involved with family caregiving.

The demographics of informal caregivers More than 6 in 10 family caregivers are women.

Society has always expected women to take on caregiving responsibilities.

Women also usually earn less money or rely on other family members for financial support.

This is because equal pay in the workplace has been slow to happen, and women often take on roles like becoming the primary caregiver for their own children as well as their aging relatives, which can drastically affect their earnings.

While nearly half of care recipients live in their own homes, 1 in 3 live with their caregivers.

Sometimes termed “resident caregivers,” these

individuals are less likely to turn to others outside the family for caregiving support, often because they feel that it’s important to keep caregiving within the family.

These caregivers are typically older, retired or unemployed and have lower income than caregivers who live separately.

According to a 2020 report from the AARP Public Policy Institute, about 1 in 3 family caregivers provide more than 21 hours of care a week to a loved one.

Juggling caregiving with everyday life Caregiving often creates financial burdens because it makes it harder to hold a full-time or part-time job, or to return to work after taking time off, particularly for spouses who are caregivers.

Often, communitybased organizations such as nonprofits that serve older adults offer a variety of inhome services and educational programs. These can help family caregivers manage or reduce the physical and emotional strains of their responsibilities. However, these demands also can make it difficult for some caregivers to even learn that these resources exist, or take advantage of

them, particularly as the care recipient’s condition progresses.

These challenges worsened at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Many support programs were canceled, and it was hard to access health care, which made things even more stressful and tiring for caregivers.

Research shows that those who are new to family caregiving often take care of their loved ones without any formal support initially. As a result, they may face increased emotional burdens.

And caregivers age 70 and above face particular challenges, since they may be navigating their own health issues at the same time. These individuals are less likely to receive informal support, which can lead to social isolation and burnout.

Support for family caregivers There are numerous programs and services available for family caregivers and their loved ones, whether they reside at home or in a residential facility.

These resources include government health and disability programs, legal assistance and disease-specific organizations, some of which are specific to certain states.

In addition, research

has found that providing appropriate education and training to people in the early stages of caregiving enables them to better balance their own health and well-being with successfully fulfilling their responsibilities.

Many community-based organizations, such as local nonprofits focused on aging, as well as government programs or senior centers, may offer case management services for older adults, which can be beneficial for learning about existing resources and services.

For family caregivers of people with dementia, formal support services are particularly crucial to their ability to cope and navigate the challenges they face.

The role of Medicaid Formal support may also be helpful in finding affordable home-based and community resources that can help compensate for a lack of informal support. These include home health services funded

by Medicare and Medicaidfunded providers of medical and nonmedical services, including transportation.

Medicaid, which targets low-income Americans, seniors, people with disabilities

and a few select other groups, has certain income requirements. Determine the eligibility requirements first to find out whether your loved one qualifies for Medicaid.

The services and support covered by Medicaid may vary based on a number of factors, such as timing of care, the specific needs of caregivers and their loved ones, the care plan in place for the loved one and the location or state in which the caregiver and their loved one reside.

Each state also has its own Medicaid program with unique rules, regulations and eligibility criteria. This can result in variations in the types of services covered, the extent of coverage and the specific requirements for accessing Medicaid-funded support.

If so, contact your state’s Medicaid office to get more information about selfdirected services and whether you can become a paid family caregiver.

Medicare might help Medicare may help pay for certain home health services if an older adult needs skilled services part time and is considered homebound.

This assistance can alleviate some of the caregiving responsibilities and financial burdens on the family caregiver, allowing them to focus on providing care and support to their loved ones without worrying about the cost of essential medical services.

Peer-to-peer support is also crucial. Family caregivers who join support groups tend to manage their stress more effectively and experience an overall better quality of life.

Kathy Lee has received funding from the Alzheimer’s Association - New to the Field (AARG-NTF-20-678171).

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license.

G E T T H E U P D AT E D 202 3 -2 024

COVID-19 VACCINE CDC recommends everyone 6 months of age and older get the updated 2023–2024 COVID-19 vaccine.

Three vaccines are available: Pfizer, Moderna, or Novavax (12 years of age and older) and they all protect against serious illness from COVID-19.

One vaccine is not recommended over another. You should get the vaccine that is available to you and is appropriate for your age. It is OK to get a different brand of vaccine from your previous doses.

