Insight ::: 12.25.2023

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Insight News • December 25, 2023 - December 31, 2023 • Page 1

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Insight News

December 25, 2023 - December 31, 2023

Vol. 50 No. 52• The Journal For Community News, Business & The Arts • insightnews.com

A Decade Without

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Page 2 • December 25, 2023 - December 31, 2023 • Insight News

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Insight News • December 25, 2023 - December 31, 2023 • Page 3

Insight News

INSIGHT NEWS IS AUDITED BY THE ALLIANCE FOR AUDITED MEDIA TO PROVIDE OUR ADVER TISER PAR TNERS WITH THE HIGHES T LEVEL OF MEDIA ASSURANCE.

December 25, 2023 - December 31, 2023

Vol. 50 No. 52• The Journal For Community News, Business & The Arts • insightnews.com

Chief author Rep. Cedrick Frazier applauds Appeals Court ruling against Mille Lacs County judge’s effort to undermine Restore the Vote legislation

David McGee and Greg Cunningham, Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Diversity Officer for US Bank.

tpphotostudio

Says US Bank VP Greg Cunningham:

3rd Reconstruction, Black Renaissance underway

By Al McFarlane Editor Part 5 in a Series Greg Cunningham is Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Diversity Officer for US Bank. These are edited excerpts of remarks he made in a conversation with David McGee, CEO of Build Wealth Minnesota at the organizations Black Men’s Legacy Summit II last fall.

Greg Cunningham: We launched Access Commitment in February of 2021 because US Bank really wanted to understand

how we could play a pivotal role in closing wealth disparities in this country.

As a financial institution, we have a unique responsibility to make a difference in these communities by investing not only in organizations, but in making people-based investments.

The real business case for what we call Diversity, Equity & Inclusion (DEI) is this prospect of driving inclusive growth through innovation. I think that’s what inclusive growth looks like. It’s tying the work of DEI to the business goals, tying the work of DEI to the business strategy, setting very specific goals.

The reason US Bank decided to focus on closing the wealth gap is because it’s something all of us should care about. Wealth disparities in this country are bad for all of us. It prevents all of us from reaching our full potential.

And so if we’re ever going to reach our potential as a nation, as a community, as an organization, we can’t afford to have inequities. We can use our core competencies to do well while also doing good at the same time.

I think what people care are the tangible examples, the real life examples of small businesses, of individuals and families that we are helping

Damon Jenkins, senior vice president and Twin Cities regional market president sought a new location for his business that was destroyed in the unrest following the killing of Floyd. Johnson, a U.S. Chamber of Commerce Business of the Year honoree, met with Jenkins at FIB’s East Lake Street home office.

During the meeting, he learned about the Cummins CARE – First Independence Bank small business loan program.

“Securing the funding allowed me to expand our footprint.

Levels is now located in the Mall

overwhelmed with joy and gratitude by the court’s decision. This victory belongs to the countless Minnesotans who fought for the Restore the Vote law, to the organizations that championed its passage, and to Attorney General Ellison for his unwavering commitment to protecting our democracy. It is a testament to the power of collective action and a reminder that even in the

FRAZIER

4

David McGee: How did we get here? How do we get out of here? How do we get out of this place as Black men?

You work for the fifth-largest bank in the world.

LEGACY SUMMIT 4

First Independence Bank and Cummins CARE partner to support Twin Cities small Black-owned businesses a crucial role in bringing this program to fruition,” said Jason Stanford, Cummins director of Digital Product Management.

A May 2023 comprehensive Brookings study, “Who is driving Black business growth? Insights from the latest data on Black-owned businesses points to an upward trend since before COVID and the murder of George Floyd.

FIB leadership believe the Cummins small business lowinterest loan partnership is contributing to the success.

Since opening in the spring of 2022, FIB has provided the Twin Cities region BIPOC owned businesses with access to resources that will help the businesses to scale up and expand.

“Our goal is to contribute to systemic change which leads to financial wellness in the region. We anticipate the unique partnership between the bank and Cummins will continue yielding positive results and increasing the financial footprint of a business such as Levels,” said Damon Jenkins, senior vice president and Twin Cities regional market president.

Twin Cities entrepreneur Daniel Johnson

Chief author Rep. Cedrick Frazier

and supporting in meaningful ways. And so we’re going to continue to focus on sharing those stories. We’re going to continue to focus on supporting those organizations and individuals who are doing the work on the ground because at the end of the day, this is about changing outcomes. It’s about moving systems towards progress and equity.

Creating racial equity with the goal of leveling the field by offering low interest rate loans

First Independence Bank Twin Cities (FIB) and Cummins Advocating for Racial Equity (CARE) are partnering to provide low interest rate loans to small Black-owned businesses.

A Twin Cities business – Levels – rebuilt and expanded with locations in the Mall of America and Rochester’s Apache Mall as a result of the program.

