Residential Design

The Frey Property

10 Old Sunderland Road, Montague, MA Gareth Crosby

Conway School of Landscape Design Graduate Program in Sustainable Landscape Planning and Design 332 S. Deerfield Road • PO Box 179 • Conway, MA 01341 413.369.4044 • ww.csld.edu •Fall 2009

Index of Sheets Project Goals...............................................1 Historical Context.......................................2 Site Location............................................... 3 Existing Conditions.................................... 4 Slope...........................................................5 Drainage and Soils . ....................................6 Sun/Shade & Microclimates........................ 7 Views & Circulation......................................8 Vegetation....................................................9 Summary Analysis...................................... 10 Design Alternative 1.....................................11 Design Alternative 2.................................... 12 Final Design................................................ 13 Color Rendering........................................ 14 Final Design Discussion.............................. 15 Design Details............................................16 Entry Planting Detail.................................. 17 Plant Palette 1.............................................. 18 Plant Palette 2.............................................19 Plant Palette/Materials............................. 20

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ight years ago Janice Frey was in Montague Center, visiting friends when she happened to walk by a lovely old Victorian farmhouse on Old Sunderland Road. She was enchanted with the house and the property itself. She loved the rural, small-town feel of Montague Center, flanked by modest mountains to the east and the Connecticut River to the west, and its proximity to bigger towns like Hadley and Greenfield for groceries, and Amherst and Northampton for shopping and entertainment. At

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the time, her grandchildren were only a few years old and she thought this would be a perfect retreat from their busy New York City lives. Back home in Aspen, Janice heard the house was up for sale and without so much as a walkthrough, she bought it.

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or the past eight years, Janice has been working on improvements to the house itself and now that it is almost done, she feels it is time to think about the landscape and how it can better reflect her and her family’s interests and habits.

#1 Improve the Entry Experience to the Home

he long asphalt driveway cuts through the property between the western lawn and the house. It then terminates in the heart of the property, right next to the patio.

This is convenient for the tenant in the south end of the house, but an eyesore and an impediment to circulation. Janice is interested in relocating the driveway and the garage to move the parking away from the patio. Changing the entry to the property creates a need to clarify the entry to the house. There are multiple entrances to the house and Janice would like to keep the present entrance to the house the main entrance.

The driveway looking north to the road

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#2 Increase Social and Entertainment Space

anice and her family enjoy hosting friends and family and would like to increase and improve their existing social spaces, which include the patio and lawn. Janice has expressed interest in featuring the old barn foundation which is presently located to the west of and blocked by the garage. The family likes playing lawn games and would like to rearrange the existing island shrubs to open up a more cohesive lawn space around the house. Finally, some of the flowering trees are growing too large for their planted area and are blocking light and views through the windows in the kitchen and dining room. Janice would like to see them removed or relocated in a new landscape design.

The entry to the house from the south

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#3 Improve Food Sustainability

anice has had many years of experience working with agriculture and would like to increase the food production on her property. She would like to grow as much of her own produce as possible. Her interests include increasing the size of the existing garden, incorporating goats and chickens for meat, eggs, and dairy products, building a greenhouse for early seed starting, siting an apiary for honey, and developing a food forest to increase plant diversity, food resources and ecosystem health. She would also like to take advantage of the many sugar maple trees surrounding the house for making maple syrup.

The garden

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Secondary Goals

anice has had some problems with water pooling in the basement. She installed a gutter system with seven downspouts this fall, in hopes that with diverting roof water runoff away from the foundation, water will no longer leak into the basement. With that in mind, the next concern is the bottom of the downspouts. Such places are sources of increased water flow and can create erosion problems. Design alternatives will address methods for limiting erosion potential as well as on site infiltration and retention.

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inally, although not a primary goal, Janice has expressed interest in the possible siting of alternative energy systems on site.

Trees surrounding the house create shade

Project Goals

Designer: Gareth Crosby Conway School of Landscape Design

Fall 2009

Not for construction. This sheet is part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

The Frey Property 10 Old Sunderland Rd. Montague, MA 01351

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estern Massachusetts is at the southern edge of the Northern Hardwood Forest and at the northern edge of the Southern Hardwood Forest. This creates a diversity of plant species and habitat rarely found in the temperate zone.

The Connecticut River has long played an integral role in shaping the human history of the area. Many native American tribes populated the shores of this long river, including the Pocumtuck, Narragansett, Nipmuc, Wampanoag, and Wabanaki. This land adjacent to the river was an important source of food for native peoples, who grew maize in the floodplain and fished for salmon and shad in the rivers. Today the land in the Connecticut River valley is still very productive and it was the reason it was settled early and has continued to maintain a population of farmers and small towns like Montague, Massachusetts, the town where Janice Frey bought her home.

Map of Montague Center. (University of New Hampshire Library Digital Collective)

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he town of Montague is a unique incorporation of five villages including Montague Center, Turners Falls, Millers Falls, Montague City and Lake Pleasant. Settlement began in the area now known as Montague Center between 1715 and 1730 and the town was incorporated in 1754. Settlers moving west to escape the overcrowding of the towns in the eastern portion of the state found Montague Center to be a perfect place for agriculture, in the lowlands between the Connecticut River and the Sawmill River. As industry increased in the early 1800s in Turners Falls, more people moved in to take the jobs created by the mills. In Montague Center, the early industry on the Sawmill River was quickly overshadowed by the growing industry in Turners Falls, and in 1868 all governmental functions moved to Turners Falls.

