15 février 2019
An Abstract in English of : HISTOIRE DE LA RECHERCHE AGRICOLE EN AFRIQUE TROPICALE FRANCOPHONE : A HISTORY OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN FRANCOPHONE TROPICAL AFRICA by René Tourte, tropical agronomist, responsible for the FAO study
SCOPE AND GOALS OF THE PUBLICATION FORWARD (2005 edition, Volume I) Africa is the birthplace of man and undoubtedly also one of the first breeding grounds for human agriculture, pastoralism and forestry. In Africa today we can still find a broad range of traditional production systems that attest to the diversity of farming techniques in prehistoric times that have traversed through time and space to take their current forms. The outlook for food security on this continent today remains tenuous over the short and medium term for the majority of its populations. In the second half of the 20th century Africa never managed to capitalize on its rich heritage of agricultural techniques to raise production or the productivity of its agriculture systems to the level necessary for feeding its inhabitants. This has not always been the case. A History of Agricultural Research in Francophone Tropical Africa recounts the long journey traveled by this heritage through the millennia. It traces the rise of technology, from its “obscure and silent” beginnings toward the organized scientific research of the late 19th century, which had one enduring purpose in mind: satisfying the food requirements and economic, social and cultural needs of human beings. René Tourte is a great agronomist, friend and historian (even if he denies so with humility and modesty). He enables us to draw two essential lessons from this long journey through time. Firstly, that the African agricultural heritage, like that of other continents, is an inextricable mix of technologies encompassing both endogenous and exogenous origins, giving weight to the notion that no agrarian system is static, whether ‘traditional’ or not, and that all agriculture follows an evolutionary dynamic resulting in multiple legacies. Secondly, that the current weakness of agricultural research in the tropical regions of the continent was never predestined. In the 1950s, this part of the world was home to several centers of excellence for global agricultural research. This was due to the priorities accorded to research by French politicians within the prevailing economic development strategy for overseas territories, even if the African hosts were not always the main beneficiaries.
1