The Indiana Daily Student Magazine | Volume 9, Issue 2 | Winter 2014
THE MAJOR GAP Their majors are dominated by another gender. What it means for their future -- and ours.
ALSO: Where should you study for finals, p. 6 What the web knows about you, p. 8
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VOLUME 9, ISSUE 2 | TABLE OF CONTENTS | WINTER 2014
Inside this INSIDE COVER STORY
EDITOR’S NOTE Half-way done. Remind yourself of that when things get hard.You made it through half an entire year without turning into a caffeinated shade of who you once were. Now that the days are shorter and the study hours longer, we at INSIDE realized we needed a refresher course on surviving and thriving, too. That’s why we gathered tips on defeating SAD, creating an indoor fitness regimen, and celebrating any holiday on a budget. But sometimes, there’s nothing better than a good story to distract the mind. Our features this issue won’t disappoint. Whether you are halfway through your first year, or half-way through your last, congratulations. It’s never easy. Here’s to spring!
12 Jessie Pusateri is a computer science major—one of only 46 women in the program at IU. DEPARTMENTS
FEATURES
KNOW IT ALL
THE WILD WILD WEB
2
8
Winter blues aren’t a figment of the imagination. We asked an expert how to defeat them.
CONFESSIONS
4
Could you give up your shampoo for a week or more? Our editor did.
Big data is here. The internet and our devices know much more than you think.
HIGH FLIER
18
He flies (and crashes) planes for a hobby. The photos will stun you.
TIP JAR
7
The holidays wreak havoc on a college budget. Our creative saving tips.
KATHRYN MOODY — EDITOR-IN-CHIEF COVER PHOTO BY ASHLEY SPESARD December 2, 2014 Vol. 9, Issue 2 www.idsnews.com/inside Inside magazine, the newest enterprise of the Office of Student Media, Indiana University at Bloomington, is published twice an academic semester: October and November, and February and April. Inside magazine operates as a self-supporting enterprise within the broader scope of the Indiana Daily Student. Inside magazine operates as a designated public forum, and reader comments and contribution are welcome. Normally, the Inside magazine editor will be responsible for final content decisions, with the IDS editor-in-chief involved in rare instances. All editorial and advertising content is subject to our policies, rates, and procedures. Readers are entitled to a single copy of this magazine. The taking of multiple copies of this publication may constitute as theft of property and is subject to prosecution.
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IDSNEWS.COM/INSIDE • INSIDE MAGAZINE 1
K N O W
I T
A L L
Staying away from SAD BY ALEXA TUPPER
As the weather turns colder and the days get longer, Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) strikes. A subset of major depression, SAD brings symptoms like increased irritation, lethargy, withdrawal, oversleeping, and fluctuating appetite with resulting weight gain. Nancy Stockton, Ph.D. and director of Counseling and Psychological Services at IU offers simple solutions to overcoming SAD and the winter blues.
STRUCTURE YOUR TIME Stockton recommends students fill their spare time with activities that will take their mind off the stress of impending finals and dropping temperatures. “Get out and engage in exercise, activities, and don’t hole up in your room!” she says. Finding a schedule and sticking to it will give you something to do so you won’t have time to think about the bad weather.
EMBRACE THE CHILL Despite having to trudge through snow and slush, winter does have its perks. “Try and embrace the pleasant things about weather—winter sports, sledding, and hot chocolate,” Stockton says. Some students have been known to grab a tray from the dining hall and sled down a slope, but if breaking the rules isn’t your thing, check out one of IU’s many winter sports clubs for a great way to meet people and get out of the house.
BE SOCIAL While you may not feel like it, interacting with friends and family is a good remedy. “Plan game nights, cooking parties, or movie parties,” she says. Having something fun to look forward to will make the days fly by and keep your mind off of the gloom.
CUT BACK ON DRINKING
I L L U S T RAT I O N B Y S T E P H A N I E Y I N C H E N N I U 2
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“Avoiding excessive use of drugs and alcohol is important,” Stockton says. “These can exacerbate depression.” While drinking may seem like a quick fix to unhappiness, it can actually serve to make you feel worse. Moderation is key.
Winter fitness BY JESSICA CAMPBELL
Whether it’s in between “Scandal” commercials or study breaks, keep up your fitness with these 5 at-home exercises. INSIDE magazine shows how working out at home is possible and fun without trekking out in the cold.