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The house in the 1900s Courtesy of the Montague Historical Society

ven though the town center had been moved out of Montague 2 Center, the village continued to attract small 1 business and families who continued to profit from 3 the traffic to and from Turners Falls. The home at 10 Old Sunderland Rd. was built around 1860 when the area was still growing with the nearby The beginnings of three present day trees. (1. Norway Spruce, 2. Sugar The Thayers (Montague Historical Society) industrial boom. Located Maple, 3. Tamarack) (Montague Historical Society) within a half mile of the town center, Janice’s 3.26-acre parcel used to be part of a twenty-acre parcel which was probably used for pasture land as was much of New England in the 1800s. Although much of the area is very fertile, this parcel sits elevated above the

Not to scale

100’ wetland buffer

town on a rocky ledge, with a thin topsoil layer. Pictures form the early 1900s show the house and what could possibly be the beginnings of the three massive trees that exist today.

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his Victorian farmhouse is registered with the National Registry of Historic Houses. It has had special access to a nearby spring that is now owned by the Montague Center Water Department. The house sits up on a slight rise that must have given the owners a clear view of the town center, but today many trees and homes block the views in and out of the property. The sketch section (above) is cut from south (left) to north (right).

Historical Context Designer: Gareth Crosby Conway School of Landscape Design

Fall 2009

Not for construction. This sheet is part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

The Frey Property 10 Old Sunderland Rd Montague, MA 01351

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Greenfield 8 mi.

Turners Falls 5 mi.

Montague Center, Montague, MA Millers Falls 4 mi.

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he imminent decline of fossil fuels will have an unprecedented impact on our daily life. Montague Center is a wonderful, safe place to raise a family, but there are very few amenities in town. Within half a mile, or a 10-minute walk, are the Montague Mini Mart, fire department, the Montague Elementary School, post office, library and the town green.

There aren’t any grocery stores closer than Greenfield.

10 Old Sunderland Rd Leverett 6 mi.

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State Forest

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Amherst 12 mi.

Northampton 18 mi.

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ithin 1 mile of the home are the Montague Book Mill, the Lady Killigrew Café and Pub and a local farm stand.

This area has great potential for community food sustainability with some of the most fertile soils in the country and possibilities for hydropower.

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Site Location

Designer: Gareth Crosby Conway School of Landscape Design

Fall 2009

Not for construction. This sheet is part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

he land abutting the property is thickly wooded (1) yet within a half mile are large open spaces (2) for either farming or grazing livestock.

The property (3) is tucked into the land and protected from neighboring views by the woods to either side. This property, with its abundance of woodland near a water body, is an important source of cover habitat.

The Frey Property 10 Old Sunderland Rd. Montague, MA 01351

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This 3.26-acre site has long been in need of landscape renewal.

Janice would like to see it reflect her interests and habits more.

On the western side of the property an easement road (8) is kept open for the Montague Center Water Department to access their water storage tower (9) on the southern property border. This tower is hidden by the woods during the growing season but not during the winter.

The asphalt driveway (1) bisects the front half of the property and terminates in the hub (2) of circulation. Here two cars can park either in the garage or next to the patio (3).

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Large specimen trees (4) tower over the house and the surrounding northern hardwood forest (5). The lawn (6) surrounding the house is dotted with islands of shrubs and trees that make mowing more

troublesome.

An old barn foundation (7) is hidden the west of the garage.

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Deciduous Tree Evergreen Tree Clothesline

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Road Pathway

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Building

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Driveway

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Fence

A house is under construction to the southwest of the property (10) and can be seen from the patio.

Janice likes to grow food and flowers in the garden (11) and has cleared the forest to the southwest (12) to increase solar gain.

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Woodland Edge

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Shrub Edge Property Boundary Contour Line

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Section A-A' looking north

Section A-A1 shows the gradual slope of the northern edge of the property. Three trees dominate the property, towering over the old Victorian home. Shown in Section B-B1, these include a Norway spruce to the north, a tamarack to the west, and a sugar maple to the east.

The old barn foundation creates a retaining wall feature in the landscape. To the west (left on section B-B') of the foundation, the land is about 6 feet higher than to the east.

This would make for a great view of the property if the existing shrubs, trees, garage and shed were moved.

Old barn foundation

Section B-B' looking north

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Existing Conditions Designer: Gareth Crosby Conway School of Landscape Design

Fall 2009

Not for construction. This sheet is part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

The Frey Property 10 Old Sunderland Rd. Montague, MA 01351

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It is important to understand the topography of a site before designing. There are standards that specify the maximum slope percentage for a given activity. This plan divides slope categories by these standards.

1-3%: Recommended for comfortable walking, driving and building.

Observations For the most part, the property has a very gradual slope down from west to east with most of the site between 1% and 10% slope. Notable areas of 10 to 15% slopes are on the northwest edge of the property, north and south of the old

foundation and north of the house.

3-5%: Maximum for ADA accessibility.

5-10%: Maximum slope for winter driveway access without 4-wheel drive.

10-15%: May require some regrading

10-15% 5-10% 3-5% 1-3%

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Interpretation

Design Directive

The topography of this site poses few challenges for design possibilities because most of the site is relatively flat. However, there is potential for pooling in flat areas where the bedrock is closer to the surface.

Regrading may be necessary if the driveway is to move farther to the west.

Slope does not affect design in the heart of the property.

