Food Security In India Essay

INTRODUCTION:

In this era of globalization, where we talk about world friendship–brotherhood and world peace, where we intervene in a country, where democracy is not working well, where military spending is increasing day by day. Where first world country like USA throwing their surplus food at Atlantic, then millions of people are dying from hunger in Africa. What kind of justice is this? Is this called free economy, is this called brotherhood, is this called spreading peace all over the world?

Food security is also a difficult issue like this matter.

Bangladesh is one of the developing countries of 3rd world and half of its people can not get food twice a day. Though Bangladesh is a agricultural country, still it has to...show more content... But still experts and people of world are concerning and trying to induce the productivity and for proper distribution. So that, we can ensure food security for all.

Bangladesh as a developing country also trying to contribute to reduce the imbalance of food security. But because of so many lacking, Bangladesh cannot move forward. Though they have taken so many initiatives for food security recently, but those are not sufficient comparatively to our growing population.

Although food grain is more available in good harvest years, Bangladesh as a whole still has a very low level of nutrition. This means many households and individuals do not eat a balanced, nutritious diet, even in good years. According to the World Bank, approximately 33 million of the 150 million people in Bangladesh cannot afford an average daily intake of more than 1800 kilocalories (the minimum standard for nutrition as set by the World Food Program). For people in most developing countries, the daily calorie average is 2,828. In Bangladesh, that average is only 2,190.

Poverty is the major factor effecting food security in Bangladesh. Despite the impressive increases in food grain, around half of Bangladeshis

remain below the established food based poverty line. And, as many as one third are living in extreme poverty and severely undernourished. Recent food

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Listening to conversations about food on campus, I found that there was a common theme last year: it was difficult to find healthy food on campus. I think we'll find that to be less of the case this year, especially with N–Rich recently opening in the Union, and a new service called Instacart that will deliver groceries to campus. However, despite an expanded variety of options to purchase fresh fruits and vegetables, the problem of food insecurity has hardly been addressed. Food insecurity is the "state of being without reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food," according to the Oxford Dictionary. It is a widespread problem on college campuses across the nation. While food insecurity only impacts 14% of households, 48% of college students claim to be food insecure. This problem disproportionately impacts first generation college students, students of color, and students who need financial aid, as noted by the National Student Campaign Against Hunger and Homelessness. Today, these students still have few resources to address this problem. Last year, I was excited to see N–Rich open. I toured inside and out, and saw that it increased my options to buy healthy food on campus. Though there's valid argument that N–Rich's variety is small, for the first time in my college career, I did not have to travel over a mile to buy an onion. N–Rich opens up options for students with more meal plan money than they need. But for students who need to ration

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Food Insecurity Nutrition is important for healthy life. Many people are still hungry around the world even though there is mass production of food. This is because of unhealthy food production. In today's world we see many obese people because of high intake of high fat and cholesterol containing food. It is important to have a healthy diet/ nutritional intake for individuals to have good foundation for physical and mental health. Now a day's healthy food is getting more expensive rather than unhealthy food. Poor people are forced to eat unhealthy food, while the rich can afford to eat whatever the please. Food insecurity is caused by individuals not having healthy food for their families due to their low income or political and...show more content...

Even in developed country like The United States of America food security is a major problem. In the article "Association of Household and Community Characteristics with Adult and Child Food Insecurity among Mexican–Origin Households in Colonias along the Texas–Mexico Border" author Sharkey et.al supports that over population of Mexicans, living in colonies along the Texas– Mexico border causes food insecurity. Because of the Overpopulation on the texas–mexico border there is low availability of healthy food, causing people to eat junk food which lacks of nutritional value, and has high amount of sugar, fat, cholesterol. Food insecurity causes health issues such as obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and early mortality among young single mothers. According to author Christine A. Stevens young single mothers are affected by food insecurity in two ways "first, the stress of food insecurity can lead to compounding issues of depression for this mother, second, food choice." Factors that assist these problems are socioeconomic status and the ability to obtain adequate nutrition. These young single mothers do not have enough money to give nutritional food to their families. With limited money they do not have a choice for nutritional food and according to Stevens are forced to buy "inexpensive, high fat, high carbohydrates food" (Stevens 163). In

