Navalar special issue (hindu oli teepam 17 suder 7)

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1

ehty® khehL áw¥ãjœ

gk;gyg;gpl;b ru];tjp kz;lgj;jpy; 30.03.2013 md;W ele;j rf;jp ,y;y tpLjp khzth;fspd; iftpidg;nghUl; fz;fhl;rp

gpujk tpUe;jpdiu khkd;wj; jiyth; jpU. fe;ijah ePyfz;ld; tuNtw;fpd;whh;.

gpujk tpUe;jpdh; jpU. Rdpy; Mr;rha (,uh[ je;jpu MNyhrfh;> ,e;jpa cah; ];jhdpfhuhyak;) ciuahw;Wfpwhh;

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gpujk tpUe;jpdh; jpU. Rdpy; Mr;rhait khkd;w mwq;fhtyh; rigj; jiyth; jpU. tp. ifyhrgps;is nfsutpf;fpd;whh;. mUfpy; tpLjpf;FOj; jiytp jpUkjp mgpuhkp ifyhrg;gps;is

jpUkjp re;jpah Mr;rha> Mrphpia mNdhkh ue;jyTf;F md;gspg;G toq;Ffpwhh;.

nrQ;nrhw;nry;th; fyhepjp MW. jpUKUfd; ciuahw;Wfpwhh;

2 khztpfs; tpLjp khzt

ehty® khehL áw¥ãjœ

c átka«

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ehty® khehL áw¥ãjœ fh®¤âif¤ â§fŸ 21M« ehŸ (07.12.2013)

ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ

gŠr òuhz§fŸ

,Uisg; Nghf;Ftjw;Fj; Njhd;wpa QhapW

âU¢á‰w«gy«

njthu«

Nfhapy;fspy; kzpNahir Nfl;fpwJ. jpUePw;Wg; nghypNthL gyh; fhiyg;nghOjpy; fhl;rpaspf;fpwhh;fs;> ghlrhiyfs; NjhWk; fhiyg; gpuhh;j;jidf; $l;lj;jpy; Njthuk; xypf;fpwJ. ,t;Tyf tho;it epiwTnra;jtiu RLfhLtiu jpUthrfk; ghbatz;zkhf mioj;Jr; nry;fpwhh;fs;. <oj;J irtg; ghuk;ghpak; fly;jhz;b> Njrk; jhz;b> fz;lk; jhz;b cynfq;Fk; gue;Jtpl;lJ. ,it midj;Js;Sk; xU Mj;kh cyhTfpd;wJ. me;j Mj;kh kz;zpy; Njhd;wpapUf;fhtpl;lhy; <oj;jth;fspd; tho;T Mq;fpykakhfpapUf;Fk;. gs;spj;jyq;fspy; jpUKiw xypf;fhJ> vkJ gz;ghL Kw;whfNt Nkiyj;NjakhfpapUf;Fk;. MWKfehtyh; vd;w [Pthj;kh <oj;J irth;fspd; gukhj;kh vd;why; kpifahfhJ. Nghh;j;Jf;NfauhYk; xy;yhe;juhYk; <oj;J irt cyfk; nghyptpoe;jJ. gQ;r <];tuq;fs; ghwptpOe;jd. kpd;dy; Ntfj;jpy; kp\dhp ghuk;gupaj;ij gwpj;njLg;gjw;F tiy tphpj;jJ. gl;lq;fs;> gjtpfs; ngWtjw;fhf gyh; Qhd];ehdk; ngw;W kjk; khwpdh;. nrhe;jg; ngaiuAk; khw;wpdh;. ,j; Jd;g ,Uisg; Nghf;Ftjw;F <oj;jpUehl;bd; ey;Y}h; kz;zpy; vOe;jJ xU QhapW. MWKfk; vd;w me;j QhapW ,Uisg; Nghf;Ftjw;F ,Wjptiu ghLgl;lJ| ,jaG+h;tkhf cioj;jJ. mh;g;gzpg;NghL my;Yk; gfYk; metujKk; irtj; jkpo; kf;fSf;fhf cUfpaJ. rptg+kpahfpa <okz;iz jpl;lkpl;L khw;w te;jth;fSf;F gjpy; nrhy;y xU ,isQd; Jzpe;jhd;. 'ahkhh;f;Fk; Fbay;Nyhk; ekid mQ;Nrhk; eufj;jpy; ,lg;gNlhk;" vd;w jpUKiw thh;j;ijNghy; MWKfk; vd;w me;j mw;Gj ,isQdpd; JzpT ,Ue;jJ. Mq;fpNya Ml;rpahsh;fSk; kp\dhpkhUk; me;j ,isQdpd; nraw;ghLfis KisapNyNa fps;s Kad;Wk; Njhy;tpAw;wdh;. kp\dhp toq;fpa Mrphpa gjtpiaj; Jwe;J nrhe;jg; ghlrhiyia cUthf;fp> 'Ch; NjhWk; irtg; ghlrhiyfis njhlq;Fq;fs;" vd kf;fsplk; cuf;f ciuj;J ntw;wpfz;lth; tpOe;JNghtNuh! ,d;W ehk; jhprpf;Fk; gs;spj;jyq;fs; gy E}W cUthf ,t;tpisQNd tpj;jpl;lhd;. Guhz ,jpfhr jj;Jt

