Guyana Times Sunday Magazine

Sunday

Times March 6, 2016

Star Times Hollywood:

Ronda Rousey reveals ramshackle house she lived in before stardom See story on page 12

Magazine

Page 8

Operation Safe and Sound A group of youths find an approach to tackling suicide among their peers Page 3

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2 Sunday Times Magazine

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MARCH 6 , 2016

Times Feature

I

n March 1837, the British colonial administration in British Guiana, now Guyana, began plans to build and operate a railway system between Georgetown and the Mahaica River. It is said to be the first railway system on the continent of South America.

The Demerara Railway Company, a private company that financed the project, first operated the railway, but it was later sold to the Colonial Transport Department of the government, which took control from Jan. 1, 1922.

The Company hired an experienced railway system British civil engineer, Frederick Catherwood. He surveyed the East Coast route, and later mapped out the proposed railway line along the coast between the Demerara and Essequibo Rivers.

The East Coast route, or the Demerara - Berbice railway ran along the coastline from Georgetown in Demerara to Rosignol in

after the railway system was scrapped. It is presently leased by The Guyana Power and Light Inc.

Description of railway service in 1913

Demerara Esequibo Railway Terminus at Wismar circa 1924 (Photo Armorel Clinton)

Berbice - a distance of 60 ½ miles. It was connected by ferry steamer across the Berbice River with New Amsterdam.

The Demerara Essequibo railway stretched along the West Coast from Vreed-en-Hoop on the left bank of the Demerara to

This railway connected Port Kaituma to Matthew's Ridge. It was decomissioned in the early 1990s

Demerara Railway 1921

Parika on the Essequibo River.

The bill proposing the construction of the railway was passed in July 1846.

For the Georgetown terminus, the Demerara Railway Company purchased an area at the junction of Main and Lamaha streets in the city.

In August 1847, work began on the building of a large railway station with workshops, coal sheds and large water tanks. Construction other stations along the route also started shortly after.

The Demerara - Berbice railway was laid down in sections.

The first section, from Georgetown to Plaisance, was opened on November 3, 1848. The extension to Belfield was completed in 1854; On 1 August 1863, the railway reached Clonbrook and, finally, the Mahaica terminus at Helena in August 1864.

On August 31, 1864, Governor Sir Francis Hincks officially declared the railroad open. During 1897 to 1900 the extension to Rosignol was built.

In 1912, The Demerara Railway Company extended the West Coast Railway, which it had started in the 1890s. The railway line linked Vreed en Hoop on the west bank of the Demerara River to Parika on the east bank of the Essequibo River.

The first section of the Demerara - Essequibo railway was laid down up to Greenwich Park, then was extended to Parika in 1914.

Commercial railway services for both passengers and cargo were operated until 1974 in Guyana, before it was dismantled in stages, leaving only the industrial railway systems at bauxite mining sites and another linking Port Kaituma and Matthews Ridge in the Northwest District.

Guyana's rail system was sold by the late President Forbes Burnham to several African countries.

The Lamaha Street terminus of the Demerara Berbice railway was converted into a bus terminal

There are three lines of railways: Firstly, from Vreed-en-Hoop, on the West Bank of the Demerara River, opposite Georgetown, to Greenwich Park on the West Coast of Demerara - a distance of 15 miles. A steam ferry connects Vreeden-Hoop with Georgetown.

Secondly, from Georgetown to Rosignol, at the mouth of the Berbice River, opposite the town of New Amsterdam. Rosignol is connected with the town of New Amsterdam by steam ferry. Thirdly, the DemeraraEssequibo Railway, which

runs from Wismar on the left bank of the Demerara River to Rockstone on the right bank of the Essequibo River.

Constructed and worked by Sprostons, Limited, to provide expeditious and safe means of access to the Potaro gold-fields on the Upper Essequibo River, the route via the Essequibo below the terminus of the Railway being obstructed by a series of falls dangerous and tedious to navigate. There is daily communication by steamer between Georgetown and Wismar, and launch services carrying passengers and freight connect Rockstone, the Essequibo River terminus, with Tumatumari and Potaro Landing, stopping at other places on the way. (Handbook of British Guiana 1913)

Demerara Essequibo Railway at Wismar on the Demerara River

Rockstone River Terminus of the DER on the Essequibo River

Remains of a railway shed located between Main Street and Kingston, Georgetown

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march 6, 2016

Sunday Times Magazine

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Times Feature

Class of Form 5B watching videos on suicide survivors

D

eeply affected by the suicide epidemic in Guyana, four relentless Queen’s College students have set out on a mission to do their part in offering “support and positive energy”.

Operation Safe and Sound (OSAS) was founded by Akarshini Singh, Angellina Boodhoo, Shafeena Milton and Wei Jun Wong. This project was launched on January 21, 2016 in Queen’s College.

OSAS was launched under the stewardship of Queen’s College principal Jackie Benn, Candida Williams and many other trusted teachers within the institution.

Its slogan is: “I am a Survivor”. According to the project’s members, that slogan was chosen because they believe that everyone has experienced internal conflict or will experience it, hence, they are implying that each and every person has the ability to overcome their negative thoughts.

Operation Safe and Sound is a project intended to spread awareness of suicide. It will educate individuals on signs, symptoms and correct treatment. It offers support and positive energy.

OSAS would, one day, like to “create facilities for persons with mental illnesses to fully express themselves and overcome their dark thoughts”.

The studious members of OSAS urge government and/ or private organisations (since they themselves are incapable of providing the services mentioned to create facilities that will allow individuals to express their emotions through art, instead of having a one-onone with a counsellor or other-

Founding members of OSAS with Adel Lilly (second from right), Gender Specialist within the Ministry of Social Protection, and Diego Alphonso, administrator of Men's Affairs Bureau (right)

wise.

Activities like swimming, dancing, painting, drawing, writing literature and others, the members believe, will help depressed individuals.

According to the members of OSAS, the facilities should have well- trained persons who will be able to interpret emotions through this.

OSAS currently conducts weekly presentations on suicide. These presentations include past suicide attempts and experiences, signs and symptoms and inspirational speaking. These presentations are given to different groups of students.

The organisation also introduced ‘The Elder’s Sibling

Program’, where a responsible, mature upper school student, poses as a ‘sibling’ and lends emotional support, advice and academic help to a student of any age. Depending on what the person in need prefers, the sibling relationships and emotional support will be kept strictly confidential.

Most importantly, members of Operation Safe and Sound want to encourage other schools to develop similar campaigns and to provide support for the youths of Guyana.

“We greatly urge fellow students to be aware of the signs and symptoms of any mental illness. They should have knowledge of how to treat others around them, since nega-

tive comments, gestures and other little things affect persons differently. We are asking students to be more encouraging and supportive of their colleagues and family, and to spread positive energy.

We want society to understand that it is human to have internal conflicts. Victims should not be shunned or left with nowhere to fit in. Everyone has the right to good mental health and all have the ability to overcome negative energy and live with a mental illness. We are calling on other schools to join with us in helping reduce the suicide rate in Guyana,” the members said in a statement submitted to Sunday Times Magazine.

Operation Safe and Sound calls suicide a “natural disaster” because it believes “mental illnesses occur naturally in the mind and psyche of a person just as how a hurricane would form from the elements and someone is incapable of stopping it”.

“Just so a person battling a mental disorder is unable to stop it, no one sits and thinks themself in a situation like this. They feel great pain and this great pain drives them to the breaking point. When a natural disaster comes it ruins lives kills people and if you do survive you are never the same and to rebuild your life is a hard journey full of obstacles.

This is exactly how suicide and mental illnesses on the whole must be seen. The comparison is great. The only difference is that we are able to know how to deal with a natural disaster but when mental illnesses hits, we are uneducated or educated only to a point. This needs to change,” the members noted.

OSAS would like to point out that people need to realise that “dealing with a person who is depressed isn’t a walk in a park, and if you are unable to do so, please refer them to the help they need”.

Operation Safe and Sound wishes to urge all “to reach out and help no matter how small, an impact can be made. One little step is all it takes to begin”.

See Operation Safe and Sound on Facebook for more information on what these brilliant students are doing in their attempt to save lives.

(Cover photo: Founding members of OSAS with supporters of the project at Queen's College)

4

Sunday Times Magazine

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MARCH 6 , 2016

Times Feature

Scouts in front of the Scout Association building

T

he oldest youth movement in the country, the Scout Association of Guyana, is currently one of the only youth movements in Guyana that caters to youth from as young as seven, to mould them into playing a constructive role in society.

Scouting started in British Guiana (BG) in 1909, two years after it was founded in England

by Sir Robert BadenPowell. This was the first country in the Caribbean where it was established, and the second in South America.

The initial scout troop was founded at Queen’s College, by Sgt Major George Manley, a member of a British regiment

St Francis, St Thomas More, HQ Troop 39, St Pius and Central High in Georgetown.

Elsie Taylor dedicated her life to scouting in Guyana, and for many years kept the movement alive in spite of constraints and a period of near dormancy in the seventies.

Her motivational skills were exceptional, and she endeared herself to every scout in Guyana being their ‘second mother’ and mentor. DB St Aubyn, MBE, Commissioner 1952 was very instrumental in acquiring the present scout headquarters on Woolford Avenue, Thomas Lands.

