GineersNow Power, Water Utilities Dec2020 electrical, Pfizer, Moderna, Sinovac, AstraZenica, vaccine

DECEMBER 2 0 2 0

High Voltage

Power Cables

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Membrane water softening and desalination Membrane separation processes

Water treatment systems

EDITOR‘S NOTE

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ince the start of the quarantine season, working from home has become the new norm and economic activities became slower and slower by the month. The utilities sector, as a result, experienced a disruption in the demand, especially in the first six months of the year.

Demands in power in the commercial and industrial sector significantly declined, while those in residential spaces increased dramatically.

During this time, utility companies start to focus on maintaining the continuity of their operations, enhancing safety protocols for their employees, and preparing for a “new normal�-ready workplace.

While the concerns of water utility operators changed in the first few months of the crisis, three major concerns stood out in a survey conducted

by American Water Works Association (AWWA): revenue, personnel, and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).

It came as no surprise that the financial situation of utility companies are negatively impacted by the pandemic with 45% of the respondents reporting adjustments in their spending as early as midJune.

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2020 Year End Report Power and Water Utilities

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Thankfully, the majority of the companies are still resilient and dedicated to providing customer assistance by suspending shutoffs and eliminating fees for late payment.

Issues in personnel management have also arose as 16% of the respondent companies cut back on pays and froze wages and 8% reported laying off employees.

Acquiring PPEs was also a major concern, especially in the first couple of months when supplies are limited and always out of stock.

To top it off, water operators also faced challenges in securing certifications because of the discontinued in-person trainings needed for certificate renewals.

Several states handled this situation differently with multiple states allowed the replacement of in-person training with an online one.

Others accepted individuals with incomplete requirements under the condition that they will finish the required hours upon resumption of in-person training.

Keeping these challenges in mind, it is clear that the water utility companies need to be more resilient in the face of the pandemic.

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* For any inquiries, please contact Mr. Rohan Suares Address: LG Electronics Gulf, P.O Box 61445, Dubai, U.A.E, Tel. # +971 52 710 0999, Email: rohan.suares@lge.com

CON TENTS

8 REBUILDING 2021 WITH CBK HARDWARE TOOLS & MATERIALS

20 2020 YEAR END REPORT POWER AND WATER UTILITIES

36 2020 OUTLOOK IN POWER & WATER

52 RENTAL POWER PLANTS EXPLAINED: A SOLUTION TO POWER PREDICAMENT

68 WATER DESALINATION

84 OFF-THE-GRID POWER TRENDS 6

100

HOW COVID-19 WILL AFFECT THE POWER & WATER INDUSTRY

116 CORONOVIRUS IN DRINKING WATER & WASTEWATER

132 AFTER COVID-19: POWER & WATER INDUSTRY

148 ULTRAVIOLET WATER PURIFICATION HOW DOES IT WORK?

164 ENERY INDUSTRY’S SUPPY & DEMAND IN THE POST-PANDEMIC ERA

180 KEEPING WATER SAFE FROM CORONAVIRUS

196 COVID-19 IMPACT ON ELECTRICITY DEMAND

F E AT U R E S T O RY

Rebuilding 2021 with CBK Hardware Tools & Materials

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he outbreak of the novel coronavirus across the globe has severely interrupted businesses in almost all of the industries. And while most companies are turning to short-term strategies to keep their operations running, they should also start to plan ahead and prepare their facilities with the right tools and materials.

Increase Productivity, Cleanliness, and Safety with Nilfisk Nilfisk offers a diverse range of solutions that directly supports your economic goals and secures value retention by shortening down cleaning times, reducing maintenance costs, and consistently increasing profits. Here are three of the most recommended Nilfisk cleaning equipment that boasts large debris trays and high quality air filters that will help in maintaining a healthy environment for your employees.

• LS160-EU 17-inch low speed polisher 1300w. Perfect for medium-duty to high-duty

applications, including indoor cleaning, and is simple, robust, and user-friendly. It automatically locks when handle is in 90-dregree vertical position.

• Scrubber BA 611 D. Has low noise level for daytime cleaning and provides OneTouch dashboard operation and detergent mixing system.

• ATTIX 30-21 PC 230V 50HZ EU. Compact

but powerful wet and dry vacuum cleaning with an ergonomic design and low noise, perfect for workers on the go.

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Improving Ventilation in the Workplace with Deton As the largest manufacturer of ventilation equipment, Deton offers products with optimized design blade, firm structure, and a smooth running supply of soft and comfortable wind. Three of the many Deton products ideal for cooling factories, mining industries, garage, and any large spaces are listed below.

• DF650TW26BLK Industrial Fan. A luxury-type wall fan with three speeds, an adjustable oscillating angle, pre-adjustable height, low-noise motor, and large air volume, suitable for heat-stroke prevention.

• DFK650T26BLK Industrial Fan. Stand Fan with streamlined blade design, firm structure, large air volume, low-noise motor, three speeds, and adjustable oscillation angle that makes it suitable for heat-stroke prevention.

• FF60M24CHR Commercial Floor Fan Series. Features high-

quality silicon sheet and all-copper coil motor, adjustable blowing angle, and easy-to-move wheels, making it suitable for ventilation in factories, workshops, warehouse, and stores.

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Saving lives every day

Part of Blue Ocean Robotics

F E AT U R E S T O RY

Investing in Security Services against Theft With businesses avoiding physical contact, security guards are no longer checking people who enter the building, thus giving thieves the opportunity to steal from the business. Revamp your security with the following devices that will protect you against such criminals.

• Yale YDM3115. Premium RFID card digital door lock with multiple access, smart keypad and mechanical key override, break/ damage alarm, and emergency power.

• Dormakaba DMITS96EN24S. Concealed cam action door closer

that is suitable for timber, hollow metal and aluminium doors up to 130kg.

• Chubbsafes Viper. Combined burglary and fire resistant safe that

uses the new revolutionary “V” bolt system and comes in sizes of 11 to 91-liter capacity.

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Continuing of the Business in Case of Emergency To keep your business running in the event of emergencies, you must have backup systems in store. The wide dynamic assortment of CBK products for such cases can increase productivity and give you a reliable back up plan for any tough situation. Some of the equipment you need to have on hand include the NVNDG8500CLE Navigator Generator, TOCBYIIIA/CYPH Toho Hydraulic Hand Pallet Truck, STSXWTDPC528 Hand Trucks, and Ridgid Ladder.

Achieving Cleaner, Healthier Facilities with a Clean Underground Drainage System Metro Manila often experiences congested and clogged sewage and drains that will take roughly 12 hours to clear. Thankfully, with Ridgid’s innovative underground technology, specifically the Ridgid FlexShaft™ Drain Cleaning Machines, SeeSnake® Cameras, and the K-5208 Sectional Machine, clogged pipes can be cleared in minutes. In partnership with Co Ban Kiat Hardware, Inc., Ridgid is safeguarding the state of the metropolis’ underground drainage system.

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Managing Health and Sanitation Facilities Businesses should not only focus on the workstations alone but the restroom facilities, as well. Delta Faucets and Dyson Technology with its Airblade Hand Dryers provide innovative commercial solutions that will help businesses with this matter. Some of the must-have equipment in the washroom are listed below.

Where to Buy? For 100 years, Co Ban Kiat Hardware Inc. is the most trusted distributor of home improvement and hardware items in the Philippines.

Let’s shop wisely. #StayAtHome and order online at your convenience. Visit us in the following sites and enjoy deals, discounts, and more!

Website: https://www.cbkhardware. com/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ cbkhardware/ Instagram: http://www.instagram.com/ cbkhardware Join our Fast Growing Viber Community http://%20https//bit. ly/3ebeCXU

Co Ban Kiat Hardware, Inc.