At present, the 10-15% slope north of the house is mowed. This area could be designed to decrease mowing by planting trees or shrubs here.

Consider regrading for pathways, driveways, and buildings on slopes greater than 5%.

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Slope

Designer: Gareth Crosby Conway School of Landscape Design

Fall 2009

Not for construction. This sheet is part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

The Frey Property 10 Old Sunderland Rd. Montague, MA 01351

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Water and its movement in relation to land is a very important consideration for design. A beautiful design can be ruined by erosion and pooling. Soils are intimately connected to drainage patterns. The soils on the property are Hollis soils. They have moderately good infiltration rates and some possibility for water retention. The soil conditions are good for regenerating the shallow watertable on site, but if the bedrock is closer to the surface, these places could experience pooling. Any retention ponds or swales need to be engineered for either retention or infiltration.

The topsoils are poor in nutrients and usually there is no more than 18 inches to the bedrock below.

Because of low fertility, soils will need to be amended if the garden is to be enlarged or fruit trees are to be planted.

Observations The drainage patterns show that water moves generally from west to east. The elevated landform created by the old barn foundation causes water to flow north and south, away from the crown.

No erosion was observed, probably due to the thick vegetation of primary successional and exotic plant species.

Late this fall, gutters and downspouts were installed on seven corners of the house to direct water away from the foundation in an attempt to stop water from infiltrating the foundation and pooling on the basement floor. There is a possible area of pooling to the south of the shed. The vegetation is different and the topography is flat. No standing water was

noted.

Direction of Flow Roof Drainage Possible Puddling Gutter Downspout

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Design Directive

Water from downspouts needs to be directed away from the foundation of the house. This water could cause unwanted erosion or pooling and must either be slowed or contained.

A planting and grading plan for the slopes around the old foundation and north of the house needs to be designed to decrease rate of runoff.

Water can also be an asset when dry spells threaten crops during the growing season.

The design alternatives should address the roof runoff problems, perhaps with some form of underground piping to a catchment system or swale system and plants that can hold the soil.

Any changes to the slopes around the old foundation and north of the house should be done with careful attention paid to keeping the slopes from eroding during rain events.

Understanding the circulation on a site will give you a better idea of how the site functions. Poor circulation may be a problem for maintenance in hard to access places, while heavy circulation should not be blocked by plants or structures.

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Drainage & Soils Designer: Gareth Crosby Conway School of Landscape Design

Fall 2009

Not for construction. This sheet is part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

The Frey Property 10 Old Sunderland Rd. Montague, MA 01351

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Microclimate is the climate within a very small or restricted area, especially when this differs from the climate of the surrounding region. This may refer to an area as small as a few square feet, like a garden, or many square miles like a valley. For the purpose of this plan, areas on the smaller end of the spectrum are considered.

Variables such as season, vegetation, site orientation, elevation, and built structures combine to create microclimates, and this in turn determines what types of plants will thrive.

We can create microclimates by manipulating the landscape through planting, earth moving or adding and removing structures.

The amount of sunlight available is one of the most important microclimate variables to evaluate.

This is done with a sun/shade analysis.

Observations The mature existing vegetation creates many cool shady microclimates around the property (see Sun/Shade diagrams below). Underneath the large sugar maple (1) and Norway spruce (2), only sparse turf grasses grow.

Cold, dry, winter winds come in from the north and west, making the front lawn (3) an inhospitable area from December through March.

The existing garden (4) receives at least 8 hours of sunlight daily from

Winter Winds 1

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Design Directive

To the southwest of the easement, a small meadow (5) is protected from winter winds but is shaded by forest edge most of the day, for much of the year.

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Tree removal can open up the site in certain areas for increased solar gain.

Opened areas could be areas of increased food production or offer bright sites for passive and active solar energy systems.

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Summer Solstice

Sun/Shade Analysis

Equinox

Yellow - areas receiving 8+ hours of sunlight on June 22

Yellow - areas receiving 8+ hours of sunlight on March 22

Orange - areas receiving 7+ hours of sunlight on June 22

Orange - areas receiving 7+ hours of sunlight on March 22

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March 22 to September 22 (the approximate growing season).

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Sun/Shade & Microclimates Designer: Gareth Crosby Conway School of Landscape Design

Fall 2009

Not for construction. This sheet is part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

The Frey Property 10 Old Sunderland Rd. Montague, MA 01351

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Observation

Design Directive

At present, access and circulation is almost entirely limited to the center of the property and the long driveway. The Montague Water Department infrequently uses an easement road(1) to the west of the property to service a water tower on the southeastern boundary.

Design alternatives might include the creation of outdoor rooms, the relocation of seemingly randomly planted shrubs, the relocation of driveway and garage as well as a general design for increased movement and flow through the property.

The present parking area (2) creates a physical barrier for foot traffic from the house to the garden and shed.

The parked cars also act as an unattractive visual for Janice when she is sitting on the patio.

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Bicycle Traffic Infrequent Foot Traffic Frequent Foot Traffic Frequent Car Traffic

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Infrequent Car Traffic Visual Block

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Views Just as circulation can be both positive and problematic, so can views and sightlines. A beautiful house and landscape is a joy to show to passersby but privacy is important to maintain.

Observations

At present, views into the property are limited to a long view down the driveway from the road (3) and in from the easement road (4),(5). Only the water department uses the easement and even then, it is only rarely used.

