city research and case study

INTD410 DESIGN-5

CITY RESEARCH DONE BY: JANNAT AHMED – 20186198 MASOOMA EBRAHIM – 20176285 HESSA KHALID – 20180874 KALTHAM MAKTOOB – 20182117 SEC: 01 INSTRUCTOR: DR. FATEMA ABDULAZIZ QAED

GENERAL INFORMATION SEOUL

Religions

Geographical location Han river

capital of South Korea It is located on the Han River (Han-gang) in the northwestern part of the country, with the city centre some 37 miles (60 km) inland from the Yellow sea (west).

Surrounded by eight mountains, as well as the more level lands of the Han River plain and western areas

4 major beliefs •

Confucianism and Buddhism are the most important

•

In the 18th century Christianity made inroads into Korea

•

while the ancient superstitions of shamanism still there

Climate What Language is spoken in Seoul Korean language, not just in this city but language spoken by more than 75 million people, of whom 48 million live in South Korea and 24 million in North Korea

?

climate is continental, with cold, sunny winters and hot, sultry and rainy summers.

The coldest month, January, has a mean temperature of about 26 °F (−3 °C) warmest month, August , has a mean temperature of about 78 °F (25 °C)

LIFESTYLE

SAFETY

SEOUL

South Korea is a very safe country to visit. Its crime rates is much low .You can put your phone and wallet on the table in a restaurant, go to the toilet and you will find your properties on the table.

GREAT WORK ETHICS Most Koreans have great work, you can say that they live to work and not work to live. South Koreans take education very seriously and it comes at no surprise that funding of science and technology in Korea is one of the highest in the world.

FOOD R ES P

C E T

Respect for age and status are very important in Korean culture, with hierarchy affecting all aspects of social interactions. Everyone has a role in society as a result of hierarchy - therefore it is vital to respect it.

Koreans are most comfortable interacting with someone they consider their equal.

Food is a huge part of the culture.

“Good food is good medicine” is one of the important viewpoints that South Korean medicine has always advocated for the purpose of improving its own healing ability.

Seoul is famous for food trucks, along with portable food booths, which are on the front line of the street food industry that serves an estimated 2.5 billion people every day.

COFFEE SHOPS The cafe culture here is huge. Cafes play a big part in everyday life in Korea. Seoul is known for having an incredible amount of cafes in a capital. It’s not just the sheer volume of cafes, but the part they play in a lifestyle. Cafes embrace the productivity aspect of why people come to visit, equipped with many open tables, power outlets, fast Wi-Fi and is very welcoming no matter what you decide to do.

S P O R T If you go to popular exercise locations like Hangang river which has a full cycle, running trail, basketball courts, tennis courts, and workout equipment, you’ll find these are greatly used with several communities around each one of them.

FOOD

IN SEOUL Grilled galbi Bibimbap Made from simple ingredients, this traditional South Korean dish comprises a bowl of white rice topped with various vegetables and meats, chilli paste, soy sauce and soybean paste. A fried egg usually completes the ensemble

Samgyetang Samgyetang, also known as ginseng soup, involves cooking a whole chicken stuffed with ginseng, jujube and rice in rich broth for several hours. The resulting soup is extremely flavourful and the entire culinary experience is incredibly comforting.

These beef short ribs are typically served raw and then cooked on a table-top grill before eating. The tender meat is prepared by using a marinade of soy sauce, sugar, garlic, ginger and sesame.

Jeon These savoury pancakes typically involve a mixture of meat and vegetables that are combined with a flour and egg batter. This is then fried in oil to create a crispy and moreish meal

.

Tteokbokki This much loved Korean street food consists of chewy rice cakes that are stirfried in chilli paste. The savoury, slightly spicy flavour makes tteokbokki the perfect snack and, as many South Koreans will tell you, they are a tried and tested hangover cure.

Kimchi No Korean meal is complete without kimchi – fermented cabbage seasoned with salted seafood, garlic, ginger and chilli. This classic side dish adds a tangy punch to any meal and is a staple in Korean cuisine.

Bulgogi Bulgogi, or Korean BBQ, is a true do-it-yourself affair and one of the most popular dining experiences in Seoul. Thin slices of raw marinated beef are presented to the table with an assortment of vegetables and other side dishes.

The meat is then cooked over a table-top grill or a flame BBQ.

Haemultang Haemultang is a traditional Korean seafood stew cooked in a spicy broth. Onions, bean sprouts and mushrooms can be added to the stew for additional flavor.

