The Challenge News Magazine Jan. - Feb.

Edition: Jan/Feb 2018

- Since 1979 -

‘The Truth Network’

‘The System That Works For Criminal Rehabilitation’

While some present warriors continue to lift their voices in honesty, their Continued from page 1: lights appear to be dimmed by in-house internalpolitical-fractions. Much of these political fractions and power-grabs are attributed to greed, power and for the

Open Letter: Mayor Rahm and Governor Bruce Rauner.

Story on page 11 Migrants for Sale: Slave Traders in Libya.

Story on page 21

Chicago/Illinois Offers No Crime Solutions for Citizens.

Story on page 5

Noted African Americans Who’ve Passed On.

Story on page 13

The Southern Vote Changing U.S. Politics.

Story on page 15

Chicago Crime Stats.

Story on page 21

Human Trafficking, Opioid Defendants in Prison.

Story on page 22

North Korea War Closer Than Ever.

Story on page 24

9 Industries Fifty Rich on Mass Incarceration.

Story on page 25

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Chinta Strausberg Chicago, Illinois

Clarence McMillan Chicago, Illinois

Geri Patterson Chicago, Illinois

Pastor Lottie Woods Hall Greenville, S.C.

Karrisa N. Hardin Los Angles, Calif.

Pastor Mitty Collier Chicago, Illinois

Bob Marovich Chicago, Illinois

Juanita Bratcher Chicago, Illinois

Brandy N.

Rev. Harold E. Bailey

Bailey Los Angles, Calif

Tel: 773.978.3706

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Where are the honest black voices?

The The African-American community has regrettably lost many brilliant outspoken leaders who said what they meant – and meant what they said!

Probation Challenge

Cong William Dawson

PCConnection Network

‘Heard Around the World’ John Sengstake

Hosts and Reporters

Chinta Strausberg Geri Patterson Pastor Mitty Collier Bob Marovich

Lu Palmer

Brandy Bailey Pastor Lottie W. Hall

Karrisa Hardin Rev. Harold E. Bailey Dr. Margaret Burroughs

Clarence McMillan

The galvanizing voices of such great African-American leaders such as the late Congressman William Dawson, Justice R. Eugene Pincham, Mayor Harold Washington, President John Stroger, John Sengstacke, Lu Palmer, Vernon Jarrett, Congressman Ralph Metcalfe, Neal A. Bratcher, Sr., Dr. Margaret Burroughs, Marion Williams, Jesse ‘Ma’ Houston, Alderwoman Anna Langford, and so many others have been called into eternity. These brilliant-minded people spoke back and with truth to power! As you perhaps might already know, many of these dedicated hard-hitters gave all that they had – as some died of broken hearts!

While some present warriors continue to lift their voices in honesty, their lights appear to be dimmed by in-house internal-political-fractions. Much of these political fractions and power-grabs are attributed to greed, power and for the love of money! Now, this is not to say that all Blacks seeking higher offices or any office is seeking funds for their own bank-accounts! However, it has been established that in the past (before the changes of the law) some candidates would run for office knowing they could not and would not win; but afterwards, many ran all the way to the bank with the community’s contributed dollars.

The community should remember those political persons sitting in authority who promise liberation, but in return, often gave back a good dose of disappointments coupled with a bunch of untruths!

In earlier political years a fraction of power was brought about by the downtown voices-of-deceit who came to rob, steal and destroy and they did it quite well! They gave crumbs to Blacks and rewarded them with low paying jobs.

The paybacks for jobs were for Blacks to give them a percentage of their paychecks. These deceitful voices and faces have perhaps changed, but their theories of thought remain the same… get all you can while you can! It now appears that many Black politicians have taken on the mindset of the overseers (masters) who governed the slaves.

I think the tax payers forget that he/she is the politicians’ employer and that employees can be fired.

‘Internet Specialist’

Are we living in an era where we now call the right – wrong … and the wrong right? And if so, the scriptures says we are living in the last days.

Juanita Bratcher ‘News Contributor’ Judge R. Eugene Pincham

Advertisers Call: Probation Challenge Tel: 773.978.3706

Productions Viewed WWW.ProbationChallenge.org

Neal Bratcher, Sr.

Rev. Harold E. Bailey Editor and Publisher

Contact Editor at: mrheb@aol.com

‘The System That Works For Criminal Rehabilitation’

Ald. Anna Langford

Can you remember those loud persons above the crowd who promised everything – but gave little or nothing in return? Note that this mythology now extends to this day and to the nation’s capitol and sits among our United States Congress. I would advise that the community watch with a jaundice eye those persons vying to occupy available seats in Congress, perhaps seeking an opportunity to take us back 100-plus years.

In my humble opinion and with an apolitical view, I suggest that present leaders in addition to want-to-be politicians who honestly want to fight for a struggling people, focus in-on African American political history, thusly realizing that you may now be at the brink of blood-baths that has historically caused strife and bitterness in this city! This may serve only to divide and conquer! You cannot erase the historical evils that were put into place by the powers-that-be at that time and will be long remembered by our children’s children. But you can play the hand of being wise as a serpent yet harmless as a dove!

Black political history just ought to instruct us that Blacks not travel the old path of being misled again. And, speaking of misleading, may I quickly ask an important question… why is African-American Education not implemented in the Chicago School System as set-forth via the law in the 90’s? What is the hold-up? Point being, if Blacks don’t know where we’ve been how then can we get a perspective on today or Continue on page 4,

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Continue from page 3. the many tomorrows. Or quite honestly, is this the plan?

African American political candidates please stop fighting for political entrapments that lay in wait for your very demise! Rather, fight with your knowledge and money…in the community for those things in plain view such as criminal justice, education, poverty and the lack of food among our elders, and just so many other important day-to-day matters!

Note: I speak to those who are vying for politics on their own and not to those who under the guides of God seek to battle the divisiveness of the enemy. Because if God does not build the house the laborer builds in vain. I hasten to point out that if you are on your own politically and not holding on to the word of God the enemy will give you a dose of medicine where you may not have an immediate cure for. Stay in your calling!

Neal Bratcher

Years ago, I recall that there was a sincere mindset by the large majority of political candidates to give of themselves to those less able to fend for themselves … but today, some are helping themselves and, of course, filling their own coffers. The public goes along with what’s happening and simply living off a thing called hope. Christ is the hope of Glory and He sends the ministers to protect and warn the people. The scripture says: The people will perish for the lack of knowledge… but not on my watch!