The 3rd Caribbean Jamboree held at the Queen Elizabeth Park,

Marching in Georgetown

that over 1,500 scouts participated.

Now the Scout Association of Guyana’s mission is to “contribute to the education of the young people, through a valuebased system based on the promise and law, to help build a better world where people self-fulfilled as individuals and play a constructive role in society”.

Scouting in Guyana has three sections: Cub Scouts (7-11 years); Explorer Scouts (1115 years); and Venture Scouts (15-19 years).

Then you have the leaders (19 plus). Activities/programmes range from traditional activities such as camping, hiking and pioneering (building gadgets) to learning about the envi-

Engaging in self-development activities

stationed here, and scouting soon spread to other schools and churches.

By mid-century, there were over 25 troops in BG, many initiated by church groups. These included Queen’s, St Mary’s, St Theresa’s, St Stanislaus,

(later National Park) was a memorable affair, and probably one of the best in this hemisphere.

Contingents came from Canada, England and all the Caribbean Islands. Sir David Rose was the Chief Patron and it is estimated

ronment, first aid, disaster preparedness, issues that affects youth in our country and in the world, leadership and management skills, among many other activities.

All of the various activities, although are done

across the board in each of the different sections, are also scaled towards the various age groups.

Scouts participate in camping, hiking, cooking, pioneering (building gadgets), sewing, community service, archery, fishing, training in first aid, learning about the environment, peace, local and world issues such as suicide, HIV/AIDS, domestic violence and much more.

They also take part in international activities such as Jamborees and youth forums, where they learn about other cultures and meet and interact with scouts from around the world.

In an interview with Sunday Times Magazine, Domonique Van Sluytman, Deputy Chief Commissioner – Administration of the Scout Association of Guyana, pointed out that becoming a scout is beneficial to youth because it gives them something constructive to do, something to look forward to each week that will keep them away from drugs or a life of crime. She added that scouting is broad-based in terms of the things scouts learn to do, which can lead to careers one might have only dreamt about.

“Scouting is fun with a purpose that is governed worldwide by laws of trust, loyalty, courage and respect to name a few which are notable traits of a great citizen. I joined scouting as an adult (a leader) because of my love for helping others and adventure. I have been a part of this movement for almost ten years. What has benefitted me most is the accomplishment when I see young persons come into scouts, who grow and develop from either being quiet and shy or troubled and unmannerly, to per-

sons who are bold and assertive of themselves or are mannerly and has respect for themselves and others. I have also benefitted from scouting in that I too have grown from someone who was sometimes very impatient, short tempered and shy, to someone

broadcaster and Managing Director of Primetime Advertising Agency) and Laurie Lewis (late Commissioner of Police).

Scout Association of Guyana’s future plans are to bring more awareness to scouting in Guyana and to grow into one of Guyana’s

Learning about first aid

who is more assertive, patient and deal with matters in a more rational way. Joining scouts for me even as an adult was one of the best decisions I have ever made. Even though it takes me out of my home and away from my family and friends way more than I could have imagined, seeing at least one young person grow and develop through the work that we do, makes it all worthwhile,” Van Sluytman expressed.

Some notable scouts in Guyana are Hamilton Green (Mayor), Ron Robinson (well-known

leading youth movements.

This year, the Association will be hosting the 14th Caribbean Cuboree from July 24 to 29, 2016, where Cub Scouts from across the Caribbean will gather in Woolford Avenue to learn about each other’s cultures and form friendships that will last a lifetime.

Any one desirous of becoming a scout can contact the Scout Association of Guyana on 225-3225 or Ms Domonique Van Sluytman on 623-1052. You can also visit Scout Association of Guyana on Facebook.

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MARCH 6 , 2016

Sunday Times Magazine 5

Times Women

M

Police Superintendent, Ingrid Berkeley-Brown

arch is Women's History Month. It is a month to highlight the contributions of women to events in history and modern-day society.

Additionally, on March 8 we celebrate International Women's Day. The month of March gives us the opportunity to celebrate the achievements of women, whether big or small.

This year, Women’s History Month’s worldwide theme is: “Working to Form a More Perfect Union: Honouring Women in Public Service and Government.”

Sunday Times Magazine, during the month of March, will feature women who have made and are making significant contributions in the public service sector and other areas of society, locally and abroad.

This week we feature Ingrid Berkeley-Brown and Amy Barbour-James.

Ingrid Berkeley-Brown

Overseas-based Guyanese Police Superintendent, Ingrid Berkeley-Brown does not consider herself a role model, even though she is the highest-ranking black female police officer in Canada.

As superintendent of Peel Regional Police, she prefers to be a mentor who helps others reach their goals, whether that is to work in law enforcement or another field.

One of 11 children, Ingrid migrated from Guyana in

Ingrid BerkeleyBrown and Amy Barbour-James

Amy Barbour-James in the mid 1930s

Identification Services, Ingrid holds a Master’s in Leadership from the University of Guelph.

The mother of two and recipient of the Police Exemplary Service Medal and the United Achievers Club of Brampton Community Award is also the past president and current secretary of the Caribbean Canadian Association of Waterloo Region and an avid soccer player and marathon runner.

In her new role, Ingrid is the officer in charge of 21 Division overseeing 300 members.

Amy Barbour-James

Superintendent Ingrid Berkeley-Brown (left) being presented with her new badge in January

1974 and completed high school at Sir Sandford Fleming in Toronto. She is the daughter of the late Cardwell Pellew, who was a member of the Guyana Police Service. He died in 1966.

At the age of 14, she migrated to Canada where she began her career in law enforcement 30 years ago.

Her goal was to work with youths. Consequently, she volunteered as a probation and parole officer. She later met a retired black police officer in Toronto who encouraged her to join the ranks.

Photograph of Amy taken around 1907

Over the years, Ingrid has worked in the child abuse and sexual assault, media relations, diversity, crime prevention and uniformed patrol and investigative units.

In January 2016, she became the highest-ranking black female police officer in Canada.

Ingrid was one of only two black female recruits in a class of about 300 at the Ontario Police College in 1986, and the only black female officer in Peel County after graduation.

The superintendent hopes her milestone promotion will inspire women, especially black women, to pursue a career in policing and aspire to be senior officers.

She believes that “the key is to do everything you can to make yourself the best candidate for a position and that includes hard work, pursuing higher education and community involvement”.

Remarried since 1989 to St. Lucian-born constable Joseph Berkeley who works in Peel’s Forensic

Another legendary lady is Amy Barbour-James, a London-born civil rights activist and civil servant of Guyanese roots. In 1906, she was born to parents John and Caroline. The family relocated to London from British Guiana in 1905.

Amy’s path within the movement for equal rights in Britain was inspired in large part by the work of her father.

John Alexander BarbourJames was born in 1867 in British Guiana. He rose up the ranks of the postal service and spent his spare time trying to improve agricultural conditions among the AfroGuianese, the communities descended from those who had been forcibly brought by

Europeans to work on slave plantations.

Through his networks in the Caribbean, London and Africa, he worked actively to promote agricultural and educational opportunities for the Gold Coast. After retiring in 1917 he devoted himself to promoting black achievements in Britain through lectures and participating in various societies and leagues. He remained loyal to the Empire, but highly aware of his ancestral links to West Africa and the Caribbean. John died in late 1954.

Amy joined the civil service and was active in the League of Coloured Peoples and other campaigns throughout her life. She became the League’s secretary in 1942, which was particularly significant given that she was a woman. She died in 1988.

Amy had kept much of her correspondence and photographs, which record the ongoing campaigns by black people working within the system, and remained proudly British and loyal, yet also exposing inequalities and demanding improvements. The archive she gave to historian Jeffrey Green and the interviews are now in the Black Cultural Archives, London.

In 2011, a short drama based on Barbour-James’s life was broadcast by BBC Radio 4.

6 Sunday Times Magazine

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MARCH 6 , 2016

Times Book World

The Shaping of Guyanese Literature

By Petamber Persaud

(E

xtract of interview with Francis Quamina Farrier in Georgetown, Guyana on February 2016. Farrier is a communication icon; he is more known for writing Guyana's first ever local radio soap opera, “The Tides of Susanburg”) PP Uncle Francis you have witnessed a number of significant changes in your three score and seven years, and you have seen national landmarks established.

Take us down those corridors filled with moments that stayed with you until now.

FQF Thank you Petamber. First of all, I like to say there are a decreas-

ing number of people like myself. And by this I mean folks who have been born before Independence and who have experienced a number of years of the colonial rule, the kind of culture in the colonial days. I was twenty seven when the country attained its independence. So obviously I would have seen the colonial days as preteen, teenager and young adult to adulthood. And one would recognize the changes ….

PP You were at an age of awareness when you could recognize changes and knew to yourself what was happening….

FQF Absolutely.

We knew for instance what a governor was. The youngsters of today don’t know – may read – but do not know what is a governor. A gov-

Francis Quamina Farrier (YouTube photo)

ernor, for youngsters who do not know, a governor was an English man, a white

man, who came all the way from England and who administered the running to

the country. Of course he had his other officers and most of them, if not all, were Europeans, white people, who came …

PP So it was a European culture?

FQF Yes. Some were good people and some were not so good people as we have even today.

What we learnt however was to look at the broader horizons, to look beyond Guiana, British Guiana.

