Case Study No. 11- Hydroelectric Power Plant in the Philippines

ADAMSON UNIVERSITY 50123: CE428C WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING CASE STUDY NO. 11-HYDROELECTRIC POWERPLANTS IN THE PHILIPPINES PRESENTED BY:

PRESENTED TO:

C O R P U Z , T H E R E S E K I A N A P. MENDIOLA, HANNAH MARIZ G. S U E L L O , K H E N E M E R S O N T.

DR. TOMAS U. GANIRON, JR

HYDROELECTRICITY

- is electricity produced from hydropower.

HOW IT WORKS ?

Hydropower plants capture the energy of falling water to generate electricity. A turbine converts the kinetic energy of falling water into mechanical energy. Then a generator converts the mechanical energy from the turbine into electrical energy.

HOW IT WORKS ?

HISTORY The history of hydropower started over 2000 years ago, when water wheels were being used by the ancient Greeks to grind grain.

It was not until the Middle Ages that the technology was spread to Europe.

Hydroelectric power was also important during the industrial revolution at the beginning of the 1800’s and provided mechanical power for textile and machine industries.

The most important year in hydropower history was in 1831 when the first electric generator was invented by Michael Faraday. This laid the foundation for us to learn how to generate electricity with hydropower almost half a century later, in 1878.

HISTORY The first hydroelectric power plant, located in Appleton, Wisconsin, began to generate electricity already in 1882. The power output was at about 12.5 kW. 7 years later, in 1889, the total number of hydroelectric power plant solely in the US had reached 200.

In the 19th century, these power plants got an increased amount of commercial attention and was built rapidly in suitable areas all over the world. 1936 marks an important year – the largest hydroelectric power plant, the Hoover Dam, was opened and generated 1345 MW (installed capacity later increased 2080MW) from the flowing water in the Colorado River.

HISTORY During the first half of the 1900’s hydropower became the world’s most important source of electricity.

In 2008, Three Gorges Dam in China was built. This is the largest power plant at current date, generating 22.500 MW, adding to China’s installed hydroelectric capacity of 196.79 GW (2009).

