Test bank for organization development the process of leading organizational change 5th edition dona

Test Bank for Organization Development The Process of Leading Organizational Change, 5th Edi

Test Bank for Organization Development The Process of Leading Organizational Change, 5th Edition Donald L. Anderson To download the complete and accurate content document, go to: https://testbankbell.com/download/test-bank-for-organization-development-the-proces s-of-leading-organizational-change-5th-edition-donald-l-anderson/

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Anderson, Organization Development 5e SAGE Publishing, 2020

Test Bank CHAPTER 7: DATA GATHERING Multiple Choice 1. ______ is an intervention in itself, because it completes the picture of the organization and expands the knowledge for both the client and practitioner. a. Contracting b. Data gathering c. Diagnosis d. Feedback Ans: B Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Data Gathering Process Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Integrating knowledge across fields 2. In data gathering, despite various warnings, unfortunately, ______ often trumps accurate data and careful diagnosis. a. speed b. consistency c. bias d. diligence Ans: A Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: The Importance of Data Gathering Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Making sound decisions 3. ______ are those initial explanations of the situation that highlight symptoms of which the client is most painfully aware. a. Presenting problems b. Underlying problems c. Interventions d. Data gathering methods Ans: A Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Presenting Problems and Underlying Problems Difficulty Level: Easy AACSB Standard: Analytical thinking 4. ______ are described as the root cause or core, fundamental issues that are producing symptoms within the organization. a. Presenting problems b. Underlying problems

Anderson, Organization Development 5e SAGE Publishing, 2020 c. Interventions d. Data gathering methods Ans: B Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Presenting Problems and Underlying Problems Difficulty Level: Easy AACSB Standard: Analytical thinking 5. Which step in the data gathering process discusses the client or another representative explaining to organizational members what data are being gathered, by whom, using what methods, and for what purposes? a. determine approach to be used b. announce project c. prepare for data collection d. collect data Ans: B Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Data Gathering Process Difficulty Level: Easy AACSB Standard: Systems and processes in organizations 6. Data gathering through ______ relies heavily on cooperation from organizational members who will only open up to discuss serious issues if they trust the individual asking questions. a. interviews b. focus groups c. surveys d. unobtrusive measures Ans: A Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Interviews Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Analytical thinking 7. Most OD interviews are ______, with an interview guide containing a general list of open-ended questions addressing the major topics of the interview. a. formal b. structured c. semistructured d. unstructured Ans: C Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Interviews Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Analytical thinking

Anderson, Organization Development 5e SAGE Publishing, 2020 8. A practitioner can be more confident that enough people have been chosen when interviews begin to gather ______. a. new information b. relevant information c. repetitive information d. impractical information Ans: C Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Interviews Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Reflective thinking 9. When scheduling interviews regarding interpersonally sensitive topics, contact is best done ______. a. in person or phone b. by e-mail c. via electronic poll d. via text message Ans: A Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Interviews Difficulty Level: Easy AACSB Standard: Written and oral communication 10. What type of environment is best for interviews? a. general public b. in a frequently visited location c. private location free from distraction d. within the workplace where colleagues can overhear Ans: C Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Interviews Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Analytical thinking 11. Information is ______ if no one other than the consultant will know what was said in the interview. a. anonymous b. confidential c. shared d. identifiable Ans: B Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Interviews Difficulty Level: Easy AACSB Standard: Social responsibility

Anderson, Organization Development 5e SAGE Publishing, 2020 12. ______ are usually a small number of organizational members who are facilitated by a consultant who pose questions and then allow for group discussion. a. Interviews b. Focus groups c. Observations d. Unobtrusive measures Ans: B Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Focus Groups Difficulty Level: Easy AACSB Standard: Group and individual behaviors 13. Avoiding ______ can be a challenge as part of focus groups because some participants may be reluctant to offer a different view, especially if members have a close relationship outside of the focus group. a. mindshift b. bias c. assimilation d. groupthink Ans: D Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Focus Groups Difficulty Level: Hard AACSB Standard: Group and individual behaviors 14. When selecting participants for focus groups, there is an advantage to utilizing ______ groups; these employees may share a similar background because they have something in common. a. heterogeneous b. homogeneous c. random d. purposeful Ans: B Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Focus Groups Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge 15. Historically speaking in OD, ______ have been one of the most commonly used methods of data gathering. a. interviews b. focus groups c. surveys/questionnaires d. observations

Anderson, Organization Development 5e SAGE Publishing, 2020 Ans: C Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Surveys/Questionnaires Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Statistics/quantitative methods 16. The benefit to ______ is you can collect data from a large group of participants at one time. a. interviews b. unobtrusive measures c. observations d. surveys/questionnaires Ans: D Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Surveys/Questionnaires Difficulty Level: Easy AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge 17. Most surveys use a combination of fixed-response and ______ questions. a. closed-ended b. open-ended c. essay d. ranking Ans: B Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Surveys/questionnaires Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Statistics/quantitative methods 18. Given the nature of a global environment, which of the following is necessary when development surveys/questionnaires? a. translate or localize questions b. indicate a bias toward particular groups/regions c. ask questions that can be answered multiple ways d. do not define terms Ans: A Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Tips for Successful Administration of Surveys Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Diverse and multicultural work environments 19. Which of the following methods of data gathering allows the consultant to collect data on actual behavior rather than reports of people’s behavior? a. interviews b. focus groups c. surveys/questionnaires