Views from the house are important. Janice likes to look out the window while doing dishes in the kitchen (6) and while eating

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at the kitchen table (7). These views from inside the house as well as around the property are constantly blocked by both vegetation and parked cars. To the south of the property stands the Montague Center water tower (8), visible from the house after leaf drop in the fall. There is also a house being built to the southwest (9) that is visible from the house. Janice would prefer not to have open sightlines to and from this house.

Design Directive

Direct sightlines should be blocked from the road without completely obscuring the house. A design should consider the mature size of a plant in relation to its surroundings.

Views & Circulation Designer: Gareth Crosby Conway School of Landscape Design

Fall 2009

Not for construction. This sheet is part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

The Frey Property 10 Old Sunderland Rd. Montague, MA 01351

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Observations About half the property is wooded with a sugar-maple-dominated northern hardwood forest (NHF).

The second most predominant layer of vegetation is mowed turf, covering another third of the landscape (MT). ‘Islands’ of lilacs and other shrubs and trees are randomly planted across the lawn and are difficult to mow around (IP).

• Rhododendron • Burning bush • Lilac • Bee balm • Japanese maple • Norway spruce • Turf grasses • Delphinium • Geranium

There are a number of exotic species present throughout the property, possibly competing with native plant species. Native plant species may support more animal species than exotics.

Forest Canopy

NHF

• Black cherry

Norway spruce

• Black locust • Red pine • White ash • Red cedar • Apple • Norway spruce • Red maple • Red spruce

MT

Sugar maple

IP MT

IP Tamarack IP

NHF

Understory

• Shrub dogwood • Sugar maple • Spruce • White maple • Eastern hemlock • Wild grape • Balsam fir • Winterberry • Gray birch • Poplar

MT

IP

• Azalea • Hosta • Rose • Thyme • Lambs ears

IP

(NHF)

Herbaceous layer • Vinca • Poison ivy • Wood fern • Christmas fern • Haircap moss

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Regenerating Shrub Areas

Planted Vegetation

Exotic Vegetation • Japanese barberry • Japanese honeysuckle • Burning bush • Multiflora rose • Periwinkle (vinca)

Meadow

Canopy • Sumac • Hop tree • Lilac • Black cherry Herbaceous Layer • Blackberry • Pokeweed • Buckthorn • Aster • Goldenrod

Japanese maple

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Design Directive Options for design alternatives could include consolidation of shrub and tree islands, grouping plants to create rooms and edges and not islands, removal of exotic species, replacing them with native species, and selective tree removal for increased sun exposure.

• Magnolia • Crab apple

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Vegetation

Designer: Gareth Crosby Conway School of Landscape Design

Fall 2009

Not for construction. This sheet is part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

The Frey Property 10 Old Sunderland Rd. Montague, MA 01351

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Slope 10-15% Views of Property Views blocked Direction of Water Flow Frequent Car Traffic Infrequent Car Traffic Frequent Foot Traffic Infrequent Foot Traffic Bicycle Traffic Gutter Downspout 8+ hours of Sun (June 22) Road Right-of-Way Property Setback

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Discussion The slopes to the north of the house and to the north and south of the old foundation are the areas where drainage and slope need to be addressed to prevent erosion during and after design implementation. Access and circulation is limited to the center of the property where parked cars block movement to and from the house. The easement must be kept open for the Water Department to access the water tower in the back.

The areas to the west and south of the house (light gray on the plan) are areas that receive at least 8 hours of sunlight on the

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summer solstice; however, much of the property is shaded by many large trees and a thick bordering woodland.

Views around the property are constantly blocked by both vegetation and parked cars next to the patio. The long view down the open driveway needs to be partially blocked so that people aren’t able to see all the way into the back yard from the road.

Opening up more light into the property through tree removal will create more space for gardens and make it easier to mow.

Summary Analysis Designer: Gareth Crosby Conway School of Landscape Design

Fall 2009

Not for construction. This sheet is part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

The Frey Property 10 Old Sunderland Rd. Montague, MA 01351

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Alternative 1 d

(1) The driveway is moved to the west of the existing entrance, where it merges with the existing easement road.

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(2) The location of the garage is moved north, opening up the heart of the property. Adjacent to the garage is a wood shed allowing for easy access from the house and possible delivery of wood via truck.

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(3) An elongated stone path creates a clear entry to the house.

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(4) A keyhole perennial bed welcomes the visitor to eat any ripened berries and enjoy the flowers in bloom as they pass by.

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(5) A trellised patio garden of shrubs and perennials is enclosed by the old foundation, creating an outdoor room.

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(6) The space between the house and the old foundation is kept open with a swath of turf allowing open sightlines and freedom to walk and use the space in many ways.

(7) The mowed turf flows from the old foundation through perennial beds of ferns and flowers, woodland edge and meadow creating a space shaped to allow for easy maintenance.

(8) Above the foundation to the west, a berry patch creates a barrier to keep people from walking too near the edge of the foundation.

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(9) Agriculture is kept to the south of the house. This includes an enlarged garden, orchard, and combined goat shed, hen house, greenhouse, and garden shed. The garden and the bees on the edge of the garden can be accessed via the easement.

(13) Two evergreen hedges are planted to block views to the neighbors and the water tower.

(10) Water from the house roof is diverted into buried pipes that lead into a naturalized catchment pond.

Drawbacks include the location of the hens and the greenhouse at the farthest edge of the garden from the house, and a longer walk from the garage to the back of the house.