%tnud ,Utnud Kf;fz;Zil %h;j;jp khtpd;fdp J}q;Fk;nghopy; khNjhl;led; dfhpw; ghttpid aWg;ghh;gapy; ghyhtpapd; fiuNky; Njtndid ahs;thd;jpUf; NfjPr;ruj; jhNd

âUthrf«

ghbuhL É©zhŒ guªjbt« gund

g‰Weh‹ k‰¿ny‹ f©lhŒ ÓbuhL bghÈthŒ átòu¤ junr

âU¥bgUª Jiwíiw átnd ahbuhL nehnfdh®¡ bfL¤ Jiu¡nf‹

M©lÚ aUËiy ahdhš th®fl Yy»š thœ»ny‹ f©lhŒ

tUf bt‹wUŸ òÇthna!

âUÉir¥gh

Vf ehafid ïikat®¡F muir

v‹DÆ®¡(F) mKâid vâÇš nghfehafid¥ òaš tz‰(F) mUË¥

bgh‹bdLŠ áÉifah ñ®ªj nkfehafid ÄFâU åÊ

ÄHiy É©ÂÊ brG§nfhÆš nahf ehafid a‹¿k‰ bwh‹W«

c©bld cz®»ny‹ ahnd!

âU¥gšyh©L

Ä©L kd¤j® nghÄ‹fŸ;

bkŒaoah®fŸ ÉiuªJ t«Ä‹! bfh©L§ bfhL¤J§ Fo Fo

<r‰fh£ brŒÄ‹ FHh«òFªJ m©l§ flªj bghUŸ ms Éynjh®

Mdªj btŸs¥ bghUŸ g©L ï‹W« v‹W« cŸs bghUŸ

v‹nw gšyh©L TWJnk.

âU¥òuhz« nrwpjU Kaph;njhWe; jpfo;e;J kd;dpa KWtW khdpl kugpd; NktpNa mWtif newpfSk; gpwT khfpa ,wtpjd; kyub apwQ;rp Vj;Jthk;! âU¢á‰w«gy« ïªJ xË

