Intermediate Phase Grade 6 • Facilitator’s Guide
Social Sciences: Geography CAPS IEB
Social Sciences Facilitator’s guide: Geography
2006-E-SOS-FG02
Í4&È-E-SOS-FG025Î
Grade 6
CAPS aligned
E van Emmenes
G06 ~ Social Sciences: Geography
Contents
Lesson elements.......................................................................................................................................... 5 Preface............................................................................................................................................................ 6 Introduction................................................................................................................................................. 6 Timetable and time management......................................................................................................... 7 Assessment requirements....................................................................................................................... 7 Study tips and methods............................................................................................................................8 Other useful information ........................................................................................................................8 Year plan........................................................................................................................................................ 9 Unit 1: Map skills......................................................................................................................................11 Lesson 1: Hemispheres on a globe........................................................................................................................ 11
Activity 1......................................................................................................................................................................11
Lesson 2: Longitudes and latitudes on a globe................................................................................................ 12
Activity 2..................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Lesson 3: Finding countries and cities by longitude and latitude........................................................... 12
Activity 3..................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Unit 2: Scales..............................................................................................................................................13 Lesson 6: How to measure straight line distances between cities.......................................................... 13
Activity 4..................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Unit 3: Atlases, global statistics and current affairs.....................................................................14
Lesson 7: How an atlas works.................................................................................................................................14 Activity 5..................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Lesson 9: The world’s most important characteristics................................................................................ 15 Activity 6..................................................................................................................................................................... 15 Revision exercise.................................................................................................................................................... 16
Unit 4: Why people trade.......................................................................................................................17 Lesson 11: Exports and imports between South Africa and the world.................................................18
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Facilitator’s Guide
Unit 5: Resources and their value.......................................................................................................19
Lesson 13: The value of raw materials and manufactured goods............................................................19
Lesson 14: Case study: Where chocolate comes from..................................................................................20 Activity 7....................................................................................................................................................................20
Unit 6: Fair trade.......................................................................................................................................21 Revision exercise.....................................................................................................................................................21
Unit 7: Climate across the world..........................................................................................................24
Lesson 16: The earth’s climates..............................................................................................................................24
Unit 8: Tropical rainforests...................................................................................................................25
Unit 9: Deserts...........................................................................................................................................26 Unit 10: Coniferous forests....................................................................................................................27 Revision exercise.................................................................................................................................................... 27
Unit 11: South Africa’s provinces and people .................................................................................29 Activity 8..................................................................................................................................................................... 29
Activity 9.....................................................................................................................................................................30
Unit 12: Why people live in specific places......................................................................................31 Unit 13: People across the world.........................................................................................................32 Bibliography...............................................................................................................................................33
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G06 ~ Social Sciences: Geography
Learning objectives What learners should
know at the end of the
lesson according to CAPS requirements.
Lesson elements
Important terminology
Tips
New terminology to assist
Any information other
with the understanding of the subject as part of the lesson.
than the content, to guide learners through the learning process.
Activity Define Definitions of concepts to understand the content.
Questions to complete to
test learners’ knowledge of the completed lesson.
For the curious Encouragement to do
in-depth research about the content. Expand the
activity and exercise to such an extent that learners are
encouraged to explore. For gifted learners: expanded
Core content
Study/Revision
Emphasise the core of
Time spent studying the
the content; in-depth
explanation of a specific section of the lesson;
learners must understand
content at the end of the
unit and to prepare for a test or examination.
exercises. For Learners with Special Educational Needs
(LSEN): Explain the need to
complete the basic questions to achieve a pass mark.
this content.
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Facilitator’s Guide
Preface
Recommended book It is important to buy an atlas.
The Oxford Primary Atlas for South Africa is an excellent series
of atlases that are fully revised for the CAPS curriculum. It equips learners with all the content and skills needed to excel at
mapwork in Grades 4 to 7.