The true ministers of the gospel of Jesus Christ have been put on alert to stand on the wall and warn the people. And, the scripture says: Danger to the shepherd who allows the sheep to be scattered.

I would sincerely suggest to those political candidates praying for the favor of God and have love and mercy for the people of God, to first seek ye the kingdom of God and His righteousness – all other things will be added unto you! Candidates just ought to make sure their calling to serve has been sanctioned and ordained of God! All candidates and sitting politicians are presently faced with a new face on the enemy, smiling and could cares less about a thing called honest intent! That deceiving face comes to the candidates stating that he or she can be blessed as far as you can see. Some folk want to believe that world of fantasy, while others digest the lie. Praying folk turn to the Lord who has promised to lead and guide us.

Going back to our many yesterdays, I remember when the greatest among men and women in Chicago were those who were concerned about the people and sought not to rape or rob them, but tried honestly hard to enhance their abilities to better survive! Where has that gone?

Then again, where is the broad respect for the Black community by large, and not me and mine? The love we lost was a good thing!

Political offenders and ex-offenders have yet to offer an apology and/or repentance for their proven misbehavior! Some would seek an opportunity at a second and third chance to shame us, only after being found guilty, leaving office in disgrace and being sentence to jail or prison. The question is, where is that simple sincere apology coupled with repentance, or is it thought that God nor the public deserves one?

What example is being demonstrated for our troubled youth who would hold elected officials up as role-models and to many their idols? Youth emulate that which they see and we wonder what is wrong with them? And of course many gang-bangers are now aspiring to become politicians… they say the ‘business’ is good! Wonder what that means?

Isn’t it enough that non-Black politicians spit in the communities’ face and say that it’s raining – but for Black traitors to take the same liberties to do the same, it becomes most offensive and shows a lack of integrity.

We could in fact recall the golden-years of decency where those who desired to sit in political seats of authority were held accountable to the taxpayer and their feet were held to the fire! In the African-American community, the public must demand that those in leadership are honest and with moral decency! The Scriptures also speak as to requirements for leadership for those who have been selected to have the rule over people.

A valid question: Are we living in an era where we now call the right wrong and the wrong right? And if so, the Scriptures says we are living in the last days when men and women wouldn’t consider their ways.

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f it appears nothing has been constructively declared from City Hall and the Governor’s Mansion regarding the trauma of Chicago crime... its only because NOTHING HAS BEEN SAID!

Chicago and Springfield politicians are busy hiding behind the trauma caused by President Donald Trump… in hopes that tax payers will not remember the heartaches caused by local political decisions, such as soda tax … and property tax and more! However, the quietness in the community has unfortunately been misinterpreted by Chicago City Hall and Springfield. Voters are merely inhaling deep… to exhale with great political vengeance at the polls.

Mayor Rahm Emanuel

Heads up offensive politicians, you will be remembered for following the dictates of Mayor Rahm Emanuel and Governor Illinois Gov. Bruce Rauner—which may cause an unexpected evolution at the polls.

Gov. Bruce Rauner

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law enforcement career didn’t end after retiring from the CPD in 1988.Upon retiring from the Chicago Police Department he was appointed Deputy Commissioner of the Chicago Department of Aviation, in charge of Safety and Security of Chicago’s three airports. Harris was next appointed to chief of police of the Chicago Housing Authority Police Department in 1990.

ra Harris, former Deputy Police Superintendent of the Chicago Police Department, whose law enforcement career spanned several decades, died December 4, 2017.

Harris, a longtime law enforcement professional who served a long, distinguished career with the City of Chicago, was born December 5, 1924 in Birmingham, Alabama.

He also held a position at NOBLE, a national organization of black law enforcement executives.

Harris served the City of Chicago as Deputy Police Superintendent of the Department of Community Services, was head of security at the Chicago Aviation Department at O’Hare Airport and Chief of the Chicago Housing Authority.

Harris joined NOBLE in February 1977 and served in various executive positions at chapter, regional and national levels. He was elected national president in 1984, after having served as acting director in August 1992 until a permanent director was appointed.

Harris came to Chicago, Illinois in 1945, after serving in the United States Navy. In October 1954, Harris joined the Chicago Police DepartHarris was married to Hazel Harris, his beloved ment. He rose through the ranks as Patrolwife of 38 years, who died in June 1993. After man, Sergeant, Lieutenant, Captain, Director the death of his wife, he returned to NOBLE’s and Deputy Superintendent of Police. He soon National Office as assistant director and was became a man on a mission and his rise in appointed director in April 1994. He served in

By Juanita Bratcher star power was imminent. His diligence and the position until January 1998. professional knowledge paid off, catching the attention of Police Superintendent Matt L. Rodriquez and Mayor Richard M. Daley. He brought rock-solid profession- Harris served well the City of Chicago and shared his mega talents, people skills, knowledge, and career with so alism to the Chicago Police Department, and afterwards, was appointed to head-up security in several city agenmany law enforcement professionals and law enforcement cies, including those of the city’s Aviation Department at agencies across the country, including Washington, D.C. He was the recipient of many awards, accolades and O’Hare Airport and the Chicago Housing Authority. recognition, and had the highest respect of his peers and colleagues.

Harris was appointed to the Chicago Police Department Bureau of Community Services by Police Supt. Matt l. Rodriguez when Rodriguez was named by Mayor Richard M. r. Ira Harris, was a friend to the Rev. Harold E. Daley as Superintendent of Police over Chicago’s 12,500Bailey, editor of The Challenge News Magazine. member department. Harris was a law enforcement proBailey said, “Every now and then you find a real person fessional that served and shared his people skills and knowledge to law enforcement professionals across the liken unto Ira Harris on the road of friendship. country, including Washington, D.C. Harris was a gentleman dedicated to truth and well respected.

Harris was a man of great humility and integrity. But his

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By Sarah Ruiz-Grossman Black men are sentenced to far more time in prison than white men for committing similar crimes, according to a new report from the U.S. Sentencing Commission.

A report released last week from the USSC ― an independent agency of the U.S. judicial branch ― looked at federal prison sentences in the United States from Oct. 1, 2011, to Sept. 30, 2016, and found that black male offenders received sentences on average 19.1 percent longer than those of “similarly situated” white male offenders.