1

ehty® khehL áw¥ãjœ

E}y;fs; caph; ngWtjw;F ,uT gfyhf ,e;j ,isQd; nra;j Kaw;rp vy;iyaw;wJ. ,utputhf ,Yg;ngz;nza; tpsf;fpd; xspapy;> Vl;by; ,Ue;jtw;iw mr;R thfdj;jpy; Vw;wp me;E}y;fSf;F rhfhtuk; nfhLj;j ,r;rhd;Nwhid ahh; kwg;gh;? ,e;jpaj; jpUehl;bYs;s xg;gw;w MjPdq;fs; ,tuJ Gyikfz;L gy;yf;F Rke;J gl;lk; R+l;bdh;| fthp tPrpdh;> ,tuJ GyikkPJ fhjy; nfhz;ldh;> MjPd Gutyuhf mq;NfNa thrk; nra;a mioj;jdh;. 'gpwe;j kz;zpy; GFe;jpUf;Fk; Mgj;ij tpul;LtNj vdf;F Ntiy" vdf;$wp tpUJfisj; jhz;b tpilngw;Wte;j ,t;tpj;jfDf;F epfuhf ahUk; ,y;iy. nra;As; eilapy; ,Ue;j ,yf;fpaq;fs; nraypoe;J Nghfhky; nrhy;eilahy; tho;TnfhLj;J 'trdeil ifte;j ty;yhsh;" vd itafk; Nghw;Wk; NgW ngw;whh;. gphpj;jhdpahtpd; Ml;rpapy; tlkhepy mur mjpgjpahf tpsq;fpa Jitdk; mth;fSf;F Kd;dhy; nrd;W 'gQ;rj;jhy; thLk; ViofSf;F vd;d gjpy; nrhy;tPh;?” vd mth; nkhopapNyNa mr;rkpd;wp ciuj;j Mw;wyhsdpd; rpwg;ig> gpd;dhspy; me;j Jitdk; gpuGNt nkr;rpa thh;j;ijia midtUk; mwpth;. vk; kz;zpy; Md;kPfk;> gz;ghL> ghuk;gupak; epiyg;gjw;fhf cioj;j ehtyh; ngUkhd; vd;Wk; jdpg;ngUe; nja;tk;. ,th; jlk;gjpf;fhj tplaq;fs; vJTk; ,y;iy. ,yq;if murpaypy; rl;lrigapNy mq;fk; tfpg;gth; mwptpy; ty;ytuhfTk;> Md;kPfk; epiwe;jtuhfTk;> neQ;rpy; cuKilatuhfTk;> Neh;ikj; jpwDilatuhfTk;> J}u Nehf;FilatuhfTk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf Nrh; nghd;. ,uhkehjid murpay; ghijapy; Mw;Wg;gLj;jpatUk; ehtyNu. ehtyh; ngUkhdpd; ,yl;rpaq;fs; Njhw;Wg; Nghftpy;iy. rkak; ntd;wJ> nre;jkpo; nkhopeil ntd;wJ> fy;tpr;rhiyfs; gytha; ngUfp ntd;wd. xd;Nwnahd;W ,d;Dk; nty;y Kbatpy;iy. jkpoh;fs; jk; murpay; gpioj;jJ. murpay;thjpfis Mw;Wg;gLj;j ehtyiug;Nghy; xU fhtyh; ek;kpilNa ,y;iy. ehtyhpd; vz;zk;Nghy; jpirnay;yhk; irtf; Nfhapy;fs; vOe;jd. ehL KOtJk; irtg; ghlrhiyfs; vOe;jd. kpUfgyp nfhLj;j Nfhapy;fs; vy;yhk; ,uh[NfhGuq;fs;> ,ujq;fisf; fz;ld. vz;zpwe;j rka E}y;fs; vOe;jd. gz;bjh;fs;> Gyth;fs;> ghtyh;fs;> tpj;Jthd;fs; Njhw;wk; ngw;wdh;. irt Mrphpa fyhrhiyfs; caph;j;jd. mit ahtw;Wf;Fk; %yfhuzh; ehtyNu. murpaypYk; vq;Nfh xUehs; ehk; nty;Nthk;. md;W MWKfk; MdnghUspd; MokwpNthk;. ey;iyefh; ehtyNu> ck;ikg;Nghy; xUth; cz;Nlh vkf;F? epd; jpUtbia epidj;J tzq;FfpNwhk;! ck;ikg;Nghy; Raeyk; fUjhj> Rj;jkhd Nritahsd; cUthfl;Lk;! mth;fspd; tUiff;fhf fhj;jpUf;fpNwhk;!