ISBN: 9780199070374
Oxford Primary Atlas for South Africa
Introduction This guide is for the facilitator only, not learners. This guide is to be used with the study guide for Grade 6. Therefore, all the lesson information is in the study guide. The answers to the
activities are provided in this guide, although there are some activities with no specific answer.
It will be pointed out under each such activity.
Try to have a conversation with learners about the lesson before working through it. Talk about the topics in general to test the learners’ existing knowledge.
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G06 ~ Social Sciences: Geography
Timetable and time management
According to CAPS, learners should spend 3 (three) hours per week on Social Sciences. A term
of 10 weeks therefore gets 30 hours. The time allocation for History is therefore 15 hours per
term of 10 weeks and Geography also 15 hours per term of 10 weeks. As a result, learners must spend 1½ hours per week on Geography, but you will find that some tasks take less time than
others.
Assessment requirements
The recommended assessment programme is as follows: Term 1
Term 2 Term 3
Term 4
History Geography History Geography History Geography History Geography
Test Test Assignment and examination Assignment and examination Project Assignment Examination Examination
Continuous
assessment 75%
November
examination 25%
Information on the project will be communicated to facilitators by e-mail and the subject forum.
Tasks may include:
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
Give short answers to questions.
Write paragraphs.
●
Do research and write down a few
●
Listen and make notes.
●
answers).
●
sentences.
Read and summarise.
●
Answer questions (short and longer
●
Complete question and answer sheets.
●
Record observations. Set questions.
Make charts/graphs and labels.
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Match, sort, list, describe and compare texts, graphs, maps, photos, pictures.
Make connections between cause and effect.
Identify similarities and differences. Read, complete and/or draw maps.
Work with data.
Find and work with sources.
Compare cross-referencing and information.
Provide explanations.
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Facilitator’s Guide
Codes and percentages for recording and reporting Code 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Description of competence Outstanding achievement Deserving achievement Significant achievement Sufficient achievement Average achievement Basic achievement Not achieved
Study tips and methods
Percentage 80 – 100 70 – 79 60 – 69 50 – 59 40 – 49 30 – 39 0 – 29
Learners can use a mind map to remember the information they learn. A mind map has the
main object in the middle with many side branches with main headers. The table of contents can come in handy here.
Keep this mind map handy every time you do a new lesson and keep it up to date. It reduces the number of summaries just before the examinations.
There is an activity at the end of every lesson to help learners understand the content of the lesson. Go through the activities with learners in preparation for their examinations.
Every activity must be completed as thoroughly as possible and the questions must be answered in full sentences.
Other useful information
Get an atlas for learners if possible. Atlas skills are very important in Geography. Maps of your local area are handy for mapwork.
Where possible, use reliable sources on the internet. Many organisations and projects provide
useful information online. Compare different websites to see if factual content corresponds.
Google Earth has good aerial photographs.
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G06 ~ Social Sciences: Geography
Year plan
Keep the following in mind when planning your year:
●
Be realistic and flexible
● ●
Keep your other subject timetables in mind
Allow for enough time to study for tests and examinations
Term
Unit and lesson
Date started
Date completed
Unit 1: Map skills Lesson 1: Hemispheres on a globe
Lesson 2: Longitudes and latitudes on a globe Lesson 3: Finding countries and cities by longitude and latitude Unit 2: Scales
1
Lesson 4: What is a scale?