A report released last week from the USSC ― an independent agency of the U.S. judicial branch ― looked at federal prison sentences in the United States from Oct. 1, 2011, to Sept. 30, 2016, and found that black male offenders received sentences on average 19.1 percent longer

This report’s findings match those of a previous USSC report from 2007 to 2011, which found a nearly 20 percent gap in sentences between black and white men.

But the factors contributing to racial disparities in sentencing are complex, according to Marc Mauer, director of the nonprofit Sentencing Project. Judges aren’t the only factor, or necessarily even the biggest, in sentencing disparities.

The commission also factored in offenders’ criminal histories to look at whether violence in offenders’ pasts could account for the racial disparities ― and found that it did not.

Looking at 2016, the only year for which such data was available, the commission found that, after controlling for criminal history, black men still received 20.4 percent longer sentences than did white men.

This report’s findings match those of a previous USSC report from 2007 to 2011, which found a nearly 20 percent gap in sentences between black and white men.

lence in offenders’ pasts could account for the racial disparities ― and found that it did not. Looking at 2016, the only year for which such data was available, the commission found that, after controlling for criminal history, black men still received 20.4 percent longer sentences than did white men.

“It’s not necessarily racist judges,” Mauer told HuffPost by email Friday. “But much of [the] disparity [is] likely due to decision-making by prosecutors.”

Mauer pointed to research from scholars Sonja Starr and Marit Rehavi, which found that prosecutors “have a huge impact on sentences,” as they have broad discretion in how to charge an offender or whether to offer a plea-bargain.

‘

Black men are sentenced to far more time in prison than white men for committing similar crimes, according to a new report from the U.S. Sentencing Commission.

than those of “similarly situated” white male offenders.

The commission also factored in offenders’ criminal histories to look at whether vio-

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Overall, sentencing is just one part of the broader problem of racial discrimination in the criminal justice system: Black people are incarcerated in U.S. state prisons at more than five times the rate of white people.

I once was young but now I’m old, yet I have never seen the righteous forsaken or their children begging bread. °Psalm 37:25. nexplainable to most, my spirituality to some was believe me to be peculiar. Following the principles of Christ, my endearment to the castaway has caused me heartaches, grief and moreover to miss much of what some consider the luxuries of life.

However, as a child I made a conscious decision to obey the leading of He who I deemed as my Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. As Christ called his ten servants together, He said unto them occupy till I come. (Luke 19:13). In following the steps of Christ, then so shall the servants of Christ act in obedience to instructions set-forth… follow documented precepts and occupy until the Savior returns!

‘Christ Teaching Disciples’

In following the leading of God, we must remember that we are out of step with the world… and in obeying; we are then expected to have rocky roads but, should have no regrets as to our choice of Masters!

The true baptized believer in Christ were not promised to have the turmoil's of life, but were promised that our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ would go through each phase with us. Rev. Dr. Harold E. Bailey

‘Suffer Children to Come to Me’ “Be strong in the Lord and in his mighty power. Put on the full armor of God to stand against the devil’s schemes...

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Finally, be strong in the Lord and in His mighty power. Put on the full armor of God, so that you can take your stand against the devil’s schemes. For our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the authorities, against the powers of this dark world and against the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly realms.” Ephesians 6:10-12 (NIV) - Let us not look at our present worldly political circumstance but continue to look fully into the eyes of God... then the things of earth will grow strangely deem in the light of His glory and grace” •Rev. Harold E. Bailey, president of Probation Challenge and The PCC Network. The Truth Network: WWW.ProbationChallenge.org 8

‘Community Service Providers’

‘Pastor Lottie Woods Hall’

Pastor Mitty Collier

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‘The Forgotten C-Number Inmates’ Should Illinois release old and costly inmates?

C

-Number inmates cost the state more than $15.6 million a that some have changed.” year, an average of $70,000 per person. In 2009, the averThe Rev. Harold E. Bailey, one of the few who in earlier days age inmate in Illinois cost $25,000 to keep in prison, according to fought for injustice what he calls ‘The Criminal Just Us System’ the John Howard Association, a statewide prison reform group. said, “Without doubt one of the reasons the former Governor In 2010, Illinois prisons held 223 C-Number inmates who had Ryan was convicted was that he pointed out the injustices in the been there for more than 30 years. These inmates were a part of system … such as the C numbers… who are being held as hosa sentencing scheme from a different era. tage to serve as … role models for other inmates. It’s a ploy… one not necessarily caring as to the life of C-Number inmates are prisoners who others. were sentenced before 1978 to indeterminate sentences – prison terms that only C-number inmates are still eligible for parole specify a range of years the inmate must – getting out early for good behavior – by stay behind bars, such as being sengoing in front of the Prisoner Review Board, tenced to serve 20 to 100 years in prison. which ultimately decides the inmates’ fate.

After 1978, determinate sentencing – The PRB is appointed by the governor of including sentencing guidelines, mandaIllinois and currently consists of 13 memtory minimum sentences and stronger bers, which meet once a month to decide if sentences for certain crimes – became an inmate deserves parole. the preferred sentencing method in IlliThe process to decide if an inmate qualifies nois. The term “C-Number” refers to the for parole involves one board member inter“C” at the beginning of a prisoner’s identiU.S. Army Sergeant La viewing a C-Number inmate.

The state’s fication card, which signifies a prisoner attorney’s office then interviews the friends David Johnson, who was sentenced prior to determinate sentencand family of the victim in the case. The among four special forcing. These inmates were typically convictstate’s attorney’s office then conducts an ed of murder or rape. es soldiers killed in Niopposition hearing and writes an opposition Overcrowded prisons are a problem in letter, which is ger, sentWest to the Africa PRB. on OcIllinois with C-Number inmates being tober 4, 2017.

The member of the PRB who conducted the some of the costlier to house. interview with the inmate seeking parole Bill Ryan, founder of the Statesville presents the case to the PRB, which then Speaks newsletter published by the Justakes a vote to decide if parole is granted. tice Studies Department of Northeastern An inmate must receive a majority of “yes” Illinois University, says 223 may not votes to receive parole. seem like a large number, but C-Number Ryan said that the recidivism rate, the rate inmates cost between $70,000 and which an inmate is likely to repeat the of$75,000 to keep in prison. Most them are fense they were imprisoned for, for Cover the age of 50 and their age helps Number inmates in Illinois is about two or explain why it costs the state so much to three percent. The overall recidivism rate for all Illinois prisoners keep them in prison. is higher than 50 percent.