• Dyson Airblade V Hand Dryer. A simple and

compact hand dryer with HEPA filters and an easy-mount backplate for simple, self-service installation. It is costs up to 86% less than other hand dryers to run, much less quieter, and can dry hands within 14 seconds.

• Delta Faucets Grail Series. Faucets with sleek chrome finish, providing exceptional performance and stand up to the rigors of each application.

Revamping your business after COVID-19 is easy with these quality and reliable industrial products that will streamline your business to achieve the highest standard of profitability and efficiency in the operations. For almost 100 years, Co Ban Kiat Hardware is true to its promise in bringing convenience to life in many aspects and to provide more years of world class hardware solutions.

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Ground Floor, Cobankiat Building II, 231 Juan Luna St. Binondo Manila, Philippines.

Phone +632 8243-1931 Phone +632 8243-5263 Phone +632 8894-6561 Email info@cobankiat.com.ph ; ind@cobankiat.com.ph

Coby's Designer Center

Unit 467 level 4 Shangri-La Plaza Edsa Corner Shaw Boulevard Mandaluyong City, Philippines Phone +632 86364895

About CBK Hardware For almost a hundred years, a family’s surname has become synonymous to the country’s biggest hardware supply company. Co Ban Kiat Hardware Incorporated, of the Cobankiat family has a regular client network of more than 1,500 industrial organizations; 1,600 traditional community hardware stores, and 584 home building specialty chain of stores across Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao.

This ever-growing conglomerate traces its humble roots to Manila Chinatown, as a pioneer enterprise started by family’s patriarch, Mr. Cobankiat in 1920. Despite the ruins of World War II, the business goes back to its feet in 1948, rebuilding a storefront from the very same spot where it was known for three decades.

This ever-growing conglomerate traces its humble roots to Manila Chinatown, as a pioneer enterprise started by family’s patriarch, Mr. Cobankiat in 1920. Despite the ruins of World War II, the business goes back to its feet in 1948, rebuilding a storefront from the very same spot where it was known for three decades.

While the Filipinos continue to rebuild their lives post war, CBK Hardware sees the opportunity to introduce the retail concept once unheard for in hardware industry. Cobankiat Hardware brought the first DIY business in the Asia. A do it on yourself concept that created Cobankiat hardware in the Philippines. The Hardware Workshop Store is the fruit if this endeavor. CBK Hardware further cemented its legendary distribution channel with the creation of Coby’ Design Center in Edsa Shangi La in 1996, a specialty store that caters to discriminating taste of modern Filipinos.

In 1997, Mr. Johnny Cobankiat, the 4th generation Cobankiat leader, set another milestone for the company when he brings a franchise of Ace Hardware USA to the Philippines, and signs up CBK Hardware as one of its major suppliers. This further expanded into delivering quality world class products nearer to families of Filipino overseas workers in the countryside.

A century’s excellence can quickly pass, and guided by the vision to be the largest network supplier of the biggest global brands in the hardware industry, CBK Hardware resolve to source the best products to supply its customers anytime and every time.

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ater-treatment personnel have experienced some ripple effects to their daily operations and related employment conditions way beyond the health-related impacts of the COVID-19 crisis — social distancing, masks, work from home arrangements, etc. Especially with the economic activity’s temporary shutdown, the utilities sector also witnessed a disruption in demand at the height of the pandemic in the first half of the year.

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C O V E R

S T O R Y

Fortunately, modern water treatment utilities already feature disinfection and filtration systems that remove pathogens and viruses. Recent water district tests across the US have revealed no signs of the novel coronavirus in the samples of treated water.

This can be said true for the wastewater, as well. Although the new coronavirus can be found in human waste, standard disinfection methods, including oxidation using peracetic acid and hypochlorite and inactivation using ultraviolet irradiation, have proven to be effective.

As revealed by the University of Arizona’s environmental researchers, the novel coronavirus is rapidly inactivated in both water and wastewater at ambient temperature, making its transmission in aqueous environment limited. However, we still need to see if SARS-CoV-2 actually behaves just like its six other predecessors. The other coronaviruses become inactive in wastewater within two to three days, but if the new coronavirus does not exhibit this behavior, more aggressive disinfection and containment measures need to be put in place.

In the meantime, water managers are expected to take these following actions in order to keep water supplies safe for consumption. • Conducting wastewater-based epidemiology. People infected with COVID-19 also have the virus in their feces and urine as shown in recent studies. The virus can survive for up to a handful of days even after exiting the human body.

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Thankfully, research teams are working on improved tests that can detect SARSCoV-2 in the wastewater in infected communities. With this, the potential spread of COVID-19 can be effectively and rapidly predicted through the pick-up of biomarkers in carriers’ urine and feces that get in the sewer system. Test kits can simply be sent to wastewater facilities, who will collect 24-hour composite samples for processing. The data which will be retrieved from the samples will help in mapping the outbreak across the country, helping in the efficient tracking of the spread of the disease. The releases of untreated sewage (sanitary sewer overflows) and stormwater with untreated and partially treated human waste (combined sewer overflows) to the environment should also be monitored. This will become crucial for areas with large number of carriers, such as residential spaces close to hospitals with COVID-19 patients. • Reducing aerosol exposure. Aerosolized pathogens spread in particles much smaller than the droplets from coughing or sneezing. Keeping this in mind, we need to limit the aerosol exposure of pathogens in open ponds at wastewater treatment plants and residential buildings and hospitals with faulty plumbing. It is essential that extra precautions are taken when it comes to external conditions influencing the survival of the novel coronavirus, such as temperature, humidity, and wind. The proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE) should also be reinforced whenever workers are doing wastewater treatment procedures like cleaning filters.

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Conducting wastewater-based epidemiology. People infected with COVID-19 also have the virus in their feces and urine as shown in recent studies.

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Stocking on essential equipment.

Water treatment and wastewater facility managers should ensure the reasonable stocks of chemicals, filter media, and PPEs in case of potential scarcity and shortages.

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C O V E R

S T O R Y

• Stocking on essential equipment. Water treatment and wastewater facility managers should ensure the reasonable stocks of chemicals, filter media, and PPEs in case of potential scarcity and shortages.

• Increasing automation. Further automating water and wastewater facilities minimizes the involvement of operators on the site. Instead of manual screen cleaning, water treatment plants should make use of air burst to dislodge large materials. Online instrumentation should also be provided wherever possible.

• Fine-tuning equipment and procedures. To reduce the exposure to untreated water, operators should tighten pumps’ packing glands, use access doors on flocculators and mixing chambers in place of grates, drain water to floor drains properly, and provide water level monitoring equipment that do not require dipsticks or tape measures. Operators should also make sure that older pumps are replaced with newer ones and flow meters are used to measure chemicals.

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Home Generator Systems

15-20kW Automatic Home Generator Systems †

Protect your home and family from power outages with Briggs & Stratton 15-20kW† home generator systems.

Perfect for medium-to-large homes, our patented power management system provides you with reliable power to meet your home’s power needs.

Briggs & Stratton has been providing reliable engine power for close to 100 years. Trust the proven power experts at Briggs & Stratton for complete peace of mind.

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As we close in on the year 2020, many individuals in the power and water utilities industry are conducting research and nigh endlessly studying about how they can improve their efficiency, work ethic, output, and overall morale. That having been said, here are their findings and gradually growing trends that are prospected to be realized next year.

There are a handful of takeaways that those in the utilities industry have discovered: First, there is general stability on the outlook on Europe, Middle East and Asia integrated utilities and the unfettered power and gas sector.

