CBN Cutting Tools
Cutting tools Classification and performance Inserts is the tools which use for cutting process in Machinery manufacturing, also known as cutting tools. Most used in machine industry, the tools can divided into metal cutting tools, woodworking tools, mining tools. Depending on the different roles, different names. In this article, we mainly to analyze metal cutting tools development and advantages of performance.
Part 1 History of the cutting tools development:
From BC28 to 20 century, brass cone, red copper cone, drill ,cutter and other copper tools appeared in China. While the tools high-speed development happened in 18 century. In 1783,Rene from France research the milling tools firstly; In 1882, twist drill appeared, but is was sell as a product in 1864.
In 1868, A British named Mushet made out the alloy tool steel contain tungsten. In 1898, The American named Tyler and Kwait invent the high-speed tool steel. In 1923,Shiteler from German invent the carbide tools, this tool made the work piece having a better surface quality and accuracy in size. At the beginning, since the cost of high-speed steel tools and carbide tools was expensive. the welding type tools and Frame type structure cutting tool. Between 1949 and 1950,America begin to use the indexable insert on turning tools ,and then used in the milling and other tools. In 1938,A German company named Tecusa get the patent about ceramic inserts. In 1972, General Electric Company research the Polycrystalline synthetic diamond and polycrystalline cubic boron nitride inserts, increase the cutting speed to the metal work piece.
After the development of carbide cutting tools, Sandvik from Swedish made of titanium carbide coated carbide insert patent in 1969. Then in 1972, the United State developed physical vapor deposition method, developed a titanium carbide or titanium nitride carbide cutting tools. The coated on surface improved the original performance of carbide cutting tools which has good strength and toughness,
CBN Cutting Tools
cutting performance is more prominent. Part 2 The performance and processing areas of the metal cutting tools materials:
Few people understand Carbon tool steel and alloy tool steels performance completely, The most familiar tools material were high-speed steel tools, carbide tools, ceramic tools and cubic boron nitride(CBN) tools.
(1) High-speed steel tools: is a high-alloy tools steel which include tungsten, aluminum, chromium, vanadium and other alloying elements. Having a high hardness, strength and wear resistance, which is more than twice of cutting speed than carbon tool steel and alloy tool steel. Also called white steel. High-speed steel is a material which has good overall performance, widely applications range, usually used for manufacturing the complex tools, such as molding tools, milling cutters, drills, reamers, broaches, gear cutting tools. With the continuous development of the tool, high-speed steel cutting tools was replaced gradually, is now mainly used for drill. (2) Carbide cutting tools: Sintered by high hardness, high melting point metal carbide WC, TiC powder, etc., with a binder metal at high temperatures. Carbides hardness can reach up to 89-93HRA under nomal temperature, its wear resistance and heat resistance are both higher than tool steel, and the cutting speed is several times than high speed steel, tool life also improved several times, suit for machining the black metal material which hardness was less than HRC40 ,and now still was used widely.
(3) Ceramic tool: was developed by precision ceramic with high pressure. Actually, the appearance of ceramic tool was earlier than carbide cutting tools, In1912-1913, alumina ceramic tool appear in Britain and Germany, then composite alumina and silicon nitride ceramic tools appeared. But as its big brittleness, it was only used in finishing step with low allowance, didn't make a big development. (4) super-hard tool: super-hard tool include super hard diamond tools and CBN tools, diamond is the hardest material in nature,cubic boron nitride cutting tools is second only to diamond. As the price is expensive, people gradually developed manual diamond
CBN Cutting Tools
and artificial cubic boron nitride (CBN)cutting tools for machining. Based on the performance, diamond tools mainly used for processing the metallic materials, such as aluminum, copper and other materials. Cubic boron nitride cutting tools for machining the ferrous materials, such as cast iron, steel, and special materials (high-temperature alloys, powder metallurgy, etc.).
While tools researched by manual can used for cutting, but the price was more expensive than ceramic cutting tools and carbide tools, it didn't developed very well in the beginning ,In the last decade, was formally used in the cutting process. With the research of super-hard materials research institutes and enterprises, Cubic boron nitride(CBN) cutting tools can be widely used in high hardness cast iron materials, high hardness steel parts after heat treatment, high-temperature alloys materials difficult to process, powder metallurgy and other materials, and ordinary gray cast iron materials in high-speed turning and other fields currently. More information on the cutting tools, please check http://www.halnntools.com/news/case/142.html