MakingGuyanaproud India
Worldwide
Miss Teen India Worldwide, Beau ty Razack is a force to reckon with. In addition to her current title, Beauty holds 25 global titles and nominations and recently represented Guyana at the Caribbean Youth Ambassadors Pro gramme. In this photo, Beauty show cases her skills in yoga, an interest that she picked up during her pageant journey and hopes to continue practis ing (Delano Williams photo)
Meet Miss Teen
Sunday, August 21, 2022
IN this the august month of August 2022, we are taking a historic and au gust look at portions of the careers of two Guyanese West Indies Test cricket ers who were born in August. Sir Clive Hubert Lloyd was born in Georgetown on August 31, 1944. Shivnarine Chan derpaul, CCH, was born 30 years later at Unity on the East Coast, Demerara, Region four, on August 16, 1974. Both cricket celebrities are, in fact, house hold names in Guyana and beyond. Since it is now the middle of August 2022, the decision was taken to feature these two August-born Guyanese, who are former active cricketing stalwarts in this August feature article in this year 2022. As an August-born cricketer, Sir Clive Lloyd set the bar extremely high for all other Guyanese and others who had to follow in the “gentleman’s game” of cricket. During his captaincy of the West Indies, the six-foot-four Lloyd, took the West Indies on a winning streak of 27 wins without a single loss, earning Clive Lloyd the distinction of being regarded as the most successful Test Captain of all time. He headed the West Indies to a level when it was described as “The most fearsome and feared team in the world.”
Nonetheless, the younger cricketing genius, five-footeight, Shivnarine Chanderpaul, when given the opportunity, did not fail. He stepped up to the plate - or rather, to the pitchdisplaying his batting prowess with the kind of grit which won the hearts of so many cricketing fans both locally and glob ally, during his many years as an active professional cricket
II CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT Sunday, August 21, 2022
An English commentator once described Lloyd as he was leaving the pavilion to take strike at the wicket; “He is now heading to the crease, striding like a leopard going gently after its prey, and with the sole purpose of devouring it.” Clive Lloyd always showed gentlemanly conduct both on and off the field. He was and still is, an August month class act and a magnifi cent role model for youngsters involved in cricket and other sports. Those who attempt to establish that there are no positive role models for youngsters in Guyana are probably living under the Bourda Ground-size Shea Rock located in the South Rupununi Savannah in RegionShivnarineNine.Chanderpaul is also most certainly a role model
The Two Guyanese August-Born Cricketing Greats
er, which Westingmencedcareerprofessionalatcommencedheage19.HiscomplayfortheIndiesin a match against England on March 17, 1994. It concluded in a match also against England on May 1, 2015, with a total of 164 Test matches to his credit.Many citizens of Georgetown, and Guyana at large, have seen Lloyd and Chanderpaul, extremely talented cricketers, do marvels and even miracles of sorts on the cricket field while taking strike. Sir Clive was a joy to behold as, with bat in hand, he did mar vellous performances while at the crease, dispatching many balls to the boundary for “Four” and “Six.”
Six-foot-four, August-born Sir Clive Lloyd towers over five-footnine, March-born Francis Quamina Farrier with mutual respect.
SEE PAGE XIV
With National Director Hashim Alli and Vice President Melicia Partab-Alli Beauty (second left) at the pag eant in New JerseyWith her yoga instructor Agnela Mazrekar Beauty recently won the title of Miss Teen India Worldwide in New Jersey
Razack.Beauty
At 12 years old, after writ ing the National Grade Six Examination, she gained a scholarship to pursue her sec ondary education in George town. She attended Richard Ishmael Secondary, wrote CXC and achieved 21 passes. Now pursuing a Bache lor’s Degree in Civil Engi neering and another degree in International Relations with hopes of getting into law, Beauty has big plans for herself ever confident that she will be able to achieve whatever it is that she sets her heartEvenon. with an academic inclination, Beauty has always entertained the thought of getting into pageantry, espe cially with her relatives and friends prodding her along the way. She recalls what an impression the girls on stage had on her as she viewed them on television as a child growing up. She also recalls seeing the directors of Miss India Guyana Organisation pro moting their pageants. “A lot of people also sent me the flier encouraging me to do it. So I think it is the belief of people that influenced my decision to join pageantry,” she reflected in an interview with Pepperpot Magazine recently. Among the persons who helped her was Yoga teacher Agnela Mazrekar. “What I did for my talent was incorporat ing yoga with instrumental music. I came here a few weeks before the pageant, and she really worked with me. Even though the pageant is over, yoga is something that I want to continue doing,” BeautyWhileshared.yoga may seem an easy thing to do, Agnela shared that it takes a lot of practice, even months before getting into certain stretches. “What she [Beauty] had was confidence. I kept telling her that her face is so beautiful. I am hoping that she will con tinue this journey of yoga,” Agnela shared. She impressed upon the teenager that with hard work, dedication and practice, she was going to be success ful, and Beauty’s attitude of always being punctual and showing up for her classes only made things easier. Agnela was able to help Beauty with her breathing and meditation. “Yoga is not only about physical fitness. It also works with your mental health, especially when you’re going on such platforms. It keeps you very calm; you walk with grace. A person who does yoga will always have a calm face or when speaking, the voice will be in control; the nervousness would not be shown,” Agnela shared.One of Beauty’s directors, Melicia Partab-Alli, explained that Beauty is the second Guyanese over the 30 year span of the pageant to capture this international title. The teen category was launched in 2019. “It wasn’t an easy road. Those girls came with their ‘A’ game; they are pageant en thusiasts at heart. But Beauty kept up with all that competi tion. You always look for the girl with the ‘it’ factor and Beauty had that; you couldn’t take your eyes off her.” According to her, Beau ty currently holds over 25 global titles and nominations and would have recently rep resented Guyana at the Ca ribbean Youth Ambassadors Program aimed at promoting leadership and civility among the countries in the Western hemisphere. She is a Changemak er with UNITE2030 (an initiative that falls under the works of the United Nations). The Global Peace Chain also appointed her as one of the Global Peace Ambassadors for the years (2020-2022). Beauty is the country representative for the Global Youth Model United Nations (GYMUN), Country Director and Rep resentative at the Interna tional Crisis Summit (ICS), Representative at UNFPA Caribbean, Advocate at UN Women Caribbean, Ambas sador at Blessed Girls Glob al Chapter, Representative at the International Affairs Committee (IAC), Deputy Country Coordinator at the International Youth Summit (IYS), United Nations Sus tainable Development Goals (SDG) Ambassador, Mem ber of Cure Violence and Foundation for Environ mental Education among other local and international bodies that deal with the af fairs of youth and the social ills of the global community.
JUST to be able to represent Guyana at an international level in pageantry was a great accomplishment for 18-year-old Beauty Razack. But being able to win the title of Miss Teen India Worldwide pageant in New Jersey made her incredibly happy to know that the hard work she put in and the sup port she received did not go in vain. Hailing from the small Amerindian community of St. Cuthbert’s Mission, located some 65 miles up the Mahaica River with an approximate population of 1,700, Beauty grew up with her single-parent mother and grandparents who instilled in her certain values that she believes have gotten her where she is today.
IIICHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, August 21, 2022
Making Guyana proud Meet Miss Teen India Worldwide
Unearthing rare finds One
Louisa Daggers and Major General Joseph Singh (Ret’d) at the launch of ‘The Archaeology of Guyana.’