Cummins leadership says the company has a deeply rooted history of fighting for social justice, serving its communities and living the company’s core values of diversity and inclusion. In October 2020, the company launched Cummins Advocating for Racial Equity (CARE) so Cummins could take a leading role in the work to dismantle systemic discrimination against the Black community in the U.S. “It has been a great experience partnering with First Independence Bank to provide low-interest rate loans to Black-owned businesses in the Twin Cities. It is exciting to witness the positive impact that the Cummins CARE program is having on the community. Damon Jenkins, who understands the region, was deeply engaged, and had

Minnesota Attorney General Keith Ellison last week successfully overturned a rogue judge’s attempt to disenfranchise voting rights of Minnesotans with felony convictions. The Restore the Vote law, chief authored by Rep. Cedrick Frazier (DFLNew Hope), automatically restores voting rights to people convicted of felonies once they complete their prison sentences.

This bill restores voting rights for those convicted of a felony who have been released from prison but are still on parole or probation. Over 55,000 Minnesotans who were previously disenfranchised will now be able to exercise their right to vote.

Rep. Cedrick Frazier, celebrating the Minnesota Court of Appeals decision, said, “As the author of the Restore the Vote law, I am

Jason Stanford, Cummins director of Digital Product Management of America and the Apache Mall in Rochester,” said Johnson, who is the founder and owner of Levels. “We transitioned from a pop-up retailer to occupying several thousand square feet in a world-class mall.”

About Bank

First

Independence

Established in 1970, First Independence Bank is the seventh largest Black-

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BUSINESSES 5

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Reiko Ho

Reiko Ho: Celebrating our cultural stories The Children’s Theatre Company (CTC) production of The Carp Who Would Not Quit and Other Animal Stories

by Reiko Ho and the Honolulu Theatre for Youth Ensemble, will run from January 16-February 18, 2024 at CTC’s Cargill Stage, 2400 3rd Ave S, Minneapolis, MN 55404.

Opening Night is Saturday, January 20, 2024 at 7:00 p.m.

The Carp Who Would Not Quit and Other Animal Stories is an energetic and interactive retelling of traditional fables from Japan and Okinawa. Through artful puppetry and three imaginative actors, the play features a grateful crane, a wonderfully generous mouse, and an industrious rabbit who teaches everyone to do the mochi dance!

“We are thrilled to welcome The Carp Who Would Not Quit and Other Animal Stories to our stage,” says CTC Artistic Director Peter C. Brosius. “You will be transported by the music,

puppetry and wonderful audience interaction. You will learn words and phrases in Japanese and sing along with the talented cast. Get ready to go on magical journeys, laugh along with the characters and amazing animals and thrill to the warmth and creativity of the cast. I can’t wait to share these tales with you all.”

“This show was a joy to create, and we are thrilled to be sharing it with audiences at CTC,” says Playwright/Director Reiko Ho. “Celebrating our cultural stories is one of the most important things I do as a theatre maker. I’m delighted to adapt a few of my own favorite childhood stories for the stage and introduce some of the beautiful performance traditions and aesthetics of Japanese and Okinawan culture to a new generation of young people and families.”

The Carp Who Would Not Quit and Other Animal

HO 5

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Do you eat with your eyes, your gut or your brain? A neuroscientist explains how to listen to your hunger during the holidays

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Page 4 • December 25, 2023 - December 31, 2023 • Insight News

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Business In its November 2023 meeting, the city welcomed the following new employees In the Administration Department  Ifrah HashiCommunity Engagement Specialist who brings almost 8 years of public health experience.

A University of Massachusetts graduate, Hashi’s skill set features public health promotion.  Chris XiongCommunity Engagement Specialist who has worked closely with the Minneapolis community members for over 9 years.  Matt Hayes-ReganProgram Assistant III in the Planning Division has moved from the private sector to start his public service career. HayesRegan will support the work of the planning commission and help with customer service in Brooklyn Park.  Cheryl KeeneFinance Assistant I - has lived in Minnesota all her life and has previously worked as a health

unit coordinator.  Wanita WilliamsFinance Assistant I - has worked as an accountant for 15 years and has over 25 years of clerical, accounting, and bookkeeping experience.  Allison YangFinance Assistant I - worked as an accounting clerk in a law firm and has worked as a seasonal worker in Brooklyn Park in finance for under a year.  Cameron AdamsPolice Cadet - previously worked as a correctional officer.  Pablo CentenoDetention Officer - previously worked for 2 years at the Arizona Department of Corrections.  Hunter GreicarPolice Cadet - worked as a security company supervisor and corrections officer.  Asher Kromschroeder - previously worked at Target.  Wildjy Sunelprogram Assistant II previously interned in Brooklyn

Park returns as as a Parks and Recreation employee.

In other Council business, Tim Pratt, the city’s recycling manager, reported on increases of the recycling fees for households in 2024:  Curbside cleanup contract extension- to begin on January 1, 2024, $0.30 to cover the increased costs  Curbside recycling contract, which started on July 1, 2023, $0.40 to cover increased costs The recycling utility service charges for single families will go up to $5.25/ month ($15.75/quarter), an increase from the current $4.55/month ($13.65/quarter).