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COVER STORY

There is some headroom building up in most ratings in the next two years because corporations have efficaciously decreased if not eliminated the risks of their portfolios to focus on more stable activities. However, this upward trend may fall back depending on the allotment of future capital and ever-increasing political pressure.

Second, credit metrics have undergone a drastic improvement. After years of EBITDA decline due to the weedy conditions of the power market, there is a more crystalline path in which growth must follow for 2019-2020. This is further underpropped by increasing water and power prices and the authorizing of new assets and renewables. With stable debt, those at the industry expect improving credit metrics that companies can manage well come the end of the credit cycle.

Power and water prices are also skyrocketing, tethered only by political risk. Compared to 2016’s staggering lows, the power prices are leagues above the KPIs. These metrics are a key driver for a significant advance in earnings in the coming two years.

Complementary to this, the industry employees and workers also see the local and international governments stepping up and enacting their roles in the context of potential political interference, pressure on supply margins, and the evolution of market design in the EU, including for wastewater, desalination, renewables and nuclear energy.

Capital allocation is also a key rating driver. With the water utilities, electricity, and gas industries’ expectations of improving credit metrics and rating headroom, the key risk lies in capital allocation and resource management and delivery in the next two years. The progression of capital apportionment relies on whether financial policies adjust to accommodate more shareholder remuneration; how investments in new technologies and business models develop; and whether mergers and acquisitions (M&A) activity accelerates, including sector consolidation and international expansion.

Regarding industry trends, the workers remain vigilant as oversupply will prevail in most markets, with energy and water efficiency gains and renewables growth. This is in spite of the fact that the sector fundamentals seem to convalesce. Truly, fast-changing technologies have continued to improve. These have not stopped in becoming an ever-present source of impact and inspiration to sector fundamentals and necessitate market players to adapt swiftly and profoundly.

Based on research, transmission & distribution, power generation, wastewater and clean water production prices have done nothing but improve. While this is good in and of itself, those at the industry remain cautious about sustainability. The material enhancement in 38

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Based on research, transmission & distribution, power generation, wastewater and clean water production prices have done nothing but improve.

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Politics are also playing a major game in terms of contravening in industry endeavors.

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Water treatment solutions

power and water prices ought to benefit power generators and water distributors, primarily the producers of nuclear and hydro energy, which are two highly-priced sources of energy and utilities.

Still, despite the efficacy in using them, users must still keep the natural world in mind so as not to infringe upon the notion and trend of sustainability.

Politics are also playing a major game in terms of contravening in industry endeavors. The political environment is always a key engine for the sector, but recent alterations to the political landscape in the countries of the world are exacerbating the risk. For example, decisions such as Brexit, political scrutiny on supply margins, steps the EU has taken in setting new targets for the utility market and modifying the carbon market and water management, and new national utility plans all increase the uncertainty over future risks and opportunities. Opportunities come from the EU’s targets for a greener economy. Asia and Europe recently increased its target for renewables to 32% of the energy mix by 2030—and that is the direction of Europe alone. What about the rest of the world?

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Of course, no trend is every complete with key risks and opportunities which are waiting to be interacted with.

First off, as an opportunity, earnings upside could benefit shareholders rather than debt reduction.

Since most corporations in the industry have experienced completion, or at the very least, are in the process to achieving 100% completion on their transformation plans, and growth prospects are more evident, the industry believes that newfound and well-deserving management teams will likely be under pressure to increase shareholder remuneration.

Second, strong investment opportunities will be keeping capital intensity high all while bringing significant technology, country and execution risk.

If the sector sees increased shareholder remuneration as a potential risk, they must also recognize that capital intensity remains particularly high for the sector.

Lastly, mergers and acquisitions will continue despite whatever change the world and the landscape may bring. Most of the sector’s strategic plans come to an end by Q4 of 2018 or 2019 and

establishments have either achieved 100% completion or are about to complete their ambitious transformations. The industry, however, believes that equity market expectations for the main water utilities and electric power players’ upcoming business plans for 2020 and beyond may therefore be too high.

With these trends, the studies and in-depth dives about power trends of 2017 up until this year, all the companies, organizations, and corporations in the power, gas, and utilities industry and sector must thusly make the right decisions in order to be more efficient and create smoother output, especially in empowering and fuelling vehicles, machines, households, and more, come the next year.

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M: +63 921 7105796

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There are near countless things in the world we can rent—vehicles, apparel, electronics, and even your own home. Renting as a business model has increased in the market even before the emergence of the revolutionary apps we know and love today, and it has only gotten less difficult since. You might think that the owners of a certain item, product, service, or establishment couldn’t think of any more things to rent, but you’d be amazed because now, there exists rentable power plants.

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COVER STORY

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Yes, power plants—entire industrial facilities built for the sole purpose of generating different forms of power and energy. These “temporary power plants” are an instantaneous, dependable, scalable, and most importantly, cost-efficient solution to a country’s power concerns, says large-scale power solutions provider. This is most especially true for the drought-affected southernmost region of the African continent.

Various energy experts describe that the hydropower sector in the African and Asian regions are reeling from the effects of the drought caused by the intense heat weather phenomenon, causing the region to face hard times. Numerous countries in ASEAN, Africa and Austral-Asia are dependent on the generation of hydropower for a large amount of their electricity supply but because of the drought, several allied power infrastructures are currently unable to deliver the necessary supplemental electricity.

Industry reports reveal that the government of various Asian and African considers it as the worst since the 80s, while the Australian government’s heat wave that caused thousands of miles of fire is economically crippling drought for six months, which affected close to a million acres, even the Australian government has lamented that this drought has been the worst in decades.

Fortunately, a helping hand lies in the innovative idea of temporary, rentable power plants.

With all due respect to the efforts launched by the governments, we observe that the need of the hour is an efficient power solution that is able to immediately and economically bridge the gap in electricity supply. Multi-megawatt temporary power plants represent a viable short- to medium-term solution to the region’s hydropower challenges.

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Portable & Emergency Power

Portable power anywhere

Heavy Duty Portable Power for Work, Play, and Emergencies The Duracell® Powerpack 600 provides heavy duty household power anywhere. It operates demanding applications such as power tools, powers DC products that you enjoy during outdoor recreation, and provides emergency power during an outage at home. The Powerpack 600 is quiet, dependable and an easy-to-use alternative to a generator, with added features such as jumper cables. The integrated AM/FM radio and digital alarm clock provide access to music, talk radio and news. Whether it’s a job site or a camp site, the Duracell® Powerpack 600 is the ideal portable power solution.

Product Features: Runs 120-volt AC applications (three outlets) Runs 12-volt DC applications (one outlet) AC charger included DC charging cable included Built-in 600-watt inverter Integrated AM/FM radio and digital alarm clock Included jumper cables are designed for safe and efficient jump-starting Built-in light provides illumination in emergency situations at home and on the road

Vehicle jump-starter

Retail Package

Product Applications: Runs small power tools at a work site Operates camcorders, video games, stereos, 13” TV/VCR combos, handheld blenders, fans, computers, laptops, clock radios Charges cordless and cellular phones Jump-starts vehicles Built-in AM/FM radio provides access to news radio and emergency broadcasts

www.duracellpower.com

These “Temporary Power Plants” are an Instantaneous, Dependable, Scalable, and most Importantly, Cost-Efficient solution to a country’s power concerns.

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These Temporary Power Plants are Versatile and have a Handful of Advantages compared to permanent sites.

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environmentally responsible water treatment

enjoy the water.

Product Focus

Surge Protection

Stage 2 Protection Point of Use (CHSP)

Stage 1 Protection Breaker Panel (CHSP)

From Plasma TV’s and HD DVD Players to surround sound systems and advanced gaming, today’s homes contain more electronics than ever. With this automation comes an increased vulnerability to the effects of surges.