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BOOK BAG BONDING Sick of reading those 800 page texts? Load them up in a bookbag and strap them on for a couple of squats and lunges. Make sure the bag is positioned equally on your shoulders. Do five sets of 10
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OLD SCHOOL
3
DITCH THE CHAIR
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5
You can never go wrong the classic push-up and sit-up. Do three sets of 10 push-ups and three sets of 25 sit-ups Note Make it harder by placing your feet on something, like a table or the wall, and incline your body towards the ground for each push-up. Add a weight to your sit-ups, lifting it over head each time.
Instead of sitting, make a “chair” out of your body against the wall. Make sure your knees are in line with your ankles and are at a 90-degree angle Do five sets of 30 seconds to 1 minute Note Make it harder by adding a weight, like a textbook.
THE TOWER OF BOOKS Stack up your textbooks into a step, and remember to take your shoes off. Place three to five books on top of each other against a wall. Holding on to the wall, put both or one foot on top of the books with your heels hanging off. Rise up and down, engaging the calf muscle as much as possible. Do three sets of 50 raises
STUDY CHAIR USES Take a break from sitting and use the chair as a bench instead. Face away from the chair with your hands on the side of the chair. Keep your legs straight and lower down, engaging your triceps. Do five sets of 20
PHOTOS BY ASHLEY SPESARD
IDSNEWS.COM/INSIDE • INSIDE MAGAZINE 3
C O N F E S S I O N S
We tried it: ‘No poo’ B Y K AT H RY N M O O DY
A rebellion against synthetic shampoo--“no poo”--has begun. Some wash their hair with baking soda and vinegar, while other brave souls have given up shampoo entirely. Our Editor-in-Chief washed her hair “no poo” style to see what the fuss was about. BEFORE
I stopped using shampoo for a week. I don’t think I’ll ever use synthetic shampoo again. You’re probably thinking, “I hope I never see this writer on the street because she is probably a nasty, oily ball of disgusting.” But trust me for a minute. I promise I do not smell weird. “No poo” requires that you
AFTER
wash your hair only with a small amount of baking soda and condition it with a small amount of apple cider vinegar once or twice a week. Baking soda is a natural cleanser that leaves the natural oils of your hair intact, and the acidity of vinegar helps balance your hair and skin. According to a vast amount
of blogs and websites, your hair will eventually naturally regulate its oil-producing processes— something thrown askew by sulfate shampoos—and allow you to shampoo less often. It’s low-key, low-maintenance, and environmentally sustainable to boot. I’m a born skeptic. Despite
the reviews on the web, I wasn’t sure it could be so easy to switch from standard-poo practices. Many people complained about weeks and weeks of slimy hair in the midst of a transition. Thank god my deadline only required me to do it for a week, I thought. But I think it may have changed my life.
THE MATERIALS
THE VARIABLES
1 tbsp of baking soda 1 tbsp of apple cider vinegar A plastic 18 oz. cup of water for diluting the “soaps”. Something to stir up the baking soda and water—any utensil or stick will do.
My hair is fairly light-weight and prone to frizz, especially in humidity or rain. My frizz is rarely the dignified, lion’s mane type. It’s more like cat-crawling-outof-a-bathtub-and-began-to-dry-a-little type. My hair has some natural bounce, especially at the ends, but it’s not curly. Do your research first. No poo will fry many hair types. Baking soda is no joke. Before no poo, I only washed my hair every other day, which may give me a slight advantage in waging war against an oily scalp. Online reviews are highly mixed. Some of them speak of deep conditioning practices involving raw eggs. Pass.
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COURTESY PHOTOS
THE EXPERIMENT (Monday, Oct. 13) Day 0 Gave my hair a good washing with my typical shampoo and conditioner—Tresemme Keratin Smooth and anti-breakage keratin oil conditioner. Taming the wet cat, I like to say. Afterwards, I sprayed it with Argan oil, like usual. Hair feels like thoroughly cleaned hair. No oil to speak of whatsoever.