SEE PAGE XX
LOUISA Bhavita Daggers has always been passionate about unearthing rare and valuable cultural relics of bygone peoples and com munities to learn about the past and understand Guy ana’s diverse history. Ever since she was a child, growing up in Mon Repos (East Coast Demer ara), Daggers made a habit of watching exploration and ad venture-themed programmes on the National Geographic Channel every Saturday with her younger sister, Ashley. She would beam with ex citement from looking at archaeologists excavate sites in Brazil and Egypt and make other great discoveries such as the Egyptian and Mayan Pyramids, as well as listen in awe to the stories they told about the prehistoric civilisa tions behind the magnificent wonders.“This was the beginning of my curiosity for history, culture and people,” she said. “I started wondering whether we had this in Guyana, and I wanted to know what was happening in communities.” Driven by sheer energy and enthusiasm to explore, promote and preserve the country’s abundant cultural heritage, Daggers eventually embarked on a remarkable 16-year career in the local archaeological field. “Simply put, archaeol ogy is the study of ancient and recent pasts; as recent as the last 50 years,” said the 35-year-old archaeolo gist. She explained that the field seeks to highlight the way people lived in their societies, cultural traditions and customs they practised, daily activities they engaged in to sustain themselves and specific phenomena that oc curred during those times. From trekking up moun tains across the vast Ru pununi landscape to crossing steep terrains and crooked paths with lots of trees and vegetation on the banks of the Berbice River to making steady trips to and fro com munities with rich cultural heritage, Daggers dedicates her time and resources to ward finding cultural sites and connecting the past. “Archaeology is about analysing artefacts or materi al culture such as stone tool, lithic flakes or pieces of pot sherds from ceramic pottery, ecofacts like food remains found within the context of a site, human remains, and zoo archaeology material such as fish remains, shell midden and faunal remains,” she Fueledrelated. by her inherent fondness for the field, Dag gers decided to pursue a bachelor’s degree in Tourism Studies at the University of Guyana (UG) where she was provided with opportunities to explore the evolution of the Guyana National Muse um, impacts of tourism and socio-economic viability of the museum, which was a critical area in cultural heri tage management. Ancient cultures At the same time, Dag gers recalled taking a course on the ‘Introduction to In digenous People of Guy ana.’ This course was instru mental to her understanding of Indigenous generations, languages, traditions and communities across the coun try. She was fascinated to learn about prehistoric petro glyphs- paintings, drawings and carvings on rocks used to depict messages found in places such as Aishalton (Upper Takatu-Upper Esse quibo).“For instance, there is the fish trap petroglyph that was linked to a period of severe drought thousands of years ago that signifies the kinds of fish traps people used in an area and the fishes they caught by the river,” noted Daggers.Afterwards, she signed up for the Denis Williams Archaeology Field School in 2008 upon encouragement from her lecturers, name ly, Jennifer Wishart, former Administrative Manager at the Walter Roth Museum of Anthropology; Dr. Desrey Fox (deceased), former Min ister within the Ministry of Education and Researcher at the Amerindian Research Unit (UG) and George Simon (deceased), former archaeol ogist and artist. The field school was of fered by the Walter Roth Museum of Anthropology and Boise State University (Idaho) to facilitate robust capacity-building in the ar chaeology field and to raise awareness of cultural heri tage for young enthusiasts like Daggers. It was an excel lent opportunity to network with other archaeologists and build her expertise in uncov ering past human societies and assessing the changes throughout the cataloguinging,inenceEventually,years.theexperiandexpertiseshegainedthefields,frommanagcurating,photographing,andcleaning
IV CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT Sunday, August 21, 2022
different collections, helped to play an integral role in her transition to become an Anthropological Assistant at the Guyana National Mu seum and subsequently, the Anthological Officer the Wal ter Roth Museum of Anthro pology.Todate, Daggers and her colleague Dr. Mark Plew, Professor of Anthropology at Boise State University and a non-resident archaeologist in Guyana for over 35 years, have carried out several ar chaeological research assess ments on excavation sites in communities across the coun try’s administrative regions with the oldest remaining sites from prehistoric times. Some of these commu nities include: Region 1 –Barima Waini (Wyva Creek, Little Kanaballi, Barabina and Waramuri); Region 2 – Pomeroon River (Siriki, Kabakaburi, Piraka, Simi ri and Warapana); Region 6 – Berbice River (Dubu lay Ranch, Canjie River, Wiruni Savannah); Region 9 – Upper Takutu/Upper Es sequibo (Karanambu Ranch, Waikin Ranch, Manari Ranch, Errol’s LandingIwokrama, Aishalton, Kar awaimaan Taawa, Kwaitaro River, Shea, Rupunau, Kara sabai and Pai Pang), to name a few.According to Daggers, her main interest lies in pre historic and historic terres trial archaeology on land. Presently, she is also engaged in advocacy for the conser vation of cultural heritage and site management. She is also conducting research on the mid-Holocene during the last 7,500 years to document the occurrences of climatic variations and examine hu man adaptations to changing environmental, and climatic conditions overtime. “We have also been able to demonstrate vegetation consistency along the North western coast to better un derstand fluctuating climate and environmental changes and how this impacts and impacted prehistoric coast al adaption of humans in relation to mobility, food resources, diets and so on,” she explained. It’s all in the details When in the fields, there are several essential pieces of equipment that Daggers en sures to keep at hand. These equipment are: a Global Po sitioning System (GPS), line level, tape measures, measur ing rod, scale, brushes, trow els, shovels (shell midden shovels), sorting trays, arte fact bags and standardised site forms to conduct surveys or document finds from exca vation sites. Daggers further noted that before excavating a site, it is important to collaborate with com munities to respect the rights of the communi ty and operate within the legal guidelines for FPIC (Free, Prior and Informed Consent) as well as follow other international regula tions for working with genet ic materials as outlined by the NagoyaFurthermore,Protocol. Daggers and her team of archaeol ogists also have an obli gation to adhere to ethical guidelines and standards set out by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the National Trust of Guyana. A field lab is usu ally set up to allow artefacts and other material culture to be meticulously document ed, interpreted according to the context and catalogued by type, name, number and measurement statistics. These items are then categorised and stored in a database for archaeological material at the museum and the information is disseminated for public education.“Most of the artefacts we excavated from the last 15 years or so are in the archives of the Walter Roth Museum of Anthropology because we are still working with them to collect samples and do analyses,” she said. Exciting finds She disclosed that among the team’s most interesting discoveries include cupules, that are cup-like impressions found on rocks, which are perceived to have been made for ceremonial rituals. This was the first sighting of cu pules in Guyana at a placed called Karawaimaan Taawa or Blue Mountain area in Aishalton that is home to the Wapishana people. As such, the team is currently assess ing the context of cupules in the Wapishana territory. “We are going to do an article on it later in the year that will be published,” Daggers mentioned.Additionally, she shared a story about discovering new cultural sites and how archae ology can help to keep myths and legends alive. A few years ago, while conducting an archeological assessment of Karasabai to document and photograph an old fishing site, a colleague of hers fell ill after touching an artifact with the intention to conduct measurements against the cautionary tale of elders that ‘anyone who touches the site gets sick.’ Fortunately, her colleague recovers, however, it was revealed that the site was once used to process poisoning materials and there was a possibility that the stoneware was still contam inated by fish poison. Moreover, Daggers also has training in underwater archaeology. She represent ed Guyana at the UNESCO Underwater Cultural Her itage (UCH) Convention in Jamaica that was held approximately 12 years ago. This convention was hosted in a bid to equip the Caribbean region with training on protection and management of underwater cultural heritage. However, she said there are a few limitations to the practice of underwater archaeology in Guyana due to lack of funding, difficult terrains and inadequate inter-or ganisational support. As time progressed, Dag gers attained a Master’s de
Louisa Daggers Working with Human Remains of the Siriki Man at Boise State University in Idaho
Archaeologist’s passion for Cultural Heritage
CALVIN Roberts couldn’t be happier that he had an op portunity to participate in the just-concluded 7th Annual Youth Parliament, using the platform to represent once more his fellow indigenous people.
Youth Parliamentarian Calvin Roberts
Roberts is seeking to represent his fellow indigenous peoples The late Stephen Campbell influences his vision and the work he is aiming to do
VCHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, August 21, 2022
Looking at the example set by his role model, the late Stephen Campbell influences his vision and the work he aims to do. “Stephen Campbell was the first Indigenous parliamen tarian. He fought for our right to freedom, land titles and our freedom of speech. “Today, I feel compelled to do the same for my Indige nous brothers and sisters who are still being marginalised by society and those who may still not have the courage to speak out and raise their voices,” Roberts told Pepperpot Magazine recently.
In his role as Minister of Amerindian Affairs in the Youth Parliament, he pointed out during his presentation that out of 100 countries in the ‘Communities & Culture’ category of the 2022 Green Destinations Story awards, The Rewa-eco lodge in the Rupununi, Region 9, placed second. This speaks volumes about the potential of hin terland tourism, and investments should be made in its development, he pointed out. “Before oil discovery, when one heard the name ‘Guy ana’, the first thought that came to mind was nature; the land of many waters containing some of the most diverse species of aquatic life; virgin forests - untouched and waiting to be discovered. Think of the new species of flora and fauna we can find and the scientific and environmental breakthroughs that can happen. Let us not neglect our rich, multi-faceted culture that accompanies our fascinating history. These are all avenues to develop which will propel Guyanese into a brighter future,” he expressed.
With a plan of sustainability in mind, Roberts noted that whatever is done now must cater for future generations. “My ministry will develop a plan to see that each village is equipped with a modern guest house that is ecofriendly where tourists can be truly immersed. Not only will these accommo dations be a magnet for businesses to set up, but it will also generate employment for the residents within the village,” Roberts told his audience. During the initiation phase, he continued, interested residents from each village will undergo training sessions in skilled areas that are fundamental to the development of en terprises, such as food handling, accounting, customer service, entrepreneurship, business management etc. to build capacity and potential among the community members. “One of Guyana’s greatest assets is its people and the diversity among them. The Ministry of Amerindian Affairs will champion the promotion of cross-culture communication awareness across all 10 administrative regions for both local and international tourist attractions,” Roberts shared. Additionally, with the difficulties experienced with transportation in the hinterland, he offered that it was vital to develop a road linkage network to promote easier access to and from the interior locations. “Better roads are equivalent to better businesses in terms of saving on time and cost. This road network will link communities and the residents to more opportunities for business.”
“According to Guyana Tourism Authority, in 2021, Guy ana earned approximately $24B (up to September 2021) based on the average expenditure per visitor per type at US$1,060. In 2021, most visitors travelled to destination Guyana for holiday (64 per cent); business (12 per cent), and visiting friends and relatives (10 per cent), among other reasons (14 per cent). 64% of those persons came to Guyana for holiday. “Now, imagine what that number might look like once hinterland tourism is promoted and developed effectively. Our GDP would increase significantly. We can create a tour ist hub like never seen before. Where in the world can you find hinterland attractions like ours? We must take advantage of our uniqueness and use it for the benefit of our people,” Roberts continued. Launched in 2015, Youth Parliament promotes the development of elocution skills, ensures young people are involved in parliamentary democracy, and provides education about the functions of Parliament.
