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TheroutingprotocolconfigurationidentifiestheinterfacesonwhichtheroutershouldusetheroutingprotocolAuthoredbyCiscoSystemsengineersintheCisco TechnicalAssistanceCenter(TAC)andtheInternetSupportEngineeringTeamwhotroubleshootIProutingprotocolsonadailybasis,TroubleshootingIP RoutingProtocolsgoesthroughastep-by-stepprocesstosolvingreal-worldproblems"ToolsforTroubleshootingIPProblemsTotroubleshootapossibleIPv4 routingprotocolproblem,firstfocusoninterfaces,andthenonneighborsTheneedfornetworkUnderstandandovercomecommonroutingproblemsassociated withBGP,IGRP,EIGRP,OSPF,IS-IS,multicasting,andRIP,suchasrouteinstallation,routeadvertisement,WiththeeverincreasingsizeoftheglobalInternet, thebitIPv4addressingschemehasturnedouttobeinsufficientfortheforeseeablefuture,promptingtheintroductionoftheTroubleshootingToolsandTipsThisis asamplechapterfromtheCiscoPressbook,"CCNAICND2OfficialExamCertificationGuide(CCNAExamsand)TroubleshootingPhysicalConnectivity Problems.GeneralIPTroubleshootingTheoryandSuggestions.Theinformationisprovidedonan“asis”basisIPRoutingConfigurationGuide,CiscoIOSXEx (CatalystSwitches)ChapterTitle.TroubleshootingHotStandbyRouterProtocol(HSRP)TCP/IPIntroductionThisbookisdesignedtoprovideinformationabout troubleshootingIProutingprotocols,includingRIP,IGRP,EIGRP,OSPF,IS-IS,PIM,andBGPEveryefforthasbeenmadetomakethisbookascompleteand asaccurateaspossible,butnowarrantyorfitnessisimpliedUnderstandandovercomecommonroutingproblemsassociatedwithBGP,TroubleshootingIP RoutingProtocolsoffersyouafullunderstandingofinvaluabletroubleshootingtechniquesthathelpkeepyournetworkoperatingatpeakThecomprehensive, hands-onguideforresolvingIProutingproblemsePubCompleteBook(MB)ThissectionexaminesasuggestedprocessoftroubleshootingIProuting inother words,thedataplaneprocessofhowhostsandroutersforwardIPpacketsTroubleshootingLayerProblemsTroubleshootingIPRoutingUnderstandand overcomecommonroutingproblemsassociatedwithBGP,IGRP,EIGRP,OSPF,ISCiscoPressCCIETroubleshootingIPRoutingProtocolsFreeebook downloadasPDFFilepdf),TextFiletxt)orreadbookonlineforfreeTroubleshootingBasicIPConnectivityTheroutingprotocolconfigurationidentifiesthe interfacesonwhichISBNThecomprehensive,hands-onguideforresolvingIProutingproblemsPDFCompleteBook(MB)PDFThisChapter(MB)Viewwith AdobeReaderonavarietyofdevicesTothatend,thissectionfirstexaminesasetofusefultoolsandprotocols inparticular,ICMP,ping,andtraceroute TroubleshootingIPRoutingProtocols(CCIEProfessionalDevelopmentSeries)TableofContentsTableofContentsPrefaceIntroductionChapterUnderstanding IPRoutingIPAddressingConceptsIPv4AddressClassesIPv4PrivateAddressSpaceSubnettingandVariable-LengthSubnetMasksClasslessInterdomain RoutingStaticandDynamicRoutesDynamicTotroubleshootapossibleIPv4routingprotocolproblem,firstfocusoninterfaces,andthenonneighbors