(Thursday, Oct. 16) The wash I let my hair go for a blissful extra day of non-shampooing. So much time saved. But I have a visitor coming tomorrow, so today, I must wash. I measure out my ingredients into two separate cups before I get in the shower. Those in it for the long-term could do this with a single glass Mason jar and rinse it out between shampooing and conditioning while in the shower. Once in the shower, I fill the baking soda cup with water and stir it up with a butter knife. I then unceremoniously pour the mixture of cloudy water on my head. When I start scrubbing, my hair feels smooth and clean. It doesn’t lather, but you do get the sense that something is cleansing your hair. It took less time than washing with standard shampoo because I didn’t have mounds of suds to rinse away. Time for the vinegar. The smell hits you in the face at first—hence why some people suggest an essential oil, honey, or lemon juice for the mixture—but I pour it on like a champ. This time, no scrubbing. Immediate rinse, to ensure the smell doesn’t stick. My hair feels smoother, as if calmed after the intense baking soda cleanse. Shower continues as normal. After the shower, I smell my hair. No hint of vinegar whatsoever. I spray on Argan oil like usual. My scalp feels a little tingly and itchy. Brushing my hair out feels smooth and easy. I was afraid of crunchiness or a sense that my hair wasn’t clean—none of that. I don’t blow-dry. I stay up late and let it dry on its own for the first time in probably years.
I’m picky and worried. I ask my roommates if my hair looks weird. I ask my visiting friend to touch it. I’m afraid it feels sticky, like globs of oil are stuck in it. Some of my research reveals that trying no poo before cleansing your hair of the silicones and sulfates that are in most shampoos may leave your hair feeling sticky. “It feels fine,” he says. In fact, he adds, it feels softer than usual. Probably because I didn’t blow-dry it. I remain partially unconvinced.
(Saturday-Sunday) The first weekend Despite my concerns, my hair does not feel oily or look any different. So I am free to leave it alone. I begin to realize how freeing this is. How liberating and natural to let my hair do its own thing and take care of itself. How often do we let our bodies do this? How often do we give our bodies the freedom to regulate itself naturally? I don’t have to think about it, and I feel good because that is the healthy thing to do. “This is ridiculous,” my friend says. “You’ve been thinking about your hair all weekend.” Yeah, yeah, yeah. Whatever. I’m researching ways to do the no poo alternative, low poo, where you use all natural shampoos to wash your hair once or twice a week. Low poo may be the right balance for me.
(Monday) The conclusion My hair feels dull and flat, and I’m starting to wonder if it smells weird. It’s been four days since I’ve washed it. So I wash it again that evening, for the last time for this experiment, and consider what has happened. My hair feels a bit thicker and I enjoy not washing as often, that’s for sure. But I am concerned about doing this for the long-term. Dryness may be a considerable problem, especially since I am absolutely against putting raw egg in my hair. I am instead switching to low poo, and indefinitely. I found a good brand with entirely natural ingredients—no sulfates, silicones, parabens, synthetics, or animal testing—and am pretty excited about it. It’s a little pricey at 10 dollars a bottle, but since I won’t be shampooing every day, it’s a good investment. If you are willing to take the plunge, do it. It’ll encourage you to believe in your hair’s natural beauty—and I can’t think of a better reason for a beauty regimen than that.
IDSNEWS.COM/INSIDE • INSIDE MAGAZINE 5
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Where should you be studying?
BY THERESA GRAHAM
With finals approaching, you might struggle finding the right place to study. Never fear, INSIDE is here. Take our quiz to find the study zone perfect for you.
QUESTIONS
RESULTS
things first: 1 First When is your exam?
If you got mostly A’s….
A. Tomorrow. Yikes! B. Today. I have a couple hours, though! C. I should probably figure that out… D. In about…five minutes.
Then the library is the best place for you. The atmosphere at Herman B Wells will give you the focus you need. Do you work best on a full stomach? There are many food options in the basement to keep you satisfied. Easily distracted but desperate for some progress? Head up to the stacks for some much-needed isolation. And if you’re reviewing with others, the study rooms are the perfect place for a group meeting. Open from 8 a.m. to 12 a.m. most days, Wells has plenty of computers, printers, and comfy chairs to make your study experience….well, not terrible. Like the library feel, but want to avoid Wells? Explore some of the many other libraries across campus that support specific academic interests. The William and Gayle Cook Music Library, Fine Arts Library, or Education Library, just to name a few, provide resources to help you best prepare for upcoming exams in the various departments.