Multifamily households that are currently paying $9.30 per quarter will continue paying the same rates come 2024.

Other fee increases for residences include:  Water meter accuracy

Ifrah Hashi

Chris Xiong

Matt Hayes-Regan

testing- from $75.00 to $150.00 Mayor Hollies Winston proclaimed November as Native American Indian Heritage Month in Brooklyn Park. He said there are 6.79

million Native Americans, translating to 2.09% of the United States population.

Minnesota is home to 58,000 native Americans. This year’s theme was Celebrating Tribal

Sovereignty and Identity.

Native Americans have contributed to Minnesota’s economy, history, and culture, he said.

The Twin Cities metro area collects enough recyclables each year to equal the weight of about four large cruise ships

Campaign seeks to dispel myths about recycling Questions about what happens to recycling after it leaves homes have been increasing over the years. Six metro counties are working together to restore trust in Minnesota’s recycling system with this united message: In Minnesota, recycling exists.

With the upcoming holidays bringing an increase in waste, Carver, Dakota, Hennepin, Ramsey, Scott and Washington counties want residents know that recycling is real and it works.

In Minnesota, recycled items become new products, locally and regionally, when recycled properly.

Minnesota recycling facilities collect, sort, process and manufacture items made from the bottles, boxes and other containers residents put in their home recycling bins every day.

Glass bottles and jars are sorted by color in Saint Paul.

Clear glass is sent to Shakopee to make bottles for drinks, pickles, salad dressing and more.

Plastic milk and laundry detergent jugs are made into durable decking, fencing and landscaping products in Paynesville, and plastic drink bottles and produce containers are made into new plastic

Legacy Summit

forge the relationship with US Bank. US Bank doesn’t have a good history, a good track record. Banks don’t. They have denied us. They’ve kept us from a lot of things, and so we want to do something different.

We want to stop whining about it and be about it.

What’s on your heart today about Black men and how do we get out of here, Greg?

From 3 A lot of times we wonder what the bank can do for us, but what can we do to get and build relationships and hold you accountable as a banker to help us and use resources to begin to help us Black men move from here?

I told you I made a commitment that I was going to

Greg Cunningham: Banks were complicit

INSIGHT NEWS www.insightnews.com

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Uchechukwu Iroegbu Lou Michaels Roy Lewis - Washington D.C.

Editor-In-Chief Al McFarlane

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North, Minneapolis,

bottles in Wisconsin and Ohio.

Recycled paper and cardboard are made into cereal and cracker boxes in Saint Paul.

Recycled food cans are made into new products like wire, and parts for cars and appliances in the Midwest.

Local efforts to recycle and reduce waste save energy, protect resources and support about 78,000 jobs in the state. Annually, the Twin Cities metro area recycles an average of 900,000 tons of paper and cardboard, metal, glass and plastic.

Learn more at RecyclingExists.com.

in creating wealth disparities in this country and therefore have a real unique responsibility.

This is the Third Reconstruction that this country is going through.

Obviously after emancipation, we went through Reconstruction. In March of 1865 President Lincoln starts the Freedmen’s Bureau, which starts the Freedman’s Bank, and we all know how that ended.

The Second Reconstruction, I consider the period around the civil rights area in 1950’s and 1960’s.

I think we’re in the middle of the third one, and I think somewhere from 2020 to about 2040, 2050 will be an important time for us and an important time for the future of this country.

I went to college in Atlanta. Coretta Scott King was one of the people who lived nearby, and I had an opportunity to hear her speak a lot. She said something that really stuck with me. She said, “They killed my Martin once he started talking about the money.”

When Dr. King started the Poor People’s Campaign, he wasn’t just talking about poor Black people, he was talking about poor people in general. So he was bringing poor white people, poor Black people, indigenous people together, and they were like, “We can’t have that. We can’t have these communities coming together.” And so unfortunately it led to his tragic death.

We pledged to invest over a hundred million in Black owned businesses and communities across the country. The important thing that all of you and all of us can do is to hold organizations

Frazier From 3 face of adversity, the voices of the people can and will prevail.

Voting is the cornerstone

accountable to what we said we were going to do.

I’m happy to say that we since 2020, we’ve actually invested almost 500 million towards that pledge. But the number is not important.

What’s important is what are the actual outcomes? Are we actually creating jobs? Are we actually helping get capital in the hands of small businesses?

I think this Third Reconstruction elevates the notion of building wealth, making sure that organizations, banks, financial institutions are part of a financial ecosystem.

We don’t only need large banks, we need CDFIs, we need credit unions, we need Blackowned banks, as you know well, David, five banks here in the Twin Cities, US Bank, Wells Fargo, Bank of America, Huntington and Bremer got together to bring the first Blackowned bank to the Twin Cities, First Independence Bank which now has two branches.

People ask, “Isn’t First Independence competition?” No, they’re not actually. And even if they were, the important thing is what’s good for the community. All of the banks need to check their logos at the door and say, what does the community need? Because everybody can’t do business with the US Bank because of our credit policies and the regulatory environment that we’re in. Everybody can’t go to US Bank to get a loan.