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The Importance Of Food Security

As global cities continue to expand, food demand in cities is going to rise as well. Food security in high rises is a complicated process. People claiming to not have enough food while others carelessly throw food away. With the increase of population in cities and food waste, natural resources including water, land and energy, are going to decline andfood security is unlikely to be achievable and sustainable. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, Wastedfood accounts for about 2% of greenhouse gas emissions, 35% of freshwater consumption, 31% of cropland and 30% of fertilizer usage (USA Today). According to the Food andAgriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, food security is defined as a situation that exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life (FAO, 2011). Whereas food waste is simply food intended for consumption that is wasted along the food supply chain and cannot be used. To achieve and sustain food security, there is need to come up with food production technology that produce food with less waste for more people. The high percentage of food loss happens because of a long food supply chain of food, from initial production down to final household consumption. More than 40% of food is lost in the pre–consumption stage during harvest, drying, storage and transport (University of

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Background:

Food security is the access to safe food that is good for the body and promotes a healthy life. Food security includes having food available in sufficient quantities, having food access meaning that you can obtain it easily, utilization of food, and the stabilization that food brings. About 850 million people do not get enough to eat. That is 1 in 8 people that are hungry. 3.1 million children under 5 years old die because they were hungry and didn't have enough food security. Sub–Saharan Africa has the least amount of food security in the world. There are many causes to not having food security. One is poverty. Poverty causes people to not have enough money or enough land to get the sufficient amount of food that they need....show more content...

The UN created the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. One of these main goals was to diminish hunger and poverty. This includes the elimination food insecurity. The UN also created to 2030 UN Sustainable Development Goals. Two of the goals are zero poverty and no hunger. They are trying to stop any form of those by 2030. They also have a committee for food security called the Committee on World Food Security. This committee talks aboutnutrition topics and focuses on the causes of food security and how to combat them. The World Food Program contributes to obtaining continuous information about food security by doing assessments and surveys. They have done 555 in–depth assessments since 2001 and 20000+ surveys relating to food security. The WFP believes that information is key in finding out what individual country or community needs to secure food security in their area. The WFP, along with many organizations, use the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification to have updated information on various issues. There are many NGOs that help bring food security to communities such as One Village Transformed. This NGO has worked in places such as Bangladesh, Uganda, and Laos to bring safe drinking water, food availability, and food access to small communities. Bangladesh Rice and Diversified Crop Activity is an organization that helps improve food security and increase incomes in the Feed the Future, from USAID, zone. InterAction is another NGO

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Food Scarcity In India

Causes of Food Scarcity in India are:

– Needed of enhanced strategies of cultivation through science and technology

– Poverty and obliviousness of Indian formers

– Tillers are not in feasts and picnics

– Wastage of food in feasts and picnics

– Wastage of food in wrong procedure of cooking

– Wastage of food for ignorance of protecting strategy

– Need of cold storeroom

– Defective food habit

– Dishonesty of suppliers

– Extreme development of populace

The sorts of factors influencing agriculture yields are physical, economic, government and other factors. Physical factors incorporate atmosphere, soils and topography. Economic factors incorporate market, transport facilities, capitals and labour. Government factors including land utilization and developing specific yields. Other factors incorporate specific and technological development.

There are numerous natural factors that limit food security. The challenges to food security in India are crop diversification, bio–fuel and medical plant development, climate change, water accessibility, creation of high yielding varieties, agricultural costs and crop insurance issues. Food security is severely influenced by environmental change. The changing climate will impact the grain generation in various ways. For instance, the temporal and spatial varieties in precipitation incorporating rainfall may result in shortage of moisture stress. i.e drought season or excess moisture stress condition. These elements would likewise

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. Theoretical Review on Food Insecurity 2.1.1. Concepts and Definitions

1.Food Security

The concept of food security is dynamic, that is continuously incorporated new dimensions and levels of analysis overtime. This ongoing evolution of food security concept indicates the wider recognition of the difficulties of concept in different areas of research and public policy, for the reason that food security issue has long history starting from time when global food crisis take place in the first half of the 1970s (Clay, E. 2002).