2 And how prepared do you feel? A. Well, it’s 50 percent of my grade so I’m A LITTLE BIT WORRIED. B. Meh, okay. I could probably go over my notes again. C. I’ll let you know once I start studying. D. C’s get degrees, right? RIGHT?!? what are your feelings 3 Okay, on noise while studying? A. It depends on my mood. Sometimes yes, sometimes no way, José. B. A little noise never hurt anyone. C. Silence, please! D. Sorry, I’m too busy cramming. What did you say?
Try a food court. Dining halls such as The Restaurants at Woodlands or Wright Food Court are great places to study in between classes. Not only are they easily accessible, but they also give you access to pizza, tacos, and, yes, much-needed coffee! Use your hundreds of meal points to buy a snack, and then sit down to the perfect amount of background noise that will help you tune out the world. Since food courts are popular places, you might see some of your friends walking by as they grab food, so be wary of distractions.
your preferred time to 4 What’s study?
If you got mostly C’s….
A. Any time I can find. B. In between classes, when I’m stuck on campus. C. Does 3 a.m. count as “late night” or “early morning”? D. What is this “studying” thing? you studying with a group 5 Are or solo?
Don’t bother putting on pants. There’s no need to go anywhere - just study in your room. It sounds like you’re not freaking out about your exam, and why should you? You have time, and you’ll make sure that you eventually get the studying done. Luckily, the silence and solo time will give you the concentration needed to hit the books. Another perk- by studying at home, you don’t have to worry about places being closed when you have the urge to review notes in the middle of the night. So get comfy- stay in bed to re-read your textbook, and feel free to take a break to watch Netflix or bake some cookies. You’re going to be prepared no matter what.
A. It’s supposed to be a group thing. But who knows if they’ll actually show up. B. I hope some of my friends want to join me! C. Just me! That’s how I like it. D. All byyyyy myself. Though hopefully I can find somebody right before the exam who can answer my questions.
hallway outside your classroom. Not to worry. Class starts in half an hour? Just head over to Ballantine early and pull up some floor. Studying in the building where you have class will get you in the right mindset. And chances are your peers will be there too for any last minute questions. Pack some food to keep your energy up and try to remain calm. It’ll all be okay. Good luck!
6 How about brain food?
If you got a mixture….
A. If I keep studying all night, I’ll probably need some sustenance. B. Anything I can buy with meal points! C. I have some leftovers in the refrigerator…or the cabinet…or somewhere. D. I’ll probably scarf down that PB&J I have sitting at the bottom of my backpack.
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If you got mostly B’s….
INSIDE MAGAZINE l ISSUE 2
If you got mostly D’s…. You like to wait until the last minute, huh? Looks like you’ll be studying in the
Then head over to the IMU. You like a mix of it all, and the Indiana Memorial Union has everything to suit your fancy. Need a study break? Go bowling at The Back Alley. Need a coffee fix? The Starbucks has you covered. And the IU Tech Store is available for help with any technology-related issues. Whether you prefer to study with some background noise or complete silence, there’s always a place for you. Bonuses include a hair salon (900 Hair Design) and weekly Union Board films in the Whittenberger Auditorium for all of your procrastination needs.
Holiday on a budget P H OTO S A N D S TO RY B Y AV E RY WA LT S
It’s the end of the semester, and the bulk of your money has gone to a KOK tab (purposefully or not). Buying gifts for family and friends or decorating for the holidays can seem like a budget-killer, but good planning can make holiday shopping and decorating a little less daunting.
Gift ideas
Decoration ideas
TAKE-OUT MENU BOX
ORNAMENT DISPLAY
Everyone has a foodie friend that knows all the best restaurants in town. However, this foodie friend is probably less likely to venture out in the cold winter months. Collect take-out menus from their favorite spots and assemble them together in a take-out menu box. A simple three-ring binder will work for this low-cost gift idea. Siam House Pad Thai and Netflix at your fingertips is the definition of truly living. Supplies Take-out menus Binder (size to preference)
PRINTED CANDLES Grab candles of any size, ink, and a stamp to decorate a candle specific to the gift receiver. Print the lyrics to their favorite song or a pick a pizza-shaped stamp (can’t go wrong there). Evenly spread the ink across the stamp. Then, carefully roll the stamp onto the candle and let it sit aside to dry. Supplies White candle Non-toxic ink pad Printed rubber stamp
An alternative way to incorporate ornaments into decorating is to display them in a glass jar or vase. Simply stack the ornaments into the color, shape, and size preference of your liking, and you’re left with a center piece pretty enough to rival the stack of notes sitting adjacent for finals week. Supplies Glass jar Ornaments
MAGAZINE CHRISTMAS TREE If Christmas trees cause allergies or your parents don’t have a spare tree, the next logical option is a magazine tree, of course. We give you permission to use old issues of INSIDE for this project. Steps Gather magazines of any size. Open the magazine to bend the spine. Make it as malleable as possible. Fold each page from the top right corner to the spine. Take that same page and fold it into the spine again. Fold the triangle bits hanging at the bottom up into the pages. Repeat these steps for each page until the magazine stands upright.