One lightning storm could cost a homeowner thousands, even tens of thousands of dollars worth of damage to the electronics in a home. Once a surge enters a home and damages the electronic components, the homeowner is forced to embark on a time-consuming and frustrating journey. One must: • Diagnose all of the issues • Attempt to find all locations of

damage

• Determine if your equipment

is under warranty

• Locate replacement products • Contact numerous service

departments

A homeowner can help protect against such damage with a comprehensive approach to surge protection. Eaton’s surge suppression products offer the homeowner a complete approach, by offering both Stage I and Stage II surge protection.

Stage I: Service Entrance Protection is designed to provide premier surge protection for AC power, telephone and cable at the point of entrance to the home. Protection at this location can reduce surges to an acceptable level for surge strips to handle at the point of use.

Stage II: Point of use surge strips are designed to offer premier surge protection for specific electronics while providing innovative features to enhance user convenience safety.

Please contact Avery Creek at 1-877-ETN-Care for Technical support . www.eaton.com.

COVER STORY These temporary power plants are versatile and have a handful of advantages compared to permanent sites, such as the ability to operate and maintain the power plants, the easy option to add more power modules to the temporary power plant to preclude the need to buy additional equipment or build other permanent facilities, and the ability of temporary power plants to proportionally adjust their load. Mobile generators can also meet shifting demands quickly with operating budgets, manage aging infrastructure repairs cost-effectively, and improve emissions and environmental compliance which, by now, is a public-approved direction in terms of power generation.

The temporary power provides are also exceptionally well-trained, expert engineers that will ensure that the power plants run at the optimal level all the time.

About these temporary power plants and their power providers, temporary power solutions, in support of hydropower and other power generation stations, can immediately provide them with the much needed boost in power supply, paving the way to sustainable and viable social and economic progress.

To conclude, the need for these mobile generators and temporary, rentable power plants exceed just in Asia and Africa. In addition to intended upgrades and maintenance, various utilities are calling on these temporary generators to restore power more quickly in response to unforeseen power malfunctions or outages.

Whatever the application and usage, temporary power solutions like these mobile power generators, temporary power providers, and rentable power plants ought to be utilized globally in order to help electric utilities provide reliable service to their customers.

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Commercial Water Treatment Solutions

MARCH

2020

NEWS

Mobile Power Plant Market 2019-2029

Oilfield Services Market

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Wastewater Treatment Services Market

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ecause of the increase in the world’s water demand and the decrease in the available resources, water desalination has been gaining quite the popularity over the past three decades. The idea has slowly developed into a viable alternative water supply, allowing us to take advantage of the potential of unconventional water resources.

Although the technology is currently producing just around one percent of the globe’s drinking water, its capacity is expected to grow in the coming years. In fact, investing US$10 billion into the technology would produce an additional 5.7 million cubic

meters of potable water per day. By 2030, this capacity is projected to double in number.

Desalination can use both brackish water and seawater.

Brackish water is that whose salt content does not go over 10,000 mg/L. Seawater, however, has a salinity ranging from 30,000 to 44,000 mg/L. Desalinating brackish water is far less expensive than desalinating seawater.

However, it is less likely to be a major water resource in the future simply because brackish water represents no more than one percent of the total water of the Earth. In fact, the majority of the volume of brackish water is already being utilized in most arid regions of the globe.

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COVER STORY

Seawater, on the other hand, constitute 97.2% of the world’s water resources. In the past, we have looked up to freshwater sources for drinking water, as the ocean water’s high salinity and high cost of desalination is a too great a barrier for us to conquer. Most of our water supply is thanks to the lakes, groundwater aquifers, and rivers.

However, with the changing climate and increasing

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water demand, the water industry is now focusing on extracting fresh water from the ocean. This proves to be an excellent idea as the sea is almost limitless. It is also drought-proof and has been sustaining life across the globe, specifically the handful of arid countries, for centuries now. In fact, no less than half of the world’s population resides in urban centers close to the ocean today. This fact alone proves that seawater

desalination is the answer to a long-term water resource demand.

Today, plenty of people are now benefiting from the 18,000 desalination plants across the world. These produce a total of 86.55 million cubic meters of water a day, 44% of which is produced in North Africa and the Middle East. Desalination in these regions will most probably grow at around seven to nine percent every year. However, several other countries in Latin America, Asia, and the US are expected to be centers for accelerated desalination development in the future.

Trends in Desalination Technology The separation of salt from ocean water is done through two major technologies: membrane separation and thermal evaporation. Using the semi-permeable seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) membranes for desalination has gained quite a traction outside of the Middle East in the last decade. However, the facilities and fuel used in thermal evaporation made this process more frequently used in the Middle East.

SWRO has made developments in the past 20 years, dramatically decreasing the cost of seawater desalination. In fact, the rate of 71

ELECTRICAL SWITCHBOARDS PROFESSIONAL MODULAR SYSTEM Total Adaptation Modular electrical switchboards combine the classical beauty with the most advanced microprocessor technology. EnerNaval IbĂŠrica offers you a complete design of your panel, including the wiring if required.

Fixing screws included

Self-adhesive labels in English, French, Spanish or any other languages

Anodised aluminium modules

Series 0 - 240x260mm

The modular system offers the possibility to have any possible combination so that your boat will have all the electrical needs covered

4mm thickness

Solid fixing system consisting of + and T modules fix, joining panels in the rear part to mount modules between each other. Any combination in possible. Strong system

Series 1 - 240x130mm

Series 3 - 120x65mm

Series 2 - 120x130mm

0ACS: Complete panel for an AC system (25 or 40A). Panel composed by 6 double pole circuit breakers, analogue instruments for Volts and Amps, an AC selector and shore protection

Electrical Switchboards

Series 4 - 60x65mm

Very large range of measuring and control instruments, automatic circuit breakers, switches, push-buttons, indicators and any other parts

®

• Domestic water pumps • Accessories and spare parts • Installation fittings

Domestic Water Pumps

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With the technological advances in this industry, desalinated water costs will be reduced by 20% to 60% in the next five to 20 years.

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With equipment and technology advancing by the year, the energy consumption of desalination plants dropped to 80%.

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EGT GROUP

New Generation Submarine Electrophoresis System

Multi Function Power Supply

Timer: 0 to 99 min.

7 voltage variations

Multichannel Pipette Compatible

Allows formation of 13 or 26 lanes.

Max. 104 lanes( 4 combs)

info@eurogentec.com • www.eurogentec.com

UV Transparent Electrophoresis Tank

Permits users to directly observe bands by mounting the tank on the transilluminator.

Dirty Water Vacuum Pumps VAC-2000/4001

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advancement in this technology is comparable to that of computer technology. The productivity gains of advanced SWRO, combined with transfers to more extensive capacity plans and enhancements of the project delivery, proved to be a considerable factor in cutting the cost of desalinated water.

The energy used in desalination also posed a considerable part of the production cost. With equipment and technology advancing by the year, the energy consumption of desalination plants dropped to 80%. In fact, a household’s refrigerator now consumes more energy in a year than that needed to produce fresh water for the same house.

Although there are no major technological breakthroughs in the desalination industry in the coming years, the continuous reduction of the cost of production and the huge investments in water treatment will be enough to make this technology a trending one in the near future. With the technological advances in this industry, desalinated water costs will be reduced by 20% to 60% in the next five to 20 years.

This will further make the ocean a more concrete and reliable water alternative, not only for the coastal areas but also for the inland cities worldwide, as well.