As C-Number inmates age, the cost to keep them in prison rises The John Howard Association of Illinois said there were 275 Cprimarily due to their health care costs. C-Number inmates cost Number inmates in 1978, but in the following 32 years the numthe state more than $15.6 million a year, an average of $70,000 ber dropped to 223 by 2010. It’s unclear how many inmates have per person. In 2009, the average inmate in Illinois cost $25,000 died and how many have been paroled. to keep in prison, according to the John Howard Association, a statewide prison reform group.

After the justice has recently released hundreds of innocent inmates because of wrongful conviction, you would think that there “There really isn’t any logic in keeping some of these people in would be an outcry from those sitting in authority to over-haul the prison,” Ryan said. “There seems to be a perception that people justice system—from the top to the bottom, said, Rev. Harold E. cannot change, but I believe they can. I know some of the CBailey, founder and president of Probation Challenge..

Number inmates and after 30 years in the prison system, I know

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‘Some Famous African-Americans Who Have Passed On’

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Soul Survivor: A Biography of Al Green. By Jimmy McDonough. Da Capo Press, 2017. 432pp. (hardcover). Index, illustrations. ISBN 978-0-306-82267-4. $28 “This was a very challenging project,” journalist and biographer Jimmy McDonough concedes in the acknowledgements of Soul Survivor, his biography of Al Green.

You can almost hear McDonough heave a sigh of relief after writing that statement.

Chronicling the life of such a defiantly inscrutable entertainer and minister as Green would be difficult enough with the protagonist’s participation. Instead, McDonough had to proceed essentially without Bishop Green’s blessing, relying for his information on decades of existing taped interviews, articles, videos, documentaries, and the only other Green bio, Take Me to the River. This he supplemented with the many wonderfully colorful interviews he was able to conduct with musicians, producers, record company personnel, friends, lovers, and others who journeyed with Green along the course of his 50-year music career.

The result is a fascinating, informative, and entertaining read about the rollercoaster world of Al Green, one that leaves the reader amazed and appreciative that the singer is still standing.

The author of the Neil Young biography Shakey and contributor to such publications as The Village Voice and Variety, McDonough is clearly a fan of Green’s music. He deems Green “one of the world’s greatest singers” and says he “will surely go down in history as one of the greatest live performers to have ever graced a stage.” At the same time, McDonough is a discerning fan. He cheers when Green succeeds (he considers the 1973 album Call Me a masterpiece) and is disappointed when he doesn’t. He also admires Green’s Wile E. Coyote-like ability to handle whatever comes his way or, more often, what he himself precipitates, by dusting himself off, flashing his charming smile, and pressing on.

Soul Survivor (taken from the title of Green’s 1987 album) chronicles Green’s birth in Arkansas; his upbringing and early music experience in Grand Rapids, Michigan; his discovery by Hi Records; his subsequent domination of the 1970s R&B and pop charts, which included frequent appearances on Soul Train and at major venues; and Green’s gospel music career and church life.

As McDonough shows, the rewards Green collected from his Hi hits came with a high price. There were failed marriages, perpetual fights with musicians over money and control, and an indifference to the advances of some of his girlfriends. The latter precipitated a paramour’s suicide in his home, an incident that became known as the “Grits Green” story.

Green wondered whether the chaos swirling around him was the result of his not making good on a March 1969 promise to God that he would turn to religious activities if he became a superstar (interestingly, Green never considered himself a soul or R&B singer, McDonough reports, but a rock and roll singer). Sometime after a religious epiphany (at Disneyland, of all places), Green attempted to make good on that promise. Although as early as 1971 he had been placing at least one religiously-oriented song on his soul albums, Green started recording gospel music exclusively in 1980. Four years earlier, he had opened his own church, the Full Gospel Tabernacle, in Memphis.

It wasn’t until Green switched to gospel music that the Grammy Awards began pouring in, even though these works, according to McDonough, were inferior in comparison with mid-1970s soul classics such as “Love and Happiness,” “Let’s Stay Together,” “Tired of Being Alone,” and my personal introduction to Green in 1974, “Sha-La-La (Make Me Happy).”

In 2003, while still pastoring Full Gospel Tabernacle, Green shifted back to pop music. By March 2006, when I attended an Al Green concert at Chicago’s House of Blues, his playlist was a mixture of soul and gospel, though his finest moment that evening was a heartfelt rendering of “Amazing Grace.”

Soul Survivor is more than a critical and historical biography of Al Green. It also functions as a welcome history of Hi Records, the scrappy Memphis indie that lived in the shadow of its better known competitors, Sun and Stax. Since Willie Mitchell, producer and head of Royal Studios, was the heart and soul of Hi Records, this book is also Willie’s biography.

For Mitchell, recording was about keeping things simple.

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Continue on page 16

By Chinta Strausberg any Republicans are still in shock over the defeat of staunch Republican U.S. Senate hopeful Joe Moore who despite his high profile campaign and appealing to right-wingers lost to Democrat Doug Jones giving the U.S. Senate a 51-to-49 margin and leaving the GOP with a major headache.

It was Rev. Jesse L. Jackson, Sr. who though ill repeatedly campaigned in Alabama and other southern states explaining that blacks had the power to turn red states blue if only they would come out and vote.

He focused on the Alabama and Virginia races in particular with the understanding that it would be perceived s a referendum on President Donald Trump who backed Moore even though he has been accused of alleged sexual harassment by a number of women including a then 14-year-old girl.

Trump, who himself has been accused of similar allegations by at least a dozen women, justified his support of Moore by telling voters it would be better to elect Moore, a Republican, rather than a “liberal” Democrat.

Chinta Strausberg

Jesse Jackson, Sr.

That statement was a shocker to even some members of his own party like Senator Ron Johnson (R-Wis), who said, “The voters of Alabama did not want a man who in his 30’s was trolling shopping centers and trying to have dates with 14 and 16--yearold girls.”

But, Rev. Jackson, who twice ran for the president of the United States winning nearly 7 million votes in 1988, which was more than Al Gore, knew victory was literally in the hands of the black voters. That is why he went back again and again to Alabama and Virginia keeping the fact that he had been diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease a secret.

“Fifty-seven percent of all African Americans still live in the South, but there are four million unregistered black voters in the 11 former Confederate states,” said Rev. Jackson. He said if the black vote unites and comes out strong, they can change the politics of the south and Alabama and Virginia was proof of his reasoning.