(11) Many trees are removed, including the large tamarack near the house. This opens up more possibility for passive and active solar energy sources for the house, garage, and greenhouse.

(12) Many trees are planted, including orchard varieties and ornamentals.

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Design Alternative 1 Designer: Gareth Crosby Conway School of Landscape Design

Fall 2009

Not for construction. This sheet is part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

The Frey Property 10 Old Sunderland Rd. Montague, MA 01351

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Alternative 2 Ro ad

( 1)The driveway becomes a double access driveway allowing for more flexibility for visitor parking and flow.

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(3) The woodshed is located northwest of the house and easily accessed by the house and the driveway.

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(4) The entry to the south of the house is in a direct line with the garage to indicate it as the primary entrance while keeping the historical entry to the north de-emphasized yet accessible by making the path less direct.

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(5) The trellis does not completely cover the space, leaving it open in the corners for a fire pit and a brick pizza oven.

(6) There is a butterfly meadow above the old foundation offering over 180-degree views of the property and an attractive attractant for pollinators.

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(2) The garage is facing the road and the visitor parking is located to the west of the garage.

This places the garage between the parking and the house, necessitating a physical barrier to the southwest of the garage and a bold visual indicator of entry direction to the northeast of the garage. This is created by a large trellised gateway connected to a hedge that lines both the east side of the driveway as well as the bird garden beyond.

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(7) A forest garden takes the place of existing turf and forest to the east of the house.

(8) Shrub islands are removed for an increased open turf area.

(9) The garden is designed for ease of maintenance and access and it incorporates the goats and hens to the west and greenhouse to the southwest, all easily accessed by the easement.

(10) The bees are located in the meadow to the west of the easement.

(11) Water from the roofs is directed into a naturalized retention pond to the northeast of the house and to the north of the garden.

This increases the habitat diversity on site and creates opportunity for passive irrigation of the garden.

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(12) The goat and hen house is built into the grade to take advantage of the elevation change. The goat manure can be swept out the east side of the barn to produce compost for the garden.

(13) Two evergreen hedges are planted to block views to the neighbors and the water tower.

Drawbacks to this design include possible shading of the food forest, and the orientation of the garage, which is not as conducive to solar energy. The large tamarack stays, possibly making the house too shaded for active solar. The greenhouse is far from the house. The driveway is longer than the existing driveway and may need more maintenance.

Design Alternative 2 Designer: Gareth Crosby Conway School of Landscape Design

Fall 2009

Not for construction. This sheet is part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

The Frey Property 10 Old Sunderland Rd. Montague, MA 01351

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Retention Pond Wetland

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See sheet 14 and 15 for details

Bird Garden

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Food Forest

Beech Garden

Shade Garden

Redirected Driveway

Sunny Trellised Patio

New Garage Orientation

Nut Trees

Garden

Butterfly Garden

Water Garden

Greenhouse Apiary

Goat/Hen/ Garden Shed

Forage Pasture

Forage Pasture

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Final Design

Designer: Gareth Crosby Conway School of Landscape Design

Fall 2009

Not for construction. This sheet is part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

The Frey Property 10 Old Sunderland Rd. Montague, MA 01351

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New Garage Orientation

Sunny Trellised Patio

Goat/Hen/ Garden Shed

Apiary

Greenhouse

Forage Pasture

Evergreen/ Conifer Hedge 05

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Artistic Rendering Designer: Gareth Crosby Conway School of Landscape Design

Fall 2009

Not for construction. This sheet is part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

The Frey Property 10 Old Sunderland Rd. Montague, MA 01351

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• The driveway is paired down from the existing length and widened to the west to accommodate three cars. It could be modified in the future to connect to the easement if need be. Two cars can now drive straight into the garage. The driveway is lined with winterberry, witch-hazel, and ornamental grasses for definition and winter interest. There is a break in the hedge and a black locust trellis indicates the entrance to the heart of the property. To the west of the garage, a gate blocks wayward visitor entry to the garden. Grading may be necessary to keep water from pooling in the driveway.

• Trees are planted on the road side of the property to protect from winter winds and unwanted views from the road. When mature, these trees will continue to buffer the winter winds but will need to be under-planted with shade- tolerant species.

• Between the driveway and the house is a bird garden, providing escape and nesting habitat, food and water for birds, as well as beautiful color and winter interest.

• Wood is stored in a woodshed to the north of the house under the existing Norway spruce. It is easily accessed by the driveway for deliveries and from the house.

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the trellised patio and the nut trees. The ground under the trees by the road is planted with meadow species or low mow turf species.

Evergreen hedgerows are planted to block sightlines from the nearby house and water tower, providing some species richness in the forest.

Renewable Energy • Possibilities for renewable energy sources are limited to solar. The most feasible being solar hot water with evacuated tubes. The garage is the most probable site and will need professional assessment. A solar electric fence system may be feasible for this site and should be considered for the goats.

Tenant

Social Space

• The old foundation frames the western edge of the patio garden where a black locust trellis abuts the southern side of the garage and provides a structure to grow grapes and other fruiting or flowering vines.

• The water garden tucked into the southern corner of the foundation grows edible, water-loving plant species and accommodates the water from the garage roof. Any extra water is diverted to the surrounding gardens or the vegetable garden to the south via buried overflow pipes.

• Above the patio garden, to the west, the shrubs and trees are removed and a new butterfly garden gives the hill a little more height while allowing for sunlight infiltration to the patio below.

Plant species here are colorful and attractive to pollinators.