British Guiana was part of the British Commonwealth so we knew as children we were part of this huge empire and were told that it was an empire on which the sun never sets. Britain had countries – the eastern most I think it was New Zeeland... all the way to across to Canada – so at any time during the twenty four hours, the sun was upon some part of the empire.

PP Thanks for that explanation.

FQF So Guiana and Guianese of that era was part of the British Empire and so when it was the Queen’s Birthday or any such special day we would sing patriotic songs like “Rule Britannia, Britannia rule the waves…”

PP How did you feel as a young man at that time?

FQF Well, one grew up knowing England as the ‘Mother Country’.

PP How did you feel singing those songs? I am sort of building a foundation so we could the see the distinction when it was time for the transition.

FQF Singing those songs gave a sense of pride in being British because one of the songs I alluded to earlier says that ‘Rule Britannia, Britannia rules the waves/ Britons never shall be slaves” but the British they were referring to was never us in the colony, they were referring to the English man. And later I discovered that it was more England we were talking about, because Scotland and Wales and Ireland were like second cousins, and the Englishman looked down on the Scots and Welsh and the Irish.

PP And you knew better than to refer to the others as Englishmen FQF We didn’t really care because they all came and were given the best jobs, whether it was in the government or private sector like Sandbach Parker, or Bookers – you know we were referred to as BG and often as Bookers Guiana.

PP Against this sociopolitical scope let’s move into the culture of this time…

FQF One sang the songs of England and to some extent of America;

in the meantime however there were some strong cultural developments which came out of the days of slavery and indentureship.

Because the Africans who were enslaved really prided themselves in thinking of where their foreparents came from because they had their oral traditions, even though it was sometimes illegal to beat their drums and sing their songs PP Masquerade FQF Things like the masquerade survived so we have to be very thankful to the African people for keeping their culture alive. The Indians came and on the other hand they were encouraged to stay more or less because they were cheap labour…when I did my radio programme, I interviewed some Indian Immigrants and I think I might have the most recordings of East Indian Immigrants; so I got so many stories from the lips of East Indian Immigrants.

PP Talking about stories and songs, what about the books you were reading then?

FQF The books that we were reading include the Royal Readers – a series of books in the Primary School.

In the Royal Readers, you had very highly educational material and those of us of my age group would say to you when you got to fourth and fifth standards in primary school, you were at the level of high school or even college depending on the teachers. Primary school education took us any part of the world and we could conduct ourselves in a way to earn us a good job…and we were able to use the language with such fluency. But then we had a man named Edgar Mittelholzer a Guyanese who started writing some serious novels and we were encouraged to read Mittelholzer, and George Lamming from Barbados, and other early writers like E. R. Braithwaite… the guys from the 50s and 60s, so as we approached Independence, we were not only reading European literature but we were also reading Guyanese writers.

And if one wants to extend to music – listening to music to English, American and Guyanese. And in the Guyanese setting we were doing a lot of African type of music, Indian type of music, and to lesser extent Portuguese and Chinese and some Amerindian…

PP So you have seen various stages from colonialism to Independence.

Fifty years on, what do you think? (TO BE CONTINUED) Responses to this author telephone (592) 226-0065 or email: oraltradition2002@ yahoo.com

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MARCH 6 , 2016

Sunday Times Magazine 7

Times Heritage

A brief historical overview

W

Postcard showing vessel loading greenheart (1915)

ith Guyana’s natural forests considered among the vastest in the world, its timber resources are one of the country’s most abundant and traditional industries.

With more than 1,000 different species of trees in its territory, some 12 -14 species are utilised for commercial activities.

In a 1902 publication titled, “The constructional woods of British Guiana”, its author Luke Mullock Hill

describes 10 of the principal commercial woods of the time.

These include greenheart (classified as Nectandra rodiei), which was used especially for bridge building, house frames and foundations and for submerged works: wharves, piles and dock and lock-gates.

The Bullet tree wood (Mimusops Balata) Hill notes, was a favourite wood for making windmill arms when those machines were

popular, and was also used for extracting balata.

According to P. van der Hout in his articleon Tropenbos.org about Guyana’s woods, during the latter part of the 19th century balata bleeding outstripped timber production.

Another wood used commercially, Hill informs, was crabwood (Carapa guianensis) for furniture making and house building as well as for ships’ masts.

Wallaba (Eperna

Falcata) was especially useful for palings and staves, though Hill points out that it was susceptible to wood ant infestations when above ground.

The highest tree in the territory, the mora tree (classified Dimorphandra mora and described as standing some 200 feet tallby Hill) was used in ship and boat building. Both mora and cirouabali (Nectandra), known in its two varieties as “brown” and “yellow” silverballi or sirouballi, were used

diei) would be produced for commercial use and overtake Letterwood in the timber trade.

The timber was at first located on private Dutch lands so that colonial government involvement in and regulation of the industry was absent, even up to the time of early British rule.

Therefore, in 1871, new ordinances allowed the British authorities to attempt to regulate woodcutting by making provisions for rent payable on Crown

at the Department of Lands and Mines in 1908. A Forest Department, independent of the Lands and Mines Department, was later established in 1925.

With the Second World War affecting the supply of mechanical equipment for harvesting and preparing greenheart, attention turned to species which required little mechanisation, such as Mora (Mora excels) and Crabwood.

After the war, the colonial government in 1948

British Guiana stamp depicting logs being hauled over a falls (1938)

Jenman Building at the entrance of the Botanical Gardens, 1979 (Wayne McWatt photo)

Sprostons Dry Dock, British Guiana, 1930. Stabroek Market can be seen in the distance, on the right (Andrew Jeffrey photo)

in boat building.

The purpleheart tree (Copaifera brateata) is also one of the tallest trees in the region and was used for house framing as well as for commercial applications.

In der Hout’s article he states that the earliest recorded commercial venture in timber in Guyana occurred in 1624 in the form of bartering between the indigenous population and Dutch settlers.

The wood, Brosimum guianense known as Letterwood or Captain’s Letterwood – syn. Piratinera guianensis) was then routinely traded, and documentation reveals that some 10,000 kg of the timber was shipped bya single ship in 1669.

It wasn’t until the late 18th century that greenheart (Chlorocardium ro-

Lands’ timber tracts.

With the regular harvesting of timber by this time, it became obvious that there was an imminent depletion of timber resources.

This led to the Crown Lands Ordinance of 1886 and new forest regulations in 1890 which sought to establish a sustainable system for the industry.

These conservation measures included “the institution of minimum cutting limits, the obligation to retaineconomic species spaced throughout the forest, the payment of royalty, the institutionof grant registers and removal permits, and the marking out of working blocks,” notes van der Hout.

It was this recognition of forest management that also led to the establishment of a forestry branch

drafted policies that recognised the need for increased production while at the same time providing for “managing the forests on the basis of a sustained yield concept.”

Van der Hout writes that 1954 marked the legal beginning ofcontrol of the Forest Department of more than 7.5 million ha of Crown Lands, now declared to beCrown Forests.

Also in 1954, new lease agreements under the new Forest Ordinance were concluded for three major firms operating in the Bartica Triangle (West of the Essequibo River andSouth of the Mazaruni River): British Guiana Timbers Ltd., Willems Timber and Trading Co.Ltd. and Charlestown Sawmills Ltd. (TO BE CONTINUED)

Hauling greenheart logs manually in British Guiana (no date)

8 Sunday Times Magazine

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march 6, 2016

Times Travel & Tourism

Water gushes through rocks at Echillibar Falls

A cascading beauty – Uchi Falls

C

onservationist and hobbyist photographer Annette Arjoon-Martins captures Guyana’s natural beauty in photos which she shares on her Facebook page: Annette & Dave Martins: "Is We Own".

Some of her scenic photos are of remote, rarely visited areas of Guyana, known only among the villagers who spend their daily lives with these picturesque natural landscapes.

This week she shares with Sunday Times Magazine some of her amazing shots of Guyana’s lesser-known waterfalls – though they are familiar landmarks for villagers in the regions they’re found.

The Echillibar Falls is located 20 minutes by road from Monkey Mountain, Region Eight. While it is a cascading wonder, it is also a well-known route for its nearby residents.

In addition, there is Uchi Falls located in Region Seven. Outsiders can reach this waterfall by travelling three hours overland or 20 minutes by helicopter from Paruima village.

Another scenic spectacle, the Kamana Falls is surrounded by untouched rainforest and a border cliff. It lies near Kamana Village and Iwapai Mountain in Potaro Siparuni region in western Guyana.

This area of Guyana has wonderful landscapes for tourists and travellers to discover, with several impressive waterfalls near Kamana Village – well-known to residents – and Orinduik.

For more photos of beautiful Guyana, visit Annette & Dave Martins: "Is We Own" on Facebook.(Cover photo: A woman casually walks across the Echillibar Falls)

A beautiful view not far from home. Children from a nearby village admire the cascading waters of Echillibar Falls

Scenic view of Echillibar Falls

Kamana Falls flows over solid jasper rocks

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MARCH 6 , 2016

Sunday Times Magazine 9

Times Healthy Living

Air pollution and health

R

ecent news reports detail several disquieting warnings for global human health based on new scientific studies on the effect of the air we breathe on our bodies – and minds.

According to one study, air pollution may be linked to obesity, while its link to cancer remains a concern. A 2014 study

by Harvard researchers in Beijing, China, found that the high exposure to particulates significantly reduced lung function in the city’s 22 million residents.