ART

IN SEOUL

03 01 TRADITIONSL VISUAL ART

1. Zen-style buddhist 2. Cast-bronze buddhas 3. Stone buddhist statues pagods

02 MODERN & CONTEMPORYVIUSAL ART

1. Honagdae 2. Mullae Arts village and HBC art

CERAMIC AND POTTERY

skilled potters turning out great celadon pottery with its characteristic green tinge

04 LITERATURE

Seoul has always been a city of writers

Seoul is sharply becoming a major center for contemporary Asian art and has long been the nexus of Korea’s spectacular range of arts..

DANCE & MUSIC

SEOUL

WHAT:

Popular Korean music, its a highly commercial industry throughout Asia. Contemporary K-pop is dominated by dance groups featuring young entertainers with the latest looks and dance skills.

HOW:

BROUGHT BY:

Kugak

brought to heights of excellence under the Lee kings of the Joseon Dynasty (Chosun Dynasty).

Pansori

WHAT:

Is now considered as the ideal traditional music in Contemporary South Korea.

WHAT:

Pungmul

is the traditional Korean Percussion music with the sound of drums.

K-pop is defined as a "fusion of synthesized music, sharp dance routines and fashionable, colorful outfits". Songs typically consist of one or a mixture of pop, rock, hip hop, R&B, and electronic music genres.

MODERN K-POP:

is marked by its use of English phrases. it's influenced by "Korean-Americans and/or Koreans who studied in the U.S who take full advantage of their English fluency and cultural resources that are not found commonly

DANCE & MUSIC SEOUL

Folk dance

K-pop dance

NAME:

WHAT:

Gemmu

ORGIN:

• Legendary sword dancer killed the king of the revival kingdom .

WHEN:

“Joseon dynasty”

STARTED:

5-thousand years ago.

CONNECTED TO:

• Religion: As a shamanistic ritual : as a funeral services to guide spirts into heaven.

• Royal court Showed up with the start of Korean kingdoms.

Ghost dance

PURPOSE:

“movement of storytelling”

HOW:

Dancer reunites with the dead spouse to experience grief / goodbye for the second time.

Hip-hop dances made through chirography

WHY:

• To embodied a sense of connection with their fans and fan-based community.

COLOURS SEOUL

In 2009 Seoul has introduced 10 signature Seoul Colours as part of an effort by the city government to live up its reputation as a trend-forward capital of Asia .By inspiring from its 600 years of history with a goal to create a balanced cityscape. Not just a celebration of the past, but an effort to have the rapidly developed city find its link with rich history.

Giwa Dark Gray (Seoul Dark Gray) Rustic Hanok roof tiles

Seoul Sky Blue (Seoul Blue)

Dancheong Red (Seoul Red)

traditional public architecture

Kkotdam Hwangto (Seoul Orange) Seoul taxis abstract from Gyeongbokgung Palace

Hangang Silver (Seoul White) Hangang River after frozen days

Eunhaeng Yellow (Seoul Yellow)

Namsan Green (Seoul Green)

Autumn Ginkgo trees

Conifers tress Namsan Mountain

Sambe Beige (Seoul Beige)

natural threads and old beige clothing

From wooden pillars and gates to wooden furniture and products into their homes Palace Brown (Seoul Brown)

Doldam Light Gray (Seoul Light Gray) Stone walls for romantic spot

PATTERNS

SEOUL

The patterns of Seoul, Korea has evolved and changed through out the years & different disnity that ruled the country..

THE THREE KINGDOMS PERIOD:

1.

1. patterns showed distinctive Korean styles 2. influenced by Chinese culture and Buddhist art.

Because the three kingdoms were in the same cultural zone

2.

3.

JOSEON DYNASTY PERIOD:

GORYEO PERIOD:

UNIFIED SILLA PERIOD:

In the mid 7th century, Silla unified the three kingdoms and created a new national culture.

1.

During this period, Buddhism art especially flourished.

As trade with the countries bordering Western China, Unified Silla introduced new crafting technologies and styles.

the floral medallion motif pattern

Since Goryeo endorsed Buddhism as the state religion, and continued the legacy of the society of the prosperous Unified Silla aristocracy based on rich Buddhist traditions •

2.

Buddhist art flourished.

Goryeo patterns tended to be more colorful.

clouds, lotuses, and cranes

1.

2.

Joseon art was not a product of previous traditionally trained skills, but rather was an independent development from previous traditions.