Food security is historically defined as the overall regional, national as well as global food supply and shortfalls in supply as associated to requirements (Foster, 1992). The same author contended that, even though, the increased observation of differences in the sufficiency of food intake by certain groups despite overall adequacy of supply, the term has been applied recently at a local, household, or individual level and it has been widened beyond notions of food supply to include elements of access (Sen, 1981), vulnerability (Watts and Bohle, 1993), and sustainability (Chambers, 1989). Different organizations, scholars and institutions define food security differently. However, basic concept remains the same.

According to UN (1990), household food security defined as "The ability of household members to assure themselves sustained access to sufficient quantity and quality of food to live active and healthy life." FAO (1992) defines as food security is referred in terms of access to food, availability of food, and also in terms of resource distribution to produce food and purchasing power to buy food, where it is produced. Another definition given by USAID (1992) defines food security as: "when all people at all times have both physical and economic access to sufficient food to meet their dietary needs for a productive and healthy life." Based on this food security includes at a minimum the availability of nutritionally adequate and safe food, and assured ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways (such as without resorting to emergency food supplies, scavenging, stealing, or other coping strategies). According to World Bank

Introduction This task will look at what food security is as well its importance to a country, how food security helps the country maintain a sufficient amount of food for the country's population. I will briefly look at how the countries food security has changed over the years as well as how it will most likely change due to different factors like global warming and the increase in the population of the country over the years. Different grains and how they have been improved to adjust to the country's situation over the years as well as how these modification of these grains has effected not only the country but the environment and the people of this country. The advantages and disadvantages of these modifications to the grains will be discussed, ethical issues of these modifications will also be looked at and a decision on how all of these factors may affect the country will be looked at. What is Food Security? Food security is a concept in which a country or province has a sufficient amount of food that is both nutritious and comes at an affordable price. Food...show more content... The effect these crops have on the environment is also a large issue, issues such as the ability to contain the crops to one area have also come up, concerns such as having the GMO crops grow in different locations without the proper attention have risen. This cause people to ask questions such as will the modified foods have a negative effect on crops that have not been genetically modified, will they not stun the growth of these plants as well as if they may need a large amount of nutrients from the soil and therefore cause other plants to be unable to grow properly. These are all the questions that have risen over the years, although the concept of GMO is a fairly new discover is the crop industry of South Africa, it has shown a large impact on the country as well as the

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Food insecurity is a problem in the United States, though people may not realize that it effects people differently. When it comes to food insecurity, disparities are seen in a variety different populations. These populations are the ones who utilize food pantries and food assistance programs. Some of these populations include: children, older adults, rural populations, immigrants, and single–parents.

Food insecurity is a major problem for children because they are still developing both physically and mentally. Bellisle (2004) discusses how a lack of a nutritious diet can have severe effects on a child's cognitive ability as well as their behavior. He goes on further to explain that even in children with an adequate diet, there were still differences in their capacities compared to children were given the correct amount of nutrition. Food assistance programs are important for communities with families that cannot supply their children with enough food, as well as children who may be getting enough food, but not the correct nutrition. Skalicky, Meyers, Adams, Yang, Cook, and Frank (2006) add that children who experience food insecurity throughout their lives are more likely to have iron deficiency–anima than children who are food secure. They continue by explaining that it is even more difficult for children to obtain these resources themselves; they rely on their parents for support. If their parents are unable to provide the proper nutrition for them, food assistance

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Advantages Of Food Security

Food security is when people have access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food for an active and healthy life. However, food security faces major challenges like food wastage, poverty, terrorism, drought, pollution, soil erosion, climate change, etc. Over 200 years later, Malthus' prediction of food production not keeping up with population growth is proving to be correct. Two management strategies which could be used to improvefood security in the world are the introduction of insects to a person's diet and reducing food wastage.