So how can we continue to support them? We can refer you to a First Independence.

We can refer you to a CDFI. And that’s the responsibility, David, that large organizations have. It’s not always... Too often executives in these c-suites are too quick to

say no without figuring out how do we get to yes. Maybe I can’t help you, but let me refer you to another organization that we might be providing resources to that actually can help you.

This is where banks have failed. We don’t need a bank; we need a banker. You need a relationship with a person.

I am not really in the business of giving advice to people, but I guess there are a couple of things I think about, David, that work for me personally.

Number one is just educating myself. It’s just educating myself as much as possible on any discipline that I’m involved in. I’m going to educate myself to the nth degree, I’m going to burn the midnight oil, and I’m going to be as knowledgeable as anybody in the room. So I think that’s number one.

Number two, we got to take care of what we put in our bodies because if we put garbage in, it just means we’re going to spend more money on healthcare. So we got to take care of our physical as well as our financial health. I believe very strongly in family, there is nothing greater. And I think as Black men, one of the things that we carry uniquely is that responsibility and that desire to do everything we can to make sure that we have a family structure around us and that we advance our family. Family is first and everything for me.

Environment and resiliency are also really important. Who do you surround yourself with? If you are around nine broke people, I guarantee you’re probably the 10th. And so environment is really important. Surround

yourself with people who will lift you up, who will support your dreams, who can help provide advice and counsel.

We’re the most resilient people in the history of the world. And if this time calls for nothing, it calls for a great deal of resiliency and just never giving up. I know we all get tired. The lights went out, we get tired, and it’s okay to feel fatigue, but we got to have stamina in this work. You just have to have an incredible amount of stamina and persistence and determination to not only lift yourself up, but to bring the community with you.

That is so core and so central to who we are.

We’re one of the few people, communities who actually put community first. Our success is actually tied to the success of the community.

We are in the middle of a Black Renaissance.

Next year is the hundredth anniversary of the Harlem Renaissance, which was that period in the 1920’s when we reclaimed our humanity.

There was a reason. We were just not declaring it for people here, but we were declaring to the world that we were human beings, that we were dignified, we were educated, we were educators, and we were artists, and we were painters, and we were elected officials. We were all of it. We were all of it.

And so I am personally using that moment, the hundredth anniversary of our Black Renaissance as another pivotal moment. And I’m going to use every canvas I possibly can paint on including US Bank, because the Renaissance has to be underwritten too.

of our democracy, and I am committed to amplifying every Minnesotan’s voice to ensure they are heard and represented.”

Judge Matthew M. Quinn of Mille Lacs County had attempted to undermine the Restore the Vote law by issuing orders barring people convicted of felonies from voting, even

though they had completed their sentences. However, Attorney General Ellison successfully challenged these orders in court, arguing that they were unconstitutional and an abuse of judicial power.

The Minnesota Court of Appeals ultimately agreed with Attorney General Ellison,

and Judge Quinn’s orders were overturned. This means that the Restore the Vote law continues to stand, and people with felony convictions who have completed their prison sentences will be able to vote in Minnesota.

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Insight News • December 25, 2023 - December 31, 2023 • Page 5

Businesses

Equal Housing Lender. Learn more at firstindependence.com.

From 3

About Cummins Inc. Cummins Inc., a global power technology leader, is a corporation of complementary business segments that design, manufacture, distribute and service a broad portfolio of power solutions. The company’s products range from internal combustion, electric and hybrid integrated power solutions to components including filtration, aftertreatment, turbochargers, fuel systems, controls systems, air handling systems, automated transmissions, electric power generation systems, microgrid controls,

owned commercial bank in the United States. Headquartered in Detroit, Michigan, with locations in Minneapolis, Minnesota, it offers a variety of services including account management, mortgages, personal loans, consumer education and investments. First Independence is committed to serving the business and community financial needs with convenient banking solutions available online or by mobile app. First Independence Bank is a member of the FDIC and an

Ho From 3 Stories will play from January 16-February 18, 2024 at CTC’s Cargill Stage (2400 3rd Ave S, Minneapolis, MN 55404).

Opening Night is Saturday, January 20, 2024 at 7:00pm.

Tickets may be purchased online at childrenstheatre.org/ carp or by calling the Ticket Office at 612.874.0400. Ticket

prices start at $15 for kids and $25 for adults.

The performers for The Carp Who Would Not Quit and Other Animal Stories includes Serina Dunham, Mattea Mazzella, and Hermenigildo Tesoro, Jr. In addition to Reiko Ho and The HTY Ensemble, the creative team for The Carp Who Would Not Quit and Other Animal Stories includes Mattea Mazzella (Original Music), Iris Kim (Set and Costume Design), Chesley Cannon (Lighting

batteries, electrolyzers and fuel cell products. Headquartered in Columbus, Indiana (U.S.), since its founding in 1919, Cummins employs approximately 73,600 people committed to powering a more prosperous world through three global corporate responsibility priorities critical to healthy communities: education, environment and equality of opportunity. Cummins serves its customers online, through a network of company-owned and independent distributor locations, and through thousands of dealer locations worldwide and earned about $2.2 billion on sales of $28.1 billion in 2022. Learn more at cummins.com.