Characteristic of the period was the

•

'GIL SANG’

pattern, which are translated as lucky signs

PATTERNS

SEOUL

Different types

WHAT? faces or shapes of humans, mountain gods, Buddha, the Four Devas. Many of those patterns are INFLUENCED BY? Korean past history and culture like Buddhism.

BELEVIES: • if they pursued for virtue while they lived, they could rise to sky riding a cloud or attain Buddha-hood.

RIGINATED:. from Chinese myth but instead of looks threatening in Korea looks humorous and human.

•

represent dragon's divine spirit.

Dokkaebi pattern

Tiger WHAT? Animals who give goodness or fear to human.

When animal are represented as pattern they were not only real existent but also symbol made from human's spirit

THREE SHAPES. 1. first shape: is clouds being blown in the wind 2. second shape: is clouds floating in the sky 3. third is scattered and dotted clouds

WHAT: richness.

WHER & WHEN? In Korea fish pattern could be searched stones near residential area in New Stone Age.

WHAT: third of the 12 Chinese zodiac animals WHY? it could prevent harmful disease.

Joseon Dynasty period they attach picture drawn tiger pattern in gate to prevent evil.

WHAT? Sun, moon, and stars.

Landscapes and strangely shaped rocks are also common.

SYMBOLIZE? longevity, because of their immutability.

FASHOIN

IN SEOUL TRADITIONAL CLOTHES :-

Hanbok is simply the name to describe traditional Korean clothing in its entity. The hanbok is then made up of various components that all come together to make the “hanbok”.

ACCESSIORES :Binyeo (Hangul: 비녀) was a traditional ornamental hairpin -Women in the royal family had dragon or phoenix-shaped Binyeo -ordinary women had trees or Japanese apricot flowers.

Women's Traditional Hanbok consist of jeogori, which is a shirt or a jacket, and chima dress, which is a wrap around skirt that is usually worn full

Daenggi is a traditional Korean ribbon made of cloth to tie and to decorate braided hair.

Norigae (Hangul: 노리개) A man's hanbok consists of jeorgori (jacket) and baggy pants that are called baji.

was a typical traditional accessory for women, and there were no differences determined by social status.

-Danghye were decorated with trees bearing grapes, pomegranates, peonies: these were symbols of longevity.[99]

-Kunghye for a woman in the royal family -Onhye:for an ordinary woman

SPORT

IN SEOUL Most South Koreans enjoy football and baseball. Some of their more traditional sports include bull fighting, wrestling and kite flying. kite flying is considered a sport for the most part of south korean.

Tae Kwon Do

Jokgu

a self defense discipline that originated in Korea

a Korean sport which resembles a mix of football and volleyball

Ssireum a folk wrestling style and traditional national sport of Korea, with the aim to bring any part of the opponent's body above the knee to the ground

ENVIRONMENT

•

SEOUL

•

Seoul is usually described as having a continental climate with distinct seasons. Its climate consists of warm and humid summers and short, dry, and cold winters.

Seoul is currently facing several significant issues of air pollution (which negatively affects air quality), water pollution (industrial effluent), and high greenhouse gas emissions.

These factors combined all raise concerns over the environmental accountability of Seoul, South Korea.

Seoul is surrounded by water on three sides and has various climate zones and high precipitation. These conditions lead to a diversity of wildlife..

Cranes

Amur Leopard

Asian Black Bear

Siberian Musk Deer

Lynx

Korean goral

Water Deer

Wild Boar

•

The long, hot, humid summer is favourable for the development of extensive and varied vegetation. Some 4,500 plant species are known. Forests once covered about twothirds of the total land area, but, because of fuel needs during the long, cold winter and the country’s high population density, the original forest has almost disappeared.

camphor trees

camellias

maples

birches

LANDMARK & SEOUL MUSEUM

KIMCHI MUSEUM

The Kimchi Field Museum was Korea's first food Museum

Located: Yongsan, In the heart of the Seoul Type: history and art museum Size: 295.551 sqm Visitors: 3,476,606

THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF KOREA

The museum has been committed to various studies and research activities in the field of archaeology, history, and art to

In 2015, it was selected by CNN as one of the world's best food museum .