In the Virginia race, Democrat Terry McAuliffe won and Democratic Lt. Gov. Ralph Northam beat Republican Ed Gillespie. In New Jersey, Democrat Phil Murphy defeated Republican Lt. Gov. Kim Guadagno. In Detroit, Mayor Mike Duggan won a second four-year term defeating state Sen. Coleman Young II, the son of the city’s first black mayor.

Trump got another slap in the face…a wake up call when voters in Maine approved a bill enabling them to join 31 other states in expanding Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act—a President Barack Obama health imitative that Trump has vowed to kill Since for the past eight-years congress has been unable to kill the Affordable Care Act better known as Obamacare, Trump made sure that was a clause in the infamous and hastily put together tax bill that ended the mandate for the Obamacare plan.

And though Trump publicly wished the Obamacare plan would fail, more than 9 million people registered for the plan over the shortened enrollment period.

“What Alabama showed on Dec. 12 and Virginia a few weeks earlier is that if we vote our numbers and our needs, we win,” said Rev. Jackson. “The black vote saved Alabama from international disgrace and shame.

According to Rev. Jackson, 95 percent of black people and 98 percent of African American women voted for Doug Jones. “A coalition of black, brown and white voters elected the first Democrat to a Senate seat in Alabama in the last 25 years.”

Jackson said the county with the highest turnout of registered voters was Greene County which is 80.5 percent black with 53.89 percent of registered voters turning out to vote.

The county with the second highest turnout of registered voters was Perry County which he says is 67.5 percent black. It had a turnout of 48.70 percent of registered voters.

And Jackson explained that 9 of the 15 counties having the highest turnout had a black population of 50 percent or more. They were the counties of: Green, Perry, Wilcox, Hale, Marengo, Bullock, Dallas, Montgomery and Sumter. Three more of the 15 counties had a black population of 40 percent or more—Jefferson, Pickens and Clarke.”

So, on November 6, 2018 when 33 of the 100 seats in the Senate are up for reelection along with the U.S. Representatives, 39 gubernatorial elections and a number of other state and local elections.

“Recently, black folks showed up and showed out,” quipped a “Liberating the South is the key to liberating the nation and the key to liberating the South is the black vote.” African Americans now know they have the political power in their hands. Their ancestors helped to pay the price for recent victories and future ones as well.

By Chinta Strausberg 15

Continued from page 14—Great Achievements: Under his tutelage and direction, the multi-racial Hi Rhythm band of musicians stayed in their own respective groove rather than try to outplay one another. Their understated musical style propelled the careers of Green and a score of others, among them former gospel singers O. V. Wright and Otis Clay. Mitchell’s KISS mantra serves as a lesson for today’s overproduced pop music. As Hi musician Reuben Fairfax Jr. tells McDonough: “Music used to be finesse. Now music is power.”

McDonough’s writing is conversational and filled with humor, as if he is sitting with friends over rounds of drinks, regaling them with a litany of can-you-believe-it stories about Green, Mitchell, Hi Rhythm, Green’s touring Enterprise Orchestra, and a passing parade of Green girlfriends and wives. At the same time, McDonough’s findings are grounded in research and given proper attribution.

The blue language of the musicians is not censored from the original interviews, which gives the reader an honest portrayal of Royal Studios as a technically rag-tag but musically brilliant incubator fueled on cigarettes, booze, and very little sleep. In the process, Royal and Hi produced some of the grooviest and most slow-danceable music the 1970s had to offer.

If after finishing Soul Survivor, you come away not comprehending who Al Green really is, don’t worry—Green really doesn’t want you to know. What you do get is an impression of an artist whose life is a mixture of insecurities, incongruities, and inexplicability, but also transcendent moments of pure genius. And, as McDonough believes, Al Green is “still capable of producing another masterpiece.

ob Marovich was honored with a Gospel Image Award Gold for establishing the website Journal of Gospel Music. The award was part of the annual Gospel Image Award ceremonies held in Charlotte, North Carolina. Dianna Davis, CEO of Charlotte Entertainment Network, is founder and president of the award program, which also honored Ambassador Dr. Bobby Jones, Malaco executive Darrell Luster, singer Babbie Mason, quartet veteran Thomas Spann, and others.

Photos: Minister Franklin reenville, SC.: The Intercessory Health and Healing Center, celebrated an evening of appreciation

with their board of directors. Pastor Lottie Woods Hall (photo center) presented certificates to board members. Photo from left: Minister Clayton Rhodes, Pastor Hall and Minister Barbara Franklin.

View the True Essence of Thanksgiving WWW.ProbationChallenge.org 24/7 and On-Demand

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Nationwide — Three pastors from Toledo, Ohio have officially been indicted on federal sex trafficking charges. Prosecutors say that they all worked together to entice underage girls with money in exchange for sex.

All three men, Kenneth Butler, 37; Anthony J. Haynes, 38; and Cordell Jenkins, 47, have pleaded not guilty.

The US Attorney’s Office says that one of the pastors began grooming a 14-year-old girl for prostitution in 2014, and then introduced her to other men. All three pastors, however sexually assaulted her at one point or another at hotels and even at the Greater Life Christian Center in Toledo.

Mr. Haynes reportedly gave the girl money and told her not to tell anyone, saying it would ruin his family and his church.

Mr. Jenkins reportedly recorded the abuse with his cellphone and paid the girl with what he called “hush money,” and also allegedly abused a second girl in March of this year.

All Charges Dismissed Against 15 Black Men Who Were Framed By Chicago Police Chicago, IL — The Cook County State’s Attorney in Illinois has dropped all charges against 15 men who combined had 18 convictions. All of them were convicted in 2003 to 2008 for drug crimes that they say that local police framed them for.

cago says that the officers targeted low income Black men who lived in South Side housing projects. He even said that others in command at the Chicago Police Department knew what was going on, but did nothing to stop it.

The men, all African-American, allege that former police Sgt. Ronald Watts and his team of officers planted the drugs on them, and then falsified police reports.

“This corruption was covered up by the highest levels of the Chicago Police Department,” Tepfer said. “It was swept under the rug.”

Leonard Gibson, one of the men exonerated, told reporters that Watts threatened them if they didn’t pay him a socalled “protection tax”.