Design), Eric West (Puppet and Prop Design/Technical Director), and Sarah Danvers and Hermenigildo Tesoro Jr. (Additional Props).

The Disproportionate Impact of Long COVID on African Americans: Why Us Again?

The African American Child Wellness Institute Cordially Invites you to Join us for our Weekly Podcast:

Conversations with Al McFarlane Live: The Healing Circle

Followed by the Monthly Virtual Long COVID19 Recovery Room Town Hall & Support Group

Ticket Information Tickets to The Carp Who Would Not Quit and Other Animal Stories may be purchased online at childrenstheatre.org/carp or by calling the Ticket Office at 612.874.0400. Ticket prices start at $15 for kids and $25 for adults.

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MADIBA......MANDELA.......A DECADE WITHOUT YOU Special for Insight News

By Jesus Chucho Garcia Translated from Spanish

by Yoji Senna

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Page 8 • December 25, 2023 - December 31, 2023 • Insight News

Souly Speculative Sharing Our Stories

By: W.D. Foster-Graham Book Review Editor SOULY SPECULATIVE

By J. Darnell Johnson As African American authors, in the realm of fiction we are represented in every genre, including science fiction and fantasy. LGBT author Samuel Delany is one of our trailblazers in this arena, and now Afrofuturism is gaining prominence in this mix.

Already an amazing storyteller and children’s novelist, J. Darnell Johnson combines all of the above in his short story collection Souly Speculative, with intriguing illustrations by Eleazar Enejo.

His collection of six short stories gives us past, present, and future, legends and the universe of “What if?”

Science fiction and fantasy has given authors freedom to express truths about the human condition as well as injustice, which Johnson does with incredible skill: In “Murda,” Jamaican maroons (slave refugees) witness the landing in a swamp of what appears to be an alien being called Murda. In their ongoing battle against the British army, they see Murda as a way to help them conquer the British while they bring him into their fold. Or is he?

“One to the Other” takes us back to the 1970s, with Pearl insisting on meeting boyfriend Jack’s family, something Jack is reluctant to do. He finally relents and brings her to meet them over the Thanksgiving weekend. Little does she know that Jack is doing his level-best to shield her from the “others” that occupy the

J. Darnell Johnson house (Note: the address of the house is a chilling omen of what lies within).

“Sit Com” takes place in 2035 with a visit by Senator Clemens to the White House. With a vote pending on the Senate floor for reparations to African Americans, the curious white senator takes a seat on an unusual throne in the President’s Situation Room— the Sit Com. In a clever twist on “A Christmas Carol,” through the Sit Com, three souls are sent to Senator Clemens in order to influence his vote, armed with the realities of history and a future.

“Just Due” takes us to 3033 and entitled power couple Tina and Donn Meticulux.

Their greed knows no bounds, and they will stop at nothing to get what they want. When a Nigerian merchant offers to sell them an entire universe after they were swindled by another merchant, the power-hungry couple jumps at it. Be careful what you wish for…

“The Egg” introduces us to the Moses brothers, a world-renowned African American space family owning a private space agency known

as Black Star Water. In 2053, the brothers embark on a mission to the ocean of Europa. Could it be that there are life forms we know nothing about there?

“Dark Chaser” tells the story of Mr. Applewhite, a paranoid white farmer in the deep South who goes to extreme measures to keep critters and people away from his apple trees. Convinced that the Black children of a neighbor are stealing his apples, he creates an unusual scarecrow to keep them away. The supernatural results, however, prove that karma is indeed a “witch with a capital B.” Johnson’s stories draw readers and listeners in and keep them both engaged and invested. As I read them, I could picture a group of people gathered around in a circle as he shares these stories with the wisdom and flair of a griot.

Souly Speculative is available through the Minnesota Black Authors Expo website (www.mnblackauthorsexpo. com) Thank you once again, James, for your wonderful gift as a storyteller and a wordsmith.

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Insight News • December 25, 2023 - December 31, 2023 • Page 9

Insight 2 Health Do you eat with your eyes, your gut or your brain? A neuroscientist explains how to listen to your hunger during the holidays to shape their food-related decision-making, including when and where to eat and which foods they prefer.

These findings also suggest that feelings of hunger and the detection of nutrients is not restricted to the stomach.

They also involve areas of the brain important for regulation and homeostasis, such as the lateral hypothalamus, as well as centers of the brain involved in learning and memory, such as the hippocampus.

By Alex Johnson Associate Professor of Behavioral Neuroscience, Michigan State University The holiday season is upon us, and with it, opportunities to indulge in festive treats.

The proverbial saying “you eat with your eyes first” seems particularly relevant at this time of year.

The science behind eating behavior, however, reveals that the process of deciding what, when and how much to eat is far more complex than just consuming calories when your body needs fuel. Hunger cues are only part of why people choose to eat. As a scientist interested in the psychology and biology that drives eating behavior, I’m fascinated with how the brain’s experiences with food shape eating decisions.