Using ‘Youth Parliament’ to raise the voices of the indigenous peoples
photos)Acommunity
library in Amelia’s Ward
Amelia’s Ward A robust community on the brink of development
VI CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT Sunday, August 21, 2022
Some of the many houses, buildings and people in Amelia’s Ward, Linden (Delano Williams
LAST week, the Pepperpot Magazine visited Amelia’s Ward, Linden. This village is considered to be possibly one of the largest housing schemes in Guyana. Amelia’s Ward is a large community which runs very deep, and it has various sec tions. It is reported that the village got its name when the late President, Linden Forbes Burnham, visited the village and met a woman named Amelia and her chil dren then later named the village after her. Amelia’ Ward has a lot of shops, stores, roadside snackettes, a gas station, supermarkets, two health centres, a private hospital, a police outpost, a pharmacy and scores of other small businesses.Theconstruction of many houses is ongoing and new people are moving into that village all the time. The people are friendly, and accommodating and would take some time to chat and it is one of those villages the locals would invite you for a cool beverage and offer you something to munch on. Most of the locals were not at home; they were said to be at work, and those who were at home were engaged in their everyday routines to pass the day. It is a bustling village with many activities and thickly populated with peo ple from all walks of life. Amelia’s Ward has the basic amenities such as pota ble water, electricity, internet and phones, but there is a need to upgrade the roads. Gladwin Webster, a poultry farmer Gladwin Webster,is a resident of Cinderella City, Amelia’s Ward, Linden and is among the first settlers of that village. Webster gave a brief insight on the back ground of the village. The 65-year-old told the Pepperpot Magazine that Amelia’s Ward is a housing scheme which started in 1969 with two phases be cause of its size, and there were only occupants at the back and in front in those days.He stated that the two phases are Vrezina Scheme and the other part is the Self-Help Scheme and the village began to develop af ter the highway was opened in 1968.Webster added that people began squatting in Cinderella City, Amelia’s Ward to escape the burden of paying rent before Guyana gained independence. As a result of the squat ting, he related that Cinder ella City was occupied way before the Self-Help Scheme wasWebsterestablished.disclosed that, today, the area has devel
The Guyana Water Incorporated (GWI) Well Station in the community
SEE PAGE XX
Christina Rollins, the elder At 76 years old, Christina Rollins is enjoying her retire ment, and she is surrounded
Shop owner, Nyree Goodchild Collis Alves, the landscaper sharpening the blade of his brush-cutter in preparation for work (Delano Williams photos) Collis Alves on his way to work
VillageChristinaelder,Rollins by her great-grandchildren, who keep her busy. She is a resident of the populated section of Lover Lane, Amelia’s Ward, Lin den, and she is a joyful, sta ble person who resides with a daughter.Thepensioner told the Pepperpot Magazine that she moved to the location in 2003, and she was origi nally from New Amsterdam, Berbice.Rollins will be celebrat ing her 77th birth anniver sary in October, and she is looking forward for that date to be in the company of her relatives to observe the occasion.Sheis the mother of four children, all girls. She also has 12 grandchildren and seven nowadayscostwas“Lifegreat-grandchildren.inthepastyearsmuchbetterbecausetheoflivingwasn’tsohigh;everythingisso expensive and that in itself is a burden on ordinary people. I had a better life back in the days,” she reflected. Rollins pointed out that when she was much younger she used to be a domestic worker, and these days, she is occupied with the grand and great-grandchildren.
By Michel Outridge HAVING to relocate to Amelia’s Ward, Linden, from the picturesque pri vacy of Watooka Riverside, Wismar, Collis Alves had to adjust his lifestyle but seems to be coping quite well. The 45-year-old told the Pepperpot Magazine that, as a landscaper, he was a busy person, working mostly during the day on weeding jobs throughout the village. He currently resides at his sister’s place at Lovers Lane, Amelia’s Ward and would go about his day early. It had been three years since he relocated, and he was familiar with his neigh bours but preferred to keep to himself due to his busy schedule.“Icome, and I go for work, and that is basically how I live, but here, there are many houses very close. In Watooka Riverside, there is a lot of space and you had privacy; here, you don’t have that, making the stark com parison,” he said. Alves stated that in that part of the village, most peo ple come from Wismar and it was mostly quiet, and that was just right for him. He reported that he used to work with the bauxite company but quit in 2013 when the management changed and he decided to become self-employed. The landscaper added that he would use his mo torcycle to go to the location for his weeding jobs with his brushAlvescutter.would prepare his brush cutter and ensure it was serviced and the blade was always sharpened before he set about his day. “Life is simple when there is no drama and you tend to have a peaceful life when you mind your own business,” he said.
Nyree Goodchild, the shop owner Nyree Goodchild is a shop owner and has a small roadside business at her sis ter’s place in Lovers Lane, Amelia’s Ward, while she resides in another part of the sameThevillage.48-year-old told the Pepperpot Magazine that she would buy items to stock up her shop from canter trucks that would visit on a weekly basis, and when she gets barrels from overseas, she would also sell whatever is in them.Goodchild is the moth er of one, and she lives at the Police Outpost Street in Amelia’s Ward and would walk to Lovers Lane every day to manage the small business, which is tended to by her relatives whenever she is not there. She reported that she worked at a gas station for 15 years before establishing her own small business, a shop. Goodchild disclosed that it has been four years since she started out with the shop and was very grateful that the community supports her as a ‘corner shop’. Before moving to Ame lia’s Ward, she lived in Old Kara Kara. In this very close-knit village, the neighbours were consid ered family, but life in that community is very dif ferent because people are reserved.
VIICHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, August 21, 2022
Nyree Goodchild’s shop in Lov ers Lane, Amelia’s Ward
The Amelia’slocalslike-minedofWard
VIII CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT Sunday, August 21, 2022
By Michel Outridge Bernard Hodge is a businessman who provides employ ment for 18 people from the community at his business places and would often give back to the community through his annual prize-giving drawing at Christmas and his pocket-friendly prices. His benevolence to society did not go unnoticed. The people named an avenue after him- the same street where one of his business places is located: Bernard Avenue, Amelia’s Ward,HodgeLinden.related that he is part of a family business, and he deals with the section of the hardware, clothing, footwear, household, stationery and cosmetics, while his wife manages the other branch of the store in another location in Linden.
Storewide prices are pock et-friendly and they maintain good relations with the commu nity in providing a good customer experience.George Niles, the contractor George Niles, a local contrac tor of Amelia’s Ward, Linden is also doing his part to give back to the community by providing reasonably priced services to meet the villagers’ building needs. Realising the hardships of the pandemic, he hasn’t been exact with prices and will work with whatever money the customers have, he explained. When the Pepperpot Magazine met him during a visit to the community, he was supervising the construction of a fence in theNiles,village.adown-to-earth, kind and friendly person, was more than happy that day to take a bit of time off to chat with the team. He reported that he employs five men in the community, and even though his business is not large, he would do whatever is needed to ensure the construc tion goes smoothly, even when he is not around. The contractor stated that he used to work overseas but returned home during the pan demic because life became difficult. “I will no longer be going back to work abroad because my children are grown, and even though I don’t get any big contracts, I still get some jobs, and I am happy I can provide employment for others in my small business,” he said. The 61-year-old related that he relocated to Amelia’s Ward Self-Help Scheme when he was 12 years old, and they had a small house close to the creek. Niles pointed out that back then, the village wasn’t de veloped and as the village got the basic infrastructure, they moved closer to the highway. He is originally from Coomaka Mines and resides in the house which is owned by his wife’s mother, who passed away. His wife, Merlene Niles, is a housewife who operates a small shop at their home and she would make snacks daily to sell. She would prepare freshly boiled and fried channa, dhal puri, egg ball, roti with curry and buns to sell in the shop along withThebeverages.smallbusiness owner told the Pepperpot Magazine that her little business used to make a profit when her brother’s cement block-making business was booming next door and he had a few men in his employ. But that business collapsed during the pandemic after he could no longer survive the high cost of materials and pay workers. Today, Niles’ shop is still operating, but business is a bit slow and she prepares only a small amount of fresh snacks daily.
Giving back to the community is vital
The business place of Bernard Hodge (Delano Williams photos)
The fence of a dwelling house being constructed by George Niles and his em ployees in Amelia’s Ward George and Merlene Niles at their home
The businessman stated that every year, at Christmas, he would put aside a few expensive items up for grabs. Hodge disclosed that he would select 12 to 15 items from the various sections of the store, which will be given to the winners of the drawing. And customers can fill out the coupons upon their pur chases and a drawing is held before the festive season during November and December. He added that winners are presented with their prizes collectively.“Werecognise that we cannot give back to everybody individually, so we came up with the idea of a drawing for Christmas so customers can benefit. But we do support churches and anyone who show up for assistance in any way we can,” he said. Hodge told the Pepperpot Magazine that presently they have a “Back to School” sale as an ease of burden for ordinary people.
Bernard Hodge at his store in Amelia’s Ward, Linden
Sections of the store
Brammer’sBoyceYoulandaatherroadsidestallInsideMichelleNailShop
IXCHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, August 21, 2022
By Michel Outridge With a simple motto, “Life is not perfect. But your nails can be” serving as her motivating quote, Michelle Brammer gets by daily as a small business owner. Brammer has a small but just right Nail Shop at the front of her yard near her house and it is a business she started a year ago after becoming a single parent of fourBrammerchildren. told the Pep perpot Magazine that she is originally from Wismar and relocated to Amelia’s Ward two years ago. Perfect Touch Nails spe cialises in pedicure, gel pol ish, acrylic and 3D nail art, and it is a fully equipped nail shop which will make your visit comfortable. “I am happy that I finally have my own small business, which is growing because it was always my dream and today, I realised it. I couldn’t do it earlier because of cir cumstances, but nevertheless, I did it,” she Brammersaid.added that she had a vision and is thorough ly pleased it bore fruit even after all these years. She never gave up. The mother of four stated that she used to work at a snackette and was a teach er at a daycare before she established her own small business.During that time, she qualified herself by enrolling in nail technician classes in the city and after completion, she was successful in terms of skills and practised on herself to keep it fresh. Brammer explained that she would buy all her nail products online because, locally, there isn’t a good quality available. Even though shopping online is costly, she doesn’t have a choice since she wants to provide a quality service to keep customers coming back. The nail technician relat ed that at times some custom ers would bring a photograph of what they wanted for the designs and others would simply ask her to surprise them.“I have experimented quite a bit, so I am keeping up with the trends of nail art and designs because it is ev er-changing, so to keep your clientele, you will have to be creative,” she Brammer’ssaid.Nail Shop is open from 09:00hrs to 17:00hrs daily and would basically work based on ap pointments and even take walk-in customers. She pointed out that her small business is growing because customers would refer their friends and fam ilies since she doesn’t have any advertisements for her business.Theentrepreneur believes that the quality of service provided is the way to keep customers, and the accommo dation must also be well-kept with every little thing needed to do the job. That day, when the Pep perpot Magazine visited, Brammer had her first cus tomer for the day, the young lady was an appointment made prior to her visit, and she was in the process of pre paring the nails for a full set. They had a window opened for fresh air, and two stand fans were operating to have cool air circulation and the shop itself was neatly kept with matching furniture and décor, which added a touch of uniqueness to the place.Brammer remains upbeat about her small business evolving, and for now, she is quite satisfied with the way things have turned out. “Being artistic and being able to create something from nothing is a success story that would stay with me, and it will serve as a motivating factor to continue striving,” she Yolandasaid.