Anderson, Organization Development 5e SAGE Publishing, 2020 d. observations Ans: D Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Observations Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge 20. Self-report data are always a reflection of past events, whereas ______ collects data on what is happening in the present. a. interviews b. focus groups c. surveys/questionnaires d. observation Ans: D Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Observations Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Making sound decisions 21. Observations are likely to alter the circumstances and potentially change the behavior of those being observed, often referred to as ______. a. groupthink b. the Hawthorne Effect c. Small Group Polarization d. the Placebo Effect Ans: B Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Observations Difficulty Level: Hard AACSB Standard: Making sound decisions 22. Data gathering through the use of ______ is when data are generally readily available because they are produced during the ordinary course of organizational activity. a. interviews b. surveys/questionnaires c. observations d. unobtrusive measures Ans: D Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Unobtrusive Measures Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge 23. Which type of unobtrusive measure could include articles in local newspapers, employee newsletters, or other forms of artifacts?

Anderson, Organization Development 5e SAGE Publishing, 2020 a. historical data b. official documents c. databases d. online environment Ans: A Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Unobtrusive Measures Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Reflective thinking 24. Job descriptions, personnel files, or meeting minutes are examples of which of the following unobtrusive measure? a. historical data b. official documents c. databases d. online environment Ans: B Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Unobtrusive Measures Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Reflective thinking 25. Social media sites, wikis, and review sites are examples of which of the following unobtrusive measure? a. historical data b. official documents c. online environment d. physical environment Ans: C Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Unobtrusive Measures Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Information technology 26. Architecture, signage, and design of work areas are examples of which of the following unobtrusive measure? a. historical data b. databases c. official documents d. physical environment Ans: D Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Unobtrusive Measures Difficulty Level: Easy AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge

Anderson, Organization Development 5e SAGE Publishing, 2020 27. The potential expense, time and data intensity, only providing one perspective, and time-consuming analysis are all disadvantages of which of the following data gathering methods? a. interviews b. focus groups c. surveys/questionnaires d. unobtrusive measures Ans: A Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Creating a Data Gathering Strategy and Proposing an Approach Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Analytical thinking 28. Typically takes a short amount of time and allows a broad range of topics to be addressed are two advantages of which of the following data gathering methods? a. interviews b. focus groups c. surveys/questionnaires d. unobtrusive measures Ans: C Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Creating a Data Gathering Strategy and Proposing an Approach Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Statistics/quantitative methods 29. High validity and can provide triangulation are two advantages of which of the following data gathering methods? a. focus groups b. surveys/questionnaires c. observations d. unobtrusive measures Ans: D Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Creating a Data Gathering Strategy and Proposing an Approach Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge 30. Which of the following criteria, when selecting a data gathering method, relates to potential cost in terms of money and time? a. investment required b. access c. relevance to problem

Anderson, Organization Development 5e SAGE Publishing, 2020 d. accuracy Ans: A Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Creating a Data Gathering Strategy and Proposing an Approach Difficulty Level: Easy AACSB Standard: Making sound decisions 31. Which of the following criteria, when selecting a data gathering method, discusses prone to bias? a. access b. relevance to the problem c. accuracy d. flexibility Ans: C Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Creating a Data Gathering Strategy and Proposing an Approach Difficulty Level: Hard AACSB Standard: Ethical understanding and reasoning 32. Difficulty in following up in depth on a single issue and the potential for a low response rate are two disadvantages to which data gathering method? a. interviews b. unobtrusive measures c. focus groups d. surveys/questionnaires Ans: D Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Creating a Data Gathering Strategy and Proposing an Approach Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Statistics/quantitative methods 33. For example, a survey cannot be altered in design once it has been administered, which relates to which criteria when selecting data gathering methods? a. access b. flexibility c. investment required d. relevance to the problem Ans: B Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Creating a Data Gathering Strategy and Proposing an Approach Difficulty Level: Medium

Anderson, Organization Development 5e SAGE Publishing, 2020 AACSB Standard: Making sound decisions 34. When a practitioner discloses who made a particular comment during an interview even after pledging to the respondent that comments would remain anonymous is an example of which ethical issue? a. collusion b. misuse of data c. informed consent d. data protection Ans: B Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Ethical Issues With Data Gathering Difficulty Level: Hard AACSB Standard: Ethical understanding and reasoning 35. Secure locations, using pseudonyms, and destroying audio/video after transcription are examples of items to consider under which ethical issue? a. collusion b. misuse of data c. informed consent d. data protection Ans: D Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Ethical Issues with Data Gathering Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Ethical understanding and reasoning 36. Architecture, break room area, and uniforms are all examples of which of the following unobtrusive measures? a. historical data b. online environment c. formal physical environment d. personal physical environment Ans: C Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Unobtrusive Measures Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge 37. Employee bulletin boards and desk decorations are examples of which of the following unobtrusive measures? a. official documents b. historical data c. formal physical environment d. personal physical environment Ans: D

