As we reach the halfway mark of the year, it’s the perfect moment to pause, take stock, and realign. Whether your goals are galloping ahead or you’re feeling a little saddle-sore from the ride so far, this issue is here to help you reset and realign.
Inside, you’ll find inspiration, practical insights, and a few gentle nudges to re-centre your focus – on your horse, your training, your wellbeing, and your passion for the sport.
We hope the second half of this year is your best yet!
Until next time
Dr Lizzie Harrison | Editor
CONTENTS
Are you spending where it counts?
A mid-year financial check-in for horse owners
Five exercises to build balance in young horses
From in-hand work to pole patterns – practical, progressive training for future stars
Are you where you thought you’d be?
Resetting training goals
Mindset Coaching
Building the rider’s competitive edge
The mid-year condition check
Why now is the right time to evaluate your horse’s condition, topline, and muscle health
‘Something’s not quite right’
Detecting lameness in your horse
Managing winter feet
Thrush, cracks, and sole sensitivity
Lucerne
Super forage or overrated?
Bio-Enhancement
The proudly South African company using microbiology to advance equine health
AskHQ
Your questions answered
ARE YOU SPENDING WHERE IT COUNTS?
For horse owners, mid-year is a smart time to take stock – not just of training goals and competition plans, but of how (and where) you're spending your money. With feed costs rising, fuel impacting show budgets, and the ever-growing list of “must-have” supplements and gear, it’s easy to spend more than you realise without always seeing the return.
A MID-YEAR FINANCIAL CHECK-IN FOR HORSE OWNERS
This isn’t about cutting corners –it’s about spending with intention. Here’s how to review your horse’s care and management budget, area by area, and ask: Is this working? Is it essential? Is there a smarter way?
FEED
Feed is often the most significant monthly cost after stabling or livery. And yet, many horses are being overfed, poorly fed, or fed inefficiently.
Questions to ask:
• Is your horse in ideal body condition?
If your horse is overweight or underweight, your feeding plan may need an adjustment, not more expensive products.
• Are you feeding for your horse’s workload, not your aspirations? Many pleasure horses are fed as though they’re in full competition –and it shows in their waistline (and the budget).
• Have you reviewed your ration with a qualified nutritionist in the last 12 months?
Feed companies often offer free consultations. Take advantage, especially if forage has changed seasonally.
Where to save:
• Eliminate duplicate feeds or those added ‘just in case’
• Choose quality forage as your base, not concentrate
• Simplify: fewer feeds, correctly balanced, often do better than complex mixes
BEDDING
Bedding can be a surprisingly large monthly expense, especially in winter or for horses stabled for long hours. Take the time to research the different bedding types available in your region (shavings, straw, wood pellets, paper, hemp, etc.) and weigh the pros and cons of each in terms of absorbency, waste, dust levels, and cost. If you have the space, buying in bulk directly from the supplier can often work out cheaper
than purchasing every week from your local store.
Also consider the long game: while fitting rubber matting involves a higher upfront cost, it can significantly reduce the amount of bedding needed for comfort and insulation, meaning lower running costs over time. Some owners find the matting pays for itself within a year.
DEWORMING
Routine deworming used to mean administering dewormer every few months – but blanket worming without knowing what parasites are present isn’t just wasteful, it contributes to anthelmintic resistance, making treatments less effective over time. Instead, many vets and parasitologists now recommend a targeted worming programme based on faecal egg counts (FECs).
Faecal egg counts are affordable, easy to do, and far more sustainable long-term. They allow you only to worm the horses who need it, saving money and helping protect your herd from resistance. Speak to your vet or a reputable testing lab about setting up a schedule. Not only is it often cheaper than a regular worming programme, but it’s better for your horse, too.
FARRIERY
Hoof care is not the place to scrimp – but it is worth reviewing.
• Is your current shoeing/trimming schedule optimal, or are you stretching it too far (or shoeing more often than needed)?
• Is your horse in shoes unnecessarily, or could they transition to barefoot with the proper support?
According to a 2021 study published in the Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, horses with consistent hoof care at 4–6 week intervals showed fewer balancerelated issues than those on longer cycles, regardless of workload.
If your farrier is excellent and your horse is sound, this is money well spent. But if you're still battling cracks, bruising, or lost shoes, it may be time to reassess the trim method or consider additional support like hoof boots or pads.
SUPPLEMENTS
The supplement aisle (and your feed room shelf) is one of the easiest places to overspend.
Ask yourself:
• Is this supplement backed by research?
• Do I know what result I’m expecting from it?
• Have I seen measurable improvement since I started it?
Not every product needs peerreviewed studies, but blindly feeding multiple ‘general support’
supplements can be expensive and unnecessary. More isn’t always more, and some combinations may even interfere with absorption or result in toxicity.
Where to save:
• Focus on evidence-based support (e.g. joint care for older horses, hoof support if recommended)
• Avoid products that duplicate what’s in your balancer or feed
• Ask your vet or equine nutritionist before adding anything new – you might already be covering that need elsewhere
SCHOOLING AND INSTRUCTION
Lessons, clinics, and training shows are often a key part of the budget –and rightly so. But are you seeing the value?
Reflection points:
• Are your current lessons still helping you progress, or are they simply routine?
• Could fewer, more targeted sessions offer better outcomes than weekly lessons that feel repetitive?
• Are there local clinics or group sessions that offer high value at a lower cost?
Also worth considering: could investing in a biomechanics assessment, a groundwork session, or a rider-focused coach make more impact than another jumping lesson?
SMART BUDGETING
Not every saving comes from cutting back – some of the best strategies come from collaborating, planning ahead, and making use of what's already available. Here are a few practical, non-sacrificial ways to reduce costs without compromising care:
1. Pool resources
Fuel is a significant cost for shows, lessons, or clinics. Share lifts to shows with yard friends or neighbours, or rotate transport duties where possible. Likewise, consider sharing:
• Routine vet visit call-out fees
• Large orders of feed or bedding to qualify for discounts
• Therapy equipment (ice boots, massage pads, etc.) if you trust the group
2. Do a monthly stocktake
Every month, check what you actually have before buying more. It’s easy to forget the spare fly mask or unopened bag of linseed at the back of the tack room.
3. Opt for group lessons
Rather than cutting lessons entirely, consider switching to shared sessions –still productive, but at a lower rate.
4. Buy second-hand when it makes sense
Rugs, show jackets, and tack are often available in excellent condition from local equestrian groups or resale pages. Save your budget for safety-critical items (like helmets) or things that genuinely require a good fit.
5. Set a ‘non-essentials’ budget
It’s not about never buying treats, gadgets or matchy sets – just set a monthly limit so you can enjoy it without guilt or overreach.
SELL, REUSE AND LOOK AFTER
Chances are, there’s a spare bridle, numnah or blanket gathering dust in your tack room. Sorting through your gear and selling good-quality items you no longer use can bring in a bit of extra cash – and help another rider at the same time. Preloved gear, especially from well-known brands, often sells well through local riding groups or equestrian marketplaces.
At the same time, caring for what you already have is one of the best ways to avoid unnecessary replacements. Regularly clean and condition your tack, polish your boots, and store everything properly to extend its lifespan. A little care goes a long way when it comes to saving money in the long term.
COMPETITION
If you’re an active competitor, show entries and transport are likely two of your biggest recurring costs. It’s worth pausing mid-year to reassess how often you’re competing and how far you're travelling – with rising fuel prices, even local outings can add up quickly.
Ask yourself: Could you share transport costs with a friend or yard mate who’s attending the same events? Carpooling with horses can halve your fuel bill and make the day more sociable, too. If you’re aiming to stay on the competitive circuit but need to trim costs, speak with your trainer about which events are truly worth targeting. A more selective approach can help you focus your training and arrive at key shows better prepared – and more likely to perform well.
OTHER SNEAKY BUDGET DRAINS
While they may seem small, these expenses add up fast:
• New rugs, boots, or tack that duplicate what you already have
• Ongoing subscriptions, memberships, or services that no longer serve you
Mid-year is the perfect time to review your spend-to-benefit ratio –and make a few quiet cancellations or swaps.
