Ieema Journal may 2017

the leading electrical & electronics monthly

VOLUME 8 z ISSUE NO. 9 z MAY 2017 z PGS. 136

ELECRAMA 2018 Launched

Shri Suresh Prabhu, Hon’ble Union Minister for Railways and Shri Piyush Goyal, Hon’ble Minister for State (IC) for Power, Coal, New and Renewable Energy and Mines at ELECRAMA-2018 Launch

METERING INDIA 2017

Inaugural session of METERING INDIA 2017

Face to Face ELECRAMA 2018 will not be a mere Exhibition, we promise it to be an EXPERIENCE - Mr Vijay Karia, Chairman, ELECRAMA 2018 Cover Story METERING INDIA 2017 A catalyst of change in the Indian Energy Metering Industry IEEMA Event Grand announcement of ELECRAMA 2018

ISSN 0970-2946 z Rs. 100/-

May 2017

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From the President’s Desk

Dear Friends, Power sector in India is at the cusp of a major transformation. The Present government’s focus on smart cities, rapid urbanization, largest capacity addition of renewables in the world, electric vehicles, micro grids and consumers becoming generators are some of the factors driving the electricity landscape in India, PDNLQJ LW PRUH FRPSOH[ WKDQ HYHU EHIRUH 7KHUHIRUH LQFUHDVLQJ HIÀFLHQFLHV LQ electricity is of utmost importance for the Country and it is imperative to digitize WKH HQWLUH HOHFWULFLW\ YDOXH FKDLQ WR WXUQ LW LQWR HIÀFLHQW DQG VXVWDLQDEOH RQH Going Digital is now a priority for most operators in India. Companies are digitizing essential functions within their internal vertical operations processes DQG DUH IRFXVHG RQ GULYLQJ ERWK UHYHQXH JURZWK DQG RSHUDWLRQDO HIÀFLHQFLHV For an emerging economy like ours, with a very strong focus on the growth agenda, it is only natural that electrical equipment sector will leverage the technological breakthroughs for building its digital ecosystem. This will enable WKHP QRW RQO\ WR GULYH HIÀFLHQF\ LPSURYHPHQWV DFURVV WKH YDOXH FKDLQ DQG LQFUHDVH UHYHQXH EXW DOVR DGG VLJQLÀFDQW YDOXH WR WKH HQG FRQVXPHU ,Q WKH ÀHOG RI HQHUJ\ PHWHULQJ ZKHUH DGYDQFHG SURGXFWV DUH IDVW UHSODFLQJ WKH conventional ones, Smart Meters can be a real game changer in the long run.

IEEMA organized a two day seminar on Smart Meters – METEREING INDIA 2017‌‌towards smart and sustainable utilities. It was a great platform to the relevant stakeholder to gain through the cumulative sectoral expertise and make a difference within their own operational areas from a sustainability standpoint.

ELECRAMA-2018 is all about complete digital experience. In this edition, you will see participation from new segments and genres like Power Electronics, Electro-mobility and Power Storage which have never been experienced before.

The launch event received huge participation from the electrical industry and was graced by Shri. Suresh Prabhu, Hon’ble Union Minister for Railways and Shri. Piyush Goyal, Hon’ble Minister of State (IC) for Power, Coal, New and 5HQHZDEOH (QHUJ\ VHQLRU RIÀFLDOV IURP WKH *RYHUQPHQW RI ,QGLD 8WLOLWLHV 'LSORPDWV Senior Industry representatives, and various other dignitaries.

The 13th ELECRAMA edition, scheduled from 10th – 14th March 2018, promises an experience like no other in terms of size, enhanced venue, newer segments DQG YHUWLFDOV WKDW UHà HFW WKH FKDQJLQJ VFHQDULR DQG DQ DOO RXW GLJLWDO H[SHULHQFH from booking to visitor engagements. This ELECRAMA will be a new and different experience with concurrent shows revolving around technology and business.

I urge all the readers to be a part of this ELECTRICAL REVOLUTION !

Sanjeev Sardana

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Samvaad...

Dear Members, IEEMA had engaged recently with the Hon’ble Railway Minister and subsequently met the Railway Board and found that the new leadership is trying to address the serious challenges of the mammoth called Indian Railways.

Indian Railways has had decades of under investment leading to overstretched LQIUDVWUXFWXUH DQG VWUDLQHG ÀQDQFLDO KHDOWK FRXSOHG ZLWK ODFN RI FXVWRPHU IRFXV and organisational rigidity.

Indian Railways plan to accelerate the capital investment and build a robust infrastructure, while connecting India with emphasis on safety.

7KH ÀJXUHV EHLQJ WDONHG DERXW DUH PLQGERJJOLQJ LQYHVWPHQW RI 5V ODNK &URUHV LQ \HDUV ,QFUHDVLQJ VSHHG RI WUDLQV DQG LQWURGXFWLRQ RI VHPL KLJK speed trains along the golden quadrilateral. Modernizing more than 100 stations WR ZRUOG FODVV VWDQGDUGV DFKLHYLQJ SXQFWXDOLW\ 7KH 5DLOZD\V KDV DOVR plans to liberalize the freight sector and improve ease of doing business for freight customers.

Indian Railways is keen to look at new designs, new materials and new VSHFLÀFDWLRQV LQ WKHLU HOHFWULFDO LQIUDVWUXFWXUH IRU ZKLFK WKH\ KDYH LQYLWHG ,((0$ VR DV WR EULQJ LQ HIÀFLHQF\ DQG LQFUHDVH VDIHW\ DQG UHOLDELOLW\ WR LWV RSHUDWLRQV We will be forming a joint task force with the Railway Board for this purpose, opening new business opportunities for our Membership.

We seek inputs from you on how new materials, technology and design in \RXU SURGXFWV UHOHYDQW WR WKH 5DLOZD\V FDQ LPSURYH WKH HIÀFLHQF\ UHOLDELOLW\ and safety for Railways.

Sunil Misra

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Contents

the leading electrical & electronics monthly

Volume 8 Issue No. 9 May 2017 CIN U99999MH970GAP014629 2IÀFLDO 2UJDQ RI ,QGLDQ (OHFWULFDO (OHFWURQLFV 0DQXIDFWXUHUV· $VVRFLDWLRQ Member: Audit Bureau of Circulation & The Indian Newspaper Society

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From the President’s Desk 7

Samvaad 14

Face to Face

Mr Vijay Karia, Chairman, ELECRAMA 2018 speaks to IEEMA Journal about the 12th edition of ELECRAMA 2018 which is aimed to give new direction and new meaning to ‘Electricity’

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Cover story

Analysis

Metering India 2017

SWOC analysis of smart energy metering system

The 7th edition of Metering India VHPLQDU ZDV ÁDJJHG RII RQ $SULO 6 at Hotel Le Meridian, New Delhi.

The chief guest of the Conference were Governor of Punjab, Shri VP Singh Badnore. Other dignitaries present on the occasion were Shri RK Verma, Chairperson CEA, Ms. Ritu Maheshwari, CEO RECTPCL, Mr. Richard Schomberg, Chairperson – System Committee, Smart Energy, IEC.

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IEEMA Event

Appointments

ELECRAMA 2018 announcment

Smart meters are advanced energy meters which can measure the usage of electrical energy along with extra information in comparison to conventional energy meters. Design of smart meters based on the needs of the utilities as well as the customers.

A variety of features and technologies are incorporated with smart meters.

This new space in the IEEMA Journal will incorporate recent important appointments in the power and related sectors.

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Case Study

Featured

In Focus

Energy metering system among power players – special smart metering solution

Substation Monitoring Through Smart DT Meters

Challenges in Implementation of Smart Grid and Smart Metering – The Indian Context

At present the integrated power system are getting involved with GLYHUVLÀHG EXVLQHVV LQ HQHUJ\ VHFWRU and in need of quality, reliable and secured supply system. The energy SOD\HUV VRPHWLPHV IDFH GLIÀFXOWLHV on the calculation of the energy delivered, consumed or transacted in the system due to lack of proper agreement and metering schemes.

To make electric utilities sustainable, it is necessary to make them smart to reduce AT & C losses. And to reduce AT & C losses, it is necessary to implement the smart grid and smart metering.

Introduction with IS 16444 in place, we are in the new era of smart meters. With smart meters the power and metering industry is about to get a massive revamp for consumer PHWHULQJ 7KH VSHFLÀFDWLRQ IRU CT operated consumer metering DUH SRVLWLRQHG WR EH ÀQDOL]HG LQ short time.

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Innovation 6LowPan - Key to Sustainable Smartness

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Distribution Management

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Energy conservation through NEW Decentralized self healing solution for Distribution Grid Automation: A must need of Indian Distribution Utilities

Guest Article

Major faults and outages on power GLVWULEXWLRQ V\VWHP KDYH D VLJQLÀFDQW economic and social impact and the availability & reliability of supply becomes a more and more important issue. Hence outage times should be as short as possible.

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Expert Speak

Journey towards sustainable growth with energy security, and global tracking framework: case of hybrid project

Towards Smart and Sustainable Utilities

Communication, Infrastructure And Technology- The German Approach One of the most important trends of RXU WLPH LV 'LJLWL]DWLRQ 'LJLWL]DWLRQ is also the top theme of the energy Industry and Power utilities, of course, it is one of the basic requirements for the implementation of an intelligent electricity grid to increase the use of renewable energies and make the production and consumption more.

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In Depth 67

Expert Speak

Meter Data Management

Analytics

and

May 2017

Automating the Governance of Single Phase Energy Meter

by Merging Cryptography and IOT

6LowPAN as a standard has been very effectively instrumental in addressing the growing need and numbers of cloud connected nodes and their Low Power PAN network.

Especially in domains like Smart meter and Smart cities where the number of nodes will be very high along with a critical data and control exchange happening in regular intervals, 6LowPAN appears to be the key to connect all the nodes.

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Opinion Before Leaping into the Smart Grid...

A smart grid is the integration of information and communications technology into electric transmission and distribution networks. Today, the electricity supply industry is suffering with an unprecedented array of challenges, ranging from demandsupply gap to rising power costs.

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Smart Metering

International News

Drivers For Smart Metering In India

&KLQD ,QGLD OHDG $VLD 3DFLÀF energy M&A deals in 2016 Sembcorp’s renewable energy arm wins 250 MW wind power project in India

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National News In India the main constraints for optimum energy management system are energy pilferage, WDPSHUHG PHWHUV DQG LQHIĂ€FLHQW billing system. Most of this can be UHFWLĂ€HG E\ XVLQJ VPDUW HQHUJ\ meters.

*RYHUQPHQW HOHFWULĂ€HV RYHU 13,000 villages out of 18,452 Power Purchase Agreement for Rewa Ultra Mega Solar Power Project signed

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Corporate News 102

Solutions Present Traction Metering Schemes– Issues and Solutions

Editorial Board Advisory Committee Founder Chairman Mr R G Keswani

Chairman Mr Sanjeev Sardana

Members Mr Sunil Misra Mr Naveen Kumar Mr Mustafa Wajid Mr Vikram Gandotra Mr Vijay Karia Mr Sunil Singhvi

Sub Editor Ms Shalini Singh

Advertisements Incharge Ms Vidya Chikhale

Circulation Incharge Ms Chitra Tamhankar

Statistics & Data Incharge Mr Ninad Ranade

Designed by: 5HĂ HFWLRQV Processed at: India Printing Works

5HJG 2IĂ€FH 0XPEDL 501, Kakad Chambers, 132, Dr A Besant Road, Worli, Mumbai 400 018.

Phones: +91(0) 22 24930532 / 6528 Fax: +91(0) 22 2493 2705 Email: mumbai@ieema.org &RUSRUDWH 2IĂ€FH 1HZ 'HOKL 5LVK\DPRRN %XLOGLQJ )LUVW Ă RRU 85 A, Panchkuian Road, New Delhi 110001.

Phones: +91 (0) 11-23363013, 14, 16 Fax: +91 (0) 11-23363015 Email: delhi@ieema.org %UDQFK 2IĂ€FH %HQJDOXUX

BHEL commissions 2 units at Maharashtra thermal power project

204, Swiss Complex, 33, Race Course Road, Bengaluru 560 001.

Phones: +91 (0) 80 2220 1316 / 1318 Fax: +91 (0) 80 220 1317 Email: bangalore@ieema.org

Cabinet approves the “Signing DQG 5DWLĂ€FDWLRQ RI 0R8 IRU Establishment of the BIMSTEC Grid Interconnectionâ€?

%UDQFK 2IĂ€FH .RONDWD 503 A, Oswal Chambers, 2, Church Lane, Kolkata 700 001.

Phones: +91 (0) 33 2213 1326 Fax: +91 (0) 33 2213 1326 Email: kolkata@ieema.org Website: www.ieema.in

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SME TALK Traction system in transport sector has been considered as the mainstay due to its various advantageous factors like better performance, economical maintenance cost and mass group transfer.

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Technology Metering beyond utilities: Energy Metering in Data Centers

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Power Scenario Global Scenario Indian Scenario

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IEEMA Database Basic Prices & Indices Production Statistics

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ERDA News 133

Index to Advertisers

Articles: Technical data presented and views expressed by authors of articles are their own and IEEMA does not assume any responsibility for the same. IEEMA Journal owns copyright for original articles published in IEEMA Journal.

Representatives: Guwahati (Assam) - Nilankha Chaliha Email: nilankha.chaliha@ieema.org Mobile: +91 9706389965 Lucknow (U.P. and Uttarakhand) Ajuj Kumar Chaturvedi Email: anuj.chaturvedi@ieema.org Mobile: +91 9839603195 Chandigarh (Punjab & Haryana) Bharti Bisht Email: bharti.bisht@ieema.org Mobile: +91 9888208880 Jaipur (Rajasthan) Devesh Vyas Email: devesh.vyas@ieema.org Mobile: +91 8955093854 Bhubaneshwar (Odisha) Smruti Ranjan Samantaray Email: smrutiranjan.samantaray@ieema.org Mobile: +91 9437189920 Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh) Jesse A Inaparthi Email: jesse.inaparthi@ieema.org Mobile: +91 9949235153 6ULQDJDU -DPPX .DVKPLU

Mohammad Irfan Parray Email: irfan.parray@ieema.org Mobile: +91 9858455509

For subscription queries write to: chitra.tamhankar@ieema.org

Edited, Printed and published by Mr Sunil Kumar Misra on behalf of Indian Electrical and Electronics Manufacturers’ Association, and Printed at India Printing Works, India Printing House, 42, G. D. Ambekar Road, Wadala, Mumbai 400 031 and Published at 501, Kakad Chambers,132, Dr. Annie Besant Road, Worli, Mumbai 400 018.

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Face2Face

ELECRAMA 2018 will not be a mere Exhibition, we promise it to be an EXPERIENCE- Mr Vijay Karia Mr Vijay Karia, Chairman, ELECRAMA 2018 speaks to IEEMA Journal about the 12th edition of ELECRAMA 2018 which is aimed to give new direction and new meaning to ‘electricity’

ELECRAMA 2018 is announced please share with our readers how it’s going to be different from last editions There have been 12 editions of ELECRAMA prior to this one. And each of them have been slightly better than the previous one. ELECRAMA, over the years has been a torchbearer of the Electrical industry in India, and is today the largest Electrical exhibition in the world. From WKH ÀUVW HGLWLRQ LQ ,((0$¡V SUHVWLJLRXV à DJVKLS event for decades has witnessed changes of the industry very closely. In one way or another ELECRAMA has always stayed relevant to the industry, to its needs and the challenges being faced. (/(&5$0$ WKLV WLPH ZLOO XQGHUJR D FRPSOHWH GLJLWDO transformation and will be full of surprises for all the visitors, exhibitors and stakeholders. We are looking to transform the look and feel of the entire exhibition, and this fact would not have been lost on the various invitees, who witnessed the grand launch of Elecrama in New Delhi RQ WK $SULO (/(&5$0$ ZLOO KDYH ÀYH GD\V RI H[KLELWLRQ VWDUWLQJ IURP WK ² WK 0DUFK DW ,(0/ 1RLGD :H ZLOO showcase new discussion forums and will have people from various related segments across the globe marking WKHLU SUHVHQFH IRU WKH ÀUVW WLPH RI WKH DXGLHQFH will be from segments which were never present on WKLV IRUXP EHIRUH OLNH 3RZHU (OHFWURQLFV (OHFWUR 0RELOLW\ and Power Storage. In addition to the World Utility 6XPPLW (/(&5$0$ KDV DOVR LQWURGXFHG WKH :RUOG Contractors Consultants and Channel Partners Congress : & ZKHUH UHSUHVHQWDWLYHV IURP DFURVV WKH ZRUOG ZLOO integrate and build relations with the Indian supplier VHJPHQW *OREDO (OHFWULFDO (TXLSPHQW 0DQXIDFWXUH¡V 6XPPLW *(06 D JOREDO SODWIRUP ZLOO EH FUHDWHG IRU WKH ÀUVW WLPH IRU WKH HOHFWULFLW\ HTXLSPHQW PDQXIDFWXULQJ sector to engage and collaborate to strengthen the industry roots further. A fresh and progressive step in this \HDU¡V (/(&5$0$ LV DOVR LQFOXGLQJ WKH \RXQJ JHQHUDWLRQ LQ WKLV DJH ROG LQGXVWU\ WKURXJK ( 7HFK 1H[W ,W LV D VWDUW XS SDYLOLRQ EHLQJ LQWURGXFHG IRU WKH ÀUVW WLPH LQ DVVRFLDWLRQ with TIE and NASSCOM.

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7KURXJK (/(&5$0$ ZH DLP WR JLYH QHZ GLUHFWLRQ DQG QHZ PHDQLQJ WR œHOHFWULFLW\¡ ,W ZLOO QRW EH D PHUH Exhibition, but we promise it to be an EXPERIENCE.

How much India has been advanced in the usage of renewable energy? &XUUHQWO\ ,QGLD¡V HQHUJ\ FRQVXPSWLRQ LV H[SHFWHG WR JURZ E\ DQQXDOO\ IDVWHU WKDQ DQ\ PDMRU HFRQRPLHV DFURVV WKH ZRUOG $V D UHVXOW ,QGLD¡V VKDUH RI JOREDO HQHUJ\ GHPDQG ZLOO LQFUHDVH PDMRUO\ 5HQHZDEOH HQHUJ\ sector has come a long way from being a luxurious source of electricity to an essential source of electricity.

Government slowly changing its role from being a regulator to facilitator is commendable. The target for UHQHZDEOH HOHFWULFLW\ JHQHUDWLRQ RI *: VHW E\ WKH JRYHUQPHQW E\ LV DQ DPELWLRXV RQH EXW KDV RSHQHG lots of innovative options to adapt renewable energy as a main source of electricity.

2Q WKH WHFKQRORJ\ IURQW WKHUH DUH VLJQLĂ€FDQW DGYDQFHPHQWV being made such as the MNRE promoting R&D of EDWWHU\ RSHUDWHG YHKLFOHV %29 WKURXJK WKH DOWHUQDWLYH fuel for Surface Transportation Programme. Recently WKH $XWRPRWLYH 5HVHDUFK $VVRFLDWLRQ RI ,QGLD $5$,

VXFFHVVIXOO\ WHVWHG OLWKLXP LRQ EDWWHULHV GHYHORSHG E\ WKH 9LNUDP 6DUDEKDL 6SDFH &HQWUH IRU XVH LQ WZR DQG WKUHH ZKHHOHUV 7KLV LQ WXUQ ZLOO SURPRWH ,QGLD¡V HOHFWULF vehicle programme, and this is an example of energy storage solution for clean energy.

What are the major attractions visitors can expect in this edition of ELECRAMA 2018? (/(&5$0$ ZLOO EH D SODWIRUP ZKHUH WKH ZRUOG RI HOHFWULFLW\ ZLOO PHHW WKH IXWXUH 7KH ÀYH GD\ ORQJ H[KLELWLRQ ZLOO EH VHHLQJ 3RZHU (OHFWURQLFV (OHFWUR 0RELOLW\ Automation and Power Storage as new entrants. The complete digital transformation will bring the exhibitors, VWDNHKROGHUV DQG YLVLWRUV QRW MXVW D SODWIRUP WR VKDUH WKHLU products but also provide them with solutions.

RI WKH DXGLHQFH ZLOO EHORQJ WR WKHVH QHZ VHJPHQWV and genres that one must have ever seen. The experience

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Face2Face

centers will be created which will showcase visualizations RI WKH IXWXUH VFHQDULRV XS FORVH JUDQXODU LQWHUDFWLRQ ZLWK ' PRGHOV YLUWXDO UHDOLW\ ERRWKV WR QDPH D IHZ ,W ZLOO DOVR PDUN DV D GHEXW RI WKH ÀUVW HYHU œ9LUWXDO ([SR¡ DW (/(&5$0$ An exclusive pavilion will be created that will feature the IXWXUH RI WHFKQRORJ\ IHDWXULQJ VWDWH RI WKH DUW VKRZFDVH of products and solutions. ( 7HFK 1H[W D QHZ DJH SODWIRUP LQ DVVRFLDWLRQ ZLWK 7,( and NASSCOMM will feature the next gen innovation in WKH ÀHOG RI HOHFWULFLW\ DQG ZLOO DOVR EH D PDMRU DWWUDFWLRQ for the young audience. World Contractors Consultants DQG &KDQQHO 3DUWQHUV &RQJUHVV : & *OREDO (OHFWULFDO (TXLSPHQW 0DQXIDFWXUH¡V 6XPPLW *(06 DQG ( 7HFK 1H[W DUH WKH IHZ QHZ LQWURGXFWLRQV LQ (/(&5$0$

What are the new technologies that the speakers will talk about in the forum?

7KH (OHFWULFDO ,QGXVWU\ KDV UHDFKHG DQ ,QĂ HFWLRQ SRLQW where new technologies are going to overpower the current businesses. It is no longer about Internet, but IOT and IIOT. We hope to showcase industrial automation solutions, and experts will guide industry as to how they can WUDQVIRUP WKHLU IDFWRULHV LQWR HIĂ€FLHQW SURGXFWLRQ XQLWV The problems of fuel linkages and generation are a thing of the past, and we need to now move on from there, to talk about how India can help transform the world. The world is becoming a much smaller place to operate in, and no industry can now work in isolation.

Electric vehicles and Electromobility will require a huge number of charging stations, which we do not have. With India showing intent to discontinue all fossil IXHO YHKLFOH SURGXFWLRQ E\ ZH QHHG WR KDYH WKH electrical industry geared up to take this challenge. We see production and product innovation to be a huge opportunity for the Industry.

Thus, the automotive industry, the software industry, the Electronics industry becomes a natural ally of the Electrical industry. We are also in the cusp of a unique opportunity, where we need to graduate technologically without passing through college!!!! We face blackouts, we face brownouts, we have huge power theft, and yet KDYH DERXW PLOOLRQ SHRSOH ZLWKRXW HOHFWULFLW\ %XW at the same time, are looking to embrace the latest technologies across the world.

In order to do this, we will require experts who have gone through this process. And these speakers will be helping us in understanding and bridging the gap between one end of the spectrum to the other.

India has a huge potential in terms of absorption of technologies, and with Digital India, Make In India and other programs of the Government helping push the industry, we will place India as a leader in this sphere.

It is no longer about Energy, The buzzword is Electricity.

It is no longer about generation. It is about consumption.

The focus is turning onto the consumer, and it is the duty of the Electrical industry to help support the Government in supplying affordable Electricity to each and every citizen of the country.

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What is your expectation on the presence of Indian SMEs in the ELECRAMA 2018? ,QGLDQ 6PDOO DQG 0HGLXP (QWHUSULVHV 60( VHFWRU KDV emerged to be highly vibrant and dynamic sector of the Indian economy in past few years. They not only play crucial role in providing large employment opportunities but also help in industrialization of rural areas as a result lifting the living standards. They are highly heterogeneous and work independently at local level and platform like ELECRAMA will help them know where the industry is headed and where they stand. This will also serve as a place for the large industries to collaborate with them and uplift them to develop further.

We have to understand that the Large scale segment cannot employ the huge number of people that will UHTXLUH MREV HYHU\ PRQWK 7KLV HPSOR\PHQW FDQ FRPH only through MSME segment as well as Entrepreneurship. ,Q (/(&5$0$ ZH ORRN WR KDYH VSHFLDO VXSSRUW IRU the MSME segment, and are looking to get subsidies for exhibitors, as well as look to have a special pavilion for this segment. This segment is most vibrant, in the sense that they can rapidly upgrade themselves if they understand the technologies that will be required tomorrow. They are also most susceptible to being weakened if they are not supported in terms of development and new ideas, as well as new connects. Elecrama provides them the platform of understanding technologies, as well as displaying their products.

What is your message to the potential participants of ELECRAMA 2018?

ELECRAMA is all about being relevant. We have been part of the big changes in the industry, as well as across the world. Being a part of ELECRAMA implies being a part of the new era of electricity. Both are synonymous to each RWKHU ,W LV QRW MXVW D SODWIRUP IRU H[KLELWRUV WR VKRZFDVH their products and innovations but an opportunity to get exposed to the innovations happening in the world of HOHFWULFLW\ JHQHUDOO\ JRLQJ XQ QRWLFHG LQ RXU GD\ WR GD\ lives.

We urge everyone to be part of this electricity revolution WR PDNH ,QGLD D *OREDO (OHFWUR &DSLWDO Any person, forget Company, who is in the allied industry of Electricity, cannot afford not to be part of this.

We are having special country pavilions, special Railway, Nuclear and Defence pavilions, as well as various concurrent conferences, where we expect people from RYHU FRXQWULHV WR SDUWLFLSDWH LQ D ELJ ZD\ :H KDYH received so much of interest in booking exhibition space, that we are sure that we will receive a unprecedented number of exhibitors and visitors. Our RBSM is being redesigned to make it more meaningful to the industry.

E Technext, Elecrama Plus, World Consultants and Contractors Congress, Global Electrical Equipment Manufacturers Summit, and of course the World Utility Summit are each by themselves such a huge attraction for the stakeholders.

All of these, alongwith the exhibition ELECRAMA is an unmissable proposition. Be there if you are to be relevant. Ć“

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APPOINTMENTS Mr Devendra Kumar Sharma appointed new BBMB chairman Devendra Kumar Sharma, managing director of Himachal Pradesh Power Corporation Limited,has been appointed as chairman of the Bhakra Beas Management Board (BBMB).The BBMB manages the release of water in Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan as it controls Bhakra, Pong and other dams. The post of chairman had been lying vacant since September 2015 and its temporary charge was given to member, irrigation, SK Sharma.

The appointment committee of the Union cabinet approved DK Sharma’s name, and the power ministry will issue a formal order soon. The appointment is for a period of three years on deputation from the date of assuming charge.

Mr SK Nanda appointed Director in Hudco *XMDUDW FDGUH ,$6 RIÀFHU RI WKH EDWFK 6 . 1DQGD former additional chief secretary, home, has been appointed director in Government of India’s Housing and 8UEDQ 'HYHORSPHQW &RUSRUDWLRQ +XGFR 1DQGD¡V UROH will be to help the corporation in long-term planning and strategy formation.

Mr VC Bhandari appointed Director (HR), Engineers India Ltd Mr Vipin Chander Bhandari, Executive Director, has been appointed as Director (HR) of the Engineers India /LPLWHG 1HZ 'HOKL

Mr AK Chaudhary gets extension as SAIL Director Mr A K Chaudhary has been given an extension of tenure for the post of Director (Finance) in the Steel Authority of India Limited till December 31, 2020.

Mr Utpal Bora appointed OIL CMD Mr Utpal Bora has been appointed as Chairman and Managing Director of Oil India Limited. Earlier he was the ([HFXWLYH 'LUHFWRU RI 21*&

Mr JC Nakra appointed Director (Projects), EIL 0U -DJGLVK &KDQGHU 1DNUD KDV EHHQ DSSRLQWHG DV Director (Project) for Engineering India Limited (EIL) for D SHULRG RI ÀYH \HDUV RU XQWLO IXUWKHU RUGHUV ZKLFKHYHU LV HDUOLHU 1DNUD ZDV VHUYLQJ DV ([HFXWLYH 'LUHFWRU (,/

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Application invited for Director (Finance), NEEPCO Ltd The Public Enterprises Selection Board (PESB) has invited application for the post of Director (Finance) in 1RUWK (DVWHUQ (OHFWULF 3RZHU &RUSRUDWLRQ 1((3&2

/LPLWHG IRU D SHULRG RI ÀYH \HDUV RU XQWLO IXUWKHU RUGHUV whichever is earlier. The last date of submission of DSSOLFDWLRQ LV 0D\

Mr AK Jha gets extension as Director, NTPC The tenure of AK Jha as Director (Technical) of the 1DWLRQDO 7KHUPDO 3RZHU &RUSRUDWLRQ /LPLWHG KDV EHHQ H[WHQGHG WLOO -XO\

Mr AK Aggarwal appointed Chairman, IESA Mr Ashwini K Aggarwal, Indian Director of Applied Materials, has been appointed as new Chairman of Indian electronics industry body -IESA.

UP Govt transfers several IAS officers ,Q D PDMRU EXUHDXFUDWLF UHVKXIĂ H WKH 8WWDU 3UDGHVK Government has transferred or kept in waiting several ,$6 RIĂ€FHUV $ORN 6LQKD KDV EHHQ DSSRLQWHG DV 3ULQFLSDO 6HFUHWDU\ ,QGXVWULDO 'HYHORSPHQW 15, 'HSDUWPHQW DQG &KDLUPDQ 12,'$ 5DM 3UDWDS 6LQJK DV $GGLWLRQDO &KLHI Secretary, Mining with additional charge of Member, Revenue Board and Anita C Meshram as Secretary, Child Development.

Bhuvnesh Kumar gets additional charge of the Secretary, Technical Education. Ranvir Prasad gets additional charge of Managing Director, UPSIDC and Uttar Pradesh Small Scale Industries Corporation and Commissioner, ,QGXVWULHV .DQSXUQDJDU 0ULW\XQMD\ .XPDU 1DUD\DQ KDV been appointed as Secretary to Chief Minister, Amod Kumar as Member (Judicial), Revenue Board, Pandhari Yadav as Member (Judicial), Revenue Board.

Amit Mohan Prasad gets additional charges of CEO, 12,'$ DQG *UHDWHU 12,'$ 1DYQHHW .XPDU 6DKJDO 'U Gurdeep Singh, Dimpal Verma, Amit Kumar Ghosh, Anita Singh, Dr Hariom, Deepak Agrawal, Vijay Kumar Yadav and Rama Raman have been kept on waiting.

May 2017

May 2017

27

THE WAIT IS OVER!

28

May 2017

ELECRAMA BOOKINGS OPEN!

The most awaited moment of the year is here.

ELECRAMA is now open for space booking.

As is the case with every edition, most of the space is sold within few weeks of opening.

Be wise, be early and beat the rush.

To make your life easier, we are now completely digital, check it out at www.elecrama.com

May 2017

29

CoverStory

From L to R Mr. Harish Agarwal, Vice President IEEMA, Mr. Sunil Misra, Director General IEEMA, Mr. Richard Schomberg, Chairperson – IEC SyC of Smart Energy, Mr. Jitendra Agarwal , Chairman, Meter Division, His Excellency Mr. V P Singh Badnore , Governor of Punjab and Administrator of Chandigarh UT, Mr. R. K Verma Chairperson, Central Electricity Authority

...Towards Smart and Sustainable Utilities IEEMA Energy Meter Division organized the 7th edition of Metering India on 6th and 7th April 2017 at New Delhi. The Seminar was first held in 2004, followed by editions in 2006, 2008, 2011, 2013 and 2015.

The Seminar was inaugurated

by His Excellency Mr. V P Singh Badnore, Governor of Punjab and Administrator of Chandigarh UT. Mr. R.K Verma, Chairperson (I/c), Central Electricity Authority graced the occasion as Guest of Honor.

Ms. Ritu Maheshwari IAS, CEO of RECTPCL addressed the delegates at the inaugural session and Mr. Richard Schomberg, Chairperson – IEC System Committee of Smart Energy delivered the Keynote address. Mr. Jitendra Agarwal, Chairman, Meter Division welcomed the dignitaries and delegates.

30

Opening Remark Ms. Manjushri Shah Metering India 2017 has touched the lives of around 500 delegates, largest for any technical seminar

Ms. Manjushri Shah, Convener-Metering India 2017, Organizing Committee

under IEEMA banner. We have in total 170+ organizations participating out of which almost 50 are state distribution utilities and agencies.

The Organizing Committee that made this happen is a combination of experts from the industry, central agencies, public and private distribution companies, The World Bank, test labs and other major stakeholders of the ecosystem.

Considering our vision of smartness and sustainability as a responsible event, we have leveraged electronic media to propagate the event. :H DUH ÀUVW LQ WKLV GLUHFWLRQ ZKHUH D VKRUW ÀOP ZDV PDGH RQ 0HWHULQJ India promotion, and usage of Kindle to view the pre-loaded seminar papers to avoid distribution of paper printed stationery.

May 2017

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Welcome address Mr. Jitendra Agarwal

Presidential Address Mr. Harish Agarwal

Keynote Address Mr. Richard Schomberg

Mr. Jitendra Agarwal Chairman, Meter Division

Mr. Harish Agarwal Vice-President, IEEMA

Mr. Richard Schomberg, Chairperson, System Committee Smart Energy, IEC

The organising committee has done a remarkable work, we received 70 paper out which we had to select only 21 papers which was itself a challenging task as all papers were very gooad.

It is extremely gratifying to know that the Energy Meters are living example of made in India.

We have total 23 Sponsors from across the Metering Industry, Semiconductor Industry , IT Solution Providers and Organisations associated to power Sector.

IEEMA Meter Division has around 50 members and we produce 25 million plus meters annually.

The best part of it is all these are end-to-end activity – design, development, production, testing.

Everything is done in-house.

Everything is done in India. We are truly 100% made in India.

Utilities today are adopting new technologies like prepayment meters, smart meters with two way communication, AMI solutions and so on. A few years back, there were only 3 or 4 utilities going for these technologies. But now almost 15 + utilities are already going for these kinds of latest technologies helping the overall improved scenario of power distribution sector.

The use of latest technology will help power distribution sector. Industry LV FRPPLWWHG WR IXOÀO WKH YLVLRQ RI Hon’ble Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi of providing 24x7 affordable electricity to all.

May 2017

On governance, we have witnessed VLJQLĂ€FDQW FKDQJHV LQ WKH UHFHQW years moving towards responsible responsive and transparent approach. The topmost leadership of the country under the leadership of Mr. Narendra Modi has a dream, a vision and a surprising amount of energy to push the change.

IEEMA has been working closely with the central government and institutions, the changes down the line are quite visible. I hope that this change in attitude, mindset and approach is translated into real action and delivery.

We see a connected future which is devoid of silos in various government departments. We are hopeful that our era will be remembered as the era of technology enablers which address the dimension of sustainability to the glamour called smartness

Smart Energy is highly relevant for India! Smart Energy initiatives have been blooming all over the world since 2001 with many different shapes and drivers. Smartness can be achieved through smart ICT, but also simply by smart design.

Technology is blazing forward at an unbelievable pace, but the complexity is rising very steeply!

The success of massive roll-outs will critically depend on system engineering skills and industrial strategy of highly seasoned players.

To realize the full potential of Smart Energy, Utilities need to modernize their infrastructures, improve RSHUDWLRQV DQG HQKDQFH HIÀFLHQFLHV ÀUVW ZLWK WKH XOWLPDWH JRDO WR PRUSK into customer-centric companies that can offer more value-added services to the end-consumers.

A strong Smart Metering infrastructure with robust advanced data management does form WKH IRXQGDWLRQ IRU Ă H[LELOLW\ DQG customer engagement. Beyond

Seminar Highlights ‘ 500 + Participants ‘ 170 Participating Organization ‘ 157 Participants from 49 utilities ‘ Participation form complete ecosystem of Energy Meters such as Utilities, Regulators, Consultants, Franchisees, Institutions, Testing Labs, System Integrators, IT Solution providers Meter Manufacturers and other Component Manufacturers.

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CoverStory

companies which were outstanding at almost 4 lakh crores, almost 2.5 lakh crores has been converted into low cost debts and taken off the books of discoms.

that, It is then enabling the full value RI D PRGHUQL]HG JULG EHQHĂ€WLQJ IURP digitalization, and decentralization.

The electricity meter is sitting at the cross roads of Smart Energy and therefore has become very critical. It is the tip of the iceberg. The major industrial challenge is the extreme complexity and deep impact in large scale deployment. Standardization is now a master key to take-up the challenge.

Utilities and investors need to procure sustainably for 20-40 years, large number of equipment from many vendors in competition.

This requires utilities to issue VSHFLĂ€FDWLRQV WKDW DUH GHWDLOHG enough to enable interoperability (or even interchangeability) but not too much in order to leave some freedom & space for vendors to keep innovating over time in competition for performance and cost. This requires utilities to apply deeply & early on System Engineering & Open international standards to preresolve complexities.

Sustainability for Utilities requires independence from any technology and vendor.

Harmonization of Standards/ 6SHFLĂ€FDWLRQV IRU GHYLFH OHYHO Interoperability across the Nation‌ can enable the “Make in India, Design In India and Innovate in India.

IEC is pioneering the system approach for smart energy, and is committed to deliver an enabling portfolio of technical standards to sustainable development on all the dimensions.

Special Address Ms. Ritu Maheshwari Our country’s power sector is witnessing a huge transformation.

Three years back, India was a SRZHU GHĂ€FLW QDWLRQ DQG WRGD\ ZH are on the verge of exporting power across our borders. This is one huge transformation which our country has witnessed in the past two to three years.

Never before earlier, the power sector of the country has seen so much of transparency, so much

32

Ms. Ritu Maheshwari, IAS CEO, RECTPCL

of accountability for everyone with every information being available to everyone in the public domain.

With host of mobile applications, web platforms being available in the SXEOLF SODWIRUPV ZH FDQ ÀQG RXW where power is available and at what price and in which states through apps like Vidyut PRAVAH. We can keep a track of the transformation capacity across the country through apps like Tarang. We can track the ZD\ YLOODJHV DUH EHLQJ HOHFWULÀHG through apps like Garv. We can see how many outages are there in which part of the country and we can be informed of the power outages through apps like Urja Mitra. We can see the way energy is being utilized HIÀFLHQWO\ E\ DSSV OLNH 8-$/$ ,W is an end to end transformation being supplemented not only by infrastructure upgradation but also by technological upgradation.

Distribution has always been the weakest link in the entire power sector value chain. This government itself in the last three years has again introduced lot of schemes whether it is the Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Yojana for upgradation of the rural infrastructure or the IPDS scheme for the upgradation of the urban infrastructure and most important, the UDAY scheme for transformation IRU ÀQDQFLDO UHVWUXFWXULQJ RI distribution companies. The results are visible to all. Discoms have started showing positive results.

There have been improvements in RSHUDWLRQDO HIĂ€FLHQFLHV $V PDQ\ DV 13 discoms in the past nine months have reported a reduction in the losses. Out of the debts in these

We started two years back with DOPRVW XQHOHFWULÀHG YLOODJHV in the country. Today, almost 13000 of the villages have also EHHQ HOHFWULÀHG %XW VWLOO WKHUH DUH DOPRVW ÀYH FURUH KRXVHKROGV LQ WKH country which do not have access to electricity, which still stand XQHOHFWULÀHG XQPHWHUHG 5HDFKLQJ out to consumer households is one of the most important links which is still missing in the entire value chain.

Our Hon’ble Minister has been talking of installation of almost 3.5 crore smart meters across the country. Today we are at 2 to 2.5 lakhs; there is a huge gap. Have we as an industry, have we as government really taken a look at it? Where can we bridge the gap?

What is it that the consumers are looking at? Is there a way we can cut down the costs? This Metering India could be a very important platform to discuss on all these issues because this is one crucial component which is going to transform not only the Indian power sector but also the lives of the consumers. The way mobile revolution has transformed the life of each and every one of us, I sincerely believe that metering revolution especially the smart metering revolution, can really transform the lives of all Indians and the Indian power sector.

Address by Guest of Honour, Mr. R K Verma ,W WRRN XV WLPH WR GHÀQH ZKDW LV œVPDUW¡ ,Q IDFW LW WRRN WLPH WR GHÀQH ZKDW smartness in technology is. What is a smart meter? Lot of deliberations that took place between CEA and other stakeholders to come up with D GHÀQLWLRQ RI VPDUWQHVV RI D PHWHU Subsequently, the other actions have been taken in relation to formulation of the standards of smart meter, advance metering infrastructure document. Now that all the rules of the game are set, we are ready with the all the documentation, we are ready with everything but progress

May 2017

CoverStory

the nuances of intermittency and LQĂ€UPQHVV RI WKH UHQHZDEOH HQHUJ\ sources call for a very smart solution and smart handling of the grid. And therefore, there is a need that we must transform ourselves from the static meters to the smart metering solutions. Otherwise, we will really be struggling to address the issues of grid operation. We must sit together and think in terms of evolving good business solutions for rolling out the smart meters.

Mr. R. K. Verma Chairperson, CEA

is really dismal. The installation of smart meters has not really come the way we wanted. It is high time that we sit together and deliberate on the issue as to why it is not taking up the way we wanted. What are the reasons for the slow progress of the installation of smart meters?

We again need to have a look on the drivers. We should develop some kind of sustainable business models like the ones we thought of in terms of UJALA when we rolled out the LED bulbs. There is a need that we must think in terms of sustainable, innovative business ideas to roll out the smart metering in the country.

There are roughly about 250 million consumers in this country and this is a very large number. We had thought that we will be playing with the volume of the total numbers and then maybe, the way it has happened in the case of solar where the prices have come down. solar now is within reach, and looks very attractive and rather it is giving a challenge to all others fuel sources. We adopted the same thinking of procurement of large number of smart meters, but the cost of the smart meters did not come down.