So how do people decide when to eat?

Eating with your eyes Food-related visual cues can shape feeding behaviors in both people and animals. For example, wrapping food in McDonald’s packaging is sufficient to enhance taste preferences across a range of foods – from chicken nuggets to carrots – in young children.

Visual food-related cues, such as presenting a light when food is delivered, can also promote overeating behaviors in animals by overriding energy needs.

In fact, a whole host of sensory stimuli – noises, smells and textures – can be associated with the pleasurable consequences of eating and influence food-related decisions. This is why hearing a catchy radio jingle for a food brand, seeing a television ad

InspirationGP/iStock via Getty Images

The particular stressors of the holiday season can make it difficult to listen to your body. for a restaurant or walking by your favorite eatery can shape your decision to consume and sometimes overindulge.

However, your capacity to learn about foodrelated cues extends beyond just stimuli from the outside world and includes the internal milieu of your body. In other words, you also tend to eat with your stomach in mind, and you do so by using the same learning and brain mechanisms involved in processing foodrelated stimuli from the outside world. These internal signals, also called interoceptive cues, include feelings of hunger and fullness emanating from your gastrointestinal tract.

It’s no surprise that the signals from your gut help set the stage for when to eat, but the role these signals play is

more profound than you might expect.

Trust your gut Feelings of hunger or fullness act as important interoceptive cues influencing your decisionmaking around food.

To examine how interoceptive states shape eating behaviors, researchers trained laboratory rats to associate feelings of hunger or satiety with whether they receive food or not. They did this by giving rats food only when they were hungry or full, such that the rats were forced to recognize those internal cues to calculate whether food would be available or not. If a rat is trained to expect food only when hungry, it would generally avoid the area where food is available

when it feels full because it does not expect to be fed.

However, when rats were injected with a hormone that triggers hunger called ghrelin, they approached the food delivery location more frequently. This suggests that the rats used this artificial state of hunger as an interoceptive cue to predict food delivery and subsequently behaved like they expected food.

Interoceptive states are sufficient to shape feeding behaviors even in the absence of external sensory cues. One particularly striking example comes from mice that have been genetically engineered to be unable to taste food but nevertheless show preferences for specific foods solely by caloric content. In other words, rodents can use internal cues

What happens in vagus The gut-brain axis, or the biochemical connection between your gut and your brain, shapes feeding behaviors in many ways. One of them involves the vagus nerve, a cranial nerve that helps control the digestive tract, among other things.

The vagus nerve rapidly communicates nutrient information to the brain.

Activating the vagus nerve can induce a pleasurable state, such that mice will voluntarily perform a behavior, such as poking their nose through an open port, to stimulate their vagus nerve.

Importantly, mice also learn to prefer foods and places where vagal nerve stimulation occurred.

The vagus nerve plays an essential role in not only communicating digestive signals but also an array of other interoceptive signals that can affect how you feel and behave. In people, vagal nerve stimulation can improve learning and memory and can be used to treat major depression.

Benefits of interoceptive awareness Your body’s capacity to use both external and internal cues to regulate how you learn and make decisions about

food highlights the impressive processes involved in how you regulate your energy needs.

Poor interoceptive awareness is associated with a range of dysfunctional feeding behaviors, such as eating disorders. For instance, anorexia may result when interoceptive signals, such as feelings of hunger, are unable to trigger the motivation to eat. Alternatively, the inability to use the feeling of fullness to dampen the rewarding and pleasurable consequences of eating palatable food could result in binge eating.

Your interoceptive signals play an important role in regulating your daily eating patterns. During the holidays, many stressors from the outside world surround eating, such as packed social calendars, pressures to conform and feelings of guilt when overindulging. At this time, it is particularly important to cultivate a strong connection to your interoceptive signals.

This can help promote intuitive eating and a more holistic approach to your dietary habits.

Rather than fixating on external factors and placing conditions on your eating behavior, enjoy the moment, deliberately savor each bite and provide time for your interoceptive signals to function in the role they are designed to play.

Your brain evolved to sense your current energy needs. By integrating these signals with your experience of your food environment, you can both optimize your energetic needs and enjoy the season.

Alexander Johnson receives funding from the National Institute of Health This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license.

How do pacemakers and defibrillators work? A cardiologist explains how they interact with the electrical system of the heart

By Virginia Singla Clinical Assistant Professor of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh Your heart’s job is to keep your pulse steady to pump blood throughout your body.

Sometimes your heart rate is slower when you’re relaxing, and sometimes it’s faster when you’re exercising or stressed.

If your heart’s ability to keep the beat starts to go awry, cardiac electrophysiologists like me look for outside help from an implantable device.

There are two common implantable devices for the heart: artificial pacemakers and defibrillators. Artificial pacemakers keep blood and oxygen flowing during times of stress. Defibrillators are devices that detect dangerously fast heart rates and deliver shocks like those used during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, also known as CPR, to restart the heart.