Agriculture

Agriculture on the site includes an expanded vegetable garden, animals, TN MN

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and a food forest.

• The garden is laid out for ease of maintenance with two wide main paths.

Larger beds are for staple crops such as corn, potatoes, squash and beans. A three-bin compost system is sited by the Norway spruce to the east of the garden where the soil is rocky. The greenhouse is located near the shed and somewhat central to the garden.

• The food forest replaces some existing wooded area to the east of the house and is easily accessed via doors on the east side of the house.

• Nut trees line the southern edge of shrub and forest line. The existing wooded edge is pushed back, allowing more light for the nut trees, and is replaced by forage shrub varieties

Final Design Discussion Designer: Gareth Crosby Conway School of Landscape Design

Fall 2009

Not for construction. This sheet is part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

for the goats.

• Bees are sited in the southern meadow where they are left alone and receive enough morning and daytime sunlight.

• Hens are attached to the shed near the garden and are contained by a fence. The eggs are easily accessible through a door in the shed and the chickens can be used in a chicken tractor structure to maintain and fertilize garden beds.

Lawn and Evergreens The lawn space is consolidated in this design, leaving space for lawn games near

The Frey Property 10 Old Sunderland Rd. Montague, MA 01351

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Detail: Shed

Connecting the shed to the garden serves multiple purposes. The goats and chickens need shelter and the garden tools, animal feed, and other equipment need to be covered and contained. The goats and chickens produce manure that is perfect fertilizer for the garden when composted. The shed is entered on the north and west sides, three feet above the garden. The floor level is three feet above the garden at the eastern end of the shed. This is designed so manure can be easily swept out of the goat stalls and into a compost pile below. The shed takes advantage of the slope and decreases the amount of fill needed to be brought in for grading. The hens are fenced in (not shown) but can be moved around the garden in a chicken tractor and with movable fence.

The Shed

Hens

Goats

Shed Grading

Sketch Section of Shed

Detail: Trellis

The trellis abuts the south side of the garage. It provides a structure for sun-loving vines and shaded outdoor seating. The trellis is made of black locust harvested from the property and milled on site. The water garden can store water from the garage roof and can be designed with an outflow that irrigates the surrounding flower beds.

Sketch Section of Trellis TN MN

Design Details

Designer: Gareth Crosby Conway School of Landscape Design

Fall 2009

Not for construction. This sheet is part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

Plan View of Trellis

The Frey Property 10 Old Sunderland Rd. Montague, MA 01351

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Driveway

Trumpet creeper Clematis ‘Ababella’ Cornelian cherry ‘Elegant’ Cornelian cherry ‘Yellow’ Deutzia ‘Nikko’ Witch-hazel ‘Arnold’s Promise’ Winterberry ‘Jim Dandy’ Winterberry ‘Red Sprite’ Sourwood Peach ‘Reliance’ Nanking cherry Pasque flower

Copper Beech Garden Silver maple Sugar maple Anemone Lily of the valley Hayscented fern Copper beech

Asca Asc Ab Cm Dp Fs

Bird Garden

Bugbane Bottlebrush buckeye Lady’s mantle Shadbush, juneberry Amsonia ‘Willo Blue Star’ Astilbe ‘Red Sentinel’ Birch ‘Young’s Weeping Birch’ Mountain bluet Dwarf hinoki falsecypress Bunchberry Kousa dogwood ‘radiant rose’ Redosier dogwood Cosmos Foxglove ‘Strawberry’ Wintergreen Rose of Sharon Inkberry ‘Shamrock’ Coral honeysuckle Partridgeberry Elderberry Snowberry - white Dwarf lilac ‘Miss Kim’ Highbush blueberry

Butterfly Meadow

Bugbane As Butterfly weed At Ostrich plume astilbe Asf Butterflybush ‘Miss Ruby’ B Feather reed grass Caa Fringe tree - white Cv Tufted hair grass Df Purple coneflower Ep Coneflower ‘Orange Meadowbrite’ Eo Globe thistle Er Joe-pye weed - dwarf Ed Miscanthus ‘MorningLlight’ M Beebalm Md Evening primrose Oe American plum Pa Plum agen x grand duke Pdg Plum ‘Mount Royal’ Pdm Plum ‘Cocheco’ Ps Black-eyed Susan Rf Meadow rue T

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TN MN

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Cr C Cme Cmy Dg Hi Ivj Ivr Oa Pp Pt Pv

As Ap Am Ac Amt Aa Bp Cem Cho Cc Ck Cs Css D Gp Hs Ig Ls Mr Sc Sa Sp Vc

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Entry Planting Detail Designer: Gareth Crosby Conway School of Landscape Design

Fall 2009

Not for construction. This sheet is part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

The Frey Property 10 Old Sunderland Rd. Montague, MA 01351

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Driveway Trumpet creeper Cr Clematis ‘Ababella’ C Cornelian cherry ‘Elegant’ Cme Cornelian cherry ‘Yellow’ Cmy Deutzia ‘Nikko’ Dg Witch-hazel ‘Arnold’s Promis’ Hi Winterbery ‘Jim Dandy’ Ivj Winterbery ‘Red Sprite’ Ivr Sourwood Oa Peach ‘Reliance’ Pp Nanking cherry Pt Pasque flower Pv

Campsis radicans Clematis spp.