Exhibit focused on food's history, its many historical and religious varieties and its importance to Korean culture and cuisine

Continuously developing a variety of exhibition and education programs three of the museum is one of the favorite activities in Seoul

One of the largest museums in Asia

Over 100,000 people visit the museum each year

THE MUSEUM HAS THREE SECTIONS: 1- Displays the history of kimchi in the Korean Peninsula 2-Shows visitors how the dish is made and what type of nutritional benefits it has 3- Explains how do geography climate and time of the year affect the type kimchi made and consumed

THE MUSEUM IS DIVIDED INTO THREE FLOORS : 1-The ground floor contains parks: garden of Indigenous plants, waterfalls and pools

2-The second floor contains the donation gallery and calligraphy and painting gallery

3-The third floor contains the sculpture and craft gallery

4-The first floor is the prehistory and Asian has said a gallery

LANDMARK & SEOUL MUSEUM

was not install large railings to block people from climbing over the edge but instead to transform it into the bridge of life making in the fridge an interactive experience that displays happy thoughts and messages of hope as people work by

GYEONGBOKGUNG PALACE

HAN RIVER OR (HANGANG)

WHEN AND WHERE: Built in 1395

WHAT:

Was the first and largest of the royal palaces built during the Joseon Dynasty.

The 4th longest river on the Korean peninsula

WHY IT’S IMPORTANT:

located at the heart of newly appointed capital of Seoul (then known as Hanyang) and represented the sovereignty of the Joseon Dynasty.

The three kingdom of Korea to take control of this land where there ever was used as a trade route to China via the Yellow Sea

WHAT: Gyeongbokgung served as the main palace of the Joseon Dynasty

Japanese invasion of 1592 to 1589 during this time this Palace was destroyed by fire and left in the ashes

the ruins of Gyeongbokgung were abandoned for the next 270 years.

In 1868 was rebuilt and restored as an icon of Korea with help from Heungseon also known as Prince Regent .

The royal resident was built differently as it's stood 270 years earlier.

FACT: Seoul bridge of Life curbs suicide attempt with happy thoughts the map of bridge nicknamed The Bridge of Death South Korea has the highest suicide rate among the 20 centuries for the past 18 years

a statue of two friends called just once again shows an elderly man consoling and apparently depressed man

ARCHITECTURE

SEOUL Hanok design?

How hanoks are made?

•

Hanoks consist of a prefabricated wooden frame structure that is assembled on location.

•

.They are designed with the residents’ needs landscape and geographical location in the country.

•

passive cooling is provided by cross ventilation,

•

shading from a wide projecting roof, and protection from radiant heat by a roof structure with large thermal mass

• “Bang” rooms are equipped with a floor heating system,

•

“Ondol” The system consists of a fireplace, which is built at one side of the building, and is used as a stove for the preparation of food and hot water.

Well, adapted to Seoul climate?

•

Physical and visual harmony between the architecture and nature around it is an essential factor.

•

The architecture is not of sole importance in the design and construction of hanok. What is more important is how the hanok relates to the holistic environment around it.

•

made using natural materials, such as wood and earth.

•

No artificial material is used in their construction, so these homes are 100% natural, biodegradable and recyclable

What are hanoks made from?

ARCHITECTURE

SEOUL

Design techniques?

energy conservation.

1.

2.

The overhang of the roof is specially designed to prevent the sunlight in the summer from entering the interior of the hanok, thus keeping it cool in the blistering heat.

During the bitter winter months, because of the angle of the overhang and the lower sun, the sunlight can penetrate a part of the interior to provide heat to its occupants and, by doing so, decrease the amount of fuel needed to heat the hanok.

A truly multi-purpose space.

1.

The walls inside the building can be raised, to change the size and shape of the interior, making rooms smaller or larger

Heavy roof rests on the wooden frame structure of the building, no support is needed by the outer walls, 1.

so during the summer months, if the occupants wish to do so, they can elevate the outer walls to lower the temperature of the interior.

INTERIOR DESIGN

SMART LIVING SPACE

SEOUL

smart living space in Korea interior design style is usually very smart and neat to arrange to take advantage of as much area as possible. The interesting feature that can be mentioned in living space according to Korean interior design is a cozy floor seat or high bookshelves

Korean Interior design style is quite prominent in Asia because of its delicate beauty, elegance, and modernity

COLOR SCHEME Korean style often prefers are neutral colours such as white, beige, milky brown, light yellow. These colours are not only used for wall painting but they also applied to the furniture

MATERIALS One of the characteristics of Korean interior design style is the use of light wood furniture to create a sense of space becoming more open and airy wood resonance with natural light will bring freshness and serenity to a space

Korea is also famous for the traditional Hanok architecture built with natural materials such as wood, mud, stone

TECHNOLOGY SEOUL

Songdo Seoul the Smart City

Automatic retail shopss

Amazon’s investment in automated retail during the pandemic, part of the new The Hyundai Seoul shopping centre

Street screens An enormous screen that plays realistic waves on a loop in the middle of the city. sight of ocean waves breaking on the shore during their lunch hour,

the city of the future •

•

super-fast internet is home to global technology companies. the Songdo International Business District (IBD) - is an experiment: the creation of a “smart city”

LANDSCAPE AND CITY SITE SEOUL

Hangang River The Han River is one of the main freshwater sources in South Korea. It also has a lot of wildlife such as catfish and migratory birds. known as a great place to ride bikes, have picnics and watch late night light

Gwanaksan Mountain city natural park since 1968 , Featuring many rocky peaks, deep gorges and hiking trails, this area features lush forests and spectacular cherry blossoms.