HYDROELECTRIC POWERPLANTS IN THE PHILIPPINES •Agusan Dam

•Lumot Dam

•Angat Dam

•Magat Dam

•Binga Dam •Bustos Dam •Caliraya Dam

•Pantabangan Dam •Pulangi Dam

•Casecnan Dam •San Roque Dam 7

AGUSAN DAM OFFICIAL NAME

Agusan Hydroelectric Plant

LOCATION

Libona, Bukidnon

TYPE OF DAM

Concrete Flow

IMPOUNDS

Agusan River

ANGAT DAM OFFICIAL NAME

Angat Dam

LOCATION

Norzagaray, Bulacan

TYPE OF DAM

Concrete Water Reservoir Embankment Hydroelectric

IMPOUNDS

Angat River

BINGA DAM OFFICIAL NAME

Binga Hydroelectric Power Plant

LOCATION

Itogon, Benguet

TYPE OF DAM

Storage, Earth and Rock fill

IMPOUNDS

Agno River

BUSTOS DAM OFFICIAL NAME

Bustos Dam Angat Afterbay Regulator Dam

LOCATION

Bustos, Bulacan

TYPE OF DAM

Irrigation Dam

IMPOUNDS

Angat River

CALIRAYA DAM OFFICIAL NAME

Kalayaan PumpedStorage Project

LOCATION

Lumban, Laguna

TYPE OF DAM

Embankment Dam

IMPOUNDS

Caliraya River

CASECNAN DAM OFFICIAL NAME

Casecnan Irrigation and Hydroelectric Plant

LOCATION

Rizal, Nueve Ecija

TYPE OF DAM

Multi-purpose Dam

IMPOUNDS

Casecnan Irrigation and Power Generation Project

LUMOT DAM OFFICIAL Lumot River Dam NAME

LOCATION

Cavinti and Lumban, Laguna

TYPE OF DAM

Embankment Dam

IMPOUNDS

Caliraya River

MAGAT DAM OFFICIAL NAME

Magat Dam

LOCATION

Ifugao and Isabela

TYPE OF DAM

Rock-fill Dam

IMPOUNDS

Magat River

PANTABANGAN DAM OFFICIAL NAME

Pantabangan Dam

LOCATION

Pantabangan, Nueva Ecija

TYPE OF DAM

Embankment, Earth-fill Dam

IMPOUNDS Pampanga River

PULANGI DAM OFFICIAL NAME

Pulangi IV Hydroelectric Power Station

LOCATION

Maramag, Bukidnon

TYPE OF DAM

Gravity, Embankment Dam

IMPOUNDS

Pulangi River

SAN ROQUE DAM

OFFICIAL NAME

San Roque Dam

LOCATION

Pangasinan and Benguet

TYPE OF DAM

Embankment Dam

IMPOUNDS

Agno River

ADVANTAGES:

•I t i s a c l e a n e n e r g y s o u r c e .

•N o F u e l C o s t •I t i s r e n e w a b l e .

•L o w O p e r a t i n g C o s t s a n d l i t t l e Maintenance •L o w E l e c t r i c i t y C o s t

•N o G r e e n h o u s e G a s E m i s s i o n s / A i r P o l l u t i o n

ADVANTAGES:

•E n e r g y S t o r a g e •S m a l l S i z e P o s s i b l e •R e l i a b i l i t y •H i g h L o a d F a c t o r •L o n g L i f e •I t i s s t a b l e a n d r e l i a b l e .

•I t i s s a f e r t h a n o t h e r e n e r g y s o u r c e s .

•I t o f f e r s o p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r r e c r e a t i o n a n d tourism.

DISADVANTAGES: •E n v i r o n m e n t a l , D i s l o c a t i o n a n d T r i b a l R i g h t s .

•W i l d l i f e a n d F i s h e s g e t A f f e c t e d •E a r t h q u a k e V u l n e r a b i l i t y •S i l t a t i o n •T a i l R i s k , D a m F a i l u r e •C a n n o t b e B u i l t A n y w h e r e •L o n g G e s t a t i o n T i m e

DISADVANTAGES: •I t •I t •I t •I t •I t

is expensive to build. can cause environmental damage. can lead to drought. c a n c a u s e i n s u f f i c i e n t s u p p l y o f w a t e r. can cause floods to low-lying regions.

PROBLEMS • UPSTREAM FLOODING, DESTRUCTION OF AGRICULTURAL AREAS AND ANIMAL HABITAT AND DISRUPTION OF COMMUNITIES IN AFFECTED AREAS HAVE AFFECTED THE ATTRACTIVENESS OF LARGE HYDROPOWER PROJECTS IN THE COUNTRY. • HIGH UPFRONT COST • CHALLENGES OF PRODUCING INDIGENOUS SOURCE OF FUEL IN WAYS THAT WOULD NOT HARM THE ENVIRONMENT.

SOLUTIONS • PROVIDING AWARENESS ON THE STATE OF PHILIPPINE HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENTS, INNOVATIVE ENGINEERING DESIGNS, TRENDS AND EMERGING RELATED TECHNOLOGIES, LESSONS AS WELL AS BEST PRACTICES TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT. • TO BUILD AND TO DEVELOP MINI-HYDROPOWER PLANTS IN SOME PARTS OF THE PHILIPPINES

REFERENCES:

http://www.wvic.com/content/how_hydropower_works.cfm https://energyinformative.org/the-history-of-hydroelectric-power/ http://www.orangesmile.com/extreme/en/impressive-dams/san-roque-dam.htm http://en.Wikipedia.org https://www.philstar.com/business/2014/08/22/1360206/phl-awash-hydropower-potential-needs-13b-investments https://www.philstar.com/business/2013/03/14/919299/doe-present-roadmap-hydropower-industry https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/how-hydroelectric-energy-works https://aboitizpower.com/generation/run-of-river-hydro/#hedcor https://www.rappler.com/business/industries/173-power-and-energy/116587-meralco-repower-joint-venturehydropower https://tunza.eco-generation.org/ambassadorReportView.jsp?viewID=43942

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