Lesson 5: Different types of scales Lesson 6: How to measure straight line distances between cities
Unit 3: Atlases, global statistics and current affairs
Lesson 7: How an atlas works
Lesson 8: South Africa’s provinces in an atlas
Lesson 9: The world’s most important characteristics Revision exercise
Unit 4: Why people trade
2
Lesson 10: Trade as an exchange of goods Lesson 11: Exports and imports between South Africa and the world Lesson 12: What people trade in – goods and skills Unit 5: Resources and their value
Lesson 13: The value of raw materials and manufactured goods Lesson 14: Case study: Where chocolate comes from Unit 6: Fair trade
Lesson 15: Fair and unfair trade Revision exercise
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Facilitator’s Guide Unit 7: Climate across the world Lesson 16: The earth’s climates Unit 8: Tropical rainforests
3
Lesson 17: The location of tropical rainforests on Earth Unit 9: Deserts Lesson 18: The location of deserts on Earth
Unit 10: Coniferous forests Lesson 19: The location of coniferous forests on Earth Revision exercise Unit 11: South Africa’s provinces and people
4
Lesson 20: Population distribution and density Unit 12: Why people live in specific places
Lesson 21: Reasons for settlements’ locations Unit 13: People across the world
Lesson 22: Population distribution across the world
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Unit 1
Map skills
Learning aims After completing this unit, learners must be able to do the following: ● ● ● ● ●
Understand and work with a variety of resources – including maps, data and pictures.
Use and draw maps.
Identify and extract information from texts, atlases and other resources, including visual resources like pictures.
Work with data and statistics in the form of graphs, tables and diagrams. Check information by using the various resources.
Introduction
Help learners to understand the differences between a globe and a map. Talk about the keys we get in everyday life, for example the sign of a man on a door. The symbol says that only men are
allowed there and not ladies. Think of a few more examples and discuss these with the learners.
Lesson 1 Hemispheres on a globe
Activity 1 1.
Northern hemisphere
3.
Western hemisphere
5.
Equator
2.
4.
6.
Southern hemisphere
Eastern hemisphere
Greenwich Meridian
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(6 × 1) = [6] 11
Facilitator’s Guide
Lesson 2 Longitudes and latitudes on a globe
Activity 2 1.
2.
3.
4.
Southern and eastern hemispheres
(2)
Northern and western hemispheres
(2)
Southern and eastern hemispheres
(2)
Southern and western hemispheres
(2)
[8]
Lesson 3 Finding countries and cities by longitude and latitude Activity 3 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
12
60° N 120° W
6.
0° 40° O
20° N 80° O
7.
40° S 60° W
60° N 120° O
10.
20° S 40° W
20° S 20° O
40° N 0°
8.
9.
40° N 100° O
20° N 100° W
(10 × 1) = [10]
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Unit 2
Scales
Learning aims After completing this unit, learners must be able to do the following: ● ● ● ● ●
Understand and apply the concept of scale.
Identify different scale sizes of maps.
Know what a line scale is and how to use it.
Know what a word scale is and how to use it.
Measure straight line distances between cities on a South African map as well as on a world map.
Introduction
Learners will work with scales on maps. Show them that 1 cm on a ruler can depict anything
they want to use. Learners can draw a floor plan of their bedrooms, indicating only the larger
furniture. Now measure with the ruler, for example, how far the bed is from the cupboard, let’s
say 1 m. Now draw the floor plan with the bed and cupboard 1 cm apart. Scale shows us how
to depict large objects on a smaller scale. Now 1 cm on the drawing represents 1 m in reality.
Lesson 6 How to measure straight line distances between cities
Activity 4 1.
5½ cm = 880 km
2.
4½ cm = 720 km
5.
5 cm = 800 km
3.
4.
6 cm = 960 km
5½ cm = 880 km
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(5 × 1) = [5]
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Unit 3
Atlases, global statistics and current affairs
Learning aims After completing this unit, learners must be able to do the following: ● ● ● ●
●
Understand the different types of information in an atlas. Understand how information in an atlas is organised.
Locate your province in an atlas as well as the information a map provides about a province.
Identify the world’s three longest rivers, highest mountains, largest deserts, largest forests, largest oceans, largest cities (population) and largest countries
(area).
Identify and discuss current events or places in the news on a map.
Introduction
An atlas is needed for this unit. Go through an atlas with the learners and point out interesting
features. Play a game with the learners when the lessons of unit 3 are completed. For example, ask them to look up a map of Limpopo or to find the page with the world’s rivers, etc.
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