AGES 6 MONTHS TO 4 YEARS

AGES 5 TO 11 YEARS

At least

Isaac Owens

Hennepin Healthcare professional profile

Isaac Owens – Assistant Director - Retail, Food and Nutrition Services “Food can be medicine. Just like doctors and nurses take care of patients, we also care for patients with nourishing food. We might need nutritious food as much as medicine and treatment. I also manage our cafeteria and I want it to be an oasis – where people feel welcomed and find what they’re looking for. Employees, patients and visitors can let their guards down and relax.

It takes all our food service team to make that happen.

The cafeteria is just like a big orchestra, and I’m

the conductor, moving and making sure everybody plays their instrument to the best of their ability. People walk in, and they’re excited; they say they didn’t know the cafeteria could have this kind of food.

We have a wide variety of cuisine. Because so many of our employees are from different cultures, the cafeteria is like a mini United Nations. There’s so much representation, and our team members have all sorts of suggestions to help us learn and improve our food.”

1 dose of updated COVID-19 vaccine

1

updated COVID-19 vaccine

(may need multiple doses to be up to date)

The virus that causes COVID-19 is always changing, and protection from previous COVID-19 vaccines declines over time.

Receiving an updated COVID-19 vaccine can restore protection and provide enhanced protection against the variants currently circulating.

AGE 12 AND OLDER

AGE 12 AND OLDER

UNVACCINATED

VACCINATED

1 updated Pfizer or updated Moderna COVID-19 vaccine

OR

1

updated COVID-19 vaccine

2 doses of updated Novavax COVID-19 vaccine

People who are moderately or severely immunocompromised may get additional doses of the updated COVID-19 vaccine.

Talk to your health care provider.

Talk to your health care provider if you have any questions about the updated 2023-2024 COVID-19 vaccine, or visit About COVID-19 Vaccine (www.health.mn.gov/diseases/coronavirus/vaccine/basics.html) or CDC: Stay Up to Date with COVID-19 Vaccines (www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/stay-up-to-date.html) for more information.

Minnesota Department of Health | health.mn.gov | 625 Robert Street North PO Box 64975, St. Paul, MN 55164 651-201-5000 | Contact health.communications@state.mn.us to request an alternate format.

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Page 10 • February 19, 2024 - February 25, 2024 • Insight News

Nadvia Davis’:

Grant Practices Math With Manners Sharing Our Stories

By: W.D. Foster-Graham Book Review Editor GRANT PRACTICES MATH WITH MANNERS

By Nadvia Davis There can never be enough children’s books featuring African American characters, especially in today’s climate. They can be fun, they can teach life lessons/skills, they can do both. For Black boys, it is crucial that they see themselves in books, which will in turn improve their reading skills. That being said, I am happy to bring to you Nadvia Davis’ Grant Practices Math With Manners.

Our story opens with Grant and his mother shopping at the grocery store.

With money from his piggy bank, Grant buys his favorite cereal. After giving his mother the receipt, she notices that an error was made in the amount of change he received and does the math with Grant.

She encourages

Grant to go back to the cashier and explain, and to do so with good manners. At first Grant is nervous about it, but Mom tells him she’ll support him if he is struggling. He repeats a mantra, “Manners in mind, always be kind.” Thus, Grant is able to explain the matter to the cashier using his manners.

Wonderfully illustrated

by George Franco, Davis’ work has several life lessons along with the practical skills of math. In spite of the negative examples fed to us by certain media, good manners carry a person much farther in life, as does a positive attitude, and it is never too early to teach them.

Also, though he was nervous, Grant grasped the courage to speak up, knowing that his mother had his back. Inspired by her nephew, Davis’ book is another jewel that belongs in our personal libraries.

Grant Practices Math With Manners is available through Amazon, Barnes & Noble, the Minnesota Black Authors Expo website (mnblackauthorsexpo.com), and Strive Bookstore in Minneapolis.

Thank you, Nadvia, for giving us great examples of teachable moments with our children!

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Insight News • February 19, 2024 - February 25, 2024 • Page 11

Reiko Ho - Embracing Universality Through Theater

By Pulane Choane Contributing Writer In the realm of theater, where stories intertwine with culture and history, Reiko Ho emerges as a luminary, infusing her productions with a tapestry of experiences that resonate far beyond the stage. As an accomplished director and theater maker, she navigates the complexities of identity, resilience, and the power of storytelling with grace and purpose.

Dr. Irma McClaurin sets the stage for our conversation, underscoring the importance of inclusive storytelling and the need to amplify diverse voices. She invites us to explore how Reiko’s own history shapes her artistic endeavors and resonates with broader themes of resilience and perseverance.