Women-owned small businesses
making its rounds in Amelia’s Ward
Michelle Brammer with a customer (Delano Williams photos) Home and Nail Shop owned by Michelle Brammer
Meanwhile,Boycethe enterpris ing Youlanda Boyce of Cin derella City, Amelia’s Ward, Linden is a vendor, who plies her trade at the bus shed at the head of the village. The 47-year-old feels em powered to have her own small business rather than having to work for people. She told the Pepperpot Magazine that she used to be employed at the Linden Mayor and Town Council for five years and quit the job two years Boyceago.began her small business two months ago when she received a barrel containing household items, clothing, footwear, and skin care, among other things. She operates from a makeshift stand supported by a temporary tent and utilises the bus shed for taking shade. Boyce would ensure the area is well-kept and set up her tent there on weekdays to attractThecustomers.motherof four ex plained the father of one of her children, who resides overseas decided to assist her and he was the one who sent the barrel with things for her to sell.Boyce is originally from Agricola and relocated to Cinderella City, Amelia’s Ward, Linden 15 years ago. She stated that life is fair in that village, and she can still save a bit from what she earns and soon, she will receive more barrels to sell items from it. “Life here is quiet, the people are neighbourly and the village itself is close-knit and it is a tranquil place to enjoy a normal life,” she said.
(Delano Williams photos)
X CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT Sunday, August 21, 2022
Theteacherpassionateandvolunteer unteer and is also passionate about community-based de velopment.“Growing up, my family never mixed up much with people, but on weekends, we would cook a pot and clean up the village, that is, in Coomaka Mines and giving back was instilled in me at a very young age and to date that is how I am,” she said. Adams told the Pepperpot Magazine that she hasn’t even walked around the vil lage much because she would leave early and return home to deal with chores and chil dren.Two of her neighbours are also teachers and the peo ple of Amelia’s Ward pretty much go about their business in a civil manner and mind their own business. “It is an okay place to live, except for the roads, which need some upgrading but we have the basic ser vices here and the communi ty seems to be developing,” she Adamssaid. has been compet ing as an athlete eight years old and retired after giving birth to her last son at 30. But she would still play other sports such as cricket but was well-versed in 200, 400 and 800 metres races as a nationalAdamssprinter.reported that life is at times a bit bumpy, and at this time her husband, who is the General Manager for Kwakwani Utility Incorpo rated took ill suddenly after suffering from bouts of stroke and has been in the hospital in the city for the past seven months. Her son is a student of St. Roses’ High School in the city and her eldest daughter will return to classroom schooling at the University of Guyana, this year, so they will both relo cate to Georgetown. Odessa Adams with three of her five children at her home smiling Odessa Adams
By Michel Outridge With so much to do and so little time, for Odessa Adams, a former athlete, volunteer, mother of five and teacher, there is hardly any time to waste since she is involved in many daily activities. Life is challenging, but Adams is a ray of sunshine and full of life who refuses to give up no matter what comes her Withway. an ailing husband, who is hospitalised and caring for the children, the chores, teaching and being a volunteer to distribute the government’s cash grant for hinterland and riverine areas in Region 10, time is really of the Adamsessence. is a resident of Amelia’s Ward, Linden, a woman on a tight schedule who is also multi-talented and a full-time teacher of 22 years.She has been residing in the community, which is one of the largest housing schemes in Guyana, for the past two years, and she de scribes life there as quiet and peaceful.Adams is familiar with her neighbours by seeing them, but like almost every other villager, they do not mix much and keep to them selves.She is originally from Coomaka Mines and relocat ed because of her profession and her children’s schooling since the commute was too much and equally hard on the pockets.Adams told the Pepperpot Magazine that she is a teacher attached to the Regma Prima ry School, and moving closer to the workplace was the best solution for the family. “We are located at a cen tral point, so things are easier to get and we have access to more supermarkets, shops andBeingservices.”ateacher, Adams pointed out that it entails being a patient person with a lot of tolerance to spare and she is very equipped in those areas, having five children herself, she manages well. “I love children coupled with the passion for making a difference in the lives of many I would be able to manage slow learners and bring them to an acceptable standard in terms of academ ic,” she said. Her youngest child is two years old, the eldest, a daugh ter is a final year student at the University of Guyana, a female Disc Jockey and an employee of the Amelia’s Ward Health Centre as a data entrySheclerk.isalso a member of the community-based group in Linden and is all about giving back to society, just like her Adamsmother.was out all week end with the distribution team in the Berbice River, visiting about seven villages to hand over the cash grant to riverine residents.Sheadded that they completed distribution in Ituni and Kwakwani, Three Friends, Coomaka Mines, Old England, Siberia, Maria’s Elizabeth and other areas. Adams would give every bit of her free time as a vol
The
DALE held the ball be tween his fingers, the heat from the leather sending a burning sensation up his arm and he breathed in deeply, his mind totally fo cused on that defining mo ment of his life. He stood at the top of his mark and the crowd went silent, the dancers froze, the drums stopped beating and ten sion blanketed the stadi um. One delivery to bowl, one wicket to win! Dale closed his eyes, his young heart pounding, sweat on his brows and in his mind’s eyes he saw his social worker - her pleas ant smile, the sound of her mellow voice as she spoke about love; love of doing what you do best and the strong self-belief and confidence that gives you a sense of worth. He smiled just a little as he began his run-up, his tall, well-built body in perfect timing with his strides, almost like a jungle cat. His arm came around and with all the strength in his young body, he sent down a delivery; the ball seem ing to scorch the ground and the batsman missed the shot beaten by raw pace, the middle stump knocked out of the ground. The crowd erupted in wild excitement, the drums rolled and the dancing girls cele brated in style. An 18-year-old bowling sensation had won a big twenty/twenty final for his country.Itwas a really big mo ment in his life, a moment to savour and reflect on a success he had never dreamt of, a career he had two years ago never spared a thought for. He had been in a differ ent league, in a gang with other young boys, trans porting packages with their bicycles. The money was good and the freedom some what exhilarating, but as his mother had warned him, all good things come to an end. The police had caught him and a few of the other bikers, and they were hauled to jail. The packages they had been delivering contained drugs.Ayear at the Correction al Centre was the sentence he had received and he could not forget the sad, helpless look in his mother’s eyes and her tears as they took him away. He had chosen the wrong path and broke his mother’s heart - a single, hard-working woman. For months he could not settle down, rebelling, hating be ing there, wanting to get out, until a new social worker ar rived at the centre and Dale’s life changed one day at a time. She was like a breath of fresh air, like the mother he missed so much. The enthusiasm and pos itivity she brought with her gradually pushed away the darkness that had engulfed his very being, pulling back the curtains to show him a window where he saw life could be as good as you make it. Her teachings showed him how to turn the negatives into positives and to follow his heart to realise his dreams. He wasn’t sure what he had wanted until then and one day he went out into the recreational area and picking up a cricket ball, he said to the coach, “I’m ready.”Cricket is the heartbeat of the Caribbean and the new 20/20 games were sweeping the cricketing world, allur ing and captivating. It has awoken the young to a new era of cricket and Dale knew where his heart was, where he belonged. With his height and the pow er in his arms, he knew he could make the ball talk and talk it did, game after game, as he developed into a lethal fastButbowler.he knew he could not have done it without his social worker’s invaluable lessons.She was his inspiration, her words guiding him stride after stride, ball after ball, to reach for the stars and keep alive always his love and passion for the game. All the good values in life he had missed because of his delin quent lifestyle, he was now learning and this time he knew he would change for real. And at the end of the year, as he prepared to leave, he brought his social worker a bouquet of flowers to say thank you for her invaluable help that brought about such a rewarding change in his life. He had left with a song in his heart, and as he neared home, he saw his mother at the gate waiting for him, FIRE happy tears in her eyes. He hugged her and said, “I’m sorry” and taking the red ball from his bag, he put it in her hand and told her, “All our dreams as a family will now be ful filled.”
The passion from his heart and the ball in his hand will ignite a fire that will write his name in cricket’s history and as he held the winner’s trophy above his head and celebrated with his team mates, he knew it was just the beginning.
XICHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, August 21, 2022
BALL OF
XII CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT Sunday, August 21, 2022
The Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ) was inau gurated on April 16, 2005, and its original jurisdiction was as an international court with exclusive jurisdiction to interpret and apply the rules set out in the Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas (RTC). The RTC established CARICOM and the CARICOM Sin gle Market and Economy (CSME). It was expected that its Appellate Jurisdiction would be the final Court of Appeal for criminal and civil matters for all 15 CARICOM states, but so far, only Belize, Barbados, Dominica and Guyana have joined and ac cordingly altered their Con stitutions. The other CAR ICOM states have retained the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council as their final Court of Appeal. The notion which inhib its the other CARICOM states from joining the CCJ is because they feel that Caribbean societies are so small that the CCJ judges would be subject to social pressures, including those of politicians. This notion is negated by the facts: (i) The court and its expenses, including salaries are not dependent on direct contributions of individual states but derive from a fund which no politician or state controls. This finan cial independence insulates the CCJ from any kind of pressure. (ii) The CCJ is respected worldwide, and its decisions are cited by the highest courts inter nationally, including the Privy Council, just as the CCJ would cite judgements of the Privy Council. The quality of justice delivered by CCJ is respected every where, and this fact should dispel any doubts about the quality of CCJ decisions. There are other cogent reasons why all CARICOM states should adopt CCJ as their final Court of Appeal. (iii) Retaining the Privy Council as the final Court of Appeal is retaining the vestiges of colonialism and detracts from full sover eignty and independence. Britain and its institutions like the Privy Council have no wish to be involved in the domestic affairs of any ex-colony. (iv) The Region’s jurisprudence as well as that of the individual states, is advanced and enhanced by membership of the CCJ. (v) Only the rich could seek justice from the Privy Coun cil since the high costs shut out most of the population, particularly the poor. In the words of Justice Saunders: “People of ordinary means are deprived of the ability to avail themselves of a level of access to justice that they could and should enjoy”. . . The value of joining the CCJ is known in all states of CARICOM, in particular, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago, but what inhibits them from joining seems to be a lurking nostalgia for the colonial past and a lethargy. This reluctance could be surmounted if the present four members always call upon their colleagues to join whenever they attend Heads of Government meetings of CARICOM and if the trade unions and NGOs were likewise to call upon their governments, always empha sising that it would open the door for citizens of ordinary means to access appellate justice.