In addition, according to a study from the Royal College of Physicians in London, air pollution causes 40,000 premature deaths a year in the United Kingdom alone, as well as contributes to the incidence of several severe medical conditions, including cancer, asthma and heart disease.

In January 2016, the city of London in England was reported to have reached its own legal air pollution limit for the entire year in just eight days.

Little can be understood of developing countries, many unable, both technically and financially, to conduct their own studies on air pollution and the health of their citizens.

Based on the Royal College’s research, emerging science suggests that air pollution, in particular particulate matter in the air, may be a significant cause of dementia in elderly people and in cognitive impairments in young children.

Vehicle emissions are considered the major cause of air pollution, with power plant emissions a close second.

Late last month, scientists had announced in the Journal of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology that air pollution may be getting

humans fat.

This was based on a study in which lab rats, who breathed Beijing, China’s highly polluted air for three to eight weeks, gained significantly more weight than a control group, and developed several other obesityrelated health problems as well.

The new study is said to indicate that long-term exposure to polluted air may also cause metabolic and inflammatory changes that lead to obesity.

The negative physical changes were more pronounced at 8 weeks than at 3 weeks, which suggests that longer-term ex-

posure is necessary to lead to weight problems.

Duke University professor of global and environmental health Junfeng “Jim” Zhang, who led the study, said in a press release, “If translated and verified in humans, these findings will support the urgent need to reduce air pollution, given the growing burden of obesity in today’s highly polluted world.”

According to Discovery News, a 2013 study concluded that obesity is a rising problem for young adults in China, affecting about 11 per cent of the population be-

tween ages 20 and 39.

Another study, reported in the Times of India, has suggested that pollution affects skin in the form of dark spots usually considered a sign of aging.

According to the survey by the Journal of Investigative Dermatology, traffic air pollution is linked to the formation of dark spots.

The presence of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gas in the pollution affects the skin, which was not investigated before. Dark spots first appear small, and then keep on increasing in size, eventually leading to separate patches, according to Enhance Clinic.

Among the top 10 of the most populated countries, and, along with China considered among the world’s worse air polluters, India largely suffers from this skin problem.

While most women think ageing is the main reason behind pigmentation and appearance of dark spots, the study has strongly hinted that pollution affects skin negatively.

NO2, which is expelled by engines and power stations, and PM2.5, the name given to the smallest particles of pollution which can penetrate deep into the lungs and cause respiratory problems, are the major causes of air pollution health problems.

Early in January of this year, the World Health Organisation (WHO) listed air pollution as a global “public health emergency” warning that it will have “untold effects on future generations”.

It was reported too that according to the UN, 3.3 million people around the world die prematurely due to the effects of air pollution every year.

Notes on your beauty regime I

f you have never started a beauty regimen or want to update your current one, here are some important facts to keep in mind: 1. When you properly wash your face before bed, your skin is still clean

and Tazorac―and makes you more susceptible to sun damage. By taking off the top layer of dead skin cells, you expose more delicate and sensitive skin underneath. When the weather is sunny, exfoliate only once a week.

4. Sunscreen, which you should never skip, is moisturizing. Using a sunblock of SPF 15 or higher in a creamy formula is a great substitute for a daily hydrating lotion.

5. Sweltering temperatures can make lotion act like a plastic sweat suit,

and fresh when you wake up. In fact, too much facial cleansing can dry out skin, prompting it to overproduce oil, which can then translate into a greasy face if you’re hot and sweating. Instead of washing in the morning, splash your face with warm water and massage lightly to revive the skin.

2. Any method of exfoliation thins the skin―including abrasive sponges and topical vitamin A derivatives, like Retin-A, Differin,

3. It's tempting to shampoo every day when heat and humidity make your scalp sweat more than normal. But doing so will only make your hair―which is already susceptible to dryness, due to sun ―even more parched. Instead, shampoo just twice a week. On the off days, spritz your scalp and hair with water or simply rinse in the shower. Then apply a bit of your regular styling product to damp hair and restyle.

heating up the skin and melting the cream into a gooey film. "Sweat transforms the consistency of lotion," says Sandra Marchese Johnson, a dermatologist in Fort Smith, Arkansas.

"Using a body wash that contains hydrating ingredients, like glycerine, aloe, or petroleum jelly, while you're in the shower will suffice as both a cleanser and a hydrator, eliminating the need for any extra moisturizer."

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march 6, 2016

Times Fashion

I

nventive and talented, with an eye for enhancing, Jonathon Adrian Anthony has been designing for three years now with the aim of creating unique clothing and accessories.

“I was motivated to get into designing because of having to constantly buying new bags every few months. So I started making my own bags. This way ensured that I not only have a bag, but one made to suit me and my style and I know it’s of good quality.

My motto is: ‘Designing for the individual; creating for the soul’,” the designer said in an interview with Sunday Times Magazine.

The 24-year-old autodidact designer creates bespoke pieces such as

bags, leather jewellery and clothing.

Jonathon plans to build on his existing business, Jay’s Design, by expanding and designing on a larger scale.

“My focus now is to become an even more established designer.

When I’m faced with a challenge I stay positive and not get frustrated. That is why I would advise youths to follow their dreams and not give up despite challenges. We all encounter challenges that make us think twice about so

much and not wanting to go on. But it is the challenges that make us who we are,” the designer expressed.

To contact the designer, call 592-682-2284.

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MARCH 6 , 2016

Sunday Times Magazine 11

Star Times Hollywood

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amaljit Singh Jhooti, known popularly by his stage name Jay Sean, is a British singer and songwriter. He debuted in the UK's Asian Underground scene as a member of the Rishi Rich Project with "Dance with You", which reached No. 12 on the UK Singles Chart in 2003.

This led to him being signed to Virgin Records and having two UK top 10 hits as a solo artist in 2004: "Eyes On You" at No. 6 and "Stolen" at No. 4. He eventually left Virgin in 2006 and founded his own independent label, Jayded Records. After a gap of nearly four years, he returned in 2008 with his second album, My Own Way, which became his most successful album on the UK Albums Chart. In 2008, he signed on to Cash Money Records label. In 2009, his American debut single "Down" topped the Billboard Hot 100, making him the first solo artist of South Asian origin and first UK urban act to top the Hot 100. Hi other hit, "Do You Remember", quickly followed. The song sold more than a million copies in the US, and entered the top ten on the Hot 100, making him the first male act since Chingy in 2003 to "simultaneously appear in the Hot 100 top 10 with his first two charting singles." The singer is sometimes referred to as a “one-man boy band� and was ranked No. 35 on Billboard's Hot 100 Artists of 2009 list. In 2014, he resigned from Cash Money Records to work as an independent artiste. Jay Sean is said to be the most successful British/European male urban artist in US chart history. He is married to American R&B singer, model and fitness guru Thara Natalie Prashad (whose father is a Guyanese).

12 Sunday Times Magazine

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Times Hollywood

R

onda Rousey may be one of the UFC's wealthiest stars, but she was living in a ramshackle house before her rise to fame. In a preview clip of her upcoming documentary "In Her Father's Eye", Ronda gives a tour of her "hellish" home in 2011.

In the video released via USA Today, the mixed martial artist provides a tour of the kitchen of her Venice Beach home. "People eat here apparently," she says, while showing a lot of things covering her counters. "I don't know how we haven't come up with a new strain of cholera or something."

She then closes an open door to show a note she made to "describe the personality of our kitchen." The words on the door read, "I don't know what our garbage disposal must think of us."

As she moves to the laundry room, the former Bantamweight Champion explains that her lack of interest with her surrounding was due to the fact that she and her roommates were told that the house was going to be torn down soon after they moved out.

"They are tearing this house down

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right after we move out. So as soon we found out we were like, 'Well, who gives a s**t. They're tearing down the house.'

So we kind of let it all go to hell," she says. "But it was already kind of hellish when I moved in. I didn't make it like this."

Ronda also reveals that filmmakers Gary Stretch and Peter Antico called

her before the interview because they assumed that they were at the wrong address when they saw her house. "We were like, 'Where are we?' " Stretch tells USA Today. "It didn't look like the kind of place where someone was actually living. It was like a jungle outside and looked like it was about to fall down." (AceShowbiz)

A

dele made 12-yearold Rebecca Gibney's dream come true.

Following online campaigns

by Rebecca's mother, the singer made a surprise visit to the young girl's home in Belfast, Northern Ireland and sat by her bed with the family.

She dropped by the Gibneys' residence after her first concert in the city to meet terminally-ill Rebecca who wanted to meet the Grammy winner. The star offered the family tickets to her second show on Tuesday at the Short Strand area.

Before Adele's first show, Rebecca's mom, Tracy, launched a petition on Change.org to get the "Hello" hitmaker to meet her "very sick daughter who's [cerebral palsy], epilepsy, can't walk or talk and is tube fed, she has recently became bed bound."

"She listens to Adele from she gets up in the morning until her bed time, all I am asking for is for Adele

happened!!! Thank you so much for liking and sharing everyone, I'm overwhelmed and couldn't be any happier for my baby, still in shock! Adele is just amazing xx," she wrote on Facebook.

(AceShowbiz)

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to FaceTime we Rebecca or send her a video message, it would be her dream come true, please please help for my beautiful sick little daughter," Tracy wrote.