Gibson comments, “If you’re not gonna pay Watts, you were going to jail.” And Gibson did serve 2 years in jail. He says when he was released from prison, Watts tried to put another case on him.

Meanwhile, the 15 men and Tepfer all feel that justice has not been fully served. Sgt. Watts and another officer were convicted, served less than 3 years, and are now free. Even worse, as many as seven others officers were never been charged and are still working on the force.

Joshua Tepfer of the Exoneration Project at the University of Chi-

confirms that what she experienced that night “was wrong.” She also told reporters: “While no amount of money can change what happened, bring Philando back, or The settlement includes $675,000 from the erase the pain that my daughter and I concity of St. Anthony as well as $125,000 tinue to suffer, I do hope that closing this from the nearby city of Roseville and an chapter will allow us to get our lives back insurance fund. The mayor of St. Anthony, and move forward.”

Jerry Faust, released a statement to the Meanwhile, the police officer who killed Philando media saying that the agreement “opens will continue to remain free. This past summer, a Experts say the settlement will likely be the the door to continued healing within our jury found him not-guilty of manslaughter and community.” Meanwhile, Diamond herself final legal development in her case. Natudangerous discharge of a weapon. rally, the case led to a lot of protesting from has spoken out saying that the settlement Nationwide — Diamond Reynolds, the woman who livestreamed on Facebook the bloody aftermath of last year’s police shooting of her boyfriend, Philando Castile, will receive an $800,000 settlement from the city of St. Anthony, Minnesota.

African Americans and other minority groups nationwide who felt that the shooting was racially motivated.

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Mom Charged With Hitting Daughter’s Teacher With a Brick Nationwide — 29-year old Daishonta Williams from Pittsburgh is being charged after she allegedly followed her daughter’s 4th grade teacher, hit her with a brick, dragged her out of her car and beat her up. The altercation was reportedly over a discussion they had about the child’s cellphone.

The teacher, 46-year-old Janice Watkins, says she took away the student’s cell phone when she spotted it, and then the student became angry and bit her.

But the student went home and told her mom that her teacher choked her, which enraged her mother and led to the attack.

The attack reportedly happened at an intersection when Watkins was stopped at a red light. Williams, who was riding with her boyfriend, reportedly got out of their vehicle and threw a brick at the teacher’s car, hitting her in the face, and then began to beat her.

Daishonta Williams

Watkins was later treated at a hospital for injuries to her face and teeth. Williams and her boyfriend, however, fled the scene.

Williams was later arrested and charged with stalking, reckless endangerment, making a terroristic threat and aggravated assault.

‘Watch Your Steps’

Follow my example, as I follow the example of Christ. 1 Corinthians 1:1

— To Family of Our Dearly Beloved —

Minister Thomas (TJ) Gantt

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- 2018: Spiritual Words of Encouragement -

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rust in the Lord with all of your heart and lean not unto your own understanding … but in all your ways acknowledge God and He shall direct your path.

• Minister Clayton Rhodes.

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e can do all things through Christ who shall strengthen us.

• Pastor Lottie Woods Hall.

ime to get in a hurry! Be about God’s busy! The time is now! We must be about my Father’s busy!

• Minister Cathy Woods Jackson.

irst of all pray on everything you want and need! Once you pray in faith believing, It will come to pass.

If God has a plan for you in 2018—it will come to pass!

• Marshall Thompson (Mr. ChiLites) of the World Famous Chi-Lites.

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et your speech be with grace and seasoned with salt that you may know how to answer every man.

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• Rev. A.J. Bailey, Jr.

tay focus on the things you can change—and don’t worry about things you can’t change.

•Former Mayor Joe DuPar.

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his was an unforgettable evening to remember at home of Blake and Carmen Evans, along with many family and friends. The evening was comprised of good food with good company.

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Migrants for Sale: Slave traders in Libya arlier this month, a CNN investigation revealed that migrant slave auctions are occurring in Libya, as people who are fleeing their home countries are being "auctioned off" by captors for hundreds of dollars. This discovery is incredibly egregious and tragic — and the world must act to help put an immediate end to the practice. Here's how you, too, can help stop the slave trade in Libya (and around the world) by engaging in advocacy campaigns and helping fund development and antislavery initiatives.

After receiving video footage of a migrant slave auction, a team from CNN traveled to Libya, where it discovered that slave auctions were taking place in at least nine different locations. The outlet reported that, at these auctions, migrant men from other African countries were being auctioned off for a few hundred dollars.

Libya has a substantial migrant population, as tens of thousands of people fleeing poverty and violence in their home countries cross into Libya every year as they try to immigrate to Europe. But often these migrants never make it there, instead finding themselves "indebted" to smugglers who initially agreed to help them secure passage to Europe, CNN reported. They potentially face slave auctions as smugglers seek to recoup money.

The Libyan slave trade, as well as the global slave trade, are certainly complex issues which will require a worldwide effort to eradicate. However, there are steps you can take to help end slavery in Libya and beyond.

Chicago, IL: The PCC Network reporter Brandy Bailey, recently filed a report that much of what is going on in Libya is currently going on in the United States of America.

Men and Women are being prostituted and held hostage without an opportunity to even speak with a relative. Once it was restricted to girls/woman but now young boys are missing and in the captive of pimps who date them to otter a word of their health care or location.

Brandy, in her report encourages parents or guardians to watch their children closely. Evidence of their being taken-over can sometimes be seen by unexplainable mental response or physical abuse to their body … then watch and listen as to the child’s response to you… you know what to expect from the child... after all (most of the time) you’ve known the child from birth. We have to remember that in most events the pimp makes unkept promises to bate the person into unseeingly acts.

It may seem as through the parent is being nosy—however better nosy than receiving a call that the child has been found dead trying to escape their world of torture.

More information regarding Human Trafficking on page 23.

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our defendants, including a 27-year-old Canton woman, have landed in prison after authorities busted a human trafficking and opioid drug ring that spanned two counties in southeast Michigan.

Authorities have said the investigation revealed how organizers of human trafficking schemes can prey on victims of opioid drug addiction to make money. The scheme unraveled after the FBI and Oakland County Gang and Violent Crimes Task Force acted on a tip of a drug and prostitution operation in Madison Heights.

Jasmin Christine McGinnis of Canton is facing one to 20 years in prison after she pleaded guilty to one count of human trafficking involving allegations she provided forced labor for commercial sex and one count of possession of 50 grams of cocaine with intent to deliver, Oakland County online court records show.