One important facet of the work of the Court which Caribbean citizens could never forget is its part in successfully uphold ing democracy in 2019 and 2020 by its protection of the separation of powers and its correction of the misuse of executive power. In his address to the Jamai can Bar, Justice Saunders succinctly sums up the role of the CCJ: “Our aim is truly to live our mission to provide accountable, fair and efficient justice for the people and states of the Caribbean Community and to realise our vision which is to be a model of judicial excellence. The aim of the CCJ is to lead by example”.
ALL CARICOM STATES NEED TO RECOGNISE THE VALUABLE ASSET THEY HAVE IN THE CCJ AND GET ON BOARD
Common Law shares the world’s dominion with the Civil Law and predomi nates in the United States and the British Common wealth. At the end of World Wa rII, Britain decided to with draw from its vast worldwide empire. The withdrawal began with India in 1947 and continued in other parts of the world. The Caribbean withdrawal took place in the 1960s, and as the withdrawal progressed, the old colonies were metamorphosed into independent states. The new states tried as far as possible to adopt the constitutional arrangements of the mother country and to replace Brit ish institutions with their own and among these was the Judiciary, where, initial ly, they felt that the Judi cial Committee of the Privy Council, as a final Court of Appeal, should be replaced by a Caribbean equivalent. The new Caribbean states, inspired by the Euro pean Free Trade Association, formed themselves into a Free Trade Association and evolved into CARICOM.
WITHIN the last six months, the President of the Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ), Justice Adri an Saunders, addressed the Guyana Bar Association at their Annual Dinner and the Jamaican Bar, who were celebrating the 60th Anniversary of their Court of Appeal. Justice Saun ders’s two addresses were to the point and delivered in the best traditions of the Common Law. The
RecReational activities foR the eldeRly should be available in eveRy community
XIIICHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, August 21, 2022
WHILE this is a youth column or youth-related section, I still try my best to speak up for every dis advantaged/minor group I can think of. I’ve written about the elderly a few times and have committed myself to continue to do so. As a youth of my coun try, I believe it’s an obli gation to stand up for the elderly of our country to ensure their rights are respected and observed. Many peo ple, especially young people, hold a pre conceived notion that older adults have lived their life already and, as such, they don’t need recreations, ac tivities, or events as younger people would need. I believe that recreational activities are of utmost impor tance to ageing. Rec reation doesn’t mean a rigid run in the park or swimming in a pool. It can be as sim ple as playing bingo games with their peers or reading the Bible in a reading club. It should be tailored to cater to the generalised physical and mental limitations of old age. Take a look around. How many com munity activities are geared towards an older age group? We encourage the formation of youth groups and clubs, but how often do we encour age the same for senior cit izens? Don’t get me wrong, I’m all in for uplifting and including our young people in everything we do. How ever, I do believe we can do both at the same time. When you think of it, one day, most of us will live to see those golden years, and I am sure we would like to still feel included in society. Many older adults would feel discarded or on the offside of society because of how little to no emphasis is placed when it comes to be ing involved in community engagements.Wecanencourage our older adults to engage in meaningful activities, but how can we do so without first making those activities accessible for them to begin with? While recreation and leisure activities are fun, they also help improve the livelihood and well-being of our older adults. I am saddened at the fact that we treat the backbones of our society as a marginal ised group. They are not a bunch of discards. If you’re reading this and you are an active leader in your com munity, I urge you to have this discussion within your community. You can also actively help by facilitating age-appropriate activities or events for the older adults in your community. You can even go as far as helping them form senior citizen groups within the communi ty. It will allow them to have a sense of support from their peers. If you’re reading this and you have an older adult in your family, you should also encourage and facilitate them to engage in recreational activities. Not only will it help them physically, but it can also improve their mental health. No matter how old you are, you should be able to enjoy and re lax during your leisure time. Your age, ability or interest shouldn’t be a restriction. When we think of the elderly, we often think about spending their pastime in a wheel chair or in a bed. I want us to rid ourselves of that thought, as that is not al ways the case. If many of them had it their way, they would rather be engaged in fun, clean, recreational activities in their pastime. Old age should not mean the end of having a good time. If you ask me and many of the older adults I know—it’s merely just the beginning!
The younger, Shivnarine Chanderpaul, was also a cricketing diplomat making the country of his birth further known and respected worldwide. Following in the path of Lloyd, Chanderpaul has shown that he is also a Guyanese cricketing diplomat, displaying the kind of interaction with cricketers from other countries wherever he met them. It is that established Guyanese friendliness for which Guyana is well-known and admired.
Sir Clive Lloyd has gained universal respect and admiration not only for his exploits on the cricket field but also for how he conducts himself on the world “field”. He has put his stamp, as it were, and made his country Guyana, respected near and far. In his book “Living for Cricket” which was published in 1973, he lays bare his dedication to the game of cricket and the way in which he was so successful. That book is welcome reading not only for cricket fans but anyone interested in aspects of the history of the game of cricket, especially in the Caribbean.
Farrier reading “Living for Cricket” by Clive Lloyd in England when it was first published in 1983.
XIV CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT Sunday, August 21, 2022
And how proud I was of entering Australia with such fan-fare due to the respect that immigration officer had for my fellow Guyanese, Sir Clive Lloyd. He had made the Guyana brand indelible and something of international respect. As such, my entry into the island continent of Australia was like the strike of a hit by Lloyd over the Bourda Cricket Ground fence, and on to Regent Road. That Australian immigration officer dispatched me quickly and with professional pleasantries. That was certainly because I was a citizen of “Clive Lloyd’s country.”
The GuyaneseTwo ...
Some years ago, when I arrived at the Sydney International Airport and presented my Republic of Guyana passport to the immigration officer, he held that passport aloft and calling out to one of his colleagues, asked, “When last have you seen one of these? Clive Lloyd’s country.” Yes, “Clive Lloyd’s country”.
FROM PAGE II for younger Guyanese who look up to him as their cricket hero. Crowds roared with joy whenever “Shiv” sent a ball which was delivered to him, diving to the boundary for “FOUR” and more so for “SIX.” Both Lloyd and Chanderpaul were crowd favourites during their active careers playing cricket at the highest level of the game and never let the side down, delivering many sensational boundaries. Following the great Sir Clive Lloyd’s magnificent cricketing career, so many years later, the younger August-born Shivnarine Chanderpaul has also done many great performances on the cricket field both at home and abroad.
You never actually lose real friends
XVCHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, August 21, 2022
SEE PAGE XXI
I RECEIVED an email from someone who claims that most of her relationships are falling apart and that she does not even know who is at fault or why anymore. This one I took quite personally as I’ve recently been through some similar circumstances. So, I’ve been in the business lately of relating to the wise music of Drake, specif ically a line in “Fair Trade” in which he sings “I been losing friends and finding peace but honestly that sounds like a fair trade to me.” But then again, haven’t we all? I decided to write this piece to help her and the countless others in this similar situation who may not be handling it well. I want you all to clearly understand that there are a few certain things in life that you never, ever lose; your education, opportunities meant for you and true, real friends. I feel like it’s normal- the older we become, the harder life becomes, so it seems like common sense that that’s when we need our friends the most, but it also seems like the hardest time to keep them. People change, go down different paths, judge one another if you’re not on the same path, associate you with their own bad decisions, project their own regrets and insecurities onto you and so on and so forth and vice versa. They may have been one of your best friends and one of very few confidants, but anyone, who leaves your life, especially out of ego or just basic willingness, has already served their purpose in your life; they taught you a lesson, and their chapter is done. It seems like there lacks a proper script for ending friendships, but I can say, they are often just as dramatic or closure-less as a romantic relationship. Sometimes people call you out of the blue and tell you that you are no longer beneficial to their life, while others make mistakes that their ego just cannot own up to, so you simply never hear from them again. I’ve lost many friends in the past few years that I genuinely thought I would never lose. The challenges we have faced have revealed unseemly truths about who they were and who I am when faced with difficult situations. Those losses can be brutal but, believe me, they are also a good thing. It’s not as sad or cyclical as it sounds. It is the natural order of things, including personal growth and development. I’ve aged and grown out of many friendships and I have had people grow out of me. This is stemmed from the fact that we lose friends to many things – big changes in lifestyle, hectic schedules, success, failure, envy, meaning you lose friends based on good or bad things happening in your life. I know how fragile friendships really are simply because of individualistic choices. Life seems to be a race and we’re all at the starting line, but the finish line happens to be in many different directions; some run towards a career, others a family, others adventure. Just like a romantic relationship, it’s better to be a little lonely than have the wrong people around. These friends that you miss- were they allowing you to grow? Were you able to be honest about your feelings without upsetting them? Would they even tell you, their feelings? I’ve had more fun spending weekends with complete strangers, with the excitement of possibly keeping them around or the fact that I’ll never see them again, than I did with those who I thought were true friends, where I was completely vulnerable to them. Again, like an intimate relationship, we tend to roman ticise what was happening rather than see the truth of the situation, the convenience of the friendship. Now, if you’re like me and science helps, there are facts and statistics to support what I’m saying. First in 2003, psychologist Julianne Lunstad discovered that time spent with “problem friends” causes more physical distress than time spent with people who we do not like
* The National Insurance and Social Security Act
* City/District Bylaws requirements
* Sawmills
* The Environmental Protection Act
* The Occupational Safety and Health Act
* Public Health requirements
* Labour Act requirements (Code of Practice For Wood Processing Facilities (Sawmill
* Business registration/certificate of incorporation.