She also tweeted, "I am going to see Adele tomorrow night can anybody help me to get to meet her back stage

and tell her all about wee Rebecca thanks" and several other similar pleas along with pictures of her daughter.

According to Tracy, she hadn't got any reply from Adele's team so she's shocked to find the star show up on her doorstep. "It

im Kardashian is being sued for a car crash she had two years ago. According to Gossip Cop, Rafael Antonio Linares filed a lawsuit against the "Keeping Up with the Kardashians" star, whom he accused of "negligently" hitting his car back in 2014.

In the court papers filed in Los Angeles Superior Court, Rafael says that he "sustained personal injuries which caused and will continue to cause pain, discomfort and physical disability" to him. He's seeking financial compensation for past

ihanna is Vogue's brand new cover star. In the pics, taken by photographer Craig M c D e a n , R i h a n n a shows off some incredible boots - and in doing so, reveals some big fashion news - she has collaborated with footwear King Manolo Blahnik.

"The day I see a woman in the street wearing my shoes... I am sorry for that woman because I'm going to literally run after her, shouting, 'Stop!

Selfie! Who are you? Where did you get them?' I'm going to have a moment!" the “Work� singer said.

Denim, sequins and beautiful artisan embroidery inspired by Rihanna's hand tattoos are the main features, which make up the Spring 2016 capsule collection

Speaking about working with Rihanna and the forthcoming collection, Mr. Blahnik, said: "This is an incredibly exciting collaboration and I am absolutely thrilled with the results working with Rihanna has been amazing and her drive, passion, creativity and style has been reflected in the designs, with fabulous results - I think everyone is going to love what they are about to see." (Glamour)

and future medical expenses, the cost of the repair of his car and some money he had to spend to during the "loss of use" of his vehicle.

Rafael also notes in his filing that he was "gainfully employed" before the accident happened, but has since been "deprived of earnings." He also wants Kim to indemnify him for his "loss of income" and the cost of the litigation.

The accident happened on Sunset Boulevard near Benedict Canyon Drive in Beverly Hills on March 11, 2014. Kim and Rafael's vehicles collided after she

made a left turn at an intersection. An eyewitness said that Rafael was going in the opposite direction and driving straight, despite having his right turn signal on.

Sources close to Kim described the damage as "minimal" and claimed that the guy was "totally fine."

Despite being sued, the 35-year-old star seemed to be in good spirits when she was spotted leaving a salon in Beverly Hills on Tuesday, March 1. She wore an allblack ensemble which she teamed with a pair of grey sports shoes and sunglasses. (AceShowbiz)

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Sunday Times Magazine 13

Star Times Bollywood

A

ishwarya Rai, born November 1, 1973, also known by her married name Aishwarya Rai Bachchan, is an Indian actress, former model and the winner of Miss World 1994 pageant. Through her Bollywood acting career, she has established herself as one the most popular and high-profile celebrities in India. Aishwarya has received several awards, including two Filmfare Awards from ten nominations. She was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India in 2009. She is often cited as the “most beautiful woman in the world”.

Aishwarya made her acting debut with the 1997 Tamil film “Iruvar” and had her first Hindi film release, “Aur Pyaar Ho Gaya”, that same year. Her first commercial success was the Tamil romantic drama “Jeans” (1998), following which she achieved wider success and two Best Actress awards at Filmfare for her performances in “Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam” (1999) and “Devdas” (2002). She garnered critical appreciation in the British drama film “Provoked” (2006). After a five-year hiatus from acting, she made her comeback in the thriller “Jazbaa” (2015). The actress married actor Abhishek Bachchan in 2007 with whom she has a daughter. Her off-screen roles include duties as a brand ambassador for several charity organisations and campaigns. She is a Goodwill Ambassador for the Joint United Nations Programme on AIDS (UNAIDS). In 2003, she was the first Indian actress to be a jury member at the Cannes Film Festival.

14 Sunday Times Magazine

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Times Bollywood

M

egastar Amitabh Bachchan was stumped when he was presented an autographed bat by cricketer Chris Gayle. He says he is in awe of the reach of Indian cinema and that finding a fan in the West Indian cricket star came as a

“revelation” to him.

The 73-year-old took to various social media platforms to express his happiness over getting the token of love from the international batting sensation.

He tweeted: “Mr. Chris Gayle...

What an honour... I never knew you would know me... So humbled. We are all great fans of yours! I mean Chris Gayle, a fan of Hindi movies and presents me a golden bat autographed? I mean this is revelation”.

Gayle, who plays in the Indian Premier League as well, proclaimed himself to be a big fan of the Bollywood “Shahenshah”, who has regaled film buffs for over four decades.

“Proud to gift my Spartan bat to a legend @srbachchan, love his movies and his style, legend. Thanks @spartancricket,” Gayle tweeted. After Big B thanked him, Gayle posted: “See you soon in India.”

The star also used Facebook to express his happiness. He posted: “Chris Gayle! The phenomenal cricketer from WI sent me a bat autographed...

Amazing... I never knew he was such a fan of our films... humbled and so overwhelmed.” Meanwhile, Amitabh is recovering from a mild ailment which laid him low. (PTI)

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hile Varun Dhawan has admirers across the globe, the Bollywood actor is a self-confessed fan of WWE star-turned-actor Dwayne ‘The Rock’ Johnson.

Apparently, Varun considers the AmericanCanadian star as his idol.

From appreciating each other’s work to exchanging birthday wishes, the two actors now share a cordial equation on Twitter.

“I recently wished him when he became a father,” says Varun, adding that now

B

ollywood superstar Salman Khan has been ordered to be present in the court on March 10 to record his statement in a case related to the Arms Act. "Prosecution evidences have finished. The court of chief judicial magistrate (CJM) Jodhpur district has set March 10 as date for recording of statement of the accused (Salman Khan)," Salman's counsel Hastimal Saraswat told IANS. Chief Judicial Magistrate Dalpat Singh Rajpurohit, while dismissing an application from Salman's counsel for re-examination of the then collector Rajat Mishra, said examination of prosecution witnesses has been completed, and ordered Salman to remain present before the court on March 10 for recording of the "accused's statement".

It is the third time that

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onakshi Sinha has spent six years in the film industry. And besides trying her hand at different kinds of movies, the actor has also worked a lot on her physical health. She looks leaner and fitter now.

Sonakshi says she wants to maintain her current look. “When you see the results, you want them to last.

You want to maintain that level,” says the actor, who has often been trolled online for her weight.

Sonakshi blames her chock-a-block work schedule for not being able to fo-

Salman has been asked to record his statement during the trial inthis case.

The court was to pronounce its judgment in this case on February 25 last year, but it was deferred when a few applications for examination of four witnesses were allowed.

After examination of four

cus on her physical fitness in the past. “Sometimes, it gets impossible because of your schedule. Training for my next was really helpful.

I became stronger and fitter.

I was trying to do that for a very long time, but because I was doing four films, I didn’t get the time for it,” says the actor.

However, Sonakshi admits that she took training for her next very seriously, and went “all out” for it.

“I had to do this for myself.

Also, since I had one film, I had the time to maintain my physique. I’m a strong be-

he refrains from connecting with Johnson on social media, as he doesn’t want his posts to make headlines.

“I’ve stopped wishing him on public platforms. I do it differently. I don’t want people to believe that I keep messaging him. As every time I message him, it becomes news here,” he adds. Varun further says, “I am a huge fan. He is a great role model, and a very sweet person.

I have bonded with him recently. Let’s see how our relationship progresses from here.” (Hindustan Times)

witnesses, Salman appeared before the local court on April 29 last year. On Thursday, after completing the re-examination, Salman's advocate again moved an application to examine witness Rajat Mishra, but the court did not allow this and ordered Salman to remain present before the court for recording of his statement on March 10.

Salman and his 'Hum Saath-Saath Hain' co-stars, including Saif Ali Khan, were accused of poaching black bucks on the night of October 1-2, 1998, during the shooting of the Hindi movie. Two black bucks, a protected animal under the Wildlife Protection Act, were killed on the outskirts of Kankani village near Jodhpur. Salman is accused of carrying and using illegal arms. He is also alleged to have been carrying arms with an expired license. (TOI)

liever in being fit. And fitness is not always about being thin or skinny. It’s about being fit, mentally and physically,” she says.

Meanwhile, on the work front, Sonakshi has started taking things slow. “I’m waiting for the right script to come along. I have started doing roles that challenge me in a lot of ways. I don’t think people ever doubted my capability. When ‘Lootera’ (2013) came out, people said, ‘Okay, this girl knows her job and can do well’.” (Hindustan Times)

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Sunday Times Magazine

15

Times Trends

Star of the week

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orn with Guyanese roots, Terrence Telford, known popularly by his stage name Gadinelli, shares his love for the “Land of Many Waters” through his music. The singer, songwriter and recording artiste was born to Guyanese parents on November 15, 1990, in Milwaukee, U.S. Gadinellistarted singing at the tender age of four. He was encouraged to sing in church by his grandparents and parents,“due to their strong religious beliefs”.

Gadinellishared his passion for music at the schools he attended, where he would perform in show choir.

