The Neighborhood Link: Temporary and Tactical Urbanism

ABPL90389_2019_SM1_Urban Design Studio C

The Neighbourhood Link

Temporary/Tactical Urbanism

by Gian Franco Valverde Espinoza

Professor Kim Dovey Matthjis W. L. Van Oostrum Melbourne of School of Design The University of Melbourne

ID_890823_MSD_The University of Melbourne

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Analysis Description of site study area, capacity & adaptation maps

page 3

2 Proposal Description of the project, design and fund scheme and method

page 7

3 Toolkit Adaptations: Size, Use and Time

page 9

4 Possible Scenarios Scenario 1: Negotiation of common space: Short-term pilot intervention Scenario 2: Creative community cluster: Long-term investment strategy

page 11 page 15

5 Cases & Readings A revision of nine adaptation projects across the world

A literature review of key concepts about tactical & temporary urbanism from book and journals

page 19 page 29

1

Gian Franco Valverde Espinoza

INCREMENTAL DESIGN. A community-lead project that gradually transforms an underutilized car parking into an adaptable framework of maker-spaces, local shops and other daily essential activities.

2

ID_890823_MSD_The University of Melbourne

ANALYSIS

1

To Clifton Hill

To Melbourne´s CBD

Abbotsford, CITY OF COLLINGWOOD

To Kew East

Lulie St.

Hoddle St.

Eastern Freeway

D

A

B

C

To Collingwood Station

SITE CONTEXT The site is located along the railway line in the suburb of Abbotsford, Collingwood which is 2km north-west from Melbourne’s CBD. The railway restricts pedestrian connections to east-west side of the urban fabric.

The population has a diverse cultural background, younger families, emergence creative artist, existing brewery industries and home to the Collingwood football club.

Site Study Area Victoria Station Bus Stop Railway Tunnel (Pedestrian Link) Car entrance

Buffer Zone (VicRoads)

Existing land occupancy

A Victoria Park

B Collingwood Library

C FareShare Kitchen Garden

D Car parking

3

Gian Franco Valverde Espinoza

Lulie St.

Abbot St.

nt ce res rry C

Upfield Railway

e Tren

Hoddle St.

Noone St.

Turner St.

0m

125 m

250 m

ADAPTATION This map represents the existing spatial adaptations that occurs in the site. They are categorised in 5 items which combined shows the location and size of existing community initiatives. This serves as a way to understand place attachment within established neighbourhoods.

It helps to visualize the hidden and fined “seed interventions� of neighbours often dismissed by local planning tools.

Furnishing

Public transport

Greening

Bus stop Metro station

Enclosing

Building & lot lines

Displaying

Study Site

Surfacing

4

ID_890823_MSD_The University of Melbourne

Lulie St.

Abbot St.

nt ce res rry C

Upfield Railway

e Tren

Hoddle St.

Noone St.

Turner St.

0m

125 m

250 m

CAPACITY This map represents the existing development opportunity within the site. They are categorised in 6 spatial qualities and according to a period of use which combined shows the location, size and time-frame of existing available land.

It helps to observe the city as spatial network of opportunities often dismissed by local planning tools.

Green space

Public transport Bus stop Metro station

Laneways

Study Site

Permanent Car space Pedestrian space Vacant Interface

Periodic

Building & lot lines

5

Gian Franco Valverde Espinoza

ADAPTATION

CAPACITY

SITE CONDITIONS

Greening

Car space

Surfacing

Interface

Furnishing

Green space

6

ID_890823_MSD_The University of Melbourne

2

FRAMEWORK (Council)

INFILL (User)

underutilize car-parking

buffer zone

subdivision of rental lots

street

street

Railway

street

Railway

buffer zone

buffer zone

EXISTING (Existing)

Railway

PROPOSAL

incremental design

DIAGRAM Site

Located in a car-parking space adjacent to a metro station. The land belongs to VicRoad and is part of a buffer zone of the upfield railway.

Time & Organization

A “Lease agreement” annually renewed (1.00 AUD per year) between the landowner (VicRoad) and the local council (tenant) which will subdivided in small parcels and subleased to a group of neighbours or community organizations during different time formats (weekly,monthly & annually)

Intervention

It modifies an existing car-parking next to the metro station into a neighbourhood transit-oriented development. It proposes an adaptable framework of modular scaffoldings where the user infill interim uses and unfixed structures creating an experimental community cluster that hosts micro and small sized entrepreneur’s businesses or start-ups.