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I L L U S T R AT I O N B Y M O R G A N A N D E R S O N
INSIDE explains ...
THE WILD WILD WEB B Y K AT H RY N M O O DY
G Google was born in 1998. We now live in a world wherein you can search “how to make eggs” or “Chris Evans shirtless” or “when was Google founded” without shame or remorse. There’s so much to see online, sometimes we forget just how much is out there. It’s easy to find info about your favorite celebrity. What movies they star in, whether or not they are doing their own stunts in that shot, who they are dating—it’s all available online, free for your perusal. A lot of the same information is available online about you too. Facebook and its myriad army of social media nemeses (Twitter, Tumblr, and the like) connect over a billion people worldwide in vague thoughts, relationship statuses, and ventures in hashtags. It’s never been so easy to broadcast photos of yourself, your cute baby cousin, or thoughts from the ragin’ party next door. Let’s be honest. It’s pretty awesome. But it has a garish side-effect. Emails, phone numbers, addresses, and pictures of your neighborhood are all available online to study. Jobs, education, a location history, and names of family members can also be mined from the web. All from a single Google search. And you thought celebrities had it bad. Data on you, a relative unknown, is worth thousands of dollars.
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WHAT THE WEB KNOWS ABOUT YOU HOW IT WORKS Aggregate sites like Instant Checkmate, Spokeo, and Whitepages collect as many available public records about you as possible, says Fred Cate, senior fellow at IU’s Center for Applied Cybersecurity Research—a completely legal practice.
Many of these public records often come from large-scale personal events that require heavy official documentation, like buying property, giving birth, and getting married. So, students tend not to have as much risk, Cate says. But any information available about you, like member directories for
clubs or teams you are part of, are also public, making that info free game as well. Remember, this practice is completely legal. “Everything we do creates a digital record that can be found by someone else,” says Cate. We decided to put that to the test.
SEARCHING FOR MYSELF I will use myself as the example. I clicked the aggregator sites most common on Google. I also completed a couple of standard Google searches. Here is the information you’d find about me on each of these respective sites.
SEARCH AGGREGATOR Instant Checkmate
Spokeo
Peoplefinders White Pages
Name
Age
Name of family/friends Criminal records (If I had any...) Contact information or social media accounts Address Other public records (marriage, birth, etc.) CHART BY CHELSEA COLEMAN
INSTANT CHECKMATE Entering Instant Checkmate warns you upon entering that “Learning the truth about the history of your family and friends can be shocking, so please be cautious when using this tool.” Instant Checkmate asks for first and last name and home state. I am the second result on the list, with the correct age, hometown, and my parents’ names listed. Results Location history, criminal records, contact information, related persons, marriage and divorce records, any licenses, nearby sex offend offenders, and partners and associates (including boyfriends). Extra Requires you to pay to see any of it.
GOOGLE In a Google search of my name, my Twitter account is the third option. My IDS profile and a reposted article I wrote for an internship last year also show up. But the first page contains the other Kathryn Moodys of the world. I try honing my search—“Kathryn Moody Bloomington.” Now, the whole page is me. My LinkedIn profile, INSIDE Magazine…all me. On the bottom of the page are ads for aggregator sites.
SPOKEO Entering Spokeo, instead, makes it sound exciting that you can “reconnect” with someone you lost touch to with. But Spokeo is also a lot less intense. You simply provide a name,
search, click on the state where the person lives, and you are presented with options. Results Shows my parents, my street, a picture of my street, and my hometown. Extra Phone numbers and email information require you to pay.
PEOPLEFINDERS Can’t find me, even when I specify my hometown.