Understanding how these devices work requires appreciating how the heart’s electrical system works and the weak links that cause malfunctions.

The heart’s natural pacemaker system Abnormally slow heart rates result from breakdowns in two principal areas of the heart.

First, the sinoatrial, or SA, node sets your “resting” heart rate, usually somewhere between 60 and 100 beats per minute. This is the base effort needed to circulate enough blood to sustain normal bodily function. Elevated levels of certain hormones circulating in the body, such as adrenaline and serotonin, can increase heart rate above resting levels.

Trained athletes frequently have a lower resting heart rate due to extra physical conditioning.

Like any other muscle, the heart becomes stronger with

training. Because their heart functions more efficiently, athletes require fewer heart beats overall to circulate blood.

The atrioventricular, or AV, node is the second key area of the heart’s electrical wiring. The atrioventricular node takes information about how fast the heart is beating from the sinoatrial node and relays it to the ventricles, the muscular portions of the heart that allow it to pump blood to the rest of the body.

When the atrioventricular node breaks down, the ventricles don’t receive the electrical signal from the sinoatrial node instructing them to “pump,” or create a heartbeat. This causes heart rate to become dangerously slow.

When heart rate is too slow If resting heart rate is abnormally low or fails to increase with hormonal changes, pacemakers can help keep blood and oxygen circulating at a healthy rate.

Both the SA node and the AV node naturally slow with age, but sometimes this happens at an accelerated pace and leads to abnormally slow heart rates. Slow heart rates can also be caused by other diseases, including thyroid problems and Lyme disease.

In these cases, slow rates are treatable without a pacemaker.

A common pacemaker system has a battery and two wires that can send and receive electrical signals. One wire rests near the sinoatrial node, and the second in one of the heart’s ventricles.

If the wire near the sinoatrial node doesn’t detect any electrical activity over a set time, the pacemaker’s battery will send an impulse to the ventricle to initiate an electrical signal. Within fractions of a second, the wire in the ventricle should detect that electrical activity. If an impulse is detected, this signifies that the AV node conducted the

signal correctly to the rest of the heart, and the pacemaker does not activate. If the wire doesn’t receive this signal, the battery delivers an impulse through the wire directly to the ventricle, causing the muscle to contract and initiate a heartbeat.

The heart’s muscle will only contract in response to a pacemaker impulse if the muscle is otherwise healthy.

Pacemakers do not keep patients alive if the heart shuts down, such as during a massive infection, blood clot or kidney failure. Pacemakers simply keep the heart rate in a comfortable range if the primary problem in the heart is electrical.

Doctors program a pacemaker’s software so the resting pulse doesn’t drop below a certain rate, commonly 50 to 60 beats per minute. If the resting rate is set at 60 beats per minute, the pacemaker will wait exactly one second before initiating an electrical pulse. The heart’s pulse rate can be higher than this number if the sinoatrial node initiates a heartbeat naturally. If the pacemaker detects activity from the sinoatrial node, it will reset its timer for another full second.

Modern pacemakers also contain sensors to predict whether the heart may benefit from a faster heart rate under certain circumstances. For example, pacemaker batteries contain accelerometers like those used in pedometers to detect if a person is in motion.

If these sensors activate, the pacemaker can raise its minimum rate like how the heart would normally respond to exercise. Sensors can also detect if a person begins to breathe more quickly or if the heart begins to contract more powerfully, all signs normally associated with increases in heart rate.

When heart rate is too fast Like pacemakers, a cardiac defibrillator comes with a battery and wires that record the heart’s rate. But instead

Randy Faris/The Image Bank via Getty Images

Electrocardiograms, or ECGs, record the electrical activity of your heart. of treating slow heart rates, defibrillators are programmed to detect fast heart rates, usually in the range of 200 beats per minute. Heart rates in this range are often caused by ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation, which are potentially lethal heart rhythms resulting from the lower chamber of the heart beating too quickly or quivering.

Certain people are at elevated risk for these types of rhythm disturbances.

Many cases of “sudden death” in athletes and other young people are either suspected or proved to be related to ventricular fibrillation.

Defibrillators deliver internal shocks to the heart when their sensors detect either ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. These shocks stop the heart for a fraction of a second to give the sinoatrial node a chance to resume its normal activity.

These shocks can be painful, so doctors usually also prescribe medications or other procedures to help prevent needing the shocks in the first place.

A defibrillator is like a seatbelt: It is reassuring to have, but ideally it never needs

to be deployed.

Beyond the surgery Pacemakers and defibrillators do require some maintenance. Certain settings, such as how low the pacemaker will allow the pulse to go, can be adjusted over time. Doctors have computers that can communicate with the devices and alter their programming. Some devices use Bluetooth technology.

The battery cannot be recharged and must be replaced, generally after six to 10 years.

Battery life depends on how frequently the heart requires the pacemaker to initiate heartbeats.

Pacemaker wires occasionally need to be replaced if they fracture or if the insulation wears down after years of bending with each heartbeat. On rare occasions, pacemaker parts are recalled. Usually these parts do not require replacement but may require special attention.