Reiko’s journey is deeply rooted in the multicultural mosaic of Hawaii,

where her Japanese heritage intertwines with the island’s rich history. Reflecting on her background, she shares, “A lot of us have complicated histories with America... I come from that very humble and hardworking stock.” Her words echo the struggles and triumphs of generations past, highlighting the resilience ingrained in her lineage.

Amidst the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic, Reiko’s creativity knows no bounds. Forced to adapt to a new reality, she transforms setbacks into opportunities, bringing her show, “The Carp Who Would Not Quit,” to audiences in Minneapolis.

This enchanting production, inspired by Japanese and Okinawan folk tales, serves as a testament to the enduring power of storytelling to transcend barriers and unite communities.

“Healing starts with delight and joy, especially with children,” Reiko affirms, emphasizing the transformative potential of theater to uplift and inspire.

Reiko Ho Yet, Reiko’s journey is not without its challenges.

As an Asian American, in a predominantly white-dominated field, she grapples with systemic barriers and entrenched biases.

Reflecting on her experiences, she shares,

“Even in Hawaii, it was a very white-dominated field.”

Her words resonate with the struggles faced by marginalized communities, underscoring the importance of representation and inclusion in the arts.

In the wake of

the COVID-19 pandemic, Reiko confronts a new wave of adversity: the rise in antiAsian hate and discrimination.

Moved by the plight of her community, she embarks on a new project rooted in Chinese folklore and

traditions. “It made me really sad when I heard about our grandparents being pushed into the subway and all the terrible slurs that were being flown around,” she laments. Through her artistry, Reiko seeks to honor her heritage and combat stereotypes, fostering greater understanding and empathy.

As we celebrate Black History Month, Reiko’s journey serves as a poignant reminder of the interconnectedness of our struggles and triumphs.

Just as black history is intertwined with the fabric of American society, so too are the experiences of Asian Americans and other marginalized communities. Through her work, Reiko bridges these divides, weaving a narrative of resilience, solidarity, and hope.

Reiko Ho, the playwright and director of The Carp Who Would Not Quit and Other Animal Stories was featured at The Children’s Theatre Company (CTC) located in Minneapolis, MN.

The Way We Were...

Hobb servation Point

By Chuck Hobbs “There is no pain so great as the memory of joy in present grief...”—Aeschylus, Ancient Greek Tragedian When Special Counsel Robert Hur declined to press charges last week against President Joe Biden for mishandling documents following his tenure as vice president during the Obama administration, the decision quickly drew derisive comments from former President Donald Trump and his followers for “bias” since he is facing myriad charges of mishandling classified documents during his own one term in office.

While that’s not the main idea of today’s blog (stay tuned), I would be remiss if I didn’t address the proverbial elephant in the room, which is that there’s a DISTINCT difference in mishandling documents and cooperating fully with investigators once made aware (as Mr. Biden did), and mishandling documents by showing them off to friends— all the while obstructing the investigation because you believe that you are still the President and entitled to proceed as you wish (as Mr. Trump did). And the previous sentence is not an opinion based on my “feelings,” but one based upon over 23 years of law school and work in federal and state courts that power my understanding of the

elements necessary to prosecute cases and win convictions!

Now that I’ve gotten that much out of the way, the main idea of today’s blog is a separate elephant in the room, which is the age issue regarding Biden (81) and Trump (77) and the realization that both men are subject to lapses in memory that are proving to be problematic (no matter how their loyal supporters try to spin it).

Now, only a few weeks after Donald Trump repeatedly confused his Republican challenger, Nikki Haley, with Democratic Congresswoman Nancy Pelosi, Trump and his surrogates have chosen to ignore his own poor memory by poking fun at Special Counsel Hur’s report—one which paints Biden as a “friendly but forgetful older man.” Counsel Hur, in outlining his refusal to charge the president with a crime, said, “Mr. Biden would likely present himself to a jury, as he did during our interview with him, as a sympathetic, well-meaning, elderly man with a poor memory.”

Duly noted…

While damaging, I understand Counsel Hur’s acknowledgment that Biden’s memory lapses would hurt any intent elements endemic within criminal charges— because they absolutely would!

