Case Study No. 6-Road and Drainage Improvement Project in Caloocan City

Case Study No. 6Road and Drainage Improvement Project in Caloocan City CE 428 – WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING Submitted by:

Submitted to:

MORSIQUILLO, HAZEL

DR. TOMAS U. GANIRON, JR

TOLERAN, MATTHEW VIOLETA, RYAN

YAMBAO, CHRISTIANE KATE

HISTORY OF CALOOCAN CITY From its beginning as a humble barrio of the town of Tondo located in a ‘libis’ (lowland), it became known as ‘Libis Espina’ or ‘Aromahan’.

Originating either from the Tagalog word ‘look’ meaning bay or ‘sulok’ meaning corner. Caloocan might have meant ‘nasa sulok’ or in the corner since Caloocan is located where the ends of the old town of Tondo and Tambobong (now Malabon) meet.

HISTORY OF CALOOCAN CITY Eventually, the people of Caloocan turned the historic town into a city through aplebiscite in 1961, held in accordance with House Bill 6083, which was passed and approved by both chambers of the defunct Philippine Congress. This led to the signing of RA 3278 declaring Caloocan as a City in February 16, 1962 by then President Diosdado Macapagal.

HISTORY OF CALOOCAN CITY Eventually, the people of Caloocan turned the historic town into a city through aplebiscite in 1961, held in accordance with House Bill 6083, which was passed and approved by both chambers of the defunct Philippine Congress. This led to the signing of RA 3278 declaring Caloocan as a City in February 16, 1962 by then President Diosdado Macapagal.

CALOOCAN CITY’S GEOGRAPHY AND LOCATION Caloocan has a combined total land area of 5,333.40 hectares and is located at the northern part of the National Capital Region (NCR, Region IV-A).

The city is divided into two geographic locations, namely: South Caloocan, with an area of 1,362.50 hectares and North Caloocan, with an area of 3,970.90 hectares.

CALOOCAN CITY’S GEOGRAPHY AND LOCATION Caloocan has a combined total land area of 5,333.40 hectares and is located at the northern part of the National Capital Region (NCR, Region IV-A).

The city is divided into two geographic locations, namely: South Caloocan, with an area of 1,362.50 hectares and North Caloocan, with an area of 3,970.90 hectares.

GENERAL SITUATION OF CALOOCAN CITY IN FLOODS In Caloocan City, the cause of severe flood problems mostly due to overflow, excessive rainfall and inadequate channel capacity. In some areas of the City within higher elevation, accidents from flooding are cause by erosion and landslides.

GENERAL SITUATION OF CALOOCAN CITY IN FLOODS In a study conducted under the Greater Metro Manila Area Risk Assessment Project (GMMA RAP) and estimated 51.76 hectares or some 15 barangays in South Caloocan is susceptible to high and very high flooding

GENERAL SITUATION OF CALOOCAN CITY IN FLOODS while in the North Caloocan 18 barangays will suffer high flooding and 18 will experience very high flooding with a total estimated area of 167.8 hectares. Generally, flat and low elevations of some portions are also prone to tidal floods.

GENERAL SITUATION OF CALOOCAN CITY IN FLOODS Another significant cause of flooding in Caloocan City is land development consequences.

Rapid development of urban settlements generally, in North Caloocan City, causes the replacement of vegetated and forested areas with (concrete and other non-permeable) pavements.

GENERAL SITUATION OF CALOOCAN CITY IN FLOODS To the same extent, the notable aftermath of urban development in the whole City, is the loss or reduction of natural waterways due to reclamation blockage and the conversion of some natural streams into underground drainage.

KAMANAVA Area Flood Control and Drainage Project The project site is located at KAMANAVA area in Metropolitan Manila. The following are the major works of the KAMANAVA Area Flood Control and Drainage Project (Data source: PMO,

DPWH).

KAMANAVA Area Flood Control and Drainage Project Northern Area of Malabon River ❑ Polder dike: 8.6 km ❑ Raising of river wall: 4.4 km ❑ FloodgatE. 3 gates ❑ Control gate: 1 gate ❑ Drainage pumping station: 2 sites with a total drainage capacity of 10.5 m^3/s

KAMANAVA Area Flood Control and Drainage Project Southern Area of Malabon River ❑ Raising of river wall: 2.4 km ❑ Pumping drainage station: 4 sites with a total drainage capacity of 34.5 m^3/s ❑ Drainage channel (improvement): 6 km

❑ Drainage channel (construction): 2.7 km

DRAINAGE OBJECTIVES ➢ Control and regulate dumping of solid waste on natural surface drainages ➢ To strengthen clearing of existing drainage facilities ➢ To recover covered creeks and its easements designated as part of water quality management area ➢ To prevent ISFs from occupying easements of waterways

DRAINAGE PROBLEMS AND FLOODING ➢ The cause of severe flood problems mostly due to overflow, excessive rainfall and inadequate channel capacity.

➢ In some areas of the City within higher elevation, accidents from flooding are cause by erosion and landslides ➢ All of the areas where cases of severe flood problems gave rise to the loss of property and some lives (on isolated cases) as well.

DRAINAGE PROBLEMS AND FLOODING Major Issue: Perennial flooding along major rivers, creeks and number of roadways

➢ Reduced capacity of natural surface drainage due to heavy volume of dumped solid wastes and Illegal structures along natural surface drainages and peripheral / lateral canal ➢ Deficiency in the regular maintenance of drainage facilities ➢ Need to recover portions of natural surface drainages with culverts ➢ Need to protect existing waterways from illegal encroachment

DRAINAGE PROGRAMS, PROJECTS AND ACTIVITIES ➢ Clearing of illegal structures along easements of creeks and rivers and peripheral /lateral canals.

➢ Annual dredging of creeks and rivers through assistance of National Agencies and Barangays ➢ Rehabilitation of existing drainage facilities and existing river walls ➢ Reconstruction of covered portions of creeks and rivers into open surface drainage