Cornus mas Cornus mas Deutzia grasilis Hamamelis x intermedia Ilex verticillata Ilex verticillata Oxydendrum arboreum Prunus persica Prunus tomentosa Pulsatilla vulgaris

Coral honeysuckle

Bird Garden Bugbane As Bottlebrush buckeye Ap Lady’s mantle Am Shadbush, juneberry Ac Amsonia ‘Willow Blue Star’ Amt Astilbe ‘Red Sentinel’ Aa Birch ‘Young’s Weeping Birch’ Bp Mountain bluet Cem Dwarf hinoki falsecypress Cho Bunchberry Cc Kousa dogwood ‘Radiant Rose’ Ck Redosier dogwood Cs Cosmos Css Foxglove ‘Strawberry’ D Wintergreen Gp Rose of Sharon Hs Inkberry ‘Shamrock’ Ig Coral honeysuckle Ls Partridgeberry Mr Elderbery Sc Snowberry - white Sa Dwarf lilac ‘Miss Kim’ Sp Highbush blueberry Vc

Actea simplex ‘brunette’ Aesculus parviflora Alchemilla mollis Amelanchier canadensis Amsonia tabernaemontana Astilbe x arendsii Betchula pendula Youngii Centaurea montana Chamaecyparis obtusa Cornus canadensis Cornus kousa Cornus stolonifera Cosmos sulphureus Digitalis spp.

Gaultheria procumbens Hibiscus syriacus Ilex glabra Lonicera sempervirens Mitchella repens Sambucus canadensis Symphoricarpos albus Syringa patula Vaccinium corymbosum

Cornelian cherry

Patio Garden Japanese anemone Cutleaf Japanese maple Lady’s mantle Goats beard Asparagus ‘Purple Passion’ Lady fern False indigo Purple smokebush Coral bells Iris ‘Siberian Iris’ Royal fern Russian sage Balloon flower ‘Sentimental Blue’ Ornamental rhubarb Jostaberry Lingonberry ‘Regal’ Grape ‘Bluebell’ Grape ‘Beta’ Grape ‘Reliance Seedless’ Grape ‘Somerset Seedles’

Amsonia Aj Acp Am Ad APP Aff Ba Coc Hva Iss Or Pa

A. x japonica, syn. A. hupehensis Acer palmatum Alchemilla mollis Aruncus dioicus Asparagus spp.

Athyrium filix-femina Baptisia spp.

Cotinus coggygria Heuchera villosa var. atropurpurea Iris siberica Osmunda regalis Perovskia atriplicifolia

Pg Rp RJ Vv Vb VB Vr Vs

Platycodon grandiflorus Rheum palmatum Ribes spp x Vaccinium vitus-idaea Vitis spp.

Vitis spp.

Vitis spp.

Vitis spp.

Ip IL

Iris prismatica Iris setosa

Nn NyA NyG Sag Sch

Nelumbo nucifera Nymphaea. spp Nymphaea. spp Sagittaria sagittifolia Schoenoplectus lacustris

Pasque flower

Water Garden Iris ‘Ker-Gawl’ Iris - hary iris ‘Link’ Water lotus ‘Mrs. Perry D. Slocum’ Water lily ‘Aurora’ Water lily ‘Gonnere’ Arrowhead Common bull-rush

Balloon flower

Photos on this page from Wikimedia

TN MN

Plant Palette 1

Designer: Gareth Crosby Conway School of Landscape Design

Fall 2009

Not for construction. This sheet is part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

Water lotus

The Frey Property 10 Old Sunderland Rd. Montague, MA 01351

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Shade Garden Maidenhair fern Columbine Jack-in-the-pulpit Canada wild ginger Brunnera ‘Jackfrost’ Sweetshrub ‘Venus’ Bleeding heart Hosta ‘Abba Showtime’ Hosta ‘Abiqua Kalidascope’ Twinleaf Honeyberry ‘Blue moon’ Honeyberry ‘Blue velvet’ Virginia bluebells Wild phlox Solomon’s seal Lungwort ‘Mrs Moon’ Bloodroot Foamflower Trillium Great merry-bells

Adp Aqc Art Arc Bm Cal Di Habb Habi Jd LcBm LcBv Mv Pd Pf Ps Sang Tc Tl Ug

Adiantum pedatum Aquilegia canadensis Ariseama triphyllum Asarum canadense Brunnera macrophylla Calycanthus floridus Dicentra formosa Hosta spp.

Hosta spp.

Jeffersonia diphylla Lonicera caerulea var. edulis Lonicera caerulea var. edulis Mertensia virginica Phlox divericata Polygonatum florum Pulmonaria saccharata Sanguinaria canadensis Tiarella cordifolia var. collina Trillium luteum Uvularia grandiflora

Bloodroot

Butterfly Garden Bugbane Butterfly weed Ostrich plume astilbe Butterflybush ‘Miss Ruby’ Feather reed grass Fringe tree - white Tufted hair grass Purple coneflower Coneflower ‘Orange Meadowbrite’ Globe thistle Joe-pye weed - dwarf Miscanthus ‘MorningLlight’ Beebalm Evening primrose American plum Plum agen x grand duke Plum ‘Mount Royal’ Plum ‘Cocheco’ Black-eyed Susan Meadow rue

As At Asf B Caa Cv Df Ep

Actea simplex ‘brunette’ Asclepias tuberosa Astilbe straussenfeder Buddleja spp.

Calamagrostis x acutiflora Chionanthus virginicus Deschampsia flexuosa Echinacea purpurea

Eo Er Ed M Md Oe Pa Pdg Pdm Ps Rf T

Echinacea spp.