Anderson, Organization Development 5e SAGE Publishing, 2020 Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Unobtrusive Measures Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge 38. A few members dominating the discussion is a critical disadvantage of which data gathering method? a. interviews b. focus groups c. observations d. unobtrusive measures Ans: B Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Creating a Data Gathering Strategy and Proposing an Approach Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Analytical thinking 39. Potential for little preparation and the opportunity to be “in the moment” are advantages to which data gathering method? a. interviews b. focus groups c. surveys/questionnaires d. observations Ans: D Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Creating a Data Gathering Strategy and Proposing an Approach Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Analytical thinking 40. According to Argyris, ______ information is necessary for the client to learn and for the interventionist to help. a. useful b. specific c. valid d. detailed Ans: C Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Importance of Data Gathering Difficulty Level: Hard AACSB Standard: Written and oral communication

True/False

Anderson, Organization Development 5e SAGE Publishing, 2020 1. Interventions designed to address presenting problems but that do not address underlying problems are likely to still produce long-term results.

Ans: F Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Presenting Problems and Underlying Problems Difficulty Level: Hard AACSB Standard: Reflective thinking 2. Without greater detail and multiple perspectives regarding the nature and extent of the problem, the chosen interventions may target the wrong areas.

Ans: T Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Presenting Problems and Underlying Problems Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Making sound decisions 3. Interviews are probably the most common method of data collection in OD. Ans: T Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Interviews Difficulty Level: Easy AACSB Standard: Application of knowledge 4. Focus groups are typically deemed appropriate for very sensitive issues.

Ans: F Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Focus Groups Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Ethical understanding and reasoning 5. When conducting focus groups, a process is utilized that is very similar to interviewing.

Ans: T Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Focus Groups Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Reflective thinking 6. An organizational survey that appears to promise change will only deepen or increase cynicism among members if nothing is done with the results.

Ans: T Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Surveys/Questionnaires Difficulty Level: Hard AACSB Standard: Analytical thinking

Anderson, Organization Development 5e SAGE Publishing, 2020 7. Having a background in statistical analysis is not useful when working with surveys/questionnaires.

Ans: F Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Surveys/questionnaires Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Statistics/quantitative methods 8. Observations are extremely useful for studying unusual problems or infrequent interactions.

Ans: F Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Observations Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Analytical thinking 9. Organizational policies that restrict use of personnel files is an example of an access criterion when selecting data gathering methods.

Ans: T Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Creating a Data Gathering Strategy and Proposing an Approach Difficulty Level: Easy AACSB Standard: Analytical thinking 10. OD practitioners should treat their own research practices and research practices with an organization differently with regard to informed consent.

Ans: F Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Ethical Issues With Data Gathering Difficulty Level: Hard AACSB Standard: Ethical understanding and reasoning

Essay 1. What are three reasons that data gathering should be taken seriously?

Ans: Responses may vary, however, these items would be appropriate starting points: (1) good data collection generates information about organizational functioning, effectiveness, and health; (2) data collection can be a force that can spark interest in change; (3) practitioners who do data collection well can continue fostering the relationship among all involved.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: The Importance of Data Gathering Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Making sound decisions

Test Bank for Organization Development The Process of Leading Organizational Change, 5th Edi

Anderson, Organization Development 5e SAGE Publishing, 2020 2. Outline the five-step approach to the data gathering process.

Ans: Details regarding the following steps should be discussed: (1) determine approach to be used; (2) announce project; (3) prepare for data collection; (4) collect data; and (5) do data analysis and presentation.

Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Data Gathering Process Difficulty Level: Medium AACSB Standard: Integrating knowledge across fields 3. Discuss data gathering methods, including pros and cons of each.

Ans: Responses may vary, but the methods to be discussed should include interviews, focus groups, surveys/questionnaires, observations, unobtrusive measures.

Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Data Gathering Methods Difficulty Level: Hard AACSB Standard: Analytical thinking 4. Discuss the criteria to be considered when choosing a data gathering strategy.

Ans: Responses may vary, but key items to be included are (1) investment required; (2) access; (3) relevance to the problem; (4) accuracy, and (5) flexibility.

Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Creating a Data Gathering Strategy and Proposing an Approach Difficulty Level: Hard AACSB Standard: Making sound decisions 5. Identify ethical issues that are present with data gathering.

Ans: Responses may vary, but key information should include the misuse of data, the notion of informed consent, data protection, and who benefits (should be the client, not the practitioner).

Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Ethical Issues with Data Gathering Difficulty Level: Hard AACSB Standard: Ethical understanding and reasoning

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