We are in a stage of transition, the power sector is going to be very complex in the years to come. With the large penetration of renewable integrated sources of the order of 175 GW by the year 2022, as per the assessment of CEA, we shall be something like 520 GW. We will be meeting an energy requirement of 1566 billion units with a peak of 225 GW. That is a very huge number.

Though the thermal generation will predominantly prevail but then

May 2017

Inaugural Address H. E. Mr. V. P. Singh Badnore India has a strong R&D base and lots of innovations have happened LQ YDULRXV ÀHOGV 3URJUDPPHV OLNH œ0DNH LQ ,QGLD¡ 6WDUWXS ,QGLD DUH increasing the manufacturing base in our country. In the recently published Made in the Country Index, India has scored 36 while China 28 out of 100. India has left China eight steps behind. Also programmes like Digital India, Smart Cities Mission are expected to increase the per capita electricity consumption.

With this growth lies the challenge of sustainability. Programmes like Energy Security for all, Energy (IĂ&#x20AC;FLHQF\ DQG 8'$< LQLWLDWLYHV DUH D few steps in that direction. In India, we have always been discussing about shortage of power generation.

With a thrust in the ultra mega power project which was albeit a slow and a late starter, we can say that there should be no power shortage.

As far as the capacity addition is concerned, we have reached a level where we have to look at whether we need to add more capacity in the traditional thermal sector or we need to concentrate on improving PLF percentage and maybe, on the HIĂ&#x20AC;FLHQF\ DQG WKH RWKHU SDUDPHWHUV like low carbon generation and working towards competitions between renewables, CCS and nuclear in the 2020s, thus adapting to the climate change targets set by us in our commitments to the Paris COP 21.

The distribution sector is not in a good shape. We all know most of the concerned factors. The need of the hour is the review of the Electricity

His Excellency Mr. V. P. Singh Badnore , Governor of Punjab and Administrator of Chandigarh UT

Act of 2003 with special focus on distribution. We need to strengthen and give more autonomy to the SERC and the CERC, look into a way forward for separation of carriage and content, open access and have a plausible distribution licensing system with multiple licensing options to usher in competition.

Electricity is among one of the top priorities of our Honourable Prime Minister. Steps have been taken for Ă&#x20AC;QDQFLDO VXVWDLQDELOLW\ RI GLVWULEXWLRQ companies through UDAY scheme.

Enough funds are being given through programmes like IPDS and Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana for uplifting the urban and the rural power infrastructure respectively.

The DDUGJY is probably the highest and the right approach for the rural power sector issues. This scheme now talks about the health of the sub-transmission and the distribution segment. It takes care of the need of feeder segregation, it talks about 100% metering. Our Prime Minister is personally concerned on the electricity reforms and is also keenly working on the smart grid initiatives.

As we all know, The Government of India has sanctioned certain pilot projects in the smart grid. We also have a National Smart Grid Mission in place.

When we talk of a Mission, then it talks about openness, innovative approaches of implementation, basic Ă&#x20AC;QDQFLQJ PRGHOV DQG QRW PHUHO\ a programme. In order to achieve our Prime Ministerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s aspirations of a brighter tomorrow, 24/7 power for all, it is imperative for our countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s

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SRZHU GLVWULEXWLRQ VHFWRU WR Ă&#x20AC;UH ,Q RUGHU WR IXOĂ&#x20AC;OO WKHVH DVSLUDWLRQV we require the last mile, the most important stakeholder, the consumer should be an active element of our value chain.

skilled manpower, people who buy into that vision of reengineering and help you achieve that. Training, change management is a very, very important part

Metering fraternity has a huge XQĂ&#x20AC;QLVKHG EXVLQHVV WR DFFRPSOLVK Metering India 2017, towards smart and sustainable utilities, is the right step in co-boarding various stakeholders of this ecosystem and providing a platform to deliberate these pertinent issues.

Cdr Manish Tiwari

Mr. Rritu Saurabha, Executive Vice President, Project Finance, Yes Bank

Expert Speak Mr. Arvind Gupta

Cdr Manish Tiwari, Chief Information 6HFXULW\ 2IĂ&#x20AC;FHU 0LFURVRIW

Mr. Arvind Gupta Head and Co-founder Digital India Foundation.

We we have become a Digital First country. Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s digital economy is inspiring probably every other country in the world. Postdemonetisation every single country in the world is looking forward to how India has done a transformation of 1.2 billion people and how it is progressing so fast, leapfrogging going forward.

Unless you provide a right social framework for technology implementation, things wonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t succeed No standalone technology can bring about change if you donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t inherently reengineer the process behind it. People say put a lot of technology, it will solve the problem.

It will not. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s just going to be a shelfware which is going to be kept on the shelf and that box is never going to be used. Unless you reengineer your processes, technology does QRW GULYH DQ\ EHQHĂ&#x20AC;WV DQG WR reengineer processes, you need

34

Mr. Rritu Saurabha

The smart infrastructure that the country is moving towards is part of the critical information infrastructure in the country. It would be a very high potential and high value target for any adversary agency. Hence it is extremely essential to address the security of this emerging smart infrastructure right at the foundation level.

Currently pilots are going on, where there is a lot of talk around interoperability and cyber security.

BIS has taken up an initiative of setting up a panel on smart infrastructure. This is the right time to address the security with a built-in as against a bolt-on approach.

There are four pillars to information assurance and trust in the system.

It is cyber security, data privacy, compliance and transparency. Cyber VHFXULW\ E\ LWVHOI LV QRW VXIĂ&#x20AC;FLHQW Cyber security by itself has four pillars â&#x20AC;&#x201C; protect, detect, respond and recover. It is about coming up with a holistic strategy, is about ensuring that when we implement the information technology components of the smart infrastructure, we ensure the implementation and adherences to best practices as are expected to be followed in the traditional IT world and we should not forget that.

UDAY scheme has helped and almost 75% of the debts have been converted into bonds. It allows a lot of interest to be reduced and the 25% on which the interest has to be paid has actually cleaned up the balance sheets. Eventually it will clean out the balance sheets of lots of distribution companies and it is something which needs to be done on an ongoing basis.

You just have one UDAY scheme.

Losses cannot get added on after this. So AT&C losses have to be improved and smart meters come LQWR SOD\ TXLWH VLJQLĂ&#x20AC;FDQWO\ LQ WKDW As on date, any bank exposure to discom is not seen in a very healthy way. It is only because of UDAY that a large number of banks would have an NPA, if UDAY was not there. It is because of that, a few banks would be again seeing the discom sector where loans can be given.

Mr. Sunil Singhvi, Past Chairman Moderating the Expert Panel

6SHFLĂ&#x20AC;F WR VPDUW PHWHUV WKH investment is distributed. It is not

May 2017

CoverStory

that a particular project is there which is going into smart meters. If you want to improve the health of the discom, the entire discom sector LV JRLQJ WR GUDZ EHQHĂ&#x20AC;W EHFDXVH RI that. And then obviously the smart meters, come into play.

All the enabling system is in place.

It is high time that Industry should come out of the traditional business i.e capex based model and come forward with the business plan.

Mr. A. K Mishra

Policy 360 Degree for Distribution eco-system Mr. Ghanshyam Prasad

Mr. Vishal Kapoor, Director â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Distribution Ministry of Power

Vishal Kapoor

The whole crux of the paradox comes to one point that is ACS-ARR gap of the DISCOMS , For every single unit of Electricity that DISCOMS is supplying, they are losing 60 paisa and with the burgeoning debt problem of the discom (which was there 4.3 Lakh Crore accumulated over a long period of the time in the year 2015) any further increase of electricity / giving 24*7 electricity would have accentuated this problem of debt.

To counter that, we came up with UDAY scheme based on cooperative and competitive federalism, where the Discom the Central Government and the State Government comes together and put the responsibility and ownership of the Discom where it actually belongs i.e state level.. The two outcomes of the schemes are getting the ACS-ARR gap down to zero and reducing the AT&C losses to 15%. The centre is hand holding the state in achieving the objectives In the UDAY participating State the ACS-ARR gaps is now down to 49 paisa from 60 paisa and AT&C losses are down to 22.5% from 24.5% It is D VLJQLĂ&#x20AC;FDQW LPSURYHPHQW LQ RQH year. The states are now having reduced dependency on subsidies by state government.

The country is facing very paradoxical situation today, we are transcending IURP SRZHU GHĂ&#x20AC;FLW WR SRZHU VXUSOXV The paradox is we have surplus power today but off-take of the power is not high there exists a lot of latent demand in system on the account of people not getting electricity access or quality of the power is poor.

Smart Meter is one of the major tool that we envisage will reduce the AT&C losses to a considerable extent. BIS standards are in place, Testing facilities are available, the national tariff policy is the major HQDEOHU EXW VWLOO ZH DUH Ă&#x20AC;QGLQJ WKDW there is slowness in the take up rate of smart Meter.

Mr. Ghanshyam Prasad, Chief Engineer, CEA

There was time when we didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have the adequacy of generation, for last 10 years we have been struggling to say that India is the surplus country.

We really turned around the sector particularly after electricity act 2003 when the generation was delicensed. The net result was that the share of IPP in the entire generation scenario as on date stands around 43% which really gave real boost to the sector. Right now we can say that we are really surplus as for as the generation capacity of the country.

Policy 360 degree means that we need to think together whether it is Government, Private or Public Utility or State Discom let us collectively Ă&#x20AC;QG RXW WKH SUREOHPV FRPH XS ZLWK possible solution and resolve the LVVXH ZLWK GHĂ&#x20AC;QLWH WLPH IUDPH

May 2017

Mr. A.K Mishra , Director NSGM- PMU

The Metering industry is well placed and the most challenged. It is the lack of the trust of measurement which is leading or resulting everyoneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s assessment that there are huge losses. But are there huge losses? No, these are unrealized money. Gone are the days when we were discovering that how customer is tempering the meter; we have already crossed those line and now we are discussing that how and why we are not able to realize our revenue. The transformation is that the focus has shifted from the meter as a product and what it can recall to â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;timely alertsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Whether we can intervene when we have to ; Smart Grid can take you there.

Metering Industry have to move from their traditional business, that is selling the product, and have to partner with other service providers and create an ecosystem of trust. Meter Industry have to make the biggest difference by making the partnership with ICT for the successful Implementation of Smart Grid.

There is need of transformation, and that will come through success story.

So spread more of them built more of them. As for as policy initiative and persuasion, NSGM is there to take care of.

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Mr. Rajesh Bansal

Since the consumer has the demand, so any policy by the Government whether it is economic policy, railway, transport etc. will affect the power demand and hence the distribution business. It is the total policy that affects the distribution system.

Mr. Babu Babel

Mr. Rajesh Bansal Sr. VP BSES Rajdhani Power Ltd

7KH GHÀQLWLRQ RI GLVWULEXWLRQ EXVLQHVV have changed over the period of time.

Now we have group of consumer who creates demand and it is the responsibility of the distribution company to predict that demand forecast and ensure the infrastructure availability to meet that demand, The distribution company then prepares the schedule and sends the same to generating company to generate the power as per the schedule. So in present scenario the consumer is controlling the generation and distribution company has to predict and meet the demand.

Mr. Babu Babel, Past President, IEEMA

No other country has developed the Metering application like Indian Metering Industry has done. You would be amazed to know that one third of the development of Smart Grid and AMI around the world has been done by Indian Engineers based in India.

On policy front, we need clarity on what we are trying to do. We need collaboration, co-operation and

continuity. The most important thing we should do in policy making is informing and training up the end users.

Panel Discussion Sustainable utilities The session was moderated by Mr. Jitendra Agarwal, Chairman, Meter Division. The participant of the panel discussion were Dr. A. K. Verma – Jt. Secretary, Distribution, Ministry of Power Government of India, Mr. Vikram Kapur, IAS, Principal Secretary, Energy, Government of Tamilnadu, Mr. A. K Bohra, MD-JVVNL, Mr. Gopal Saxena, Director, BSES, Mr. Richard Schomberg, Chairperson, System Committee Smart Energy, IEC

Dr. A. K Verma The power purchase cost of the utilities which is 80 to 85% of total expenditure can be brought down by proper planning, which would be a major step towards making utilities sustainable.

Another step of making utilities VXVWDLQDEOH LV WKDW WKH ÀQDQFLQJ KDV to be innovative; the utilities have to invest its time and energy and get D PRGHUQ ÀQDQFH PDQ WR ORRN DIWHU

“Special Contribution to Metering” Award

Mr. V. Arunachalam, an M. Tech. from REC Warangal, has about 35 years of experience in R&D, testing and standardization, consultancy SURMHFWV DQG WUDLQLQJ +H MRLQHG &35, DV (QJLQHHULQJ 2IÀFHU LQ and superannuated as Additional Director in 2015.

In 2009, Power Ministry formed two committees to bring in uniformity in metering protocol to overcome meter reading issues in distribution reforms programme. As a key member of these committees, Mr. Arunachalam brought value addition through discussions and inputs from all the stakeholders to evolve the basic report. Eventually, MoP assigned CPRI the task of setting up the metering protocol test laboratory under his leadership became operational in 2010.

The two reports were later brought out as standards by the BIS – IS: 15959 and IS: 16444 for smart meter roll out; results of his humungous efforts as a convener or of BIS Technical Committees. He was also the technical brains behind Smart Grid pilot projects of the BESCOM and SPDCL.

36

May 2017

CoverStory

WKH ÀQDQFH DIIDLUV $Q XWLOLW\ ZKLFK is responsive to the need of the consumer is smart utility.

which we will go for the consumers of 200 units to 500 units. In totality, 9.8 Million Smart Meters are to be installed under UDAY in Tamilnadu.

Mr. A. K Bohra, MD JVVNL

My Vision of Smart Meter is that we should move towards a system where these meters become consumer centric so much so that consumer can monitor its consumption and cost, as well as the subsidy provided by the Government, all in real time

Dr. A. K. Verma, Jt. Secretary, Distribution, Ministry of Power, Government of India

We must now think from consumer’s SHUVSHFWLYH WKDW ZKDW EHQHÀW D VPDUW meter can offer to consumer. The rollout of the smart meter is the need of the hour and the cost of the rolling out is huge. Utilities alone cannot be burdened with that. To make it happen, some kind of business model should be worked out.

Today the whole paradigm shift is that you bring control from the utilities into the hands of the consumer; which means that we need to provide choice to the consumer. Meter can become one of the tool to provide the choice to the consumer.

Mr. Gopal Saxena

Mr. A.K Bohra, MD JVVNL

For sustainability, the utilities have to improve the revenue and protect the revenue. I see the Smart Meter as a revenue protection device because not only it has the feature of two way communication giving us the information of the consumption on real time basis on the central server, but also by means of this whole human intervention is eliminated.

Mr. Richard Schomberg

Mr. Vikram Kapur

Mr. Gopal Saxena, Director, BSES Rajdhani and BSES Yamuna

Mr. Vikram Kapur, Principal Secretary Energy, Govt of Tamilnadu

In Tamilnadu, we have been focusing on the large consumers. The HT consumers are already in smart metering, next category is above 500 Unit where about 1.5 Million consumers are there after

May 2017

BSES installed smart Meters in 2004-5, today our meters are fully smart and capture all the essential data which help us to plan our network, monitor SAIDY, SAIFY properly, which help us to determine areas of shortfall. Obviously the main part of the meter is to bill our consumer properly. One of the biggest area where we have succeeded is analytics; smart meter helps in load planning

Richard Schomberg, Chairperson, System Committee Smart Energy, IEC

As a utility we need to have as many vendor as possible capable to offer interoperable and interchangeable devices, equipment and solutions.

This is only way where huge investment can be sustainable on the long run.

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Award Winners

1st best paper award went to Practical Case Studies On Energy Metering Scheme For EHT Network System – An Experience Sharing Note by Mr. P.K Pattanayak –OPTCL

2nd Best paper award went to Metering of E-Rikshaw by Mr. Rajesh Bansal of BSES Rajdhani Power, Mr. Vishal Natani collecting the award on behalf of Mr Bansal

3rd best paper award went to Success Factor for communication technologies India’s Perspective-a case Study by Dr. Anukram Mishra of Genus Power, Mr R.S. Rathore collecting the award on behalf of Mr. Mishra

Session Conveners

Mr. Vinod Tiwari, Genus

Mr. Sundeep Tandon, HPL

Mr. Sanjay Ahuja, L&T

Mr. B. A Sawle, CPRI

Mr. Vinod Gupta , ERDA

Mr. Anand Srivastava, L+G

Mr. Vipin Mishra, Capital Power

Mr. Ashish Tandon, L+G Convener Panel Discussion

Ms. Manjushri Shah, Secure Meters Convener Inaugural Session

38

May 2017

CoverStory

Technical Sessions

Session I: Making Utilities Sustainable From left to right Mr. Sundeep Tandon ( Session Convener ) Dr. L.R Rajgopal –SANDS, Mr. Rajesh Bansal –BSES Rajdhani Power Limited, Mr. A.N Singh, CEO, CESC, (Session Chair) Ms. Anjuli Chandra- CEA , Mr. S huvendu Patnaik, Secure Meters

Session II Innovative Ideas From left to right Mr. Vinod Gupta ( Session Convener ), Mr. Shridhar Pandey - Ramway Technology Co. Ltd, Mr.. Ajoy Rajani, Sr. VP Reliance (Session Chair), Mr. P.K.Pattanaik – OPTCL, Mr. Ravindra Bhanage -Tata Power Delhi Distribution Ltd

Session III Case Studies - AMI rollout From left to right Mr. Sachin Vijan - Landis+Gyr , Mr. B. A Sawale, (Session Convener), Mr. Ghanshyam Prasad, Chief Engineer-CEA (Session Chair), Dr. Anukram Mishra, Genus, Mr. Arindam Nath – APDCL

Session IV Policy 360 Degree for Distribution Eco-system From left to right Mr. Sanjay Ahuja (Session Convener), Mr. Ghanshyam Prasad,Chief Engineer-CEA (Session Chair), Mr. Vishal Kapoor, Director Distribution, MoP, Mr. A.K Mishra, Director – NSGM, Mr. Rajesh Bansal, Sr. VP BSES Rajdhani Power Ltd., Mr. Babu Babel, Past President, IEEAM

Session V Journey of Smart Metering From left to right Mr. Vinod Tiwari, ( Session Convener ), Mr. Udayan Ganguly, CESC Ltd, Mr. Sanjay Banga, Vice President, TPDDL (Session Chair), Mr. A.P Singh , PVVNL, Mr. Rajesh Nimare, Secure Meters, Mr. Vivek Chandra, MPPKVVCL, Mr. Sudhanshu Gupta, Ernst & Young LLP

Session VI: Utility Perspective on Smart Grid Implementation From left to right Mr. Anand Srivastava, ( Session Convener zz), Mr. Juan Carlos Mateus Sánchez, INMETRO, Mr. Hemendra Agarwal, PGCIL, Mr. Atul Bali , NSGM (Session Chair), Mr. Marco Fernandes, Siemens, Mr Diego Humberto, Siemens, Mr. Anuj Goswami, APDCL

May 2017

39

CoverStory

Organising Committee

Glimpses

40

May 2017

VOLUME 8 O ISSUE NO. 5 O JANUARY 2017 O PGS. 116

ISSN 0970-2946 O Rs. 100/-

G PGS. z OCTOBER z PGS. VOLUME 4 G2DECEMBER 2016 112108 VOLUME87GzISSUE ISSUENO. NO. 2015

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leadingelectrical electrical&&electronics electronics monthly the leading monthly

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Energy Efficiency Measures for Thermal Power Stations

ISSN 0970-2946 O Rs. 100/-

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INTELECT 2017 Redefining Electricity for Smarter Living

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IEEMA Events 2nd TRAFOTECH workshop 2016 10th T&D Conclave

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Promoting ELECRAMA Globally

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IEEMA Events IEEMA Annual Convention &

“No Coal based capacity addition is required during the years 2017-22” - Mr S D Dubey, Chairperson, CEA

IEEMA Smart AGM Interactive Session 68th Grid “Together towards a brighter tomorrow”

Face2Face International Mr Conference Anil Swarupon “Safe Protective Devices for Safe Secretary, Ministry of Coal

Opinion Automation in buildings key to Energy Efficiency

Installations”

a fere e on olg l C ntr 15 na Co r 20 tio r & be a rna gea ovem i, Indi Inte itch 27th N ba 9th Sw 6th & Mum 19 2

Financial performance of Indian Electrical Equipment Industry for FY 2015-16 Decline in imports have created an optimistic scenario in the Indian EE industry

Cover Story

Expert Speak

Guest Articles

Development of nuclear power projects in India and its challenges

Standardization of PV Wires

ELECRAMA-2016

In Depth New Tariff Policy

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Paris Agreement Commitments and India’s nuclear energy programme

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In Focus Economic, social & environmental elements of power projects

te Ho

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e nc fere rs on este l C rr na e A tio urg 016 hi rna n S pril 2 Del Inte als o th A n, New er 9 nd Cov co tori & 2 idie Se m Tu 28th e Mer Back lL cu side

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In

Event

ELECRAMA 2018 launched

T

he launch event for announcement of ELECRAMA 2018 was held at Hotel Taj Palace in New Delhi on April 12, 2017. The event received a huge participation from the electrical industry and around 400 people attended. The event was graced by Shri. Suresh Prabhu, Honâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ble Union Minister for Railways and Shri. Piyush Goyal, Honâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ble Minister of State (I/C) for Power, Coal, New and Renewable Energy VHQLRU RIĂ&#x20AC;FLDOV IURP WKH Government of India, Utilities, Diplomats, Senior Industry representatives, and various other dignitaries.

An interesting panel discussion on technology triggered disruption of the sector, set the context to the evolution to the new electricity era. This discussion reinforced the need for the industry to adopt new technologies to adapt and stay relevant in the new electricity order. An interesting interaction between eminent media personality Mr. Arnab Goswami and Shri.

Piyush Goyal touched upon the critical aspect of political and policy initiatives that tend to impact the industry.

ELECRAMA has always been focusing on relevance, adapting to change & technology to provide relevant exposure to the products as well as strengthening the knowledge quotient. The 2018 edition promises an experience like no other in terms of size, enhanced venue, newer segments and

42

YHUWLFDOV WKDW UHĂ HFW WKH FKDQJLQJ VFHQDULR DQG DQ DOO RXW digital experience from booking to visitor engagements.

Shri. Suresh Prabhu, Honâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ble Union Minister for Railways said, â&#x20AC;&#x153;In a bid to adopt green technology, the Indian Railways is giving a big push to renewable energy WR DWWDLQ FRVW HIĂ&#x20AC;FLHQF\ 5DLOZD\V ZLOO VDYH VLJQLĂ&#x20AC;FDQW energy by investing in renewables in the next 10 years.

ELECRAMA is a portal to the future because it is all about adapting to change and technology.â&#x20AC;?

Shri. Piyush Goyal, Honâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ble Minister of State (I/C) for Power, Coal, New and Renewable Energy and Mines said, â&#x20AC;&#x153;In the last few years the MSME sector had the challenges of technological upgradation, adequate capitalisation, ability to expand and serve on a larger scale which are now becoming the order of the day. I would urge ELECRAMA to come with some solutions in order to enable us to make the MSME sector prosper because this sector is largest exporter of the country and it creates large job opportunities and according to me the new India of possibilities can only be driven through the MSME sector.

The Institution of Engineering and Technology (The IET) has partnered with Indian Electrical & Electronics Manufacturersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Association (IEEMA) for ELECRAMA 2018. As part of the

May 2017

Event

partnership, the event will include a segment for IoT and Internet, the TechNxT, to its purview this year and the IET hosted two tracks on Internet and IoT solutions for the power sector. TechNxT shall also showcase state-ofthe-art of products and solutions, companies and startups providing cutting edge technology solutions, along with high quality conference on topics varying from the Digital Transformation of Power Delivery, Energy Storage 6\VWHPV DQG 6ROXWLRQV 7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ (OHFWULĂ&#x20AC;FDWLRQ Speaking at the inauguration of the event, Dr. Rishi Bhatnagar, Chairman of the IET India IoT Panel said, â&#x20AC;&#x153;The digital transformation is reshaping the energy industry radically. Introduction of IoT has reasserted the need for

May 2017

a fresh thinking and approach at a very fundamental level.

The whole eco-system needs to work together to succeed and mature and look beyond newer revenue. There is a need to partner with the right solution providers and system integrators. The IET IoT Panel understands this need for providing a platform that facilitates discussions that will help in making the inevitable connected ZRUOG PRUH HIĂ&#x20AC;FLHQW VPDUW innovative and safe. We are very excited about partnering with IEEMA & ELECRAMA, 2018 for the IoT focussed segment, TechNxT 2018, which promises to be a meeting ground for businesses to come together DQG FROODERUDWH RQ WHFKQRORJLHV WKDW ZLOO UHGHĂ&#x20AC;QH WKH future of the Power sector.â&#x20AC;?

43

Analysis

A

bstract: Smart meters are advanced energy meters which can measure the usage of electrical energy along with extra information in comparison to conventional energy meters. Design of smart meters based on the needs of the utilities as well as the customers. A variety of features and technologies are incorporated with smart meters. This paper introduces Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Challenges (SWOC) for the analysis of smart metering system. It provides diverse issues and challenges related to plan, implementation, utilization, and sustenance of the smart meter’s infrastructure.

Additionally, several advantages and weaknesses of smart meters are discussed while keeping in view of upcoming HQHUJ\ PDUNHW ,W DOVR SURYLGHV D YLHZ RI WKH VLJQLÀFDQW installation of smart meters in developing countries.

Introduction There are several limitations of conventional meter readings like biased reading, susceptibility to reading data manipulation etc. So, these meters are inappropriate for the current power system applications. Comprehensive knowledge of data such as the time of usage, power quality, power factor, individual power phases, etc. are required to realize the modern energy system. The growth of Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) system has carried out the biggest transformation in the of energy meter’s technology. The mechanical rotating disc energy meter promotes toward electronic energy meter and then to smart energy meter, called Automatic Meter Reading (AMR)[1-2]. This improvement helped to transmit energy usage information from houses, factories and buildings to the utilities for consumer’s billing purposes, load curves, and power quality analysis[3]. In the meantime, the AMI is also commenced to combine meter with grid and household appliances for better examination of transmitted power and its usage. The AMI technology

44

consists of bidirectional communication among utilities and customer’s smart meter[4-5]. It communes with customers and utilities via power line carrier and its aim is to help customers to use energy wisely[6]. The AMI is also known smart meter as it provides user interface capability and all metrics related to user’s energy usage as well as utility companies[7]. A smart meter system has a digital meter, a communication support system, and control equipments along with sensors. The system description of smart energy meter with respect to conventional energy meter is presented in Fig. 1 (a) & (b).

The major factors considered in AMI system are energy usage, power factor, current, voltage, real power, reactive power, and the highest energy requirement[8]. These factors will make sure the energy consumption quality and also make available information about latest energy rate to customers. Moreover, modern smart metering devices are capable to record the behavior of household DSSOLDQFHV YLD HQHUJ\ XVDJH SURÀOH[9-10].

Nowadays, several developed countries have put into practice the AMI technology in their energy system.

Since early 2000s, these have been deployed in various countries across the world. Number of utility companies in Canada, Italy, Netherlands, Japan, Europe, Korea, and Australia has heavily invested to establish AMI devices in inhabited areas[11]. Various issues were stated by these companies such as smart meter robustness, energy crisis, communication signal, cyber security and ÀQDQFLDO LQYHVWPHQW[12-13]. These key issues are potential challenges in order to establish a better AMI system.

India has the 3rd major electricity transmission and distribution network in the world. However, India also faces a lot of challenges such as supply shortfalls, inadequate access to electricity, huge network losses, reliability, poor

May 2017

Analysis

ConvÄ&#x17E;ĹśĆ&#x;onÄ&#x201A;ĹŻ energy meter

End user/ Customer

MÄ&#x201A;nuÄ&#x201A;ĹŻ Ć&#x152;Ä&#x17E;Ä&#x201A;ding of energy meter

MÄ&#x201A;nuÄ&#x201A;ĹŻly bill pÄ&#x201A;yment

(ResidÄ&#x17E;ĹśĆ&#x;Ä&#x201A;l or InduĆ?Ć&#x161;Ć&#x152;Ĺ?Ä&#x201A;l)

Figure 1 (a): Conventional energy meter system

End user/ Customer (ResidÄ&#x17E;ĹśĆ&#x;Ä&#x201A;l or InduĆ?Ć&#x161;Ć&#x152;Ĺ?Ä&#x201A;l)

ConvÄ&#x17E;ĹśĆ&#x;onÄ&#x201A;ĹŻ energy meter

DispĹŻÄ&#x201A;Ç&#x2021; Device

MicroController

CommunicÄ&#x201A;Ć&#x;on Device

^ĹľÄ&#x201A;Ć&#x152;Ć&#x161; Meter

DÄ&#x201A;Ć&#x161;Ä&#x201A;Ä?Ä&#x201A;se mÄ&#x201A;nÄ&#x201A;gement

Cloud

CommunicÄ&#x201A;Ć&#x;on networks Ä&#x201A;nd Ĺ?ĹśĆ&#x161;Ä&#x17E;Ć&#x152;ĨÄ&#x201A;Ä?Ä&#x17E;Ć?

Figure 1 (b): Smart energy meter system

quality and theft. Smart metering will address these key issues and make over the existing issues into a more SURĂ&#x20AC;FLHQW DQG FRQVLVWHQW ZD\ ,Q UHWXUQ LW ZLOO KHOS LQ provisioning of electricity access to all. Smart meter is the main element for the smart grid, so it is expected to SURYLGH VRFLDO HFRQRPLF DQG HQYLURQPHQWDO EHQHĂ&#x20AC;WV IRU several stakeholders. They have done much discussion over the genuine values of smart meters. One of the major factors which will decide the success of smart meters is its data analytics. It deals with data acquisition, processing, and interpretation which ultimately convey SURĂ&#x20AC;WV WR DOO VWDNHKROGHUV Smart metering is still in a premature stage, as there is no large scale execution of smart metering system. It is required to start progressing of customers, wherein an end user can get the Return on Investment (RoI) of smart meter. The progress of smart meters will take time as the demand is yet to arise. To validate whether the smart energy meter deployment is healthy or sick, SWOC analysis is conducted in this paper. Through it an understanding will come to know that which internal as well as external factors can affect its success or failure.

It also helps in the development of a strategy to make up for the possible opportunities and challenges. It evaluates the current scenario in a detailed manner so as to take strategic decisions for the future smart metering system setup.

May 2017

The paper is organized as follows. Section 2 presented the status of smart metering system. In this section, the AMI system from the perspective of various researchers, industries persons and stakeholders is discussed.

In Section 3, SWOC analysis of smart metering is introduced. Finally, conclusions are drawn in Section 4.

Status of smart metering system Over the years, smart meters have been emerged as an effective device which transforms energy consumption DQG PDQDJHPHQW E\ RIIHULQJ VLJQLĂ&#x20AC;FDQW YDOXH WR ERWK consumers and utilities. The arrival of the Internet of 7KLQJV ,R7 DIĂ&#x20AC;UPV PRUH SRWHQWLDO DQG SURYLGHV XWLOLWLHV extraordinary opportunities to make smart meters even smarter, in this manner totally revolutionize energy management. As the demand for new sources of HQHUJ\ ULVHV WKHUH LV D QHHG RI PRUH HIĂ&#x20AC;FLHQW XWLOL]DWLRQ of existing energy sources. Consequently, Ontario laid the foundation of a new culture of conservation by implementing emerging technologies which successfully facilitated demand side management and response.

The demand side control measured the after effects of conservation and encouraged consumers to reap the EHQHĂ&#x20AC;WV RI WKHLU FRQVHUYDWLRQ 5HVHDUFKHUV LQ , focused on conservation inducing smart metering technology and cost effective technique to successfully synchronize the distributorsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; supply goals with the consumersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; demand requirements so that both will promote conservation within the framework of sustainable, an achievable and HQHUJ\ HIĂ&#x20AC;FLHQW PDUNHW

45

Analysis

The distant meter reading of household and industrial users is very essential for ensuring safe and optimal operation of the devices. In[15], authors proposed wireless smart metering system design focused mainly on the collection of electric data (such as Current (A), Voltage (V), Peak Current (A), Peak Voltage (V), Power (kW), Frequency (Hz), Energy (kWh)) and sending information via wireless communication (ZigBee) to the monitoring unit. It can collect and commune the information on a real time basis to make possible continuous monitoring of the system status and decision making at the central computer. Control command from the central computer can also reach to the remote end via the identical ZigBee based wireless communication interface which enables the use of smart plugs in addition to the smart meter to control the operation of the load connect/ disconnect basis. Whereas, in[16] authors have been provided a general overview of the key challenges for the Smart Metering/Smart Grid development. Ericsson provided a brief summary of current projects and technologies which are offered to customers around the world to maximize their success and reduce costs.

In[17], authors focused on the communication security feature of a smart metering and grid control system by employed cryptographic techniques, and discussed various mechanisms to improve cyber security of the budding smart grid. They aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis as well as new approach towards the cyber security of a smart grid. Whereas, in [13] authors proposed smart meter with some amendment and LPSURYHPHQW RI $0, WHFKQRORJ\ E\ HPSOR\HG $UWLÀFLDO Intelligence Metering (AIM) techniques. Here, the energy used by consumer’s appliances is totally supervised by AIM. The AIM function is quite same as AMI technology, but with some improvement. It included the schedule of a variety of appliances usage by the consumers and power quality monitoring. These alterations facilitate consumers to supervise their energy usage sensibly, which indirectly promoting green technology in the community.

Furthermore, the energy meter with wireless communication is presented by[18]. The wireless communication consisted of a GSM module and an RF transceiver. The power consumption measured in terms of units with digital energy meter and then readings transmitted through RF transmitter to the center node which consisted of a GSM module and an RF receiver as data forwarder. The GSM module forwarded the data to the HQG XWLOLW\ RIÀFH 6KRUW GLVWDQFH ZLUHOHVV FRPPXQLFDWLRQ is taken place by an RF transceiver, whereas long distance wireless communication covered by a GSM module. The system has numerous considerable advantages such as low power consumption, wireless communication, large coverage area and accuracy. The power consumption readings are received, stored and utilized for future correspondence and consumer billing system.

In[19], authorities discussed the initiative taken by the Indian government for smart metering deployment. As it is a NH\ FRPSRQHQW RI VPDUW JULG DQG LW HQKDQFHV HIÀFLHQF\

46

and reliability through smart/advance sensors, metering technologies, modern communication system, and energy management solutions for current electric power system.

In consequence, industry investigated the potential of smart meters, by considering the advantages of mobility, social media, utilities, and big data[20]. These can provide value added services and enable utilities to raise their revenues and also make sure the consumer delight. They also examined effective ways to leverage IoT and shoot the performance of smart meters to the next level.

Smart meters provide utilities bidirectional communication and these have the ability to evaluate the status of the grid [21-22]. Latest smart metering systems, prepared with an enhanced architecture, and these worked together with smart sensors and more sophisticated distributed control technology and allowed utilities to perform management and grid control. These enabled distant reading, monitoring & control of electrical energy meters (consumer, feeder, DT meters etc.) to serve as repository of record for all raw, validated and edited data. The sanitized data may be subscribed by other utility function for higher order analysis and billing and collection engine etc. In[23], authors presented a comprehensive survey of smart electricity meters. They highlighted challenges as well as opportunities raised due to the arrival of big data and the increased popularity of cloud environments. In [24], authorities stated that smart metering is still at a emerging stage in India. It is being tested, implemented and experienced by a few utilities equipped with technology. However, it provides a numerous possibilities in reformation and progress home energy system. While keeping in view of all sensitive factors related to smart metering, we are providing a SWOC analysis of smart meters in the following section.

SWOC Analysis of Smart metering system Smart metering system’s SWOC analysis provides an overview of collected experiences and impacts on entity(s) behavior. The analysis cover up the smart metering effect on domestic customer and other contributors LQ WKH EXVLQHVV DV WKHVH DUH FRQVLGHUHG DV LQÁXHQWLDO factor. After understood the need, an analysis of the smart metering’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges (SWOC analysis) is conducted in table 1 and raised the serious industry issues. It will SURYLGH WKH XWLOLWLHV DQ LGHD RI WKH UROH DQG LQÁXHQFH power for its creation. The strengths revealed through the 6:2& DQDO\VLV ZLOO ÀOO WKH JDSV H[LVW EHWZHHQ D XWLOLW\·V strategic intent, and the capabilities. Opportunities will build into the extended value chain. It can be assessed on the behalf of the utility’s capability to deliver against these goals. SWOC analysis is the basic need to learn from prior experiences (i.e. already accomplished and ongoing projects). Such analysis gives valuable information about the modality for the execution of smart metering activities. In particular, the most important insights are the potential barriers (i.e. weaknesses and challenges) as well as factors which will enable the successful realization of the smart metering system.

May 2017

Analysis

Table 1: SWOC analysis of smart metering system

Strengths

Weaknesses

Opportunities

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May 2017

Challenges 6PDUW PHWHUV GHSOR\PHQW UHTXLUH KLNH LQ DZDUHQHVV OHYHOV VHWWLQJ XS VDWLVIDFWLRQ OHYHOV FRQVXPHU DGRSWLRQ OHYHOV RI JRRGV DQG VHUYLFHV &\EHU VHFXULW\ ULVNV QHHG WR EH WDFNOH DV SULYDF\ IRU FXVWRPHUV LV LPSRUWDQW $ FKHFN LV UHTXLUHG RQ XWLOLW\·V VHFXULW\ VR WKDW LW FDQ·W EH KDFNHG HQGDQJHULQJ FXVWRPHU·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ÁXFWXDWLRQV ZLOO FKDQJH WKH PDUNHW VFHQDULRV

47

Analysis

Conclusions All expenditure feedback schemes in smart metering are built on the basis of usefulness of the customer interface. It will help the preservation efforts by deducing or varying energy usage and increasing awareness RQ HQHUJ\ SURĂ&#x20AC;FLHQW DFWLRQV WKURXJK HOHFWULFLW\ XVDJH information to the customer. The existing technology KDV HLWKHU DSSOLDQFHV VSHFLĂ&#x20AC;F FRQVXPSWLRQ PHWHUV RU overall household consumption utility meters. Most of the household meters do not have hardware and software tools to evaluate its energy usage. The customary form of energy consumption feedback is through billing. But it doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t provide real time data. Whereas by smart meters deployment, monthly bills are automatic generated. In order to completely exploit the potential of strengths and opportunities of smart metering systems, SWOC analysis is conducted. For further development of smart metering systemâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s weaknesses and challenges are need to be considered to ward off inadequate implementation.

SWOC analysis helps to analyze gap of existing products and systems versus potential requirements. Improvement can be achieved by determining the gap between the customerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s need and technology exist.

Acknowledgement: This work is supported by funding from Science and Engineering Research Board, New Delhi, India under File no.

PDF/2016/001246.

REFERENCES: 1. Lee SW, WuC-S, Chiou M-S, WuK-T. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Design of an automatic meter reading systemâ&#x20AC;? in proceedings of the 22nd IEEE International conference on IECON at Taipei 1996 2. Mak S, Radford D. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Design considerations for implementation of large scale automatic meter reading systems,â&#x20AC;? IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 10, pp : 97â&#x20AC;&#x201C;103 1995 3. Nakada S, Ouchida H, Fukushima M, Murata K, Kamata I, Maruyama R, â&#x20AC;&#x153;Development of automatic meter reading system to bulk customer,â&#x20AC;? presented at the eighth international conference on metering and tariffs for energy supply, 1996.

4. Patrick A, Newbury J, Gargan S., â&#x20AC;&#x153;Two-way communications systems in the electricity supply industry,â&#x20AC;? IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol 13, 1998 <HXQJ '& 0RUJDQ )$ ´8WLOLWLHV DQG WZR ZD\ FXVWRPHU communication systems,â&#x20AC;? IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol 33, 1995.

6. Sivaneasan B, So PL, Gunawan E., â&#x20AC;&#x153;Modeling and performance analysis of automatic meter reading systems using power line communicationsâ&#x20AC;? presented at the 11th IEEE Singapore International Conference on Communication Systems, ICCS2008, Guangzhou, 2008.7.

Luan S-W, Teng J-H, Chan S-Y, Hwang L-C, â&#x20AC;&#x153;Development of an automatic reliability calculation system for advanced metering infrastructure,â&#x20AC;? presented at the 2010 8th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN), Osaka, 2010.

8. Pasdar A, Mehne H H, â&#x20AC;&#x153;Intelligent three-phase current balancing technique for single- phase load based on smart metering,â&#x20AC;? International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems; Vol. 33, 2011 9. Crossley D., â&#x20AC;&#x153;The role of advanced metering and load control in supporting electricity networks,â&#x20AC;? Hornsby.Heights5,13 October, 2008.

48

10. Huq M Z, Islam S., â&#x20AC;&#x153;Home Area Network technology assessment for demand response in smart grid environment,â&#x20AC;?

SUHVHQWHG DW WKH WK $XVWUDODVLDQ 8QLYHUVLWLHV 3RZHU (QJLQHHULQJ &RQIHUHQFH $83(& &KULVWFKXUFK 11. Wikipedia. Smart meter (January3, 2012 ed.); 2012. Available from: http://en. wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Smart_ meter & oldid=469264112.

12. Depuru SSSR, Wang L, Devabhaktuni V, Gudi N., â&#x20AC;&#x153;Smart meters for power gridâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;challenges, issues, advantages and statusâ&#x20AC;? in proceedings of IEEE Power Systems Conference and Exposition (PSCE), 2011.