FINANCIAL FITNESS
Looking after your horse also means looking after your finances. Whether you're managing day-to-day costs or trying to plan for unexpected expenses, a little financial awareness can make a massive difference to your peace of mind. These five practical tips can help you build a more secure, stable foundation for both you and your horse.
1. Know what you’re dealing with
Start with a clear picture. Take time each month to sit down and review your income, fixed costs, and variable expenses – including horse-related spending. Be realistic and include everything: feed, shoes, supplements, diesel, competition entries, insurance, and vet bills.
2. Face your debts
Ignoring debt only increases the stress. Make a complete list of what you owe, and develop a clear plan to pay it down over time. Don’t be afraid to seek support – expert guidance is available.
3. Lower your credit limit
If you find it hard to resist spending on credit, reduce temptation by asking your bank to lower your credit limit. It’s a simple but effective way to curb overspending before it starts.
4. Save what you can
It might sound obvious, but even a small buffer can prevent financial stress. Aim to build an emergency fund – ideally at least one month’s salary – to cover unforeseen expenses like a colic bill, a truck breakdown, or a lost shoe the night before a championship.
5. Review insurance
It’s tempting to choose a high excess to lower your monthly premium, but ask yourself: would you actually have the lump sum available if an accident occurred? Sometimes, paying a little more each month for a lower excess can provide better protection in a real emergency. Review your policies regularly to ensure they align with your current needs, not those of five years ago.
BUDGETING WITHOUT GUILT
Reviewing your horse-related spending doesn’t mean you love them any less – it means you’re managing with intention for the long term. Horses are a lifelong commitment, and making smart
choices helps you sustain that care, especially when times get tough. Spend where it counts: nutrition, soundness, education, and enjoyment. If it genuinely improves your horse’s welfare or your partnership together, it’s probably worth it.
TOP TIP
Riding endless long sides won’t straighten your horse. Suppleness, symmetry and even strength come from correct bending, and only a supple, balanced and strong horse can achieve straightness.
THOUGHT STARTER
Backing at two, jumping at four, big tracks at seven. Soundness takes time. Just because they can, doesn’t mean they should. Longevity is built slowly. It’s time to slow down!
FIVE EXERCISES TO BUILD BALANCE
IN YOUNG HORSES
FROM IN-HAND WORK TO POLE PATTERNS – PRACTICAL, PROGRESSIVE TRAINING FOR FUTURE STARS
Developing balance in young horses isn’t just about movement – it's about setting them up physically and mentally for a career of soundness and confidence. These five progressive exercises will help your youngster build core
strength, body awareness, and coordination from the ground up. Whether you're working with an unbacked youngster or a horse just finding their feet under saddle, these tools offer a gentle, effective path to balance.
EXERCISE 1.
WALK SQUARES IN-HAND
Teaches: Coordination, inside hind engagement and turn-on-the-forehand foundation.
How to: Using a halter or bridle and a dressage whip, ask your young horse to walk in a perfect square rather than a circle. Use your body and the whip as guiding aids to mark each 90-degree corner, asking
the inside hind to step under as they turn. You can even use poles or cones to mark out the square, keeping you both in check in terms of your shape.
Tip: Keep the pace slow and deliberate. If the horse wants to swing their hindquarters out, gently correct and try again.
Ideal for: Horses not yet backed or during early groundwork stages.
EXERCISE 2. POLE FAN STEP-THROUGHS
Teaches: Proprioception, even weightbearing, and slow, controlled steps. How to: Arrange three to four poles in a fan or quarter-pie shape. Lead your horse through the middle section where the spacing is narrowest. They’ll need
to slow down, lift their feet, and think carefully about their foot placement. Variation: Once under saddle, walk over the poles in both directions on a light rein, aiming for rhythm and stretch. Tip: Use only once or twice a week – this exercise is demanding on soft tissues.
TOP TIP
Keep sessions short, reward often, and always finish on a positive note.
TRANSITIONS IN A 20M X 40M
ARENA
Teaches: Weight transfer, straightness and balance in transitions.
How to: On a long side, ask your horse to walk forward in a rhythmic, loose-rein walk. Halt at a letter
marker, wait for complete stillness, and then walk off again in a straight line. Keep transitions smooth and predictable.
Goal: Build the idea that halting is not a punishment, but a point of reorganisation and relaxation.
Tip: Repeat on curves and diagonals to test straightness.
EXERCISE 3. LARGE WALK-HALT-WALK
EXERCISE 4.
HILL WORK ON A LOOSE REIN
Teaches: Natural engagement and balance over the back whilst also developing muscle.
How to: In-hand or under saddle, walk up a gradual incline in a straight line, allowing your youngster to find their
own rhythm. Avoid pulling or pushing – this is about their own body finding natural alignment and strength.
Bonus: Walking downhill slowly teaches control and balance through the shoulder.
Tip: Always start with short inclines and good footing.
EXERCISE 5: SERPENTINES IN WALK WITH LARGE LOOPS
Teaches: Lateral flexion, rhythm and inside leg to outside rein concept. How to: Under saddle, ride a threeloop serpentine in walk across a 20x40 or 20x60 arena. Keep loops shallow and focus on smooth changes of bend, not tight turns.
TOP TIPS
• Keep sessions under 20 minutes.
• If your horse rushes through polework exercises, go back to practising them in-hand.
• Never drill – each exercise should feel like a conversation, not a test.
Key point: Avoid overbending. This is about rhythm, not acrobatics.
Tip: This is a perfect warm-up for green horses still learning to follow the leg and seat, and can also be walked through in hand if necessary.
FOUR WEEKS TO IMPROVE BALANCE
Build body awareness, postural control, and coordination in your young horse by incorporating these five exercises into a four week programme:
1 Proprioception & focus
2 Weight shifting & halt
3 Dynamic balance
Walk squares (in-hand), pole fan (led)
Walk–halt–walk transitions, straightline hill work
Pole fan (ridden), walk serpentines (large loops)
4 Combining coordination Squares under saddle
FINAL THOUGHTS
Young horses don’t yet have the core stability or neuromuscular maturity to carry a rider in balance for long periods, and pushing them too early can lead to physical or behavioural setbacks. These exercises provide a low-pressure approach to developing
Hind-end awareness, thoughtful foot placement
Core activation, control through rhythm
Balance through gentle curves, maintaining line
Integrated postural control and selfcarriage
TOP TIP
You’re not chasing perfection – just improvement. Watch for small wins: slower steps, steadier halts, better posture through turns.
balance by enhancing strength, proprioception, and focus from the ground up.
TOP
TIP
‘Turnout’ isn’t just standing outside. For their physical and social well-being, your horse needs enough space to move and friends to move with. Hours in a small paddock alone is only marginally better than spending time in the stable.
TOP TIP
Dirty brushes can spread fungus, bacteria, and parasites. Give your kit a proper wash every month, especially if your horse has sensitive skin.
ARE YOU WHERE
YOU THOUGHT YOU’D BE?
RESETTING TRAINING GOALS
By mid-year, it’s easy to feel like you’ve fallen behind. That competition you hoped to enter hasn’t happened. The lateral work you planned to master still feels elusive. Your horse had time off. You had time off. And now, as winter settles in, it’s tempting to believe the year has slipped away.
But goal setting – and more importantly, goal re-setting – isn’t about how fast you progress. It’s about how sustainably you progress, and how honestly you can adapt when life, horses, or circumstances shift your path.
THE ILLUSION OF THE TIMELINE
Equestrian sports can make it feel like there’s a race on – invisible, but very real. Social media shows riders jumping higher, competing more, and winning more. People at your yard seem to move up a level while you’re still trying to get your canter transitions clean.
But as Dr. Jenny Susser, a US-based equine sports psychologist and former Olympic team consultant, has said:
Goals are not linear. There are setbacks, loops, recoveries and rediscoveries. It’s the willingness to stay curious and kind in the face of pressure that separates resilient riders from burnt-out ones.
Instead of asking “Why am I not further along?”, it may be more productive to ask:
• “What did I learn this season that I wouldn’t have if things went to plan?”