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thœ¤J

jtkhL ntŸÉ thœf jhdK kwK« thœf átdU nsh§» nkyh« átbe¿ brʤJ thœf ghtK« gÊí« åœªJ gudUŸ j‹dh by‹W« irtK« jÄG« thœf juÂÆYŸnsh UŒa!

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m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w ehty® áw¥ãjœ É#a tUl« fh®¤âif â§fŸ M« 21M« ehŸ

07.12.2013

MáÇa® FG : âU. fªijah Úyf©l‹ irtPhdghD fyhÃâ MW. âUKUf‹ fyhÃâ K¤ijah fâ®fhkehj‹ át$ k. ghyifyhrehj r®kh âU. j. kndhfu‹ âU. m. fdfNÇa® xU ãuâÆ‹¬ Éiy %gh 50.00 tUlhªj¢ rªjh (cŸehL) %gh 300.00

(jgh‰ bryî jÅ) tUlhªj¢ rªjh (btËehL) US blhy® 15

m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w« A.C. H. C. f£ol«

91/5, nr® á‰w«gy« V. fh®od® kht¤ij, bfhG«ò - 2, ïy§if. ahœ gÂkid : 211/17, nfhÉš åâ, ešÿ®, ahœ¥ghz«. ïiza¤js« Ä‹dŠrš bjhiyngá

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ïªJ xËÆš btËÆl¥g£LŸs f£LiufËš bjÇÉ¡f¥g£LŸs fU¤J¡fŸ M¡»nah‹fSilanj.

hindu oli

Special Issue of Navalar all ceylon hindu congress 07.12.2013 Editorial Board:

Mr. Kandiah Neelakandan

Dr. Aru. Thirumurugan

Dr. Muthiah Kathirgamanathan

Sivasri M. Balakailasanatha Sarma

Mr. D. Manoharan

Mr. A. Kanagasooriar

Price : Rs. 50.00 Annual Subscription (Inland) Rs. 300.00

(Excluding Postage) Annual Subscription (Foreign) U. S. $ 15

(Including Postage)

all ceylon hindu congress A.C.H.C. Bldg.

91/5, Sir Chittampalam A. Gardiner Mawatha Colombo - 2, Sri Lanka.

Jaffna Office : 211/17, Temple Road, Nallur, Jaffna.

Website : http://www.hinducongress.lk E-Mail : hinducongress@gmail.com Telephone No.: 011 2434990, Fax No.: 011 2344720

Views expressed in the articles in Hindu Oli are those of the contributors.

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ehty® khehL áw¥ãjœ

$y$ MWKf ehty® khehL áw¥ãjœ m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹wK« $y$ MWKf ehty® rigí« ïizªJ âU¡nfÔÞtu¤âš el¤J« ehty® khehL ÉHhitbah£o, khk‹w¤â‹ M‹Ûf ïjHhf ‘ïªJ xË’ Énrl btËplhf ky®ªJŸsJ. jÄœTW« ešYyf« ngh‰W« irtbkhL jÄœ ts®¤J¥ bgU«gÂah‰¿a ehty® bgUkhD¡F fh¡ifahf ‘ïªJ xË’ áw¥ãjiH rk®¥gz« brŒtâš khk‹w« bgUk»œ¢áail»wJ.