13. A. F. A. Aziz, S. N. Khalid, M. W. Mustafa, H. Shareef, G. $OL\X ´$UWLĂ&#x20AC;FLDO ,QWHOOLJHQW 0HWHU GHYHORSPHQW EDVHG RQ Advanced Metering Infrastructure technology,â&#x20AC;? Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 27, pp 191â&#x20AC;&#x201C;197, 2013 14. Stephen Johnston, â&#x20AC;&#x153;Wireless Smart Metering for Commercial and Industrial Customers,â&#x20AC;? Smart Sync Report, 4400 Old Canton Road, Suite 300, Jackson, MS 39211, 2014 15. Murat Kuzlu, Mehedi Hasan, Saifur Rahman and Hasan Dincer, â&#x20AC;&#x153;Design of Wireless Smart Metering System Based RQ 063 0&8 DQG =LJ%HH IRU 5HVLGHQWLDO $SSOLFDWLRQ Âľ 7th International Conference on Electrical and Electronics (QJLQHHULQJ (/(&2 'HFHPEHU %XUVD 785.(< 16. Stefano Coiro, John Gorman, Daniel Pakiry, Alejandro %DVFXxDQD ´8WLOLW\ QHWZRUNV FKDOOHQJHV LQ WKH HYROXWLRQ towards the Deployment of smart metering and smart grid services,â&#x20AC;? JIEEC 2011 17. Xinxin Fan and Guang Gong, â&#x20AC;&#x153;Security Challenges in SmartGrid Metering and Control Systems,â&#x20AC;? Technology Innovation Management Review, pp 42-49, July 2013 18. Hiren R. Zala, Viranchi C. Pandya, â&#x20AC;&#x153;Energy Meter Data Acquisition System with Wireless Communication for Smart Metering Application,â&#x20AC;? International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), Vol. 3 Issue 11, November 2014 19. M. F. Khan, A. Jain, V. Arunachalam and A. Paventhan, â&#x20AC;&#x153;Roadmap for smart metering deployment for Indian smart grid,â&#x20AC;? IEEE PES General Meeting Conference & Exposition, National Harbor, MD, pp. 1-5, 2014 9HG 3UDNDVK 3DWL ´5HGHĂ&#x20AC;QLQJ 6PDUW 0HWHUV +DUQHVVLQJ the Power of the Internet of Things for a Smarter Life,â&#x20AC;? White paper, by Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), 2015 21. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Functional Requirements of Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) In India,â&#x20AC;? report by Central Electricity Authority, 2016 1RHOLD 8ULEH 3pUH] /XLV +HUQiQGH] 'DYLG GH OD 9HJD and Itziar Angulo , â&#x20AC;&#x153;State of the Art and Trends Review of Smart Metering in Electricity Grids,â&#x20AC;? Applied Sciences, Vol 6, 68, pp 1-24, 2016 23. Damminda Alahakoon, Xinghuo Yu, â&#x20AC;&#x153;Smart Electricity Meter Data Intelligence for Future Energy Systems: A Survey,â&#x20AC;? IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, Vol.12, No. 1, pp: 425-436, February 2016 24. Article â&#x20AC;&#x153;Feature Smart metering,â&#x20AC;? in Power Today (www.

PowerToday.in), pp 53-57, January 2016 Ć&#x201C;

Kiran Ahuja, Arun Khosla Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar

May 2017

May 2017

49

CaseStudy

A

t present the integrated power system are getting LQYROYHG ZLWK GLYHUVLÃ&#x20AC;HG EXVLQHVV LQ HQHUJ\ VHFWRU DQG LQ QHHG RI TXDOLW\ UHOLDEOH DQG VHFXUHG VXSSO\ V\VWHP 7KH HQHUJ\ SOD\HUV VRPHWLPHV IDFH GLIÃ&#x20AC;FXOWLHV RQ WKH FDOFXODWLRQ RI WKH HQHUJ\ GHOLYHUHG FRQVXPHG RU WUDQVDFWHG LQ WKH V\VWHP GXH WR ODFN RI SURSHU DJUHHPHQW DQG PHWHULQJ VFKHPHV

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Energy meter can h

5HFRUG WKH HOHFWULFDO SDUDPHWHUV FXUUHQW YROWDJH SRZHU SRZHU IDFWRU HQHUJ\ DQG RWKHU LQWHJUDWHG IDFWRUV IUHTXHQF\ EDVHG WDULII WZR SDUW WDULII 72' V\VWHP HWF 6R LQ VLPSOH VHQVH SUHVHQW GD\V HQHUJ\ PHWHUV DUH LQWHOOLJHQW PHWHUV FDQ UHFRUG DQ\ WKLQJ DQG HYHU\ WKLQJ RI HOHFWULFDO SDUDPHWHUV DQG integrated parameters.

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50

$FKLHYH WKH GDWD GHOLYHU\ HLWKHU E\ PDQXDO SURFHVV RU E\ RQ OLQH SURFHVV

i. Manual process:- %\ 05, 0HWHU 5HDGLQJ ,QVWUXPHQW DV SHU SURJUDPPH IHG WKH LQVWUXPHQW FDQ XSORDG FROOHFW WKH GDWD IURP WKH LQWHOOLJHQW PHWHUV 7KHQ DW ELOOLQJ FHQWUH GDWD HQWU\ SRLQW WDULII FHQWUH DQDO\VLV FHQWHU WKH FROOHFWHG GDWD IURP GLIIHUHQW PHWHUV WKDW LQYROYHG LQ WKH WDULII IRUPDW RI WKH QHW ZRUN FDQ EH UH SURJUDPPHG DV SHU WKH HQHUJ\ DJUHHPHQW E\ GLIIHUHQW XWLOLWLHV LQYROYHG LQ WKH V\VWHP Note: - This process of energy billing is well proven and free from external tampering and disturbance.

ii. By ON line Process :- %\ PHDQV RI *356 OHDVHG QHWZRUN RSWLF Ã&#x20AC;EHU RU DQ\ DGYDQFHG V\VWHP RI FRPPXQLFDWLRQ FKDQQHO WKH GDWD IURP WKH LQYROYHG PHWHUV LQ WKH QHWZRUN DUH FRQWLQXRXVO\ FROOHFWHG WR WKH PDLQ KXE FHQWHU GLVSOD\ PHWHU $W DQ\ WLPH DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH VRIWZDUH IHG WR WKH FHQWUDO SURFHVVRU PHWHU WKH ELOOLQJ IRUPDW HYHQW ORJJLQJ GDWD VXUYH\ FDQ EH SUHSDUHG LQ KDUG FRS\ IRUPDW DQG VHUYHG WR WKH LQYROYHG JURXS RI HQHUJ\ SOD\HUV Note: - 1. This system can not be considered as reliable due to intermittent problem in the communication channel/system/link 2) The data tampering and system anti-log may disturb the software format and succeeding processes.

Important Note: - Combination of on line and local emergency back up process can solve and develop well proven system.

Application 7KH HQHUJ\ PHWHUV WKDW GHVFULEHG DERYH FDQ EH DSSOLHG WR UHFRUG WKH HQHUJ\ SURFHVVHV DW GLIIHUHQW QRGHV LQ D QHWZRUN ZLWK GLIIHUHQW HQHUJ\ SOD\HUV DQG GHWDLO LV GHVFULEHG EHORZ

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CaseStudy

Typical example Condition 1. :- The involved entities ( energy players ) in the system have their own bye laws/tariff regulation chart HWF PXVW EH Ă RDWHG IUHHO\ WR DOO Condition 2:- all the players or inter zone players should agree to PPA (Power purchase Agreement

A

A

\ Fig 1.0 or EPAS (Electrical Power Administration System) among them.

Condition 3:- The result/outcome from the EPAS can be executed by intelligent metering system. For this the technology that used must be agreeable by all.

Case Study 1 Consider the case of a private owned generation company, after satisfying all the Govt. Norms has participated in the net work as GENCO and put forthing a condition to utilize the partial delivered power by its company (Owning on the requisite form of stack holding system or the norm declared in the company act).

Now this GENCO and its LOAD CENTER has to agree the PPA/EPAS governed by different internal zones.

1. Agreement will be framed between GENCO and TRANSCO regarding wheeling charge and energy charges etc.

Condition 3:- The result/outcome from the EPAS can be executed by intelligent metering system. For this the technology that used must be agreeable by all.

Case Study 1 Consider the case of a private owned generation company, after satisfying all the Govt. Norms has participated in the net work as GENCO and put forthing a condition to utilize the partial delivered power by its company (Owning on the requisite form of stack holding system or the norm declared in the company act).

Now this GENCO and its LOAD CENTER has to agree the PPA/EPAS governed by different internal zones.

1.

Agreement will be framed between GENCO and TRANSCO regarding wheeling charge and energy charges etc.

2.

Next distribution (DISCOM has to agree with both Transco and load center group under EPAS.

Role of Intelligent Meters: - For this case study, every individual is concerned to its inter zone energy players and corresponding EPAS. (Refer Fig 1.0) CONSUMER directly from TRANSCO) should interfere and involve all these utilities to have an intra zone EPAS. Supposing Govt or any suitable energy act framed by any player developed the following case as stated below (Case study 2)

Case Study 2 1.

GENCO demands that till my system in the network injecting suitable range of power over and above to the requirement by its load center, TRANSCO and DISCOM should only charge the wheeling charge and licensing charge form its company.

2.

The hidden power like energy loss must be recorded by suitable authenticated metering system.

3.

But due to any reasons if GENCO fails to supply the required power and its owned company demands the same, then TRANSCO and DISTCOM should charge as per the MD control and wheeling charge system or any suitable EPAS framed there of.

2. Next distribution (DISCOM has to agree with both Transco and load center group under EPAS. Role of Intelligent Meters:- For this case study, every individual is concerned to its inter zone energy players and corresponding EPAS. (Refer Fig 1.0) Meter M1 :- This meter provides the billing format between GENCO and TRANSCO Meter M2 :- Provides the format between TRANSCO and DISCOM Meter M3:- provides the format between DISCOM and load center.

Special Note: - DISCOM in this case does not link to any GENCO in the

network and asks the load center to satisfy the norms to settle the EPAS/PPA. So government or any energy act/electricity act (system of BULK or EPAS (Electrical Power Administration System) among them.

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NOTE: _ so for this system (Case study 2), to satisfy the declared EPAS/PPA, the intelligent meters in the network should have the following facilities. a. Capable of recording the YES power and NO power by GENCO i.e. the time and quantity of power. b. Concept of time synchronization and recording of hidden power. c. Recording and reportin g of DATA to frame the suitable EPAS /PPA billing system.

51

CaseStudy

Technical Solution case study 2 1.

2.

by

metering

system

for

M1 meter records all the electrical parameters transacted between GENCO and TRASCO and online reports the same to the central processor meter display for further integrated action due to this inert zone transaction.

M2 Meter/ M3 meter records and report the parameter transaction to the load center and according to the EPAS /PPA the transmitted data to the central processor unit can be integrated as SHU WKH (3$6 33$ WR GHFLGH WKH ÀQDO HQHUJ\ ELOOLQJ format.

SUMMERY: - By the example and case study explanation it can be concluded that intelligent metering system can decide any thing and every thing related to the ELECTRICAL TRANSACTION by any type of net work. But the EPAS /PPA that framed must be proper and agreeable by all the involved utilities.

Case Study 3 Consider the following network for power transaction for a private company (Naming as A) with CPPs, own loads and also connected with its sister concern (Naming as B) which has IPPs in connection to the network of STU (Naming as C) and also to CTU ( Naming as D).

1.

Company A has CPPs (9x135 MW), Station Load consumption (4 Nos of Aux. Transformers), and Four feeders of Smelter Loads.

1.

For the load at CPP bus (700 MW) can be attended E\ &33 JHQHUDWLRQ DQG VXUSOXV RI 0: ZLOO ÁRZ to Grid system.

2.

Grid load system (300 MW) can be attended by CPP (surplus of 100 MW) + IPP (200 MW.

Generation Sharing Concepts.

Under this concept, the generation system can be considered as driving force on the ONE POINT BUS 6<67(0 7KH /RDG ÁRZ WR WKH ORDG FHQWHUV VKRXOG EH shared as per the load force proportion by the generation system in the net work.

1.

For the load at CPP bus (700 MW) can be attended

by CPP share of 80 % of 700 = 560 MW and IPP share of 20 % of 700 = 140 MW.

2,

For Grid load system (300 MW) can be attended by CPP share of 80 % of 300 = 240 MW and IPP share of 20 % of 300 = 60 MW.

Comparison of Both Concepts Generated Power

Load sharing as per Surplus Concept

Load sharing as per Generation Sharing Concept

CPP=800 MW

CPP Load =700 of CPP Grid system =100 of CPP +200 of IPP

CPP Load = 560 of CPP+ 140 of IPP Grid system = 240 of CPP + 60 of IPP

IPP 200 MW

2. Sister concern B has IPP and presently 2 (Two) numbers of units from the available 4 units have been in generation.

3.

Unit No. 1 is with CTU D through a 400 KV line

4.

Unit No. 2 is with STU C system thru tie line between $ % DQG ÀQDOO\ FRQQHFWHG WR WKH 678 V\VWHP

5. Company B has also loads, presently derived from the tertiary winding and utilized for commissioning, construction and colony supply.

(The detail network with typical load sharing is shown below for developing the case studies)

Load flow concept of the network for power transaction by A-B system.

The sharing of generation impacts on the loads available at one point BUS SYSTEM can be realized by two different concepts.

1. SURPLUS /DEFICIT CONCEPT 2. GENERATION SHARING CONCEPTS. 6XUSOXV 'HÀFLW &RQFHSW %\ WKLV FRQFHSW WKH ORDG ÁRZ WR DQ\ ORDG FHQWHU LV UHDOL]HG E\ WKH VXUSOXV GHÀFLW RI JHQHUDWLRQ V\VWHP WR WKH GHÀQHG point.

52

May 2017

CaseStudy

Analogous System

CASE-2 ( NO or LOW generation by CPP System)

Note: Generation sharing concept can be realized by the analogous system of Water distribution system as explained below.

Suppose, all the CPP units or a few are under shut down or generating very low generation, then load at load point-1 would be attended from the available IPP generation , CPP generation and STU Grid system. So GLIIHUHQW FRQWLQJHQFLHV PD\ DULVH GXULQJ SRZHU ÁRZ IHZ of the examples have been described below.

A. Example as per condition –A (IPP Gen < Load point-1) For this condition, the loads are to be attended by IPP generation and Grid system.

For this water distribution system, the water collected at points can be realized as per the sharing of pumps in the system.

700 Ltrs at point -1 has share from 140 ltrs from pump-1 and 560 ltrs from pump2.

Similarly 300 ltrs point has share of 60 ltrs from pump-1 and 240 ltrs from -2.

Possible contigencies during power generations and load consumptions.

For the network described above, due to availability of different pattern of loads and generations, few possible RI FRQWLQJHQFLHV PD\ DULVH GXULQJ WKH ORDG ÁRZ SDWWHUQ in the net work. Few examples and cases have been explained here for better understanding.

% ([DPSOH DV SHU FRQGLWLRQ % ,33 *HQ /RDG point-1) CPP generation is less than or equal to the load at point-1, then IPP load and load at load point -1 would be attended by both IPP generation and GRID system as per the situation requirement. .

1. CASE –A (IPP Gen = Load point-1) For this case IPP load is to be attended by Grid System.

2. CASE –B (IPP Gen < Load point-1) For this case IPP load and Load at Load point-1 would be attended by both grid system load and IPP generation.

Conclusions of the contingencies

CASE-1 (NO or LOW generation by IPP System)

For the described conditions and possible mode of contingencies followings may result.

Suppose the IPP unit is under shut down or generating YHU\ ORZ JHQHUDWLRQ 6R WKH ORDG VKDOO ÁRZ IURP &33 bus to IPP bus thru tie line. Such contingency may be attended by the following conditions.

Situation1:- The load interface at IPP Bus may be attended either by any individual generation system or by combination of generating system, generation on the network.

3.2.1.A. Example as per condition -1 ( CPP Gen > Load point-1 )

For this condition, all the loads shall be attended by CPP generation only.

B. Example as per condition - 2 (CPP Gen /RDG point-1) CPP generation is less than or equal to the load at point-1, then IPP load and load at load point -1 would be attended by both CPP generation and STU GRID system.

1. CASE –A (CPP Gen = Load point-1) For this case IPP load is to be attended by Grid System.

For this case IPP load and Load at Load point-1 would be attended by both grid system load and CPP generation.

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CaseStudy

Situation 2. :- Similarly load interface point at Common Bus system would be attended by any individual generation system or by combination of generating system, depending upon the load availability and power generation on the network.

Situation 3:- Simultaneously the loads at different interface points would be attended by the generating system according to the situation.

Violations of few fundamentals for the above NETWORK. 1.

2.

IPP generation should not supply DIRECT LOAD to any consumer with out the permission of licensing authority or agreement by the involved entities in the system.

IPP generation should only be connected to STU or CTU. But here it has been connected to the COMMON BUS SYTEM of CPP (other entity) arrangement.

CODITION-B:- COMPANY A and COMPANY B may participate jointly with STU system by a COMMON BUS as like the present situation/system at CPP BUS of COMPANY A. For such condition, metering solution would be simple, if the entities are only concerned with the power transaction to the network in the form of IMPORT or EXPORT mode.

For this condition any of the two utilities can be equipped with joint meters at the possible transaction point. So by mathematical calculation, the other unknown transaction can be known. (Present metering system has been adopted by this concept and meters are now at IPP end and GRID system end) Important to NOTE: - As per the condition B above, if so RWKHU FULWLFDO VSHFLDO FRQGLWLRQV DUH ÁRDWHG LQ WKH 33$ EPAS, then special intelligent metering scheme has to be used to solve the issues.

Few of such are described here for better understandings.

3.

IPP generation should not be consumed by the loads of other utility. (Here for few contingencies IPP generation is getting consumed by the load at CPP Bus. )

1.

IPP (COMPANY B System) can transact directly with STU with condition that IPP has to inject total of its generation excluding the percentage of allowable value of auxiliary consumption.

4.

CPP generation should also not be consumed by loads of other utility. (Here for few contingencies CPP generation is getting consumed by the load at IPP Bus. )

2.

IPP generation in no way can be utilized by other utilities like here it is by COMPANY A.

3.

Similarly CGP can not inject load to other utilities RWKHU WKDQ 678 RU WR WKH GHÀQHG SRLQWV LQ WKH 33$

IMPORTANT NOTE: - Because of this, the metering scheme must be perfect to meter all the possibilities and differentiate the contingencies as discussed above.

METERING SOLUTIONS Before entering to the metering solution, the PPA/EPAS PXVW EH ÀQDOL]HG DQG DJUHHDEOH E\ DOO WKH LQYROYHG XWLOLWLHV for the power transactions. Some of the fundamental conditions have been explained here, considering the situation.

CASE 1:- If so decided that COMPNY A and COMPANY B both considered as single entity and participated to the power transaction with STU system, then single metering system between them would solve the problem.

CASE 2:- If so decided that COMPANY A and COMPANY B are two different entity and participated to the power transaction with STU, then following conditions may arise for metering system.

Special metering solution to the special conditions as described above.

As different generating stations and load points have been connected to the common bus system, so for recording of all possible transactions at internal generators, load points and utility transaction interfaces, metering points are to be provided.

Data from every individual meter has to be collected continuously to the MAIN HUB CENTRAL Display meter.

As per the PPA/EPAS, the billing format can be developed and served to utilities involved in the system.

Conclusion This case study article and the conditions described can help the power players to know and to take decision for the actual consumption of the power from different generators and to settle the bills as per the PPA/EPAS. Ɠ

CODITION-A:- COMPANY A and COMPANY B may participate with STU system by separate network / transmission line. For such case individual metering solution between COMPANY A-STU interface and COMPANY B – STU interface may solve the issue.

P K Pattanaik E&MR Divn,-OPTCL

P K Swain EHT Wing – OPTCL

Siva Chandra Jena

But for any special restrictions like limited use of load by the utilities, then for recording the power over and above from the limit, meters are to be installed at the load points of the utilities.

54

E&MR Divn,-OPTCL

Pranabandhu Pradhan EHT Wing – OPTCL

May 2017

May 2017

55

DistributionManagement

ajor faults and outages on power distribution system KDYH D VLJQLÃ&#x20AC;FDQW HFRQRPLF DQG VRFLDO LPSDFW DQG WKH DYDLODELOLW\ UHOLDELOLW\ RI VXSSO\ EHFRPHV D PRUH DQG PRUH LPSRUWDQW LVVXH +HQFH RXWDJH WLPHV VKRXOG EH DV VKRUW DV SRVVLEOH 6PDUW JULG WHFKQRORJLHV VXFK DV VHOI KHDOLQJ QHWZRUNV FDQ KHOS LQ UHGXFLQJ WKH RXWDJH WLPHV DIWHU D GLVWXUEDQFH 7KLV SDSHU GHVFULEHV WKH VHOI KHDOLQJ solution developed for Distribution Utilities to Automate WKH )HHGHUV DQG WKHUHE\ DGGUHVVLQJ ERWK WHFKQLFDO DQG RUJDQL]DWLRQDO LVVXHV IDFHG E\ XWLOLW\ LQ WKH HYHQW RI RXWDJHV 7KH VROXWLRQ VHW XS LV D GHFHQWUDOL]HG VROXWLRQ LQ ZKLFK DOO WKH 5HPRWH 7HUPLQDO 8QLWV DUH FRPPXQLFDWLQJ LQ D SHHU WR SHHU ZD\ WR GHWHFW LVRODWH DQG UHVWRUH WKH grid in a short time.

Index Terms-- Smart grid, self healing, decentralized, peer-to peer, fault passage indicator.

Introduction (FRQRPLF JURZWK DQG DQ LQFUHDVLQJ SRSXODWLRQ WUDQVODWH WR PRUH HQHUJ\ GHPDQG LQ ,QGLD 7KLV VLWXDWLRQ FRXSOHG ZLWK VWULFW UHJXODWLRQV RQ WKH TXDOLW\ DQG UHOLDELOLW\ RI VXSSO\ PRXQWV LQFUHDVLQJ SUHVVXUH RQ WKH ,QGLDQ distribution utilities to keep the network at the best possible state. While huge investments are already being PDGH E\ *RYW WKURXJK VFKHPHV OLNH $3'53 5**< 6PDUWJULG RQ UHSODFLQJ WKH DJLQJ LQIUDVWUXFWXUH WR SUHYHQW HTXLSPHQW IDLOXUH WKH FKDQFH RI IDLOXUH KRZHYHU FDQQRW EH FRPSOHWHO\ HOLPLQDWHG )RU WKH IDXOWV WKDW FDQ·W EH SUHYHQWHG LW LV WKHUHIRUH QHFHVVDU\ WR PLQLPL]H WKH LPSDFW E\ NHHSLQJ WKH RXWDJH WLPH DV VKRUW DQG WKH DIIHFWHG FXVWRPHUV DV IHZ DV SRVVLEOH 3RZHU 'LVWULEXWLRQ 8WLOLWLHV DUH FKDOOHQJHG WR LPSURYH WKHLU 6$,', IRU HQG FXVWRPHU EHQHÃ&#x20AC;WV 7KH 6$,', 6\VWHP

56

Average Interruption Duration Index) is the average RXWDJH GXUDWLRQ IRU HDFK FXVWRPHU VHUYHG LQFOXGHV ERWK planned and unplanned minutes off supply. For Indian 'LVWULEXWLRQ 8WLOLWLHV DYHUDJH 6$,', LV PRUH WKDQ PLQXWHV 7KH IDXOW ORFDWLRQ LVRODWLRQ VHUYLFH UHVWRUDWLRQ is at the present time performed manually 7\SLFDOO\ 09 QHWZRUNV LQ ,QGLD DUH RSHUDWHG UDGLDOO\ ZLWK IHHGHUV FRQQHFWHG E\ QRUPDOO\ RSHQ VZLWFKHV RU GLVFRQQHFWRUV[1] /DUJH LQWHUFRQQHFWHG XUEDQ QHWZRUNV FDQ KDYH PDQ\ RSWLRQV IRU UH FRQÃ&#x20AC;JXUDWLRQ 'HFLVLRQ VXSSRUW V\VWHPV WR VXSSRUW WKH FRQWURO URRP RSHUDWRUV KDYH EHHQ D UHVHDUFK WRSLF IRU PDQ\ \HDUV[2] DQG KDYH EHHQ LQWHJUDWHG LQWR 'LVWULEXWLRQ 0DQDJHPHQW 6\VWHPV '06

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´6PDUW *ULG $XWRPDWLF 5HVWRUDWLRQ 6\VWHPµ DOVR QDPHG ´,QWHOOL7HDP ,, $XWRPDWLF 5HVWRUDWLRQ 6\VWHPµ [4] ZKLFK

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aims at rapidly isolating the faults on the network and UHFRQÃ&#x20AC;JXULQJ WKH QHWZRUN LQ RUGHU WR UHVWRUH VHUYLFH WR QRQ IDXOW\ VHFWLRQV WDNLQJ LQWR DFFRXQW SRVVLEOH RYHU ORDGLQJV +RZHYHU WKH ORJLF RI WKH ,QWHOOL7HDP V\VWHP LV EDVHG RQ D YROWDJH UHFRYHU\ PHWKRG ZKDWHYHU WKH W\SH RI IDXOW ZKLFK LV QRW DOORZHG LQ )UDQFH IRU H[DPSOH H[FHSW LQ SDUWLFXODU GLVWULEXWLRQ QHWZRUNV DQG RQO\ RQ RQH SKDVH <HW DQRWKHU GHYLFH GHYHORSHG E\ 6 & DQG GHVLJQHG IRU WKH ,QWHOOL7HDP UHVWRUDWLRQ V\VWHP DOORZV SXOVH FORVXUHV LQ RUGHU WR UHGXFH VWUHVV RQ WKH QHWZRUN·V FRPSRQHQWV> @.

6 & LV QRW WKH RQO\ FRPSDQ\ ZRUNLQJ RQ DXWRPDWLF UHVWRUDWLRQ V\VWHPV '21* (QHUJ\ 'HQPDUN KDV GHYHORSHG D ORFDO DXWRPDWHG VXEVWDWLRQ 6$&6H [6] ZKLFK FRPSOHPHQWV 3RZHUVHQVH·V ',6&26 PRQLWRULQJ system [7] used for retrieving measurements and remotely FRQWUROOLQJ VZLWFKHV '21* (QHUJ\·V VXEVWDWLRQ IXQFWLRQLQJ LV KRZHYHU EDVHG RQ D GLVWULEXWHG LQWHOOLJHQFH XVLQJ RQO\ ORFDO LQIRUPDWLRQ 7KH 6$&6H VXEVWDWLRQV DUH GHVLJQHG WR UHDFW IDVWHU WKDQ the primary substation when seeing a downstream fault. ,I WKH VWDWLRQ LV GH HQHUJL]HG EHFDXVH RI DQ XSVWUHDP IDXOW LW GLVFRQQHFWV IURP WKH XSVWUHDP EUDQFK DQG FORVHV LWV EUHDNHU WR WKH EDFNXS IHHGHU WKXV UHHQHUJL]LQJ WKH GRZQVWUHDP SDUW RI WKH QHWZRUN 7KH LPSOHPHQWHG ORJLF VXLWV PDQ\ IDXOW VLWXDWLRQV DQG IHHGHU FRQÃ&#x20AC;JXUDWLRQV 0RUH WKDQ RQH 6$&6H FDQ EH LQVWDOOHG RQ WKH VDPH IHHGHU WKHUHIRUH UHGXFLQJ WKH VL]H RI WKH VPDOOHVW ]RQH WKDW FDQ EH LPSDFWHG E\ WKH IDXOW

&KDQJH PDQDJHPHQW DQG RWKHU RUJDQL]DWLRQDO DVSHFWV ZLOO EH GHVFULEHG LQ WKLV SDSHU

Potential Solution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

A. Centralized &HQWUDOL]HG 6&$'$ ´6XSHUYLVRU\ &RQWURO DQG 'DWD $FTXLVLWLRQµ PDQDJHV WKH GHFLVLRQ DQG VHQG UHVWRUDWLRQ FRQWURO RUGHUV WR WKH 578 ´5HPRWH 7HUPLQDO 8QLWµ 7KH 578 DUH SDVVLYH LQ WKLV VROXWLRQ 7KLV FDQ EH XVHG IRU DOO NLQG RI JULG IURP VLPSOH WR YHU\ FRPSOH[ QHWZRUN VFKHPHV 7KH UHFRQÃ&#x20AC;JXUDWLRQ WLPH LV EDVLFDOO\ ORZHU WKDQ PLQXWHV 7KH JULG ORRS LV RSHQ

B. Semi-Centralized

6HOI +HDOLQJ GHVFULEHG LQ WKLV SDSHU LV DQ LQWHOOLJHQW 578 5HPRWH 7HUPLQDO 8QLW EDVHG DXWRPDWHG IDXOW ORFDWLRQ LVRODWLRQ DQG VHUYLFH UHVWRUDWLRQ ,W LQFOXGHV WKH LGHQWLÃ&#x20AC;FDWLRQ RI D IDXOW WKH HYHQW ORFDOL]DWLRQ WKH LVRODWLQJ RI WKH IDXOW\ VHFWLRQ DQG UHFRQÃ&#x20AC;JXUDWLRQ RI WKH JULG WR UH HQHUJL]H IDXOW\ VHFWLRQV DV IDVW DV SRVVLEOH

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Pilot Project Reference

)XOO GHFHQWUDOL]HG VROXWLRQ LQ ZKLFK WKH 578·V UHDFW DXWRPDWLFDOO\ WR UHFRQÃ&#x20AC;JXUH WKH QHWZRUN DQG PLJKW SRVVLEO\ LQIRUP WKH 6&$'$ 7KLV DUFKLWHFWXUH LV ZHOO DGDSWHG IRU VLPSOH QHWZRUN VFKHPHV DQG WKH UHFRQÃ&#x20AC;JXUDWLRQ WLPH FDQ EH OHVV WKDQ V GHSHQGLQJ RQ WKH 09 /9 VXEVWDWLRQV QXPEHU LQYROYHG 7KH JULG ORRS is open.

&XUUHQWO\ WKHUH DUH VHYHUDO H[DPSOHV RI D VHOI KHDOLQJ GLVWULEXWLRQ JULG )RU LQVWDQFH LQ )RUWXP 2\ 0DVDOD )LQODQG ZKHUH D GLVWULEXWLRQ JULG FRQVLVWLQJ RI PDLQO\ overhead lines is automated [8]. In this example the GLVWULEXWLRQ IHHGHUV DUH GLYLGHG LQ IRXU ]RQHV ZKLFK DUH HTXLSSHG ZLWK LQWHOOLJHQW IDXOW SDVVDJH LQGLFDWRUV )3, UHFORVHUV DQG VZLWFK GLVFRQQHFWRUV 7KH ORJLF LV SURJUDPPHG LQ ORFDO 5HPRWH 7HUPLQDO 8QLWV 578 ,Q these types of grids the main type of faults are temporary.

QG UHIHUHQFH LV 'XWFK GLVWULEXWLRQ RSHUDWRU 6WHGLQ ZKR LQ RUGHU WR PLQLPL]H WKH IDXOW RXWDJH WLPH KDV VWDUWHG D SURMHFW WR DGDSW DXWRPDWLRQ WR WKHLU GLVWULEXWLRQ JULG 7KH SURMHFW FRQVLVWV RI LQVWDOOLQJ IDXOW SDVVDJH LQGLFDWRUV DQG DGYDQFHG WHFKQLTXHV VXFK DV LQWHOOLJHQW UHPRWH FRQWUROOHG ULQJ PDLQ XQLWV DQG D FRPSOHWH VHOI KHDOLQJ GLVWULEXWLRQ IHHGHU 6HOI +HDOLQJ V\VWHPV KDYH D WHFKQLFDO LPSDFW EXW DOVR DQ RUJDQL]DWLRQDO LPSDFW

May 2017

C. De-Cntralized

Self Healing Architecture )RU WKH 6WHGLQ VHOI KHDOLQJ JULG SLORW D 09 N9 QHWZRUN LQ WKH FLW\ FHQWUH RI 5RWWHUGDP ZDV VHOHFWHG 7KLV QHWZRUN FRQVLVWV RI VHFRQGDU\ VXEVWDWLRQV FRQQHFWHG LQ D ULQJ ,W LV RSHUDWHG DV WZR UDGLDO IHHGHUV E\ FUHDWLQJ D QRUPDOO\ RSHQ SRLQW 6HH Ã&#x20AC;JXUH 7KH VROXWLRQ SUHVHQWHG KHUHDIWHU RQ D 'LVWULEXWLRQ JULG LV D IDXOW ORFDWLRQ LVRODWLRQ DQG VHUYLFH UHVWRUDWLRQ V\VWHP IRU XQGHUJURXQG GLVWULEXWLRQ JULG XVLQJ IXOO GHFHQWUDOL]HG FRQWUROOHUV DQG *356 ´*HQHUDO 3DFNHW 5DGLR 6HUYLFHµ

SHHU WR SHHU FRPPXQLFDWLRQV

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DistributionManagement

,Q WKLV Ă&#x20AC;JXUH D 6+ ER[ LV GHSLFWHG ZKLFK FRQVLVWV RI the RTU including a battery and a GPRS modem for communication purposes. The fault passage status is calculated within the RTU using a current measurement RQ WKH LQFRPLQJ DQG RXWJRLQJ FDEOHV )LQDOO\ D YROWDJH SUHVHQFH LQGLFDWRU LV FDSDFLWLYH FRQQHFWHG WR HDFK FDEOH to detect if the cable is energized

Communication Infrastructure

Figure 1. MV-Network for the Self-Healing Grid Pilot

The self healing algorithm is based on the same principles as with manual switching, executed by PLC (â&#x20AC;&#x153;Programmable Logic Controllerâ&#x20AC;?) engines embedded within RTU / switch controllers.

7KLV SLORW KDV VHFRQGDU\ VXEVWDWLRQV Ă&#x20AC;WWHG ZLWK automation equipment but in order to explain the Slef+HDOLQJ DOJRULWKP OHWV VHOHFW Ă&#x20AC;YH VXEVWDWLRQV VR WKDW WKH ring was approximately equal cable lengths and numbers of customers.

These secondary substations are equipped distribution automation which consists of:

The daily operation of a power system relies more and more on communication. For instance, remote switching operations, data collection for the historical information system and state estimation are functions which need a communication infrastructure. Stedin has setup their own communication infrastructure which means that for SULPDU\ VXEVWDWLRQV DQ RZQ 7&3 ,3 QHWZRUN FRQVLVWLQJ RI Ă&#x20AC;EUH RSWLF DQG FRSSHU FDEOHV )RU WKH VHFRQGDU\ substations GPRS/UMTS will be used from a selected WHOHFRP SURYLGHU VHFRQGDU\ VXEVWDWLRQV LV VKRZQ LQ Ă&#x20AC;JXUH

with

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$ PRWRU GULYH WR RSHUDWH WKH ORDG EUHDN VZLWFKHV

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A RTU in which the logic is programmed

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Fault Passage Indicators(FPI)

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Voltage presence detection

7KH FLUFXLW EUHDNHUV LQ WKH SULPDU\ VXEVWDWLRQ DUH automated with different equipment: h

$ SURWHFWLRQ UHOD\ WR WULS WKH FLUFXLW EUHDNHU

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A SCADA RTU for monitoring and control

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A Self-Healing RTU controller to initiate the FLISR VHTXHQFH DQG UHFORVH WKH EUHDNHU

)LJXUH JLYHV D PRUH GHWDLOHG RYHUYLHZ RI WKH GLVWULEXWLRQ automation in the secondary substations

Figure 3. Generic Overview of Stedin Communication Infrastructure

General principles of self healing The idea behind the self-healing grid is to automate the PDQXDO IDXOW UHVWRUDWLRQ SURFHGXUH $V GHVFULEHG DERYH D VPDOO QXPEHU RI VXEVWDWLRQV DUH Ă&#x20AC;WWHG ZLWK DXWRPDWLRQ equipment. The Self Healing system will rapidly restore 2 out of 3 feeder sections (and customers) automatically EXW OHDYH RQH IHHGHU VHFWLRQ LVRODWHG /RFDWLRQ RI WKH actual fault within this section and restoring supply to the remaining customers will be performed using the traditional manual process.

The self-healing grid is able to handle cable faults as well as busbar faults in the RMU. In case of two faults at the same time the self-healing grid is able to restore the power as much as possible.

Figure 2. Detailed Overview of the Distribution Automation

58

There are two main principles for the fault location and isolation algorithm:

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DistributionManagement

A. Between Nodes If the fault detectors indicate that the fault is located between two nodes, then this is due to a cable fault and switches are opened in both nodes.

B. Within Nodes If the fault detectors indicate that the fault is located within a node, then this is probably due to a fault at a cable termination at the RMU. In this case, opening switches within the node will not guarantee that the fault is isolated. The system therefore opens (or leaves open) switches in the two neighboring nodes

The switch controllers communicate with their neighbors (and also to the SCADA system, for information & monitoring only) via GPRS. The communication topology between the controllers mirrors the electrical grid topology which makes it easier to introduce new controllers in the future. Therefore, the solution is scalable with a few RSHUDWLRQV LQ FDVH RI PRGLĂ&#x20AC;FDWLRQ RU H[WHQVLRQ RI WKH JULG since every RTU only has to know its neighbor

Self healing grid algorithm

other nodes;

The sequence is started when a controller at the primary substation detects that the protection relay has operated.

7KH DOJRULWKP ZRUNV LQ WZR SKDVHV 7KH Ă&#x20AC;UVW SKDVH LV WKH â&#x20AC;&#x153;upstream isolationâ&#x20AC;? phase. Each node analyses if the fault is located upstream of itself, and if necessary isolate it. The second phase is the â&#x20AC;&#x153;downstream isolationâ&#x20AC;? phase.

Each node analyses if the fault is located downstream of itself, and if necessary isolates it

b.

Robustness: if a switch fails to operate to isolate a fault, then the system will try the next switch;

A. Phase-1

c.

Fault-tolerance: handle missing fault passage indications.

G

1RGH GHĂ&#x20AC;QLWLRQ ,Q WKLV UHVWRUDWLRQ SURFHGXUH WKH faulted cable section is isolated by opening two load break switches. The healthy sections are re-circuit EUHDNHU 7KLV KDV OHG WR WKH GHĂ&#x20AC;QLWLRQ RI D WZR W\SHV of nodes:

During phase 1, messages are sent â&#x20AC;&#x153;downstreamâ&#x20AC;? from the feeder CB node via the Breaking Nodes to the Making node. As each Breaking Node receives a message, it DQDO\VHV LWV RZQ ORFDO IDXOW SDVVDJH LQGLFDWRUV WR Ă&#x20AC;QG RXW if the fault is isolate itself from the fault.

The algorithm also had to take into account other features: a.

Safety: when any node is put in local mode, the selfhealing scheme is automatically disabled at all the

a) Breaking nodes b) Making nodes The breaking nodes are used for isolating the faulted component while the making nodes are used for reenergizing the MV-network. The controllers at each ORFDWLRQ DUH FRQĂ&#x20AC;JXUHG ZLWK WKH DSSURSULDWH QRGH GHĂ&#x20AC;QLWLRQV DV VKRZQ LQ Ă&#x20AC;JXUH )RU VLPSOLFLW\ WKH secondary substations between the controllable substations are not shown. The blue dotted lines indicate communication channels between the various SH- boxes

If a Breaking Node successfully isolates the fault, then it will forward the message to the Making Node with the status â&#x20AC;&#x153;Fault Upstream and Isolatedâ&#x20AC;?. If this status is received by the Making node, it will close the normally open switch.

For example, if there is a short circuit between SH 2 DQG 6+ DV VKRZQ LQ Ă&#x20AC;JXUH WKHQ 6+ ZLOO LQLWLDWH WKH VHTXHQFH 'XULQJ WKH Ă&#x20AC;UVW SKDVH 6+ ZLOO RSHQ LWV XSVWUHDP ORDG EUHDN VZLWFK DQG 6+ ZLOO FORVH WKH normally open switch

B. Phase-2 During phase 2, a second set of messages are sent â&#x20AC;&#x153;upstreamâ&#x20AC;? from the Making Node via the Breaking Nodes back to the feeder CB node. During this phase, each Breaking Node will complete its analysis of whether the fault is downstream of itself. If so, then it will open a switch to isolate on the upstream side of the fault.

If a Breaking Node successfully isolates the fault, then it will forward the message to the CB Node with the status â&#x20AC;&#x153;Fault Downstream and Isolatedâ&#x20AC;?. If this status is received by the CB node, it will re-close the breaker.

For the example of a short circuit between SH 2 and SH 3, during the second phase SH 2 will open its downstream load break switch and then SH 1 will reclose the breaker.

Figure 4. Assignmet of breaking & Making Node

May 2017

At the end of the cycle, only the feeder section between SH 2 and SH 3 is still de-energized. The status of each node is sent to the control centre which can send a repair crew directly to faulted feeder part.

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DistributionManagement

The complete cycle of the self-healing grid takes less than one minute depending on the number of switching operations required. Hence the majority of the connected customers experience a power outage of one minute. In comparison with an average outage time of two hours this is a big improvement

shift, people have to be informed in an early stage of the project. Key issues are safety, active participation DQG FRQĂ&#x20AC;GHQFH LQ WKH VROXWLRQ 6WHGLQ KDV DGGUHVVHG these issues by organizing workshops, road shows and presentations in the various departments which encounters this new technology.

Proof of Concept (Greenlys Pilot)

0RUHRYHU WR JDLQ FRQĂ&#x20AC;GHQFH DQG H[SHULHQFH RI WKH VHOI healing grid system a setup of the complete system was made in a test environment. A network ring simulator box was built that provides the correct indication of voltage presence as a function of the (simulated) MV load break switches, The simulator box included simulation of the fault currents to trigger the fault passage indicators and simulation of the protection relay trip signal. Maintenance engineers and operators of the control centre were invited to attend the demonstrations and on their request all possible fault scenarios could be simulated and the system reaction could bedemonstrated. These demonstrations were necessary and helped a lot in gaining acceptance of the new technology and systems.