When applying for Environmental Authorisation, here is what you will need:
* Lumber yards with processing
HELLO readers, welcome to another edition of learning more about the EPA. During August, we have been sharing information relevant to the mining sector; in this week’s column, we share information on a sector closely related to mining – forestry and the various operations associated with the sector. What is an Environmental Authorisation? An Environmental Authorisation may include a prescribed process licence, an environmental permit, a construction permit, or an operating permit granted by the Environmental FORESTRY GUIDELINES Protection Agency (EPA).
Why is Environmental Authorisation required? According to the Environmental Protection Act Cap 20:05, Laws of Guyana, Environmental Authorisation is required for any activity that may have a significant environ mental impact(s). The process ensures that developmental activities which may significantly affect the environment are conducted in the most sustainable means possible.
* Site plan showing the layout of the operation; * Project description (Summary); and
All requested documents must be submitted before your application can be processed, and a site visit will be conducted after receipt of your application. Good practices for forest sector operators As an operator within the forest sector, it is important to clearly understand the legislative requirements to better manage your Legislativeoperation.requirements relevant to wood processing operations are as follows:
* Logging * Charcoal Burning & Firewood
* Proof of land ownership and approval from Central Housing and Planning Authority;
* Identification (National ID card, passport);
XVI CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT Sunday, August 21, 2022 SEE PAGE XIX
Who Needs Environmental Authorisation?
* Log PleaseDepotsnotethat this list is not exhaustive since some projects not listed may require Environmental Authorisation.
* Complete application form;
* Lumber yards without processing
XVIICHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, August 21, 2022
XVIII CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT Sunday, August 21, 2022
XIXCHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, August 21, 2022 FROM PAGE XVIFORESTRY... & Lumberyard)-Version 2, January 2012, Guyana For estryGoodCommission.)Practicesfor Forest Sector equippedboards,concretetionalsconstructedablyplaners,devices,*OperationOperators:Allsound-makinge.g.generators,etc.shouldbesuitenclosedinstructureswithmateriofgoodnoiseinsulaproperties(e.g.hollowblocks,insulationsolidclaybricks)andwithsilencersor mufflers to reduce the noise level.* Service and operate all equipment according to manufacturers’ recommen dations to minimise the im pact of sound levels on the environment.*Consideration should be given during the opera tion layout to the location of equipment. Avoid plac ing equipment close to sur rounding neighbours, thus avoiding excessive noise emissions.*Take all reasonable precautions to prevent wood dust from becoming air borne. Establish and main tain vegetative buffers at the perimeter of the sawmill/ lumberyards to attenuate noise and dust.
*LoggingRestrict all hunting, trapping and trading of en dangered and locally pro tected wildlife species, in keeping with the Wildlife Conservation and Manage ment Act, 2016.
* Implement turnout drains at regular intervals of roadways to prevent ero sion of roads. Runoff from turnout drains along roads, and log ponds should not be discharged directly to natural waterways.*There should be no har vesting of nearby waterways and removal of vegetative debris, which may result in erosion, blocked waterways and disturbance to biodiver sity. Remove all debris and conduct regular maintenance to allow for free flow of wa terways.*There should be no har vesting of nearby waterways and removal of vegetative debris, which may result in erosion, blocked waterways and disturbance to biodiver sity. Remove all debris and conduct regular maintenance to allow for free flow of wa terways. You can share your ideas and questions by sending letters to: “Our Earth, Our Environment”, C/O Communications, En vironmental Protection Agency, Ganges Street, So phia, GEORGETOWN, or email us at: YouTubegramusana@gmail.com.eit.epaguyFollowonFacebookandInstaandsubscribetoourchannel.
* Maintain a dust con tainment bin with the capac ity to store approximately seventy-five per cent of all wood waste (sawdust, wood scraps, etc.) until such time for disposal and/or reuse.
* Construction, operation and maintenance of primary and secondary roads, bridg es, culverts, skid trails, log markets, burrow pits and campsites within concession should be done in an environ mentally safe manner.
* Implement a dust ex traction system to ensure there is no escape from fugitive dust and employ wet suppression methods such as a sprinklers sys tem where suitable on the premises to control fugitive dust. Sawdust should not be allowed to accumulate to more than 15 cm (six inches) on the mill floor at any given time.
* Comply with the Guy ana National Bureau of Stan dards (GNBS) Guidelines for Noise Emission into the environment, not exceeding the residential limits at a distance of 15 metres (50ft) from the source or proper ty boundary, whichever is closer.
* Undertake removal of trees and vegetation in areas only where necessary.
gree in Anthropology with a focus on archaeology and policy development at Boise State University (Idaho). She returned to Guyana and soon began investing her ex pertise in providing the nec essary assistance and sup port on archaeological and historical cultural heritage and management to local, regional and international educational institutions. Not all smooth sailing On the other hand, Dag gers outlined several chal lenges facing the local ar chaeological field. She said there is a lack of funding, resources and necessary fa cilities to carry out activities such as radiocarbon dat ing, material collection and processing, to name a few. Sometimes, her team would offset their own expenses. Another issue is the lack of material conservation and storage space that hinders the process of providing proper and adequate storage capac ity for materials in order to avoidShedamage.alsoidentified the need to have increased pub lic awareness of archaeology in Guyana and the enforce ment of stricter penalties to stop the illicit trade of cultural property belonging to Indigenous communi ties and to help eliminate the risks posed by mining, logging and rapid housing development on potential archaeological sites. Most importantly, Dag gers believes it is the op portune time to implement a comprehensive national policy that prioritises ar chaeology by introducing a transparent and detailed sys tem and a governing body to manage and monitor archae ological researches conduct ed in Guyana. This policy will also support relevant and accurate information sharing of findings to the public and it will aim to fa cilitate increased collabora tions between organisations such as the National Trust of Guyana, Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sport, Environ mental Protection Agency (EPA) and Guyana Geolo gy and Mines Commission (GGMC) to strengthen the process of salvaging sites and archaeological remains. A Cultural Legacy “The Archaeology of Guyana has a special place in my heart. Some people even attribute it to being a love story to the Indigenous peoples of our country,” re markedLaunchedDaggers.in July 2022, she pointed out that the sec ond edition book titled ‘The Archaeology of Guyana,’ synthesises over a hundred years of archaeological re search conducted in Guy ana to provide a contextual understanding of how the country’s myriad cultures have evolved and adapted over the “Thereyears.are newer stud ies on the Amazon and the Rupununi inside the book, discussions and interpreta tions on shell midden com plexes and isotope data to understand climate change,
Excavating an archaeological site in Idaho
FROM PAGE IV oped, has been regularised and they are benefitting from all the basic amenities. The villager told the Pepperpot Magazine that the Self-Help Scheme was developed partly by the bauxite company. Locals who worked with the com pany had to put in a certain number of hours and the materials were provided for construction.Thefather of two added that he has been a resident of Cinderella City for the past 42 years, and when he moved to the area, many families were already there. Webster stated that they have more than 60 families residing in Cinderella City to date and it is a close-knit community where there are no newcomers.Heisapoultry farmer who is rearing about 400 layers at his residence. Webster was a vendor at the McKenzie Market but quit seven years ago. He sold fruits, vegetables and groceries for many years before he ceased plying that trade.He was the Chairman of the Community Devel opment Council (CDC), a Constable, and an Insurance agent in his younger years.
Amelia’s...
A section of Amelia’s Ward, Linden
Louisa diving into an archaeological shipwreck site in Jamaica as part of the UNESCO Under water Cultural Heritage (UCH) Training Programme.
perspectives on the mid-Ho locene and archaic population adaptation strategies, research on burial practices, ceramics and rock art in the Rupununi and so much more,” she high lighted.The full-colour book was written by Daggers and her colleague Dr. Mark Plew, who initially wrote the first edition. She related that even though there are places in Guyana that remain un touched by archaeologists, the book provides a glimpse of the depth of local cultural heritage and the reasons for conservation.Daggersshared that she was approached by Dr. Plew in 2016 to co-author a new edition of the book that can combine their many years of research in the field while she was working on a paper in relation to Aishalton. The duo ultimately set out to prepare a complete working document by 2018 and began collab orating with the University of Guyana Press, also called UG Press to have it printed and distributed. Although the reviewing and editing process was tedious, it gave them an additional eight months to make adjustments to the book.Finally, they were able to select a cover image to add the final piece to the puzzle. She revealed that they decid ed to select a picture of Kara sabai as the book’s cover be cause they wanted an image that ‘was a good example of a cultural landscape and repre sented the beauty of Guyana while speaking to all Guya nese.’ She further noted that the launch saw tremendous support from members of the public, the archaeological research community, National Toshaos Council (NTC), Min istry of Amerindian Affairs, Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sport and the diplomatic community.Thebook is currently available for purchase at the University of Guyana Cam pus Store and the New Era Book Store. The team is cur rently engaged in additional collaboration with the ‘Visit Rupununi’ shop in Lethem. Celebrating a legacy In her view, ‘The Archae ology of Guyana’ celebrates the Indigenous cultural legacy and empowers marginalised groups. It builds collective In digenous identity and contrib utes to enhanced commitment toward safeguarding and pre serving cultural heritage in local communities. She also believes the book can con tribute to the decolonisation process of improving access and availability to research conducted by resident Guy anese. It can also help foster greater consciousness and tol erance for history and culture and the regard for cultural materials among Guyanese instead of any ‘committing to sell our Nonetheless,heritage.’ Daggers emphasised that there is in creased scope for archaeology in Guyana, particularly for students who wish to take an academic leap into the local archaeology and anthropolo gy fields. “It’s great to know that the University of Guy ana now offers an Associate Degree in Anthropology,” she Forsaid.Daggers, it brings her pure joy to immerse herself in preserving and promoting Guyana’s archaeology as well as contribute toward education on global cultural heritage. Today, her portfolio spans being a Researcher and Coordinator at the Amerindi an Research Unit (University of Guyana) where she now lectures the course: ‘The Introduction to Indigenous People of Guyana.’ She is also responsible for coordi nating the Associate degree in Anthropology programme and coordinating and co-su pervising the Archaeology FieldAmongSchool.her plethora of expertise, Daggers is also a Research Affiliate at the Walter Roth Museum of An thropology, and she provides voluntary training, collection management and data ex change.Inaddition to this, she also had the privilege of being co-editor of the Archaeology and Anthropology Journal of the Walter Roth Museum of Anthropology. The journal is the only English-speak ing Anthropology Journal in South America. Presently, Daggers is a Biodiversity Conservation (Archaeology) Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) candidate at the University of Guyana. As Daggers continues to embark on new and ex citing archaeological digs across the country, she is determined to uncover and understand the past cul tural lives of generations and make significant con nections to the history of Guyana.