7

Gian Franco Valverde Espinoza

METHOD WHAT (forms)

HOW (operations)

WHEN (cycles)

WHERE (context)

WHY (activity)

enclosure surfaces

add modify

month year

car parking space

eat & drink meet debate play

8

ID_890823_MSD_The University of Melbourne

TOOLKIT

3

SIZES

5m 5m 5m

2.5m

MICRO 12.5 m2

SMALL 25 m2

USES

TIME

Coffee kiosk

Coffee shop

Fruit shop

Book shop

Flower shop

Barber shop

Bike repairs

Milk bar / Grocery

DAILY Occupation Sublease from a day or a week

MONTHLY Occupation Sublease from 1 until 6 month

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Gian Franco Valverde Espinoza

10m 10m

10m

5m

SMALL 50 m2

MEDIUM 100 m2

Restaurant Urban beach / Sport courts

Roof-top Bar / Co-working space

Childcare service / Community maker space Cloth shop/ Artist gallery

MONTHLY Occupation Sublease from 1 until 6 month

SEASONAL Occupation Sublease from seasonal events within a year

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ID_890823_MSD_The University of Melbourne

4

SCENARIO 1 NEGOTIATION OF COMMONS A 2

Lulic St.

C C

B

1

Railway

1

STAGE 1 FRAMEWORK

Urban Design Framework Proposal Pedestrian Link

Proposal Open space

New Pedestrian Gates Site Intervention

Site Conditions

1 Victoria Station (Metro) 2 Bus Stop

Buffer Zone (VicRoads)

A Victoria Park B FareShare Kitchen Garden

C Car parking

Scaffolding (module 5X5 m)

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Gian Franco Valverde Espinoza

SHORT-TERM INTERVENTION A

2

Lulic St.

B

1

Railway

1

STAGE 2 INFILL

Urban Design Framework

Temporary uses

Proposal Pedestrian Link

Subdivision & sub-lease

Site Intervention (Scaffolding) Services block (water management & toilets)

Adaptation (User)

Sport courts (Seasonal) Greening

Site Conditions

A Victoria Park B FareShare Kitchen Garden 1 Victoria Station (Metro) 2 Bus Stop

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ID_890823_MSD_The University of Melbourne

SCENARIO 1 NEGOTIATION OF COMMONS

This version sets up a pilot intervention to test community initiatives and businesses within time frames to determine which essential services and public facilities best work in the area.

Community-based design. A temporal scaffolding structure is filled by local adaptation initiatives of different size and uses.

Existing conditions. A view from Lulic St. to a current car parking within the buffer zone of the railway.

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Gian Franco Valverde Espinoza

SHORT-TERM INTERVENTION

This scenario helps council to collect, monitor and evaluate needed demands by residents and visitors to inform a future community strategy plan.

Neighbourhood extension. A community gateway that fills the gap of delivering an appropriate transport infrastructure and public amenities.

Existing conditions. A view from the tunnel to the car parking space. At the back, a view to the Victoria Park stadium.

14

ID_890823_MSD_The University of Melbourne

SCENARIO 2 CREATIVE COMMUNITY CLUSTER A

2

Lulic St.

C C

B

1

Railway

1

STAGE 1 FRAMEWORK

Urban Design Framework Proposal Pedestrian Link

Proposal Open space

New Pedestrian Gates Site Intervention

Site Conditions

1 Victoria Station (Metro) 2 Bus Stop

Buffer Zone (VicRoads)

A Victoria Park B FareShare Kitchen Garden

C Car parking

Scaffolding (module 5X5 m)

15

Gian Franco Valverde Espinoza

LONG-TERM INVESTMENT STRATEGY A

2

Lulic St.

B

1

Railway

1

STAGE 2 INFILL

Urban Design Framework

Temporary uses

Proposal Pedestrian Link

Micro sub-lease

Site Intervention (Scaffolding) Services block (water management & toilets)

Small-Medium sub-lease Adaptation (User)

Sport courts (Seasonal)

Site Conditions

A Victoria Park B FareShare Kitchen Garden 1 Victoria Station (Metro) 2 Bus Stop

Greening (Urban farming)

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ID_890823_MSD_The University of Melbourne

SCENARIO 2 CREATIVE COMMUNITY CLUSTER

This version consolidates a long-term intervention supported by local government funding scheme and aligned with the community strategy plan. This scenario proposes a “creative community cluster� that provides an affordable rent option to local businesses and services, young artists and designers, start-ups initiatives and a wider social benefit to residents.