An overview of the test and demo environment is given LQ Ă&#x20AC;JXUH

French national program, GreenLys, is a smart grid project demonstrator at real scale developed on the municipalities of Lyon and Grenoble, and covering the whole chain of the electric system.

GreenLys gathers a consortium of main players of the French energy landscape: ERDF, GEG, GDF SUEZ, Schneider Electric, Grenoble-INP, ATOS Origin, Alstom, RTE, Hespul, LEPII, RAEE & CEA INES. GreenLys EHQHĂ&#x20AC;WV RQ WRS RI WKH DFWLYH VXSSRUW RI WKH FLWLHV RI /\RQ and Grenoble.

Beyond technology, one of the GreenLys project main deliverables will be to understand value creation for customers, the grids, the society & analyze human behaviors. The selected portion grid of GEG used for GreenLys experimentation contains 29 MV/LV substations. Among these 29 MV/LV substations, 5 of WKHP DUH DXWRPDWHG DQG WKH RWKHUV DUH RQO\ PRQLWRUHG with â&#x20AC;&#x153;passiveâ&#x20AC;? RTU solutions for monitoring purposes.

The self healing system uses two additional RTUs, one for each feeder circuit breaker.

The full architecture and algorithm was developed in a platform lab since after installation on a live distribution LW LV QRW SRVVLEOH RU YHU\ GLIĂ&#x20AC;FXOW WR WHVW WKH VHOI KHDOLQJ algorithm anymore. This step was mandatory to prove the correct operation and to gain acceptance by a wide range of people 7HFKQLFDO UHTXLUHPHQWV IRU WKH GHSOR\PHQW RQ Ă&#x20AC;HOG ZHUH h

Motors drive within MV/LV substations

Figure 5. Self Healing Testing Laboratory at Schneider Electric (India)

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Active RTU to remotely pilot switches within RMU

Conclusion

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Communication: GPRS or Ethernet FO.

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Synchronization: SNTP

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Fault passage indicators (FPI)

h

Voltage Presence Indicator System (VPIS)

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Automation algorithm & software within RTU

Socialimpact & Perspective Smart grid solutions not only have an impact on the behavior of the network, it also affects people which encounter the changing behavior of the grid. In this paper a self-healing grid is discussed which alters the fault handling and restoration. Maintenance engineers and operators of the control centre have to adapt fault handing and restoration procedures that have been used for more than thirty years. To obtain the needed paradigm

60

Though, in this paper Self Healing principle and implementation is explained via â&#x20AC;&#x153;Simpleâ&#x20AC;? Two Feeder network but in practical distribution network in India is more complex and would pose its challenges however WKLV SDSHU GHVFULEHV SULQFLSOH DQG EHQHĂ&#x20AC;WV RI WKH 6HOI Healing towards the improvement of SAIDI and thereby customer satisfaction . For a successful implementation technical as well as organizational issues have to be addressed by organizing workshops, road shows, presentations and demonstrations. Besides these issues application of self-healing grids affect the grid design.

Ring structured MV-networks in combination with radial LV-networks are most suitable to apply the self- healing grid functionality as described in this paper.

Cyber security was addressed during the project by ensuring that all communication was via private networks,

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DistributionManagement

either physical or virtual. It is expected that when the number of smart grid solutions increases this topic needs much more attention.

So we can conclude that Self healing is thus a way to improve SAIDI System Average Interruption Duration Index and therefore improve customer satisfaction. However, Self Healing systems have also an organizational impact.

Indeed, a self healing system should reduce crew patrol and drive times through improved outage location. On the RWKHU KDQG 508¡V KDYH WR EH UHWURĂ&#x20AC;WWHG ZLWK PRWRU GULYHV IRU LQVWDQFH 578 WR EH FRQĂ&#x20AC;JXUHG WR PDWFK WKH ZKROH system. Change management and other organizational aspects will be described in the main paper. %H\RQG UHFRQĂ&#x20AC;JXUDWLRQ WLPH SHUIRUPDQFH REWDLQHG WKH solution is a cost effective solution. Today this solution is well adapted for very simple grid network scheme but the future is to improve the solution & algorithms to take into DFFRXQW PRUH FRPSOH[ JULG FRQĂ&#x20AC;JXUDWLRQ ORDG VWDWXV RI WKH JULG 1HWZRUN 7RSRORJ\ 3RZHU Ă RZ VLWXDWLRQV REFERENCES [1] Laverki, E. and Holmes, E.J.: Electricity Distribution Network Design 2nd Ed 1997, IET Power And Energy Series, IBSN SS 3DSHUV IURP &RQIHUHQFH Proceedings (Published): [2] Gotzig, B., Hadjsaid, N., Jeannot, R. and Feuillet, R: â&#x20AC;&#x153;Optimization of large scale distribution systems in normal and emergency state for real time applicationâ&#x20AC;? in IFAC/CIGRE Control of power systems and power plants, Beijing 1997 SS [3] Shephard, B. and Barker, J: â&#x20AC;&#x153;33kV automatic fault isolation and supply restorationâ&#x20AC;? in Proceedings of International Conference on Power System Management and Control, -DQXDU\ SS > @ 6WDV]HVN\ ' 0 DQG &UDLJ ' DQG %HIXV & ´$GYDQFHG feeder automation is here,â&#x20AC;? Power and Energy Magazine, IEEE, Vol. 3, pp. 56- 63, 2005 [5] Baker, J. and Meisinger, M., â&#x20AC;&#x153;Experience with a distributed intelligence, self-healing solution for medium-voltage feeders on the Isle of Wight,â&#x20AC;? in Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT Europe), 2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on [6] Rasmussen, â&#x20AC;&#x153;A real case of self healing distribution network,â&#x20AC;? in Electricity Distribution Part 1, CIRED 2009. 20th International Conference and Exhibition on [7] Northcote-Green, James and Speiermann, Martin and Klingsten Nielsen, Jesper, â&#x20AC;&#x153;Third generation monitoring systems for electric power distribution networks lay the foundation for future SmartGrids Electricity Distribution,â&#x20AC;? in Electricity Distribution - Part 1, CIRED 2009. 20th International Conference and Exhibition on. Ć&#x201C;

Sandeep Pathak Smart Grid Expert & Smart Grid Architect Schneider Electric, Noida, India sandeep.pathak@schndider-electric.com, for_sandeeppathak@yahoo.com

May 2017

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ExpertSpeak

illions of people worldwide in the rural population do not have access to electricity for the most basic goods required for survival. India, with its large population and rapidly growing economy, needs access to clean, cheap and reliable sources of energy. Renewable Energy deployment around the world depends on a combination of technological improvements, new applications of existing technologies, systemic creation RI QHZ EXVLQHVV RU Ă&#x20AC;QDQFLQJ PRGHOV DQG QHZ PRUH inclusive policy mechanisms. Country lies in the high solar insolation region, endowed with huge solar as well as wind energy potential.The objective of the paper is to provide a framework for large grid connected wind VRODU 39 V\VWHP IRU RSWLPDO DQG HIĂ&#x20AC;FLHQW XWLOL]DWLRQ RI existing transmission infrastructure and land, reducing the variability in renewable power generation and thus achieving better grid stability. Further, the aim is to encourage new technologies, methods and way outs involving combined operation of wind and solar PV plants. Solar and wind being almost complementary to each other, hybrid of two technologies would help in PLQLPL]LQJ WKH YDULDELOLW\ DSDUW IURP RSWLPDOO\ XWLOL]LQJ WKH infrastructure including land and transmission system and thus strengthening the energy security of the country.

Introduction Renewable Energy has emerged, with growing frequency, as the least-cost option to meet Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s

62

raising energy needs. With one of the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s largest and most ambitious renewable energy programme, India can take a leading role in a renewable energy transformation both regionally and globally. Wind, bio-energy, small hydropower and solar photovoltaics (PV) have all become increasingly competitive with fossilfuel-based power generation. India, with its endemic problem of access to energy, has seen much innovation in low-cost renewable applications and is constantly HYROYLQJ GLVWULEXWLRQ DQG Ă&#x20AC;QDQFLQJ PRGHOV ,QGLD KDV now set a target to install 175 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2022, including 100 GW of solar, 60 GW of wind, 10 GW of biomass and 5 GW of small hydropower, showing awareness how the marketplace for renewable energy technologies is changing.

Today, integrating large shares of variable power generation requires important consideration of the planning for, and development of, a future grid. Detailed system analysis and market design are key to enabling integration, and investment certainty needs to be provided to utilities and system owners so as to enable growth in generation assets and infrastructure. Integrating renewables into the power sector also has endogenous implications for using the capacity of complementary generation assets. Increased renewable penetration FRXOG OHDG WR ORZ FDSDFLW\ XWLOL]DWLRQ IRU FRPSOHPHQWDU\ DVVHWV WKDW FRXOG EH UHTXLUHG WR HQDEOH Ă H[LELOLW\

May 2017

ExpertSpeak

The recently need of green energy corridor could help address some of these challenges. The project will found improvements in electric transmission systems to facilitate the transport of power from areas rich in renewable energy to parts of the country where demand for power is high. Another interesting approach is the development of solar-wind hybrid projects that can use transmission infrastructure better by reducing the variability and production peaks of large renewable power projects and thus demand on the grid.

Motivation and Objective People who live in underdeveloped countries have to spend a substantial part of their income on fuel for cooking food than they have to spend on the food itself. These countries are mostly tropical countries; ironically these are countries with plenty of sunlight and the wind to power many of the people´s basic needs.

Photovoltaic panels and wind turbines can easily capture enough energy. This could be the beginning steps to decrease starvation in poor countries where nothing or little is done to ensure the basic needs for the human right to live. The lack of technology, at affordable prices, is one of the causes that hinder the investment in such underdeveloped countries. The need is to get low budget solutions for high price problems and need of innovators who can develop new technologies and improve the ones that already exist. Hybrid energy systems are one of the possible solutions to this problem. Imagine a small village in the middle of Africa or in India where people need to pump water, cook food, lights to read books and learn where they need the energy to improve the standards of their life. Transport networks do not reach such points, in many other continents, where people still today have no means to take for granted the basic needs to live. So, it is needed to improve the ways by which these hybrid renewable systems are designed WR PLQLPL]H WKH LQYHVWPHQWV WR EH PDGH DQG PDNH LW possible to support the millions of people. That is why this paper contemplates ways to increase the reliability of integration of such renewable sources when designing stand-alone on grid connected hybrid energy systems.

Himalayan and desert regions are one of the supreme regions for solar energy as well as wind energy in the country with availability of salubrious solar radiation, wind potential, arable and forest land and low temperature. Due to intermittency and variability of the renewable sources D K\EULGL]HG DSSURDFK LV UHTXLUHG IRU FRPSOHPHQWDU\ XWLOL]DWLRQ RI WKHVH UHQHZDEOH VRXUFHV WRJHWKHU 6WRUDJH VROXWLRQV RIIHU WKH ÁH[LELOLW\ LQ XVDJH UHQHZDEOH SRZHU WR match the load demands. Large scale battery storage is emerging as one of the storage option and similar plants are being developed world wide.

The main objective is to provide a framework for large grid connected and stands alone wind solar PV system IRU RSWLPDO DQG HIÀFLHQW XWLOL]DWLRQ RI H[LVWLQJ WUDQVPLVVLRQ infrastructure and land, reducing the variability in

May 2017

renewable power generation and thus achieving better grid stability. Further, the aims is to encourage new technologies, methods and way outs dispatch strategies involving combined operation of wind and solar PV plants WR RSWLPL]DWLRQ RI WKH K\EULG HQHUJ\

Challenges in India to meet target of 175 GW India has undertaken the ambitious target of 175 GW installed capacity of Renewable Power by 2022 as part of its clean climate commitments. In this mission to address the challenges of sustainable growth and energy security, total 46.67 GW grid-connected renewable capacities has been achieved. During the period of April to October 2016, 53.91 BU were generated from renewable energy sources which is 7.30 % of the total generation against the 6.04 % of the generation reported during 2015-16. The major issues and challenges in solar are (a) Procurement of Land for solar installation.

E 'LIÀFXOWLHV IDFHG LQ PHHWLQJ URRIWRS VRODU SRZHU target of 40 GW. (c) Limited solar manufacturing capacity. (d) Noncompliance of solar RPO by State XWLOLWLHV H 'HOD\ LQ VLJQLQJ RI 33$ DIWHU ÀQDOLVDWLRQ RI tenders. (f) Transmission Infrastructure and Grid Stability. (g) Mandating Must-run status for all solar projects. (h) Delay in connectivity due to lack of support from STU/ DISCOMs. (i) Delay in payment to Project developers

by DISCOMs. (j) Approval of tariff by state regulators. (k) Commitment to buy solar power generated in the solar projects. The major issues in wind sector are (a) Signing PPA with Wind Projects. (b) Timely payment to Wind Power Generators. (c) Backing- down of wind power. (d) Forecasting and Scheduling of Wind Power. (e) Bidding of Future Projects. (f) Timely Completion of Projects. (g) Evacuation & Transmission Infrastructure.

K 5DWLRQDOL]DWLRQ 7UDQVPLVVLRQ :KHHOLQJ &KDUJHV The major Issue of Biomass power Some major barriers IDFHG LQ IDVWHU UHDOL]DWLRQ RI DYDLODEOH ELRPDVV SRZHU potential include (a) Land availability and lack of skilled human resources still lacking to run the power plant at optimal rated capacity. (b) Lack of reliable information on biomass availability. (c) Management of biomass supply chain. (d) Inadequate feed-in-tariff in some of the states. (e) Grid availability for power evacuation. (f) Lack of single window clearance for project approvals in many states. (g) High cost of c apital. (h) Industry lacks reliable and sustainable biomass su pply chain at reasonable SULFH GXH WR /DFN RI HIÀFLHQW PDUNHW PHFKDQLVP RI biomass collection, processing, transportation and safe VWRUDJH L ,QDGHTXDF\ WR UDLVH ÀQDQFHV IURP ),V ERWK for the establishment of project and working capital requirement (j) SERCs need to pay tariff at par with CERC for encouragement to biomass sector with viable tariff (k) Delayed payments by discoms (l) PPA not being signed by the state electricity regulators (m) Lack of single window clearance for project approvals in many states (n)

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ExpertSpeak

Global Tracking Framework

)LJ 6ROXWLRQ IRU HQHUJ\ HIÃ&#x20AC;FLHQF\

Case Study Kaza Hybrid Project: Himalayan State of India

Fig. 1Pools and standardizes

7KH ORDG SURÃ&#x20AC;OH RI .D]D LV DURXQG 0: LQ WKH GD\ WLPH DQG 0: LQ WKH HYHQLQJ SHDNV .D]D VRXUFHV SRZHU partly from 1 MW mini hydro plant which is existing in .D]D 7KH UHPDLQLQJ SRZHU LV REWDLQHG IURP 5HNRQJ 3HR ZKLFK LV DURXQG NLORPHWHUV DZD\ IURP .D]D The load in winter goes down as 50% of summer load.

7KLV LQGLFDWHV WKH ORDG UHTXLUHPHQWV RI .D]D LV TXLWH VXLWDEOH IRU VRODU SRZHU JHQHUDWLRQ SURÃ&#x20AC;OH 7KH HVWLPDWHG DQQXDO SRZHU FRQVXPSWLRQ RI .D]D LV DURXQG PLOOLRQ units provided there is no intermittence in the power VXSSO\ 7KH H[LVWLQJ SRZHU VXSSO\ FRQGLWLRQ LQ .D]D is highly intermittent and the present consumption is around 8 million units. The available mini hydro plant is generating around 8 million units per annum and the rest of the power is getting imported. To meet the shortage RI PLOOLRQ XQLWV RI WKH HVWLPDWHG FRQVXPSWLRQ .D]D may require at least 6 MW of solar plant. Therefore the SURSRVHG VRODU SODQW LQ .D]D ZLOO FDWHU WKH FXUUHQW QHHGV

)LJ 6ROXWLRQ IRU WUDFNLQJ HOHFWULÃ&#x20AC;FDWLRQ

This section discussed a case study of demonstration project of Himalayan State to trigger further growth of desert region. With this background, in research work study of a 2.5 MW hybrid solar PV power plant which is having capacities of 2.0 MW of PV and 0.5 MW of wind power presents. 1 MWh battery storage system also developed meet load requirements of the local FRPPXQLW\ 7KH JHQHUDWHG SRZHU PDLQO\ XWLOL]HG ORFDOO\ and remaining excessed power fed to the grid and if any shortage during adverse climatic days the grid power consumed locally. The proposed hybrid system design based on smart grid technology, which reduced the overall cost and increase the performance of system.

Fig. 3 Solution for energy efficiency

64

.HHSLQJ LQ YLHZ RI WKH ORDG GHWDLOV DQG WKH DYDLODEOH land it is proposed to develop 2 MW of PV power plants and 0.5 MW wind power plant to meet the shortage. As WKH JHQHUDWLRQ SURÃ&#x20AC;OH RI VRODU SRZHU LV RQO\ LQ GD\ WLPH with peaking around noon, the power generated need to be scheduled as per load demand. The scheduling can be done through controlling the generation from hydro power plant and/or by employing large scale battery storage. As the available hydro plant is 1 MW only,

May 2017

ExpertSpeak

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of proposes hynrif solar power plant.

scheduling through hydro is limited. Therefore around 1 MWh battery storage is proposed to schedule the power.

The proposed battery will also be used to smoothen the power generated from solar plant. The schematic diagram of the proposed plant is shown above where the power generated from solar is stored into battery through a controller and the power is drawn from the battery and then converted to AC and will be fed to switchyard. The wind power also will be connected at switchyard along with grid power. A smart control mechanism will be deployed to schedule all the sources of energy as per ORDG GHPDQG DQG JHQHUDWLRQ SURÀOH

The power generated from the plant will be mainly used locally and any additional power will be fed to 33 kV grid. In the times of limited generation of power due to variation in resources (solar/wind) the grid power will be consumed. The generation and load demand of D W\SLFDO EDODQFHG GD\ LV LOOXVWUDWHG LQ WKH ÀJXUH DERYH Whenever excess generation is through solar the initial preference will be given to charge the battery beyond which the power will be fed to grid. During the shortage hours especially evening peaks the batteries will be discharged to meet the load and beyond the limit of battery storage grid power will be used.

The large scale battery storage will also be used to smoothen the sharp peaks in solar and wind power generation. To enable this possible options to couple the storage with wind power also will be explored for avoiding any sharp peaks from wind power generation.

)LJ ,OOXVWUDWLRQ ORDG DQG JHQHUDWLRQ SURÀOH RI D W\SLFDO GD\

7KH SURSRVHG V\VWHP RI .D]D LV D JULG FRQFWHG V\VWHP with large scale storage. Selection of suitable components based on site conditions and load conditions for development of solar PV system is key in system design.

The fundamentals of different components of PV system are given below.

Fig. 7 Schematic diagram of a DC coupled Grid-Connected PV system with storage

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ExpertSpeak

Fig. 8 Schematic of AC coupled PV system with storage.

The way forward The renewable energy integration system modeled in WKLV ZRUN LV HIĂ&#x20AC;FLHQW ORQJ OLIH DQG FKHDSHU DV FRPSDUHG to the hybrid system with that of using the battery. The parameters of the proposed model in this work can be further improved or advanced control method can be used. A computer measurement and control bus may also be added to the system. Computer controlled relays will allow all the major elements of the system to

66

be switched in and out of the system through computer programs. These provisions will help in the better study of more complex issues such as power faults, caused by sudden over voltages like lightning. In future, the effort to improve the stability and dynamics of grid connected Wind-PV generator may also be made. Ć&#x201C; Radhey Shyam Meena Dilip Nigam, A K Tripathi Ministry of New & Renewable Energy, New Delhi

May 2017

ExpertSpeak

nergy meters are revenue registers of entire chain of power infrastructure, with meter data analytics, utilities can leverage true potential of their investment especially in smart grid. Utility business today is undergoing a swirl of change. However, amid all the uncertainty, there is one matter, on which nearly everyone can agree: data has become the lifeblood of any successful business venture.

Going forward, all industry sectors, especially the energy industry, will look to harness the volumes of data stored in their corporate coffers and turn it into some strategic DQG SURÀWDEOH EXVLQHVV LQVLJKWV

Types of data fetched from advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) Smart meters provide two types of raw data: (1) Interval UHDGV (YHQW UHDGV 7KH ÁRZ RI GDWD WKURXJK YDULRXV smart grid components is shown in Figure 1.

This papers highlights the conversion of ‘raw data’ REWDLQHG IURP VPDUW PHWHUV LQWR VLJQLÀFDQW ¶LQIRUPDWLRQ· which help the utilities to take informed-decisions towards controllability and observability of their network which in WXUQ OHDGV WR LPSURYHPHQW LQ HIÀFLHQF\ DQG UHOLDELOLW\ RI their services Key Words: Business Intelligence, Smart Meter Data, Analytics.

Background Government of India has ambitious plan of rolling out smart meter countrywide through UDAY (Ujjawal DISCOM Assurance Yojana) scheme under the IPDS (Integrated Power Development Scheme) & various Smart Grid pilot projects. With considerable reduction in the cost of smart meters (through pilot projects implementation), Government of India is keen to rollout about 25 Crore smart meters in India. The ultimate aim of smart grid is to improve upon the controllability and observability of the DISCOM networks. The real time and historical data provided by smart meters can be used to bring about drastic changes in the operations and monitoring of distribution networks which requires lot of upgradation IRU HIÀFLHQW RSHUDWLRQV

May 2017

Figure 1: Smart Meter Data Flow

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ExpertSpeak

Interval Reads Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s generally Fifteen (15) Minutes interval data (can be customized to 30 min. or 60 min.) received from smart meters. Raw data received from smart meters Ă RZV WKURXJK YDULRXV FRPPXQLFDWLRQ FKDQQHOV DQG is received at smart grid control room. This data may suffer from ambiguities like zero values, null values, negative consumption, sudden ambiguous change in consumption, etc. The Head End system receiving the data along with the Meter Data Management System 0'06 DUH UHVSRQVLEOH WR LGHQWLI\ Ă DJ KLJKOLJKW and correct these ambiguities by various validations, estimations and editing (VEE) techniques. Given the huge size of real time data, these VEE processes are ought to be automatic. All the stakeholders including regulators need to come up with relevant regulations to ZHOO GHĂ&#x20AC;QH WKHVH 9(( PHWKRGV Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s the responsibility of Head-End system to conduct EDVLF YDOLGDWLRQV Ă DJ RXWDJHV UHWULHYH WKH PLVVLQJ GDWD if any and pass over the interval reads to MDMS for further SURFHVVLQJ 7KH GDWD XQGHUJRHV Ă&#x20AC;QDO 9(( LQ 0'06 Output from MDMS is processed data which is sent to various systems like Peak Load Management (PLM), Outage Management System (OMS), and Consumer Portals etc.

Many software product developers have already come up with data analytics and business intelligence WRROV VSHFLĂ&#x20AC;FDOO\ GHVLJQHG IRU SRZHU XWLOLWLHV %XW WKH awareness levels amongst utilities to use the available products in market is yet to be improved upon.

Business Areas Leveraging Meter Data nalytics The following major business areas of distribution utilities can leverage the immense amount of information provided by smart meter data.

Peak load management (PLM) Managing the electrical load requirement at its daily-peak has always been a very hectic job for the Utilities. Easiest way to deal with peak load situation (which generally occurs every evening) is load shedding, but it would lead to public wrath and violation of modern regulations which primarily focus upon consumer satisfaction. Hence, Utilities need to come up with following ways to reduce peak electricity demand without facing public wrath.

Event Reads An event is information that originates from the smart meter with several attributes, including source, severity level and event category. The source is normally the device that originates the event. Severity levels include emergency, information, error, warning etc. The event category provides information regarding the process to which the event is related. There are four basic event categories: i.

Meter status: â&#x20AC;&#x153;power offâ&#x20AC;?, â&#x20AC;&#x153;power restoreâ&#x20AC;?, â&#x20AC;&#x153;last gaspâ&#x20AC;? etc.

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0HWHU WDPSHU Ă DJV 1HXWUDO 'LVWXUEDQFH 0HWHU &RYHU 2SHQ 5HYHUVH HQHUJ\ Ă RZ 0DJQHWLF WHPSHU etc.

iii.

Power quality events: voltage sag, swell and high/ low voltage alarms.

iv.

Meter hardware information: Low battery alarms and battery critical alerts etc.

Figure 2: Peak Load Management Components (PLM)

Demand response (DR) Demand response encourages consumers to play a role in managing the peak demand by reducing or shifting their usage from peak hours to non-peak hours in response to time-based tariffs like Time-of-Use (ToU) tariff, TimeRI 'D\ 7R' WDULII RU RWKHU IRUPV RI Ă&#x20AC;QDQFLDO LQFHQWLYHV which need to be supported by regulators and executed

by Utilities. This is the initial measure taken by utilities in order to manage the load on the grid during peak hours.

If consumers donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t respond to Demand Response, then only Utilities go for DSM. Real Time Meter data analytics help the utilities to take this decision. Advanced softwares may be programmed to take this decision automatically.

Meter Data Analytics The Interval reads and Events data can be used (after VEE or data conditioning) to extract lot of information regarding the state and health of metering Infrastructure; load patterns; tampering alerts; the quality of power being supplied, key performance indices (like SAIFI, SAIDI, CAIDI etc.).

Various analytics can be done on this data to extract VLJQLĂ&#x20AC;FDQW EXVLQHVV GHFLVLRQV WR GHIHU LQYHVWPHQW optimum utilization of infrastructure and manpower, etc.

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Figure 3: Peak Shifting

May 2017

ExpertSpeak

More advanced technologies like Battery Energy Storage FDQ IXUWKHU Ă DWWHQ WKH SHDN E\ VWRULQJ HQHUJ\ GXULQJ RII peak hours and supplying the same during peak hours.

Pilot projects for Grid Scale battery energy storage are under execution in India.

Demand side management (DSM) It has been traditionally seen as a means to reduce peak electricity demand so that utilities can delay building further capacity. Smart Meter data can identify the peak in real time and trigger the Demand Side Management (DSM) process (if consumers do not respond to DR), and go for an automatic load limit control. It may also be FDOOHG DV SHDN VKDYLQJ ZKLFK UHTXLUHV LGHQWLĂ&#x20AC;FDWLRQ RI calculated loads which can be shed during peak hours with minimum impact on consumers and the Grid. Such FRQVXPHUV PD\ EH SUH LGHQWLĂ&#x20AC;HG WR SDUWLFLSDWH LQ ORDG limit control process. With latest technologies like Home $UHD 1HWZRUN +$1 LQGLYLGXDO GHYLFHV LQ FRQVXPHU premises may be turned off to achieve required peak shaving. Remotely operated relays in Smart Meters/ Devices serve this purpose.

Figure 5: Outage Management System

In integration with other systems like SMS gateways, emails, IVRS etc., OMS is used to mobilize and track WKH Ă&#x20AC;HOG ZRUN IRUFH ZKLFK WUDGLWLRQDOO\ FRQVXPHV ORW RI precious time. Consumers are also given rights to report an outage via consumer portal, SMS, etc. which further VWUHQJWKHQV WKH RXWDJH LGHQWLĂ&#x20AC;FDWLRQ DQG UHVWRUDWLRQ process.

Figure 4: Peak Shaving

In fact, by reducing the overall load on an electricity QHWZRUN '60 KDV YDULRXV EHQHĂ&#x20AC;FLDO HIIHFWV LQFOXGLQJ mitigating electrical system emergencies, reducing the number of blackouts and increasing system reliability.

3RVVLEOH EHQHĂ&#x20AC;WV FDQ DOVR LQFOXGH UHGXFLQJ GHSHQGHQF\ on expensive imports of fuel, reducing energy prices, and reducing harmful emissions to the environment.

Finally, DSM has a major role to play in deferring high investments in distribution networks.

Outage management system (OMS) Outage Management System (OMS) is a software system which assists the Utilities to observe, control and restore any outages or other events in the distribution network.

OMS basically make utility employees aware of the outages in real time with greater precision using GIS information and Web Maps.

May 2017

Figure 6: Consumption and Billing Data in GIS Map

The historical outage records for various Utilities can be used by the regulators to calculate various performance indices and measure Utilitiesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; comparative performances.

Resource optimization If the peak load situation is well managed, the usage of existing infrastructure is optimized and the same infrastructure can be used to serve more consumers which leads to deferred investments for the utilities.

Moreover, the human resources especially in the Ă&#x20AC;HOG V\VWHP FDQ EH RSWLPDOO\ PRELOL]HG REVHUYHG and utilized using real time information from advanced metering infrastructure.

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ExpertSpeak

Power quality monitoring

Case Study - Pilot Project

Various Power Quality parameters like harmonics, voltage sag/swell, outages, transients etc. can be extracted from smart meter data. These parameters may be used to analyze the quality of power being supplied to the consumers. Other key performance indices like SAIFI, SAIDI, and CAIDI etc. may be monitored in real time by using various data analytics on smart meter data.

Continuous measurement of PQ parameters can be used to calculate approximate age of transformers.

A pilot project has been implemented in Puducherry city by POWERGRID in open collaboration with leading manufacturers. Consultants, academics institutions etc.

Major attributes of this project are: h

Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)

h

Demand Side Management & Demand Response (Virtual)

h

Outage Management System (OMS)

h

5HQHZDEOH (QHUJ\ LQWHJUDWLRQ WKURXJK 1HW 0HWHULQJ

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Power Quality Management (PQM)

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Electric Vehicle with Solar Charging Station

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Street Light Automation

Project covers installation and commissioning of around 1650 nos. of smart meters, 32 DCUs, 21 nos. of Fault Passage Indicators (FPIs) (communicable / noncommunicable) & 9 nos. of Distribution Transformer Monitoring Units (DTMUs) covering 9 (nine) Distribution Transformers (DTs).

Figure 7: SAIFI Plot for different DISCOMs

Revenue assurance 8WLOLWLHV JHQHUDOO\ VXIIHU IURP ORZ FROOHFWLRQ HIĂ&#x20AC;FLHQF\ DQG ORZ ELOOLQJ HIĂ&#x20AC;FLHQF\ ZKLFK PD\ EH EURXJKW XS WR by the proper use of Smart Meter Data. Hence, adding to overall revenue assurance. )LJXUH )DXOW 3DVVDJH ,QGLFDWRUV

Asset management & network management Smart Meters and other devices like Data Concentrator Units (DCUs) have the capability to report their own status along with the health of the communication channels to the control room on real time basis. Historical and SUHVHQW VWDWXV RI Ă&#x20AC;HOG GHYLFHV FDQ EH WUDFHG XVLQJ PHWHU GDWD HYHQWV ZLWKRXW JRLQJ LQWR Ă&#x20AC;HOG V\VWHPV

Smart meters are provided by different vendors and communicate over different types of technologies: h

RF 2.4 GHz -- 786 meters, 5 vendors

h

RF 865 MHz â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 141 meters, 2 vendors

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PLC â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 317 meters, 5 vendors

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GPRS- 415 meters, 7 vendors

Online monitoring and analysis of Oil and Winding temperature of Transformers is shown in Figure 10

)LJXUH 5HDO 7LPH 0RQLWRULQJ RI Ă&#x20AC;HOG GHYLFHV 0HWHUV DQG '&8V

Consumer satisfaction & engagement By allowing the end consumers to participate in the load management, utilities can provide satisfaction to the consumers. Such participation is by and large dependent upon the regulations introduced by respective regulators.

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May 2017

ExpertSpeak

)LJXUH 3XGXFKHUU\ 6PDUW *ULG 'DVKERDUG

A screenshot of Puducherry Smart Grid Dashboard is shown in Figure 11.

7DEOH 3XGXFKHUU\ 6PDUW *ULG 3LORW 3URMHFW %HQHĂ&#x20AC;WV %HQHĂ&#x20AC;WV Ć&#x201C;

0HWHULQJ (IĂ&#x20AC;FLHQF\ LQFUHDVHG E\ WKURXJK smart meter

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$ERXW VDYLQJ LQ HQHUJ\ FRQVXPSWLRQ WKURXJK automatic street light control

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5HPRWH PHWHU U HDGLQJ ZLOO HQDEOH PRGLĂ&#x20AC;FDWLRQ RI billing cycle(futuristic) and improve collection and FDVK Ă RZ

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Many Cases of tampering detected at control room

Ć&#x201C;

Online energy audit Implemented

Ć&#x201C;

Online Monitoring of Outages

Ć&#x201C;

Monitoring of health of transformer

Ć&#x201C;

Enabling Renewable Integration

7KH NH\ EHQHĂ&#x20AC;WV REWDLQHG RXW RI WKLV SURMHFW DUH summarized in Table 1.

The project is proposed to be expanded covering 34,000 FRQVXPHUV LQFOXGLQJ &7 RSHUDWHG PHWHUV ZLWK grant from government of India.

Considerable reduction in t he number of trappings has been recorded (using FPI data) in the project area as shown in Figure 12.

Conclusion Smart Grid is all about collaboration of Information Technology & Communication Engineering with traditional Power System Engineering. All major players in IT, communications, electronics and power sector KDYH DOUHDG\ LGHQWLĂ&#x20AC;HG WKH VLJQLĂ&#x20AC;FDQFH RI WKLV PHUJHU RI technologies. Way forward, smart meters will be a part of IoT (Internet of Things) network generating huge amount of data waiting to be analyzed to extract various types RI EXVLQHVV VSHFLĂ&#x20AC;F LQIRUPDWLRQ 0RGHUQ ,7 WHFKQRORJ\ like Big Data analytics, which is majorly focused on social media data analytics might turn its focus to smart meter data analytics in nearby future.

Several smart grid pilot projects are under progress in India which would start generating data within a year.

The business impact of analytics over smart meter data obtained in these pilot projects will pay the path to future of Meter Data Analytics and Management.

REFERENCES 1

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Functional Requirements of Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) In Indiaâ&#x20AC;?, Central Electricity Authority, August 2016.

2

â&#x20AC;&#x153;How to Generate Greater Value from Smart Meter Dataâ&#x20AC;?, Cognizant 20-20 Insights, April 2012.

3

Kalkitech, Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd. & Electricity Department, Government of Puducherry, 2013.

4

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Smart Grid Development in India â&#x20AC;&#x201C; A Case Studyâ&#x20AC;?, I.S. Jha, Subir Sen, Rajesh Kumar; Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd., 2014. Ć&#x201C;

40 30 Permanent

20

Transient 10 0 JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV )LJXUH 5HGXFWLRQ LQ QXPEHU RI WULSSLQJV XVLQJ )3, 'DWD

May 2017

R.P. Sasmal, Dr Subir Sen, Hemendra Agrawal, Rajesh Kumar, Bharat Hotwani Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd., Gurugram

71

Featured-TPDDL

ith IS 16444 in place, we are in the new era of smart meters. With smart meters the power and metering industry is about to get a massive revamp for FRQVXPHU PHWHULQJ 7KH VSHFLÀFDWLRQ IRU &7 RSHUDWHG FRQVXPHU PHWHULQJ DUH SRVLWLRQHG WR EH ÀQDOL]HG LQ VKRUW time. So industry is getting ready for the smart meters and adoption of advanced communication technology.

This smart metering technology shall give a paradigm shift in the error free metering and meter data analysis.

Fast communication of meter data at servers shall help in faster analysis of any supply or load issues or any tampering or theft attempts. In this paper we wish to explore for making the energy accounting meters in the distribution substations smarter in such a way to perform complete substation equipment remote monitoring through smart meters.

Challenges For Utility Today’s competitive era forces all utilities to keep their tariff under control. There are many measures taken by utilities and regulators to keep the tariff under control. With keeping costing in control, we have to keep abreast to the new technologies and adopt new and innovative solutions for operational excellence and customer delight.

For years automation is the key used by many industries to keep the operational cost under control. But this automation itself costing huge capital investment hence LW EHFRPHV D ÀUVW KXUGOH IRU XWLOLWLHV DQG KHQFH OHDGLQJ to limited coverage. Once overcome this challenge the second challenge faced by utilities is the short life of the electronics used in automation and fast changing technology. Today’s new technology becomes obsolete LQ DURXQG ÀYH \HDUV RU VR 7KLV OHDGV WR QR VSDUHV

72

DYDLODELOLW\ IRU WKH SURGXFWV ZH SURFXUHG DURXQG ÀYH WR six years back and hence maintenance cost keeps on pilling. Now the problem we face is whether to change the present automation equipment’s with new technology or to go for wider coverage of the technology. The power industry is facing a huge challenge on this as we have our equipment’s spread across larger area. This lead to lesser penetration of automation technology in power sector as we can see there are very limited distribution substation which have done automation. Our country and power industry needs a robust and cost effective automation solution to reach to larger penetration.

Smart DT Meters With DIDO There are many meters or IEDs available in market which usages the Digital inputs and digital output cards or devices. We feel that around half of the distribution substation automation work can be done through these Digital inputs and digital output (DIDO) cards. We have done one pilot project and planned for a mass roll out of our smart DT meters with these DIDO cards. We shall be using the energy accounting DT meters for partial automation of our substations. Based on the equipment we wish to monitor we can select the number of DIDO ports to be provided in the meter.

Smart DT meter for Transformer Monitoring One of the Digital inputs and digital output (DIDO) cards port will be used for the oil level monitoring of the distribution transformers. We have developed/used the special oil level sensors for this usage. This sensor shall FKDQJH WKH VWDWH RQFH WKH RLO OHYHO UHDFK EHORZ D SUHÀ[HG level. The change of state signal shall be sent to the meter (DI of meters). This change of state signal shall be further

May 2017

Featured-TPDDL

communicated to the server as a tamper event by smart DT meter. Once we get the signal that oil level is low further ZH VKDOO PDQDJH RXU FUHZ IRU UHFWLÀFDWLRQ SXUSRVH 7KLV shall be faster than present available system and hence we not only can monitor transformer but also save the precious equipment and down time of the consumers.

The meter shall be program the DIDO in such way that in the event of any low oil level a DO shall send a trip FRPPDQG WR &% Presently many DT are not covered for monitoring of oil levels in distribution sector. Internally we found around 10% cases of DT failure occurred due to low oil level or no oil as there are many cases observed for DT oil theft.

To curb this continuous attempts are being made and developed with a separate electronics and monitoring box installed for the DT monitoring. This meter is being used for DT oil level monitoring hence shall help in effective monitoring with minimal budget.

Smart Meter for RMU and ACB monitoring On the similar lines as stated above we shall be using the digital inputs for the monitoring of the load break switches and circuit breaker status in the RMU and also ZH VKDOO EH PRQLWRULQJ WKH VZLWFK VWDWXV RI WKH $&% The status change of any switchgear shall help to monitor any operational issue or tripping on prompt basis as the sever data shall be used by central AMI team or same VKDOO EH FRQÀJXUHG ZLWK 6&$'$ VHUYHU IRU PRQLWRULQJ For the communication of the event of change of state WKH 2%,6 FRGH VKDOO EH GHÀQHG IRUP '/06 EOXH ERRN RU WKH PDQXIDFWXUHU VSHFLÀF ,I WKH UHJXODWRU ERGLHV KHOSV XV WR FRPPXQDOL]H WKHVH HYHQWV VDPH FDQ EH GRQH IRU the betterment of all the utilities in India.

At present there are separate FRTU installed for the monitoring and control of the substation equipment’s.

These FRTU are provided with communication

May 2017

HTXLSPHQW·V IRU GHGLFDWHG FRPPXQLFDWLRQ ZLWK ,(& 104 protocol. Hence with DIDO we can achieve status monitoring of the switchgears in substations with minimal investments.

Advantages of Smart DT Meter With DIDO The smart meter can be used for the automation of the distribution substation for the remote monitoring and the DVVHWV FDQ EH XWLOL]HG LQ EHWWHU ZD\ ZLWK KHOS RI WKHVH VPDUW '7 PHWHUV ZLWK ','2 7KH EHQHÀWV WR WKH XWLOLWLHV are listed below: 1.

The automation budget for capital investment shall be drastically reduced for utilities.

2.

The maintenance cost and operation cost shall be lesser compared to dedicated FRTU.

3.

Transformer failure rate shall reduce.

/HVVHU EUHDNGRZQ WLPH DQG IDVWHU UHVWRUDWLRQ RI supply.

5.

Better monitoring of equipment and supply

/HVV RLO VSLOODJHV DQG KHQFH FRQWUROOHG RLO consumption.

7.

Better SAIDI and SAIFI indices with effective management of crew.

8.

Tariff in control

&XVWRPHU GHOLJKW

10. More environment friendly

Conclusion The DT meters which are used for only metering and energy audit need to be empowered with DIDO’s as a smart substation automation solution for power industry. Ɠ D R Dharmdhikari, Pankaj Singhal, Ravindra Bhanage Tata Power Delhi Distribution Limited, New Delhi

73

GuestArticle

ne of the most important trends of our time is Digitization.

Digitization is also the top theme of the energy Industry and Power utilities, of course, it is one of the basic requirements for the implementation of an intelligent electricity grid to increase the use of renewable energies and make the production and consumption more.

The continually increasing use of renewable energies and the issue of digitization is at the same time WKH ZD\ WRZDUGV VPDUW HIĂ&#x20AC;FLHQW DQG sustainable utilities. However, utilities need to be ready to accept the new challenges that entail infrastructure, technology for energy transition and the necessary digitalization.

The electricity marketing flux The use of renewable energies will be a major step towards smart, HIĂ&#x20AC;FLHQW DQG VXVWDLQDEOH XWLOLWLHV The reason behind is,it turns into more independence of energy imports, creates added value, contributes to environmental protection and secure the power supply. Renewable energy is the pivotal issue in the en- energy transition and their use is a global trend and continuously rising.

This poses complex challenges

74

for the entire supply system. The structure of energy supply has changed fundamentally. Electricity is no longer only consumed, but also fed in to the grid decentrally.