• “Is my horse telling me they’re ready for more – or asking for less?”
• “Have I been training for progress… or for approval?”
BURNOUT
Burnout doesn’t only affect riders competing at the elite level. In fact, amateur riders may be more prone to it – juggling work, home life, and riding, often without the emotional and financial support systems professionals have in place.
Burnout is a state of chronic physical and emotional exhaustion, often accompanied by reduced motivation, feelings of inadequacy, and withdrawal from previously enjoyable activities.
Signs of equestrian burnout can include:
• Apathy or dread around riding or tacking up
• Emotional reactivity or loss of patience with your horse or yourself
• Feeling like you ‘should’ be doing more
• Measuring your worth by your progress
• Persistent fatigue, even when not overtraining
• Feeling guilty when taking time off
• Avoidance of the yard or riding peers
According to a 2022 paper in Frontiers in Psychology, athletes experiencing burnout show increased emotional fatigue and decreased motivation, often without recognising the early signs. This same study highlighted that burnout was most commonly linked to unrealistic expectations, external pressure, and low perceived reward – all common stressors for non-professional riders trying to ‘keep up.’ In addition, unrealistic training timelines, comparison with peers on social media, a pressure to justify financial investments, juggling too many roles and a lack of time for rest or unstructured equestrian activities can lead to overwhelm.
If any of this sounds familiar, the solution isn’t to power through. It’s to pause, zoom out, and ask yourself what you actually need, not what the timeline demands.
The following activities can help:
• Reframe your goals to prioritise process over progress
• Schedule breaks for both you and your horse
• Focus on relationship-building, not just results
• Seek connection, not competition: ride with friends, join a clinic, or talk to other riders honestly
• Consider support: working with a coach, counsellor, or bodyworker can provide clarity and lift pressure
Burnout is not a personal failing – it’s a signal that something needs to shift. And sometimes, that shift is as simple as giving yourself permission to breathe.
– Dr. Alison Lincoln, an equestrian performance psychologist
HORSES AREN’T ON YOUR SCHEDULE
Your horse doesn’t know what month it is. They don’t care that you planned to move up a level by September. They live in the now, responding to feel, energy, and connection.
Many horses experience their own mid-year shifts:
• Muscle loss from winter
• Increased stiffness due to cold weather and limited movement
• Setbacks from minor injuries or inconsistent footing
• Training plateaus as mental or physical thresholds are reached
This isn’t failure. It’s a normal part of development. In fact, training plateaus often precede breakthroughs – if we respond with patience instead of panic.
REWRITING THE PLAN
Resetting goals doesn’t mean lowering them. It means realigning them with reality.
A mid-year review could look like this:
OLD GOAL
“Move up to Elementary by August”
NEW FRAMING
“Build consistent balance in Novice movements with relaxation”
“Jump 1.10m before year-end” “Strengthen rhythm and rideability at 1.00m while protecting soundness”
“Compete every month”
“Alternate schooling weeks with arenafree weeks for variety”
Consider focusing on themes rather than outcomes. For example:
• “Build better straightness”
• “Improve saddle fit and symmetry”
• “Understand my horse’s digestive health”
• “Learn to school better on bad days”
These goals grow your partnership. They also last, even if the rosettes don’t come right now.
MID-YEAR GOAL RESET PROMPTS
• What did I learn about my horse in the last six months?
• What part of my training has become a source of stress?
• Where did I quietly improve – even if no one noticed?
• What is my horse doing well that I’ve taken for granted?
• What would feel good – not just look good – to aim for next?
COMMUNITY WITHOUT COMPARISON
If you’re feeling behind, you're not alone. Quietly, many riders are in the same space, especially after a tough few years of economic and emotional strain. What we need more than timelines is community and understanding: places where riders can share honestly, recalibrate together, and remember that this sport is not about being the best – it's about being the best for your horse.
So here’s a gentle invitation: Review your goals. Reflect, without judgement. And if you find you’re not where you thought you’d be? That’s okay.
You’re still here. You’re still showing up. And often, the best
work happens in these quieter, less glamorous seasons – when growth comes not from chasing more, but from embracing exactly where you are.
And here at HQ Magazine, we’re in it with you!
DID YOU KNOW?
Numnahs need to fit your horse. If a numnah is too long, too short or bunching up under the saddle it can cause plenty of issues. Choose wisely, and get advice from your saddle fitter if you are concerned.
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Heritage and Harmony
Step back in time with our historic buildings, each telling a story of Old Mill Drift’s rich past. The Old Mill, with its expansive deck, offers breathtaking views and a glimpse into the farm’s heritage.
Nearby, the Wool Sorting Shed and the Stone Building blend historical charm with modern functionality, perfect for those seeking a unique backdrop for their events or peaceful stays. Discover a place where history and tranquility meet, providing a picturesque setting for relaxation and reflection.
TEXT: LARA ELLWOOD
MINDSET COACHING
BUILDING THE RIDER’S
COMPETITIVE EDGE
Horses have given us some of life’s most joyful moments – freedom, partnership, connection, and the friendships forged along the way. But for many riders, those highs can be tempered by the creeping nerves that come before a class, in the warm-up arena, or even while thinking about the next show. These overwhelming emotions can slowly erode the joy we find in riding and hold us back from performing at our best.
We don’t want nerves to cloud the happiness we’ve built with our horses, nor to stand between us and our potential. In recent years, Mindset Coaching has emerged as a transformative tool in equestrian sport – helping riders at all levels develop mental agility, emotional resilience, and a competitive edge.
WHAT IS MINDSET COACHING?
Mindset Coaching focuses on the thought patterns, emotional awareness, and internal dialogue that directly impact performance. In a sport where every stride counts, mastering the mind is as essential as mastering the aids.
A rider’s journey into mindset work begins with building emotional awareness and developing emotional intelligence (EQ) – the ability to recognise, understand, and manage emotions. For riders, this selfawareness is the foundation of consistent, confident performance.
A rider with strong EQ can:
• Recognise when nerves are building before a round
• Notice how tension is affecting their position
• Respond thoughtfully rather than react impulsively (for example, with a last-minute kick or pull)
Even the Harvard Business Review says, “the mind listens to what you tell it.” All of this highlights the power of emotional intelligence, self-talk, and the stories we tell ourselves. Our thoughts shape our beliefs, our physiology, and ultimately, our performance.
Riders who train their minds to be encouraging and constructive –rather than critical and doubtful – set themselves up for long-term success.
MINDSET COACHING IN THE EQUESTRIAN SPACE
More riders are turning to Mindset
Coaching to improve focus, handle pressure, bounce back from setbacks, and gain clarity around their goals. This isn’t just personal
development – it’s performance strategy.
EQ and mindset are not buzzwords. They are essential tools whether you’re chasing a title at SA Champs or simply growing as a rider.
Mindset Coaching in the equestrian space starts with awareness, but it doesn't stop there. Riders also learn to:
• Set meaningful, motivating goals
• Reframe negative thoughts
• Recover mentally from mistakes
• Cultivate self-confidence and selftrust
• Replace unhelpful self-talk with empowering language
• Develop pre-performance routines that promote calm and clarity
• Channel nerves into focus and purpose
• Navigate competition pressure in a healthy, sustainable way
• Communicate more effectively with coaches
• Identify and dismantle limiting beliefs
Ultimately, Mindset Coaching helps riders bridge the gap between knowing what to do and being able to do it.
While it’s undoubtedly valuable for elite competitors, mindset work is equally transformative for amateurs and hobbyists. This is a sport of the mind as much as the body, and the same mental skills that support performance also deepen our experience of riding.
WHY ARE YOU RIDING?
Mindset Coaching also helps riders reconnect with their ‘why’. Using both cognitive and mindfulness-based techniques, it helps differentiate between:
• Intrinsic motivation (riding for personal growth, joy, connection)
• Extrinsic motivation (riding for results, ribbons, recognition)
When goals align with values, riders experience deeper satisfaction, better focus, and more sustainable motivation.
These tools aren’t exclusive to equestrianism – athletes across all sports use mental training to sharpen performance. The principles of focus, resilience, goal-setting, and emotional regulation are universal markers of high achievers.