Neighbourhood destination. An emerging agglomeration of local economies that brings a dense, mixed and vibrant urban place for visitors and residents within a walking and transit distance.

Existing conditions. A view from Lulic St. to a current car parking within the buffer zone of the railway.

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Gian Franco Valverde Espinoza

LONG-TERM INVESTMENT STRATEGY

This represents an opportunistic development model that brings a wise use of available state land to accommodate temporary and tactical interventions with bigger social benefits.

It also tailors a neighbourhood transit-oriented development to locate a denser, mixed and vibrant activity centre within a walkable proximity to existing public transport options.

Density character. It improves the living conditions of an under-utilize space and creates a self-organize character within the area. It offers key views and safer walk to the Victoria Park with active lanes and frontages.

Existing conditions. A view from the tunnel to the car parking space.At the back, a view to the Victoria Park stadium.

18

ID_890823_MSD_The University of Melbourne

CASE AND READINGS

5 Se

tba

ck

Fu

rni

sh in

g

VE SSI PA

E

AC TI V

1980

2010

Ch

ara

2011/2012

Pla

cte

yg

r

rou

Top

nd

og

rap

hy

Temporary/Tactical Urbanism 19

Gian Franco Valverde Espinoza Centre of Santiago, CHILE

PASEO Bandera

Before

Intervention

(Rigid crossing)

(extension)

Pedestrian street intervention

Site: Closed street due to Metro L3 construction area.

Time: 2017. Project will become a permanent pedestrian street.

Organizations: Top down approach.

Public life study 27 088 People per Day 96 % People Approval (adequate urban space) 20 % Increased sells (Local commerce and daily retails)

WHAT (forms) Surface Seats Plants

HOW (operations) Modify Paint

WHEN (cycles) Year Permanent

WHERE (context)

WHY (activity)

Roadway Sidewalk Car park

Relax Meet Drink Eat

Source (http://www.disenoarquitectura.cl/paseo-bandera-de-estudio-victoria/)

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ID_890823_MSD_The University of Melbourne

Miraflores Council, Lima. PERU

2013

2014

PARKLET

PM

AC TI

SIV

S PA

Site: Underutilize front car-parking of a Supermarket.

Time: December 2014 to December 2015. It become permanent.

Organization: Bottom up approach (Citizen Observatory Lima como vamos, Habitat Indoors, Avina Foundation & Miraflores Council)

E

VE

Pocket park intervention

Public data Study 47 550 Visits 200 People per day

AM

WHAT (forms) Surface Seats Plants

HOW (operations)

WHEN (cycles)

WHERE (context)

WHY (activity)

Modify Recycle

Year Permanent

Car park

Relax Meet Drink Eat

Source (https://ocupatucalle.org/)

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Gian Franco Valverde Espinoza Miraflores Council, Lima. PERU

2015

Future development

A Plaza instead of a Fence

Cycle

Setback intervention After

sh

ing

Sold

Se

tba

ck

Fu

rni

Site: An available setback of a purchased property before legal constructions begins.

Time: From 2015 to 2016. Until the start of work construction.

Organization: Bottom up approach. (Citizen Observatory Lima como vamos, Lateral & Miraflores Council) Benefit: New planning legislation to accommodate temporary intervention during building permit process.

WHAT (forms) Surface Seats Plants

HOW (operations) Modify Recycle

WHEN (cycles)

WHERE (context)

WHY (activity)

Year

Setback

Relax Meet Drink Eat

Source (http://www.nomena.net/#/en-vez-de-un-cerco-una-plaza/)

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ID_890823_MSD_The University of Melbourne

1980-2004 Abandoned

Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS

2005-present

NDSM Wharf

TEMPORARY building intervention Site: Underutilized shipbuilding warehouse of 85 000 m2.

Time: 10 years lease, then become a Permanent building mixed-use.

Expansion

Subdivision

Organization: Grow up business model (Self-organization & self-funding)

Benefit: Large collaborative community with range of skills and New planning legislation to accommodate building process.

Grow-up

WHAT (forms)

HOW (operations)

Enclosure Atmosphere

Add Modify

WHEN (cycles) Years

WHERE (context)

WHY (activity)

Vacant Building

Live Create Debate

Source (https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2017/11/17)

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Gian Franco Valverde Espinoza Municipality of Ringa, LETONIA

Silence! Riga Mock-up street section

Site: Riga’s Miera street contains car traffic and Tram system.

mock-up

Time: 1week intervention.