The requirements made by todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s electricity grid are multifaceted â&#x20AC;&#x201C; including the fact that consumers can now also become producers.

The new challenges in the electricity market demand integrated solutions.

WZR Ă&#x20AC;HOGV ² GDWD PHDVXUHPHQW DQG data processing â&#x20AC;&#x201C; is only possible when they can communicate with each other.

What is the situation in the electricity market?

And not only that, these data must be processed and communicated intelligently. Consequently, two elements must come together to make the electricity grid futureproof: Metrology and modern communication technology.

As already mentioned the energy transition is a major step towards intelligent and sustainable utilities.

However,the energy transition is a long-term trend and a co-operative task.

Therefore, the use of renewable energies is demanded and promoted worldwide.

Environmental conservation through climate SURWHFWLRQ DQG HQHUJ\ HIĂ&#x20AC;FLHQF\ is of paramount importance in this energy production transition.

In Germany, the energy transition also includes the phasing out of nuclear power; almost one third of the electricity produced in 2015 was already obtained from wind, solar or biogas plants. These sources of electricity, deliver energy in fraction of second, and it cannot be predicted or stored reliably.

Modern measurement and communication systems are essential for managing the complex network of data. IT has long formed the core of the new world of meter technology. A amalgamation of the

An electrical supply system in which renewable energies occupies a progressively large place creates completely new tasks.

The various players involved in the electricity market 2.0 (industry,

The reason is that metering alone is no longer adequate: Simply recording the current energy consumption is archaic. Today, VKDUSO\ YDU\LQJ Ă RZV RI HOHFWULFLW\ must be controlled and automated while at the same time consumption needs to be minimized. This means that a vast array of data must be recorded.

May 2017

GuestArticle

market 2.0 (industry, utility companies, grid operators and, ultimately, legislators as well) are reacting to the remarkable changes taking place in energy production and consumption.

The German Approach Germany is located in the midst of a networked European electricity system and is an important partner in the European electricity market and a hub of the European power Ă RZV GXH WR LWV FHQWUDO JHRJUDSKLF location in Europe.

A series of laws were passed in 2016, in part related to EU directives, such as the Electricity Market Act, the reform of the Renewable Energies Act (EEG 2017) and legislation concerning the Digitization of the Energy Transition.

With the Law the Digitization of Energy Transition, we are launching the start signal for Smart Grid, intelligent measuring systems and Smart Home in Germany, enabling the digital infrastructure to successfully connect over 1.5 million power generators and consumers.

The focus is on the introduction of intelligent measuring systems. They serve as a secure communication platform to make the power supply V\VWHP HQHUJ\ HIĂ&#x20AC;FLHQW 'DWD DQG system protection is very important - we have introduced the most demanding rules in Europe.

Under the three major topics (Energy HIĂ&#x20AC;FLHQF\ 5HQHZDEOH HQHUJ\ DQG Climate protection) in the European Union, Member States are aware that a well - functioning internal energy market is the best tool to guarantee affordable energy prices, secure energy supplies and to allow for the integration and development of larger volumes of electricity produced from renewable sources LQ D FRVW HIĂ&#x20AC;FLHQW PDQQHU 7KH XVH of modern measuring devices and intelligent measuring systems is a prerequisite for this. The implementation of such systems, however, takes place in varying degrees (scope and function) and quality in the Member States.

May 2017

On the one hand, the law governs the rights and obligations of the market players (e.g. the operators of generating plants, metering points and networks) and on the other, the technical and temporal requirements for the operation of intelligent measuring systems are GHĂ&#x20AC;QHG KHUH DV ZHOO In brief, within this framework, the entire market is morphing at high speed â&#x20AC;&#x201C; to become the electricity market 2.0. The table below shows the percentage of the planned expansion of renewable energies in terms of gross electricity consumption in Germany.

Year

Increase in electricity generation from renewable energies

2020

30 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 35 %

2025

40 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 45 %

2035

55 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 60 %

2050

80 %

Intelligent measuring systems are needed Intelligent measuring systems are designed to enable secure and standardized communication in the energy networks of the future.

An energy supply system, which is primarily used to generate electricity dependent on weather, from renewable energies, must be DEOH WR UHDFW Ă H[LEO\ 7KHUHIRUH LW needs information on production and consumption situations.

Energy supplies, which are even more market-oriented, must be able to transport market signals to consumers and producers. To do both is the task of intelligent energy networks with intelligent measuring systems as communication units.

h

Controller boxâ&#x20AC;&#x201C; for smart network control

The Basic meter is a modern intelligent measuring sensor to measure voltage, current, power and energy to name only a few measured variables with a 1 Mbit RS485 interface for the data communication with the SMGw. For the useful generation and load management for decentralized producers and consumers, also the controller box is connected via an Ethernet interface to the SMGw. The Smart Meter Gateway (SMGw) is the central unit of the intelligent measuring system. It makes it possible to integrate digital meters and controller boxes into the intelligent power grid.

All connections are transacted inside and outside the iMSys via the interfaces LMN (Local Meteorological Network), HAN (Home Automation Network, CLS (Controlable Local System) and WAN (Wide Area Network). )URP WKH RXWVLGH YDL :$1 Ă&#x20AC;[HG market participants such meters, the controller box as well as to customers and technicians.

The iMsys form the safe and standardized technical basis for a wide range of applications in WKH Ă&#x20AC;HOGV RI QHWZRUN RSHUDWLRQ HOHFWULFLW\ PDUNHW HQHUJ\ HIĂ&#x20AC;FLHQF\ and â&#x20AC;&#x153;smart homeâ&#x20AC;?. These are in particular: h

Consumption transparency

h

Avoid on-site reading costs

h

Enabling variable tariffs

h

The intelligent measuring system (IMSys)

Provision of network information from decentralized SURGXFHUV DQG Ă&#x20AC;H[LEOH ORDGV

h

The intelligent measuring system consists of:

Control of decentralized JHQHUDWRUV DQG Ă&#x20AC;H[LEOH ORDGV

h

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Sector bundlingâ&#x20AC;?, i.e.

Simultaneous readings and transparency of the gas, water, heating and district heating sectors

h

Secure, standardized infrastructure for applications in â&#x20AC;&#x153;Smart Homeâ&#x20AC;?

h

Basic meter â&#x20AC;&#x201C; digital and modern electricity meters as well as digital meters for other media like heat, gas and water

h

Smart Meter Gateway (SMGw) â&#x20AC;&#x201C; a communication unit as the central device.

75

GuestArticle

The German Forum Network technology / Network operation (FNN) in the VDE (Association of Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Information Technology) elaborates VDE application rules and technical notes for the safe and reliable operation of the transmission and distribution networks.

The FNN (VDE) application rules and technical notes are the so called TARâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s and TABâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s (abbreviations in German). These are divided into TARâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s/TABâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s for lowvoltage, medium-voltage, high- and highest-voltage, and also with FNN indications for feed-in management through renewable energies. The technical connection rules/notes ensure the interoperability of the networks and provide investment and planning security to customers and network operators.

In close cooperation with the BSI and the PTB the VDE / FNN has also set itself the task of advancing the concrete technical design of the intelligent measuring system like MS 2020. In the focus: Devices from different manufacturers have to work together without problems (interoperability). In addition, the devices must be interchangeable.

At VDE | FNN, the technical VSHFLĂ&#x20AC;FDWLRQV DV ZHOO DV WKH WHVW cases for the essential parts of the new intelligent measuring system are compiled in the form of VSHFLĂ&#x20AC;FDWLRQV ORDG VKHHWV 6RPH of the essentials are:

FNN - Requirements and specifications incl. test cases Basic meter â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Functional features Smart Meter Gateway â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Functional features Construction - Basic meter and Smart Meter Gateway Line-bound LMN protocols Control box and system architecture in the intelligent measuring system

Safety and accuracy first 7KH )HGHUDO 2IĂ&#x20AC;FH IRU 6HFXULW\ LQ Information Technology (BSI) has developed a Technical Guideline - BSI TR-03109 - to ensure the save data communication and system security as well as the interoperability of the various components present in the intelligent measuring system MS2020.

The Physically-Technical Federal Agency ysikalisch Technische %XQGHVDQVWDOW 37% VSHFLĂ&#x20AC;HV LQ its PTB requirements PTB-A 50.8 and PTB-A 50.7, also the UHTXLUHPHQWV ZKLFK PXVW IXOĂ&#x20AC;OO the components of such an intelligent measuring system, especially from the point of view of calibration law. The reason for the PTB requirements is among others that the billing tariffs are formed in the SMGw and not in the meter.

Rollout plan for iMsys (MS2020)

Year

all consumers > 20,000 kWh + producer > 7 kWh

2017 2024

â&#x20AC;&#x201C;

2019 2026

â&#x20AC;&#x201C; all consumer > 10,000 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 20,000 kWh

2021 2028

â&#x20AC;&#x201C; all consumer > 6,000 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 10,000 kWh

2017 2032

-

100% of all household with modern measuring systems

Why system quality is of crucial importance The major goal to realize an intelligent electricity grid to increase the use of renewable, green HQHUJLHV HQHUJ\ HIĂ&#x20AC;FLHQF\ DQG WR exit from nuclear energy and thus to make the energy transition true, requires modern and intelligent measuring systems. These systems must combine the metrological functionalities with those of modern communication technologies.

-XVWLĂ&#x20AC;HG DV ² ´0HWURORJ\ PHHWV ,7Âľ All this however requires the intelligent measuring systems, in which metrology and digital technology meld together, must operate correctly, reliably and safely. Quality is not a random product but always the result of a purposeful effort.

This also applies to the intelligent measuring system, which will be a key success factor for the implementation of the set goals.

WideAreaNetwork

Home Area Network combined with

Local MetologicalNetwork

Controllable Local Systems

Fig. 1: The SMGw and its interfaces

76

May 2017

GuestArticle

The responsible project managers in the different companies together ZLWK WKH H[SHUWV LQ WKH WHVW ÀHOGV and test laboratories are facing a new challenge. To test modern digital electricity meters is not only to run metrological tests like the billing-relevant measuring features like the accuracy of the measuring device as well as the register data – no – to test such kind of modern meters and intelligent measuring systems it is necessary to test the entire system that indulge metrological tests with the whole IT-tests, starting with the solid and exact function of the interfaces of all devices and follows with the correct and safe data exchange and last but not least, the proper data processing.

Here, Metrology meets IT – That’s the new reality for all the Metering people. The responsible people have to learn and to handle this technology to be able to run the needed and necessary conformation and quality tests.

Reviewing such new devices and systems at the initial stage is an important process towards the desired and reliable product.

Test System ForiMsys– “Metrology Meets IT” For the necessary quality assurance of the new intelligent measuring systems it is important, in which way the tests should be carried out. To test an intelligent measuring system essentially three elements belong: h

h

A sensor and transmitter; it is the basic meter, this meter is delivering all relevant measuring data like current, voltage, power, energy, harmonics, frequency, phase angle and more… - and here we are talking regarding the metrological requirements and necessary tests Then we have the message or data; means e.g. all the measuring data from the basic meter, this includes the interface, the data protocol and data transfer

May 2017

h

Third we have a receiver e.g.

Data Logger or the Smart Meter Gateway; this includes also the interface, the data protocol, the data transfer as well as the whole data management

For all these technical requirements of Metrology and Information Technology it needs an appropriate and corresponding test system.

In addition to the well-known equipment and functions for the metrological tests there is the need of new test equipment and functions for the IT tests.

As already mentioned, the German Forum Network technology / Network operation (FNN) has worked out in close cooperation with the BSI and the PTB all WHFKQLFDO VSHFLÀFDWLRQV DQG WHVW cases as minimum requirements to ensure the quality of the intelligent measuring system. These are the basis for the manufacturers of the basic meters, SMGw’s and controller boxes to provide interoperable, interchangeable, secure and reliable iMsys components to the market, as well as for the manufacturers of the test systems to provide their customers the necessary test systems and functions to ensure the correctness, reliability and safety of all components of such an intelligent measuring system.

the complete system including the controller box with the data communication and the switching inputs and outputs.

For the remote testing of meter, it is necessary that the industry provide communication solutions for WAN or LAN over IPv4/IPv6. But the question is, which protocols are desired above IPv4/IPv6, and which test tasks are to be performed.

There is no standard for such kind of communication solutions. It will always be necessary to clarify the VSHFLÀFDWLRQV LQ GHWDLO )RU WKLV purpose, three parties are usually required: 1)

Customer

2)

The manufacturer of the equipment to be tested

3)

The manufacturer of the test equipment.

The new part – test of the data communication Due to the high demands on the data communication of the individual devices of an intelligent measuring system, the requirements on the interfaces and data protocols have also increased. Simple data logs, e.g. which according to IEC6205621 are no longer suitable to meet the following requirements: h

A secure and reliable connection between the devices participating in the communication

h

Reliable delivery of packages

h

Repeatedly sending incoming packets

h

Send the data packets to the recipient (s)

h

Ensuring an transmission

h

To merge incoming data packages in the correct order

h

The prevention of the reading by unauthorized third parties (by encryption)

h

Preventing manipulation by unauthorized third parties (electronic signatures) Application

Stationary complete solution for quality assurance A stationary complete solution for testing an intelligent measuring system for quality assurance offers the option of testing all the components in the iMsys individually or as an interconnected XQLW 7KLV IXOÀOOV WKH SUHUHTXLVLWHV IRU ÁH[LEO\ YHULI\LQJ WKH WHVWLQJ WDVNV RI the individual components and the intelligent measuring system itself under real-use conditions.

The complete solution of such kind of test system tests and analyses the metrological performance of the iMsys Basic meter, the data communication between the Basic meter and the Smart Meter Gateway as well as the overall function of

non-

error-free

77

GuestArticle

The LMN interface physically represents a line-bound or optical 1 MBit RS485 interface. According to the FNN test cases, it is necessary to test all layers of the protocol stack including run-time measurements and the properties of the physical layer.

Info interface: 9.600 bits/s optical interface with light pulse sensor for entering a customer-specific 4 digit pincodetocontrol the meter display (for data protection)

LMN 1:

1 Mbits/s RS485

LMN 2:

Features and functions of corresponding iMsys test systems

Info interface: 9.600

it/s optical interface with light pulse sensor

for a customer-specific 4 digit pincodeto control the meter display (for

The hardware and software required for testing the data communication is integrated in a test system for metrological testing.

This makes it possible to check the data communication under real conditions as well as the basic meter all-embracing.

data protection)

LMN: 1 Mbits/s RS485 optical rear interface

The following ,Q D Ă&#x20AC;UVW YHUVLRQ WKH EDVLF PHWHU LV completely supported by the test system in both types (three-point and plug-in).

The samples Basic meterâ&#x20AC;&#x201C; technology)

eHZ

(plug-in

Info interface: 9.600 Bit/s optical interface with light pulse sensor for D FXVWRPHU VSHFLĂ&#x20AC;F GLJLW SLQFRGH

to control the meter display (for data protection)

LMN â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2

LMN data and PoL (power over LMN â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 12 V variable including measurement of current consumption) / for 3HZ and SMGw

LMN â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 1

LMN data and PoL / for 3HZ

Bus

Operation in mode/ for 3HZ

Peer

Operation in Peer-toPeer mode / for 3HZ and SMGw

PoLvar

variable PoL voltage / for 3HZ and SMGw

Necessary hardware for the data communication tests Communication module The following interfaces and operation modes should be available as a communication module for each test position of a stationary test system:

LMN protocols

SMGw

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Greenâ&#x20AC;&#x153; = line -bound / optically Bit stream

Bit stream Application

OSILayer

bus

PoL 12V fixed PoL voltage / for

LMN

LMN data / foreHZ â&#x20AC;&#x201C; connection for optical communication head

INFO

Info data / for 3HZ and eHZ - connection for optical communication head

Optical communication head for Basic meter in plug-in technologies

Bit stream

Protocol stack of the LMN interface (wired or optical design)

Fig. 3: The protocol stack of the LMN interface

78

The optical communication head for the Basic meter in plug-in technology should be designed for necessary plug-in Basic meter test adaptes and should offer the following functions:

May 2017

GuestArticle

LMN and MSB of eHZ For installation in an eHZ test adapter 9600 bits/s for EDL meter (MSB rear interface) 1Mbit/s for Basic meter - eHZ (LMN - rear interface) The following function are useful for physical tests:

Communication unit for multi-user applications

Operation and controller software for the entire test system

Via an appropriate communication unit the communication will carried out for more the one LMN participants. The device should be cascaded so that sufficient test places can be realized. It should be used together with the communication modules should offer the following applications and functions:

The operation and controller software should guide through the scope of functions by revised user interface and clear structure.

All functions should be usable by a manual control as well as in a fully automatic operation. A special focus is on the functions necessary for the new tests of data communication.

Controllable in light color â&#x20AC;&#x201C; wavelengths 850nm, 890nm and 940nm for physical tests

Ethernet Ethernet connection to 1 the PC (test computer)

h

Controllable in light intensity â&#x20AC;&#x201C;500ÎźW/cm² â&#x20AC;Ś5.000 ÎźW/cm²

Ethernet For cascading with 2 another device

h

Measurement of the light intensity as an indicator

RS485

h

Optical communication head for the info interface of the Basic meter The optical communication head should designed for the Info interface of a Basic meter (3HZ and eHZ) as well as for other digital electricity meters with optical interface and should offer the following functions:

RS485 1 Mbit data interfaces for multiusers PoL 12V Fixed voltage supply for LMN interfaces

PoLvar

Usefull functions for physical tests: h

h

INFO interface 9600 bits/s for 3HZ and eHZ and all other meter types with optical inter- face. The following function are useful for physical tests:

Peer bus

Adjustable voltage for LMN interface with simultaneous measurement of current consumption DUT is 3HZ

Send / Send / receive data receive telegrams, sending data bytes including breaks

h

Controllable in light intensity â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Č?: FPĂ° ÂŤ Č?: FPĂ°

Logging h

h

Measurement of the light intensity as an indicator

Controllable pulse length and pulse break in ms

h

&RQWUROODEOH OXPLQRXV Ă&#x20AC;X[ Âą /X[ ÂŤ /X[

h

Controllable in warm white, normal white or cold white

May 2017

Free programming of all test points by the smallest available function steps.

Provides the greatest SRVVLEOH Ă&#x20AC;H[LELOLW\ when creating FRPSOH[ WHVW sequences. h

([HFXWLRQ RI any FNN test cases

Test cases

h

Free positioning of any test case in an automatic test

Analysis

Analysis tool for displaying the entire data communication (raw data) in all protocol layers, including time stamps of all data bytes.

/ Operation in Peer-toPeer and bus mode

Controllable in light color â&#x20AC;&#x201C; wavelengths 850nm, 890nm and 940nm

h

Editor

Adjustable load â&#x20AC;&#x201C; DUT is SMGw

h

Controllable light pulse generator for a customer-specific 4 digit pincode to control the meter display (for automated display control during a test). The following function are useful for physical tests:

Hardware control (communication modules, optical Controller communication functions heads and central communication unit)

Logging of received data bytes (time stamp per byte).

The resolution VKRXOG EH RI Č?V with an accuracy of <500 ns

h

Logging of the whole data communication (row data)

h

Raw data can be visualized and analyzed using appropriate analysis software

Necessary software for the data communication tests

Training and education The introduction of IT technology LQWR WKH Ă&#x20AC;HOG RI PHDVXUHPHQW technology respectively metrology, DQG WKXV LQ WKH Ă&#x20AC;HOG RI WHVW IDFLOLWLHV as a new and unknown technology,

79

GuestArticle

has made it clear how important it is to acquire the necessary know-how.

Jumping into the train at an early stage is the motto!

In order to build up competence, appropriate training and the corresponding practice in this technology area necessary. Starting with the IT basics, the understanding RI GDWD SURWRFROV DQG WKH VSHFLÀF IT functionalities of the intelligent measuring system, the necessary pre-requisites for a successful and HIÀFLHQW LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI WKH test tasks are created for this new technology.

Conclusion

80

If utilities want to ensure intelligent, efficient and sustainable supply, the use of renewable energies is a key step towards achieving the goal, coupled with the necessary measures to digitize all processes.

In addition the utility companies are smart in this way because the Energy Transition is the way into a

safe, environmentally compatible and economically successful future. The existing energy system, which is based on nuclear energy, coal, oil and gas, will be replaced by a new energy supply based on renewable energy - wind power, solar energy, hydropower, biomass and geothermal energy.

Digitization is the key to the new energy supply and requires a communications network that connects all the actors of the new energy system - from production to transport, storage and distribution to consumption.

This is only possible with modern and intelligent measuring and communication systems which work accurately, reliably and safely. Ɠ

By Neander Pütz (Director-Sales, ZERA GmbH)

May 2017

InDepth

T

he Electricity board is facing issues due to error-prone manual meter reading and ineffectiveness in energy accounting for bill generation. In some cases, it becomes not graceful when the homes are locked i.e. if they have left for a tour, shopping etc. Recently, our Government has launched a Pilot Project in Pondicherry to observe its success ratio. The instantaneous energy utilized data is transferred from the end user to the Electricity board Server via communication port like GSM (Global System for Mobile communication), LPRF (Low Power Radio Frequency) and PLC(power line communication). But it has faced a problem on data handling at the DCU (Data Concentrator Unit) in large scale. The above concern problem can be resolved by IoT cloud. The proposed system adheres an AMR with a proposed smart meter product. The instantaneous utilized energy data can be tapped from AMR using IEC 62052-11 optical cable and the observed value are encrypted by cryptography algorithm such as Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm and then it is sent to Meter Data Acquisition System( MDAS- Hybrid Cloud) instantaneously through telephone line connected Ethernet.The datas can be managed in MDMS(Meter Data Management System).

This method enhances load fore-casting and power factor correction. If Electricity bill is not paid directly from EB server it is possible to trim the electricity supply to the corresponding end user (Homes). Multiple readings such as Voltage, Current, Real Power, Apparent Power ,Power Factor, Time, Date can be observed on the Eb server and can also be accessed by end user using android mobile application. The information pertaining to power

May 2017

consumption can also be sent periodically to the end user, thus making them aware of the energy utilized.

Introduction The term monitoring of single phase energy meter portrays that measuring current, voltage in distribution and transmission. The measurement of power using analog meters inherited with shortcomings like SUHVVXUH LQ LQGXFWLRQ FRLO DQG VWUD\ Ă&#x20AC;HOG HIIHFW DIIHFWLQJ the measurement procedure .With the breakthrough advancement in digital electronics sensors provided accurate error free validation. As now the monitoring of single phase energy meter is done manually. At this juncture we need to ease ourselves from this hassle by merging IoT and cryptographic algorithms which makes reliable transfer of data at required intervals In India the aggregate and transmission loss consumes 19 %of the electricity and it can be monitored by the proposed system instantaneously and also energy theft can be avoided.

Population without access (million)

Share of Population without access

Rural

Urban

Total

Rual

Urban

Total

Uttar Pradesh

80

5

85

54%

10%

44%

Billar

62

2

64

69%

19%

64%

West Bengal

17

2

19

30%

7%

22%

Assam

11

0

12

45%

9%

40%

Rajasthan

10

0

11

22%

2%

17%

81

InDepth

Odisha

10

0

11

32%

4%

27%

Jharkhand

8

0

9

35%

4%

27%

Madhya Pradesh

7

1

8

16%

3%

12%

Maharashtra

6

1

6

11%

2%

7%

Gujarat

2

2

3

7%

6%

6%

Chattisgarh

2

0

3

14%

6%

12%

Kamataka

1

0

1

5%

1%

3%

Other states Total

3

2

6

2%

2%

2%

221

16

237

26%

4%

19%

Fig.1.0

Literature Surve [1] Recently Internet of things and cloud computing provided a new method for intelligent perception and connection from M2M (including man to machine man to man , machine to machine ) and DOVR HIĂ&#x20AC;FLHQW VKDULQJ RI GDWD $V VKRZQ LQ Ă&#x20AC;JXUH the data which resides in cloud can be accessed by all communicating devices and microcontrollers.

Fig.2.1

[2] By using IoT the authors Huansheng Ning ,Ziou Wang proposed an appliance control system for smart homes and that system uses a smart central controller to set up a radiofrequency 433MHz and actuator network. Application servers, client computers, tablets or smart phones can communicate with the smart central controller through a wireless router.

[3] Based on Internet of things and cloud computing a tailings dam monitoring and pre alarm system (TDMPAS) in mines has been proposed by Enji Sun and it is used for real-time monitoring of the saturated line, impounded water level and the dam deformation. TDMPAS acquire pre-alarm information automatically and remotely in any kind of weather conditions [4] Internet of things is very close in contact with the end user and cloud computing provides very powerful large data base and so we can store big amount of data. And to create a link between these two areas we can use mobile (smart phones) and it acts a mobile gateways. Therefore, we can access

82

the data (transformer parameters) by using phone also. The merging of IoT and cloud has been used LQ PHGLFDO Ă&#x20AC;HOG[9].

[5] These authors represent sensor based cloud infrastructure. Now days, there are lot of cloud based services available for storing sensor based data such as Pachube[6], Nimbits[8], ThingSpeak[7 3DFKXEH LV RQH RI WKH Ă&#x20AC;UVW RQ OLQH GDWDEDVH VHUYLFH providers that allow developers to connect sensor data to the Web. It is a practical Cloud-based infrastructure platform, which supports the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. Precisely it could be described as a scalable infrastructure that enables users to build IoT products and services, and store, share and discover real-time sensor, energy and environment data from objects, devices &buildings around the world. The main features of the platform are: managing real time sensor and environment data, graphing and monitoring and controlling rural environments. In addition, there is a great number of interfaces available for building sensor or mobilebased applications for managing the data on the Cloud infrastructure. It is based on an open and easy accessible API and has a very interactive web site for managing sensor data.

Nimbits is a data processing service for diagrams, spread sheets and web sites. Nimbits offers a data compression mechanism, an alert management mechanism and data calculation on the received sensor data using simple mathematic formulas.

ThingSpeak is also an open source â&#x20AC;&#x153;Internet of Things â&#x20AC;&#x153;application that provides developers with APIs to store and retrieve data from sensors and devices using HTTP over the Internet. With ThingSpeak, end users can create sensor-logging applications, location- tracking applications, and a social network of things with status updates. In addition to storing and retrieving all types of data, the ThingSpeak API allows for numeric data processing such as, date ,time scaling, averaging, median, summing, and rounding. Each ThingSpeak Channel supports GDWD HQWULHV RI XS WR GDWD Ă&#x20AC;HOGV ODWLWXGH ORQJLWXGH elevation, and status. The channel feeds support JSON, XML, and CSV formats for integration into applications. The ThingSpeak application also features time zone management, read/write API key management and JavaScript-based chart.

In order to provide security to the data cryptography technique is adopted.Cryptography is a technique which is used for encrypting and decrypting of the data.Even though there are several algorithm proposed this project PDNHV XVH RI EORZĂ&#x20AC;VK DOJRULWKP 7KH DQDO\VLV RI $(6 '(6 DQG EORZĂ&#x20AC;VK VKRZV WKDW EORZĂ&#x20AC;VK DOJRULWKP LV PRUH HIĂ&#x20AC;FLHQW DQG VHFXUHG[9].

May 2017

InDepth

SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE: The block diagram of proposed system is shown in Fig.3.1

Fig.3.11

Flow Diagram

Components Required MDMS-Meter Data Management System MDAS-Meter Data Acquisition System As shown in the bock diagram the hardware components of the system includes arduino-UNO,esp8266-01 Wi-Fi module, current Sensor ACS-712,Single phase energy meter.

,Q RUGHU WR PHDVXUH WKH FXUUHQW ÁRZLQJ LQ WUDQVIRUPHU current sensor module ACS-712 is used which measures WKH FXUUHQW ÁRZLQJ LQ WUDQVIRUPHU DQG VHQG LW WR microcontroller (Arduino UNO). The above module can measure up to 30A.

3.1 b) Arduino-Uno

3.1a) ACS-712

Fig.3.12

May 2017

Fig.3.13

83

InDepth

Arduino uno microcontroller is chosen as it can interface both ACS-712 and esp-8266.The data (current) sensed by sensor module fetched by microcontroller and send the data to cloud using esp8266-01 commanded by Arduino-Uno. It transfers the data serially. The data encryption is done here using AES encryption algorithm.

3.1 c) Esp-8266-01 Wi-Fi module

The above snapshot indictes the instantaneous power measured by energy meter.

In order to interface Arduino Uno with cloud and also to transfer the data to cloud esp-8266 Wi-Fi module has been used. It transfers the data serially to cloud (thingspeak) and it uses api address.

3.1 D) Energy Meter The energy meter should consist of current transformer ,potential (voltage ) transformer. The potential transformer rating is 240/5 V and current transformer is connected WR RSHUDWLRQDO DPSOLĂ&#x20AC;HU /0 WR DPSOLI\ WKH FXUUHQW since the current is in mill amperes and so the energy meter able to measure the single phase supplied or we can access the data from existing energy meter

Hardware Implementation

The above snapshot indictes the instantaneous number of units consumed by the end user

Fiig.3.15

$V VKRZQ LQ Ă&#x20AC;JXUH WKH KDUGZDUH LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ KDV been done. The connection between the Arduino Uno and ACS-712, esp-8266 Wi-Fi module, has been done and the output is as follows.

Results The screen shots of the implemented prototype have been shown below

84

The above screenshot indicates the amount of voltage consumed by end user instantaneously.

May 2017

InDepth

[2] Ziou Wang ,Huansheng Ning , â&#x20AC;&#x153;An IoT- based appliance control system for smart homesâ&#x20AC;?., Intelligent Control and Information Processing (ICICIP), 2013 Fourth International Conference, pp 744 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 747,9-11 June 2013 [3] http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ar ticle/pii/ S0925753511001998 [4] arxiv.org/abs/1107.4786 [5] Yuriyama M., Kushida T., â&#x20AC;&#x153;Sensor- Cloud Infrastructure PhysicalSensor Management with Virtualized Sensors on Cloud Computing,â&#x20AC;? Network-Based Information Systems (NBiS), 2010 13thInternational Conference on , vol., no., pp.1-8, 14-16 Sept. 2010.

[6] The Pachube Feed Cloud Service, http://www.pachube. com

Conclusion

[7] Internet of Things â&#x20AC;&#x201C; ThingSpeak service, http://www.thingspeak.com

From the above snapshot, it is found that the data has been transferred to thingspeak(cloud). Therefore it can be accessed from any part of the globe.

> @ 1LPELWV 'DWD /RJJLQJ &ORXG 6HYHU KWWS ZZZ QLPELWV > @ -DZDKDU 7KDNXU 1DJHVK .XPDU ´'(6 $(6 DQG %ORZĂ&#x20AC;VK symmetric key cryptographic algo rithm â&#x20AC;&#x153;International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, Volume 1, Issue 2, December 2011) Ć&#x201C;

REFERENCES [1] http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/abstractAu thors.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6742575&url=htt p%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee. org%2Fxpl s%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D67425 75

Nanda Krishnan, Gnanajothie, Pugazharasu, Parthiban, Department of electrical and electrical engineering Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering college

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May 2017

85

InFocus

T

o make electric utilities sustainable, it is necessary to make them smart to reduce AT & C losses. And to reduce AT & C losses, it is necessary to implement the smart grid and smart metering. This paper is focused on what are the technical, commercial, and process challenges in the implementation of smart grid and smart metering. Utilities are facing challenges in integration of different make smart meters, their data concentrators and Head End Systems (HES). Other challenge is remote meter communication to HES. Performance of communication system affects entire performance of smart metering. Standardization of metering VSHFLĂ&#x20AC;FDWLRQV DV SHU ,QGLDQ UHTXLUHPHQW HVSHFLDOO\ LQ tamper proof meters are hard for most of the meter manufacturers who are successful in abroad. Educating FXVWRPHU DERXW KRZ VPDUW PHWHULQJ LV EHQHĂ&#x20AC;FLDO IRU them is another challenge faced by utilities. Apart from technical challenges, there are socio-economic and socio-political challenges in implementation of smart metering. This paper put focus on the challenges and try to suggest some way to overcome the challenges.

1Smart grid, AMI, SMART data, analytics, smart meter, head end system, communication, metering standards, communication protocol, AT&C losses, meter data integration, utility automation, remote monitoring and control of primary equipments, distribution transformenr monitoring

Introduction 7KH $YHUDJH $7 & ORVVHV LQ ,QGLD LQ WUDQVPLVVLRQ and distribution (T&D) is about 23%. The distribution sector contributes in it more. These losses in some states reaches up to 40%. Take

86

Fig.1: Accumulated DISCOM Losses and debt

Example of Haryana. The overall AT&C losses in Haryana are in range of 29.46% but in the political sensitive areas these losses are more than 40%. The worst affected areas are rural areas where these losses H[FHHG WKH OLPLW RI LQ PRVW RI WKH YLOODJHV ,Q FDVH RI Jind, Bhiwani, Rohtak and Kaithal circles, AT&C losses are in range of48% 44% 43% and 40 % respectively. The AT&C losses touch 70 % in rural domestic feeders of these political sensitive circles. There are 15% AT&C losses on agriculture feeders. The total accumulated ORVV RI ODVW \HDUV RI ',6&20V LV 5V /DNK &URUH WLOO 0DUFK 7KHUHIRUH WKHUH LV QHHG WR UHGXFH $7 & losses by measuring and controlling each incoming and outgoing energy unit and each incoming and outgoing UXSHH 7KH *RYHUQPHQW RI ,QGLD 0LQLVWU\ RI 3RZHU 0R3

KDV DQQRXQFHG 1DWLRQDO 6PDUW *ULG 0LVVLRQ 16*0 LQ XQGHU WK Ă&#x20AC;YH \HDU SODQ 6R IDU SLORW SURMHFWV are awarded till date and one is yet to be awarded.

May 2017

InFocus

3*&,/ LV GHYHORSLQJ VPDUW JULG NQRZOHGJH FHQWHU DW 0DQHVDU +DU\DQD $V SHU 1RYHPEHU XSGDWH 16*0 XQGHUWRRN IRXU PRUH SURMHFWV ZKLFK DUH \HW WR EH DZDUGHG :KLOH LPSOHPHQWLQJ WKHVH SLORW SURMHFWV XWLOLWLHV and executing agencies/ vendors participating in smart JULG SLORW SURMHFWV KDYH IDFHG QXPEHU RI FKDOOHQJHV These are as follows:

generation and consumption and enable the utility to better integrate intermittent renewable generation DQG DOVR UHGXFH FRVWV RI SHDN SRZHU ,I WKH WUDGLWLRQDO grid was made secure only through over- engineering, a smart grid is cost-effective, nimble, responsive, and better engineered for reliability and self-healing operations.

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The traditional electric grid will need to build additional OD\HUV RI DXWRPDWLRQ FRPPXQLFDWLRQ DQG ,7 V\VWHPV WR transform it to a smarter grid. Some of the applications or building blocks of a smart grid are:

0DQDJLQJ +XPDQ 5HVRXUFHV

h 6XSHUYLVRU\ &RQWURO DQG 'DWD $FTXLVLWLRQ 6\VWHPV

2. Budget

5. Commercial terms and condition of the tender and FDVK Ă RZ RI WKH SURMHFW H[HFXWLRQ DJHQFLHV RU OHDG bidder

6&$'$ ZLWK (QHUJ\ 0DQDJHPHQW 6\VWHPV (06

DQG 'LVWULEXWLRQ 0DQDJHPHQW 6\VWHPV '06

6WDQGDUGL]DWLRQ RI RYHUDOO VSHFLĂ&#x20AC;FDWLRQ DQG component wise standardization 7. Testing and certifying the components, 8. Testing and certifying proof of concept of entire integrated system 0DQDJLQJ LQWHUHVWV RI DOO VWDNH KROGHUV ZKLOH implementation 0DQDJLQJ DOO SDUWLFLSDWLQJ YHQGRUV WR HQFRXUDJH competition and best technology and execution to come up ,QIUDVWUXFWXUH FKDOOHQJHV DQG PRGLI\LQJ WKH H[LVWLQJ infrastructure suitable for smart grid

Fig.2: Building Blocks of Smart Grid

12. Communication infrastructure availability for remote industrial and agricultural customer.

h (QWHUSULVH ,7 QHWZRUN FRYHULQJ DOO VXEVWDWLRQV DQG

([HFXWLQJ WKH SURMHFW ZLWK FRPSOHWH VFRSH 14. Training to operation and maintenance manpower and consumers/ prosumers.

Ă&#x20AC;HOG RIĂ&#x20AC;FHV ZLWK UHOLDEOH FRPPXQLFDWLRQ V\VWHPV h Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)/Asset

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h *HRJUDSKLF ,QIRUPDWLRQ 6\VWHPV *,6 ² PDSSLQJ

0DLQWHQDQFH RI VPDUW JULG LQIUDVWUXFWXUH RYHU WKH long time periods

h 0RGHUQL]DWLRQ RI WKH VXEVWDWLRQV ZLWK PRGHUQ

/HW XV GLVFXVV WKHVH FKDOOHQJHV LQ GHWDLO DV H[SODLQHG as follows:

of electrical network assets and consumers maps switchgear and numerical relays h $GYDQFHG 0HWHULQJ ,QIUDVWUXFWXUH $0, ZLWK WZR

ZD\ FRPPXQLFDWLRQ DQG 0HWHU 'DWD 0DQDJHPHQW 6\VWHPV 0'06

Challenges in implementation of Smart Grid

h Electronic Billing Systems and Customer Care

As listed in above introduction let us discuss the points one by one

h Distribution Automation (DA) and Substation

Deciding scope of the smart grid project

h 2XWDJH 0DQDJHPHQW 6\VWHPV 206

A smart grid is an electrical grid with automation, FRPPXQLFDWLRQ DQG ,7 V\VWHPV WKDW FDQ PRQLWRU SRZHU Ă RZV IURP SRLQWV RI JHQHUDWLRQ WR SRLQWV RI FRQVXPSWLRQ (even down to the appliances level) and control the SRZHU Ă RZ RU FXUWDLO WKH ORDG WR PDWFK JHQHUDWLRQ LQ UHDO time or near real-time. The

h :LGH $UHD 0HDVXUHPHQW DQG &RQWURO 6\VWHPV

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The above list is focused on applications and systems, i.e., enablers. From a functionality point of view one

Systems Automation Systems

May 2017

h Forecasting, Dispatch and Settlement Tools h (QWHUSULVH $SSOLFDWLRQ ,QWHJUDWLRQ h Analytics (converting data into business

intelligence)

87

InFocus

might aim for functionalities or uses such as variable or dynamic tariffs, renewable integration, electric vehicle (EV) integration, etc. Power system network from Generation - to - Transmission - to - Distribution to - prosumers will become really smart when all of the above building blocks are seamlessly integrated with HDFK RWKHU ,Q ,QGLD 6&$'$ (06 DUH LPSOHPHQWHG DW DOO WKH VWDWHV XWLOLWLHV· 6WDWH /RDG 'LVSDWFK &HQWHUV 6/'&V DQG 5HJLRQDO /RDG 'LVSDWFK &HQWHUV 5/'&V

of POSOCO. Substation Automation Systems (SAS) systems are implemented at most of the 132 KV to 765 .9 VWDWLRQ LQ PRVW RI WKH VWDWHV DQG 3*&,/ VDPH UHSRUW WR 6/'&V DQG 5/'&V UHVSHFWLYHO\ 7KHUHIRUH ZH FDQ VD\ that transmission and sub transmission system is mostly integrated and operate in co-ordination as far as voltage DQG IUHTXHQF\ LV FRQVLGHUHG 3KDVRU 0HDVXUHPHQW 8QLWV 308V DUH LQVWDOOHG RQO\ DW .9 DQG DERYH YROWDJH levels. Phase synchronization of entire grid is still away from the reality. There are more challenge is to integrate 33 KV and below at Power Distribution network and LQGLYLGXDO FRQVXPHU 'LVWULEXWLRQ 0DQDJHPHQW 6\VWHPV '06 DUH LPSOHPHQWHG RQO\ LQ PHWUR FLWLHV XQGHU R-APDRP schemes. The distribution network is not in JRRG VKDSH 0DLQWHQDQFH LV SRRU 3ROH WRS 'LVWULEXWLRQ Transformers (DTs) are not protected, monitored and controlled. Distributions Substations do not have SAS V\VWHP ,I 6$6 LV WR EH LPSOHPHQWHG LQ D VXEVWDWLRQ communicable multifunction numerical relays and PXOWLIXQFWLRQ PHWHUV UHTXLUHG WR EH UHWURÃ&#x20AC;WWHG 5HPRWH FRQWUROODEOH 5LQJ 0DLQ 8QLWV 508V DUH WR EH UHWURÃ&#x20AC;WWHG in the network to create ring bus structure to feed the DTs without interruption. To maintain the power factor and for reactive power compensation capacitor banks are used.

However, uncontrolled switching of capacitor bank FUHDWHV KHDY\ LQUXVK FXUUHQW DQG WKXV WR UHWURÃ&#x20AC;W FRQWURO switching devices for controlled switching of capacitor bank circuit breakers. The Distribution Transformers are mostly without CBs and protective relays and meters. ,QVWHDG RI PRXQWLQJ WKH '7V RQ SROH WRS DQG LQ RSHQ WR environment, we recommend that the DTs with a CBs at its primary and secondary side shall be mounted in single enclosure along with a control panel having RTU and communication modems for remote communication with the nearest substation with which the DT is connected. Thus, DTs will be monitored, controlled and SURWHFWHG +RZHYHU UHWURÃ&#x20AC;WWLQJ VPDUW JULG HQDEOHUV VXFK as CBs, relays and meters at existing DTs is challenge GXH WR QRW KDYLQJ VXIÃ&#x20AC;FLHQW VSDFH $SDUW IURP 6&$'$ (06 '06 DOO RWKHU FRPSRQHQW DUH QHZ WR ,QGLDQ 3RZHU LQIUDVWUXFWXUH ,QWHUIDFLQJ new smart components (hardware and software) with H[LVWLQJ VPDUW FRPSRQHQWV OLNH 6&$'$ (06 '06 LV D big challenge. Though solution is available, the supplier RI H[LVWLQJ 6&$'$ (06 '06 V\VWHP FKDUJHV YHU\ KLJK for integrating third party solution to their system.