WHITEPAGES Entering Once I plug in my name and state, I am first on the list. Results Lists my age, full names of my parents, my street on a map, and full address. It can also find info on my neighbors. Extra Email, phone number, and public pub records are behind a paywall (Whitepages uses us Instant Checkmate for some of the info).
WHAT CAN WE DO The biggest problem is that we have no say about how this data is used, says Cate. “Who cares if I have it, if I can’t use it to harm you?” he says. “Let’s stop fighting over whether or not it is recorded, and instead ask what you can use it for.” In Instant Checkmate’s FAQ site, it is made clear that information provided cannot be used for employment screening, determining scholarship qualifications, or screening tenants. The Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) protects you from non-Consumer Reporting Agencies (CRAs) who may try to use your data for said activities. All of the sites mention this, one way or another, but the data is still out there. On most of these sites, you can opt out. Typically, I found the opt-out in a tiny link for privacy on these sites. Spokeo’s link was nearly invisible on the bottom of the home page, while Instant Checkmate’s link is in their FAQ. On Whitepages, you have to create an account to hide the page. If you can find yourself on Peoplefinder, you can choose to opt-out of that website as well.
SNAPCHATS (AND ALL OTHER POSTS) THAT HAUNT YOU FOREVER You’ve heard it a million times, but here it is again, for good measure. Anything you share over the internet—be it Snapchat or on your private Facebook page—can be found and shared, even if you didn’t intend it to be. Many on social media don’t take advantage of security options, particularly on Facebook. Even if you do, people will find a way to access your account. Cate says that some companies make current employees friend request potential employees to gage their online profile before being hired. Most students are aware of this, Cate says, but act like they aren’t. Use those privacy settings. Maybe use a fun username instead of your actual name for social media networks that you wouldn’t use professionally. But, Cate says, always keep the age-old rule in mind: Assume what you post will be shown to everyone you know and everyone you will ever meet. Think Grandma or Professor Jenkins wants to see you partyin’ down at the Dunnkirk like that?
Hey sweat: CU L8ER, 4VR.
BAD PASSWORDS
LOST DEVICE
Don’t share your password with your best friend, for starters. But also, don’t use the same password for everything. We’re all guilty of it—Heartbleed proved that. Cate suggests choosing a simple word—ideally in another language—and changing the first or last letter for each website or device that requires a password. Easy to remember, but each and every one different.
A million sad little iPhones were lost last year, Cate says. During flip phone’s reign, a loss was heartbreaking. Day-ruining. The loss of a hyper-connected smart phone, containing your bank account, your email, your photos, and all of your contacts, is dangerous. Use the technology in your favor. Put a passcode on your phone and all devices that you carry around with you. Apple’s iOS 8 put intense encryption on all Apple devices to protect your data. Opt into it, whenever you can, Cate says. Use confidentiality and protections whenever offered. It’s annoying to type in a four-digit code every time you want to look at your phone, but it’s better than the alternative.
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A MAJOR DIVIDE Education, computer science, and speech and hearing sciences are majors dominated by one gender. But the gap is closing. These students represent the coming changes.
S PHOTOS BY BEN MIKESELL AND ASHLEY SPESARD
B Y E M I LY E R N S B E R G E R
ophomore Jessie Pusateri knew how to explain when dynamic programming would not be a good idea. Her professor was not sure of a good example. Dynamic programming is a concept that says problems in computing can be solved by breaking down the issue into smaller issues, solve those first, and then it will lead to solving the larger issue. But while it seems ideal, it is not always the best way to solve the problem. Pusateri turned to a guy next to her to share her example of a time when the concept might not work. She put it in terms of clothing. “Well, I have my favorite shoes, I have my favorite pants, and I have my favorite necklace, but if I put them together, it doesn’t look right,” she said. “That’s too girly,” the boy said.