-end-

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Limitor

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APRIL

2020

NEWS

China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC)

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Oilfield Services Market

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Ultraviolet Analyzer Market Worth $1.4 Billion

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bout 90 percent of the total population of the world that will remain no direct access to electricity in the year 2030 will come from sub-Saharan Africa.

This is the result of the World Bank Tracking SDG7: The Energy Access 2018 report. This figure is, indeed, alarming because by the year 2030, the global universal electricity access roadmap eyes for about 92% electricity access coverage.

The said report also projected that about 60 million people in Africa would just rely on off-grid solar sources to survive. But this assumption is seemingly difficult to be realized since the use of off-grid solar energy in the region is not that popular. In fact, based on the Off-grid Solar Market Trends 2018 report, Africa’s annual off-grid solar reach only recorded a 7% annual increase since 2010.

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Why Sub-Saharan People Must Pursue Off-grid Venture

Access to reliable energy is one of the crucial factors that affect human survival. Especially that technological advancement has been very fastpaced in the 21st century.

Energy significantly affects the delivery of the government’s delivery of basic services. You can just try to imagine how many lives will be lost if healthcare facilities have erratic energy supply.

Some experts even compared electricity’s significance with water and food. In other words, people can never survive without a reliable supply of electricity.

With these, people in sub-Saharan Africa are, indeed, facing great trouble. The government and the community alike must find ways to mitigate the impact of having no reliable energy source.

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To meet the gap between the consumers and off-grid solar energy providers, several dissemination campaigns are already held in the sub-Saharan region. Some of the offgrid companies are even supporting entrepreneurial programs just to get near to the locals of sub-Saharan Africa.

Little by little, people of the subSaharan Africa understand the significance of electricity. And that they need to find a better alternative energy source before it becomes too late.

The following are some of the reasons why people in sub-Saharan Africa must adapt to the use of off-grid solar energy sources.

• Access to Online Information. The advent of technology made it possible for people to learn a lot of things, even outside the school premises.

Yes, this is possible through the internet. But in the past years, people in sub-Saharan Africa have been too unfortunate that they couldn’t even afford to use computers and surf the web. The cause of this? The lack of reliable energy sources! Once the use of off-grid solar energy is institutionalized in sub-Saharan Africa, this will bring huge relief. The African children will now get the chance to read useful content on the internet.

• Aids Communication. Another important use of electricity is the charging of telecommunications devices. Currently, the telecommunications service in subSaharan Africa is not that inclusive.

Of course, a lot of people will have no interest in purchasing mobile phones since charging these devices is another problem. But this situation will change once the people in subSaharan Africa have fully embraced the off-grid solar energy.

• Nurtures Critical Thinking.

Television, radio, and the internet are some of the primary sources of information. These platforms are so powerful that they affect people’s way of perceiving things. In fact, creating intelligent opinions on vital societal issues is formed by weighing different commentaries on television and radio.

People can also double-check any information by browsing the internet.

The people of sub-Saharan Africa will experience all of these once the off-grid solar energy system has been fully activated in the region.

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DOMESTIC HOT WATER HEAT PUMP Heating capacity 1,8 kW

Your independent hot water system The Heliotherm domestic hot water heat pump provides for independent hot water in your home. The free and inexhaustible air or ground energy available is used for heating water and saves up to 65 % of water heating costs.

Compact design, energy efficient and safe The heat pump can be independently used or in conjunction with an oil, gas or a pellet heating system. The separate hot water preparation reduces the working load of the heat pump. As the pump is only turned on for hot water preparation, the compact system can save considerable amounts of energy and can prepare up to 850 liters of hot water within 24 hours. The energy is taken from the ground through the ground collectors or energy in the air.

Advantages of a Heliotherm heat pump Selective use of air as a free source of energy or use of geothermal energy possible.

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Easy installation: The unit is delivered ready to plug.

Use of cooled air for air conditioning.

(Only for air system design) Once a week the water is automatically heated to 60 °C to prevent build up danger of legionella.

HELIOTHERM WÄRMEPUMPENTECHNIK GES.M.B.H.

Sportplatzweg 18 . 6336 Langkampfen . Austria . Phone +43 (0)5332 87496-0 . Fax +43 (0)5332 87496-30 . info@heliotherm.com . www.heliotherm.com

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What are the Obstacles of Off-grid Solar Energy in Sub-Saharan Africa • Financing Hurdles. One of the main obstacles that may hamper the immediate implementation of off-grid solar energy in subSaharan Africa is the cost of installation. This is for the fact that people in this region are financially-challenged. So, it is very evident that there will be no local company that can open a huge business endeavor such as this; hence, the need for foreign investors.

• Consumer’s Trust. Again, the main pain point of the locals is their lack of trust and confidence in this new technology. So, there’s a need for more dissemination forums to make sure that people understand the benefits of offgrid solar energy.

• Stability. Once the off-grid solar energy system has been in place, the next challenge would be stability. Service providers must develop contingency measures just to ensure that off-grid solar facilities function well.

Because if people experience a regular power outage, they will again try to rethink the viability of using off-grid solar energy in remote places such as sub-Saharan Africa.

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ELEKTROMED Excellence in Metering

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M AY

2020

NEWS

Water is Our First Line of Defense Against COVID-19

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Post COVID-19: How Industrial Companies Can Bounce Back

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UCLA Engineer Made a Ventilator from Hardware Items

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It is no surprise that COVID-19, more commonly known as the coronavirus, is a recently discovered infectious disease that has resulted in a global mobilization against its spread through stringent government mandates such as enforced community quarantines, social distancing, and limited use of services and utilities. Despite the sound validity for the implementation of these laws, their effects on the economy, businesses, utilities, and industries have been detrimental and disadvantageous to say the least.

While a large number of the world populace is well equipped to work from home without a compromising quality, there are a number of industries 100

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that face a tougher time adjusting to the current reality. These industries are considered by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) as critical infrastructure sectors.

Two among these critical industries are power and water, including power plants, dams, and nuclear reactors, along with transmission systems.

All over the world, utilities and power generators have begun revising their business practices and

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developing strategies for dealing with this pandemic. It is paramount for the power industry to implement completed adjustments as quickly as possible, since lacking a reliable supply of electricity is problematic for the entire world and disruptive to the economy.

Utilities have also projected a possible rise in power consumption from the residential sector. This is due to the lessened demand for power from commercial, educational, and industrial facilities, thanks to their government-

mandated, temporary cease of operations.

As proof, Italy, one of the epicenters for the coronavirus outbreak, saw an 18.1% drop in commercial power demand since the last week of February up until the second week of March. During this period, all nonessential businesses have been closed and the potential for what is known in the energy industry as “demand destruction� could become all too real.

In the same way, many utilities from the U.S. West Coast have begun reporting drops in commercial demand for power.

COVID-19 also is impacting how utilities deal with their customers. In a nutshell, customers are being called to inquire via digital and online means to prevent unnecessary health risks brought about

by in-person meetings.

The water industry, however, is facing a different set of challenges. With the advice of regular hand washing emphasized by medical professionals around the globe, the provision of clean and safe water by the water industry has never been as vital as it is now. However, because of the panic brought about by the pandemic, the speculation that the coronavirus can be transferred via waterways has been circulating.

Luckily, global water sector professional bodies, institutions, and associations have been quick to publish fact sheets and guidance documents for all citizens in order to calm any concern and help cut through the sea of misinformation and fake news about how COVID-19 can spread.

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COVID-19 also is impacting how utilities deal with their customers.

In a nutshell, customers are being called to inquire via digital and online means to prevent unnecessary health risks brought about by in-person meetings.