Shortly after graduating from high school, the singer went off to college at the Texas Southern University to pursue studies in psychology. But psychology was not his passion. Gadinelli decided to “take a break to reflect on life and to re-evaluate” what he

Furry Nails

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he craziest nail trend at the moment is furry nails. Models went down the runway at the Libertine fall/winter 2016 show with legit faux fur on their nails. To get the look, paint each nail with nail polish and then adhere brown or white faux fur to each nail with high-gloss top coat. The results are amazing, bizarre, and all around pretty wild.

desired the most – music. Growing up in Milwaukee was difficult for Gadinelli because of “the lack of Caribbean/South American influence in the area”.

At times, he would take frequent trips to New York just to embrace the different cultures that exist there because it is what his “soul needed”. Although being born in the United States, Gadinelli has a “profound love for Guyana”. He first visited Guyana when he was a teenager and “truly enjoyed the natural beauty the country had to offer”. He “fell in love with the people, the food, the culture and the best Guyanese hospitality”. This inspired him to want to sing about Guyana; not about its physical traits, but about how he was personally affected through his meaningful experiences in the country. The songwriter’s most recent song “El Dorado” tells of the “images and

Trending Now

experiences” etched in his mind during his visits to the country. Through this song, Gadinelli “captured the essence of Guyana”. His goal, via his music, is“for Guyana to become even more global, even more powerful, and even more respected”. Gadinelli aims to lead by example by “letting others know that no matter where you are in life or how far you may go, always be true to your roots, values, and culture.

Never deny the deeply rooted, beautiful Guyanese heritage that runs deeply through our veins, just as how the Demerara runs through Guyana”. The singer takes pride in “showing patriotism from afar and representing the pleasant, lovely and picturesque Guyana”.For more information on the singer, visit Gadinelli on Facebook.

16 Sunday Times Magazine

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Times Art

Artist Angold Thompson

A

"Backdam Cart Boys"

ngold Thompson, who is among the well-known artists of Guyana, started drawing when he was just

tives to Guyanese art and identity”. Hosein added that the 1970s was a kind of “crossroads” period in Guyanese art.

He has paintings in private collections in the Caribbean, Europe, the Americas, and the National Gallery of Art

Painting showing houses in Canje, Berbice

"Drying Clothes"

(Guyana).

His first mark as a notable artist was made when he won a national interschool art competition. He later won a Newcomers, Best Watercolour and Three Paintings of the Year awards at national exhibitions between 1966 and 1984.

"Sleep"

nine years old. He was encouraged by his father, Basil Thompson, also a Guyanese artist, to pursue his passion for art.

Alim Hosein, in his notes on Guyanese, said during the “1970s many new artists were coming on to the scene and brining additional perspec-

Through the lens, the applauded artist captures the intimacy of a way of life in his country (Guyana).

Some of Angold Thompson’s are currently being exhibited at the ‘Circa 1970 – The Crossroads’ art exhibition being held at Castellani House, Vlissengen Road.

The exhibition is cur-

One such artist who added to that “Guyanese art and identity” was Angold Thompson.

Thompson attended Central High School, where he worked for three years with English Art Master John Criswick.

The artist has had three solo exhibitions.

"Country Houses"

"Leaving the Scene"

"Little Fisherboys"

"Canje Bridge view"

Thompson has achieved a photographic look in his paintings using water-based and oil medium. His watercolour paintings of Guyana are absolutely beautiful and nostalgic of an era where life was simple, especially in the rural areas.

Another passion of Thompson is photography.

rently opened to the public until March 26, 2016.

Admission is free. Gallery hours are 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.

Monday to Friday and 2 to 6 p.m. on Saturday; the gallery is closed Sundays and holidays.

To contact the artist, call 225-7113 or 6278676.

"Rice Harvest"

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Sunday Times Magazine 17

Times Tech

Apple looks to debut new, small iPhone

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pple looks to debut the iPhone SE, a 4-inch phone with current features from the iPhone 6 and 6S, like faster A9 processor, Apple Pay and enhanced camera, at an event in San Francisco expected the week of March 21.

The new 4-inch iPhone SE will replace the iPhone 5S, which also has a 4-inch screen. It looks to folks who think 6S is too big.

The new phone is “targeted at people looking for latest technology, but in the older form factor,” says Mark Gurman, an editor with the 9to5Mac blog.

Tech news

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“There’s a part of Apple’s user base that prefers the 4-inch model,” says Amit Daryanani, an analyst with RBC Capital Markets. “They have refused to move up to the iPhone 6 or 6S, and Apple wants to satisfy them.”

In 2014, Apple introduced its first large iPhones, the 4.7-inch iPhone 6 and 5.5-inch iPhone 6 Plus, followed in 2015 by the similar-size iPhone 6S and 6S Plus.

The news of a small iPhone comes on the heels of rumours of a massive iPhone 7 that might actually be branded as the iPhone Pro.

ACLU, Digital Rights groups file brief supporting Apple

he American Civil Liberties Union filed an amicus brief in US federal court, backing Apple's stand on security and privacy of its users after the San Bernardino case.

In February this year a federal judge decided that Apple must develop software allowing the FBI to access San Bernardino's shooter phone.

ACLU warns that the court order forcing Apple to offer FBI the decryption software for its iPhone can set itself as a terrible precedent. According to the union, the FBI's argumentation has the potential to lead

Tech BYTE

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In the filings, the groups express their concerns over "the intentional weakening of digital security." In their view, global human rights could suffer if Apple gives in to the pressure from the authorities.

The iPhone that caused the legal clash was used by San Bernardino shooter Syed Rizwan Farook and it belongs to his employer.

To make matters more complicated, the device not only needs special coding for decryption, but sports an additional security feature. Due to it, the smartphone will selferase all data after 10 incorrect password attempts.

Apple said that privacy concerns and the compromise of all its encryption mechanism are at stake, should it follow through with the order. The company added that creating backdoors can have consequences that can impact national security and refused to comply with the court order.

Goodyear’s concept tires for our autonomous driving future

ith autonomous cars becoming closer to reality, tire producer Goodyear has seen the need for rethinking its tires.

At the 86th Geneva International Motor show, the company debuted two concept tires designed for the autonomous cars of tomorrow – including a spherical tire that allow cars to drive sideways and one that can sense road conditions and adapt to them.

The first concept is the Eagle-360, a spherical tire linked to the car by magnetic levitation rather than axles, so it can rotate on any axis in any direction.

This makes the car ultra-manoeuvrable and could pave the way for smaller carparks and more efficient use of road space

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to a radical shift in the relationship between the government and its citizens.

In the amicus brief, ACLU labels the court order as "unlawful and unconstitutional."

"Law enforcement may not commandeer innocent third parties into becoming its undercover agents, its spies, or its hackers," the brief reads.

Digital rights groups Wickr Foundation and Access Now also joined ACLU in the legal proceedings by submitting friend-of-the-court (amicus curiae) filings.

The Goodyear Eagle-360 uses magnetic levitation instead of axles (Credit: Goodyear)

because the Eagle-360 allows the car to move sideways.

Meanwhile, looking more like a conventional tire, the other concept, the Intelligrip, communicates with the autonomous vehicle's control system and assesses road surface and weather conditions using advanced sensors. It also monitors the wear on the tire and vehicle as well as tire pressure and temperature.

Goodyear says that it's already working with car manufacturers on how to move some of Intelligrip's technology into the real world by enhancing features like Electronic Stability Control Systems, Brake Control Systems, and Suspension Control Systems.

View-Master VR: A first VR experience for kids

he View-Master VR is a modern Virtual Realty (VR) take on the View Master which you probably used as a child, and which has been around since the 1930s.

Today however, it's designed to be used with a smartphone inserted (like other mobile VR experiences) along with educational experience app packs which can come nostalgically styled like the viewer reels from your childhood.

It's a VR toy, so don’t expect a VR experience of the Oculus Rift or HTC Vive, or even the Samsung Gear VR. But it’s a wow factor for children and even their parents.

Inside it's two lenses and your phone. However, the Mattel View-Master VR is compatible with a wide range of smartphones. The springloaded mount will hold larger phones securely, while an included adapter lets you also use smaller smartphones like an iPhone 5s.

With a US$30 price tag for the View Master VR, there are still the apps or physical packs (reels) to be purchased.

Currently three packs are available: Space, Wildlife, and Destinations, each coming with three viewing reels focusing on different sub-categories (US $15 per experience pack).

The Mattel View-Master VR with the three available experience packs (Credit: Simon Crisp/ Gizmag)

18 Sunday Times Magazine

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Times Home & Cooking

Recipe of the Week

(Savoury muffin with mini pepperonis and mozzarella cheese)

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ot only do accessories add visual interest to your home, they often help to express your personality.As with most home decor, there are usually some rules when arranging accessories for your home’s interior …

Ingredients 1 1/2 cups all-purpose flour 2 tbsp. white sugar 1/2 tsp. salt 2 tsp. baking powder 1/3 cup vegetable oil 1 egg 1/3 cup milk (optional: additional 2

tbsp. milk) 1 cup mini pepperonis 1 cup shredded mozzarella cheese 12 cupcake liners Additional 1 cup of mozzarella cheese and 1 cup of mini pepperonis for topping

Method Preheat oven to 400 degrees F. Line a 12 cupcake pan with liners. (An option is to bake directly into the pan).