And while the most low cunning among Trump’s followers made jokes in poor taste about the report saying that Biden couldn’t even remember the precise day that his son Beau died, Dr. Charan Ranganath, a professor of psychology and neuroscience and director of the Dynamic Memory Lab at the University of California, opined in a recent New York

Times editorial that, “calling up the date that an event occurred, like the last year of Mr. Biden’s vice presidency or the year of his son’s death, is a complex measure of memory.

Remembering that an event took place is different than being able to put a date on when it happened, the latter of which is more challenging with increased age.”

Duly noted, again…

Simply put, Dr. Ranganath is saying that it’s one thing to not recall the specific date of an event, like, when a girlfriend puts her boyfriend on the spot at a dinner party by asking what was the date and/or venue of their very first date—and the boyfriend nervously grins and admits that he can’t quite remember. On the contrary, it’s something totally different if the boyfriend can›t recall ever having had a first date at all—or even remember the girlfriend’s name!

Dr. Ranganath also opined, “As an expert on memory, I can assure you that everyone forgets.” Duly noted once more! To this point, those who know me well know that I’ve been blessed since childhood with a fecund memory and lightning quick recall, one that helped me to perform exceptionally well in quiz bowl matches from middle school all the way through college. But while my memory is still razor sharp when it comes to historical dates and trivia, as a now 51-year old man, I do sometimes find myself struggling with names of people (even if I know them by face)— or walking into the kitchen and wondering a few seconds later what I went in there to get.

If we are honest, most of us

have had such moments a time or two, no matter how good our recall skills still remain!

“No man has a good enough memory to be a successful liar…”

Abraham Lincoln, 16th President of the United States.

Thus, Dr. Ranganath’s expert opinions, and the objective facts that have been released regarding our current president’s physical and mental health, lead me to conclude that it is wrong to suggest that Joe Biden is mentally unfit to serve simply because he can’t recall the exact day that his son, Beau, died. My opinion would be different, and I would certainly call Mr. Biden unfit for service IF he didn’t remember that he ever had a son named Beau—or, knowing that he did, if he truly believed that his long deceased son was still very much alive, then it would be time for the President to go gently into that good night of retirement!

But again, that’s NOT the case with this President at this time, no matter what his detractors falsely state to the contrary!

Separately, I believe that there’s a strong antiage bias among some of our fellow Americans that fails to account for the fact that many septuagenarians and octogenarians are still very aware, knowledgeable, and capable of doing their jobs—even if there’s an occasional lapse in memory.

In fact, there’s a wealth of institutional knowledge that the elders, including in politics, can bring to the table when dealing with serious issues. It just depends on the person, truly, as one size doesn’t fit all—at all— when it comes to memory

President Joe Biden and

quick recall abilities.

I would also add that the American presidency, as an institution, is not a dictatorship, no matter how many presidents have harbored (or harbor) desires of having totalitarian powers. Which means that as we consider voting for Biden or Trump this year, or another pair four years from now, whoever is sworn in as president has thousands of younger advisors and lawyers in the Oval Office, the West Wing, and via thinktanks who help them develop policies, draft executive orders, and make critical decisions as Commander-in-Chief.

Ergo, when we make our individual choice for president, ideology and character mean more than personality!

Trust when I say that the issues that mean the most to you as a voter will be dissected, briefed, hashed, and rehashed in a way that a president, regardless of his or her age, can make a decision that aligns with their ideology and character. Lest we forget that in my childhood, Ronald Reagan was already struggling with Alzheimer’s and by the end of his second term, his cabinet secretaries, his vice president George H.W. Bush, their advisors, and even First Lady Nancy Reagan were running

the Executive Branch on a daily basis during the most fragile and frigid final days of the Cold War with the Soviet Union.

Now, if the Reagan administration could prosper with an almost literal puppet sitting in the Oval Office, a second Biden administration could prosper as well considering that he doesn’t have Alzheimer’s like Reagan— or any form of dementia— but like ALL of us over 50, from time to time, he forgets a date, a name, or the venue of an event—even when he remembers that the date, the name, or the event took place.

Which, again, means that while many of us may prefer a younger person in the White House, seeing that such choices are not available this year, we must choose based upon which elder will best serve America at home and abroad for the next four years. Our final decision, indeed, will say more about “us” and our values than it will about these two elder statesmen.

Chuck Hobbs is a freelance journalist who won the 2010 Florida Bar Media Award and has been twice nominated for the Pulitzer Prize for Commentary.

Page 12 • February 19, 2024 - February 25, 2024 • Insight News

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