Increased consumption of insects:

Advantages–

Consuming insects like crickets and mealworms provide similar levels of fat and protein as cattle, pork and poultry production and contain a more nutritional value. Insects have much higher levels of nutrients like calcium, iron, zinc, they also are rich in essential amino acids and omega–3 fatty acid which help to keep humans healthy. Researchers have suggested that entomophagy (the practice of eating insects) may be an effective way to combat obesity and its related diseases.The two thousand edible species of insects can contain up to 80% of protein which is the body's building blocks. Having contained more mineral iron than the standard serving of beef, insects can help reduce low iron in the human body which is the most common nutritional problem in the world.

Consuming insects is more ethical and environmentally friendly and leaves a smaller footprint on the environment than livestock. To

The Global Food Security Act was passed by Congress in 2016 during President Obama's office. The main issue of this act was the outstanding levels of hunger and malnutrition, not only in the United States but in several nations around the globe. Being that this issue also affects other aspects of society like high the levels of job demand, malnutrition, and low social performance. This bill consists of actions taken with the support of other nations to develop and implement food security strategies to promote wellness, nutrition, and suppleness not only in this country but in others as well. Notably, according to the ambassador Susan Rice, "As one of the wealthiest nations in this world, it is an obligation to lead the fight against...show more content...

Not to mention, countries like Italy, agree to implement these strategies to reduce reliance upon emergency food assistance, and creating good environments to obtain agricultural growth and promote investment from external and internal organizations. Also, according to Ambassador Rice, the first investment of the U.S. summed up to 3.5 billion dollars the first year and with the help of other donors it raised up to $18.5 billion more.

The impact that this policy has created, immensely alters the high numbers of poverty and helps to maintain them low. Therefore, most of the well–developed countries have dedicated to promoting some of the strategies mentioned above. They have also encouraged other institutions to endorse research and discovery of new methods to eliminate hunger and support to the ones suffering from poor food conditions. Providing that this policy was adopted from a legislative process. It was introduced in the Senate on May 7, 2015, and passed by Congress on July 6, 2016. The Obama administration, approved the Global Food Security Act and it was signed on July 20 of the same year. This action confirmed that the United States promises to work for stopping global hunger, poverty and child starvation. Until now, the cause has been supported by other institutions too and has been recognized for the huge impact it seeks to make in the population of the world. By the same token, several universities have contributed to Get

Introduction We love it, we hate it, we can't live without it. Sounds like the introduction to a love story, right? Well, I am actually discussing the matter of food; as humans, we constantly interacting with and learn from other humans. One thing we learn about is food. We learn things like culture and tradition or likes and dislikes. Let me continue with an example. In India, people collect fruits and vegetables during daylight–not at night (Meyer–Rochow, 2009). For what reason one might ask, why not just turn on field lights and make the most out of each day? Well, in India–specifically in Hindu culture–it is taboo to collect fruits and vegetables after sunset. According to Meyer–Rochow (2009), this dates back to a time when artificial light was non–existent and collecting fruits and vegetables at night put a person at risk of wild animal attacks or missing a branch while climbing a tree in the dark. Here, we begin to understand how food taboos originate, how they are continuously passed down through culture, and how adaptive food taboos can be. In the following pages, I will examine food taboos. Specifically, I will explain what food taboos are, why they exist, how we can look at them from a biological lens, and what biologically advantageous food taboos exist in societies across the globe. Why food taboos exist

Food is crucial to sustenance, but it serves more purpose than mundane nutrition. It can tell stories about history and culture and associate feelings of Get more content

Food Security Regulations

There are different levels of regulations for food security in Australia such as Federal, State, and local levels. Definition Food safety can be defined as a scientific regulation expressing treatment of food, its preparation, transportation and most importantly its labeling and storage in ways that blocks foodborne virus. This includes a number of practices that should be trailed to prevent possible food related health hazards in all the ways. Background A Policy is signed by the Australia and New Zealand Food Regulation Ministerial Council (Ministerial Council) which is used by the statutory authority Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) to develop food standards for the Australia and New Zealand Food Standards Code. (www.health.gov.au)...show more content...