Dobongsan Mountain Bukhansan National Park Place to connect with nature and enjoy hiking trails that can be easily completed within a day . provides excellent access to a wide range of flora and fauna nestled amongst the beautiful gorges and granite peaks

Seoul forest Pine trees of Namsan Mountain series of parks situated in the centre of Seoul , One area of the natural space is the Eco Forest which is a natural habitat areas for all types of wildlife including deer, elks, chipmunks, ducks and many more species.

Achasan Mountain The Cherry Blossom Path in Namsan Park is the longest trail of cherry trees anywhere in the city and is spectacular in full bloom.

Surrounded by pine trees, features walking trails and also numerous ruins along the way

CASE STUDY SECOND HOME LONDON OFFICE

DONE BY: JANNAT AHMED – 20186198 MASOOMA EBRAHIM – 20176285 HESSA KHALID – 20180874 KALTHAM MAKTOOB – 20182117 SEC: 01 INSTRUCTOR: DR. FATEMA ABDULAZIZ QAED

CASE STUDY SECOND HOME

2- Concept & purpose :

1- General information Name: Second Home London office Location: London/ United kingdom Designer / architect: Selgascano Area: 2,400 sq. meters Project year: 2014

Site analysis:

A collaborate shared space “co-working” Aka: (stimulus for interdisciplinarity & exchange of ideas) It act as a “neighbourhood” Small scale – related to technology – flexible Which is dissolved in a “homespun air” While still being able to achieve the unavailable needs of any working space.

N E

W S

A lot of people spend more time at work than at their own homes, so the idea was to improve the space where you pass a lot of time in your life.

CASE STUDY

SECOND HOME

Components Analysis

Ground Floor Plan

1- Main entrance 2- Greenhouse bar 3- Shop 4- Meeting room 5- Office

First Floor Plan

6- Courtyard 7- Shared workspace 8- Void 9- Coffee bar 10- Multi-purpose space

CASE STUDY SECOND HOME Ground Floor Plan

Bubble diagram & Circulation

Ground Floor Plan Green house bar

Shop

Meeting room Main Entranc e

First Floor Plan Void

Courtyard

Weak Medium Strong

Coffee bar

Shared workspace

Multipurpose space

First Floor Plan

Office

CASE STUDY

6- Colour Scheme :

5- Design Element

8- Finishing & lighting fixtures :

& Principle :

Wall :

Design Elements :

Floor:

Ceiling & Floors

1-Combination of curvy and straight lines

.Wool carpet .Rubber

Hallways

-Smooth texture 3-Bright colours

Ceiling:

Café Non-uniformed “mismatched” & vintage chairs

Common Area

2-Asymmetrical balance

(no one chairs is found twice)

Bright colours with specific one for each function , to integrate the events, the floor, and the counter in one piece

.

7- Materials & Furniture :

Design principles : 1-hierarchy

.Plastic .Paint .Glass

. wood wool ceiling panels.

Artificial light: Natural light: -Through the use glass, the building have large windows , sunlight is able to penetrate

They use different type of artificial light to create the mood that they want for reading , working , such as: -Hidden light -Task light -Pendant light

INTERIOR ANALYSIS Single spaces

Work Spaces

Large spaces • •

Common spaces Uses by any member

Studios (5-7-10) people Large studios (20) people

Through: 7 meeting rooms

Rest areas (reading – chatting)

Mixed area (work –events)

Café bar

Flying u-table This table can rises to the ceiling with flexible secured on legs ((stability)) To revel a clean-space

For: Yoga – parties – morning Pilates – conferences – music & cinema

Bubble like plastic transparent partisans

Interior to exterior Space Orange plastic tunnel

•

Aka – green house

•

Moving the rear walls Brining them to desk level

Canteen restaurant = an informal workspace

Relationship with the neighbours

Details: Curvy seating bank forms around the façade with: • •

glossy orange paint Mismatched chairs

Curved ceiling + exterior seating projection • •

To give the members the sense of outdoors with the comfort on the indoors Change in view to motivate the workers & make ethe space more informal

Interior to exterior Space

Line at every office edge - Over a thousands To nature the unhealthy plants all over the space + Grow certain plants for the members needs + and four person-days of specialist care per week.