7R PDNH WKH HQWLUH JLUG UHDOO\ VPDUW LW UHTXLUHV WR upgrade existing power distribution network. As this ZLOO WDNH VRPH PRUH WLPH HYHQ *RYHUQPHQW RI ,QGLD

88

VDQFWLRQHG D IXQG RI 5V &U XQGHU ,QWHJUDWHG 3RZHU 'HYHORSPHQW 6FKHPH ,3'6 7KHUHIRUH PRVW RI WKH VPDUW JULG SURMHFWV UHGXFHG WR MXVW D VPDUW metering and its analytical applications i.e. Automatic 0HWHULQJ ,QIUDVWUXFWXUH $0, DW +(6 ,I DQ\ XWLOLW\ KDV tried to include distribution network upgradation into VPDUW JULG SURMHFW LW LV QRW YLDEOH GXH WR PDQ\ UHDVRQV VXFK DV EXGJHW WLPH SHULRG DQG SURMHFW PDQDJHPHQW Therefore, deciding scope in the long term interest of utility and end prosumers is remain a challenge.

Challenge in deciding budget of the smart grid project ,Q ,QGLD 6PDUW *ULG LV VWLOO LQ SLORW SURMHFW PRGH DQG LV QRW PDWXUH HQRXJK VR WKDW H[DFW VFRSH VSHFLÃ&#x20AC;FDWLRQ cost of HES and applications and hence budget cannot EH Ã&#x20AC;QDOL]HG )RU H[DPSOH LQ RQH RI WKH XWLOLW\ RI SLORW SURMHFWV WKH ORZHVW ELG ZDV PDQ\ UHDVRQV VXFK DV i.

Higher cost of HES infrastructure and application software

ii. Higher cost from communication network operators because of not understanding the exact application iii. Bidders donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have execution experience so they are keeping more budget for contingency iv. Payment terms of the tenders where in some of the tenders, it is mentioned that payment of 30-70% order value against the 100% supply. v. Guarantee/ warrantee and conditions for supply of spares vi. Working style of electricity boards

Challenge in deciding time line of completion of the projects /HW XV DVVXPH WKDW WKH VFRSH DQG EXGJHW LV GHFLGHG +RZHYHU WKHUH LV VLJQLÃ&#x20AC;FDQW GLIIHUHQFH EHWZHHQ DVVXPHG time line and actual time line. The time line cannot be VWULFWO\ GHÃ&#x20AC;QHG DV WKH PRVW RI SURGXFWV XVHG IRU WKH VPDUW JULG DUH XQGHU WHVW LQ ,QGLD EHFDXVH RI DEVHQFH RI H[SHULHQFH RI RSHUDWLRQ LQ ,QGLDQ HQYLURQPHQW 8WLOLWLHV want more vendor to participate same time they want no wrong product should be accepted. Therefore, the testing processes are taking more time. As manufacturers DQG WKH LQVSHFWRUV DUH IDFLQJ WKH WHVWLQJ Ã&#x20AC;UVW WLPH WKHUH LV QR Ã&#x20AC;UP 623V DUH GHYHORSHG 7KLV ZLOO OHDG LQ PRUH time consumption and irritation to well- prepared bidder RU PDQXIDFWXUHU ,W LV QRW SRVVLEOH WR DQ\ VLQJOH ELGGHU WR DVVHVV WKH Ã&#x20AC;HOG FRQGLWLRQV DQG WKHQ GHFLGH WKH SULFH and time line. Therefore, one has to prepare his mind for the surprise and to spend more time than expected.

As smart grid is new concept, there is lack of FRPSHWHQFLHV VNLOO VHWV DQG SURMHFW PDQDJHPHQW expertise from utility as well as bidder side, this also leads in more time consumption.

May 2017

InFocus

Managing Human Resources

good holding capacity.

WKH GDWH RI SXEOLVKLQJ Ă&#x20AC;UVW 1,7 RI VPDUW JULG WHQGHU 7KH utility ask to submit the list of experts and related human UHVRXUFHV 7KHUH LV UHTXLUHPHQW RI 6PDUW JULG PDWXULW\ 0RGHO H[SHUW DQG VLPLODU H[SHQVLYH KXPDQ UHVRXUFHV which are working mostly on other assignments during WKH SHULRG RI WHQGHU ELGGLQJ DQG Ă&#x20AC;QDOL]DWLRQ 7KH RWKHU assignment may be or may not be of his/ her interest and therefore, these people lose the work satisfaction and result in leaving the organization. Hence, most of the time the list of expert people submitted and the actual people executing the work are different. Getting proper PL[ RI 3RZHU 7HOHFRP &RPPXQLFDWLRQ ,7 (QJLQHHUV DQG DGHTXDWH VNLOOHG KXPDQ UHVRXUFHV ULJKW IURP VPDUW meter installation technicians to HES administrator and operator is a challenging task for the bidder who is UHVSRQVLEOH IRU H[HFXWLQJ WKH SURMHFW

2IIHU YDOLGLW\ LV RQH FKDOOHQJH ,QLWLDOO\ WKH RIIHU YDOLGLW\ LV expected is 180 days. With extension in submission date of the tender it is demanded to extend the validity further.

Commercial terms and condition of the tender and cash flow of the project execution agencies or lead bidder Commercial terms of any bid document generally include: L 4XDOLĂ&#x20AC;FDWLRQ 5HTXLUHPHQW 45

LL (UQHVW 0RQH\ 'HSRVLW LLL 7HUPV RI 3D\PHQW iv. Offer Validity v. Guarantee/ Warrantee vi. Delivery Period vii. Performance Bank Guarantee viii. Price schedule ,I ZH FRQVLGHU TXDOLĂ&#x20AC;FDWLRQ UHTXLUHPHQW QRQH RI organization can meet the technical and commercial QR on its own. This is also true for reputed players in power V\VWHP ,W GLIĂ&#x20AC;FXOW WR Ă&#x20AC;QG RQH DQG VDPH RUJDQL]DWLRQ is having all the technical experience and solutions UHTXLUHG IRU VPDUW JULG DQG PHWHULQJ XQGHU RQH XPEUHOOD Therefore, there is need consortium of more than two RUJDQL]DWLRQ LQ PRVW RI WKH VPDUW JULG SLORW SURMHFWV However lead bidder is one â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;braveâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; organization who is XQGHU PDMRU ULVN LI SURMHFW LV QRW H[HFXWHG RU GHOD\HG though it is mentioned in the tender that â&#x20AC;&#x153;Bidder or all DVVRFLDWHV VKRXOG EH UHDG\ IRU DFFHSWLQJ MRLQW VHYHUDO liabilities for all obligations under the contract for the VXSSO\ DQG VHUYLFH VXSSRUW Âľ 0RVW RI WKH FRQVRUWLXP members and some of the giants denies to commit this to lead bidder and the utility as their global legal GHSDUWPHQW WDNHV REMHFWLRQ RQ VXFK REOLJDWLRQV 7KHUHIRUH LW EHFRPHV GLIĂ&#x20AC;FXOW WR IRUP WKH FRQVRUWLXP However most of the giants and so called reputed players not ready to become lead bidder in these pilot SURMHFWV 6RPH H[FHSWLRQV VKDOO EH FRQVLGHUHG The terms of payment (ToP) are applicable to lead bidder. The consortium members or sub-contractors may not agree the terms of payment back to back as SHU WKHLU JOREDO FRPSDQ\ SROLF\ ,Q WKLV FDVH WKH OHDG ELGGHU PD\ IDFH SUREOHP RI FDVK Ă RZ DQG PXVW KDYH

May 2017

Standardization of overall specification and component wise standardization $OO WKH SLORW SURMHFW DUH KDQGOHG E\ UHVSHFWLYH VWDWH electricity boards. They have their own priorities, and WKHLU VSHFLĂ&#x20AC;F UHTXLUHPHQW GHSHQG RQ WKH LQIUDVWUXFWXUH development. They appointed different consultants.

7KHUHIRUH ZKLOH GHVLJQLQJ WKH VFRSH DQG VSHFLĂ&#x20AC;FDWLRQV LW ZDV GLIIHUHQW IRU HYHU\ XWLOLW\ ,I WKH VFRSH UHPDLQ RQO\ OLPLWHG WR $05 $0, WKH V\VWHP VSHFLĂ&#x20AC;FDWLRQ FDQ UHPDLQ VDPH +RZHYHU PRVW RI WKH SLORW SURMHFWV DUH PL[WXUH RI JULG XSJUDGDWLRQ DQG WKHQ $0, DQG $05 *ULG XSJUDGDWLRQ LV KHDY\ ZRUN DV FRPSDUH WR $0, DQG $05 7KH $0, DQG $05 V\VWHP VSHFLĂ&#x20AC;FDWLRQ VKDOO EH VWDQGDUGL]HG LQ QDWLRQDO LQWHUHVW DQG RQO\ PDNH LQ ,QGLD V\VWHPV VKDOO be allowed to use without compromising in technology. *ULG XSJUDGDWLRQ UHTXLUHPHQW PD\ EH GLIIHU IURP VWDWH to state and place to place. However, automation and FRPPXQLFDWLRQ FRPSRQHQWV OLNH )578 UHTXLUHG LQ 508 and distribution transformers shall be standardized in terms of open inter operable communication protocols DQG LWV LQWHJUDWLRQ ZLWK WKLUG SDUW\ 6&$'$ '06 V\VWHP ,I VXEVWDWLRQV DUH DOUHDG\ DXWRPDWHG PRVW RI WKH PXOWL function meters within the substation is communicating to existing Substation Automation System (SAS) or the 578 ZKLFK LV FRPPXQLFDWLQJ WR 6/'&V 0RVWO\ PHWHUV are having only one communication RS485 port which LV DOUHDG\ HQJDJHG ,Q WKLV FDVH WKHUH LV QHHG WR LQVWDOO QHZ PXOWLIXQFWLRQ PHWHU +RZHYHU ,I D PHWHU LV KDYLQJ Ethernet port supporting multiple concurrent masters RYHU RSHQ SURWRFRO OLNH 0RGEXV RU GOPV The other challenges are listed as mentioned in introduction: 7. Testing and certifying the components, 8. Testing and certifying proof of concept of entire integrated system 0DQDJLQJ LQWHUHVWV RI DOO VWDNH KROGHUV ZKLOH implementation 0DQDJLQJ DOO SDUWLFLSDWLQJ YHQGRUV WR HQFRXUDJH competition and best technology and execution to come up ,QIUDVWUXFWXUH FKDOOHQJHV DQG PRGLI\LQJ WKH H[LVWLQJ infrastructure suitable for smart grid 12. Communication infrastructure availability for remote industrial and agricultural customer. ([HFXWLQJ WKH SURMHFW ZLWK FRPSOHWH VFRSH 14. Training to operation and maintenance manpower and consumers/ prosumers.

0DQDJLQJ 5HWXUQ RI ,QYHVWPHQW 0DLQWHQDQFH RI VPDUW JULG LQIUDVWUXFWXUH RYHU WKH long time periods

89

InFocus

The above points are not expanded here because of length of the paper. However, can be explained, separately if someone is having interest.

Conclusion All above 16 challenges can be overcome by technoFRPPHUFLDO LPSURYHPHQWV WR DFKLHYH Ã&#x20AC;QDO JRDOV RI smart grid.

We hope to overcome the challenges as progress of WKH VPDUW JULG SLORW SURMHFWV DQG UHOHYDQW WHVW IDFLOLWLHV improvement of human resource competencies at utility side as well as vendorsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; side. All Vendors need to critically relook into their performance in current SG 3URMHFWV MRLQWO\ LQWHUDFW WR EULQJ DERXW VXVWDLQDEOH PRGHO WR WDNH ,QGLD LQWR PDMRU 6* UROO RXW MRXUQH\ :H DOVR VXJJHVW WKDW WKHUH VKDOO EH RQH DQG Ã&#x20AC;[ QDWLRQDO VPDUW JULG VSHFLÃ&#x20AC;FDWLRQV ZKLFK FRYHUV QHHG RI DOO VWDWH electricity boards and remote areas.

We also suggest that there shall be one common interoperable communication protocol for all meter manufacturers and HES manufacturers. Same shall be strictly followed without taking undue advantages of RSWLRQDO Ã&#x20AC;HOGV GHVFULEHG LQ WKH SURWRFRO ,I QHFHVVDU\ WKH '/06 &26(0 35272&2/ VKDOO EH UHGHÃ&#x20AC;QHG LQ ,QGLDQ FRQWH[W DQG VKDOO EH PDGH IXOO\ PDQGDWRU\ LQ the interests of long term operation maintenance and expansion of the grid. /HDUQLQJV )HHGEDFN IURP 6* 3LORWV XQGHUZD\ QHHG WR EH VWXGLHG E\ 16*0 VKRXOG EHFRPH EDVLV IRU SODQQLQJ DZDUGLQJ IXWXUH 3URMHFW ZRUN REFERENCES

> @ %LGGLQJ GRFXPHQWV RI WKH VPDUW JULG SLORW SURMHFWV > @ 16*0 ZHEVLWH DQG 6PDUW *ULG 9LVLRQ DQG 5RDGPDS IRU ,QGLD > @ 3URFHHGLQJV RI &,*5( $25& 7HFKQLFDO 0HHWLQJ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO FRQIHUHQFH RQ *OREDO WUHQGV LQ WKH GHYHORSment of Transmission & Distribution including Smart Grid [4]

Proceedings of Conference of GridTech 2015: New techQRORJLHV LQ 7UDQVPLVVLRQ 6PDUW JULG 5HQHZDEOH ,QWHJUDtion & Communication

[5]

12th Five year plan and Financial budgets of government RI ,QLGD

> @ ,3'6 VFKHPH Æ&#x201C;

Anand Arvind Shastri Senior Manager-Market Research SCOPE T&M Pvt. Ltd.

Yash Sanjay Kulkarni Manager-NBD SCOPE T&M Pvt. Ltd. Mumbai India yash.kulkarni@scopetnm.com Mumbai India anand.shastri@scopetnm.com

90

May 2017

Innovation

Low PAN as a standard has been very effectively instrumental in addressing the growing need and numbers of cloud connected nodes and their Low Power PAN network. Especially in domains like Smart meter and Smart cities where the naumber of nodes will be very high along with a critical data and control exchange happening in regular intervals, 6LowPAN appears to be the key to connect all the nodes. Having already a huge number of smart meters (using Zigbee and other protocols) installed in India, the next challenge for everyone is how to sustain it. This paper proposes an approach to effectively utilize the available license free bands in India using 6LowPAN and address the entire need in scope of Smart Meter and Smart Cities with sustainable Smartness.

Introduction With a surge in number of connected devices and even bigger demand of more, which is scaling up every day, the amount of data exchange with utmost reliability becomes a key for sustainable smartness overall. Now there are several aspects in the smartness of these connected devices, like uniqueness and reliability encapsulated with VHFXULW\ DQG V\VWHP HIĂ&#x20AC;FLHQF\ Letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s try to focus only on the domain of Smart Meters and Smart cities as of now and discuss some of the best possible ways to address that need.

India is a growing nation and I personally feel that it cannot be predicted using any metric, that at what rate in which vertical and through what path. In short it is growing Omni directionally and with a very fast pace. A smart city is made by smart devices used by smarter people.

When the bigger picture of a smart city is portrayed it LV KLJKOLJKWHG ZLWK DIĂ&#x20AC;UPDWLRQ WKH FRQQHFWLYLW\ RI DOO WKH nodes whether it is a street light, a parking sensor, an

May 2017

advertisement board, a road sign board, an access control of society or building, a LED light or appliances in home, a security camera, a thermostat, a solar inverter, a vending machine, a smart watch, a smart phone and what not.

But the most important thing behind all these nodes is the source of power to make them work, whether it is mains power, battery power or renewable source of energy like solar or wind. And it goes without saying that the smartness is essential right from the source and hence the smartness in power generation to distribution to its consumption becomes necessary. And the most important link in this entire chain is use of smart meters, whether it is energy meter, water meter or gas meter, is the need of moment.

In this paper I would like to discuss on how 6LowPAN as a standard can address this need of uniquely addressing, communicating and controlling all the connected smart devices. And if commissioned and used optimally can be the key for sustainable smartness for years down the road.

What is 6Lowpan?

6LoWPAN is acronym for: IPv6 over Low Power Wireless 3HUVRQDO $UHD 1HWZRUN /R:3$1 LV D ORZ SRZHU wireless mesh network where every node has its own IPv6 address allowing it to connect directly to the Internet.

The main idea with the 6lowpan standard is that the Internet Protocol should be used even at the lowest cost and most constrained devices in a low power wireless network.

91

Innovation

How do esitall work ?

The main idea is to compress IPv6 headers and not send data and information that the devices already knows.

E.g. Is there no need to send the IPv6 dest and source address in every header, since this information becomes known to the node once it joins the 6lowpan network.

The other big feature of 6lowpan is the fragmentation, L H WKH VSOLWWLQJ RI SDFNHWV WR Ă&#x20AC;W LQWR ,((( 0$& frames. The IPv6 mandates to support a minimum MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) of 1280 bytes, while the MAC frame in total is 127 bytes. Depending on security settings the actual payload might be as small as 40 bytes.

FIGURE 1: L A YER B RE A K U P OF 6LOW P AN

When most people refer to 6lowpan netoworks they really mean a LPRF network running IPv6 on all devices.

However the 6lowpan layer is a tiny layer in the stack residing just below IPv6 and above the IEEE802.

15.4 MAC, with the purpose of fragmenting and compressing IP frames so that they can be sent over the IEEE MAC layer.

7KH ORZSDQ VWDQGDUG LV GHĂ&#x20AC;QHG E\ ,(7) ,QWHUQHW Engineering Task Force), this is the International standard body specifying all standards used on Internet, e.g. TCP, +773 DQG 8'3 $OO VWDQGDUGV DUH UHOHDVHG DQG GHĂ&#x20AC;QHG LQ RFC documents, the one for 6LoWPAN is RFC6282. You FDQ Ă&#x20AC;QG LW RQ KWWSV ZZZ LHWI RUJ

FIGURE 3: ROUTE IN 6LOWPAN NET WO RK

6lowpan networks are self healing mesh networks, that means that devices automatically connects to a Edge Router (Gateway) that has the right RF and security settings. If a node fails or drop out of the network the URXWLQJ SURWRFRO LV VPDUW HQRXJK WR Ă&#x20AC;QG D QHZ ZD\ around the failing device.

The biggest advantage with 6lowpan is that developer XVHG WR ZULWH VRFNHW H J 7&3 8'3 DSSOLFDWLRQV LQ D PC environment will be very familliar with the developemnt HQYLURQPHQW DQG Ă RZ $QRWKHU advantage is the lack of need of a application layer gateway, the only functionality that is needed on the Edge Router is basically abridge between the RF and e.g Ethernet netowork.

How to optimally use what is available?

Figure 2: P A Cket Of 6Lo Wp An N Etw Or K

92

Every region in world has a set of license free frequency band to be used. The government bodies specify the guidelines, for use of these license free frequency EDQG E\ GHĂ&#x20AC;QLQJ WKH 0D[LPXP allowed TX power, duty cycle, compliance standards and data exchange protocols. But India is different it is still striving to

May 2017

Innovation

reach where other countries have already reached. And smartness in making things smart lies in learning from their experiences.

Every smart device essentially does some work, which generates some data. To make that data more meaningful FHUWDLQ DPRXQW RI FRQWURO DQG FRQĂ&#x20AC;JXUDWLRQ LV DOVR needed, either in real-time or in periodic interval of time.

Now from all the data generated there is certain amount of data which is needed in quick interval of time and rest may be needed once in a while. The smartness lies all in bringing that measured data and allowing that control LQ WKH PRVW HIĂ&#x20AC;FLHQW PDQQHU ,W LV YHU\ ULJKWO\ VDLG WKDW â&#x20AC;&#x153;Saralta hi safalta ka sar haiâ&#x20AC;?, that means simplicity is the key to success.

I believe few points if followed, can make things much VPDUWHU HIĂ&#x20AC;FLHQW VLPSOH DQG VXVWDLQDEOH )LUVWO\ WKH XVH of license free frequency bands should be more clearly GHĂ&#x20AC;QHG DQG LI QHHGHG WKHQ UHYLVHG IRU IUHTXHQF\ EDQG width, number of channels, duty cycle, and modulation techniques, etc. We should select narrowband modulation techniques with algorithms like channel hopping (TSCH Time slotted channel hopping) to optimally duty cycle the available frequency bandwidth.

6HFRQGO\ WKH GDWD H[FKDQJH VKRXOG EH GHĂ&#x20AC;QHG RQ time basis that is the periodicity of data exchange to ensure that the available band gets optimally used only when needed. For example if the cumulative energy registers(active, reactive and apparent) and needed along with last bill stamp then only a single packet, or max two, should be exchanged on daily basis or weekly EDVLV DORQJ ZLWK WKH WDPSHU Ă DJV DODUP Ă DJV RQ DV DQG when triggered basis. Network maintenance or â&#x20AC;&#x153;I am aliveâ&#x20AC;? messages from nodes can always be sent on hourly or more bases to keep sanity check of network.

Thirdly, the protocols to exchange data should be very lite and thin. So that they donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t burden the network and nodes with high Packet error rate, repeated transmissions and heavy duty cycle. The data to be exchanged on monthly basis should be a single packet and as thin as possible. Keeping data as thin allows the encryption to HQFDSVXODWH LW DQG PDLQWDLQ WKH QHWZRUN HIĂ&#x20AC;FLHQF\ WRR ,I a elephant is made to ride a horse then it will only lead to loss of both and nothing else. For example, a protocol like DLMS-COSEM, which so heavy and takes a lot of time on even wired media too, when will be made to run on LowPANs then can choke the entire network with only the single node communication happening. Legacy of DLMS should only be extended for the betterment of situation rather than overloading the improvements also with it and ultimately forcing to defeat the entire purpose.

Fourthly, think beyond government tenures and guarantee periods. The selection of technology should be done just like we invest our money for future returns.

Select a technology or set of technologies (making hybrid networks to address all needs) which addresses above three points and are future scalable.

May 2017

LowPANâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s using 6LowPAN based IPv6 addressing allows the nodes to be addressed in future too and assure a seamless integration with a standard backhaul network head end system.

Future :RUOG QRZ GHĂ&#x20AC;QHV WKH WHFKQRORJLHV DOVR LQ JHQHUDWLRQV Yesterday it was 3G, today it is 4G and tomorrow will be 5G, but what remains same is the backbone the telecomm infrastructure. Solution to most of the problem generally lies in the problem itself. If Today there is a challenge of connecting the smart devices together and to cloud then let the devices themselves contribute to it.

With narrowband LTE coming the IP networks will reuse the existing infrastructure thereby not only addressing the surging demand of connected devices but also lesser investment with much bigger returns. Companies like Texas instruments who already are technology leaders and provide the best innovative solutions for all the needs, are already investing in the future of LTE narrowband.

Conclusion IP addressing is the key for uniqueness of each smart node in the world. Standarda like 6lowPAn use it IP addressing in foundation and promise to cover the entire need of smarter world effectively and sustainably. With options like narrowband LTE around the corner the preparation for challenge appears upright.

Smart is just a word but smartness is when smart people act together. It is essential for all the stakeholders ; government , power utilities, smart grid designers(meter manufacturers) and future ready solution providers like Texas Instruments to work together and make this a reality as quickly as possible.

REFERENCES 1. IEEE std. 802.15.4 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2006: Wireless Medium Access Control 0$& DQG 3K\VLFDO /D\HU 3+< VSHFLĂ&#x20AC;FDWLRQ IRU /RZ 5DWH :LUHOHVV 3HUVRQDO $UHD 1HWZRUNV /5 :3$1V KWWS ZZZ LHHH RUJ SXE 7* KWPO

2. Transmission of IPv6 Packets over IEEE 802.15.4 Networks.

KWWSV WRROV LHWI RUJ KWPO UIF

3. Compression Format for IPv6 Datagrams over IEEE %DVHG 1HWZRUNV KWWSV WRROV LHWI RUJ KWPO rfc6282).

4. IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks-Part 15.4: Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs) Amendment 3: Physical Layer (PHY) SpeciĂ&#x20AC;FDWLRQV IRU /RZ 'DWD 5DWH :LUHOHVV 6PDUW 0HWHULQJ 8WLOLW\ 1HWZRUNV KWWSV VWDQGDUGV LHHH RUJ Ă&#x20AC;QGVWGV VWDQGDUG J KWPO

5. IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks-Part 15.4: Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs) Amendment 1: 0$& VXEOD\HU KWWSV VWDQGDUGV LHHH RUJ Ă&#x20AC;QGVWGV VWDQGDUG H KWPO Ć&#x201C;

Abhed Misra, Texas Instruments

93

Opinion

smart grid is the integration of information and communications technology into electric transmission and distribution networks. Today, the electricity supply industry is suffering with an unprecedented array of challenges, ranging from demand-supply gap to rising power costs. These forces are driving the need to reinvent the business so as to manage the network HIĂ&#x20AC;FLHQWO\ DQG PHHW HYHU ULVLQJ FXVWRPHU H[SHFWDWLRQ That, in turn, is driving the need for a smart grid.

Last decade has seen major reforms in power sector like enactment of Electricity Act 2003 and state electricity board organization. Generation, Transmission and Distribution, all three have become independent activities. For distribution business the three major performance parameters areh

AT&C Loss level

h

Customer satisfaction

h

Quality of electricity

As part of the current industry business transformation process, utilities need to implement outage response and outage management improvements, remote VHUYLFH GLVFRQQHFW UHFRQQHFW FDSDELOLW\ ORDG SURĂ&#x20AC;OLQJ and maintenance optimizations in addition to end to end energy audit at all voltage levels. The consumer also wants to be involved in energy usage matters.

Consumers want to see and understand their usage, avoid demand peaks, conserve energy and hold down FRVW )DFWRUV LQĂ XHQFLQJ WKH FRQVXPHU GHPDQGV include Time of Use pricing for energy, critical peak pricing, direct load control and Home Area Network energy management solutions. The interests of utilities, customers and regulators are converging to create a Smart Grid.

94

Smart grid co-ordinates the needs and capabilities of all generators, grid operators, transmission and distribution utilities, end-users and electricity market stakeholders WR RSHUDWH WKH SRZHU V\VWHP DV HIĂ&#x20AC;FLHQWO\ DV SRVVLEOH minimising costs and environmental impacts while PD[LPLVLQJ V\VWHP UHOLDELOLW\ UHVLOLHQFH DQG VWDELOLW\ 7KH GULYHUV IRU FKDQJH DUH ERWK H[WHUQDO WR WKH QHWZRUN like preparing for a low-carbon future by reducing greenhouse gases, as well as internal, like the need for replacement of the ageing network infrastructure and adopt new technologies.

Solution Architecture It is envisaged that the Implementation of Smart Grid technologies shall help utility integrate new innovative tools and technologies from Central Control Station to distribution transformers and all the way to consumer appliances and equipments. Smart Grid Technology will provide unparalleled capabilities in monitoring, FRQWUROOLQJ RSWLPL]LQJ WKH HIĂ&#x20AC;FLHQFLHV WKURXJK RXW distribution system. Implementation of an smart meter Ă&#x20AC;HOG GHYLFHV 0'0 0HWHU 'DWD 0DQDJHPHQW V\VWHP DQG LQWHJUDWLRQ RI $0, GDWD GLVWULEXWLRQ DXWRPDWLRQ systems, which are the major components of smart grid, shall provide the information and intelligent control necessary to facilitate the operation of the smart grid.

Authorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s perspective on uncovered areas of smart gridAs the utilities move towards the conceptualization of smart grid in their utility, there are few uncovered areas which are critical and needs to be looked upon before the its actual implementation takes place. If the areas and

May 2017

Opinion

parameters addressed in the article remain untouched before the large scale smart grid implementation, it might effect the overall success of smart grid in a long way. As we know the key building blocks of making a smart grid includes and not limited to smart meter, communication network, Data management and business intelligence, let us have a re- look into the key areas. The author feels the areas when addressed, will go a long way in making the smart grid roll out a success.

Smart Meter- While smart meter is the key component of smart grid concept, the following functionality of smart meter needs to be in place before launching of smart grid in a long way 3RVW SDLG WR SUH SDLG PHWHULQJ :LWK LQWHOOLJHQFH DW server level, the token less pre paid system gives a relief away from the conventional key pad token based system.

analytics and business intelligence, avoiding it from access load.

:LUH VHJUHJDWLRQ IRU '5 ,W LV SURSRVHG WKDW WKH ZLULQJ be segregated into the essential and nonâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;essential ORDGV DW WKH PHWHU OHYHO LWVHOI 0HWHU VKRXOG EH designed with DO provision to and help avoid high cost of home area automation to serve the needs of DR.

3ROH PHWHULQJ FRQFHSW :H DUH DOO DZDUH WKHUH DUH still many pockets in the country with losses greater than 50%. Smart meters can be good tool but not H[KDXVWLYH HQRXJK WR FXUE HQWLUH WKHIW 3ROH JURXS smart meter installed at pole can be good option to achieve the utilityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s objective of loss reduction. This would also enable effective energy audit from pole to consumer.

*36 FRRUGLQDWHV IURP PHWHU $VVHW DQG QHWZRUN mobilization and tracking is one of the key features of smart grid. If smart meters have provision to VHQG WKH *36 FRRUGLQDWHV DQG VDPH KLJKOLJKWHG on the GIS map, the whole network including the smart meters can be plotted, thereby assisting in asset and network mapping. Further, the same can EH OLQNHG WR WKH 2XWDJH 0DQDJHPHQW 6\VWHP IRU IDVWHU IDXOW LGHQWLÃ&#x20AC;FDWLRQ DQG UHVWRUDWLRQ

L 7KH SURYLVLRQ RI VPDUW PHWHU JHWWLQJ VZLWFKHG to pre paid helps overcome almost all hassles related to conventional prepaid based meter, namely a. Negative balance cases E 0HWHU E\SDVV WKHIW FDVHV c. Tariff updation issues d. RTC failure cases leading to non reduction of Ã&#x20AC;[HG FKDUJHV H 0HWHU 5HDGLQJ UHODWHG LVVXHV LL &DVHV RI QHJDWLYH EDODQFH HWF FDQ EH GHWHFWHG online.

LLL 1R WRNHQV HQDEOLQJ HDV\ UHFKDUJH DQG IDVWHU implementation LY 3URYLVLRQ RI VHQGLQJ DODUPV 606 WR FRQVXPHU mobile/ e mail in case of low balance The switching from pre paid to post paid and vice versa should be an inherent feature of the smart metering system. Depending upon the business case, regulations, and utility needs, the smart metering system should support pre paid, post paid metering and switching between them.

$XWR DVVHVVPHQW 7KHUH LV D ORW RI WDON DERXW DOO metering and analytical decisions to be performed at server level, as we move towards the smart grid era. However, the author feels basic decisions and capability should also be enhanced at the meter level itself rather than solely depending on the server side business intelligence. Eg. there are evident events of potential missing, phase association cases where the meter just logs events, it is desired the smart meter to be smart enough, incorporating logics to do auto assessment in such cases. It is so desired that metrology should remain strong at the meter side, it is always easy to convince the consumer through meter data rather than going on self assessment on server side.

Let the server perform on the long list of data

May 2017

5HWURÃ&#x20AC;W VXSSRUW IRU OHJDF\ PHWHUV :H DOO NQRZ FRPSOHWH MXVWLÃ&#x20AC;FDWLRQ RI VPDUW JULG ZRXOG FRPH though new smart meters in place, however we FDQQRW UXOH RXW UHWURÃ&#x20AC;WWLQJ RI WKH ODUJH QR RI OHJDF\ PHWHUV GXH WR KXJH FDSLWDO LQYROYHG 7KH UHWURÃ&#x20AC;W smart meters should get sync within the same communication network.

5HQHZDEOH ,QWHJUDWLRQ ² 0HUHO\ PHQWLRQLQJ WKH renewable integration does not implement it.

(J &RQÃ&#x20AC;JXUDELOLW\ RI VPDUW PHWHU DV QHW PHWHU LV SDUW RI PRVW RI WKH VPDUW PHWHU VSHFLÃ&#x20AC;FDWLRQ KRZHYHU WKH GHÃ&#x20AC;QLWLRQ DQG SDUDPHWHU FRPSXWDWLRQ of net meter is quite different from that of normal meter. It needs to be paid attention that the basic metrology functions does not get defeated as we talk about the renewable integration.

5HPRWH &RQQHFW 'LVFRQQHFW ² 6PDUW PHWHU KDV remote connect/ disconnect features. This comes at an additional cost. Do we really require this as an inbuilt feature in all smart meters, how many meters GLVFRP GLVFRQQHFW LV GLVFRQQHFWLRQ DUHD VSHFLÃ&#x20AC;F" :H QHHG WR DGGUHVV WKHVH TXHVWLRQV EHIRUH JRLQJ in for procurement of smart meters with connect/ disconnect features.

6PDUW 0HWHU %,6 $W SUHVHQW %,6 FHUWLÃ&#x20AC;HG VPDUW meters are not available, we presume this would come in near future. However, the underlying question remains, would the meter manufacturer UHTXLUHV WZR %,6 FHUWLÃ&#x20AC;FDWLRQV LQ FDVH LQWHJUDWLQJ the same meter with communication module from two different vendors.

95

Opinion

/RFDWLRQ RI WKH 1,& FDUG 1HWZRUN ,QWHUIDFH &DUG 1,& LV XVHG ZKLFK LQWHUDFWV ZLWK RWKHU PHWHU and other similar devices and communicate over communication network. Apart from key challenges related to modules like interoperability, capability of UHWURÃ&#x20AC;W Ã&#x20AC;WWLQJ RI UHWURÃ&#x20AC;WV WKHUH ZRXOG EH D GHEDWH about the location of NIC card ie. It should be plug in type or built in into the meter. Now if it is built inside the meter, and communication gets disrupted, the responsibility of NIC card nonfunctionality should be of the network supplier or WKH PHWHU PDQXIDFWXUHU" 7KLV PLJKW KDYH D GLUHFW impact on the SLA of the solution provider.

Communication network- The communication network is a backbone for the entire smart grid project. While the communication technology and WKH YHQGRU JHWV Ã&#x20AC;QDOL]HG IROORZLQJ DUHDV QHHG WR EH in place to make the communication infrastructure last for a period of atleast 20 years.

+\EULG FRPPXQLFDWLRQ At present, most vendors come up with RF solution to design the communication network, but simply RF canopy alone cannot help meet the requirement of entire communication infrastructure. It is envisaged that Hybrid communication, based on viability of communication at a particular location, rather than RF alone should act as backbone for its HQWLUH UHJLRQ FRYHULQJ FRPPXQLFDWLRQ RI HQWLUH Ã&#x20AC;HOG elements including smart meters across its service area required for deployment of entire gamut of Smart Grid applications. Further HES should be compatible to hybrid platform as well.

PRGHPV LQVWDOOHG RQ Ã&#x20AC;HOG $UH ZH JRLQJ EDFN WR WKH $05 HUD"

&DVFDGLQJ SRZHU RII HIIHFW 2QH RI WKH ULVNV RI depending on public communication networks is WKH FDVFDGLQJ IDLOXUH 3RZHU IDLOV FRPPXQLFDWLRQ network fails and all automation/remote controls IDLO :KLOH ZH KDYH UREXVW EDFN XS VXSSO\ IRU ,7 DQG communication networks internally, we should have similar backup for the Communication Canopy to ensure communication works even in case of local or utility wide power failure. The decision on the back up duration should be based on the longest system wide or highest voltage level failures observed and/or the time taken to move the teams to critical locations for manual operations.

2QH 1HWZRUN :KLOH WKH FRPPXQLFDWLRQ QHWZRUN LV being laid for the electricity distribution company, WKHUH DUH RWKHU XWLOLWLHV OLNH WKH -DO %RDUG ZKR ZRXOG UHTXLUH VLPLODU LQIUDVWUXFWXUH :H PXVW think over leveraging and cost optimization of the communication network of the power discom before deployment. This could be a very good EXVLQHVV FDVH DOVR SURYLGLQJ FRVW MXVWLÃ&#x20AC;FDWLRQ

9ROWDJH # DJUHHG WLPH VWDPS 2QH RI WKH PRVW important activities from smart grid is energy audit. This can also help calculate technical loss separately. Getting voltage at agreed time stamp is very critical for calculation of technical losses in the system. However, it remains to be seen that there are hardly any systems which would support this requirement. Under this scenario, the whole concept of energy audit and technical loss could go for a toss. communication failure, there would be provision of data download through any held device / mobile device. This device should use the same communication network for data transfer rather than the human intervention to move large distance for data download and uploading.

&RYHU FRPSOHWH DUHD 7KH 1DWLRQDO WDULII SROLF\ KDV restrictions on the no of smart meters depending RQ WKH PRQWKO\ XVDJH DQG FRQVXPSWLRQ :KLOH the utility carries out the implementation of smart grid, it is felt that rather than going on partial and staggered coverage, the utility should opt to cover WKH HQWLUH GLYLVLRQ FLUFOH DUHD WR DYDLO EHQHÃ&#x20AC;WV RI smart grid in entirety.

*DWHZD\ FRPPXQLFDWLRQ RQ *356 * PRXQWLQJ arrangement- In most of the solutions offered by $0, YHQGRUV WKH FRQQHFWLYLW\ RI JDWHZD\ URXWHU FROOHFWRU UHPDLQV RQ *356 * 7KH VDPH QHHGV D review as this again gives dependence on the third SDUW\ VHUYLFH SURYLGHU QHWZRUN DYDLODELOLW\ :KDW ZRXOG KDSSHQ LQ FDVH RI GLVUXSWLRQ RI WKH *60 QHWZRUN YLV D YLV WKH 6/$ RI WKH QHWZRUN SURYLGHU" $OVR FLWLQJ FRQFHUQV RYHU ODUJH QR RI *356

96

,QWHJUDWLRQ ZLWK '$ GHYLFHV ,W LV QRW RQO\ FRQVXPHU meters, but a whole gamut of assets which be captured in smart grid including the distribution automation devices like-

h

Network meters like DT meters, grid meters, interface meters etc.

h

Substation / FSS automation

h

DA devices

h

$3)& VZLWFKLQJ FDSDFLWRUV

May 2017

Opinion

h

6ZLWFKJHDUV )3, HWF

h

Sensors with FRTU, air quality, temperature sensors etc.

h

Streetlight meter/ streetlight points

h

Electric vehicle

h

Distributed generation

h

Net meter + solar generation

h

Integration with hybrid FRPPXQLFDWLRQ OLNH 3/&& *356 HWF

h

Storage devices It needs to be ensured if the integrations are already in place or not, else it would be again a long battle of compiling and framing each component into an integrated solution.

,QWHJUDWHG QHWZRUN IRU '$ PHWHUV DQG KRPH DXWRPDWLRQ ² ,Q H[LVWLQJ LQVWDOODWLRQV DQG SURSRVDOV it is seen that there are separate networks for carrying out DR and metering automation. Is that WKH ULJKW DSSURDFK" 7KH VWDQGDUGV UHPDLQ VLOHQW RQ pros and cons of two network implementation for smart gird.

PHWHULQJ WKH 0'0 PXVW WDON DERXW WKH FRQVXPHU savings based on consumer data. It would help VSUHDG DZDUHQHVV DERXW WKH EHQHĂ&#x20AC;WV RI VPDUW JULG between consumers as well.

&RQVXPHU EHKDYLRXU 7KLV FRUUHVSRQGV WR DUWLĂ&#x20AC;FLDO LQWHOOLJHQFH EDVHG RQ PHWHU GDWD 0'0 VKRXOG KDYH FDSDELOLWLHV WR LGHQWLI\ FDVHV ZKHUH FRQĂ&#x20AC;UP theft was observed in the past. Electricity theft is ERUQ RXW RI KXPDQ EHKDYLRU ZKLFK LV UHĂ HFWHG LQ the consumption and electricity pattern recorded. ,W FRUUHVSRQGV WR WKH WK 0DWXULW\ OHYHO RI VPDUW JULG 7KH WK 0DWXULW\ OHYHO LV EDVHG RQ EDVLF principles. For 2 events, having similar trend then LW LV H[SHFWHG WKDW WKHLU RXWFRPH ZLOO DOVR EH VLPLODU 0'0 KROGV KXJH EDQNV RI PHWHU GDWD FRQVXPSWLRQ data, secondary data information on successful DQG XQVXFFHVVIXO OHDGV DV LGHQWLĂ&#x20AC;HG WKURXJK OHYHOV 1-4 of analytics.

)OH[LEOH ELOOLQJ F\FOH :KLOH WKH +(6 JHWV PHWHU GDWD DV SHU GHĂ&#x20AC;QHG VFKHGXOH WKH 0'0 PXVW FRUUHVSRQG ZLWK SURYLVLRQ RI Ă H[LEOH ELOOLQJ F\FOH DV SHU WKH %XVLQHVV QHHGV RI WKH XWLOLW\

1R RI JDWHZD\V 'XULQJ 5) HQJLQHHULQJ QR RI gateways should be the key parameters for design Ă&#x20AC;QDOL]DWLRQ RI WKH FRPPXQLFDWLRQ QHWZRUN 7KHUH LV a need to optimize the no of gateways to reduce the liability and concern.