Organization: Private initiative- Fine Young Urbanists.

Debate & Test. Prioritise cyclist and pedestrian, and organize the existing transit flows.

WHAT (forms) Surface Seats Plants

HOW (operations) Modify

WHEN (cycles)

WHERE (context)

WHY (activity)

Day week

Roadway Sidewalk Carpark Interface

Relax Meet Drink Eat

Source (http://fineyoungurbanists.tumblr.com)

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ID_890823_MSD_The University of Melbourne

Municipality of Surquillo. Lima, PERU

GHOST Train Park Pop-up park

Site: Uncompleted elevated metropolitan railway.

Organization: Bottom-up by Citizen Observatory Lima como vamos, Basurama & Surquillo Council)

Time: 20 years infrastructure gap (1990-2010),1 month intervention caused Authorities to complete and deliver the railway. (2012) 1980

2010

Financial flow Climb

WHAT (forms)

HOW (operations)

Swing Seats

Attach Recycle

2011/2012

Hang Swing

WHEN (cycles) Month

WHERE (context)

WHY (activity)

Railway Nature strip

Relax Look Meet Protest Source (http://basurama.org))

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Gian Franco Valverde Espinoza

Stavanger, NORWAY

GEO-PARK

Re c y

Detached

Site: Vacant forecourt adjacent to the Oil Museum.

g

Adaptive & recycled materials (elements of petroleum installation and scraps)

Lear nin

Organization: Bottom up (Self-organization & self-funding)

process

Reused

Time: 1 year temporary intervention extended until 5 years. Ongoing discussion to become permanent.

Ch

ara

cte

Pla

r

yg

Top

rou

nd

og

WHAT (forms) Seats Surface

cli n

g

Pop-up park intervention

HOW (operations) Add Recycle

rap

hy

WHEN (cycles)

WHERE (context)

WHY (activity)

Year Permanent

Vacant lot Waterfront

Relax Look Meet Debate

Source (https://www.archdaily.com/635551/geopark-helen-and-hard)

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ID_890823_MSD_The University of Melbourne

New York´s City, E.E.U.U

SOFTwalkers

Pop-up park intervention/ Urban Hacking Site: Existing structures of scaffolds. (Sidewalk sheds) Time: From one day to a short-period intervention.

Organization: self-funding)

Business

model

(Self-organization

&

Incremental change: 189 miles of continuous scaffolding as an opportunity to social and economic change.

WHAT (forms) Seats Tables Plants

HOW (operations) Attach Recycle

WHEN (cycles)

WHERE (context)

WHY (activity)

Day Week

Scaffold Interface

Relax Eat Meet Drink Sell

Source (https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1335098906/softwalks-the-pilot-project)

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Gian Franco Valverde Espinoza Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL

2012-Opened

PULACERCA, Plaza de Tiradentes

Pop-up intervention/ Urban Hacking

Site: Existing boundary (fence) of a Public space.

Time: From one day to a short-period intervention. It opened up the park to public permanent use.

Organization: Bottom-Up (collective Oparavivrรก) Reclaiming public space. Desired connections are created by people in the actual configuration of the Plaza.

WHAT (forms)

HOW (operations)

Stair

Modify

Block

Access

WHEN (cycles)

WHERE (context)

WHY (activity)

Day Week

Interface Plaza

Protest Access

Source (https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1335098906/softwalks-the-pilot-project)

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ID_890823_MSD_The University of Melbourne

CITIES IN TIME

Book 1

Temporary Urbanism and the future of the city

by Ali Madanipour The book aims to develop a theoretical and critical analysis of temporary urbanism, to understand, analyst and problematize it. The author provides a philosophical concept of time, economic and technological processes of global change and social, and personal experience of life in the city. These concepts explore how time had been treated as an instrument, how it has been subject to the pressures of acceleration in process of globalization, and how transcendent is the outcome of these forces.

The chapter one explains the Instrumental TEMPORARYity by introducing the concept of Timekeeping. It’s manifested from the way to measure change and how time is embedded and expresses in the life of the city. For example, the market cycles held in the plaza of temple mayor Azteca, the mosque announcing prayer time facilitating orientation in urban spaces in Muslim town and the classic clock tower that goes beyond religions regulating life in town as place of trade and exchange.