ehtyÇ‹ thœ¡if tuyh‰W¢ RU¡f« $y$ MWKfehty® á¤âughD

tUl« kh®fÊ khj« 5M« ehŸ (18.12.1822) bga® g. fªj¥ãŸis, jhah® bga®

òj‹»Hik ãwªjh®. jªijah® átfhÄah®. ït® IªjhtJ taâš ešÿ® R¥ãukÂa cgh¤âahaÇlK« ešÿ® ntyhíj KjÈahÇlK« Mu«g¡ fšÉia¡ f‰wh®. 1834M« M©L Mt khj¤âš ahœ. btÞÈa‹ Äõ‹ fšÿÇÆš (ã‹d® k¤âa fšÿÇ vd miH¡f¥g£lJ) M§»y¡ fšÉ f‰f¤ bjhl§»dh®. mnjntisÆš ïUghiy be. nrdhâuha KjÈah®, ešÿ® k. rutzK¤J¥ òyt® M»nahÇl« jÄœ f‰wh®. 1841M« M©oš ahœ. btÞÈa‹ Äõ‹ fšÿÇÆš jÄœ, M§»y MáÇauhf Ãakd« bg‰wh®. ehty® 1847 kh®fÊ khj¤âš t©iz it¤ÔRtu‹ nfhÆš trªj k©lg¤âny rka¢ brh‰bghÊî brŒa Mu«ã¤jh®. mtuJ ntjhfk bkhÊbga®¥ig x¥òÉ¥gj‰fhf ng®átš ghâÇahUl‹ 1848M« M©L KjyhtJ ïªâa¥ ãuahz¤ij nk‰bfh©lh®. mnj M©L Mt khj¤âš ahœ. t©zh®g©izÆš irt¥ãufhr ɤâahrhiyia Þjhã¤jh®. 1848 òu£lhâ khj¤âš btÞÈa‹ Äõ‹ fšÿÇÆ‹ MáÇa® gjÉÆÈUªJ Éy»¡ bfh©lh®.

1849M« M©L Mo khj« m¢áaªâu« th§Ftj‰fhf ïu©lhtJ ïªâa¥ ãuahz¤ij nk‰bfh©lh®. mªjntisÆšjh‹ âUthtLJiw MÔd« mtU¡F “ehty®” v‹w g£l¤ij tH§»¡ bfsuɤjJ. 1854M« M©L I¥gá khj¤âš _‹whtJ ïªâa¥ ãuahz¤ij nk‰bfh©lh®. bjhl®ªJ 1858M« M©L MÅ khj¤âš eh‹fhtJ ïªâa¥ ãuahz¤ij nk‰bfh©lh®. m¥nghJ br‹idÆš ɤâahEghyd m¢áaªâurhiyia Þjhã¤jh®. br‹idÆš j§»ÆUªj fhy¤âš, áj«gu¤âš irt¥ãufhr ɤâahrhiyia ÃWîtj‰fhd xU nt©Lnfhis ÉL¤âUªjh®. 1862 g§FÅ khj« ahœ¥ghz« âU«ãa MWKfehty®, mnj M©L itfhá, Mo khj§fËš t©iz irt ɤâah rhiyÆY« gU¤â¤Jiw á¤â Éehaf® nfhÆÈY«, áj«gu¤âš irt ɤâahrhiy ÃWîtj‰fhf irt m‹g®fË‹ cjÉia¥ bg‰W¡ bfhŸS« tifÆš rka¢ brh‰bghÊîfis Ãfœ¤âdh®. irt m‹g®fËlÄUªJ ÃâíjÉfŸ »il¤jd.

1864M« M©L ij khj¤âš IªjhtJ ïªâa¥ ãuahz¤ij nk‰bfh©lh®. mnj M©L I¥gá khj¤âš áj«gu¤âš irt ɤâahrhiyia Þjhã¤jh®. MW tUl fhy¤â‹ ã‹, 1870 khá khj« ahœ¥ghz« âU«ãdh®. 1872M« M©oš ahœ. t©zh®g©izÆš irt M§»y ɤâahrhiyiaí«, nfh¥ghŒ ònyhÈ M»a ïl§fËš irt¥ãufhr ɤâahrhiyiaí« ÃWÉdh®.