More frequent checkups of the electrical “health” of the devices are usually prescribed for early detection of any problems with battery life or wire failures.

Pacemakers and defibrillators are always changing, in part to keep

up with medical and nonmedical technologies.

With cloud-based management systems that make medical information available to doctors in real time, security has become a major focus of modern pacemaker software.

Other medical technologies such as MRIs can change how pacemakers and defibrillators work if not handled carefully – MRIs create electromagnetic impulses that cardiac devices can misinterpret as heartbeats. Modern devices are engineered with these factors in mind, but still require careful programming for these special circumstances.

When used correctly, pacemakers and defibrillators improve both quality of life and life expectancy. While teams of engineers design these small machines, they rely on doctors knowing who will benefit from this technology and how to program the software to best serve each specific patient and scenario.

Virginia Singla consults for Medtronic.

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license.

Page 10 • December 25, 2023 - December 31, 2023 • Insight News

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Commentary

The Ordway

The Ordway: Not my Abuela’s Peter Pan Insight News

Commentary by Carmen Robles Opening night of The World Premier reimagined version of Peter Pan was a transformational journey into a wonderland of 21st century imagination.

The incredible stage props, costumes and digital graphics were an on-stage ‘Star Wars’ journey extravaganza. A far cry from the original 1950’s (Mary Martin) and 1990’s The Hook (Robin Williams) this Ordway production ignited the imagination of audience members, young, old, and inbetween. It was an opening night of all opening nights

that rival any opening night throughout the world’s musical stages.

The streets leading to the pristine front doors of the Ordway Theater were peppered with lights signifying the holiday season and end of 2023.

Greeters dressed in uniforms of days gone by, welcomed each and every guest, creating an atmosphere of elegance. Much like the Wizard of Oz’s scene when Dorothy and her cohorts entered the Emeral City, the Ordway doors opened into a world of magic. Volunteers everywhere, helping patrons with any and all of their needs including escorting them to their seats, in the 1,190-seat music theater.

The theater was abuzz with guests from every age group imaginable. Testament to Peter Pan’s declaration “I Won’t Grow Up!”, many dressed in their holiday sparkly best, me

included.

Kicking off the show’s 50-city tour Ordway President and CEO Chris Harrington gave a warm welcome with brief accolades to production crews, orchestra, a cast of 24 diverse actors, sponsors, and read a Dakota Land Acknowledgement statement, setting the stage for the roller coaster of a ride this 21st century Peter Pan was about to unveil.

The Overture and Prologue were uplifting, creating a sense of anticipation and brought us into the home of the Darlings. Peter Pan’s search for his shadow with Tinker Bell’s help touched a warm spot in my heart, taking me back to the Peter Pan of yesteryear.

‘I’m Flying’ (Peter Pan, Wendy, John, and Michael) was a breathtaking digital graphics explosion that had the audience howling in excitement, bringing the house down!

Peter Pan (Nolan Almeida), Wendy (Hawa Kamara), Captain Hook (Cody Garcia), Tiger Lily (Raye Zaragoza), Smee (Kur Perry), the Croc, Pirates, Lost Boys hypnotizing performances adding to the delicious, age-old story line.

The diversity within the cast, highlighted the nuance of equality and equity within the arts. A beautiful moment, indeed. Peter Pan has come a long way! I am confident my Abuela (grandmother) would have LOVED this updated version of a timeless story.

“Dreams do come true, if we only wish hard enough.” Sir James M. Barrie author of ‘Peter Pan’.

It seems only fitting that St. Paul’s extraordinary Ordway Musical Theater was host to this imaginary extravaganza. Peter Pan is at the Ordway through December

31st, 2023, go to https://ordway. org/ for more information.

PETER PAN FUN FACTS: 1905 – A woman played Peter Pan in the first Broadway version leading to the gender-bending casting tradition 1954- The first fulllength musical production starred Mary Martin as Peter Pan. 1991-Robin Williams portrayed Peter Pan in the liveaction film Hook, directed by Steven Spielberg, also starring Dustin Hoffman as Captain Hook and Julia Roberts as Tinker Bell.

ABOUT THE ORDWAY: The Ordway is nestled in the magical historical corner of downtown St. Paul. It is surrounded by: The Landmark Center, Ramsey County’s home

for arts and history, a cultural center for music, dance, theater, exhibitions, public forums, and hosts countless special events.

Saint Paul Hotel a landmark hotel which was built in 1910 during the “First Great Age” of skyscraper construction.

St. Paul Athletic Club which opened in 1917.

The breathtaking George Latimer Central Library which traces its earliest beginnings to 1856. In 2014 Mayor Chris Coleman and the Saint Paul City Council renamed Central Library in honor of George Latimer who served as Saint Paul Mayor from 1976 to 1990.

The Ordway overlooks Rice Park, Saint Paul’s first public space in 1849 and is known as the Winter Carnival’s Ice Sculpture Park.

Page 12 • December 25, 2023 - December 31, 2023 • Insight News

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