FINAL THOUGHTS
Riders face unique challenges: the unpredictability of a living, breathing partner, the emotional rollercoaster of competition, and the pressure we place on ourselves. Mindset Coaching meets these challenges head-on, offering practical tools to not only survive but thrive.
Techniques like mindfulness help us stay present in the saddle and shift our focus from results to process. When pressure builds, the true competitive edge lies not in physical talent alone, but in mental clarity, emotional control, and the ability to stay grounded.
Your mind leads the way.
To learn more about Mindset Coaching reach out to Lara of Insight Equine on 075 149 5830 or visit their website at www.theinsightstudio.co.za.
TOP TIP
Most of us don’t train walk - we just warm up in it. But walk, done properly, builds the most muscle and is the best gait for feeling true straightness and connection. Don’t rush it.
DID YOU KNOW?
Heavier rugs aren’t always warmer. Rugging isn’t just about grams. It’s about fit, breathability, and the individual horse’s metabolism. An overheating horse is just as uncomfortable as a cold one.
THE MID-YEAR CONDITION CHECK
WHY NOW IS THE RIGHT TIME TO EVALUATE YOUR HORSE’S CONDITION, TOPLINE, AND MUSCLE HEALTH
At the midway point of the year, it’s tempting to push forward, focusing on training plans, competition calendars, and surviving winter’s demands. But July offers a unique opportunity: a quiet reset. This is the perfect time to reflect not just on your goals, but on your horse’s physical state – and make adjustments before small issues become big ones.
A proper mid-year condition check for your horse is more than just a glance over the stable door. It’s a thorough process of evaluating weight distribution, muscle development, topline integrity, and overall function – ideally with the input of your vet, physiotherapist, or equine nutritionist.
FAT ≠ FIT: WHY WEIGHT ISN’T THE WHOLE STORY
While weight is commonly used as a proxy for condition, it doesn’t tell the whole story. A 2020 review published in the Equine Veterinary Journal emphasised that body fat coverage and muscle mass must be assessed separately to understand overall health. A horse can be overweight but under-muscled, or appear lean while maintaining excellent muscle tone and fitness.
The widely used Henneke Body Condition Scoring (BCS) system, which rates fat deposits on a 1–9 scale, remains a valuable tool, especially when used in conjunction with topline scoring systems like those promoted by Progressive Nutrition. These assessments examine muscle development in the neck, withers, back, and hindquarters, providing a more nuanced picture of athletic readiness.
“Horses may maintain or gain fat over winter, particularly if confined or fed high-energy diets, but simultaneously lose topline and core strength due to reduced exercise or uneven movement,” notes Kentucky Equine Research in their topline evaluation guidelines.
Still, it is worthwhile to assess your horse’s body condition score at this midway point of the year. If you have previous numbers to refer back to, use these to assess how your horse is coping with the colder weather. If you don’t, still record your figures now and keep track of them over the coming months to see how seasonality, as well as any dietary changes, affect your horse’s body condition score. Of course, the absolute number scored can give you a good idea about whether you need to adjust the diet in any way, but observing a trend is also helpful for tracking changes over time.
TOP TIP
Use your hands as well as your eyes. Palpation can help detect atrophy, asymmetry, heat, or sensitivity in the topline musculature. Photographing your horse at consistent angles every 4–6 weeks can also help track subtle changes over time.
TOPLINE ASSESSMENT
Alongside your body condition score check, a topline assessment is a good way to evaluate your horse’s muscling and tone. Topline scoring evaluates the muscular development along the neck, withers, back and hindquarters – the areas that show if your horse is working in a balanced, biomechanically healthy way.
ABOUT TOPLINE ASSESSMENT
Two things cover the topline: fat and/or muscle. Most horses must reach a BCS score of 7 before their bodies lay fat along the topline. In contrast, in horses with BCS scores of less than 7, muscle development of the withers, back, loins, croup, and hindquarters makes up the visible topline.
The topline grading system developed by Progressive Nutrition is as follows:
• Grade A – The ideal topline; according to the grading system, “The back, loin and croup are full and well-rounded. The topline muscles are well developed and blend smoothly into his ribs. The horse should be able to perform work requiring the use of all of these muscles.”
• Grade B – The topline is sunken in the back area between the vertebrae, and concave at the top of the ribs.
• Grade C – The topline is sunken in both the back and loin areas.
• Grade D – The topline is sunken in the back, loins, and croup.
How the scoring system works:
• Areas assessed: The topline evaluation focuses on three key areas: the withers and back, the loin, and the croup.
• Assessment: The horse's topline is assessed visually and by palpation (feeling) to determine the level of muscling in each area.
• Scoring: Each area is assigned a score based on the level of muscling, with the overall grade determined by combining the scores from each area.
• Nutritional significance: The system is used to gauge the adequacy of a horse's diet in providing the necessary amino acids for muscle development.
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE TOPLINE ASSESSMENT
Muscle development along a horse’s topline is a useful evaluation tool to determine condition and strength. With periodic assessment of muscle mass along the topline as well as attention to nutrient balance in your horse’s diet in conjunction with exercise, you can maximise your horse’s muscle development. Make sure your horse is consuming enough essential amino acid building blocks for muscle so that he can develop a healthy topline and perform to his genetic potential.
TOP TIP
Saddle fit should always be re-evaluated if shape has changed, as even small shifts in muscle bulk can affect pressure distribution.
Harder surfaces, stiffer joints and fewer hours of exercise in winter can all contribute to a loss of muscle over the season, especially in older horses or those returning from injury. Even a slight dip behind the withers or loss of definition in the hindquarters may suggest your horse needs support – whether that’s nutritional, training-related, or physiological – so paying close attention is undoubtedly worthwhile.
FEEDING FOR WEIGHT AND MUSCLE MAINTENANCE
Research from the University of Minnesota's Equine Extension programme indicates that horses may require 15–25% more calories during cold weather to maintain body condition, particularly when temperatures fall below the horse’s lower critical temperature (LCT), estimated at around 5°C for most unclipped horses.
It is therefore important to look closely at:
• Ration balance (not just energy, but protein quality – especially essential amino acids – and micronutrients)
• Fibre first – ensure your horse has access to adequate quality forage, provided ad lib.
• Supplemental oils or fat-based feeds (such as flaxseed or stabilised oils) where extra energy is needed without sugar spikes
• Evaluate vitamin and mineral balance
MUSCLE-SPECIFIC NUTRITION
If energy demands in winter aren't met through diet, horses may begin to catabolise muscle tissue to meet their metabolic needs. Atrophy (wasting) of topline muscles begins in the withers, then continues to the back and gradually extends through the loins and croup and down into
the hip and stifle. Rebuilding muscle occurs in the reverse order.
Exercise activates muscle conditioning processes while nutrition provides its building blocks in the form of amino acids. After all water is removed, muscle is comprised of 73% protein and 22% fat.
To build the strong muscle needed to improve topline, a horse needs all 10 essential amino acids (which the horse’s own body can’t produce; he must acquire them through his feed) in his diet:
• Lysine, for young horse growth (this is the first ‘limiting’ amino acid);
• Threonine, for older horse repair and maturation;
• Methionine, for hoof and hair growth;
• Valine, leucine, and isoleucine, which are branch-chain amino acids important for muscle recovery;
• Phenylalanine, a building block for proteins as well as being a precursor to neurotransmitters;
• Tryptophan, a building block for proteins as well as being a precursor to neurotransmitters; and
• Arginine and histidine, which are used in protein biosynthesis.
The rate of muscle protein synthesis is fastest during growth, and synthesis rates decline as the animal ages. If there is an inadequate amount of any of these essential amino acids in a horse’s diet, protein synthesis will only occur to the level of the limiting amino acid. For example, if a diet contains 125% (of what the horse needs in) lysine,
110% methionine, 101% threonine, and 80% tryptophan, then the horse will synthesise all the amino acids into protein at 80% of his potential.
A mid-year diet review with a qualified equine nutritionist can help ensure the feed is supporting – not undermining – muscle maintenance and performance.