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“Drinking water utilities that produce their water from surface water sources have all set up multiple disinfection barriers for the purpose of removing bacteria, viruses and protozoa, which are also safeguarded by the Analysis of Microbial Safety of Drinking Water. Groundwater, in turn, is well protected in the subsurface against all microbial contaminants, including viruses.�

Professor Gertjan Medema, PhD from KWR Water Research Institute confirmed.

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AUT OM AT I C S TAN D BY G EN ERAT OR S

GEOTHERMAL DESALINATION European Geothermal Energy Council

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) observed that the COVID-19 virus has not been detected in drinking water. “Drinking water utilities that produce their water from surface water sources have all set up multiple disinfection barriers for the purpose of removing bacteria, viruses and protozoa, which are also safeguarded by the Analysis of Microbial Safety of Drinking Water.

Groundwater, in turn, is well protected in the subsurface against all microbial contaminants, including viruses.� Professor Gertjan Medema, PhD from KWR Water Research Institute confirmed.

On the other side of the water spectrum, the Water Environment Federation (WEF) reminded that people should follow routine practices to prevent being exposed to any wastewater as COVID-19 may be transmitted via the fecaloral route. This is explained by scientists who noticed that nCov-positive patients have experienced loose bowel movements in the early stages of infection instead of a fever, which is more common.

Truly, never have these two industries been more important to the majority as they are now.

Being frontliners in their own right, they are continuously working and facing the danger of exposure to supply families and citizens with necessary utilities. Without a presence of a power and water system in this crucial time, the world might as well descend into chaos.

So, whether one works in the power or water industry, anyone from either force should be prepared for potential impacts to operations such as staff absenteeism or unforeseen infection, among others, and to respond to customer inquiries with safety in mind.

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JUNE

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Hygiene is Now Our Highest Priority

China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC)

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Latin America Switchgear Market Report

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he coronavirus outbreak has yet to subside even after a month into the second quarter of the year. Save for a handful of countries, the majority of the planet’s population is still reeling from the adverse effects of the virus. The world is gradually adjusting to this viral outbreak with nothing but a sliver of a chance at full recovery. In this state of health-related crisis, governments around the world have implemented community quarantines, social distancing laws, and other mandates that are hellbent on “flattening the curve�. Needless to say, these quarantines do in fact prevent the virus from spreading any further.

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However, in recent news stories around the world, people who have not stepped foot outside of their homes since the initial spread of the coronavirus are still, in one way or another, testing positive for COVID-19. Since the possibility of COVID-19 being transmitted via ducts, airways, and other ventilation systems in a facility have already been shown to be true, another question comes up: is it possible for the coronavirus to get into our tap water?

In short, while it is highly unlikely, it is not impossible. This statement on its own is alarming, but further education and caution are required for people to effectively avoid the looming pandemic and chances of virus-contraction.

Since water (coupled with soap) is nemesis of the coronavirus, it is difficult to accept that it can travel via water. However, it has already been established by trained medical professionals that the virus travels the air via microscopic water droplets from coughs or sneezes. Also, tap water from pipes and systems already have microbes in them. With that in mind, it shouldn’t be that big of a surprise to know that, like other bacteria, germs, and microbial entities, the coronavirus can live and traverse within water, too.

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“In drinking water systems, organic microorganisms can develop a slimy extracellular matrix called a “biofilm” on the interior of corroded pipes. The biofilm creates a kind of structure that viruses in the pipes can stick to and colonize,” UC Riverside chemical engineering professor Haizhou Liu said. Under certain stimuli, the corrosion could flake loose from the interior of a pipe and cause the biofilm and the attached coronavirus colony to flow through the pipe towards end users by way of a faucet, showerhead, garden hose, etc.. That potentially could happen, for example, if a water utility changed the source of its water (like switching from well water to imported water, or from lake water to river water), causing a change in the chemical balance of the water. However, water systems are built sturdier than that. In other words, the coronavirus would be long gone, washed away long before it touches a person’s hands. Faucets are safe.

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The world is gradually adjusting to this viral outbreak with nothing but a sliver of a chance at full recovery.

In this state of health-related crisis, governments around the world have implemented community quarantines, social distancing laws, and other mandates that are hellbent on “flattening the curve�.

Needless to say, these quarantines do in fact prevent the virus from spreading any further.

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People stockpiling bottled water from convenience stores and groceries is ultimately an effect of fear. In truth, it shouldn’t take pandemic to get us to stock up, but that’s what happened.

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More safe are showerheads, because what comes after turning the shower on is of course soap, shampoo, and other virus-killing chemicals that humans have been using for a long time.

The challenge here then is effectively communicating which water sources are and aren’t safe. While tap water is generally safe to wash with and even drink, people stockpiling bottled water from convenience stores and groceries is ultimately an effect of fear. In truth, it shouldn’t take pandemic to get us to stock up, but that’s what happened.

If one is also worried about contracting coronavirus from a faucent recently used by one who is COVID-19 positive, then that is another story. If someone is living in a home with a person who is self-isolating because they have or might have the coronavirus, that person should be the only one using that restroom, if possible. If not, 128

clean the high-touch surfaces in that restroom after every use.

When it comes to the coronavirus and how to eliminate it from the face of the planet, it all boils down once again to good handwashing and hygiene practices to rinse off and eradicate traces of coronavirus.

The fact of the matter is water remains largely safe thanks to the way the systems are built, how the physics of water distribution generally is, and how it is treated by the people working in the industry.

That is why, once the coronavirus does indeed die down thanks to the mandates of the government and more importantly the efforts of the medical workers, we must give them thanks and praise more than ever.

-end-

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desalination Technology Update—

J U LY

2020

NEWS

Metito & ACE Thailand Inks Water Treatment for 10 Biomass Power Plants

$2.96 Bn Valve Positioners Market

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Electrification and the Evolution of INFINITI Design

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few months have passed since the initial coronavirus outbreak spread across the world and caused the countries to implement extreme albeit completely valid rulesets such as community quarantines, nationwide lockdowns, mass testing operations, and medical frontline endeavors, among other methods to buttress the coronavirus’ spread.

Many industries as well are reeling from the adverse effects of the virus, doing everything in their power to remain working in a slowly collapsing economy.

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One such industry that faced multiple consequences thanks to COVID-19 is the utilities, specifically power and water industries.

Now, safety has always been at the forefront for the utilities industry. Needless to say, it is a core principle by which they work and live. Amidst this global pandemic, making certain that critical lifeline services are smoothly operating and are not interrupted has created a mountain of a challenge. The near-term decisions utility leaders make today to protect their employees, communities and business from COVID-19, will undoubtedly impact future operations. In order to guarantee enterprise resiliency in the present until the future, ensuring the safety of people and going the extra mile to serve customers while anticipating and minimizing financial impact is the industry’s paramount objective.

So, how do we adapt to an evolving environment today?

Leaders are in the process of directing large reductions in productivity since the majority of employees grapple with the safety, care, and education of family and loved ones. As public health officials and even frontline medical 134

professionals warn of a multi-month war against the virus and its potential spread, these challenges will only be augmented and exacerbated without adequate foresight, planning, and caution. While each utility will have different needs and requirements for workplace and people management, customer service, and business continuity, experts recommend the following approach in the short term.

1. Organize your response Utilities around the world acknowledge that a swift and organized response to the pandemic in relation to the industry is needed to proactively manage and adapt to an ever-evolving environment. Key performance indicators include unifying the response team, establishing clear priorities, and communicating with consistency. It is crucial that every individual from the C-suite to field crews internalize their roles and responsibilities in order to promote the highest quality of safety. Executives ought to be focused on strategic guidance, broad priorities, and mitigating legal or policy issues. A single crossfunctional response organization must be founded with one incident commander. Of course, this commander must be experienced, open, and selfless in order to show true leadership. This will help align response goals and synchronize the resources to support field crews, call centers, and control room operators charged with executing tactical operations.