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The gender gap in professional fields has been a societal conversation topic for a long time, and only becomes louder and more relevant as the contemporary feminist movement continues. Siri Terjesen, an assistant professor at the Kelley School of Business with research interest in gender in management, said that careers with gender gaps are an issue throughout the workforce. Terjesen and many other gender-workforce analysts call it a pipeline issue. “When you have a pipeline that’s narrow in the beginning, it’s hard to make it broader in the future,” Terjesen said. That pipeline begins as early as college when students choose which fields they want to study. “In many, but not all cases, a major is admission to get to a particular line of work, so it’s difficult but not impossible to get a job without a major in the field,” Terjesen said. Most of the repercussions of professional fields that are taken over by one gender come from jobs where significantly fewer women are present than men. “A lot of research shows that the more women involved in the profession, the salaries and prestige can drop,” Terjesen said. Fields like teaching and dentistry that were once controlled by men, but then were broken into by women, became less prestigious over time. According to data from the U.S. Department of Education, 75 percent of education majors are women. “The gender gap is very noticeable in my classes,” sophomore elementary education major Dean Gardner said in an email. “In many of my classes where it’s just elementary ed. majors, I am usually one of two or three guys.” In fields where males are the 14
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BY THE NUMBERS Each of these careers is dominated by one gender. Men
Women Computer science
20*
Education
Physical sciences
25 40
80
*There are 307 computer science majors at IU. Only 46 are women.
minority, the gender gap does not seem to make as much of a difference to the males as it does to women in men-dominated fields. Jehu Elliot, a senior speech and hearing sciences major, a field of mostly women, said that for him and other men in his major, the gender gap is not an issue. “It’s pretty mundane, and I’m not treated any differently,” Elliot said. He is usually among one or two other guys in his classes. The biggest effect he says it has on his studies is that in some classes, a research sample cannot be conducted because there are so few males. However, fields in which women are the minority, the effects on an industry and the initiatives to have more women involved are more prevalent. The most stark example of this is in the computer sciences field. Pusateri, a computer science major, says she has felt the gender divide in her major. At IU, 46 women are currently working toward a B.S. in computer sciences. In total, 307 people are working for that undergraduate degree. That gap, she said, has caused very few moments of sexism or blatant discrimination, but criticisms and unintentionally sexist remarks do occur.
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S O U R C E U S D E PA R T M E N T O F E D U C AT I O N GRAPHICS BY CHELSEA COLEMAN
“It didn’t really get to me, but to some people, it would,” she said about the example she gave the male member of her class. “He probably didn’t even realize he was being offensive.” She later told her professor about her clothing example. He will use the relationship in the future to his classes. While Pusateri compares clothing to computer concepts, she said she has seen examples of women doing the opposite. Some attempt to become one of the guys in order to cope with the gap. “Diversity isn’t diversity if you’re just assimilating to the majority,” she said. Pusateri said she can already see the career effects of being in the gender minority. “A lot of people do tell you that they’re looking for women, or that people will be interested in you because you’re a woman,” she said. Women in technology, Pusateri said, are especially crucial in a field that requires teamwork. Gone are the days of sitting in the corner and working alone on computing, she said. Now, the technology field is all about teamwork. “You have to have people skills,” she said, which cannot be fully achieved without working with women. But what makes this
pipeline so narrow in the first place, many argue, are the gender-specific careers that are preconceived at a young age. “I don’t think it’s a gender thing; it’s whether your mind works that way or not,” senior physics major Megan Hinger said. “I don’t know if it’s a girl or guy thing, but girls seem to be less likely to take a mathfocused class.” According to data from the U.S. Department of Education, women make up less than 20 percent of computer science majors, a large decrease from numbers in the early 2000s. The number of women studying physical sciences (such as physics or chemistry) has increased in the last 30 years, but remains at about 40 percent of the field. For many fields in which women are the minority, initiatives are in place to foster more female involvement. Many programs for women involvement exist at IU, such as the Center of Excellence of Women in Technology and Women in Informatics and Computing. These programs are one of the best answers to closing the gender gap, Terjesen said. “I think we need some recognition that there should be more women in these fields,” Terjesen said of all sciences, including technology, library science, and political science.
Dean Gardner Elementary and special education “The thing that gets me most excited about being a teacher is that not only are we teaching the students, but we have the chance to make a lasting impact on their lives. If we’re doing our job right then we can be a positive role model for students.” PHOTOS BY ASHLEY SPESARD AND BEN MIKESELL
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Jessie Pusateri Computer science Jessie has been interested in computers since a young age. “Pretty much since like first grade,” she says. “I didn’t start coding until college, but I have been around computers my whole life.”
Jehu Elliot Speech and hearing sciences “My brothers had speech impediments growing up,” he said. Elliot’s grandfather also suffered speech impediments after having a stroke.
High fl
lier
Var Brynildssen defies both land and sky to pursue his hobby – aerial photography. BY ELISA GROSS P H OTO S C O U RT E S Y O F VA R B RY N I L D S S E N
Var Brynildssen shows off his model airplane.