Webster told the Pepper pot Magazine that when he first began living in Cinder ella City, Amelia’s Ward, they had no amenities, and the area was bushy with just a small track. He stated that they formed a group and rallied for the basic services such as water, electricity and the booming bauxite compa ny in those days assisted greatly.Webster reported that he was originally from McKen zie and relocated to Cinder ella City after marriage. Today, he and others enjoy the benefit of all services, and they have a tranquil life in that section of the village.
PAGEFROMVI
XX CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT Sunday, August 21, 2022
Unearthing rare...
XXICHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, August 21, 2022 at all. Problem friends are ones we all have where the rela tionship is volatile. She monitored the blood pressure and stress levels of her participants and found that these levels rise during time spent with our problem friends than with people we actively dislike; it did not matter even whether the interaction was pleasant or not. She recommends that the first step toward coming closer to focusing on what you want and need in life is realising that friendships with these people are toxic and letting go of these types of “friendships” isn’t a loss but rather a gain. Another study conducted at MIT in 2016 actually found that only half of your friends truly like you. The study an alysed the friendship of 84 individuals and discovered that only 53% of people reciprocated when another person called someone a true or good friend. If you think you are alone in this process, two other studies disagree. A Dutch sociologist, Gerald Mollenhorst, published a study in 2009 that determined we replace half of our close friends over the course of seven years. He claimed that “mod ern life conspires against friendship, even as it requires the bonds of friendship all the more.”
all in development FROM PAGE XV
Now, I’m definitely not saying to give up all your friends. I think you should trust your intuition on who is here to stay. Although, to be fair, mine was quite wrong a few times, but that’s okay too. We act only on the knowledge we currently have. However, there is no dispute that healthy relationships are vital for a happy life. If you feel that some are unhealthy but are worth fixing, there are things you can do; just make sure it’s for the right reasons. I know people who keep friends due to fear as close friends are often the custodians of our secrets and who knows what they will do with those. Many people also feel that they must keep friendships because they have lasted a long time, but the truth is that a friendship’s length does not define its quality. Just like romantic relation ships which have become toxic, these are not valid enough reasons to remain in a friendship.
You never actually lose...
What you can do is explain your feelings to them and set boundaries to ensure whatever hurt you (or them) does not happen again. Please remember that if you set clear boundaries and people choose not to respect them, you’re not losing loved ones, you are losing abusers, manipulators and narcissists. The bottom line is, yes, losing a friend is difficult. But take some time and wonder if it’s truly a loss? Remember, you can never lose a true friend. You can, however, get rid of meaningless relationships. You get one life, live it surrounded by love and happiness- and people who bring only that. Thank you for reading. Please continue to send sug gested topics to caitlinvieira@gmail.com
THE influx of newfound wealth brings with it the ever-present fear of mismanagement and corruption. Amid that fear, inclusive deci sion-making, I believe, offers an opportunity to prevent those challenges. The recently-launched President’s Youth Advisory Council is another mechanism con ceptualised to push more inclusive development locally- this time with a keen focus on integrat ing youth voices and perspectives. There are about 29 members currently, but a countrywide recruitment exercise that should see youth from all communities and regions involved is planned. The council’s operations haven’t necessarily been clearly defined as yet, but as presented to the public, the council promises to channel the much-needed youth voice to the country’s pol icymakers. I say much-needed because young people like myself, like other groups of people, have a vantage point of issues. And that stands to reason that they have novel solutions to issues that affect them and their communities. With Guyana pursuing ambitious goals of balancing sustainable development with exploit ing oil resources and seeking to find solutions to issues that have long plagued the country and its most vulnerable people, real inclusive decision-making is essential. Inclusive decision-making was one of the ‘soft’ topics I was exposed to throughout the study of business management and social development. What was related seemed so obvious and fundamental that I didn’t immediately understand why the world of academia placed such a huge emphasis on it. In the business sphere, inclusive decision-making helps nurture innovation among members of an organisation. Some researchers contend that it also enhances people’s commitment to the organisation simply because they feel more welcomed/valued. In the social development sphere, inclusive decision-making generates a better sense of buy-in or acceptance for developed policies or programmes, making governance more effective than more forceful or imposing decisions (even with sound logic and best intentions). This is all the more important for marginalised communities since it generates a sense of autonomy and ownership that may have otherwise been non-existent. I think both of these perspectives are important because they help illustrate how real inclusive decision-making can help Guyana achieve its ambitious goals. That is, by fun damentally generating a greater sense of ownership among people. By that logic, if young people are included in crafting decisions for their issues, they should feel a greater sense of ownership for those decisions. I will admit, however, that in theory, things may seem to make perfect sense, but in practice, outcomes may be very different. No doubt, this new advisory council promises to be a boon that allows young people all across the country to share their ideas and solutions to problems they experience with the country’s pol icymakers. But unless it is a forum for youth across the country to meaningfully participate in, and unless the solutions crafted are received and acted upon with much alacrity, it can very well become a fancy show of tokenism. With the evident level of interest and support showered on the council, one hopes that this will not be the case. And even if there are bona fide efforts at supporting the council and its work with young people, I still believe that these are valid concerns that should not be shelved andIignored.alsothink the council shouldn’t eventually become a popular space for a small group of people with political ties or ambitions. While those things aren’t inherently bad and admittedly, everything is political (everything!), representing youth and the voice of youth must be paramount.
All
Finally, another 2016 study in England determined that, after 25, we tend to lose friends rapidly. They found that the average 25-year-old woman contacts about 17 people per month, while a man contacts 19 people, and by age 30, the average man was contacting 12 people while women contact ed 15 people each month, and this decline continues for the rest of our lives. Their theory for this is that, as we age, we determine who is most important and valuable in our lives, and we tend to continue to only nurture those relationships.
I believe that the advisory council is fresh and full of promise. Once nationwide representation and engagement goals are achieved, it should be a space that meaningfully allows young people to contribute to their communities’ and country’s development. If you would like to connect with me to discuss this column or any of my previous work, feel free to email me at vish14ragobeer@gmail.com in decision-making,
HOW THEY LIVED BEYOND EMANCIPATION towards the destruction of its economic liberation. In the townships of Sta broek and New Amsterdam, repressive methods would be applied in diverse ways. The manumitted popula tions entered several occu pations; thus, licenses had to be acquired to perform these enterprises of self-em ployment that listed outside of artisans and other skills perfected on the plantations; thus, the Boat men, owners of cabs, mule and donkey carts operated for hire, and most importantly, the high costs for huckster and shop licenses where a sinister application to repress the Creoles from engaging prof itably in the lucrative retail business. It was the planters and the established European merchants as the majority in the combined court who fixed the colonial taxes. Tax ation on articles of common consumption embodied the nefarious plan to artificially raise the cost of essential consumer products, to im poverish the Creole popula tion, forcing them to return to plantation labour. One of the most con tentious issues was taking the taxes paid by the vil lages to aid the planters to import immigrant labour, causing the predictable floods and loss of livestock and produce, and more im portant, infant mortality. This conflict also involved the manipulation of the ea ger Portuguese indentured labourer as ‘the enthusi astic fall guy’ to grab the ambitions of the Creole. This orchestrated plot led to social colony tensions that exploded between the Creole and the Immigrant Portuguese in the last half of the 19th century, with the implosion of the ‘Angel Gabriel Riots’ 1857, and the “Gill Bread riots” of 1889. Though records have shown shopkeepers attempt ed to further impoverish the Creole population through crooked scales and inflated prices-along with the boast to the Creoles that with the murder of any other citizen, the king of Portugal had commanded that they be abstained from capital pun ishment in the colony (case of Antonio D’Agrella) see ‘The Portuguese of Guyana:’ Mary Noel Menezes, R.S.M. But the Creole population did not sit and only pray. They protested and defended their rights with civil unrest, not only directing their anger to the confronting scapegoats beforeButthem.as Governor light confirmed, “that the temper of labourers is soured, it is not at all uncommon for re marks not of the civilist kind being made by groups of Cre oles on meeting carriages and horses of officials to the ef fect that they the people were taxed {for} such luxuries.” This admission accepted that discontent was rife, wide spread and openly vented. The Creole population was pressed into a debilitating tax after the ‘Angel Gabriel riots’ to reimburse the stores affect ed. The architect of this was Governor Philip Wodehouse; on his way to the Stabroek wharf in July 1857, the pop ulation vented their anger by stoning him. This punitive tax was mercifully repealed by pressures by missionar ies and other local pressure groups and, as well as from the anti-slavery Society in Britain. See-Part 2 Themes in African- Guyanese History. With time the Creole moved towards the public service and dominated the stevedore areas of employ ment. These areas also had their extreme difficulties that led (mainly the steve dore wages) to the turn of the century 1900’s-1905 disturbances that birthed the Union movement and eventually the genesis of the significant local political movement.