(http://www.health.gov.au/ ) Food Regulation Agreement's main aim is to provide safe food panels to protect public health and safety; reduce the regulatory problems in the food business and provide economical compliance and enforcement measures; provide a consistent regulatory approach across Australia; recognize that food safety responsibility encompasses a variety of portfolios across all levels of government; support the joint Australia and New Zealand efforts to harmonies food standards; and facilitate harmonization of domestic and export standards and their harmonization with New Zealand and other international standards. Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) develops food standards in line with this policy, which are then published in the Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code. And this comes under Federal Level The Department of Agriculture administers relevant legislation at the border. All imported food must meet Australian quarantine requirements (under the Quarantine Act) and is then subject to the requirements of the Imported Food Control Act. Federal

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The food security of some developing countries remain stable with sufficient food to sustain the nations people.Many countries will continue depending on international trade to ensure their food security.The fight against hunger targets and deliberate action in the form of comprehensive social services, including food assistance, health and sanitation, as well as education and training; with a special focus on the most vulnerable.Climate change and increased biofuel production represent major risks for long–term food security.

Australia environmental challenges

The level of food scarcity in Australia is very low due to the availability of food. The volume of water available is determined mainly by rainfall. Rainfall is variable and in recent times many parts of Australia have experienced prolonged periods of drought. Water storage in dams and aquifers (underground storage) is important to secure water supplies for human use. Most of the water consumed in Australia is by theagriculture industry, which accounted for nearly two–thirds (65%) of total water consumed in 2004–05. Reduced water quality and flows can affect the agricultural and tourism industries and damage the plants and animals that rely on the water for food and habitat. Climate change, urban expansion and soil erosion challenges Australias food production as due to climate change, the water availability can be deducted. Urban expansion and soil erosion can create less land to grow food for a growing

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The Importance Of Food Security And Hunger

Have you ever wondered what starvation would feel like? Doing days without food and water? Not having secure food at all times affects a large amount of people across the world of every age, race and gender. Food security and hunger is based on people that are not able to obtain enough food to meet the daily minimum dietary requirements (Food and Agriculture Organisation 2017). Did you know that 11.3% of the world's population is hungry? That's roughly 805 million people who go undernourished on a daily basis, consuming less than the recommended 2,100 calories a day (dosomething.org 2016). Having food security is an important part of living, but there are many people out there who suffer on a daily basis without food. Food Security Food security have four connected elements: availability, access, utilisation and stability. Availability is about the food trade and supply. Access to food security involves the economic and physical access to food. Utilisation involves a person's health, diversity of a person's diet and how food affects people's nutrition status. Stability is having food security all the time. By not meeting these elements of food security, this has a major and negative outcome to people's lives. These negative outcomes involve food insecurity in children, teenage and adults include substandard academic performance, inadequate intake of key nutrients, poor health, increased risk of chronic disease, reduced disease management and poor psychological and

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In 2008 the United Nations declared a global food security crisis, but what exactly is food security? According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, food security "exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social, and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life" (FAO 2011). Based on the definition of food security, food insecurity is then defined as "a situation that exists when people lack secure access to sufficient amounts of safe and nutritious food for normal growth and development, and an active and healthy life" (FAO 2011). Food security and hunger are interrelated, but while there are around 852...show more content...