MWKfehtyÇ‹ rka, r_f fšÉ¥ gÂfŸ áw¥ghf¤ bjhl®ªjd. rka¢ brh‰bghÊîfisí« Ãfœ¤â tªjh®. 1879M« M©L Mo khj¤âš Rªju_®¤â ehadh® FUóirÆ‹ nghJ Ãfœ¤âa ehtyÇ‹ brh‰bghÊnt, ïtuJ ïWâ Ãfœthf mikªâUªjJ. á¿Jfhy Rfpd¤â‹ ã‹d®, ãukhâ tUl« fh®¤âif¤ â§fŸ 21M« ehs‹W (5.12.1879) kf e£r¤âu¤âš ïiwao nr®ªjh®. ï›tUl« MWKfehtyÇ‹ 134MtJ Ãidî âd¤ij irt¥bgUk¡fŸ mDZo¡»wh®fŸ. et«g® 24M« âfâ ïtuJ FUóir âdK«, ï«khj« (or«g®) 5M« âfâa‹W ïtuJ Ãidî âdkhF«. ïªJ xË

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ehty® khehL áw¥ãjœ

ey;iy MjPd Kjy;th; =y= NrhkRe;ju Njrpf Qhdrk;ge;j gukhrhhpa Rthkpfs; mtu;fsJ Mrpr; nra;jp Nk

d;iknfhs; irtePjp ,d;W cynfyhk; xypg;gjw;F cj;jkg; gzpahw;wpath; ey;iyefh; ehtyh; ngUkhd;. mg;ngUkfdhhpd; FUg+iria Kd;dpl;L cah; irt khehl;bid mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wKk;> ehtyh; rigAk;> kd;dhh; khtl;l ,e;J r%fKk;> jpUf;NfjP];tu Mya eph;thfKk; ,ize;J elj;Jtij mwpe;J ngUikailfpNwhk;. ghly; ngw;w tuyhw;Wj; jpUt+hpy; ehtyh; khehL elj;JtJ rhyg; nghUj;jkhdNj. “Njd; nghe;J xd;W mfg;gl;Ltpl;lJ. irt rkaj;jtNu khNjhl;l ed;efh; Nehf;fp Gwg;gLtPh”; vd md;W ehtyh; miw$ty; tpLj;jhh;. mjd; gadhfNt jpUf;NfjP]t ; u jpUg;gzp Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ vd tuyhW nrhy;fpwJ. ehtyh; ngUkhdpd; jpUj;njhz;bdhy; vk; kz;zpy; irtKk; jkpOk; cah;Tngw;wd vd;gij ahUk; kWf;f ,ayhJ. ehtyh; ngUkhdhy; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l irtg; gpurq;f kuG ,d;Wk; <oj;jtUf;Fg; ngUik jUfpwJ. ,e;jpahtpy; aho;gg; hzj;J jkpo; eiliaf;fz;L ngUk; kjpg;G jUfpwhh;fs;. ehtyh; ngUkhdpd; nre;jkpo; eil vd ,d;Wk; Nghw;Wfpwhh;fs;. vq;fs; kz;zpy; irt MfkKk;> irt rpj;jhe;jKk;> ,d;iwa Ngr;Rj; jkpOk; epiyngw;W ,Ug;gjw;F ehtyh; ngUkhd; nra;j njhz;Nl fhuzkhFk;. mg;ngUkfdhiu epidT$h;e;J tpoh vLj;Jg; Nghw;Wjy; vk; fldhFk;. ,t; tpohitnahl;b mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk; rpwg;gpjio ntspapLtJ ngUkfpo;r;rpf;FhpaJ. ehtyh; khehl;il elj;Jk; gzpapy; <Lgl;l midtUf;Fk; ey;tho;j;jpidAk; MrpapidAk; ey;fp mikfpd;Nwhk;.

xU tho;;j;J Gyk;ngah; tho; jkpo;; kf;fspilNa ehtyh; rpe;jidfs; gug;gg;glNtz;Lk; irtj;ijAk; jkpioAk; ,Us; R+o;e;j epiyapypUe;J