Mix 1 1/2 cups flour, sugar, salt and baking powder. Add in vegetable oil, egg and 1/3 cup milk into flour mixture and stir until batter is smooth. Add in another 2 tbsp. milk if desired.

Fold/stir in cheese and pepperoni.

Fill pan or cupcakeliners about 2/3 full.

Bake for about 18 minutes until muffins turn out golden and knife inserted comes out clean.

Right before eating, top muffins with more cheese and about five slices of mini pepperoni and bake for 4-5 minutes at 350F until cheese is melted.

Serve immediately.

Makes 12

Asymmetry uses odd numbered arrangements,grouped and coordinated by theme, texture or colour that work well for informal rooms or occasions. Stick to symmetry for formal rooms and occasions

Table tops, in particular coffee tables, appear more attractive when accessories are orderly: group similar items and control the cluster by placing some in trays, or incorporate books

GREATEST COOKING TIPS

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ome fruit added to gelatin (usually in Jello/Jell-O) have enzymes that prevent it from setting. These include mango, papaya and pineapple. Add these fruits after the gelatin has fully set or use them as toppings when the gelatin is served.Other fruits added can either sink or float when set. Seedless grapes and fruits in heavy syrup such as fruit cocktail, peaches and pearsare some that will sink, while fresh fruit such as bananas, citrus sections, apples and fruit in light syrup tend to float.

The only difference between “relish” and “salsa” is that the word ‘relish’ is of French origin, and 'salsa' is of Spanish origin. They are both condiments intended to add flavour to other foods, and both can be either raw or cooked.

C Start with the rug as your foundation then build your accessories off of it by colour, texture or theme

HOME HELP

lean your computer and its peripherals with a 50/50 solution of clean water and white vinegar. Use a cloth or cotton swab dipped into the solution and squeezed damp, (a spray bottle could leave droplets on the circuits inside) then wipe. Don’t forget to turn off all equipment before cleaning.

Wood panelling can look updated if you mix one pint warm water, four tablespoons white or apple cider vinegar, and 2 tablespoons olive oil in a container, give it a couple of shakes, and apply with a clean cloth. Let the mixture soak into the wood for several minutes, then polish with a dry cloth.

If your child’s lunch kit or lunchbox starts smelling stale, soak a slice of white bread in white vinegar and leave it in the lunchbox overnight.

The smell should be gone by morning.

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Sunday Times Magazine19

Family Times

PARENTING

Conclusion

H JOKES

This is what they call, ‘a senior moment’

F

or those of us "of a certain age" and for you youngsters, well, these days will come soon enough!

Several days ago as I left a meeting I desperately gave myself a personal search. I was looking for my keys. They were not in my pockets. A quick search in the meeting room revealed nothing.

Suddenly I realised I must have left them in the car. Frantically, I headed for the car park. My husband has scolded me many times for leaving the keys in the ignition. My theory is the ignition is the best place not to lose them. His theory is that the car will be stolen.

As I scanned the car park I came to a terrifying conclusion! His theory was right. The car park was empty.

I immediately called the police. I gave them my location, confessed that I had left my keys in the car, and that it had been stolen. Then I made the most difficult call of all, to my husband's mobile.

"Hello my love," I stammered; I always call him "my love" in times like these. "I left my keys in the car, and it has been stolen."

There was a long period of silence. I thought the call had disconnected, but then I heard his voice.

He barked, "I dropped you off!"

Now it was my time to be silent. Embarrassed, I said, "Well, please come and get me."

He retorted, "I will, as soon as I can convince this policeman I have not stolen your car."

W

‘Til death do us part

hen Joe, a nice man married for over 50 years died, his wife, Myrtle was devastated.

A couple of months later, Myrtle also died. Once in heaven, Myrtle anxiously looked for Joe. Suddenly, behind a cloud, she could clearly see him with another woman.

She ran towards him, calling his name, "Joe...

Darling... Joe..."

Joe said, "Hold your horses woman, and don't 'darling' me. The deal was very clear...'Til Death Do Us Part'!"

O

My favourite animal

ur teacher asked us what our favourite animal was, and I said, "Fried chicken."

She said I wasn't funny, but she couldn't have been right, because everyone else in the class laughed.

My parents told me to always be truthful and honest, and I am. Fried chicken is my favourite animal.

I told my dad what happened, and he said my teacher was probably a member of PETA. He said they love animals very much.

I do, too. Especially chicken, lamb and fish.

Anyway, my teacher sent me to the principal's office. I told him what happened, and he laughed, too. Then he told me not to do it again.

The next day in class my teacher asked me what my favourite live animal was. I told her it was chicken.

She asked me why. I told her it was because you could make them into fried chicken.

She sent me back to the principal's office again.

He laughed, and told me not to do it again.

I don't understand. My parents taught me to be honest, but my teacher doesn't like it when I am.

Today, my teacher asked us to tell her what famous person we admire most.

I told her, "Colonel Sanders."

Guess where I am now...

umans and wildlife are connected to the planet and each other in ways scientists are only now getting a bigger picture about.

We have to encourage our children to be aware of our bond with wildlife.

Protecting the planet involves respecting all of its inhabitants, including plants.

Not buying wildlife products such as their skin, teeth, bones, shells or feathers and traditional medicine made from animal parts, and not visiting places that keep wildlife captive or display them in their unnatural ways, are important steps to take to-

wards safeguarding wild animals.

But teaching children this valuable lesson can also start at home. It includes lessons on compassion for living things.

Teaching children to be aware of backyard wildlife and plant life, and not to harm any creature they come across is an important start to teaching children that wildlife have a place in this world as we do too.

By instilling all the lessons mentioned in this series early on in our children, we can ensure that the planet and all of its inhabitants have a safe, clean environment to live, grow and thrive for many years to come.

STORY TIME

Wild Goose T

wo hunters saw a wild goose fly overhead.

As one of the hunters placed an arrow in his bow and aimed it at the goose, he said, "That goose will make a fine stew."

"Stew?" said the other. "It would be far better to roast it."

"Stewed!" said the first, putting down his arrow.

"Roasted!" replied the other.

The argument went on.

"Let's ask our clan leader to decide the best way to cook that goose."

The leader settled the argument by suggesting that when they caught the goose, half should be stewed and half should be roasted. In that way, everyone's needs would be met.

Pleased, the two hunters went out to shoot the wild goose, but by that time, the goose was safely long gone… (A Tale from China)

By Grammar G

Where did that come from?

E

tymology is generally the study of the origin of words of a language as well as the origin of languages themselves.

For those who study languages, there are questions such as where do words come from and how and when they were first used and sometimes changed over time.

Persons who study word origins are called etymologists. They look for roots of words, their sounds, spellings and meanings, and trace how they may have

changed.

The etymology or word origin of many words – even phrases – can have from simple to amusing to downright strange births and evolutions.

We will look at a few English words since English is now our native language, and discover that not all English words and phrases have English language roots.

The word hazard is said to come from Arabic al zahr meaning “dice” in English.

When the Western European sponsored Crusades arrived in the Middle East, they discovered that very often, games involving dice were associated with the risky business of gambling, in which there were many con artists who cheated by using corrupted dice.

To explode is an English verb today referring to a sudden, often violent and destructive force but its origin comes from Latin ex and plaudere which referred to the

Reflections The Paradoxical Commandments People are illogical, unreasonable, and self-centred.

Love them anyway.

If you do good, people will accuse you of selfish ulterior motives.

Do good anyway.

If you are successful, you will win false friends and true enemies.

Succeed anyway.

The good you do today will be forgotten tomorrow.

Do good anyway.

Honesty and frankness make you vulnerable.

Be honest and frank anyway.

The biggest men and women with the biggest ideas can be shot down by the smallest men and women with the smallest minds.

Think big anyway.

People favour underdogs but follow only top dogs.

Fight for a few underdogs anyway.

What you spend years building may be destroyed overnight.

Build anyway.

People really need help but may attack you if you do help them.

Help people anyway.

Give the world the best you have and you'll get kicked in the teeth.

Give the world the best you have anyway.

Kent M. Keith heckling and derisive clapping that poor acting received from dissatisfied audiences of the time.

Mojo is a Fula of Cameroon, Africa word meaning a magical charm kept in a charm bag usually by a mocc’o or medicine man/ woman. It arrived in English from the American south when it was absorbed into Creole to mean that certain “something” that creates great, sensuous R&B music. In the American 60s it took the meaning of having “the groove”; a charmed life and a quality that helps you be in sync. We now call it being in “the zone”, or the “flow”.

20 Sunday Times Magazine

MARCH 6 , 2016

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Times Sunday Puzzle

I've many holes, but I will never leak.

Not comfortable? Just give me a tweak.

Though often together most of the day, Come bedtime we'll go our separate ways.

Life without me might be kind of a drag, 'Cause when I'm not around things tend to sag.

Doing my job, your reliable mate; This is a "hold-up" you'll appreciate.

What am I? see solution on page 23

see solution on page 23

see solution on page 23

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MARCH 6 , 2016

Sunday Times Magazine 21

Times Kids

Creature Corner

Fire-bellied snake

L

eimadophis epinephelus is the scientific name of the Fire-bellied snake found in the Amazon rainforests of South America.

Growing to about 19-20 in. long, L. epinephelus hunts during the day on a diet of mostly frogs. In fact, it is unique in that it is the only known predator of poisonous frogs such as poison dart frogs.