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As public health officials and even frontline medical professionals warn of a multi-month war against the virus and its potential spread, these challenges will only be augmented and exacerbated without adequate foresight, planning, and caution.

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Each utility will have different needs and requirements for workplace and people management, customer service, and business continuity, experts recommend the following approach in the short term.

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AIR SOURCE HEAT PUMP - SPLIT DESIGN Web Control Series Heating capacity from 3 - 33 kW

Your own breath of fresh air The air source heat pump - split design, is very compact and simple to install, whether the building is renovated or is a new construction. The split system enables installation in small land property using the free and inexhaustible environmental energy for heating and cooling of your home.

Heliotherm’s split air source heat pump can be a true breath of fresh air for your operating cost budget and for your maximum home climate comfort.

Unrivaled - simple and effective The Heliotherm air source heat pump is undisputed and convincing through a number of advantages: No danger of frozen heating pipes, shorter defrost cycles, rendering economical and quiet operation with Heliotherm’s modulating technology and optimised fan technology. Lower initial costs, installation costs and no special installation pre-approval permits required, making the air source - split design heat pump particularly attractive.

Advantages of a Heliotherm heat pump Highest energy efficient air heat pump on the market.

Higher annual performance factor: greater than "4" possible > highest possible grant funding*.

Problem free heating even at deepest winter temperatures.

Space saving installation - quiet outdoor unit made of durable aluminium.

Quiet operation through acoustic decoupling and special insulation design.

No special installation pre-approval permits required - ready to install in any building.

* dependent on regional funding

Ideal for renovation building projects - easy to install.

Intelligent defrost process.

Active cooling possible - optional.

Highest efficient use of free energy and low operating costs through Heliotherm’s registered twin-x technology® and patented dsi-technology®.

Outlet temperatures of up to 60 °C are possible due to the multi-sensor monitored cycle, also resulting in higher operating reliability.

HELIOTHERM WÄRMEPUMPENTECHNIK GES.M.B.H.

Sportplatzweg 18 . 6336 Langkampfen . Austria . Phone +43 (0)5332 87496-0 . Fax +43 (0)5332 87496-30 . info@heliotherm.com . www.heliotherm.com

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Clear, simple control panel. Power and arc length control, memory channels and lock, safety isolation, inductance, gas test, wire inch, 2T/4T, hot start, crater fill and MMA options.

DuraTorque 4x4 wire drive mechanism ensures consistent wire speed and quality welds.

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Choose from three wire feed cases, including tough, impact resistant, dual skin plastic, MXF63 and MXF67, offering long service life protection.

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2. Create a future planning and proofing team The unpredictability and convolution of a global pandemic makes responding more complex than a typical natural disaster like the run-of-the-mill thunderstorm, earthquake, wildfires, or tornado (despite them being no-nonsense tragedies in their own right). As a result, utilities ought to model different scenarios focused on the impact that the current and potentially worsening operating conditions will have on the business over the next 1-2 years. The gaps identified in the scenarios will help to notify key considerations when developing both short-term and long-term strategies.

3. Identify opportunities to partner with stakeholders At a time when governments are progressively limiting (albeit, in most regions, failingly) the movement of individuals in an attempt to halt the spread of the coronavirus, utilities like power and water can expect a shift in the demand for electric power. Residential consumption and demands on water infrastructure will increase as families are at home for longer periods of time. This checks out, since the presence of a full family in the house for longer hours equates to more water usage.

State and local legislators will shoulder response priorities in the different communities they serve.

Regulators may introduce newly developed mandates that don’t support the typical business model. As a result, there is an opportunity for utilities to actively form partnerships with varying stakeholder groups to understand their needs and properly set expectations accordingly.

Truly, utility figureheads can seize this opportunity by taking swift action to cautiously navigate this worldwide medical crisis and learn from their colleagues. Applying these recommendations can soften the blow to the businesses and potentially decelerate revenue loss. It can also forge new levels of trust with employees, and position their businesses for greater resiliency and productivity in the future.

-end-

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As the pandemic continues to hit the globe, a drastic decrease in the use of energy worldwide can be clearly seen. Much of this sudden fall can be attributed to the fact that some businesses are temporarily closed, the majority of the workforce is working from home, and there is high unemployment rate worldwide. Experts suggest that this low demand might go beyond 2020 if social distancing practices continue and the economy doesn’t recover soon. It is also likely that a few of these trends in demand reduction, such as working remotely, will become a permanent thing in the future.

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C O V E R

S T O R Y

As predicted by the International Energy Agency (IEA), the energy demand for the entire year will plunge to 6%, most of which is driven by the second quarter. This reduction will be the biggest percentage decrease since World War II. Electricity consumption is also down by 2.5% in the first quarter and is estimated to plummet to 5% for the entire year. Conversely, the IEA gauges a 1% increase in renewable energy demand for 2020 as the coal, gas and nuclear energy demands drop to 8%, 5%, and 2% respectively.

This shift towards the use of renewable energy can be related to the lowering of demand in the business sector. Since most businesses are reducing their output and allowing their employees to work from home, they are beginning to invest in renewables as this is a much more cost-effective solution for a low-demand business. Compared to the traditional energy sources that cost between US$0.02 to US$0.10 per kWh on average, wind turbines, solar systems, and hydroelectric power all cost less than US$0.01 per kilowatt hour (kWh) on average.

Although it is likely that energy demand will revert to its normal levels, the use of coal is already declining and is estimated to be taken over by renewables in 2020, especially in Europe and the US.

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This comes as no surprise as most developed nations, aside from Japan, have already been using less coal for the generation of electricity for the past decade.

In addition to this, the improvement in battery technology and capacity has made renewables more attractive as they can now be used even for peak power demand. Natural gas turbines are also becoming a trend due to their lower costs.

Another crucial factor that causes the shift to renewable energy is the denial of major financial institutions to do business with any company operations involved with thermal coal. Because of this, coal-mining firms and coal-fired power plant operators find it hard to obtain financing and insurance, thus making it hard to run the business, as well. In fact, the six primary banks in the US and the six primary banks in Europe have all banned lending to coal-mining operations, with ten of these banks restricting lending to coal-fired power plants, as well.

Apart from coal, the pandemic has also contributed to the decline in oil usage for the first quarter of the year. This has marked a drop of over 10% amounting to no less than 10 million barrels per day of production.

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In fact, the six primary banks in the US and the six primary banks in Europe have all banned lending to coal-mining operations, with ten of these banks restricting lending to coal-fired power plants, as well.

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Since most businesses are reducing their output and allowing their employees to work from home, they are beginning to invest in renewables as this is a much more cost-effective solution for a low-demand business.

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centrifugal pre-filtration

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vizia rf+ Wireless Home Control System with Z-Wave Technology ®

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■ Wireless control via RF (Z-Wave® technology) Interoperable with other Z-Wave Certified Products ■ Scene capable

■ Superior versatility provides six product options in each box* – 3 changeable face plates – Single pole or 3-way

■ Multiple handheld and wall mounted remotes available for multi-location control

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C O V E R

S T O R Y

The second quarter sees a reduction of 20 to 30%, as well, all thanks to the lockdowns in most countries. Since people are stuck at home, public and private transportation, along with air travel, all plummeted, although temporarily. Shipping and trucking have been affected, too, but to a minimal degree as goods still need to be delivered.

Similar to the thermal coal industry, the oil and gas industry has been struggling to beat its renewable competitors even before the pandemic hit. But unlike the former, the oil demand due to the pandemic is actually a mixed bag.