TOP TIP
The percentage of protein on a feed tag does not give the complete picture because it doesn’t break down the individual amino acid content on the label. It is also important to look at practical consumption rates as well as exercise level –intense training doubles a horse’s protein needs from ‘maintenance’ requirements.
MOVEMENT ANALYSIS
In addition to hands-on palpation and topline assessment, observing your horse in motion is a vital part of any condition check. Watch your horse walk and trot in a straight line and on the lunge, ideally on both hard and soft surfaces. Look for rhythm, regularity, and symmetry between left and right – subtle discrepancies in stride length, tracking, or foot placement may be early signs of discomfort or emerging lameness. Filming from the front, side, and behind can help you spot issues that are easy to miss in real-time. Research from the Royal Veterinary
College suggests that many horses with low-grade, subclinical lameness present only under specific conditions, so don’t rely on a cursory glance. Enlist the assistance of a knowledgeable trainer, veterinarian, or physiotherapist if anything appears uneven.
This visual check is not just about soundness – it also helps identify whether the horse is carrying themselves evenly, engaging their core, and pushing from behind, which are all key indicators of healthy muscular development and strength.
NOTE: While exercise will condition muscle, it does not make muscle. Rather, muscle production and repair require the essential amino acids as well as the nutrients the horse uses while working.
RESETTING WORK: A BALANCED REBUILD
Once your condition check has been performed and any issues are identified, the aim is not necessarily to return immediately to intense schooling, but to rebalance the horse from the ground up to address any small issues before they escalate.
Veterinary rehabilitation protocols increasingly prioritise deep stabiliser activation before heavier work. The multifidus muscle, responsible for spinal stability, has been shown to atrophy quickly in horses on
box rest or inconsistent work, and takes time to rebuild (Stubbs et al., 2011). For this reason, corefocused groundwork, light hill work, pole exercises, and long-lining are ideal ways to restore strength and proprioception, improve muscling and ensure your horse is best prepared for the demands of the next six months.
Adding in physiotherapy, chiropractic review, or myofascial release therapy at this point can help identify imbalances before they manifest in training resistance or injury.
MID-YEAR CONDITION CHECKLIST
• Body Condition Score (BCS) using the Henneke scale
• Topline evaluation (photos, palpation, and observation)
• Saddle fit reassessment
• Winter feeding analysis (especially protein, energy, and micronutrients)
• Movement screening: walk, trot, canter (ideally videoed)
• Plan for progressive training or rehabilitation if necessary
A MID-YEAR MOMENT OF HONESTY
The best riders are not those who power through regardless, but those who pause to listen to what the horse’s body is saying. A mid-year condition check allows for honest reflection:
• Is your horse muscling symmetrically?
• Are you supporting their changing needs nutritionally?
• Have you noticed any changes in behaviour, posture, or performance?
Use this time to reconnect with your horse’s body. Take photos. Track changes. Bring your vet or physio into the conversation – not just when there's lameness, but when there's doubt.
This isn’t about perfection. It’s about awareness. The mid-year condition check is a valuable tool for every rider, whether amateur or professional, to deepen their partnership with their horse and set a more considered course for the second half of the year.
References
• Kentucky Equine Research. Topline Evaluation System. www.ker.com • Clayton HM & Stubbs NC. (2005). The relationship between static posture and dynamic motion of the equine back. Equine and Comparative Exercise Physiology. • Stubbs NC et al. (2011). Functional anatomy of the equine back and its relationship to injury and performance. Equine Veterinary Journal. • University of Minnesota Extension. Winter Horse Care Series.
DID YOU KNOW?
Emotions affect biomechanics. A tense horse moves differently from a relaxed horse. Emotions like anxiety can tighten muscles, shorten stride, and increase the risk of injury. Emotional wellness is a key component of physical wellness.
THOUGHT STARTER
Just because he’s quiet, doesn’t mean he’s coping. A withdrawn, shut-down horse may look calm, but could be emotionally overwhelmed. Learn the signs of learned helplessness, as they’re easy to miss, but hard to fix.
Rising 2yo:
Martini Delroy (Dallas VDL x Callaho’s Corinth) - dam jumping in the opens
Martini Lamosa (Legend KWPN x Argentinus) – dam produced wining 1,40m horses Callaho Talana & Callaho Corina
Yearlings:
Martini Pinot Noir (Pegase van’t Ruyterhof/ Berghof Eragon) – dark bay colt
Martini Kool Blue (Kobalt VDL/ Ubergabe) – grey colt out of proven dam line of Callaho Liberace
Martini Uno Chocolate (Up To You/ Candy de Nantuel) - bay filly
CONTACT STUD OWNER: Claire Martin on 0825007273 or martinistud@gmail.com
@ Martini Stud
‘SOMETHING’S NOT QUITE RIGHT’
DETECTING LAMENESS IN YOUR HORSE
Even the most attentive of us can miss the early signs of lameness. Subtle inconsistencies – a slight head nod, a shortened stride, a slight toe drag, or a reluctance to bend – are often brushed off as ‘just how the horse goes.’ But recognising the early signs of lameness is one of the most critical skills a horse owner can develop.
Lameness is defined as an abnormal gait or stance due to pain or mechanical dysfunction. It can be acute, dramatic, and obvious – but more often, it begins quietly. And the sooner it's identified, the better the outcome for both treatment and longterm soundness.
UNDERSTANDING LAMENESS
Lameness doesn’t always equal pain. Some horses exhibit abnormal movement due to mechanical restrictions resulting from old injuries or conformational issues. But painrelated lameness is FAR more common, and almost always gets worse with time if left untreated.
According to the American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP), over 70% of lameness originates in the forelimbs, and most of it below the knee. Hindlimb lameness, however, is often harder to detect and may only show up under saddle or on specific surfaces.
WHAT TO LOOK FOR
Here’s what to look out for both in-hand, on the lunge, and under saddle:
IN-HAND (WALK AND TROT, STRAIGHT LINE):
• Head nodding: A classic indicator of front limb lameness.
“The head goes up when the lame leg bears weight, and down when the sound leg lands” – a helpful vet school mantra.
• Hip hike or drop: Often seen in hindlimb lameness. The pelvis may rise abnormally on one side as the horse tries to reduce pressure.
TOP TIP
Film your horse in motion regularly – straight lines, circles, and both directions. Even better, get footage under saddle if you suspect something is ‘off.’ Subclinical lameness often only emerges in the context of weight-bearing or collection. These videos can be used over time to spot subtle changes and help identify when something needs attention.
• Shortened stride or toe dragging: One leg moves less fluidly or doesn’t track up.
• Asymmetrical rhythm: Even on hard ground, the trot should sound like a steady 1-2-1-2. Uneven beats often suggest pain.
• Reluctance to turn tightly or move in-hand: Subtle resistance during groundwork can be an early sign.
DON’T DISCREDIT WHAT YOU FEEL
Sometimes, it’s not what you see but what you feel. That elusive sensation of your horse being a little hollow, disunited, or ‘not taking you forward’ is worth investigating. Even vague, non-specific issues, such as a lack of impulsion, crookedness, or girthiness, can point to musculoskeletal discomfort.
ON THE LUNGE
Lunging can exaggerate asymmetries, which can be helpful in identifying a mild lameness. On a circle:
• A horse with inside hindlimb lameness may drift out, shorten the inside step, or swing the quarters outward.
• A horse with outside forelimb pain may struggle to maintain rhythm, or nod more visibly as the circle stresses that limb.
UNDER SADDLE
Many horses appear sound in-hand and on the lunge, but under saddle, the picture can change completely.
More obvious signs of lameness under saddle that are often detected by riders themselves include:
• Irregularities in stride
• Difficulty picking up or maintaining a canter lead
• Heavy contact on one rein only
• Reluctance to bend or work on one diagonal
• Changing head position, tail swishing, or pinning ears under pressure
• Tripping, especially on one leg
• Refusing jumps or reluctance to perform collected movements
On the other hand, more subtle behavioural signs may be dismissed as resistance, laziness, or tension, when in fact they reflect discomfort or pain.
