TheNeolithicRevolutiontookplacefromaround10,000B.C.E.to4000B.C.E.andwasthoughtto beoneofthelargesttransformationsinhumanculture.Thetransitioninlifestylecenteredaroundthe shiftfromalifeofhuntingandgatheringasthemainsourceoffoodtoalifeofagriculturethrough thecultivationandbreedingofanimals,plants,andfungiasthemainsourceoffood.Theplanting andgrowingofcropsallowedforadependableandsteadysourceoffoodandincomeformany individualsinseveralpartsoftheworld.ThistransitionwasknownastheAgriculturalRevolution,a movementenablingmorepeopletoputahalttotheirnomadicwaysandsettleinonelocation.This revolutionissoimportanttotheevolutionofhumanshowmorecontent
Thejatiswerefamilialarrangementsthatcombinedthousandsoffamiliesintospecifickinship groupslivinginspecificareasandcarryingoutspecificfunctionswithinsociety.Eachjatihadits ownseparateeconomicduties,whilesomeindividualswouldparticipateinseveralotherareasof workaswell.Insomeinstances,jatiwouldrelocatefortheirassignedeconomicactivityandother timestheywouldendupbeginninganentirelynewvocationsotheywouldnothavetorelocate. ThisofferedtheancientIndianpeoplethechanceforupwardmobility,whichtheywouldnothave achievedasanindividualduetotheclasssystem.Thejatiaresohistoricallysignificantbecauseit providedindividualswithasenseofidentity,amoraleboosterduetothefactthatsomeoneelsewas alwayslowerthanyouinthehierarchicalsystem,anditenabledmountainpeopletobecomeapart ofabroadercommunity.Additionally,thejatiwereaprimitiveformofthewelfaresystemdueto eachcommunitybeingobligatedtoprovideforitspoorermembers–providingitsmemberswitha senseofcommunityandstability.WhilethejatiwashighlybeneficialforancientIndiancivilization, itisalsousedinanalteredformstilltothisday
TheemergenceofOlmecalongthecoastoftheGulfofMexicoaroundtheendofthesecond millenniumBCEwasthefirstsignofcivilizationin
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TheappearanceofurbanlivingwasoneofthemostinfluentialdevelopmentsintheNeolithic Revolution.Appearingasaresultofanotherimportantadvancement,agriculture,itresultedina vast,albeitgradual,shiftfromnomadismandhunting–and–gatheringtoasedentarylifestyle.Most importantly,thisevolutionwouldresultinchangestosocialhierarchies,occupationsinsociety,and theenvironmentBeforeagriculturebecametheprevailingsourceoffoodforhumanity,peoplehad tomovearoundconstantlyinordertosurvive.Thus,theywereonlyabletokeepthemostbasic itemsonthem,meaningeveryonewasviewedaslargelyequaltooneanother;aconceptlikewealth didnotexistBythetimevillagesandcitiesbegantosproutupshowmorecontent Theywerenotunlikeotheranimalsinthesensethattheyforagedfoodneededforsurvivalanddid littleelse.Oncehumankindadoptedcitiesasthedefactostandard,though,thiswouldquickly change.Peoplewastednotimeintakingadvantageoftheirenvironmentalsurroundings,reaping astonishingbenefitsfromsuchendeavors–allthewhileattheexpenseoftheearth'swell–being.For instance,theybeganbuildingirrigationsystemstoadequatelywatertheircrops,withouttakinginto accountthedamagetheywouldcausetothosewatersourcesinthefuture.Worsestill,though peopleweregrowingalargequantityofcrops,thediversityofsuchcropswasmeager.Itwas commonforlargecitiestocultivatejustoroneortwocropstofeedtheentirepopulation. Consequently,plantdiversityplunged,and,accordingly,sodidanimaldiversity.Whilesuchefforts mayseemtrivialtoday,theyweresignificantinthattheyprovidedasteppingstoneforhowhumans wouldcometodominatetheearth–throughaparasiticrelationshipwiththe
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ThereislittleinformationtosupportclaimsregardingindividualsintheNeolithicperiod,butitis onlysafetoassumethatbylookingatcertainartifactsandculturesthatfollowedthemoneis probabletocomeacrossimportantinformation.Agriculturalcultureswereamoreadvancedversion oftheNeolithicman,astheyemergedduringthelastyearsoftheera.Mosttribesusedtofocus primarilyonfieldslikehunting,gathering,andherdingbeforeexperiencingreformandstartingto concentrateonagriculture.WhileearliercultureswereApollonianincharacter,latercommunities wereDionysian.PeoplearegenerallyinclinedtoassociatetheNeolithicperiodwithbetterstone toolsHowever,thisperiodalsobroughtaseriesofadvancementsassistingindividualsgofrom beinghunter–gathererstobeingherdersandfarmers."Withthischangecamesettledvillages,the wheel,pottery,andmore"(Mindsparks8).Agriculturebroughtalongcivilizationandmadeit possibleforpeopletogetinvolvedinactivitiesthatwerenolongerdirectedatsatisfyingtheirbasic necessities.Theseindividualswereprovidedwiththechancetoactuallyhavefreetimeandtobe abletoperformactionsthatwerenotpossiblebeforeHerdersandhunterswerereligiouspeople,but theirmainpointoffocusrevolvedaroundanimals,astheyvirtuallyacknowledgedthegreat importancethatanimalshadintheirsociety.Animalsthatwereimportantfortheirdietwere especiallyconsideredto
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LastingImpactsandLegaciesofEventsandPeopleinAncientHistorySectionOneTheNeolithic RevolutionIn"Neolithic"lectureandpresentation,theNeolithicadvancesaredescribedindetail. TheNeolithicperiodiscrucialtolaterhistory,andcreatedalastingimpact,becauseofthe developmentsmadeatthistime.DuringtheNeolithicperiod,foodproductionwaschanged; agricultureandlivestock–raisingwasinvented,thissecuredastablefoodsupplyTheseinventions createdthefoundationofthefoodindustryasweknowittoday.Havingasteadysupplyoffood thensetintomotiontheotherdevelopmentsoftheera.Astockpileoffoodmeantthatcommunities couldsavethefoodforlater,creatingafoodsurplus,andthisoverabundanceoffoodallowedforan increaseinpopulation.Anotherresultofthefoodsurpluswasgainingtheabilitytotradewithother communitiesforotherrawmaterialsandgoods.Themajorityofpeoplenolongerneededtoworkas foodproducers,sospecializedcraftsmaninthecommunitiesevolvedanddeveloped.The individualswhoremainedworkingasfoodproducerscouldthentradewiththecraftsmanfortheir workorproduct,andbothwouldbenefitfromtheexchangeSocialclassesalsoemergedfromthe NeolithicRevolution.Theclasseswerebasedonwealthandstatus;individualsandgroupsthat gainedcontrolofafoodsurpluscouldgainpowerinthecommunitybyhavingcontroloverthe distributionofit.Thislaidtheframeworkforany
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