Leimadophis epinephelus has developed a resistance to the venom of the poison dart

frog. It is believed that the snakes detoxify the frog’s poison with a substance contained in their saliva.

When it feels threatened, L. epinephelus flattens itself and flashes its bright colour to appear more dangerous. It is also said that it vibrates its tail much like a rattlesnake, and in extreme situations it releases a bad smelling scent.

Dot to Dot

GEOZONE

Capital city facts

1

Addis Ababa, loosely translated, means “new flower”.

. A capital city is considered a city or town that functions as the seat of government and administrative centre of a country or region.

2. Reykjavík in Iceland, at 64 degrees north, is the northern most capital city in the world. It is just a few degrees short of the Arctic Circle.

3. Wellington is the world's southernmost capital city of the

sovereign state of New Zealand.

4. The letter B is the most frequent first letter of national capital cities (almost 30) from Baghdad, Iraq to Bujumbura in Burundi.

5. Addis Ababa in Ethiopia is the highest capital city by elevation in Africa.

6. Caracas, Venezuela is the northernmost capital city in South America.

Colouring Fun

The objective of the game is to fill all the blank squares in a game with the correct numbers. Every row of 9 numbers must include all digits 1 through 9 in any order.

Every column of 9 numbers must include all digits 1 through 9 in any order. Every 3 by 3 subsection of the 9 by 9 square must include all please see solution on page 23

digits 1 through 9.

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MARCH 6 , 2016

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Sunday Times Magazine 23

World Times

they compete with humans and other wildlife.

“The crocodiles can’t lay their eggs there anymore, so they climb higher, onto the rocky hillsides,” explains Adifer Miguel Medina Terreras, 23, who works with conservationists at the national park that encompasses the lake, offering boat rides to the island for tourists eager to see iguanas and crocodiles.

“But there the eggs break.

L

Back then, he says, “everyone thought the lake was going to disappear.”

Over the years, the water flooded customs and immigration buildings at border checkpoints, including one that was submerged two years after it was built.

Often, the water would flood the twice-weekly market at the border crossing, forcing hundreds of vendors to carry the food, clothes and other items they sold

have no known connection to the ocean.

Lake Enriquillo is the largest lake in the Caribbean, and it is also the region’s lowest point: in 2013 its surface was 112 feet below sea level.

Along with climate change, other theories suggest erosion and deforestation, occurring drainage, and the result of a 2010 earthquake – but no one has yet found conclusive proof.

Fishermen row near the former migration and customs offices in Jimani, Dominican Republic, on the border with Haiti

ake Azuéi, the largest lake in Haiti, lies about 18 miles east of Port-au-Prince, the capital, along the border with the Dominican Republic. Also known as Étang Saumâtre, the lake rose so much between 2004 and 2009 that it engulfed dozens of square miles.

Twenty-five-year old Alberto Pierre said the submerged village where he grew up wasn’t even near the lake. “The water used to be many kilometres from here… At first we put rocks so it wouldn’t come into our houses. But then the water just overran the rocks.”

Families in the village of Letant began abandoning their houses, building huts on higher ground using wood, tarps, whatever they could find. By 2012, all 83 houses had been vacated.

“We don’t know why the water is rising,” he says.

In fact, nobody does.

There seems to be no logic to the lake’s rise.

Experts from the United Nations, a French engineering firm, a Dominican Republic university, a New York City college and many others have looked for clues to explain the rise of Lake Azuéi and neighbouring Lake Enriquillo, just across the border in the Dominican Republic.

But few theories seem to hold. Some now hypothesize the phenomenon is related to climate change, but the evidence is counterintuitive: Unlike ocean levels, which rise with climate change, lakes tend to shrink.

For the estimated 400,000 people living in the watershed of the two lakes, the fallout has been severe.

Brain Teaser Answer

A belt.

SUDOKU

KID SUDOKU

CROSSWORD

Lake Enriquillo rose an incredible 37 feet in less than 10 years, doubling in size and swallowing at least 40,000 acres of farmland.

Most of those who lost their land are poor farmers.

Meanwhile, the water is destroying a fragile ecosystem. Cao Cao birds (Hispaniolan Palm Crow, or Corvus palmarum) and other bird species lost their habitat as trees where they once nested died, their roots drowned by the water.

Endangered Hispaniola ground iguanas (Cyclura ricordi) and rhinoceros iguanas (Cyclura cornuta) were forced to flee the protected island in the centre of Lake Enriquillo for higher ground above the shoreline where

Two boys row past the remains of houses that lined a street in Lunettes. About a hundred families once lived in the village

Cats, mules eat or trample the eggs.”

At the turn of the century, Terreras says, you could ride a motorcycle to the island during dry season— the water was that low.

through a narrow, overcrowded strip of land.

Lake Enriquillo and Lake Azuéi have always been anomalies. For starters, their water is not fresh, but saline, even though they

With no solution in sight, most expect the water will continue to rise, flooding even more of the limited land on this small island.

(National Geographic)

How excavations in Sudan reveal ‘cultural entanglement’ I n a middle-class tomb just east of the Nile River in what was Upper Nubia, a woman offers a glimpse of how two met civilizations met, mingled and a new pharaonic dynasty arose.

Her tomb was Egyptian, but she was buried in the Nubian style -- placed in a flexed position on her side and resting on a bed. Around her neck she wore amulets of the Egyptian god Bes, the protector of households.

The Nubian woman is, according to professor of archaeology and chair of the Department of Anthropology at UC Santa Barbara, Stuart Tyson Smith, a prime example of "cultural entanglement," the process by which colonizing powers and indigenous people influence one another and change over time.

In a paper published in American Anthropologist, Michele Buzon of Purdue University and Smith explore cultural identity and transformation in the ancient village of Tombos in what is now northern Sudan.

"Entanglement and the Formation of Ancient Nubian Napatan State" details the findings from Smith and Buzon's excavations of cemeteries in Tombos, which became an important colonial hub after the Egyptians conquered Nubia around 1500 BCE. Smith and Buzon's work also upends much conventional thinking about the dynamics of conquest. The graves of Tombos show that rather than the

Nubian influence seen in Egyptian art. Historical records clearly identify the 25th dynasty in Egypt as being ruled by the Nubians, and recognizing the change in Egyptian art at the time of Nubian domination has shed new light on Nubian history

Egyptians simply imposing their will on the Nubians, which Smith calls "the old model," cultural entanglement was a much more potent force shaping both cultures. Intermarriage and cultural pluralism in colonial Nubia gave rise to a new identity and the development of the Nubian pharaohs.

"What we're looking at is a more nuanced model of Egyptian and Nubian culture entangling, and how individual choices drive this kind of ethnic and cultural change, and ultimately enable these Nubian pharaohs to take over,"

Smith said.

The local people, and the colonists coming from Egypt who become locals over time, are driving the trajectory of the civilization as much as larger policies of colonial Egypt or, later on, these emerging pharaohs. That goes over very well with the local population.

They like that idea. It's not just Egypt imprinting their culture on Nubia; the local people are really influencing things and making it possible for the Nubians to eventually rule Egypt."

24

Sunday Times Magazine

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Fun Times

Archie

You will be reminded of people you have had prob(March 21lems with in the past. Guard April 19) against interference by being secretive regarding your feelings and plans. Strive for perfection.

ARIES

Carefully choose which orTAURUS ganizations you help. Not all (April 20are equal, and you don't want May 20) to contribute to a group that isn't worth it. Look for an opportunity to boost your reputation.

Entertainment will be GEMINI (May 21- costlier than anticipated.

June 20) Don't be too quick to put your money into something risky.

A change of scenery, friends or activities will do you good.

Do what you can to improve your surroundings and (June 21make the people you love hapJuly 22) py. Your gesture will be appreciated and will ensure that you have the opportunity to follow one of your dreams.

CANCER

So much will be riding on LEO how you respond to a chal(July 23Aug. 22) lenge. Don't feel obligated to buy into someone else's deal or scheme. Make romance a priority and positive change your goal.

Dilbert

Interacting with people or VIRGO (Aug. 23- groups that have an unusual Sept. 22) appeal will take your mind off any concerns you have been laboring over. Someone will offer a solution that you overlooked.

Put your time and effort LIBRA into self-improvement. Time (Sept. 23- spent with children or your Oct. 23) loved ones will give you ideas about ways you can work together to reach collective goals.

Peanuts

An emotional jolt will get SCORPIO you back on track and spur (Oct. 24Nov. 22) unique ideas that can help you improve your situation at home and your relationships with those you love.

Extravagance, secreSAGITTARIUS tiveness and poor choices of (Nov. 23friends and entertainment Dec. 21) will damage your reputation.

Concentrate on home, family and self-improvement projects, and avoid temptation.

The choice is yours.

Calvin and Hobbes

Look over potential opporCAPRICORN tunities to buy and sell prop(Dec. 22erty or possessions.

Don't hesJan. 19) itate to negotiate if you don't like what's being offered.

Make plans to reunite with old friends.

You can do anything you AQUARIUS (Jan. 20- put your mind to. Turn your Feb. 19) dream into reality by making whatever changes are necessary. Your status, position or personal situation will improve.

PISCES Your intuition won't de(Feb. 20- ceive you. Trust your instincts March 20) and call the shots as you see fit. If someone challenges you, take measures to show that you cannot be intimidated.