To help riders and professionals recognise these signs, Dr Sue Dyson
and her research team developed the Ridden Horse Pain Ethogram (RHPE) – a structured assessment tool consisting of 24 specific behaviours that correlate with musculoskeletal pain. These are identified by observers on the ground while the horse is ridden.
These are:
1. Repeated changes in head position (up/down or side to side)
2. Head tilted or twisted
3. Head consistently behind the vertical (>10° for ≥10 seconds)
4. Head in front of the vertical (>30° for ≥10 seconds)
5. Opening the mouth repeatedly and for ≥10 seconds
6. Tongue exposed or hanging out
7. Ears rotated back behind vertical or flat for ≥5 seconds
8. Sclera (white of eye) exposed for ≥5 seconds
9. Intense stare for ≥5 seconds
10. Repeated tail swishing (not flyrelated)
11. Spontaneous changes of gait (e.g. breaking into trot or canter unexpectedly)
12. Spontaneous changes in speed within a gait
13. Reluctance to move forward
14. Backing up spontaneously or with minimal rein cue
15. Toe dragging (especially forelimbs)
16. Stumbling or tripping repeatedly
17. Dragging the hindlimbs or failure to track up
18. Hindlimbs not following the path of the forelimbs (crookedness)
19. Cantering with a 4-beat rhythm (disunited or irregular)
20. Cantering with repeated interruptions or poor transitions
21. Swishing the tail repeatedly in transitions
22. Bucking, rearing, or kicking out
23. Reluctance or refusal to canter
24. Holding the mouth tightly closed, with a tense jaw and lips
If a horse displays 8 or more of these 24 behaviours, he is highly likely to be experiencing pain under saddle.
“The ethogram gives us a structured way to recognise what pain looks like in ridden horses,” says Dr Dyson. “It removes the guesswork and helps horses get help sooner.”
The RHPE has been validated in multiple peer-reviewed studies, and its application is growing in both clinical and competition settings. It empowers owners to become more observant – not just of lameness, but of subtle signs that a horse may be struggling long before limping becomes visible.
SUBTLE CLUES – WHEN IT’S ABOUT MORE THAN MOVEMENT
Not all signs of lameness are visible in the gait. Some horses express discomfort through changes in behaviour, posture, or body language well before an uneven stride appears.
These more general indicators include girthiness, flinching when groomed, or sudden resistance when being tacked up. Horses may also show inconsistent or patchy sweating, particularly if one side of
the body stays dry during work. A change in demeanour – becoming withdrawn, unusually reactive, or ‘cold backed’ – may also point to musculoskeletal pain. Even a decline in performance, reluctance to be caught in the paddock, or avoidance during mounting can signal discomfort.
These signs are easy to dismiss, but when viewed in context with physical assessment or under-saddle behaviour, they often point toward something deeper.
The key is to know what’s normal for your horse, and notice when something changes.
WHAT TO DO IF YOU SUSPECT LAMENESS
1. Stop pushing through. Many injuries become more serious when training continues.
2. Document what you see. Take videos, make notes, and notice patterns.
3. Call your vet. Even if it feels minor, early intervention makes all the difference.
4. Avoid masking symptoms.
Don’t reach for anti-inflammatories until a diagnosis is made.
5. Review your saddle fit. This is a frequent contributor to uneven movement.
KNOW YOUR NORMAL
Every horse moves differently, but every horse moves consistently when sound. One of the best things you can do during your ‘Mid-Year Reset’ is to become an expert in how your horse looks and feels at their best, even when at rest. That way, you’ll notice the small changes before they become big ones. Stay
DID YOU KNOW?
Just because a horse looks ‘round’ doesn’t mean he is working correctly and moving in a healthy way. A tucked nose can hide a hollow back or blocked hindquarters. Connection always starts behind so beware of judging the frame alone.
THOUGHT STARTER
The horse doesn’t separate mind and body. A stiff horse might be anxious. A distracted horse might be sore. Training, behaviour, and pain all blur together, so we must always look at the whole picture.
MANAGING
WINTER FEET
THRUSH, CRACKS, AND SOLE SENSITIVITY
Winter weather can pose significant challenges for hoof health. Wet, muddy conditions promote bacterial infections like thrush, while cold, dry air and hard ground can lead to cracks, chips, and sole bruising. Fortunately, with a proactive approach, most risks can be controlled to keep our horses’ feet comfortable and sound.
THRUSH
Thrush is caused by anaerobic bacteria such as Fusobacterium necrophorum, which thrive in wet, low-oxygen environments like the deep crevices of the frog. According to the American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP), poor hoof hygiene and prolonged exposure to damp or dirty footing are the primary risk factors. With lots of wet weather in the Cape at this time of year, thrush is a common concern for many horse owners.
Management tips:
Signs of thrush include:
• Foul-smelling black discharge
• Soft, spongy or crumbly frog tissue
• Sensitivity in the frog or heel, particularly showing as a reluctance to load the foot heelfirst
• A central sulcus that’s deep, narrow, or sensitive
• Clean hooves twice daily, especially after time in the paddock.
• Use a topical disinfectant with drying agents (e.g. copper sulphate, iodine-based solutions).
• Maintain dry, clean bedding and turnout areas.
• Consult a farrier if frog trimming is needed, but never over-trim healthy frog tissue.
WHAT HAPPENS IF THRUSH IS LEFT UNTREATED?
If left untreated, thrush can lead to serious consequences for hoof health. What starts as a mild infection in the frog can spread into deeper structures of the foot, causing pain, lameness, and even permanent damage.
Chronic thrush may lead to heel contraction and atrophy of the frog and digital cushion due to disuse and altered loading, creating structural weakness around the heel. This weakness affects the horse’s balance and soundness, due to compromised shock absorption, which can even create problems higher up the limb.
In severe cases, deeper secondary infections can occur as a consequence of the compromised hoof tissue, leading to conditions like septic osteitis (infection of the coffin bone).
Even low-grade thrush can impact performance by making the horse reluctant to move forward or bear weight evenly.
Early detection and consistent care are crucial in preventing long-term problems, so call your farrier for advice if you are concerned.
TOP TIP
If you hear your horse’s hooves ‘crunching’ on frozen or gravel ground, it’s time to check for hairline splits.
Prevention strategies:
CRACKS AND CHIPS
In areas with fluctuating moisture levels, hooves may expand and contract repeatedly, weakening the hoof wall. Even in areas without rain, dry winter conditions can create brittle hoof walls. In addition, sudden temperature swings and walking from wet to frozen ground repeatedly can lead to cracks, toe chips, or separation at the nail line. According to Equine Guelph, environmental factors – not just diet or genetics –are often responsible for seasonal cracking.
• Apply breathable hoof moisturisers that seal in natural moisture but allow the hoof to breathe (avoid petroleum-based oils). These should, however, only be used with your farrier’s recommendation.
• Ask your farrier about rounding or bevelling the toe and quarters to reduce the risk of stress fractures. They will let you know if this strategy will help in your horse’s case.
SOLE SENSITIVITY
Hard, frozen, or uneven terrain can cause sole bruising and tenderness, particularly in barefoot horses or those with thin soles who are turned out on hard, frozen ground. Veterinary sources such as The Horse Magazine recommend using hoof boots or sole-toughening products to reduce pressure at this time of year.
Symptoms of sole sensitivity:
• Short or choppy stride
• Reluctance to walk on gravel, uneven or frozen patches
• Foot soreness after exercise, even without heat or swelling
HOW LONG DO SOLE BRUISES TAKE TO HEEL?
Sole bruises typically heal in 7–14 days, but the timeframe can vary depending on:
• The severity and depth of the bruise.
• Whether the horse continues working or is able to rest.
• The thickness and health of the sole.
• The quality of footing and turnout conditions.
Mild bruises may resolve in a week with supportive care (rest, soft footing, hoof boots), while more severe bruising can take several weeks to recover fully.
Prevention and care:
• Use hoof boots during turnout or riding.
• Talk to your farrier about solepacking materials or pads.
• Apply a sole hardener.
• Keep bedding clean and deep to prevent hard landings in the stable.
• Avoiding unnecessary exposure to icy or rocky ground.
CAN SOLE BRUISES TURN INTO ABSCESSES?