Because of the living and working conditions in rural areas, many rural people, especially young men and women, leave the area to try to make better lives for themselves in cities. This group of people comprise the next group affected by the global food security crisis, the urban poor. Those who leave often end up in low paying and dangerous jobs or not finding work at all. They end up living in slums and unable to leave hunger behind them at the farms. According to the FAO in the year 2000 there were 2 billion people living in urban cities, and that number is expected to double by the year 2030, meaning that the number or urban poor affected by the crisis is going to rise greatly (2011). One last group affected by the global food security crisis are victims of catastrophes. Floods, droughts, earthquakes, and other natural disasters destroy large areas and cause people to flee their homes and farms, leaving them without food. Victims of catastrophes are often not just facing food insecurity but outright famine. For those affected by the global food security crisis, their right to food is not the only human right that is being violated. According to the UN, "human rights are interdependent, indivisible, and interrelated" (righttofood.org 2011). This means that violating the right to food may impair the enjoyment of many other human rights. Some examples of human rights that are violated are

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Food security is defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) as "a condition in which all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life." According to Mustafa Koc's presentation, food security should be viewed as both a societal objective as well as a discourse where the need to for looking at the bigger picture is an evident theme. He explores reasons as to why there is food insecurity and alludes back to the fact that food is often seen as a commodity, not as a human right. This rights–based perception of food security relates to that presented in Oxfam's Handbook of...show more content...

Richard Choularton from the World Food Program stated that, "what is different now from 20 years ago is that far more people are living in places with a higher climate risk; 650 million people now live in arid or semi– arid areas where floods and droughts and price shocks are expected to have the most impact". In this way, the impacts of climate change on already vulnerable populations in terms of food security are immense. Research from the Mary Robinson Climate Justice Foundation finds that climate change is having a domino effect on food and nutrition security for the world's poorest and most vulnerable people. Climate change impacts will disproportionately fall on people living in tropical regions, and particularly on the most marginalized population groups. This is the true injustice of climate change: the worse impacts are felt by those who contribute least to causing the problem. There are four channels by which climate change affects food security. This first is temperature increase. As temperatures rise, heat stress is affecting plant yield. This lowers overall productivity. Higher temperatures also increase evaporation from plants and soils which increase water requirements while lowering the amount of water available. The second is changing patterns. In many places, growing Get

Indian Food

The traditional food of India has been widely appreciated for its fabulous use of herbs and spices. Indian cuisine is known for its large assortment of dishes. The cooking style varies from region to region. India is quite famous for its diverse multi cuisine available in a large number of restaurants and hotel resorts, which is reminiscent of unity in diversity. The staple food in India includes wheat, rice and pulses with chana (Bengal Gram) being the most important one. To know more about the Indian traditional food, read on.

Indian cuisine is characterized by the use of various spices, herbs and other vegetables, and sometimes fruits grown in India and also for the widespread practice of vegetarianism in Indian society....show more content...

The bhaaji is served in the plate on the right hand side while the chutney, koshimbir are served from left going up the periphery of the circular plate. The papad, bhaji are served below the koshimbir with the rice and poli served at the bottom of the circle closed to the diner's hand. The puran is served at the top in the inner concentric circle. The amti, rassa is served in separate bowls placed on right hand side of the diner. Water is placed on the left hand side. It is considered ill mannered to use left hand while eating

Gujarati Food

The traditional Gujarati food is primarily vegetarian and has a high nutritional value. The typical Gujarati thali consists of varied kinds of lip smacking dishes. Gujarati cuisine has so much to offer and each dish has an absolutely different cooking style. Some of the dishes are stir fry, while others are boiled. Gujarati food is more often served on a silver platter. Gujaratis use a combination of different spices and flavors to cook their meals and this is what makes their food truly exotic.

The traditional Gujarati thali mostly encompasses rotli, dal or kadhi, sabzi also known as shaak and rice. People in Gujarat eat one or the other type of curry along with rice and roti in almost every meal Gujarati dishes usually have a very subtle taste that makes it truly distinct from other Indian cuisines. Lot of emphasis is laid on maintaining hygiene while cooking. Most of the Gujarati