4 arrested and found guilty—sentence to prison

Other counts against McGinnis, including prostitution/accepting earnings, were dismissed during her sentencing Dec. 19 by Oakland County Circuit Judge Wendy Potts. Three other defendants were sentenced the same day.

Melvin Dwight Niblett, a 38-year-old Southfield man who authorities portrayed as the ringleader, was sentenced to 6½ to 20 years in prison after he pleaded guilty to three counts of human trafficking involving threats of physical harm and one count of

conspiracy to deliver a controlled substance, court records show. Several other charges were dismissed.

More: Boogeyman targeted: Panel says education key to stopping trafficking

More: Driver's sex toy mistaken for indecent exposure in Canton More: Canton to tackle roads, opioids, legacy costs, autonomous cars in new year Corey Michael Cooper, 45, whose place of residence wasn't known, has been sentenced to 5½ years to 20 years in prison after he pleaded guilty to conspiracy to deliver a controlled substance.

Niblett and Cooper could have faced life in prison if they had had been convicted of a wide range of other, nowdismissed charges including conducting a criminal enterprise.

Maurice Rushton, 57, whose residence wasn't known, has been sentenced to 19 months to 10 years behind bars for his plea to one count of human trafficking involving injury or sexual assault, according to court records.

Charges against the four defendants were announced recently by Michigan Attorney General Bill Schuette's office, culminating an investigation that lasted a year. Schuette issued a statement condemning human traffickers for holding victims "hostage in their dark world."

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he Rev. Harold E. Bailey, founder and president of the Probation Challenge organization, recently release an open letter to President Trump and the U.S. Congress, reminding them that War Is Hell! At the time of the release many thought he had lost his since of ability. However, what we are recently hearing regarding war - was not then within ear shot.

Bailey believes that President Trump and a large majority of loyal Republicans are itching for war because as history dictates it would generate big dollars for some—but not others.

The larger question would be as to who would fuel the war? History also says that the first on the front line would be African American men—who mostly lack educational skills to rank with some others. Bailey said, ’This is a contrived body of people who will never see their children pick up a gun—nor receive a bullet as the result of battle.

Bailey put on notice local black politicians who are mute on these subject matters coming from Washington… they will in-fact be held accountable at the polls. Bailey said that there is no way a politician can play it safe, and that they have a moral responsibility to voters – and a spiritual responsibility to God.” Rev. Harold E. Bailey

ashington (CNN): The United States is "closer to a nuclear war with North Korea" than ever, Adm. Mike Mullen, a former chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said Sunday, adding that he does not "see the opportunities to solve this diplomatically at this particular point."

In an interview on ABC's Mullen warned that President Donald Trump's provocative rhetoric aimed at North Korean leader Kim Jong Un likely indicates he would prefer to take a more aggressive approach to countering the rogue regime's rapidly evolving nuclear weapons program.

"I'm just more inclined to see over time that the rhetoric seems to be where the President is," Mullen said, adding that Defense Secretary James Mattis, national security adviser H.R. McMaster and White House chief of staff John Kelly have managed to deter Trump from following through on his threats of unleashing "fire and fury."

Kim Jong Un

President Donald Trump

"My concern is how long that actually lasts," Mullen said, adding that, at some point, Trump may be inclined to ignore advice from his top national security advisers that runs counter to his own instincts.

The North Korean leader addressed the threat of war in a New Year's Day speech on Monday.

"We are a responsible nuclear nation that loves peace," Kim said. "As long as there's no aggression against us we do not intend to use nuclear powers."

"The US cannot wage a war against our country at all," Kim added. "The entire mainland of the US is within the range of our nuclear weapons, and the nuclear button is always on the desk of my office. They should accurately be aware that this is not a threat but a reality."

Mullen's warning about the possibility of war with North Korea was echoed by Republican Sen. Lindsey Graham, of South Carolina, who said Sunday that 2018 could be a year of "extreme danger."

"We've got a chance here to deliver some fatal blows to some really bad actors in 2018. But if we blink, God help us all," Graham said in an interview on CBS's "Face the Nation."

Earlier this month, Graham predicted that there is a 30% chance Trump orders a first strike on North Korea to prevent the rogue nation from acquiring a nuclear weapon capable of hitting the United States.

"I would say there's a three in 10 chance we use the military option," the South Carolina Republican first said in an interview with The Atlantic and later confirmed to CNN. If the North Koreans conduct an additional test of a nuclear bomb — their seventh — "I would say 70 percent," he said.

While Graham, an Air Force veteran who serves on the Senate Armed Services Committee, is widely considered a Republican foreign policy hawk, he repeatedly said in the interview with The Atlantic that he hopes military options are never employed and advocated meeting with the North Koreans in pursuit of a peaceful resolution to tensions between the two nations.

‘Black Men in World War 1’

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It's no coincidence that the United States now imprisons more of its people than any other country in the world: mass incarceration has become a giant industry in the U.S., resulting in huge profits not only for private prison companies, but also, for everything from food companies and telecoms to all the businesses that are using prison labor to cut their manufacturing costs.

In a 2013 report on Americans serving life without parole for nonviolent offenses, the American Civil Liberties Union found that 79% were incarcerated for drug-related convictions. Three-strikes laws, which mandate life without the possibility of parole after a third felony conviction, have also done a lot to expand the prison-industrial complex.

1. Food Supply Companies: Supplying food for prisons can be extremely profitable. Just ask the Philadelphia-based Aramark Corporation, which brings in millions of dollars bringing food to around 600 prisons in North America. Aramark’s profits continue to roll in even when the company does a terrible job. In 2014, Aramark received fines of $98,000 and $200,000 from the state of Michigan for a long list of infractions, including meal shortages, unsanitary conditions (maggots found in the food, for example) and Aramark employees smuggling contraband into prisons. But such fines were a small price to pay in light of the fact that, in December 2013, Aramark signed a three-year, $145-million contract with the state of Michigan. Aramark has had problems in other states as well, including Kentucky (where corrections officers said poor food service led to a prison riot in 2009), Florida (where state officials ended a contract with Aramark after accusing the company of boosting corporate profits by skimping on meals) and Ohio (where Aramark employees have been fired for having sex with inmates).