Yes, they absolutely can. A bruise creates local trauma that weakens the sole and makes it more vulnerable to bacterial invasion, especially if:
• The bruise breaks through the outer protective barrier of the hoof, allowing bacteria to enter.
• The horse is in wet, muddy conditions which soften the hoof further.
When bacteria enter through the damaged area, the body may respond by forming an abscess – a painful pocket of infection that builds pressure until it’s released (either by drainage or rupture).
SHOES OR TRIMS?
There’s no universal winter hoof strategy – it depends on the horse, their workload, and their environment. However, consistent farrier care and proactive management are crucial. Delaying trims can lead to imbalances and long-term issues, so stick to your regular schedule. Small adjustments now can prevent major problems later.
DID YOU KNOW?
Shod horses require careful monitoring in winter for clenches, ice buildup, and shoe movement if the hooves contract in dry weather.
TOP TIP
Pads or sole packs can offer winter cushioning, but the hooves must be kept very clean and the pads changed regularly to avoid soft soles, thrush and other issues later on.
DAILY HOOF CARE CHECKLIST
• Pick out hooves twice a day.
• Check for odour, discharge, cracks or bruising.
• Keep bedding dry and turnout as clean as possible.
• Apply moisture-balancing
conditioners to the hoof wall two to three times per week.
• Watch for changes in stance, stride or posture.
• Maintain trimming/shoeing every four to six weeks.
FINAL THOUGHTS
Hoof problems in winter often creep up slowly, but once established, they can take months to resolve. A few
minutes a day spent checking and caring for your horse’s feet can save time, money, and discomfort down the line.
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TOP TIP
Protective boots help prevent knocks — but worn too long, or when caked with sand and sweat, they can cause rubs, heat, or even restrict circulation. In fact, heat from boot use has been linked to an increased risk of tendon injury. Check your boots every ride and clean them at least once a week to minimise the risk of discomfort and injury.
THOUGHT STARTER
Horses don’t lie. They don’t fake lameness. They don’t make up tension. They don’t plan bad behaviour. When something changes – even subtly – they’re telling us something. We need to listen.
LUCERNE
SUPER FORAGE OR OVERRATED?
Lucerne (also known as alfalfa) has long enjoyed a reputation as a high-quality forage for performance horses. Rich in protein, energy, and calcium, it’s a favourite of many competitive yards and stud farms. But is lucerne really the super forage it's made out to be – or is it sometimes too much of a good thing?
In this deep dive, we explore the benefits and potential drawbacks of using lucerne as a primary forage source, along with expert recommendations on when and how to feed it.
THE PROS: WHY LUCERNE IS A FAVOURITE
1. High digestible energy
Lucerne is packed with energy, largely in the form of fermentable fibre – not sugar – making it a great option for horses that need condition or are in hard work, without sending their blood sugar soaring.
2. Rich in protein
One of lucerne’s standout features is its high-quality protein content. It contains essential amino acids like lysine and methionine, which are crucial for muscle development, tissue repair, and growth in young horses.
useful for ulcer-prone horses. Feeding lucerne before work or travel can reduce the risk of gastric irritation.
correctly, it tends to be lower in dust than some grass hays, making it suitable for sensitive respiratory systems.
THE CONS: WHEN LUCERNE MIGHT NOT BE IDEAL
1. Calcium to phosphorus imbalance
Lucerne contains about 5:1 calcium to phosphorus – far higher than the ideal 2:1 ratio. If not balanced with other feeds (especially phosphorusrich grains or grass hay), this can interfere with mineral absorption and bone development, particularly in growing horses.
2. Too much protein for some
While protein is vital, excess levels can place stress on the kidneys and increase water intake and urine output. Horses in light work or easy keepers may not need the protein punch that lucerne provides.
3. Risk of obesity or excessive heat production
High energy content means lucerne can cause unwanted weight gain in good doers. It also generates more metabolic heat during digestion, which might be a downside in hot climates or for horses prone to overheating.
4. Not always ideal for laminitics
Though lower in non-structural carbohydrates than some hays, lucerne can still be too rich for horses with metabolic conditions. Careful analysis and vet guidance are advised before including it in the diet of a laminitic or IR horse.
BALANCING LUCERNE IN THE DIET
Lucerne is most effective when fed in balance with other forages. A common approach is to feed a 50:50 mix of lucerne and grass hay, which helps:
• Balance the overall protein and mineral content
• Reduce cost (lucerne is often pricier)
• Improve gut fill and chewing time
Sample strategy for a 500kg horse in medium work:
• 4kg grass hay
• 4kg lucerne
• Suitable concentrate or balancer to meet energy and mineral requirements
Always ensure access to clean water – lucerne-fed horses often drink more due to higher protein excretion.
FORAGE
COMPARISON: LUCERNE VS TEFF VS GRASS HAY
Texture and palatability Leafy, soft, palatable Fine, soft, sometimes stemmy Varies by species and cut
Best for Performance horses, ulcer-prone, broodmares, youngstock Laminitics, easy keepers General use, maintenance
Watch out for Excess calcium and protein Potentially too low energy Variable quality
FINAL THOUGHTS
Lucerne is undoubtedly a nutrient-rich powerhouse, and for many horses –particularly those in work, growing, breeding, or recovering – it can be an excellent component of the diet. But it’s not a one-size-fits-all solution. Like any feed, lucerne should be used with understanding, balanced
thoughtfully, and tailored to the horse in front of you.
Before switching to lucerne as a primary forage, speak to your vet or equine nutritionist to ensure you’re making the right choice for your horse’s health.
IT’S NOT ABOUT GETTING THE HORSE TO DO WHAT YOU WANT. IT’S ABOUT LEARNING TO COMMUNICATE IN A WAY THE HORSE UNDERSTANDS.
– Buck Brannaman (American horseman and clinician)
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BIOENHANCEMENT
THE PROUDLY SOUTH AFRICAN COMPANY USING MICROBIOLOGY TO ADVANCE EQUINE HEALTH
In a fast-evolving world of equine healthcare and performance, BioEnhancement stands out for its commitment to evidence-based, biology-driven solutions. Founded in South Africa and informed by international microbiological research, the company has developed a specialised range of equine and agricultural products designed to support animal health
naturally and effectively, without relying on synthetic alternatives.
With over 30 years of experience in microbiology and biological process enhancement, their products are grounded in biological control, enzyme action, and natural microbiome enhancement, making them both powerful and ecoconscious.
WHAT ARE BACTERIOPHAGES?
Bacteriophages (or ‘phages’) are specialised viruses that selectively target and regulate bacterial populations – naturally, safely, and effectively. EquiGut includes a broad array of these phages to combat bacterial dysbiosis – a condition where one or more harmful species dominate the gut, leading to:
• Poor digestion
• Nutrient malabsorption
• Chronic inflammation
• Behavioural changes such as anxiety or irritability
By breaking down problematic bacteria and allowing beneficial ones to flourish, EquiGut promotes a balanced, resilient gut environment that supports immunity, energy metabolism, mood regulation, and performance.
Bio-Enhancement’s solutions span several sectors:
• Equine performance and wellness
• Livestock gut health and feed efficiency
• Soil regeneration and agricultural enhancement
• Waste bioconversion and effluent treatment
As HQ discovered, the common thread throughout all of their work is a commitment to harnessing the power of biology and natural systems to improve the lives of animals and the environment. We hope you enjoy this article, which dives into their philosophy, mission, and, of course, equine products.
EQUINE GUT HEALTH
Within the equestrian community, Bio-Enhancement has become known for its gut-first philosophy – an approach that recognises the microbiome as a key driver of performance, resilience, and recovery.
DID YOU KNOW?
Large yards can also install automated EquiGut dosing units, starting at R3000. Per-horse cost: R150/month (bulk discounts available).
Their flagship product, EquiGut, has been praised for its ability to transform horses from the ‘inside out’. Rather than adding probiotics, EquiGut supports the existing microbiome using bacteriophage technology, a targeted biological tool that eliminates specific problematic bacteria without disturbing beneficial flora.