Now that social distancing protocols and lockdowns are in place, the demand for oil has been significantly reduced. This can be attributed to thousands of employees working from home who don’t need to commute or drive their cars to work. Although a few will eventually return to their offices, not everyone will be required to be present due to social distancing. However, oil demand can also increase, mainly since people are shifting to private vehicles instead of using public transportation like buses and trains. This will spike the usage of oil, particularly in major cities like Tokyo, New York, and London.

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- End -

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LS EHV Cable System 66~500kV XLPE Cable & Accessories

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The COVID-19 outbreak across the globe has affected numerous business and industries to date. Thankfully, the water and wastewater sectors of the United States, so far, have been largely unscathed.

Treated drinking water remains to be safe for human consumption and workers in the utility and wastewater treatment are generally free from any sort of novel danger.

To maintain this status quo and keep the environment and the public safe, we need to preserve this infrastructure and the hundred thousands of water treatment plant workers that sustain the industry safe. We cannot afford to have water and wastewater facilities hobble on top of the already collapsing health-care systems across the globe.

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Fortunately, modern water treatment utilities already feature disinfection and filtration systems that remove pathogens and viruses. Recent water district tests across the US have revealed no signs of the novel coronavirus in the samples of treated water.

This can be said true for the wastewater, as well. Although the new coronavirus can be found in human waste, standard disinfection methods, including oxidation using peracetic acid and hypochlorite and inactivation using ultraviolet irradiation, have proven to be effective.

As revealed by the University of Arizona’s environmental researchers, the novel coronavirus is rapidly inactivated in both water and wastewater at ambient temperature, making its transmission in aqueous environment limited. However, we still need to see if SARS-CoV-2 actually behaves just like its six other predecessors. The other coronaviruses become inactive in wastewater within two to three days, but if the new coronavirus does not exhibit this behavior, more aggressive disinfection and containment measures need to be put in place.

In the meantime, water managers are expected to take these following actions in order to keep water supplies safe for consumption. • Conducting wastewater-based epidemiology. People infected with COVID-19 also have the virus in their feces and urine as shown in recent studies. The virus can survive for up to a handful of days even after exiting the human body.

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Thankfully, research teams are working on improved tests that can detect SARSCoV-2 in the wastewater in infected communities. With this, the potential spread of COVID-19 can be effectively and rapidly predicted through the pick-up of biomarkers in carriers’ urine and feces that get in the sewer system. Test kits can simply be sent to wastewater facilities, who will collect 24-hour composite samples for processing. The data which will be retrieved from the samples will help in mapping the outbreak across the country, helping in the efficient tracking of the spread of the disease. The releases of untreated sewage (sanitary sewer overflows) and stormwater with untreated and partially treated human waste (combined sewer overflows) to the environment should also be monitored. This will become crucial for areas with large number of carriers, such as residential spaces close to hospitals with COVID-19 patients. • Reducing aerosol exposure. Aerosolized pathogens spread in particles much smaller than the droplets from coughing or sneezing. Keeping this in mind, we need to limit the aerosol exposure of pathogens in open ponds at wastewater treatment plants and residential buildings and hospitals with faulty plumbing. It is essential that extra precautions are taken when it comes to external conditions influencing the survival of the novel coronavirus, such as temperature, humidity, and wind. The proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE) should also be reinforced whenever workers are doing wastewater treatment procedures like cleaning filters.

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Conducting wastewater-based epidemiology. People infected with COVID-19 also have the virus in their feces and urine as shown in recent studies.

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Stocking on essential equipment.

Water treatment and wastewater facility managers should ensure the reasonable stocks of chemicals, filter media, and PPEs in case of potential scarcity and shortages.

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• Stocking on essential equipment. Water treatment and wastewater facility managers should ensure the reasonable stocks of chemicals, filter media, and PPEs in case of potential scarcity and shortages.

• Increasing automation. Further automating water and wastewater facilities minimizes the involvement of operators on the site. Instead of manual screen cleaning, water treatment plants should make use of air burst to dislodge large materials. Online instrumentation should also be provided wherever possible.

• Fine-tuning equipment and procedures. To reduce the exposure to untreated water, operators should tighten pumps’ packing glands, use access doors on flocculators and mixing chambers in place of grates, drain water to floor drains properly, and provide water level monitoring equipment that do not require dipsticks or tape measures. Operators should also make sure that older pumps are replaced with newer ones and flow meters are used to measure chemicals.

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In light of the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak and the consequent lockdowns on the energy system, the International Energy Agency (IEA) has seen a significant change in the electricity demand worldwide. It has declined since the lockdown periods but has steadily increased again as measures were gradually eased.

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Impact of Lockdowns in the Electricity Demand In Europe As confinement measures were softened in Germany and Italy last April, the demand in electricity has begun showing signs of recovery. This was confirmed the next month as neighboring countries, such as Great Britain, France, and Spain, eased their lockdown measures, as well.

However, in June, the electricity demand still stayed at least 10% lower compared to June 2019 in most countries.

The same can be said true for the following month as the majority of the EU countries remained 5% lower than its 2019 levels. Italy, on the other hand, experienced a slower recovery in July due to the more stringent measures enforced by the government. Nonetheless, because of the sustained recovery in the demand across EU countries, most of them were already close to their 2019 levels come August.

In Asia India has shown signs of recovery in the electricity demand as early as May when it begun easing its quarantine measures. In June, the country’s electricity demand recovery was more pronounced, putting it close to its July 2019 levels the following month. During the first half of August, the demand was already higher than August 2019, but it eventually fell below the 2019 levels come the last half of the month. This decline can be attributed to the significant rise in COVID-19 cases in industrialized states like Gujarat and Maharashtra. Agricultural states like Uttar Pradesh, on the other hand, remained consistent with its electricity demand and even surpassed its numbers from last year.

In China, the demand has dropped significantly during the lockdown period in January and continued to decrease in February. After confinement measures were eased, the demand recovered in May, marking a 4% increase from what was recorded last May 2019. However, this is likely attributed to the rise in cooling needs. June, on the other hand, saw the complete recovery of electricity demand in the country, increasing significantly from its 2019 levels.

This was confirmed as the demand was sustained in July.

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The majority of the EU countries remained 5% lower than its 2019 levels.

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In July, natural gas reached a 50% share in the generation mix, as nuclear and coal increased in response to the growing demand.

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Changes in Electricity Mix across the Globe In the US Natural gas continues to be the primary source of electricity in the country in March. By May, renewables grabbed the second place after natural gas. The following month, however, wind generation significantly decreased as it typically does during this season. Natural gas remained in top position as government measures were softened.

In July, natural gas reached a 50% share in the generation mix, as nuclear and coal increased in response to the growing demand. This put the renewables generation at the back end of the list, mainly since there is a seasonal decline in hydro and wind. The next month, the electricity demand surpassed its 2019 levels, with coal and wind generation satisfying the increased need.

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In Asia India saw a significant decrease in the gap between coal and renewables after the government ordered the first lockdown measures. Since then, the share of coal in the power mix has remained under 70%, aligning with the country’s longterm goal of increasing the share of non-fossil based electricity. As the demand grew in late May, the share of renewables in the electricity mix continued to rise, thanks to their seasonal availability. This also happened in August as the renewables’ share rose to over 30%, most of which were provided by hydro and wind generation.

China, on the other hand, experienced a ramp up in the share of renewables in June thanks to the growing hydro electricity generation. This continued until July when the Wudongde new dam began to operate.

In Europe In the European Union, renewables have substantially increased compared to the first semester of 2019 due to the favorable weather conditions and continued deployment. In fact, weekly renewable production has been significantly higher compared to fossil fuel production from February to early July. It only decreased by the second week of July because of the lower weekly wind generation.

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