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V
He was flying in a field close to his grandparents’ house in Greene County, Indiana with his grandpa, John Matson, and family friend, Danny Gill. After a while, Var began to goof off with the plane and push his limits. He lost control. The plane hurtled down soaring past Var, then flying between John and Danny, who were standing behind him. The plane kept going right into Danny’s car. The flight was over. “What are you doing?” one of them asked. “You need to be careful!” Var, a junior majoring in informatics, has been flying model planes for about a decade, and during that time he has been no stranger to plane crashes. Since receiving his first plane as an 11 year old, he has collected 18 different models. And, he has crashed every single one of them. He can even remember his first plane crash. While he was flying, his plane
ar’s model plane was in the air. It happened to be windy that day, not the best conditions to be flying, but he had managed to take off.
Danny Gill, family friend of Var, handles a model airplane.
got too far away and he lost control. It fell and almost hit a horse that was standing in a neighboring field. “You have to laugh at
yourself, otherwise things like crashing your planes would kill you,” Var says. He quickly had to learn to get over his mistakes, especially
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since he was self-taught. While learning to fly model planes is harder than people probably think it is, he says the learning curve isn’t huge.
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One of Var’s aerial photos, taken near his grandparents’ house in Greene County.
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“I sat down on the ground and just started flying it,” Var says. “I learned from there on my own. No one was really teaching me.” He might have taught himself most of what he knows about flying, but it has never been a solitary activity for Var. His grandfather has been an important influence to his hobby. John, his grandfather, who was the manager of composing and I.T. departments at the Herald-Times before retiring, says he mainly acts as Var’s crew. Var has a physical disability, arthrogryposis, which prevents him from doing things like plugging in batteries, starting the engines, and carrying the models to the area where they are flying. He also can’t stand while flying the planes, so John made him a bench that allows him to spin around, keeping him from facing only one direction while he flies. Even Var refers to John as his pit crew. “We are so used to Var exceeding beyond our expec22
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tations that nothing he does is very surprising,” John says. “Var’s disability necessitates his learning to do things differently than others. In no time, he was more capable than many more experienced fliers.” Arthrogryposis is a shortening of the muscles around the joints that affects the ability to extend and flex the affected joints. Many people have responded to Var’s abilities with amazement and admiration, something Var doesn’t agree with. “People always say that I had to overcome a lot, and I don’t understand it, honestly,” Var says. “Everyone would do it if they were in my situation.You’re just living life. Either you want something or you don’t. If you want something, do it. Do what it takes. I don’t really think it’s all that special. I think anybody would do it in my situation if it was something they wanted to do.” This mindset is apparent in all of Var’s aerial photography, a feature of his hobby that started
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at the beginning of this year. It was something he had wanted to do for a few years, so he got a GoPro camera and a quadcopter, a model helicopter that has four rotors, and started shooting.
Photoshop and thought I could do that, too.” A lot of his shots are taken from the field near his grandparents’ house, but he has also taken some aerial photography
“People always say that I had to overcome a lot, and I don’t understand it, honestly. Everyone would do it if they were in my situation. You’re just living life. Either you want something or you don’t. If you want something, do it. Do what it takes. I don’t really think it’s all that special. I think anybody would do it in my situation if it was something they wanted to do.”
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Var Brynildssen
“I had seen other people work on videography from aerial platforms and I had seen people do photography,” Var says. “I thought it was really cool. I always loved working with
on campus. “I prefer taking photographs further out in the country,” Var says. “It makes for prettier shots. Although, I would definitely love to fly somewhere in a bigger
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mpm-living.com
The Tulip Viaduct in Greene County, taken during one of Var’s aerial photo shoots.
city.” Currently, Var doesn’t sell any of his photos and confesses that he doesn’t think they are good enough to sell. He does, however, see himself using his aerial photography
for some career in the future. He could have many different jobs with his aerial photography and flying skills, such as photography for real estate, monitoring crops for farmers, working on a police
force to help track criminals, or crop dusting. For now, however, Var is content to use aerial photography and model flying as a relaxing and amusing hobby. “It’s enjoyable, just flying
the models around and doing aerobatics or whatever you want to do,” Var says. “You get some unique photography that a lot of other people don’t have. It’s just relaxing and a lot of fun.”
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