THE IMPORTANCE OF GUT HEALTH
As horse owners, most of us are aware that the equine gastrointestinal tract is a sensitive and complex system. Its balance impacts not only feed utilisation, but also:
• Mood and behaviour (via the gutbrain axis)
• Nutrient uptake and weight maintenance
• Immunity and inflammation levels
• Skin, coat, and muscle tone
• Susceptibility to ulcers and colic
Modern feeding practices, frequent travel, and performance demands can easily disrupt the microbial environment, leading to subtle or serious issues in our horses. BioEnhancement's approach offers a natural, preventative strategy for keeping the horse's system resilient under modern pressures.
EQUIGUT
Most equine gut products on the market fall into two categories:
1. Probiotics, which introduce a limited set of bacteria
2. Prebiotics, which stimulate microbial activity indiscriminately
EquiGut is neither. It uses highly concentrated, naturally occurring bacteriophages to balance the gut microbiome with precision, so unlike probiotics, which may struggle to colonise a horse’s gut or be expelled quickly, EquiGut works with the microbial landscape already present in the horse’s environment.
This makes it especially valuable for:
• Competitive horses under dietary or travel stress
• Horses recovering from antibiotics or illness
• Animals prone to colic, weight loss, or erratic behaviour
• Older horses with weakened immune systems
As Bio-Enhancement themselves put it:
With EquiGut, you're supporting your horse’s digestive health at its source –naturally, effectively, and sustainably.
In summary, Equi-Gut is a premium, liquid bacteriophagebased supplement that supports a stable, balanced digestive system by reducing overgrowth of harmful bacteria and encouraging the growth of beneficial microbes already present in the horse's gut.
Reported benefits:
1. Improved feed efficiency: Many owners report needing less concentrate as horses make better use of existing feed.
2. Stabilised digestion: Horses prone to bloating or diarrhoea often show signs of improvement.
3. Better focus and trainability: A settled gut can lead to a calmer, more responsive horse.
4. Shiny coat and improved condition: A glossier coat is often one of the first visible signs.
5. Fewer health interventions: A stable gut may reduce the need for frequent vet treatments.
How it is used:
• Dose: 1 litre per horse per day
• Application: Add to water troughs or buckets
• Sizes available: 5 litres (R99) and 25 litres (R375)
EQUI-GUT FOAL GUT STABILISER
Young foals face major digestive challenges. With a still-developing microbiome, they are highly sensitive to stress, diet changes, and infection. Equi-Gut Foal Gut Stabiliser offers gentle, targeted microbial support to help establish gut balance from the start.
Key benefits:
• Supports temperament and stress resilience
Use instructions:
• Seeds beneficial bacteria to promote immunity and digestion
• Improves feed efficiency and growth
• Manages diarrhoea and digestive upset
• Dose: 5ml per 25kg bodyweight
• Frequency: Once daily
• Method: Oral syringe preferred; can be mixed with feed
Stress, travel, and diet changes can easily tip the gut out of balance before shows. Equi-Gut’s shortcourse protocol helps maintain microbial stability during these peak periods.
Pre-show plan:
• Dose: 35ml per day by oral syringe
• Start: 3–5 days pre-event
Ideal for:
• Competition prep
• Nervous or colic-prone horses
• Horses transitioning between yards or diets
OTHER PRODUCTS IN THE EQUESTRIAN RANGE FROM BIO-ENHANCEMENT
Whilst Bio-Enhancement is most known by equestrians for their gut-focused products, their range also extends to skin care. Once again harnessing the power of bacteriophages they have two products Equi-Gel and Equi Wound Spray that work with the natural processes to heal wounds and skin issues.
We found that our horses' coats improved significantly, and we were able to reduce concentrate feed usage
– Mike McHardy, Rathmor Stud
EQUI-GEL
Equi-Gel is a powerful, organic wound care gel designed to support recovery from cuts, and skin infections in horses and livestock. It contains high concentrations of bacteriophages that help eliminate pathogens while supporting natural immune responses.
Applications:
• Open wounds
• Scratches and abrasions
• Fungal or bacterial skin conditions
• Irritated or inflamed areas
Benefits:
• Promotes clean, infection-free healing
• Reduces proud flesh and scar formation
• Safe for daily use across all animals
EQUI WOUND SPRAY
Equi Wound Spray offers the benefits of Equi-Gel in a fast, no-contact format. Ideal for hard-to-reach wounds or horses that resent handling, it combines ease of use with effective protection.
A NOTE ON BIOCAT
Benefits:
• Fast, no-touch application
• Speeds up wound healing
• Prevents infection
• Reduces swelling and discomfort
• Made from safe, natural ingredients
How to use:
• Clean wound
• Shake bottle and spray from 15–20cm
• Let air dry
• Repeat as needed
Perhaps one of the most innovative arms of the company is BioCat, a product line designed for waste transformation. Using microbial agents and enzymatic accelerators, BioCat converts manure, organic waste, and effluent into usable compost or reduced-sludge by-products. This not only supports farm sustainability, but also reduces odour, pathogen load, and environmental runoff – a gamechanger for horse owners.
WHY BIOENHANCEMENT?
• Expertise: Over three decades in biological science, bringing innovation from the lab to the paddock.
• Local roots, global reach: Based in South Africa, their products meet international standards and serve customers worldwide.
• Tested and trusted: Every batch is rigorously qualitycontrolled to ensure consistent results.
• Eco-conscious: Their technologies are a catalyst for sustainable productivity – increasing output while reducing ecological damage.
THE BIG PICTURE
Bio-Enhancement's equine range is part of a much larger commitment to sustainable, biology-based health.
They are redefining what it means to manage health in animals and ecosystems, using a toolkit built on precision biology, microbial stewardship, and respect for natural processes.
By focusing on the microbiome, using precise bacteriophage science, and avoiding unnecessary additives, this proudly South African company is offering a compelling set of products for the eco-conscious horse owner.
To learn more, visit: www.bioenhancement.co.za
Own the Ride. Trust the
At Tabard Equine, we know how important it is to keep your horse protected from ticks, flies and mosquitos. Our clinically formulated sprays and lotions offer long-lasting relief from irritation, helping your horse stay comfortable all season long.
THE RIDER FORMS THE HORSE.
– Alois Podhajsky (Director of the Spanish Riding School, Vienna)
YOUR EQUESTRIAN QUESTIONS ANSWERED
horse has changing scenery, new footing, and a natural forward draw – they’re alert and interested. In the arena, especially when the
sourness. Hacks can also be great opportunities to school, so practice some of your arena work while out on a walk and see how that goes.
OGILVY EQUINE REHABILITATION CENTRE - WHERE OUR PASSION IS EQUINE REHABILITATION AND OUR GOAL IS A SOUND AND HAPPY HORSE!
Situated in Pretoria East | Contact Anca Roode for more information on 082 736 0457
Is it okay to ride my horse in a halter or rope halter sometimes?
Absolutely – if your horse is safe, trained, and you're in a controlled environment, riding in a halter can improve your feel and your horse’s responsiveness. It’s not about how much gear you use, but how thoughtfully you use it.
However, in order to do this safely, your horse needs to understand voice cues and/or seat aids. These can be taught with or without a bridle, but if you opt to teach in a halter, just make sure you are in an enclosed arena or round pen and have someone with you for the first few rides. Good luck, and let us know how it goes!
I only ride three times a week. Can I still make progress?
Yes – consistency matters more than frequency. Three focused, thoughtful rides a week can bring about real
progress if you set clear goals. Use one day for fitness (e.g. hacking or polework), one for schooling (flat or jumping), and one for variety or connection (e.g. groundwork or stretching). Add in some light in-hand work on off days, and you’ll be surprised how much you can achieve even with a busy schedule!
What’s the best way to improve my horse’s canter transitions?
Quality trot creates a quality transition so focus on straightness, impulsion, and rhythm in the trot before you ask for the
canter. No horse can canter easily from a disorganised and messy trot. Use exercises like trot–walk–trot to sharpen responsiveness, and try for the canter asking on a slight curve or from the shoulder-fore to engage the inside hind. Keep your aids quiet and consistent – tension in your body often creates tension in theirs.