$YDLODEOH %DQGZLGWK Y V PHWHU Ă&#x20AC;OH VL]H ,W LV ODUJHO\ understood that the frequency bandwidth is also D IXQFWLRQ RI PHWHU Ă&#x20AC;OH VL]H :RXOG MXVW D 0+] frequency spectrum vis a vis the large meter data VL]H DQG DJDLQVW WKH PLOOLRQ YROXPH VXIĂ&#x20AC;FH WKH FRPPXQLFDWLRQ UHTXLUHPHQW"

1HZ IUHTXHQF\ EDQG DQG FRPSDWLELOLW\ ² $V WKH limitations of low frequency band gets surfaced XS DQG UHJXODWRUV SURYLGH H[WUD VSHFWUXP LQ VRPH \HDUV WR FRPH KRZ ZRXOG WKDW Ă&#x20AC;W LQWR WKH H[LVWLQJ VSHFWUXP" :RXOG WKHUH EH WZR VSHFWUXPV DJDLQ ZKHUH WKH VPDUW JULG ZRXOG EH RSHUDWLQJ LQ" 7KH underlying questions about the functioning of two spectrum at the same time need to be reviewed.

Meter Data Management- Meter Data Management System (MDM) is a database with analytical tools that enable interaction with other information systems. It is a tool which enables business intelligence in the smart grid. The following QHHGV WR EH HQVXUHG DV ZH UROO RXW WKH 0'0

&RQVXPHU VDYLQJV $V FRQVXPHU HQJDJHPHQW is one of the most important aspect of smart

May 2017

Conclusion ,W LV VDLG WKDW ´:HOO %HJXQ LV +DOI 'RQHÂľ 8QGHUVWDQGLQJ the need of the hour and considering the current technical, political and regulatory challenges it KDV EHFRPH H[WUHPHO\ LPSRUWDQW WR Ă&#x20AC;QG DQVZHUV WR WKH aspects covered in the paper, so that everything is in place. All the stakeholders should come to a common SODWIRUP WR Ă&#x20AC;QG D KROLVWLF DSSURDFK WR GULYH WKH VPDUW grid. This would help implement & augment the Smart JULG WHFKQRORJ\ LQWR LWV H[LVWLQJ WHFKQRORJ\ ODQGVFDSH WR DFKLHYH RSHUDWLRQDO H[FHOOHQFH DQG FXVWRPHU satisfaction. Ć&#x201C; Vishal Natani General Manager & Head of Deptt â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Scada & Energy Management Group

97

SmartMetering

n India the main constraints for optimum energy management system are energy pilferage, tampered PHWHUV DQG LQHIĂ&#x20AC;FLHQW ELOOLQJ V\VWHP 0RVW RI WKLV FDQ EH UHFWLĂ&#x20AC;HG E\ XVLQJ VPDUW HQHUJ\ PHWHUV (QHUJ\ FRPSXWDWLRQ IRU VPDUW PHWHULQJ LV WHQGHUHG E\ FROOHFWLRQ RI GDWD HLWKHU UHPRWHO\ RU E\ GRZQORDGLQJ WKURXJK 56 RSWLFDO SRUW FRPPXQLFDWLRQ ZLWK WKH FRQVXPHUV WKURXJK PHVVDJHV GLVSOD\HG RQ /('V DQG HQHUJ\ DXGLWLQJ 7KH GULYHUV IRU 6PDUW 0HWHULQJ LQ ,QGLD DUH HQWLUHO\ GLIIHUHQW IURP WKDW LQ WKH GHYHORSHG FRXQWULHV This paper discusses the drivers for Indian Smart 0HWHULQJ ,QGXVWU\ ZKLFK DUH WKHIW GHWHFWLRQ DQG LGHQWLĂ&#x20AC;FDWLRQ RI IUDXGXOHQW SUDFWLFHV UHGXFLQJ GRZQ time, reduction in meter reading and revenue realization cycle and reduction of peak demand via methodological ORDG UHGXFWLRQ EURZQ RXWV

Introduction 2YHU WKH ODVW GHFDGH ZLWK LQFUHDVH LQ KXPDQ GHSHQGHQFH on electrical energy the demand of electricity has increased resulting in shortage of electrical energy, HVSHFLDOO\ DQG HQHUJ\ GHPDQG ZDV LQ 08 WHUPV DQG LQ 0: WHUPV GXULQJ )< 7KH FRQVXPSWLRQ RI (OHFWULFDO HQHUJ\ FDQ EH PDQDJHG E\ DFFXUDWH ELOOLQJ WKHIW GHWHFWLRQ SURSHU LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI WDULII DQG ELOOLQJ V\VWHP DQG GHWHFWLRQ RI LOOHJDO DFWLYLWLHV 7KH PRVW GLIĂ&#x20AC;FXOW WDVN IRU ,QGLDQ XWLOLWLHV LV FROOHFWLRQ RI PHWHULQJ GDWD IRU ELOOLQJ ,Q WUDGLWLRQDO PHWHUV GDWD LV FROOHFWHG E\ YLVLWLQJ WKH FRQVXPHU VLWH SHULRGLFDOO\ WR QRWH WKH PHWHU UHDGLQJ +RZHYHU LW LV WLPH FRQVXPLQJ WHGLRXV DQG UHTXLUHV ORW RI KXPDQ UHVRXUFHV ,W LV SURQH WR PDQXDO HUURUV DQG WKHUH LV DOVR SRVVLELOLW\ RI PDOSUDFWLFHV 6RPHWLPHV YLVLW WR WKH VLWH LV QRW SRVVLEOH

98

EHFDXVH RI EDG ZHDWKHU FRQGLWLRQV LI FRQVXPHU LV QRW DFFHVVLEOH WKH PHWHU UHDGLQJ ZRQ¡W EH SRVVLEOH DQG UHDGHU KDV WR UHYLVLW ,QGLD LV IDFLQJ HQHUJ\ VKRUWDJH GXULQJ WKH SHDN KRXUV &RPPRQ SRZHU PDQDJHPHQW SUREOHP IDFHG E\ XWLOLWLHV LV ORDG VKHGGLQJ 'XULQJ SHDN KRXUV ORZ YROWDJH DQG YROWDJH à XFWXDWLRQ UHSRUWHG DW PDQ\ SODFHV LQ ,QGLD LV D PDMRU SRZHU TXDOLW\ LVVXH 6PDUW PHWHUV ZLWK DGYDQFHG IHDWXUHV OLNH WZR ZD\ FRPPXQLFDWLRQ 7LPH RI 'D\ 7DULII 72' 5HPRWH FRQQHFW GLVFRQQHFW DXWRPDWLF PHWHU UHDGLQJ HWF FDQ VROYH WKH SUREOHPV RI VKRUWDJH RI HQHUJ\ GXULQJ SHDN hours, manual collection of meter data and consumers FDQ HDVLO\ SDUWLFLSDWH LQ HQHUJ\ VDYLQJ 0DQ\ W\SHV RI VPDUW PHWHUV DQG $05V KDYH EHHQ GHYHORSHG ZLWK the advancement in communication and information WHFKQRORJ\ 'HYHORSPHQW LQ UHPRWH PRQLWRULQJ DQG information management play a very important role in HQHUJ\ 0DQDJHPHQW 7KH VPDUW PHWHU HVWDEOLVKHV D WZR ZD\ FRPPXQLFDWLRQ EHWZHHQ FRQVXPHU DQG WKH XWLOLWLHV 6PDUW PHWHUV DUH GHVLJQHG ZLWK IHDWXUHV VXFK DV UHPRWH PRQLWRULQJ RI energy consumption, remotely connect and disconnect, remote detection of energy theft, remote fault detection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

May 2017

SmartMetering

All state owned electricity distribution companies in India are implementing a set of basic IT and Automation solutions under the ongoing R-APDRP scheme of the Ministry of Power.

Some of the digital assets created under this program that already covers 1411 towns can be leveraged to build smarter cities at lower marginal costs. List of digital assets and smart infrastructure created under various schemes of Ministry of Power are as follows: 1.

GIS Map of the Towns

2.

Billing and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Systems

3.

SCADA/DMS System

4.

Common Command and Control Centre

5.

Outage Management Systems (OMS) and Mobile Workforce Management (MWFM)

6.

Application Integration

CEA Technical Standards for Whole Current Smart Meters lists following basic minimum features: h h

Reliability takes a backseat.

In India Ministry of Power Go ernment of India has urged all State tilities to take up remedial measures to impro e ÂżQDQFLDO KHDOWK RI ',6&206 ,Q WKLV UHJDUG WKH IROORZLQJ measures ha e been emphasi ed by Ministry of Power Go ernment of India h

7LPHO\ DQG FRVW HIIHFWLYH WDULII VHWWLQJ E\ 5HJXODWRUV

h

$7 & ORVV UHGXFWLRQ DV SHU WKH WUDMHFWRU\ ÂżQDOL]HG E\ WKH 0LQLVWU\ LQ FRQVXOWDWLRQ ZLWK 6WDWHV

h

Metering of all consumers including agriculture and single point consumers and adoption of energy DFFRXQWLQJ DQG DXGLWLQJ PHWKRGRORJ\

However, in Indian scenario, the Smart Metering infrastructure has to be resilient enough to bear the following: h

igh ambient temperature ( ast ariation in ma imum and minimum temperature in certain areas)

h

Low uality power supply ( armonics issue and 9ROWDJH Ă&#x20AC;XFWXDWLRQ EH\RQG SHUPLVVLEOH

Integrated Load Limit Switch amper

ent detection recording and reporting

h

Power e ent alarm such as loss of supply low/ high oltage

h

Net metering features

The meter shall continue to record under any tamper conditions and would log the event and send alarm to Head End System after detection of the theft features.

Meter shall be immune under external magnetic LQĂ XHQFHV DQG VKDOO EH WHVWHG IRU YROWDJH GLVFKDUJH XS WR 35 kV (optional feature).

ot and humid climate

h

Bureau of Indian Standards has issued following standards for Smart Meters: h

IS

unctional

e uirements of Smart Meters

h

,6 6SHFLÂżFDWLRQV IRU SUH SDLG PHWHUV

h

,6 &RPPXQLFDWLRQ 3URWRFRO

h

IS

Static Meters general Requirements

$PHQGPHQWV LQ 1DWLRQDO 7DULII 3ROLF\ LQ KDYH incorporated provisions for installation of Smart Meters: Clause 8.4:

Sealing Arrangements: Access to the working parts of the meter shall not be possible without breaking the seals.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Appropriate Commission shall, therefore, mandate smart meters for:

Provision of Meter Box: As per the requirement of the distribution company.

D &RQVXPHUV ZLWK PRQWKO\ FRQVXPSWLRQ RI units and more at the earliest but not later than

Thus, in nut-shell, Smart Grid Drivers in India are: h

amper esistant features

h

amper etection and ecording

h

enewable Integration

h

E &RQVXPHUV ZLWK PRQWKO\ FRQVXPSWLRQ DERYH XQLWV E\ Further, two way smart meters shall be provided to all prosumers, who also sell back electricity to the grid as and when they require.â&#x20AC;?

*RYHUQPHQW RI ,QGLD Ă&#x20AC;DJVKLS VFKHPHV Â&#x2021; *: WDUJHW E\ Â&#x2021; SRZHU

On the other hand, Smart Grid Drivers in developed countries are:

Â&#x2021; 1DWLRQDO 0LVVLRQ RI PLOOLRQ HOHFWULF YHKLFOHV E\

h

Managing Peak infrastructure

Â&#x2021; $WDO 0LVVLRQ IRU 5HMXYHQDWLRQ DQG 8UEDQ 7UDQVIRUPDWLRQ $0587 IRU UHMXYHQDWLRQ RI towns across India

h

Impro ing in estment

h

acilitating enewable Distributed Generation

Â&#x2021; 6PDUW &LWLHV 0LVVLRQ IRU GHYHORSLQJ 6PDUW Cities Thus, we observe that tamper protection and tamper detection is a key pre-requisite bin Indian Smart Meter.

May 2017

h

eliability

emand of

e en

supply nergy

with with

aging minimal

Integration

lectric ehicle integration

h

&OLPDWH &KDQJH

h

WDUJHW (XURSH

99

SmartMetering

7KH LV D VHW RI DJUHHG XSRQ OHJLVODWLRQ WR HQVXUH WKH (XURSHDQ 8QLRQ (8 PHHWV LWV FOLPDWH DQG HQHUJ\ WDUJHWV IRU WKH \HDU The package sets three key targets: h

reduction of greenhouse gas emission

h

energy from renewables

h

HI¿FLHQF\ LPSURYHPHQW

Benefits for the electricity consumers in india: h

ransparency

h

igher reliability

h

aster fault resolution

h

Net metering features

Utility concerns over traditional metering in india h h

Prolonged meter reading and billing cycles tensi e load shedding hours

h

Paucity of Skilled Manpower

h

&RQVXPHU UHOLDELOLW\ DQG TXDOLW\

Benefits of smart meters over traditional meters

Meter Data Management System(MDM) Meter Data Management system is a software which manages and stores the vast quantities of data delivered by smart metering systems.

MDM plays a very vital role in smart grid infrastructure which is in the process of being evolved and adopted by the utility companies.

The data which is collected from the other subsystems are also useful such as: OMS (Outage Management System) CMS (Customer Management System) DMS (Distributed Management System) WMS (Work management System) Integration of this system with MDM can be achieved using Enterprise Management System.

Network Management System 'LIIHUHQW 1HWZRUN PRGHOV SURSRVHG IRU 0HWHUV DUH Home Area Network (HAN) This network connects home appliances to the smart meters to support demand response, control energy FRQVXPSWLRQ :L )L %OXHWRRWK /R3$1 :L )L DUH WKH GHYLFHV XVHG WR FRQQHFW DOO WKH GHYLFHV WR +$1 7KH short distance between the nodes which enables the low SRZHU WUDQVPLVVLRQ DQG ZLUHOHVV WHFKQRORJLHV WR +$1V 'LIIHUHQW WHFKQRORJLHV DUH *K] :L )L :LUHOHVV networking protocol, ZigBee and homeplug etc.

h

Smart meters are error less it pro ides consumers DQG XWLOLW\ FRPSDQLHV DFFXUDWH PHWHU UHDGLQJ

h

No need to isit the site and note the meter reading the data can be sent easily to the utility FRPSDQLHV RYHU WKH ZHE

h

ampering of smart meters can easily be detected E\ XWLOLW\ FRPSDQLHV

h

Smart meters when connected to the home appliances it can control the electricity FRQVXPSWLRQ

h

Smart meters pro ide payment con enience correct measurement and billing daily meter reading information remote connect/disconnect faster fault UHPRYDO DQG UHOLDEOH DQG TXDOLW\ SRZHU

Wide Area Network(WAN)

&RQVXPHU UHOLDELOLW\ DQG TXDOLW\

Reducing Energy Losses

h

Neighborhood Area Network (NAN) Multiple homes act as a group and served by data FRQFHQWUDWRU XQLW '&8 ZKLFK FROOHFWV WKH GDWD IURP +$1 1HWZRUN YLD 1$1

,W VHQGV WKH PHWHU GDWD ZKLFK LV FROOHFWHG DW '&8 WR WKH power management system.

h

$FFXUDWH PHDVXUHPHQW RI PHWHULQJ GDWD

h

$XWRPDWLF GDLO\ HQHUJ\ DXGLW WR LGHQWLI\ XQ PHWHUHG FRQQHFWLRQV

1. AMI(Automated Metering Infrastructure)

h

,QVWDQW DODUP LQ FDVH RI PHWHU WHPSHULQJ GHWHFWLRQ

2. MDM(Meter Data Management System)

h

educed line losses due to reduced ma imum demand

1HWZRUN 0DQDJHPHQW 6\VWHP

h

Automated Metering Infrastructure(AMI)

educed line losses due to reduced reacti e SRZHU Ã&#x20AC;RZ

h

Smart metering operations has the potential to UHGXFH PRVW WHFKQLFDO ORVVHV a

h

0RQHWDU\ EHQH¿WV RXW RI ORVV UHGXFWLRQ VKRXOG pay for the price of smart grid deployment o er \HDUV EHVLGHV QXPHURXV RWKHU EHQH¿WV DUH not considered yet.

Componenets of smart metering Different components of smart metering are:

3. Communication

The data which is collected from the meters are gathered at the main server is called as the Advanced metering infrastructure. In present systems the data is collected at every instance every minute is very big and this data is referred to as a Big Data.

100

May 2017

SmartMetering

h

h

h

h

liminate unscheduled load shedding by dynamic ORDG FRQWURO 6PDUW PHWHULQJ KDV WKH IHDWXUH WR XWLOL]H WKH SRZHU V\VWHPLQ OLQH WR WKH DYDLODELOLW\ :KLFK means rather than black out the customers still get SDUWLDO HOHFWULFLW\ DV WKH\ JHW IURP WKHLU LQYHUWHUV emo ing in erters would relie e the power FRPSDQLHV IURP LQHI¿FLHQF\ DQG FDSLWDO H[SHQGLWXUH IRU FXVWRPHUV In erters uses lead acid batteries which needs replacement e ery three years causing serious HQYLURQPHQWDO LVVXHV ery customer should ha e power to cater essential ORDG VDFUL¿FLQJ GHVLUDEOH XQLWV

Conclusion Drivers For Smart Metering In India h h

amper resistant detection and recording eduction in energy pilferage

h

latten the demand for optimal utili ation and UHGXFHG ORVVHV

h

eduction in peak demand for better grid stability

h

Increase in re enue of the utility

h

0DNLQJ XVH RI ORZ SULFHV GXULQJ RII SHDN KRXUV

May 2017

REFERENCES > @ /RDG *HQHUDWLRQ %DODQFH 5HSRUW /*%5 &($ -XQH > @ $PHQGPHQWV LQ 1DWLRQDO 7DULII 3ROLF\ LQ -DQXDU\ [3] Functional Requirements of Advanced Metering Infrastructure LQ ,QGLD &($ $XJXVW [4] ISGF White Paper on AMI Roll-Out Strategy for India [5] State of the Art and Trends Review of Smart Metering in (OHFWULFLW\ *ULGV E\ 1RHOLD 8ULEH 3pUH] /XLV +HUQiQGH] David de la Vega and Itziar Angulo [6] Global Smart Grid Drivers, presentation by Mr Colin Mc .HUUDFKHU %ORRPEHUJ 6HS > @ &OLPDWH FKDQJH GULYHUV IRU D VLQJOH DQG VPDUW (8 JULG 6PDUW DQG 6HFXUH 7UDQVPLVVLRQ *ULGV WR 5HDOL]H 86 DQG (8 5HQHZDEOH (QHUJ\ 3RWHQWLDOV .HLWK %HOO 8QLYHUVLW\ RI Strathclyde, Scotland > @ 6PDUW 0HWHULQJ 7R KHOS ,QGLDQ 8WLOLWLHV DGGUHVV WKH UHYHQXH challenge, Babu S Babel, President, IEEMA > @ $SSOLFDWLRQ RI 6PDUW (QHUJ\ 0HWHU LQ ,QGLDQ (QHUJ\ &RQWH[W OSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-((( H ,661 S ,661 9ROXPH ,VVXH 9HU ,,, 0D\ ² -XQ 33 Æ&#x201C;

Anish Garg Delhi Transco Ltd, New Delhi

Shridhar Pandey Ramway Technology Co. Ltd., Ahmedabad

101

Solutions

T

raction system in transport sector has been considered as the mainstay due to its various advantageous factors like better performance, economical maintenance cost and mass group transfer. Moreover the electric traction is gaining popularity due to its clean energy transfer with no pollution and lower energy cost. But this electrical system introduces the disturbing factors like unbalance voltage, current negative sequence and harmonics in the transmission etcâ&#x20AC;Ś So to meet these issues various techniques are generally used in the system. Some among them are noted below.

1. Compensators like TCR ( Thyristor Control Reactors), VSC (Voltage Source Converter) in the system 2. Use of FACTs, SVC ( Static VAR Compensator) in the system 3. Use of different type of transformers, like Three Phase Star-Delta transformers, Three phase StarStar Transformers, Scott connected Transformers, Leblanc transformers etc..

The solutions are many but in practice the metering methodology for energy transfer recording has become the important consideration and concern for the involved utilities to extend the actual commercial transaction principle in the system. This paper has focused the practical issues and probable solutions by narrating the basic principles with mathematical analysis by drawing the necessary vector diagrams.

Traction transformers are generally rated with 132/25 KV, connected across 132KV (Phase to Phase) on the primary side and 25 KV load (Phase to Earth) on the secondary

102

side. The rating of the transformer is calculated on the basis of primary voltage available across it and current passes from this voltage to the system.

Metering Principle (OHFWULFDO HQHUJ\ LV GHĂ&#x20AC;QHG DV WKH SURGXFWV RI YROWDJH FXUUHQW DQG WLPH WDNHQ IRU WKLV DFWLYLW\ DQG GHĂ&#x20AC;QHG DV (ELECTRICAL ENERGY = VIt). The category of this energy in AC principle is realized in three ways as ACTIVE, REACTIVE AND APPARENT COMPONENT. But in practice the active energy (Watt component) is considered as the commercial transaction for the involved groups in system.

According to the supply voltage either of single phase or three phases, the recording instrument contains the units satisfying the basic principle of BLONDELS Theorem.

For the case of Traction load, the applied voltage is regarded as the â&#x20AC;&#x153;DRIVING VOLTAGEâ&#x20AC;? to which the current to the system will lead or lag, according to the type of load in the system. Metering on the primary side depends on the concepts of the connection of the load from the available voltage across the primary side.

Following different methods that used for such loading system have been discussed in this paper with relevant vector diagrams.

Type of Metering Connection The following metering methods are generally used in practice for traction loads É? :LUHV PHWHULQJ FRQQHFWLRQ

May 2017

Solutions

( 2 Wattmeter method ) É? :LUHV PHWHULQJ FRQQHFWLRQ ( 2 Wattmeter Method) É? :LUHV PHWHULQJ FRQQHFWLRQ ( 1 Wattmeter Method ) É? :LUHV PHWHULQJ FRQQHFWLRQ

$ &DVH :LWK 1RUPDO 7UDFWLRQ /RDG RQO\

2 No of current coils and 2 No of Voltage coils are the components for this metering scheme. The currents to the meter are obtained from the available line conductor CTs and voltages from the available PTs in the system. Consider the case for supply availability from the available R and Y phase of 132 KV line.

Now current to the meter shall be derived from the available CT on R phase and Y phase Conductor.

(R and B terminal) as VRB Voltage and (Y and B terminal) as VYB Voltage. 5HIHU )LJ

May 2017

( 1 Wattmeter Method ) The described connection practices are now considered for different load conditions and the actual energy recording has been analyzed by drawing the appropriate vector diagram. $QDO\VLV RQ É? :LUHV PHWHULQJ FRQQHFWLRQ :DWWPHWHU PHWKRG

For this connection, the wattmeter 1 is connected from the current coil of R phase and voltage of VRB ( VR â&#x20AC;&#x201C; VB ). The wattmeter 2 is connected from the current coil of Y Phase and voltage of VYB (VY â&#x20AC;&#x201C; VB ). The vector diagram of the connection is shown in Ă&#x20AC;J Reading of Wattmeter 1 = Voltage x Current x cos (Angle between them) = VRB . I1 . Cos ( 600 ² É?

ÂĽ

ph

(ÂĽ

ph / )

os (

Âą É&#x17D;

= 3 (Vph2 /Z ) . Cos ( 600 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; É?

0 Reading of Wattmeter 2 = VYB .I1 . Cos ( 60 É?

103

Solutions

ÂĽ

ph (ÂĽ ph / ) os ( 2 0 = 3 (Vph /Z ) . Cos ( 60 É?

É&#x17D;

ÂĽ

Total Reading = 3 (Vph2 /Z ) . { Cos ( 600 ² É? &RV 0 É? ` 9SK = &RV É?

For this condition the line capacitances or the capacitor banks that used at the load centers with respect to earth, have been considered as the additional load in the system. Now the metering scheme should be in such a way that these loads in the system should not affect the metering scheme in the network. 5HIHU )LJ

Wattmeter 1 of the metering scheme is connected from the current coil of R phase ( I1 +ICR) and voltage of VRB ( VR â&#x20AC;&#x201C; VB ). The wattmeter 2 is connected from the current coil of Yphase (I1 - ICR)

104

( ph / )

Âą É&#x17D;

os (

eading of

attmeter

ph (ÂĽ

ph / )

N I

os (

É&#x17D;

É&#x17D;

os (

Reading of Wattmeter 1=VRB .I1. Cos ( 600²É?

+ VRB .ICR . Cos 1200

% &DVH :LWK 1RUPDO /RDG DQG /LQH &DSDFLWDQFH LQ &LUFXLW

and voltage of VYB ( VY â&#x20AC;&#x201C; VB ).

of the connection is shown in Ă&#x20AC;J

The vector diagram

( ph /Z ) . Cos ( 300 É?

ÂĽ ÂĽ

ph (ÂĽ

otal

eading

( ph / )

ph / ) os( ÂĽ

Âą É&#x17D; Âą ÂĽ

ph I

( ph /Z ). {Cos (300 ²É?

os (

Âą É&#x17D; Âą ÂĽ

ph I

Reading of Wattmeter 2 = = VYB .I1 .Cos (600 É?

- VYB .(- ICY). Cos 600 ÂĽ

ph (ÂĽ ( ph / )

É&#x17D; ÂĽ

ph/ ) os ( os (

É&#x17D; ÂĽ

ph I ph I

Total Reading = 3 (Vph2 /Z ) . {Cos (600 ² É?

May 2017

Solutions

os (

É&#x17D; ` Âą ÂĽ

ph I

ÂĽ

ph I

= 3 (Vph2 = &RV É?

(Since ICR = ICY, Considering capacitance lumped across R phase and Y phase being same ).

NOTE: - For the case of unequal capacitance or any other load across the R phase with neutral and Y phase with neutral, the reading on the watt meters will be different and erroneous.

5HPDUN From the above case study it can be concluded that for usual load and equal capacitance OXPSLQJ RQ WKH DVVRFLDWHG SKDVHV WKH É? :LUHV metering connection. (2 Wattmeter Method) can be suitable. $QDO\VLV RQ É? :LUHV PHWHULQJ FRQQHFWLRQ :DWWPHWHU 0HWKRG

$ &DVH :LWK 1RUPDO 7UDFWLRQ /RDG RQO\

= 3 (Vph2 = &RV É? 5HIHU 9HFWRU )LJ

% &DVH :LWK 1RUPDO /RDG DQG /LQH &DSDFLWDQFH LQ &LUFXLW

Wattmeter 1 of the metering scheme is connected from the current coil of R phase ( I1 +ICR) and voltage of VRN. )LJ

The wattmeter 2 is connected from the current coil of Y phase ( I1 - ICR) and voltage of VYN. The vector diagram of the connection is shown in Ă&#x20AC;J 1R Reading of Wattmeter 1 = VRN .I1 . Cos ( 300 ² É? + VRN .ICR . Cos 900 ph (ÂĽ

ph / )

os ( Âą É&#x17D; Reading of Wattmeter ÂĽ ( ph / ) 2 = Voltage. Current. cos ( Angle between them) = VYN .I1 . Cos ( 300 É?

9YN .(- ICY). Cos 900 ph (ÂĽ

ph / )

Consider the case of a loading system from the available R phase and Y phase of a 132 KV line. Now current to the meter shall be derived from the available CT on R phase and Y phase Conductor. Similarly the voltage to the meter to be taken from (R terminal) as VRN Voltage and (Y terminal) as VYN Voltage. 5HIHU )LJ

+ Cos ( 300 É? `

Reading of Wattmeter 1 =VRN.I1.Cos ( 300² É?

= 3 (Vph2 = &RV É?

ph (ÂĽ

ph / )

os (

Âą É&#x17D;

Cos ( 300 É? `

May 2017

Âą É&#x17D;

os (

ÂĽ ( ph / ) otal

É&#x17D;

os (

os (

eading ÂĽ ( ph

É&#x17D;

/ )

os (

Âą É&#x17D;

NOTE: - For the case of unequal capacitance or any other load across the R phase with neutral and Y phase with neutral, the reading on the watt meters will

105

Solutions

be included in the metering principle, because each of the associated wattmeter is connected across the phase voltage.

FRQQHFWLRQ :DWWPHWHU 0HWKRG

Remark:- So for universal loading in traction principle, WKLV PHWKRG FDQ RQO\ EH WDNHQ DV WKH FRQĂ&#x20AC;UPHG PHWHULQJ method.

Wires metering connection. (1 Wattmeter Connection) and suitable for the normal load condition only. However the Voltage coil of such meter should be designed to withstand to the normal available secondary of 110 V supply.

$QDO\VLV RQ É? :LUHV PHWHULQJ FRQQHFWLRQ :DWWPHWHU 0HWKRG

127( 7KLV PHWKRG DOVR LV VLPLODU WR WKH É?

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Solution to the Metering Connections

rinciple, only one wattmeter from the available Two-watt meters will be used in current from the R phase CT ( I1 Current ) and voltage from the PT of R phase and Y phase ( VRY = VR â&#x20AC;&#x201C; VY ) 5HIHU )LJ

From the detail study analysis as discussed above, it can be concluded that for any type of loading pattern in the traction system, 3 É?, 4 WIRES METERING CONNECTION (2 WATTMETER METHOD) is the only suitable principle. So solution to the traction metering scheme is to use this method to avoid the erroneous energy recording system.

Now the reading of the Wattmeter = Voltage. Current.

Cos (Angle between them) = VRY . I1 &RV É? ÂĽ

ph (ÂĽ ph = &RV É&#x17D; = 9SK2 = &RV É? ( Ref. Fig-10)

2.4. Issues of Harmonics effect on Metering System:

% &DVH :LWK 1RUPDO /RDG DQG /LQH &DSDFLWDQFH LQ &LUFXLW

Now the reading of the Wattmeter = Voltage. Current.

Cos (Angle between them)

In power system network, harmonic currents are injected to the system due to use of nonlinear loads, which results harmonics voltage drop and non-sinusoidal supply voltage at the consumer end. This nature affects to the discipline consumers (using linear loads), they pay extra for the harmonics energy, that get added to the energy and indiscipline consumers pay less due to generation of harmonics energy that gets subtracted from the total energy. For the case of traction load, similar situation results due to the use of power converters driving the locomotive motors. For the case of large power locomotives, these generations become prominent and go beyond the limit. The prime issue for such loads to the system is of generating high harmonics and disturbs the network. In this discussion, the effects in terms of energy recording have been focused.

= VRY . I1 &RV É? 9RY . ICR . Cos 600

&DVH 6WXG\ RI 237&/ V\VWHP

For the case of lumped capacitance on R phase and Y Phase at the load end, the current through the wattmeter becomes ( I1 +ICR) . But due to non- use of Y Phase CT in the circuit, the effect of Capacitance loading across the Y phase does not come into calculation. So the reading of the Wattmeter becomes erroneous. )LJ

Similarly for the loading on the individual phase with mid-point earth, the reading becomes erroneous due to the loading across Y phase. The current drawal to the system does not come into calculation in proper manner.

= 9SK2 = &RV É?

7UDFWLRQ 0HWHULQJ 6\VWHP RI 237&/ 1HWZRUN IRU ,03257 (QHUJ\ 5HFRUGLQJ

ÂĽ 9SK ,&5 So for this condition e tra reading of (ÂĽ Vph ICR . 0.5) is recorded in the Wattmeter.

The vector diagram is shown LQ Ă&#x20AC;J NOTE: - For the case of unequal capacitance or any other load across the R phase with neutral and Y phase with neutral, the reading on the watt meters will be different and erroneous reading will be recorded by this principle.

5HPDUN So for universal loading in traction principle, WKLV PHWKRG FDQQRW EH WDNHQ DV WKH FRQĂ&#x20AC;UPHG PHWHULQJ method. $QDO\VLV RQ É? :LUHV PHWHULQJ

106

.9 0(7(5,1* 32,17

$FWLYH , LQ 08

Nuagaon

1.433733

1.433000

0.000733

JSG

5.738492

5.733000

0.005492

R.G. Pur

3.177495

3.170200

0.007295

Rambha

2.264364

2.264100

0.000264

Jnagar

6.581103

6.578000

0.003103

Narndrapur

2.486055

2.482000

0.004055

SOLARI

2.463867

2.464400

-0.000533

May 2017

$FWLYH , +DU /RVVHV +DUPRQLFV $FWLYH ,

LQ 08 LQ 08

Solutions

Choudwar

6.772297

6.772400

-0.000103

Joranda

3.257023

3.257000

0.000023

Hind

3.471067

3.466000

0.005067

Kaipadar

4.598103

4.593000

0.005103

Balasore

3.715577

3.715000

0.000577

B.Munda

1.694547

1.694000

0.000547

Bhadrak

3.563248

3.565400

-0.002152

Jakhapura

4.939953

4.934000

0.005953

Jaleswar

3.316445

3.312000

0.004445

Bansapani

3.140197

3.132100

0.008097

for imposing either penalty to harmonic producer or compensation to the harmonics absorbers.

In present system harmonic generators are metered less and harmonic absorbers pay more.

Indiscipline consumers get rewarded with burdon on the innocent, discipline and fair consumers.

6R GLVFXVVLRQ GHOLEHUDWLRQ PXVW EH Ă RDWHG VRRQ WR discourage the harmonic producers with proper penalty mechanism in terms of the high harmonic energy participation to the system and proper compensation to the groups absorbing the same and taking burdon for their equipment due to availability of harmonics in the system.

Solution to the metering system for harmonics effect.

Traction Metering System of OPTCL Network for EXPORT Energy Recording 132 KV METERING POINT Nuagaon

Active Active ( E ) Har. Losses ( E) in MU Harmonics in Active ( E ) MU in MU 0.005534 0.006100 -0.000566

JSG

0.001317

0.001000

0.000317

R.G. Pur

0.008486

0.008000

0.000486

Rambha

0.005119

0.005000

0.000119

Jnagar

0.002156

0.002000

0.000156

Narndrapur

0.004230

0.004000

0.000230

SOLARI

0.006419

0.006000

0.000419

Choudwar

0.000000

0.000000

0.000000

Joranda

0.002122

0.002000

0.000122

Hind

0.000113

0.000000

0.000113

Kaipadar

0.000120

0.000000

0.000120

Balasore

0.000842

0.001000

-0.000158

B.Munda

0.003448

0.003000

0.000448

Bhadrak

0.000673

0.000970

-0.000297

Jakhapura

0.000975

0.000980

-0.000005

Jaleswar

0.001384

0.001400

-0.000016

Bansapani

0.000989

0.001000

-0.000011

Note :1. +ve Har. Loss (I), indicates, harmonics injection to source by the load 2. -ve Har. Loss (I), indicates, harmonics injection to Load by Source.

3. +ve Har. Loss (E), indicates, harmonics injection to load by the Source.

4. -ve Har. Loss (E), indicates, harmonics injection to Source by Load.

This result data provides the recording value of loss appearance due to harmonics in the system at each metering point. The contributions of harmonic factors are due to both source and load as appeared from the results. But in practice there is no mechanism

May 2017

Presently the electronics intelligent metering schemes have been in action that distinguishes the fundamental frequency energy calculation and the total energy calculation for the decision of the supplier and consumer during commercial billing of the electrical power. So these meters with recording facility of electrical energy could be used in the network for the energy calculation.

The standards should be framed with detail technical addresses for the issues as described with proper marking of the zone and effect of harmonics in the system.

More over the appearance of the harmonics in the form of voltage and current distortion become different due to connection of the metering scheme on the system. For 3 Phase 4 wire system, phase to earth voltage and for the 3 phase 3 wire system, phase to phase voltage is appeared for the power calculation. Hence measurement of Power shall be different for the same harmonic condition.

This has been observed and also suggested to consider the connection as 3 phase 4 wire system (2 Wattmeter method) for traction load in stead of 3 phase 3 wire connection to avoid the considerable impact of harmonics for the energy recording system.

Issues of Voltage Unbalance on Metering System In practice traction loads (Transformers) are supplied from 132 KV/220 KV voltage source to the input side and draw higher current during the run of the loco on the particular section and this current cause voltage drop and unbalance in the system for the case like if 3 /4 trains, found running on the particular section. This large unbalanced situation may cause system voltage and current unbalances and, therefore, overheat rotating machines, increase system losses and cause measuring instruments to malfunction. In order to balance the load, traction substations are fed from RY phase, YB phase and BR phase at equal intervals.

The situation of unbalance loads and corresponding unbalance voltage from the available 3 phase system

107

Solutions

unbalance voltage from the available 3 phase system causes the development of voltage development on the neutral of the system. For the particular case of ,PSHQGDQFH Ă RDWLQJ QHXWUDO V\VWHP WKH YROWDJH availability for the metering system becomes abnormal and energy recording may be erroneous if so the reference earthing of the metering scheme becomes different than that of the actual system earthing.

Solution to the metering system for Unbalance Load/ Voltage.

The detail study of the load availability on the traction system have been covered under the section of metering principle and phasor diagrams are clearly indicative for the connections of metering scheme has to be of 3 phase 4 wire system (2 Wattmeter method) for traction load.

For this condition of voltage unbalance the involvement of individual phase to earth voltage availability by the XVH RI SKDVH ZLUH V\VWHP :DWWPHWHU PHWKRG

could be the solution to provide the correct metering scheme for the traction system.

ZKLOH FRQQHFWLQJ WKH PHWHULQJ FLUFXLW IRU VXFK ORDGLQJ V\VWHP SURSHU FDUH VKRXOG EH WDNHQ +RZHYHU 3 É?, 4 Wires metering method (2 Wattmeter Method) ZRXOG be the suitable principle for any type of traction loading connection.

REFERENCES: 3 . 3DWWDQDLN ´&DVH VWXGLHV RQ 7UDFWLRQ PHWHULQJ SULQFLSOHÂľ RQ (OHFWULFDO PLUURU 6HSWHPEHU LVVXH *RQ]DOR 6DQGRYDO $57(&+( ,1(/$3 6 $ GH & 9 ´3RZHU )DFWRU LQ (OHFWULFDO 3RZHU 6\VWHPV ZLWK 1RQ /LQHDU /RDGVÂľ . 9 6XVORY 1 1 6RORQLQD $ 6 6PLUQRY 5XVVLD ´6HSDUDWH measurement of fundamental and high harmonic energy at FRQVXPHU LQOHW ² D UHDO ZD\ WR LPSURYH VXSSO\ QHWZRUN YROWDJH ZDYHIRUPÂľ SUHVHQWHG LQ 0RGHUQ (OHFWULF 3RZHU 6\VWHPV :URFODZ 3RODQG 3 6DOPHUyQ 6 3 /LWUiQ 5 6 +HUUHUD - 5 9i]TXH] ´ $ 3UDFWLFDO $VVHVVPHQW RI 'LIIHUHQW $FWLYH 3RZHU )LOWHU &RQĂ&#x20AC;JXUDWLRQVÂľ 3UHVHQWHG LQ 3URFHHGLQJV RI WKH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RQIHUHQFH RQ 3RZHU (QJLQHHULQJ (QHUJ\ DQG (OHFWULFDO 'ULYHV 7RUUHPROLQRV 0iODJD 6SDLQ 0D\ Ć&#x201C;

P K Pattanaik

Conclusion

( 05 'LYQ 237&/

Traction metering principle has become an important metering method for recording the correct and suitable consumption of loads by the traction consumers. So

S K Pattanayak 6/'& ZLQJ ² 237&/

Asit Parida

1800/-

1000/1800/2400/-

108

2400/-

Rs.____________ / US $ 120 or payment advice to our Account No.11751 â&#x20AC;&#x153;Bank of Indiaâ&#x20AC;?, Worli Branch, Pankaj Mansion, Dr A.B.Road, Worli, Mumbai 400 018 is enclosed

May 2017

Technology

T

oday the information technology (IT) operations are an important aspect of most organizations around the world. In order to ensure business continuity, companies rely heavily on their IT systems. Hence, a reliable infrastructure is mandatory to minimize disruption and offer a secure environment devoid of any security breach. This critical functionality is performed by a data center which houses computing facilities like servers, URXWHUV VZLWFKHV DQG Ă&#x20AC;UHZDOOV DV ZHOO DV WKHLU VXSSRUWLQJ XWLOLWLHV OLNH 836 Ă&#x20AC;UH VXSSUHVVLRQ HTXLSPHQWV DQG DLU conditioning (Fig.1).

Need for energy metering in data centers

of how energy is used within the facility is shown in Fig.2.

The energy use can be categorized as either â&#x20AC;&#x153;demand sideâ&#x20AC;? (servers, storage, communications and other IT systems) or â&#x20AC;&#x153;supply sideâ&#x20AC;? (UPS, power distribution, cooling, lighting and building switchgear).

Once the analysis is done, the next step is to devise data center energy reduction strategies. For instance, the distinction between demand and supply power consumption is valuable because the reductions in GHPDQG VLGH HQHUJ\ FDQ FDVFDGH WKURXJK WKH VXSSO\ side; i.e, in this analysis, a 1 Watt reduction at the server components level results in an additional 1.84 Watt savings in the supply systems.

Energy Efficiency Digitization is driving the growth for data centers.

Annually, the global market for IT servicesâ&#x20AC;&#x201C; and thus the VSDFH UHTXLUHPHQWV LQ GDWD FHQWHUV ²LV JURZLQJ E\ WR SHUFHQW 7KLV LQFUHDVH ZLOO FRQWLQXH LQ WKH IXWXUH DV D UHVXOW RI H[SDQGLQJ IDFLOLW\ DXWRPDWLRQ DQG HTXLSPHQW upgrades that add new capabilities and create the need for additional servers and the space to house them. The need for larger more reliable data centers is increasing the energy demand of data centers. According to industry estimates, the power consumption in data centers amounts to about one percent of the total electricity consumption worldwide and is increasing. Thus, WKH HQHUJ\ HIĂ&#x20AC;FLHQF\ RI GDWD FHQWHUV LV RI JUHDW economic importance to their operators.