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Mdhy;> jkpoHfSf;nfd mr;R ,ae;jpuj;ij ,e;ehl;Lf;F Kjd;Kjy; nfhz;L te;jtH ehtyH. mf;fhyj;jpy; rPHjpUj;jf; fUj;Jf;fis gpuRuq;fshf ntspapl;L tpopg;GzHit cUthf;fpdhH. NkhHdpq; ];uhH (Morning Star) vd;w kp\dhp gj;jphpifNahL jHf;fKw;whH. nkhopg; ghz;baj;jpdhy; gphpj;jhdpa Ml;rpahsNuhL gy tplaq;fspy; thjpl;lhH. ,w;iwf;F RkhH 150 Mz;LfSf;F Kd; midj;J Mw;wy;fNshLk; ,k;kz;zpy; ehtyH epkpHe;J epd;whH. mtuJ jPHf;fjhprdNk ,d;W irtrkak; <oj;jpy; kl;Lkd;wp cyfshtpa hPjpapy; tsHr;rp ngw;Ws;sJ. ehtyH xU Jwtp. Mdhy; mtuJ Jwtwk; gyE}W fhyg; gaidj; je;jJ. xU vy;iyia tFj;J> me;j vy;iyf;Fs; Mr;rpuk tho;T vd;W ,j;Jwtp ,Ue;Jtpltpy;iy.

Nkd;ikkpf;f irtj;ijAk; jkpo;nkhopiaAk; fhg;gjw;fhf xt;nthU tpehbfisAk; gad;gLj;jpa ngUe;Jwtp. vs;ssTk; mthplj;jpy; Raeyk; ,y;iy. jd; Rfeyj;ijAk; Ngzpajpy;iy. mjdhy; Ik;gj;J MW tajpy; tpilngw;Wtpl;lhH. ehtyH ngUkhdpd; fdT kpf ePz;lJ. mtuJ fdT KOtJk; edthtjw;F irtrkaj;jtHfs; vt;tsNth ciof;fNtz;Lk;. mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk; ehtyH ngUkhid ,yl;rpakhff;nfhz;L cioj;JtUk; xg;gw;w epWtdk;. ,e; epWtdj;jpd; ghij ehtyhpd; ghij. ehtyhpd; ghijahy; ehk; ele;jhy; vd;;Wk; Njhw;fkhl;Nlhk;. ghly;ngw;w jpUf;NfjP];tuj;jpy; ehtyH ngUkhid epidj;J khehL elj;JtJ ngUikf;Fhpa tplak;. ehd; ,k;khehl;by; Neubahff; fye;Jnfhs;sKbahJ tpl;lhYk;> khehl;bd; epidTfNshL kdk; epiwe;j tho;j;Jf;fis rkHg;gpf;fpNwd;.