INTERIOR construction

SECOND HOME

Why not a simple construction?

Orthogonal + Original pillars layout

Complex Dense + Sooth Continues

The answer?

Economical + relate to the concept 1.

2.

3.

4.

Every corner is occupied with workers Every corner is filled with sunlight All spaces are easily accused No waste spaces

FINDINGS SECOND HOME

Permeant visual & physical fluidity: Helped stopped the felling of being lost - locked

Full control of sound: • •

Use of absorbent materials (carpets-ceiling) Continues plastic curve (spreads sound in all directions)

Use of continuity: Adding strength by making the space as a whole appearing united – larger & endless.

Use of transparency & reflections: Simplify the space to Open – cosy – infante feel

Positive points

It didn’t become a “maze of complexity”

negative points •

Colours may be bright and fun yet lots of people might find them chaotic and “toomuch” especially with the members with visual sensitivity that cause headraces.

•

the lack of completely private spaces.

•

Lack of formal spaces especially in comparison to the amount of informality provided.

CASE STUDY SECOND HOME

9.Biophilia activity base working space analysis

Biophilic design was implemented in different ways throw the and quirky interiors lines and tones of 1000 plants which feels like members of Second Home

plants than people

Glass windows and walls

Set up quiet corners

Interior planting scheme

CASE STUDY SECOND HOME

9.Biophilia activity base working space analysis Layout of interior/ spaces: curved paths and zones

Organic shapes

Trees outside

Spiral stairs

REFRENCES CITY RESEARCH

1. Wooyoung Lee,2018,CITY OF COLOR, [ONLINE ]Available at <:http://magazine.seoulselection.com/2018/03/29/city-of-color/ Accessed14Sep2021

6. Wild Ark,2017,Finding Nature in Your City: Seoul[ONLINE ]Available at< https://medium.com/wildark-journal/finding-naturein-your-city-seoul-1c1b9d98d71> Accessed15Sep2021

2. Cahn Lee, 2021,Seoul , [ONLINE ]Available at< https://www.britannica.com/place/Seoul> Accessed14Sep2021

7. https://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/AKR/AK_ENG_2_2.jsp 8. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbok

3. Lonely Plannet , Religion & Culture, [ONLINE ]Available at< https://www.lonelyplanet.com/south-korea/seoul/background/otherfeatures/35842274-552f-4dfd-8d87-104ac19ad662/a/nar/35842274552f-4dfd-8d87-104ac19ad662/357441> Accessed15Sep2021 4. FLORENCE CHONG,2019, City Focus: Seoul – Digital city , [ONLINE ]Available at :< https://realassets.ipe.com/city-focus-seoul-digital-city/10034657.article> Accessed15Sep2021 5. WE digital magazine,2019, The Songdo IBD Wants to say goodbye to cars , Available at <: https://www.webuildvalue.com/en/megatrends/thesongdo-ibd-wants-to-say-goodbye-to-cars.html> Accessed122Sep2021

9. https://ar.hotels.com/go/south-korea/great-korean-dishes 10. https://www.britannica.com/art/Korean-art/Unified-or-GreatSilla-period-668-935

11. https://www.lonelyplanet.com/southkorea/seoul/background/other-features/ae433bc5-1166-4bc18492-96fd69ac8e2b/a/nar/ae433bc5-1166-4bc1-849296fd69ac8e2b/357441 12. https://www.topendsports.com/world/countries/korea.htm

REFRENCES CASE STUDTY

1. Archdaily ,2015 , Second Home London Office / Selgascano[ONLINE ]Available at< https://www.archdaily.com/769707/second-home-londonoffice-selgascano > Accessed16Sep2021 2. DIVISARE ,2016, SELGASCANO SECOND HOME LONDON OFFICE [ONLINE ]Available at:< https://divisare.com/projects/281782selgascano-iwan-baan-second-home-london-office> Accessed16Sep2021 3. https://www.architectmagazine.com/project-gallery/second-home_o 4. https://www.dezeen.com/2014/12/08/second-home-selgascanolondon-office-orange-tunnel-flying-table/ 5. https://divisare.com/projects/281782-selgascano-iwan-baan-secondhome-london-office