2. Telecommunications: Although corporatists love to describe themselves as believers in free-market competition, the reality is that many of them do everything they can to rig the game, avoid competition and become monopolies. One telecom company that operates as a monopoly in many prisons is Global Tel* Link (GTL). The company has been making $500 million annually in profits thanks to its exclusive contracts with a long list of prisons. When prisoners make collect calls via GTL, the person accepting the call pays inflated rates of up to $1.13 per minute. GTL can get away with charging those rates because it doesn't have to compete with other telecom companies in the prisons where it has exclusive contracts.

3. Healthcare Companies: Inside American prisons, decent healthcare is hard to come by. Corizon, a company that specializes in prison healthcare, is making an estimated $1.4 billion annually despite doing an abysmal job caring for those they are paid to treat. In 2012, seven sick prisoners died in a Louisville, Kentucky jail where Corizon was in charge of healthcare; the city of Louisville later canceled its contract with Corizon. In the video, Prison Profiteers, a Tucson, Arizona woman whose incarcerated son had hepatitis C was told by Corizon employees that they had “no protocol for treating" the disease, which is rampant in prisons.

4. Telemarketing and Call Centers: Many American corporations have moved their call centers to India, the Philippines, Honduras and other countries where they can get away with paying slave wages. But some Americans corporations in need of call centers have found an even cheaper source of labor: American inmates. USA Today reported in 2004 that 2,000 or more prisoners in the U.S. were working in call centers. About 80 of them were in Snake River Prison in Oregon, where inmates were being paid around $120-$185 a month for working full-time. When companies can get people to sell and promote products, handle customer service or make hotel reservations for 75 cents an hour, there is much incentive for keeping the prison-industrial complex alive.

5. Clothing Manufacturers: Prisoners are making a lot more than license plates these days. A wide variety of products are being manufactured in U.S. prisons, from office furniture and bedding to sinks, toilets and clothing.

All kinds of clothing is made in American prisons: shirts, hats, pants, shoes, jackets, you name it. Even Victoria’s Secret has profited from the prison-industrial complex: in the 1990s, Victoria’s Secret subcontractor Third Generation hired 35 female inmates in North Carolina to sew lingerie.

7. The Bail Industry: According to research by the ACLU and the Nation, the bail industry now pulls in $2 billion in revenue annually. They described the practices of bail bondsmen like Eric Amparan, who keeps 10% of a bail amount as a nonrefundable fee even if the person is found innocent. The higher the bail amounts set by judges, the more bail bondsmen stand to make—and Prison Profiteers reported that between 2002 and 2011, the American Bail Coalition (a lobbying group for the bail industry) spent $3.1 million lobbying for judges to set higher bail amounts. Prison Profiteers also noted that average bail amounts increased substantially with the growth of the prison-industrial complex, going from $39,800 in 1992 (the year ABC was founded) to $89,900 in 2006.

8. Food Processing and Packaging: The prison-industrial complex not only uses companies like Aramark that bring food to prisoners, it can also use prison labor to process food for people on the outside. In 2008, Mother Jones’ Caroline Winter reported that in California alone, prisoners were processing “more than 680,000 pounds of beef, 400,000 pounds of chicken products, 450,000 gallons of milk, 280,000 loaves of bread, and 2.9 million eggs.” Winter reported that Signature Packaging Solutions, a Starbucks subcontractor, was using prisoners to package holiday coffees.

9. Agriculture: With more states fining farmers for hiring undocumented workers and fewer agricultural workers coming in from Mexico, the prison-industrial complex has been using more prisoners as a source of farm labor. This is happening everywhere from Georgia to Arizona to Idaho, where in 2014, State Sen. Patti Anne Lodge (a Republican) sponsored a bill allowing agricultural employers to hire prisoners. The bill was quickly signed into law by Idaho’s Republican governor C.L. Otter.

By Alex Henderson

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Rev. Abraham Woods

Rev. Calvin Woods Sr.

Rev. Calvin Woods Jr.

Pastor Lottie Woods Hall

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OFFICES TO BE FILLED IN 2018 ELECTIONS

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o Be Nominated: Governor and Lieutenant Governor Attorney General Secretary of State Comptroller Treasurer Representatives in Congress State Senators Representatives in the General Assembly Commissioners of the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago (3 to be nominated) President of the Cook County Board of Commissioners County Clerk of Cook County Treasurer of the Cook County Sheriff of Cook County Assessor of Cook County Commissioners of Cook County (17 from single member districts) Commissioner of the Board of Review of Cook County (Districts 2 & 3) Supreme, Appellate, Circuit and Sub-circuit Judges (to fill vacancies if required) To Be Elected: State Central Committeeman * Democratic Party (one Committeeman and one Committeewoman per Congressional District) *Republican Party State Central Committee members are elected at party convention

November 6, 2018 - General Election

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o Be Elected: Governor and Lieutenant Governor Attorney General Secretary of State Comptroller Treasurer Representatives in Congress State Senators Representatives in the General Assembly Commissioners of the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago (3 to be elected) President of the Cook County Board of Commissioners County Clerk of Cook County Treasurer of the Cook County Sheriff of Cook County Assessor of Cook County Commissioners of Cook County (17 from single member districts) Commissioner of the Board of Review of Cook County (District 2 & 3) Supreme, Appellate, Circuit and Sub-circuit Court Judges (to fill vacancies if required)

e dare not tell you how to vote because it would cause difficulties. We can however suggest that you consider voting for those who have been about the matters of enhancement in the community.

Have you noted the increase of drugs flowing in your neighborhood—does not the Alderman/women also see it? Have you had the liberties of walking the streets without having to look over your shoulder with a jaundice eye?

Can you see any city or state representatives strolling the streets to note structure problems?

What about a simple Senior Awareness call or visit?

Have you noticed that the Chicago Mayor has not lived up to commitments promised before he gave his tearful presentation to the public for a mayoral opportunity for that second chance to do—little or Nothing?

‘Thugs surround business’

Elders are fearful about going to the currency for fear of outright robbery! The public sees it—police don’t? This also in‘Elders Requesting Respect’ volves shopping at the corner store or any business—there again are the thugs begging, and if you don’t give up your hard-earned money … you are in danger of being mugged. Where are the public officials—or policemen/women?

Now, what about the Aldermen/women who sit on the seats of authority in both the city and county governments—resting on their allegiance to leadership and do little to save the community! Should we allow un-kept promises to go without admonishments? No!

When we say little—We get little! Make a big difference—Vote!

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‘American Black and Hispanic Families Are Sufferings’

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