XXII CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT Sunday, August 21, 2022
EMANCIPATION came to the colonies from the throne of the colonies in favour of the Industrial Revolution. But to the plantation/merchant hierarchies of the colonies it was met with vexations that lasted beyond the turn of the next century. The manumitted populations did not conceive that their future would be subject to schemes to shackle their abolitions and circumvent their efforts by the local colo nial government, of which a majority were the Plantation owners and Merchants, their former enslavers. To the Creole Africans, the concepts of the construction of the villages and how they would proceed to develop were based on their own ancestral vision. “In many of the com munal villages. The villagers established collective farms. As we have seen, this cooperative peasantry founded a great enterprise, developed it with marked business acumen and forced into the colony what seemed to the colonists a perilous doctrine. It was the most revolutionary attempt to, though small in scale in global terms, the Africans and any people at rehabilitation after slavery. The Africans were thus immedi ately able to set up an economic system and a civilisation that rivalled capitalism. The plantation at once went into action against the cooperative village system. In the ‘London Times’ the cooperatives were seen as “Little bands of socialists living in communities.”Underthecombined attack of the plantation and the government from outside, and the church from inside, the collective economy collapsed” see-Scars of Bondage by Eusi and Tchaiko Kwayana; Free Press 2002. Thus, the liberation of the manumitted Creole slave was a historical feature that was met with severe malice by a race-hate-driven plantocracy
XXIIICHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, August 21, 2022
XXIV CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT Sunday, August 21, 2022
XXVCHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, August 21, 2022
XXVI CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT Sunday, August 21, 2022
XXVIICHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, August 21, 2022
XXVIII CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT Sunday, August 21, 2022
XXIXCHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, August 21, 2022
XXX CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT Sunday, August 21, 2022
XXXICHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, August 21, 2022
XXXII CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT Sunday, August 21, 2022
XXXIIICHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, August 21, 2022
XXXIV CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT Sunday, August 21, 2022
XXXVCHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, August 21, 2022
XXXVI CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT Sunday, August 21, 2022
XXXVIICHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, August 21, 2022
b) To separate words that might be mistakenly joined when reading a sentence: i) Soon after, she ap peared in a beautiful dress ing gown. ii) Very soon, Sadie was heard shouting from the back veranda.
6. Sandra’s Guyana ad dress is 6785 Greenstate Drive West Riversdale Vil lage.7. Mr. James the director of Hinterland Study 216 will examine the project plan.
1. Each man woman and child in the group was asked to leave the room.
2. Mrs. Chisolm spoke of a government “of the people by the people and for the people.”3.The warm green earth exuded a fragrance of spring.4.Miss Craig may we leave now?
a) Use a comma between words, phrases, or clauses in a series:i)Jessica bought her hus band’s shoes, coat, and cap. ii) Did you first meet them at games, party, or church?
d) To set off the name of a person spoken to: i) Jennifer, our teacher wants our assignments now.
ii) Your shoes, Simone, is not suited to this occasion. e) To set off phrases, clauses, or appositives that are not required for a sen tence to have meaning: i) The fishermen, brave as they were, didn’t enter the alligator infested swamp. ii) Nanny, the head cook, can hold the action together.
WRIT INGFiction: a passage My father was busy do ing things every night for the next week, and on the Sunday morning us two left home by the five o’clock lo comotive that took workers to the canefields and trav elled the full seven miles. It went, then through cane fields to the big cattle-graz ing savannah that was right near the Blackbush on the creekside. We spent the day rounding eight head of my big uncle’s steers and we drove them all the way back and didn’t reach home before eleven o’clock that night, and next morning I couldn’t put my feet down for all the hurting. Pa and Ma came from the village and stayed with us for the whole week during rice-cutting and mashing and my old man talked to my mother to let me stay away from school that week. Twelve village women met every morning at our home and then went out to the fields, and they bent over and worked till sun-down four whole days, cutting the paddy-tops with their sawedged curved grass knives and leaving them in bundles. And Ma and Pa cut long grass, pounded them and made them supple for the fourAndworkmen.mashing started. I walked behind the cattle and kept them going round and round the post and stopped for Pa and my father to rake up the paddy-straw and pitch-fork in new ones from stacked-up bundles. The cattle wanted to slow down all the time and eat the pad dy and I carried the lash to them like my old man said; and when they dunged he caught it with some straw in his hands and tossed it into the Mytrench.old man saw how tired I was getting, walking round and round with the cattle, and he built a seat on top of the post and I climbed up and drove the cattle from up there with a long whip. That was (“Ricebetter.Money” by Lauchmonen)Something to Do 1. Have you found that the language is suited to both setting and characters of the story? How is it fitted?
XXXVIII CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT Sunday, August 21, 2022 August 14, 2022
2. What is the relation ship between the boy and the members of the family, especially the father?
4. Do you think that the boy ever felt for one mo ment that it was a waste of time being out of school for the week? Explain your position.5.What makes you want (or not want) to continue reading more of the story?
c) To set off a short quo tation from the rest of the sentence: i) “I’ll send for the weed er tomorrow,” said John Toney. ii) “You wish,” Ken neth said, “that your social behaviour was better.”
WeGRAMMARusecommas to make our writing understandable and to aid expression. Look at the following sentenc es and add commas where they are necessary, but first, here are some examples to remind you.
5. To tell the truth we had forgotten the closing time of the pawn shop.
THE It“TimePOEMOut”tookthat pause to make him realise The mountain he was climbing had the slant As of a book held up before his eyes (And was a text albeit done in Dwarf-cornel,plant). goldthread, and Maianthemum, He followingly fingered as heTheread,flowers fading on the seed to come; But the thing was the slope it gave his head: The same for reading as it was for thought, So different from the hard and level stare Of enemies defied and battles fought. It was the obstinate gen tle airThat may be clamored at by cause and sect But it will have its mo ment to reflect.
1.QuestionsDoyou agree that the poet wrote delicately and tenderly about his subject in “Time Out”? Support your answer in two or three complete statements. Make each point of reference clear to see.2. What words and phrases show that “Time Out” is a very imaginative poem? Make each point explicit.
3. What other season al activities in Caribbean countries today are known to require the participation of many family members and close others?
THOUGHT FOR TODAY Having made a young girl mis-erable may give you frequent bitterreflection; none of which can attendthe making of an old woman happy.BENJAMIN FRANKLIN (1706-1790) On the Choice of a Mistress(i.e. a wife) STUDY SUCCESS Dear WelcomeStudent,dear friend. We are still on profitable learning techniques. For some of you, this is just the right time to begin the search for what is bothering you in study and to face it. Suppose your problem is the reluctance to revise. Well, let us get started. Make a list of what you have got to do subject by subject, topic by topic, sub-topic by sub-topic. Go over the list and add labels to each to show your amount of inter est, understanding/ knowl edge, ease or difficulty, ur gency or usefulness. Decide to start immediately with the most labelled. Start getting serious with revision now. Be wise.Love IMPROVINGyou.
Basic dental disease
TOOTH decay occurs when several factors coincide. First, there must be a tooth that is susceptible to decay. Second, there must be dental plaque, i.e. bacteria that ferment car bohydrates to produce acids that erode the tooth enamel. Finally, carbohydrates must be present to be fermented by the bacteria. In addition, there has to be sufficient time for demineralisation (dissolution of the tooth enamel) to occur and insufficient time for the body’s natural defence mech anism that remineralises the tooth to repair the damage. Each of these three factors is, in turn, affected by other fac tors. For example, the presence of fluoride aids remineralisation and alters the tooth structure. The net effect is that a tooth sur face is less vulnerable to decay. The frequency of eating is also important because the more the food is eaten, the more often the bacteria have an opportunity to ferment carbohydrates. Saliva also plays a role by neutralising acid, providing the minerals for remineralisation and helping clear food in the mouth more quickly. So, the more saliva produced in the mouth, the less the chance of tooth decay. The effect of diet on developing dental caries is not as clear-cut as many believe. While a relationship between carbo hydrate intake and tooth decay has been clearly demonstrated, the direct link between sugar intake and dental decay is now weak in most European countries. Many people, for example, consume relatively large amounts of sugars regularly and yet have little tooth decay. A Dutch study found that the time the food is retained in and around the mouth is more important for tooth decay than the sugar content of the foods. The researchers compared sugar solutions to meals plus snacks and found that carbohydrate foods that tend to cling on and around the teeth were more likely to cause tooth decay than sugar solutions. These foods are not necessarily those we think are “sticky”. For example, toffee melts and clears from the mouth quickly compared to some starch-containing foods. The major emphasis on sugar and sugar-containing foods as being implicated in tooth decay has changed. It is now known that many carbohydrate-containing foods that were traditionally believed to be tooth-friendly, such as bread, have the potential to contribute to tooth decay. For exam ple, starchy foods such as bread lead to the production of acid by plaque bacteria, and all fruit has the potential to cause tooth decay, yet we should continue to eat these foods for pleasure and because of their benefits. Scientists now believe that the role of diet in dental caries appears to be less related to the diet itself and more to individual behaviours. Good oral hygiene and fluoride particularly applied topically by fluoride toothpaste, have lessened the importance of diet in tooth decay. However, in countries where fluoridated toothpaste is not widely available, frequent intake of carbohy drate-containing foods is still an important factor in tooth decay. The major source of dietary fluoride is drinking water with fluoride content. Fluoride is ubiquitous in foodstuffs; tea and marine fish are the richest sources. Good oral hygiene and the use of fluoride are now considered to be the main factors in preventing tooth decay. The following tips provide advice for helping to keep teeth caries free. Begin dental care early, and start brushing teeth as soon as the first baby teeth erupt. Do not make it a habit for infants to go to sleep while drinking from a bottle of milk, juice or sweetened beverage. The sugars remain on the teeth for long periods and can lead to baby bottle tooth decay. Clean with fluoride toothpaste twice daily and clean around the teeth with dental floss or toothpicks once a day. Do not eat after cleaning teeth at bedtime as salivary flow decreases as we sleep. Sugar-free chewing gum has shown to be tooth-friendly as it helps increase saliva flow and clears food debris from the mouth. How often you eat and drink counts. Allow time between eating occasions for saliva to neutralise the acids. Do not nibble the food or sip drinks continuously. Advice on diet should be based on good dietary practices consistent with advice on general healthy eating.
XXXIXCHRONICLE PEPPERPOT ― Sunday, August 21, 2022
XL CHRONICLE PEPPERPOT Sunday, August 21, 2022