In order to prioritize the energy saving opportunities, it is important to understand in detail the data center energy consumption patterns. The energy consumption model for a W\SLFDO VTXDUH IHHW GDWD FHQWHU DQG DQDO\VLV

May 2017

Throughout the implementation of the energy reduction measures, inspections have to be done to ensure the effectiveness of the measures. In order to be able to make accurate forecasts in this respect as a basis for

Fig.1 Overview of Data Center Infrastructure

109

Technology

Fig.2 Energy Usage Analysis of Data Center Infrastructure (courtesy: Emerson)

Fig.3 Cost Center report

counteraction, appropriately sensitive measurements and documentation of such partial energy consumption are mandatory. In this way, the potential for reducing energy consumption and costs can be revealed systematically. Hence, as you say â&#x20AC;&#x153;You cannot manage unless you measureâ&#x20AC;?, metering and monitoring forms the basis on which an energy management system functions and gives analytical data for energy saving.

$GGLWLRQDOO\ WKHUH DUH &R ORFDWLRQ GDWD FHQWHUV ZKHUHLQ multiple businesses rent spaces for servers and other computing hardware in the same data center. Here, the building, cooling, electricity, data cabling and physical security are commonly provided by the data center whereas the customer sets up and manages his own IT systems. Conventional practice for internal energy ELOOLQJ LQ FR ORFDWLRQ GDWD FHQWHUV KDV EHHQ WR DOORFDWH proportional costs to customers based on the space and auxiliary facilities used. These days the trend is changing as data center customers want to be billed only on the actual energy consumption. This has brought the need to monitor energy till the point of usage.

Reporting and Cost Allocation Companies should be able to allocate energy costs to their respective originators. From the servers and communication systems to the cooling, lighting and power distribution, energy usage shall be correctly allocated to each user for internal cost allocation and billing. Earlier, internal costing was done based on proportional calculations, but not anymore. Individual meters are used to monitor each machine/ application.

This also gives greater clarity while reporting the consumption values using energy monitoring softwares.

For example, precise measurements to the machine level helps in comparing two exactly similar applications to understand if one of them is not performing up to the H[SHFWHG HIĂ&#x20AC;FLHQF\ )LJ

Fig.4 Power Consumption in a Data center

110

PUE PUE or Power Usage Effectiveness is a measure of how HIĂ&#x20AC;FLHQWO\ D FRPSXWHU GDWD FHQWHU LQIUDVWUXFWXUH XVHV HQHUJ\ 6SHFLĂ&#x20AC;FDOO\ LW LV WKH UDWLR RI WRWDO HQHUJ\ XVH WR WKDW RI LQIRUPDWLRQ WHFKQRORJ\ ,7 HTXLSPHQW )LJ

PUE =

Total DC power consumption 3RZHU &RQVXPSWLRQ RI ,7 HTXLSPHQW

PUE provides a strong guidance for, and useful insight into, WKH GHVLJQ RI HIĂ&#x20AC;FLHQW SRZHU DQG FRROLQJ DUFKLWHFWXUHV WKH GHSOR\PHQW RI HTXLSPHQW within those architectures, DQG WKH GD\ WR GD\ RSHUDWLRQ RI WKDW HTXLSPHQW 0LQLPL]LQJ PUE and ensuring that it does not increase over time has a direct impact on the electricity bill of the data center.

The number of measuring SRLQWV KDV GLUHFW VLJQLĂ&#x20AC;FDQFH RQ WKH FDOFXODWHG 38( 0RUH the number of measuring points, more accurate the PUE.

May 2017

Technology

Fig.5 Causes and effects of power quality problems in data centers

Power Quality In data centers, electricity must be supplied to all relevant electrical components around the clock with the utmost reliability. Faults or even a power outage and the resulting data loss and interruptions of operations entail incalculable economic damage for data center operators.

3RZHU TXDOLW\ HYHQWV VXFK DV UHSHDWHG YROWDJH VDJV FDQ sometimes trigger an unnecessary transfer to the backup power generation system, which is expensive, stressful, and risky. In some parts of the world, electrical utilities are legally bound to adhere to a Power Quality standard VXFK DV (1 RU ,(& +HUH WKH XWLOLW\ KDV DQ REOLJDWLRQ WR GHOLYHU SRZHU ZLWKLQ GHĂ&#x20AC;QHG SDUDPHWHUV GDWD FHQWHU RSHUDWRUV FDQ TXHVWLRQ WKH TXDOLW\ RI SRZHU being delivered if there is any deviation.

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Important Energy Metering Levels in a Data center 'DWD FHQWHUV UHTXLUH WKH XQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI KRZ HQHUJ\ LV being used and how a variety of parameters may impact system reliability. The metering used to achieve this high reliability is typically more sophisticated, detailed, and expensive. Depending on the function and data needs, a data center can be located in a small closet/ communications area, a dedicated data center room, RU RFFXS\ HQWLUH Ă RRUV ,Q HDFK RI WKHVH FDVHV SURSHU metering will afford predictive diagnostics and thus reduce potential downtime. A typical power distribution in a data center is shown in Fig.6.

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Fig.6 Power Distribution in Data Center

According to a study by the U.S. Department of Energy, to achieve the highest levels of reliability, electricity metering in data centers should be done at the following levels: h

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The necessity of the levels of measurement depends on the objectives of the metering system and the data centerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s infrastructure. For example if the objective is PUE measurement, metering is necessary at building OHYHO DQG HQG XVH OHYHO 836 3'8

Power Quality meters monitor electrical parameters such DV KDUPRQLFV YROWDJH VDJV VZHOOV LQWHUUXSWLRQV Ă LFNHU etc. in addition to measuring all the three phase power supply parameters like voltage, current, power, energy, IUHTXHQF\ SRZHU IDFWRU HWF )LJ 7KHVH PHWHUV DUH JHQHUDOO\ RI KLJKHU DFFXUDF\ &ODVV V &ODVV V DQG high sampling rate. They capture measured values in DFFRUGDQFH ZLWK WKH SRZHU TXDOLW\ VWDQGDUG ,(& /RQJ WHUP GDWD DQG HYHQWV FDQ EH DQDO\]HG GLUHFWO\ in the device and hence has high internal memory (2GB) to store the logged data. This data analysis is done in FRPSOLDQFH ZLWK (1 SRZHU TXDOLW\ VWDQGDUG DQG the results are displayed in report format directly in +70/ IRUPDW YLD LQWHJUDWHG ZHE VHUYHU WKURXJK RQERDUG ethernet port, avoiding the need for any additional software.(Fig.8.1, Fig. 8.2)

Types of metering devices Based on the functionalities and areas of application, the PHWHULQJ GHYLFHV LQ D GDWDFHQWHU FDQ EH FODVVLĂ&#x20AC;HG LQWR h

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Embedded metering in circuit breakers

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Power Quality Meters/ Recorders $V GLVFXVVHG HDUOLHU DQ LQIHULRU TXDOLW\ RI SRZHU VXSSO\ ZLOO KDYH QHJDWLYH FRQVHTXHQFHV IRU RSHUDWLQJ SURFHVVHV DQG WKH VDIHW\ RI FRQVXPHUV +HQFH LGHQWLĂ&#x20AC;FDWLRQ DQG DQDO\VLV RI SRZHU TXDOLW\ SUREOHPV LV FUXFLDO WR PDLQWDLQ superior power supply to data centers.

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Areas of application: Power Quality meters are used typically at main incoming feeders to validate the power TXDOLW\ DW WKH WUDQVIRUPHU RXWJRLQJ DQG WR GHWHFW SRZHU TXDOLW\ SUREOHPV WKDW FRXOG EH FDXVHG E\ H[WHUQDO RU LQWHUQDO UHDVRQV $GGLWLRQDOO\ WKH\ DOVR Ă&#x20AC;QG DSSOLFDWLRQ DW

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Fig.8.1 Event and waveform analysis in web browser (HTML page)

Fig.8.2 Power Quality report and analysis in web browser (HTML page)

generator outputs, UPS or some special loads suspected WR FDXVH LQWHUQDO SRZHU TXDOLW\ SUREOHPV

Multifunction Meters 0XOWLIXQFWLRQ PHWHUV PHDVXUH WKUHH SKDVH HOHFWULFDO parameters such as voltage, current, power, energy,

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They are available in different versions/ models based RQ WKH DFFXUDF\ FODVV YL] &ODVV &ODVV V DQG &ODVV V DQG DQ\ DGGLWLRQDO IHDWXUHV IXQFWLRQDOLWLHV 7+' measurement, limit violation monitoring, built in digital

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inputs/ outputs, inbuilt memory etc.). These meters are tested according to international standards like IEC

$UHDV RI DSSOLFDWLRQ 0XOWLIXQFWLRQ PHWHUV DUH HFRQRPLFDO FRPSDUHG WR SRZHU TXDOLW\ UHFRUGHUV DW WKH VDPH WLPH providing accurate supply parameter measurements.

7KH\ Ã&#x20AC;QG DSSOLFDWLRQ WKURXJKRXW PHDVXULQJ SRLQWV LQ medium and low voltage power distribution (Fig. 9).

system. This is done by multiple numbers of current sensors connected to a data manager through modular sensor bars. Here, the data manager is the brain/core of the system where the values are calculated, stored and forwarded to monitoring systems via communication interfaces. A large number of current sensors (up to 96 sensors) can be connected to a single data manager and with an onboard memory of 1GB, the data manager FDQ VWRUH GDWD IRU PRUH WKDQ D \HDU 0DQ\ D WLPHV WKH data manager has integrated web server through which monitoring, analysis and reporting can be done without WKH QHHG IRU DGGLWLRQDO PRQLWRULQJ VRIWZDUH )LJ

Fig.9 Maintenance engineer operating multifunction meter in LV switchboard

Embedded metering in relays/ circuit breakers/ UPS The metering functionality is a supplementary feature in these devices. Basic parameters like current, voltage, power, energy etc. are monitored by these devices.

A relay is a protective device used in medium voltage which trips circuit breakers in case of faults or supply YDULDQFHV /RZ YROWDJH FLUFXLW EUHDNHUV KDYH LQWHJUDWHG modular electronic trip unit which trips the circuit breaker during instances of faults. A disadvantage of embedded metering in these cases is the poor accuracy (Class 2) since the primary functionality of the device is not metering.

Fig.10 Multichannel Current Measuring System

$UHDV RI $SSOLFDWLRQ 7KLV VROXWLRQ Ã&#x20AC;QGV DSSOLFDWLRQ PDMRUO\ DW VXE GLVWULEXWLRQ OHYHO )LJ 3RZHU Distribution Units (PDUs) are used to supply power to the UDFNV RI FRPSXWHUV VHUYHUV DQG QHWZRUNLQJ HTXLSPHQWV

Areas of application: Embedded metering is used WR UHSODFH PXOWLIXQFWLRQ PHWHUV DV D FRVW HIIHFWLYH alternative. The measured parameters are also basic, DQG WKH VROXWLRQ GRHV QRW JLYH PXFK SRZHU TXDOLW\ GDWD This solution is not recommended if precise energy monitoring and archiving is the objective.

Branch Circuit Monitoring Devices %UDQFK FLUFXLW PRQLWRULQJ GHYLFHV 0XOWLFKDQQHO measuring systems are characterized by their modularity and larger number of measuring points. These devices measure only basic parameters like current, voltage, energy etc. Branch circuit monitoring devices typically GRQ·W PHDVXUH SRZHU TXDOLW\ SDUDPHWHUV DV WKHLU EDVLF functionality is only energy monitoring.

The construction of branch circuit monitoring devices is GLIIHUHQW IURP SRZHU TXDOLW\ PXOWLIXQFWLRQ PHWHUV 8QOLNH multifunction meters wherein a single meter is intended for measurement in a single feeder, branch circuit devices measure multiple power feeders using a single

114

Fig.11 PDU used in a data center

May 2017

Technology

Fig.12 Dashboard view with KPIs

located in a datacenter. PDUs have large number of MCBs to distribute power to the racks (Fig.11).Monitoring the energy consumption upto circuit level is extremely important for maintaining 100% uptime in mission critical datacenters. Moreover, datacenter customers demand to be billed only for the energy they use instead of a general energy charge per section of assigned space.

Power Monitoring Software Data becomes â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;informationâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; when it is put in a format that is easily understood by the user. This information helps in identifying the disparities among higher- and lower-performing systems/ processes in the data center and thereby enables the user to take necessary and realistic corrective actions. Power monitoring softwares reliably and precisely process and monitor the measured data from the measuring devices. This helps in avoiding critical states in the power supply and preventing system outages.

Power monitoring softwares shall have customizable graphical interface for easy visualization of the measured values. Data evaluation with dashboard view and KPI (Key Performance Indicator) values (e.g. â&#x20AC;&#x153;kWh/rackâ&#x20AC;? or â&#x20AC;&#x153;kWh/m²) provides a quick overview of the important performance parameters (Fig.12). Additionally, a powerful reporting interface can help users generate different types of reports like cost center reports, energy analysis reports etc.

Conclusion

the resulting data losses and operational interruptions will cause substantial economic losses for a data centre operator.

Metering systems form the base to monitor, improve and WUDFN WKH SHUIRUPDQFH RI GDWD FHQWHU HQHUJ\ HIĂ&#x20AC;FLHQF\ 7KH selection of the metering equipments shall be determined by the objectives from the system, the functionalities required and the physical infrastructure available in order to establish an optimally designed system with long-term returns. These metering equipments together with a power monitoring software help in improving the transparency of energy consumption and energy quality in data centers as well as on ensuring the availability of power distribution. The information obtained through this transparency provides a realistic basis for cost centre allocations as well as for measures WR LPSURYH WKH HQHUJ\ HIĂ&#x20AC;FLHQF\ REFERENCES 1. Application Models for power distribution: Data CentersSiemens AG 2. Metering Best Practices: A Guide to Achieving Utility 5HVRXUFH (IĂ&#x20AC;FLHQF\ 5HOHDVH 8 6 'HSDUWPHQW RI (QHUJ\ ,QQRYDWLYH 3RZHU 'LVWULEXWLRQ LQ 'DWD &HQWHUV &RQFHSW IRU SURĂ&#x20AC;WDEOH DQG VDIH SRZHU GLVWULEXWLRQ 6LHPHQV $* Ć&#x201C;

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Electric power supply is the prerequisite of all Data center operations. Malfunctions or even a power blackout and

May 2017

Pre-Sales & Technical Support, Low Voltage Switchgear, Siemens Ltd.

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NATIONALNEWS BHEL commissions 2 units at Maharashtra thermal power project 6WDWH UXQ SRZHU HTXLSPHQW PDNHU %+(/ VDLG LW KDV FRPPLVVLRQHG WZR XQLWV RI PHJDZDWW 0: WKHUPDO SRZHU SURMHFW LQ 0DKDUDVKWUD ´%KDUDW +HDY\ (OHFWULFDOV /WG %+(/ KDV VXFFHVVIXOO\ FRPPLVVLRQHG WZR XQLWV RI 0: DW 5DWWDQ,QGLD 1DVLN 3RZHU /WG·V ï 0: WKHUPDO SRZHU SURMHFW ORFDWHG DW 6LQQDU LQ 1DVLN 'LVWULFW RI 0DKDUDVKWUD µ WKH FRPSDQ\ VDLG LQ D %6( ÀOLQJ ,W IXUWKHU VDLG ´:LWK WKH FRPPLVVLRQLQJ RI WKHVH XQLWV %+(/ KDV FRPPLVVLRQHG HLJKW VHWV IRU 5DWWDQ,QGLD LQ 0DKDUDVKWUD ² VHWV DW 1DVLN DQG VHWV DW $PUDYDWL ,Q DGGLWLRQ WZR PRUH 0: XQLWV DUH SUHVHQWO\ LQ DGYDQFHG VWDJHV RI FRPSOHWLRQ DW 1DVLNµ 6KDUHV RI %+(/ ZHUH WUDGLQJ SHU FHQW ORZHU DW 5V RQ %6(

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Rays Power Infra successfully commissions 78 MWp Solar PV project in Uttarakhand 5D\V 3RZHU ,QIUD 3YW /WG ,QGLD·V OHDGLQJ 6RODU (QHUJ\ &RPSDQ\ DQQRXQFHV WKH VXFFHVVIXO FRPPLVVLRQLQJ RI LWV 0:S VRODU 39 SURMHFWV LQ 7HKVLO %KDJZDQSXU LQ WKH 5RRUNHH 'LVWULFW RI 8WWDUDNKDQG 7KH SURMHFW H[HFXWLRQ ZRUN VWDUWHG LQ WKH ODVW ZHHN RI 1RYHPEHU DQG ZDV H[HFXWHG E\ 5D\V 3RZHU ,QIUD RQ WXUQNH\ EDVLV ² IURP ODQG DFTXLVLWLRQ WR FRPPLVVLRQLQJ 7KH 0:S SURMHFW FRPHV XQGHU Uttarakhand Renewable Energy Development Agency’s (UREDA) FRPSHWLWLYH ELGGLQJ IRU ,W ZLOO VXSSO\ HQHUJ\ WR WKH SRZHU KXQJU\ LQGXVWULDO DUHDV RI %KDJZDQSXU DQG 5RRUNHH 0RUHRYHU WKLV SURMHFW LV RQH RI WKH VXSHULRU SURMHFWV ZKHUH ORFDO IDUPHUV KDYH EHHQ PDGH VWDNHKROGHUV E\ JLYLQJ WKHP D VRXUFH RI OLYHOLKRRG ,QVWHDG RI IRUFLQJ IDUPHUV WR VHOO WKHLU ODQG 5D\V 3RZHU ,QIUD KDV GHYLVHG D XQLTXH PRGHO ZKHUH IDUPHUV FDQ DOVR EHFRPH D SDUW RI WKH SURMHFW 0RUH WKDQ IDUPHUV ZLOO DFTXLUH GLUHFW DQG LQGLUHFW EHQHÀWV IURP WKLV SURMHFW E\ UHFHLYLQJ D FRQVWDQW PRQWKO\ VRXUFH RI LQFRPH IRU PRUH WKDQ \HDUV &RPPHQWLQJ RQ WKH PLOHVWRQH Ketan Mehta, CEO, Rays Power Infra VDLG ´$IWHU JUDGXDWLQJ IURP ,,7 5RRUNHH LQ LW ZDV P\ YLVLRQ WR GHYHORS DQG FRQVWUXFW WKH ODUJHVW VRODU SURMHFW LQ WKH VWDWH RI 8WWDUDNKDQG WKH ODUJHVW LQ WKH VWDWH VR IDU :H KDYH DFKLHYHG WKLV VXFFHVVIXOO\ DGGLQJ DQRWKHU UHPDUNDEOH PLOHVWRQH WR 5D\V· OLVW RI H[HFXWHG SURMHFWV µ &XUUHQWO\ ZH KDYH D PDUNHW VKDUH RXW RI WRWDO QXPEHU RI VRODU SURMHFWV LQ WKH VWDWH RI 8WWDUDNKDQG ZKLFK ZH ZLOO LQFUHDVH WR DERYH E\ HQG RI FXUUHQW ÀQDQFLDO \HDU :H KDYH UHFHLYHG H[FHOOHQW VXSSRUW IURP WKH (QHUJ\ GHSDUWPHQW RI WKH VWDWH DQG WKH VXFFHVV RI WKH SURMHFW LV RZHG WR WKHP KH DGGHG .XQZDU 5DMHHY 6LQJK &KLHI 2SHUDWLQJ 2IÀFHU 5D\V Power Infra VDLG ´:H KDYH FUHDWHG D ODQG EDQN RI PRUH WKDQ DFUHV ZKHUH ZH FDQ LPSOHPHQW PRUH WKDQ 0: DQG VLQJOH KDQGHGO\ DFFRPSOLVKHG 532 RI WKH VWDWH IRU WKH QH[W ÀYH \HDUV 7KLV SURMHFW LV D PLQRU FRQWULEXWLRQ WR WKH VWDWH DQG WR WKH QDWLRQ IRU D JUHHQHU DQG EULJKWHU WRPRUURZµ

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CORPORATENEWS Government electrifies over 13,000 villages out of 18,452 The government has managed to cross another milestone by electrifying over 13,000 villages so far out of the 18,452 XQHOHFWULÀHG RQHV ´7KH 0LQLVWU\ RI 3RZHU KDV DFKLHYHG a remarkable milestone of electrifying more than 13,000 YLOODJHV RXW RI WKH XQHOHFWULÀHG YLOODJHV µ WKH 5XUDO (OHFWULÀFDWLRQ &RUSRUDWLRQ VDLG LQ D VWDWHPHQW $FFRUGLQJ WR WKH VWDWHPHQW DV RQ $SULO D WRWDO RI YLOODJHV KDYH EHHQ HOHFWULÀHG XQGHU WKH 'HHQ 'D\DO 8SDGK\D\ *UDP -\RWL <RMQD ''8*-< 7KH JRDO LV WR OLJKW XS WKH EDODQFH YLOODJHV E\ 0D\ 7KH 5(& LV WKH QRGDO DJHQF\ IRU LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI ''8*-< $FFRUGLQJ WR *DUY SRUWDO RQ UXUDO HOHFWULÀFDWLRQ WKHUH DUH XQLQKDELWHG YLOODJHV ,Q DGGLWLRQ WR VWUHQJWKHQLQJ and augmentation of sub-transmission and distribution 67 ' LQIUDVWUXFWXUH LQ UXUDO DUHDV LQFOXGLQJ PHWHULQJ at distribution transformers, feeders and consumers also IDOO XQGHU WKLV VFKHPH LW DGGHG

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SMETalks

IEEMA receives BMO Accreditation Certificate Diamond Grade

EEMA is receiving BMO $FFUHGLWDWLRQ &HUWLĂ&#x20AC;FDWH ´'LDPRQG Gradeâ&#x20AC;? from Shri Kalraj Mishra, Honâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ble Union Minister, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) ,((0$ KDV EHHQ DFKLHYHG ´ 'LDPRQG *UDGH Âľ DW ´1DWLRQDO OHYHOÂľ WKURXJK 1DWLRQDO 6FKHPH IRU %02 Accreditation of Quality Council of India (QCI). This Accreditation standard is aligned to International Best Practices and developed in collaboration with Ministry of MSME, SIDBI, & GIZ German Development Corporation.

The Standard helps BMOs with a framework to plan, establish, operate, monitor and improve services. BMO grading based upon four Parameters - Governance, Operations, Services and Performance Measurement & Reviews. There were 3 levels for Grading BMOs â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Silver, Gold and Diamond. This recognition showcase our Association amongst

126

the Association leaders in the FRXQWU\ ,((0$ FDQ XVH 1$%(7 %02 accreditation logo for all branding.

In order to bring greater transparency in the functioning of BMOs, while ensuring standard of quality and performance, â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Voluntary Accreditation of BMOsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; is being introduced to ensure minimum standards governance, operations, quality and performance amongst WKHP 1$%(7 4&, ZLWK VXSSRUW from the MSME umbrella programme MRLQWO\ LPSOHPHQWHG E\ WKH RIĂ&#x20AC;FH RI DC MSME, Ministry of MSME, SIDBI and GIZ) has developed accreditation criteria for BMOs in India aligned to international best practices.

BMOs or the industry associations have the potential to play a key role in aggregating the need and demand of micro and small units and help their members in overcoming several challenges faced by MSMEs whether in accessing factors of production like Ă&#x20AC;QDQFH PDWHULDO KXPDQ UHVRXUFH

or technology or in accessing markets and public or private support services. They are also an important intermediary for cost effective outreach to MSME for all stakeholders including government.

Accreditation system will follow a graded approach for recognition and BMOs will be accredited under three types â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Diamond, Gold and Silver bases upon the performance of the BMO.

Benefits of Accreditation Public announcement from QCI about the superior quality adhering to standards and quality; the process will help various government ministries (particularly the Ministry of MSME) to identify and select better performing BMOs for incentivizing, in a rational and unambiguous manner; it will help in leveraging funds from national and international agencies etc.Ć&#x201C;

May 2016

leading electrical and electronics monthly

PLUG INTO THE RIGHT CONNECTION ADVERTISEMENT TARIFF W.E.F.1ST APRIL 2016 the leading electrical & electronics monthly

VOLUME 7 z ISSUE NO. 5 z JANUARY 2016 z PGS. 126

ISSN 0970-2946 z Rs. 100/-

Cover Story Electrical Equipment Industry - Half Yearly Industry Review - FY15-16

IEEMA Journal is the leading electrical and electronics monthly and DQ RIÃ&#x20AC;FLDO RUJDQ RI ,QGLDQ Electrical & Electronics Manufacturersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Association (IEEMA).

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Special Features T&D Conclave 2015 SWICON-2015

SME Talk Mr Hartek Singh Hartek Power Private Ltd

The countdown begins...

13-17 February, 2016, Bengaluru, India

CH ce TE feren ers RO Con rrest EP onal e A 16 RG rnati Surg il 20 Delhi SU Inte ls on th Apr New

a n, 5 nd 11 co tori & 29 idie Se m Tu 28th Mer No. ge Le cu Pa

IEEMA Journal is the publication registered with Registrar of Newspapers

for India (RNI).

IEEMA Journal is member of the Indian Newspaper Society (INS) whose circulation is audited by Audit Bureau of Circulations (ABC).

IEEMA Journal covers original techno-commercial articles, interviews, international, national and corporate news, statistics, product showcase, FRXQWU\ SURÃ&#x20AC;OH VHPLQDUV H[KLELWLRQV DQG VHUYLFHV Since its inception in the year 1981, this Journal is published and posted on its scheduled dates. At present 10,300 copies of this journal are posted on 1st working day of every month. It is the only trade journal in India that enjoys readership of around 1,00,000.

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In India, it is circulated to Ministries of Power, Finance, Commerce, Defense, Railway, Information Technology; Utilities like NTPC, NHPC, DVC, PGCIL, etc, all State Electricity Boards, Engineering Colleges, Research Institutes, Foreign Missions in India, Indian embassies in overseas countries etc.

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PowerStatistics

Global Renewable Energy – Wind (MW) Cumulative installed wind turbine capacity (MW)

Change

2015

Megawatts US

2010 40274

2015 74740

2015 over 2014 13.0%

Canada Mexico Total North America Argentina

4011 769

11190 3224

15.6% 28.4%

2.6% 0.7%

45054

89154

13.8%

20.5%

33

303

2.7%

0.1%

Brazil

931

8715

46.2%

2.0%

Costa Rica Other S. & Cent.

America Total S. & Cent.

America Austria Belgium Bulgaria

179

369

23.4%

0.1%

463

3662

28.9%

0.8%

1606

13049

38.9%

3.0%

1013 955 488

2395 2230 660

15.6% 13.8% 0.0%

0.6% 0.5% 0.2%

Denmark

3805

4932

3.2%

1.1%

Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Spain Sweden Turkey

169 5940 27092 1323 323 1449 5814 2241 411 1231 3837 470 19715 2141 1320

984 10269 45018 2152 357 2546 9126 3422 859 5150 4815 2985 23025 6126 4503

61.1% 10.0% 14.9% 8.7% 0.0% 9.6% 4.9% 19.0% 2.2% 32.6% 2.8% 0.8% 0.0% 10.9% 24.1%

0.2% 2.4% 10.4% 0.5% 0.1% 0.6% 2.1% 0.8% 0.2% 1.2% 1.1% 0.7% 5.3% 1.4% 1.0%

United Kingdom

5401

14191

9.3%

3.3%

North America S. & Cent. America 63766, Europe & Eurasia 32% East Middle Africa Asia PacŝĮc

2010 45054 45054,1606 23% 86023 101 1113 63766

86023, 43%

Cumulative installed wind turbine capacity (MW)

share of total 17.2%

2010

Other Europe & Eurasia Total Europe & Eurasia

2015 over

share

2337

12.4%

0.5%

86023

148082

10.1%

34.1%

131

0.0%

0.0%

143

450.0%

0.0%

274

74.5%

0.1%

694 324 795

0.0% 89.5% 0.0%

0.2% 0.1% 0.2%

1053

84.7%

0.2%

305 343 3514 4436 145109 25088 3084

0.0% 0.0% 22.1% 9.4% 26.6% 11.7% 8.6%

0.1% 0.1% 0.8% 1.0% 33.4% 5.8% 0.7%

690

1.0%

0.2%

256 216

0.0% 0.0%

0.1% 0.0%

778

40.7%

0.2%

647 223

2.2% 0.0%

0.1% 0.1%

123

0.0%

0.0%

180650

23.2%

41.6%

434722

16.9%

100.0%

197663

2015 89154, 89154 North America 180650, S. & Cent. America 20% 13049 42% & Eurasia Europe 148082 Middle East 274 Africa 3514 148082, Asia PacŝĮc 180650

34%

Source: BP

128

2015

885

Iran 90 Other 11 Middle East Total Middle 101 East Egypt 552 Ethiopia 0 Morocco 263 South 10 Africa Tunisia 247 Other Africa 41 Total Africa 1113 Australia 2084 China 44781 India 13065 Japan 2429 New 495 Zealand Pakistan 0 Philippines 0 South 342 Korea Taiwan 476 Thailand 1 Other Asia 93 3DFLÀF Total Asia 63766 3DFLÀF Total World

Change

May 2017

2015 13049, 3%

PowerStatistics

Sanction Project Details Gen Private Sector 2015-16 Generation Private Projects Sanctioned in FY 2015-2016 by REC Promoter

Capacity (MW)

Category

Project Cost / COR (Rs. Cr.)

REC Loan (Rs. Cr.)

India Power Corporation Limited (IPCL)

450

ThermalCoal

650.7

261.12

Additional Loan- 2X660 MW Coal based Thermal Power Project at Painapuram village, Nellore District in Andhra Pradesh

NCC Power Projects Limited (NCCPPL)

1320

ThermalCoal

2707.74

714.73

3

Additional Loan- 2X300 MW Coal Based Thermal Power Plant at Nawapara, Bhengari and Kantangdih Village, District Raigarh, Chhattisgarh

TRN Energy Ltd

600

ThermalCoal

282.85

99.44

4

Additional Loan- 1X150 MW (PhaseI) Captive Thermal Power Project in Nagapattinam district in Tamil Nadu

Nagai Power Pvt. Limited

300

ThermalCoal

311.38

130.97

5

Additional Loan- 1X600 MW Coal based Thermal Power Project in Seoni district of Madhya Pradesh

Jhabua Power Limited

600

ThermalCoal

417

79.00

6

Additional Loan- 1200 MW Teesta Phase-III Hydro Electric Project in Sikkim

Teesta Urja Stage3 HY. ELE. Project

1200

Hydro

2801

194.85

7

Additional loan- 2x67.5MW Coal based captive Thermal Power Plant at Anantapur Village Cuttack Dictrict, Odisha

Bhubaneshwar Power Private Limited (BPPL)

135

ThermalCoal

159

37.25

8

Additional Loan- 4x82.5 MW Shrinagar HEP in Uttarakhand (Cost Overrun)

Alaknanda Hydro Power Company Ltd.

330

Hydro

210.4

24.86

9

Additional Loan- 2X150 MW TPP at Bhadreshwar, Gujarat

OPGS Power Gujarat Pvt. Ltd

300

ThermalCoal

142.51

71.25

10

Additional Loan- 1x360 MW TPP at Uchchpinda Village at janjgir Champa District Chattisgarh (Phase I)

RKM Powergen Pvt. Ltd.

360

ThermalPower

249.17

52.00

11

Additional Loan- 3X360 MW Coal based TPP of M/s RKM Powergen Pvt. Ltd. (Phase II)

RKM Powergen Pvt. Ltd.

1080

ThermalPower

1158.01

136.40

12

Additional Loan- 2 x 48 MW Jorethang Loop Project

M/s Dans Energy Limited

96

Hydro

326.15

38.31

S .

No.

Name of the Project

1

Additional Loan- 3x 150 MW Coal based TPP at Haldia in Purbamedinipur District of West Bengal

2

RENEWABLE GENERATION PROJECTS - ANNUAL SANCTIONS As on 31.03.2016 (Rs. in Cr.) Wind

Small Hydro

Solar PV

No. of Projects

2

0

6

0

0

8

Amount (Rs. in Cr.)

96.89

0

451.03

0

0

547.92

No. of Projects

1

0

9

0

1

11

Amount (Rs. in Cr.)

86.63

0

2852.17

0

26. 92

2965.72

Particulars

Solar Biomass Thermal

Total

2014-15

2015-16

Source: REC

May 2017

129

IEEMADatabase

BASIC PRICES AND INDEX NUMBERS Unit

as on 01.2.17

IRON, STEEL & STEEL PRODUCTS

OTHER RAW MATERIALS

BLOOMS(SBL) 150mmX150mm

`/MT

29,382.00

BILLETS(SBI) 100MM

`/MT

29,195.00

CRNGO Electrical Steel Sheets M-45, C-6 (Ex-Rsp)

`/MT

55,500.00

CRGO ELECTRICAL STEEL SHEETS a) For Transformers of rating up to 10MVA and voltage up to 33 KV b) For Transformers of rating above 10MVA or voltage above 33 KV

`/MT

`/MT

as on 01.2.17

Unit

Epoxy Resin CT - 5900

`/Kg

440.00

Phenolic Moulding Powder

`/Kg

91.00

PVC Compound - Grade CW - 22

`/MT

132,000.00

PVC Compound Grade HR - 11

`/MT

133,000.00

`/KLitre

55,805.00

Transformer Oil Base Stock (TOBS)

214,750.00

OTHER IEEMA INDEX NUMBERS 226.05

269,500.00

IN-BUSDUCTS (Base June 2000=100) for the month December 2016 IN - BTR - CHRG (Base June 2000=100)

310.53

NON-FERROUS METALS Electrolytic High Grade Zinc

`/MT

218,600.00

IN - WT (Base June 2000=100

230.48

Lead (99.97%)

`/MT

190,400.00

IN-INSLR (Base: Jan 2003 = 100)

234.83

Copper Wire Bars

`/MT

426,989.00

Copper Wire Rods

`/MT

440,549.00

Aluminium Ingots - EC Grade (IS 4026-1987)

`/MT

141,637.00

Aluminuium Properzi Rods EC Grade (IS5484 1978)

`/MT

147,593.00

Aluminium Busbar (IS 5082 1998)

`/MT

203,800.00

Wholesale price index number for â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Ferrous Metals (Base 2004-05 = 100) for the month December 2016 Wholesale price index number forâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Fuel & Power (Base 2004-05 = 100) for the month December 2016 All India Average Consumer Price Index Number for Industrial Workers (Base 2001=100) December 2016

145.50

192.10

275.00

# Estimated, NA: Not available 210000

Aluminium Busbar (IS 5082 1998) Rs./MT

205000

195000 190000

(Rs./M

200000

185000 180000

March 2015 - February 2017

175000 02-17 01-17 12-16 11-16 10-16 09-16 08-16 07-16 06-16 05-16 04-16 03-16 02-16 01-16 12-15 11-15 10-15 `09-15 `08-15 `07-15 `06-15 `05-15 `04-15 `03-15

The basic prices and indices are calculated on the basis of raw material prices, exclusive of excise/C.V. GXW\ ZKHUHYHU PDQXIDFWXUHV DUH HOLJLEOH WR REWDLQ 02'9$7 EHQHÃ&#x20AC;W These basic prices and indices are for operation of IEEMAâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Price Variation Clauses for various products. %DVLF 3ULFH 9DULDWLRQ &ODXVHV H[SODQDWLRQ RI QRPHQFODWXUH FDQ EH REWDLQHG IURP ,((0$ RIÃ&#x20AC;FH Every care has been taken to ensure correctness of reported prices and indices. However, no responsibility is assured for correctness. Authenticated prices and indices are separately circulated

by IEEMA every month. We recommend using authenticated prices and indices only for claiming price variation.

130

May 2017

IEEMADatabase

9000

H.T. Circuit Breakers 8000

Nos

7000

6000

5000

May 13 to Jan 117

4000 4

6

8

10 12

2

4

6

8

10 12

2

4

6

8

10 12

2

4

6

8

10 12

Production Name of Product

Accounting Unit

For the Month Jan 2017

From Feb 16 to Highest Annual

Jan 17

Production

Electric Motors* AC Motors - LT

000' KW

892

10629

11580

AC Motors - HT

000' KW

318

3210

5091

DC Motors

000' KW

30

411

618

000' KVA

853

11502

11261

Contactors

000' Nos.

869

9591

8527

Motor Starters

000' Nos.

179

1924

1909

Nos.

56346

680678

947878

000' Poles

12471

158152

136979

Circuit Breakers - LT

Nos.

219507

2639458

1932964

Circuit Breakers - HT

Nos.

6063

70627

72156

Custom-Build Products

Rs. Lakhs

11263

188821

265267

HRC Fuses & Overload Relays

000' Nos.

1194

14280

16875

KM

45049

554827

507486

000' KVAR

3350

47690

53417

Distribution Transformers

000' KVA

3336

42812

46761

Power Transformers

000' KVA

15794

187908

178782

000' Nos.

60

625

705

7784

107495

114488

000' Nos.

2225

25546

29317

000' MT

92

1049

1250

AC Generators Switchgears*

Switch Fuse & Fuse Switch Units Miniature Circuit Breakers

Power Cables* Power Capacitors - LT & HT* Transformers

Instrument Transformers Current Transformers Voltage Transformers Energy Meters* Transmission Line Towers*

Nos

* Weighted Production IEEMA Database

May 2017

131

ERDANews

Smart Meters under Evaluation

ERDAâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s State-of-Art Facilities for Smart Energy Meters: A Profile ERDAâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s State-of-the-Art Energy Meters Evaluation laboratory has been providing crucial energy meter reliability assessment services to the nation, for more than two decades. We are one of laboratory accreditated by NABL & BIS for Smart Meters. Services are provided under ERDAâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s three business verticals of ´7HVWLQJ (YDOXDWLRQÂľ ´)LHOG 6HUYLFHVÂľ ´5 ' DQG Expert Servicesâ&#x20AC;? as per following details:

Major Services for Energy Meters including Smart Meters Testing and Evaluation (NABL Accredited) Complete type test facilities for testing of energy meters and transducers as per Indian and International Standards, as per following details: AC Induction Watt-Hour Meters, Class 0.5, 1 & 2

IS:13010, IEC:6205211, IEC:62053-11

AC Static Watt-Hour Meters Class 1 & 2

IS:13779:1999 IEC:62052-11 IEC:62053-21

AC Static CT operated Electrical Energy Meters (Trivector Meters)

IS:14697:1999

Six Position Automated Test Bench for Energy Meters for 200 Amperes

132

AC Static Watt-Hour Meters Class 0.5 & 0.2 for Active Energy

IEC:62052-11 IEC:62053-22

AC Static Meters for Reactive Energy Class 2&3

IEC:62053-23

Manual on Standardization

CBIP Publication No. 325

Durability & Accelerated Reliability Testing of Energy Meters

IEC:62059-32-1, PSEN 62059-32-1

Data Exchange for Electricity Meter Reading, Tariff and Load Control

IS:15959:2011

AC Direct connected Static Prepayment Meters for Active Energy, Class-1 & 2

IS:15884:2010, IEC:62055-31

AC Static Direct Connected Watthour Smart Meter, Class-1 & 2

IS:16444:2015

Electricity Meters

NMI M 6-1:2012 (Australian Government)

X

Evaluation of smart meters; Â&#x2021; &RPPXQLFDWLRQ 3URWRFRO 9HULĂ&#x20AC;FDWLRQ DV SHU ,6 15959 using CTT 3.0 standard edition from DLMS User Association and Meter Explorer software tool Â&#x2021; 6PDUW 0HWHU WHVWLQJ IDFLOLW\ ,6 %,6 1$%/ approved) Â&#x2021; 3UHSD\PHQW (QHUJ\ 0HWHU (YDOXDWLRQ )DFLOLW\ (NABL Accredited & BIS Approved) Â&#x2021; /RDG 6ZLWFK WHVW IRU 8WLOL]DWLRQ FDWHJRULHV 8& UC2 and UC3

(QHUJ\ 0HWHU &RPSRQHQWV 7HUPLQDOV *DVNHWV )UDPH Wires/Laminations, etc.)

Three Position 0.01 Class Reference Standard Energy Meter

Shock Test Apparatus

May 2017

ERDANews

DLMS Test Setup

Immunity test to Electromagnetic HF Field in 10 m Semi Anechoic Chambers

Calibration of 0.02 class reference energy meters using 0.01 class reference energy meter Special and tamper tests according to requirements of utilities Short time overcurrent tests up to 10kA for half cycle as well 0.5 sec.

Filed Services X

Independent third party inspection agency for disputed energy meters (Approved independent third party inspection agency for Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission (GERC), RERC, MPERC, DERC, CSERC, and JSERC)

X

Calibration of energy meters at site/mobile laboratory using 0.02 class reference meter

Expert Services and R&D X

X

&RQVXOWDQF\ IRU GHVLJQ PRGLĂ&#x20AC;FDWLRQ RI &7 37V DQG Energy Meters for meeting EMI/EMC compliance requirements Evaluation of energy meters as per the requirements of electricity boards and meter ranking according to various quality measures

Rajib Chattopadhyay Head BD & CRM Phone (D): 0265-3021505, Mobile: 9978940954 E-mail: rajib.chattopadhyay@erda.org

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Controlling Energy.

1 2 3

Connection and fastening systems Transient and lightning protection systems Cable tray systems

www.oboindia.com

134

4 5

Fire protection systems Cable routing systems

6 7

Device systems UnderďŹ&#x201A;oor systems

OBO Bettermann India Customer Service Tel.: +91 44 7103 3900 ¡ info@oboindia.com

May 2017

R. N. I. No. MAHENG/2009/29760 Published and Posted on 1st of every month at Mumbai Patrika Channel Sorting Office, Mumbai 400 001.

License to post without prepayment WPP Licence No. MR/Tech/WPP-199/West/2017 Postal Regd. No. MCW/120/2015-2017

136