Case Study No. 1-Groundwater Supply of Cavite Province

Adamson University College of Engineering Civil Engineering Department

CE 428-WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING

Case Study No. 1-Groundwater Supply of Cavite Province By:

Cabuguang, Adrian Carl C. Cao, Vanessa Elaine T. Villota, Keith Eunice A.

Presented to: Dr. Tomas U. Ganiron, Jr.

Topography of Cavite Province

CAVITE CALABARZON (Region IV-A) 142, 706 hectares 7 Cities 16 Municipalities 8 Legislative Districts

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/21/Cavite_Map.jpg

CAVITE North – Northwest river flow Major River Basins: 1 - Maragondon

2 - Labac 3 - Cañas 4 - San Juan

Source: NAMRIA, Cavite SEPP 2010

LOWEST LOWLAND – COASTAL PLAIN • Extremely low ground level • EL. 0m to EL. 2m • High tide EL. 0.8m • Bacoor, Kawit, Noveleta, and Rosario

LOWLAND – COASTAL AND ALLUVIAL PLAINS • Ground slope of < 0.5% • EL. 2m to EL. 30m • Alluvial plain in Imus, Southern Gen. Trias.

• Coastal to hilly area transition in Bacoor, Kawit, Noveleta, Rosario, and Tanza.

UPLAND MOUNTAINOUS AREA • Amadeo and Tagaytay City • Above EL. 400m • Slopes > 2% • Tagaytay Ridge EL. 650m

CENTRAL HILLY AREA • Found on mountain foot slope • Rolling tuffaceous plateau • Steep hills, ridges, and elevated inland valley.

• EL. 30m to EL. 400m • Slopes of 0.5% to 2% • Trece Martires, Damariñas, Indang, and Silang

Water Resources in Cavite

Dams and Groundwater

Dam Inventory in Cavite

http://open_jicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/11925898_02.pdf

IF THERE ARE NUMEROUS DAMS IN CAVITE, WHY RESORT TO GROUNDWATER?

WHY RESORT TO GROUNDWATER? • No major dam in the province • 200 year old dams • Non-operational for the last 100 years

• – Gov. Jonvic Remulla

Caviteâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Groundwater

According to Cavite Integrated Water Resource Management Master Plan

1ST ISSUE CAVITEâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S GROUNDWATER SUPPLY The present water supply and distribution systems covering the Province of Cavite is no longer able to meet the present and future aggregate demand for water;

Population Trend of Cavite

http://cavite.gov.ph/home/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/11-CHAPTER3_POPULATION-AND-SOCIAL-PROFILE.pdf

2ND ISSUE CAVITEâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S GROUNDWATER SUPPLY Water abstraction in a number of areas in the Province has already reached critical points causing decreased groundwater levels and resulting in groundwater mining as well as salt-water intrusion in coastal areas;

MEKONG DELTA With surface water often being polluted or saline, groundwater is the main source to meet this increasing freshwater demand (Wagner et al 2012).

MEKONG DELTA A quarter-century of pumping-induced subsidence caused the MKD to sink on average by ~18 cm over the past 25 years, with areas over 30 cm.

(Minderhoud et al 2017)

3RD ISSUE CAVITEâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S GROUNDWATER SUPPLY There is lack of any septage collection and treatment system as well as any piped waste water collection and treatment system or a centralized sewerage system. Due to this lack, septic tank effluent is generally allowed to leach into the ground while untreated waste water from households and industrial establishments is returned to the water sources;

CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER The issue of solid waste in the country creates problems that results to the contamination of ground water sources, creating obnoxious odors and aesthetic deterioration. (Huhtala, 1999)

Cavite Governmentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Response to Depleting Groundwater Supply

According to Cavite Integrated Water Resource Management Master Plan

GOVERNMENTâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S ACTION Development of new water supply sources based on a viable provincial land use plan, to include as well importation of water from nearby provinces, to meet increasing demand that are sustainable, stable, reasonable and which will provide equitable and affordable water supply for all end users.

GOVERNMENTâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S ACTION Enable the participation of concerned service providers in plan development, programming and operations, among others, in order to improve coverage, efficiency and sustainability of related infrastructure.

References: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/21/Cavite_Map.jpg https://cavite.gov.ph/home/cities-and-municipalities/ https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/21/Cavite_Map.jpg NAMRIA, Cavite SEPP 2010 http://cavite.gov.ph/home/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Chapter-3.pdf https://www.facebook.com/JonvicRemullaJr/posts/just-to-clarify-thereare-no-major-dams-in-cavite-what-we-have-are-a-series-ofs/267052560071737/ • http://cavite.gov.ph/home/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/11-CHAPTER3_POPULATION-AND-SOCIAL-PROFILE.pdf • http://open_jicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/11925898_02.pdf • • • • • •

References: • Wagner F, Tran V B and Renaud F G 2012 Groundwater Resources in

the Mekong Delta: Availability, Utilization and Risks. Springer Environmental Science and Engineering ed F G Renaud and C

Kuenzer (Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands) The Mekong Delta system 201–20 pp • P S J Minderhoud et al 2017 Environ. Res. Lett. 12 064006 • Huhtala, A., 1999. How much do money, inconvenience and pollution

matter? Analyzing households’ demands for large-scale recycling and incineration. Journal of Environmental Management 55(1): 27-37.