Echinops ritro Eupetorium spp.

Miscanthus sinensis Monarda didyma Oenothera biennis Prunus americana Prunus domestica Prunus domestica Prunus spp.

Rudbeckia fulgida var.sullivantii Thalictrum rochebrunianum

Jack-in-the-pulpit

Nut Tree Hedge

Coneflower

Shagbark hickory Cao Chestnut ‘Colossal’ CaCo

American yellowwood Clk Mulberry ’Illinois Everbearing’ Mul Korean nut pine Pk Raspberry ‘Amity’ Ri

Carya ovata Castanea spp. Japanese x European Cladrastis kentukea Morus alba x rubra Pinus koraiensis Rubus idaeus

Tufted hair grass

Food Forest Chanterelle mushroom Quince ‘Aromatnaya’ Goumi ‘Sweet Scarlet’ Common witch-hazel Spicebush Ostrich fern Meldar ‘Marron’ Lapins cherry Plum ‘Hollywood’ Plum ‘Brooks’ Asian pear ‘Chojuro’ Elderberry ‘Adam’s No. 1’ Comfrey

Cac Co Em Hv L Ms Mg Pra Prc Prd Pyp Sc So

Cantharellus cibarius Cydonia oblonga Eleagnus multiflora Hamamelis virginiana Lindera benzoin Matteuccia struthiopteris Mespilus germanica Prunus avium Prunus cerasifera Prunus x domestica Pyrus pyrifolia Sambucus canadensis Symphytum officinale

Shagbark hickory

Photos on this page from Wikimedia

TN MN

Plant Palette 2

Designer: Gareth Crosby Conway School of Landscape Design

Fall 2009

Not for construction. This sheet is part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

The Frey Property 10 Old Sunderland Rd. Montague, MA 01351

Goumi

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Wetland Garden Bog-rosemary Chokeberry Marsh marigold Common buttonbush Enkianthus ‘Redvein’ Ginkgo Iris ‘Penny - Hooker’s iris’ Iris ‘Northern blue flag’ Cardinalflower Pitcherplant American cranberry

Andp Arm Cp Ceo Ec Gb Ih Iv Lc Sap Vm

Andromeda polifolia Aronia melanocarpa Caltha palustris Cephalanthus occidentalis Enkianthus campanulatus Ginkgo biloba Iris hookeri Iris versicolor Lobelia cardinalis Sarracenia purpurea Vaccinium macrocarpon

Bog-rosemary

Plants in smaller groupings or solitary Honey vine Norway spruce Eastern hemlock Autumn olive ‘Ruby’ Blueberry - high bush ‘Bluecrop’ Blueberry - high bush ‘Duke’ Blueberry - high bush ‘Darrow’ Yellowhorn Clematis ‘Sweet Autumn’ Sweetshrub ‘Venus’ Green and gold Flowering dogwood Geranium cranesbill Maakia Delphinium - larkspur Christmas fern Blackberry ‘Tripple Crown’ Blackberry ‘Black Diamond Thornless blackberry’ Dutchmans pipe

Sl Pab Tsc Eu

cynanchum laeve Picea abies Tsuga canadensis Eleagnus umbellata

vine tall tree tall tree small tree

east porch evergreen hedge evergreen hedge garden

Vcb

Vaccinium corymbosum

medium shrub

garden

Vcd

Vaccinium corymbosum

medium shrub

garden

VcD Xs Ct Cf CV Cof Gc Ma DL Poa RT

Vaccinium corymbosum Xanthocerus sorbifolia Clematis terniflora Calycanthus floridus Chrysogonum virginianum Cornus florida Geranium spp.

Maakia amurensis Delphinium spp.

Polystichum acrostichoides Rubus spp.

medium shrub garden medium shrub garden vine goat fence medium shrub house patio groundcover house patio medium tree house patio groundcover house patio tree house patio perennial flower house beds south of tenant fern house east side perennial vegetable house beds south of tenant

RB Ard

Rubus spp. Hybrid Aristolochia durior

medium shrub vine

house beds south of tenant west of garage

Marsh marigold

Photos from Wikimedia

Cardinalflower

Materials Use of on-site materials lessens the environmental impact of materials transportation. There are many materials found on site and close by that can be used.

Stone

•Boulders and slabs of granite from the foundation of the remodeled addition.

•Slate from the roofs of the house.

•Goshen stone is locally quarried. It is a silver to bluish gray metamorphic rock.

•Ashfield stone looks similar but is formed of a mica-garnet schist.

Goshen stone fireplace Photo from 112 Clark St. Easthampton

Wood

•Black locust - one of the hardest woods in the US, is very rot resistant, and is commonly used for structures exposed to weather.

•Black cherry - often used for cabinetmaking, paneling and veneer.

•Maple - is best used for flooring and is considered the best wood for turning. It can be used for new buildings on site.

•Tamarack - because of its natural decay resistance and good strength properties, tamarack is used for posts, poles, mine timbers, and railroad ties. Other uses include rough lumber, fuel wood, boxes, crates, and pails. This wood can be used for attractive fencing by the goats.

Plant Palette/Materials Designer: Gareth Crosby Conway School of Landscape Design

Fall 2009

Not for construction. This sheet is part of a student project and not based on a legal survey.

Glacial boulders from house renovation on site

The Frey Property 10 Old Sunderland Rd. Montague, MA 01351

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