Finally, the book refers them to concrete examples by validating the role of design as integral part of the process of TEMPORARY ordering and organizes explicit and implicit frameworks for human behaviour. In this point, is relevant to related with the book of Kevin Lynch, what times of this place and the image of the city, to understand time as change and the spatial component of design.

MAKE_SHIFT CITY

Book 2

Renegotiating the urban commons

by Francesca Fergurson

The book encourages the reader to challenge a preconceived belief about what is mean by the Urban commons and where or how it’s physically manifested. It enables concerns related to the acts of radical transformation and exhorts democratic rights within cities, as a fundamental debate on the collective shared values which expose the truth power of renegotiations of commons. Commonality as an integral process of urban renewal that opens up spaces of opportunities.

Key important messages are theoretically and physically explain through conversations and projects that suggest small acts of reinscribing urban spaces and policies as part of urban commons. Examples reflect a renegotiation practice between citizens and local government to reclaim left-over and vacant spaces as part of the spaces of commonality.

From empowering the commons, by a big public manifestation to stop demolition of a park in the center of Istanbul against the political blind-eye to approve a shopping Mall building in the site. Then, creating urban ecologies by spatial appropriation and redesign of industrial plots into public parks in Germany. Where emerges a relational aptitude with the place, as form of renegotiation.

Finally, this critical space practices described by the author, the journalist and activist Francesca Ferguson, suggest an alternative way to the traditional planning regulations, and evoke a sense of shared purpose named urban commons.

These acts are renegotiations in the form of interventions.

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Gian Franco Valverde Espinoza

Journal of Urban Design Affairs

PUSHING THE URBAN FRONTIERS

Journal 3

Temporary uses of space, city marketing, and the creative city discourse 2000s Berlin

by Claire Colomb

The chapter analyses the branding changes of the city of Berlin in 1990s with large-scale construction, iconic architecture of flagship development projects to symbolize Postunification era in contrast with the Berlin early 2000s characterize by the boost of creative , unplanned, multifaceted, and dynamic diversity of temporary uses of space. The cases exemplified the succeed in popularity of this alternative and local manifestation from the first Beach bar in 2002 the Strandbar Mitte, as ludic and leisure-oriented focus, to 60 beaches by 2010 in Berlin.

The author arises questions related to Identity at the national economic and political level where spaces for cultural innovation are a phenomenon of cities in crisis that is suffering from deindustrialization, low growth or shrinking. As an example , in 2010 Berlin-wide database found 550 vacant plots of 110 ha of buildable land described as dead, void or wasted. The article studies how and why those existing wastelands had been occupied by individuals, groups and entrepreneurs with temporary or interim uses, and its adoption in recent economic and urban development policies.

In fact, the reading focus on the gradual integration of temporary uses of spaces in the branding policy of Berlin as creative city Post-2000. Those TEMPORARY uses , Zwischennutzung, are characterized by inherent tensions between their temporary nature and potential search for perennity. It rises questions to the value of transformation into permanent uses.

Journal of Urban Design

Journal 4

TEMPORARY INTERVENTION AND LONG-TERM LEGACY Lessons from London case studies

by Krystallia Kamvasinou The paper analyses the downturn cycle of London during 2007-2012 where the model of business-as-usual has taken place for years and focus on the exploration of temporary led-community projects that emerged on vacant land in a long-term vision. The author introduces the concept of temporariness and its integration in long-term regeneration process. Temporariness as a shift attitude regarding vacant lands as space for opportunities during recession from planning and urban design approach to a humanistic-centre development.

It arises concerns about how can the discipline retrofit from developing public spaces that are in between community and development needs, and how much the dynamics of recession contributes to reframe the urban development as incremental , self-organized and collaborative process.

The cases presented propose beneficial contribution to urban design specially in the public realm. Such as the Skip Garden, a railway brownfield land converted into a community garden and young center, and the Cody Dock as a gasworks dock area transformed in a working marina underserved boating community and hub for arts. Both cases succeed in demonstrate that Long-term vision is a major trigger factor to engage community with temporary projects from hands on site activities to management and lobbying. In sum, Temporary urbanism validated as method for adaptable and incremental urban design.

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Gian Franco Valverde Espinoza Graduate Urban Designer M: 0450713733 E: gfve91@gmail.com

WELCOME TO THE NEIGHBOURHOOD

Professor Kim Dovey Matthjis W. L. Van Oostrum

Melbourne of School of Design The University of Melbourne