Mk; Mz;L vdJ ,dpa koiyg; gUtk; Nfhg;gha; ehtyh; tpj;jpahyaj;jpy; kfpo;tha; fope;jJ. ey;iyefh; ehtyh; ngUkhdpd; ngauhy; Nfhg;gha; fpuhkj;jpy; irtj;jkpo; kf;fSf;fhf cUthf;fg;gl;l ehtyh; tpj;jpahyaj;jpy; ehd; gapYk; tha;g;ig ngw;Nwd;. mg;ghlrhiyapy; ehtyhpd; gz;ghl;Lg; ghuk;ghpak; Ngzpg; ghJfhf;fg;gl;L te;jJ. vdJ ,d;iwa Md;kPf tho;Tf;F Nfhg;gha; ehtyh; tpj;jpahyaNk mj;jpthukpl;lJ vd;why; kpifahfhJ. ehd; ehtyh; tpj;jpahyaj;jpy; khztdhf ,Ue;j Ntisapy; ehtyh; ngUkhdpd; jpUTUtr; rpiy nfhOk;gpypUe;J aho;g;ghzk; te;JNrHe;J> Flhehl;by; tPjpAyh te;jJ. Nfhg;ghapy; ehd; fy;tp gapd;Wnfhz;bUe;j ehtyH tpj;jpahya tshfj;Jf;F cUtr;rpiy te;JNrHe;jNghJ rpWtHfshfpa ehk; Mr;rhpag;gl;Nlhk;. vq;fs; ghlrhiyf;F nghJkf;fs; gyH te;J ehtyH rpiyf;F topghL nra;jdH. ehtyuJ rka tho;T gps;isg; gUtj;jpNyNa cs;sj;jpy; cUthFtjw;F ,e;ehs; tpj;jpl;lJ. ehtyH ngUkhdpd; mHg;gzpg;G kpf;f Md;khHj;jkhd Nritia epidj;Jg; ghHf;Fk;NghJ> mj;jifa xUtH mtUf;Fg; gpd; ek;kpilNa ,y;iy vd;w JaH tUj;JfpwJ. epiwe;j tsKila kp\dhpf;F vjpuhf jdpnahU kdpjdhf epd;W irt rkaj;ij fhj;jtH ,tH. ,tuJ jpl;lkply; kpfTk; epGzj;Jtk; tha;e;jJ. gy;Jiw epGzj;jtHfs; xd;W $b jpl;lkpLk; tplaq;fis jdpkdpj MSikahy; jhNd jpl;lkpl;L cUthf;fpatH. Mq;fpy nkhopia ruskhff; fw;wik> Mq;fpNyaHfsJ Kaw;rpfis jd; mjPj mwptpdhy; tpsq;fpf;nfhz;lik> fhyq;fle;J epiyf;ff;$ba flikfis jpl;lkpLjy;> rthy;fis vjpHnfhs;s jahuhftpUj;jy;> mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;l ,e;jpa rka epWtdq;fSld; njhlHGgLjy; vd;w gy;NtW ghpkhzq;fs;nfhz;l ehtyiu ehk; tpsq;fpf;nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. rKjhaj;ij fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F fy;tp toq;fNy cd;djkhd khHf;fk; vd;gij jhDk; gpuNahfpj;J> VidNahiuAk; fy;tpr;rhiyfis mikf;fj; J}z;baik ehtyhpd; caHe;j ,yf;F vdyhk;. rkag; gpurq;fj;jpd; Clhf ghku ïªJ xË

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“Nkd;iknfhs; irtePjp tpsq;Ff cyfnky;yhk;” c

““Nkd;iknfhs; irtePjp tpsq;Ff cyfnky;yhk;” ” c

““Nkd; ” iknfhs; irteP jp tpsq; f cyfnky; “Nkd; iknfhs; irteP jp tpsq; Ff F cyfnky; yhk;”yhk;” c

Vice- Patrons Dr. (Mrs) Indra Siva-yoham Vice-VPatrons Dr. Balasegaram Mr R Pathmanathan Dr. (Mrs) Indra Siva-yoham VicePatrons Dr. V Balasegaram Dr. (Mrs) Indra Siva-yoham & Trustee President Mr RPatrons Pathmanathan ViceDr. V Balasegaram Mr (Mrs) Sathasivam Anandathiyagar Dr. Indra Siva-yoham Mr R Pathmanathan VicePatrons & Trustee President Dr. VPatrons Balasegaram Vice(Mrs) Indra Siva-yoham MrDr. Sathasivam Anandathiyagar Mr R Pathmanathan Vice-President & Siva-yoham Trustee & Trustee President Dr. (Mrs) Indra Dr. V Balasegaram Mr D Rabindramohan Mr R Pathmanathan Dr. V Balasegaram Mr Sathasivam & Trustee President Vice-President & Anandathiyagar Trustee Mr R Pathmanathan Mr Sathasivam Anandathiyagar Mr D Rabindramohan & Trustee President Hon. General Secretary & Trustee Vice-President & Trustee & TrusteeAnandathiyagar President MrMr S Sathasivam Niranjan Mr D Rabindramohan Vice-President & Anandathiyagar Trustee& Trustee Hon.Sathasivam General Secretary Mr ns & Trustee Trustee Mr D Rabindramohan MrVice-President SGeneral Niranjan Treasurer & Hon. Secretary & Trustee Hon. Mr DRRabindramohan Vice-President & Trustee Indra Siva-yoham Mr V Ramanathan Mr S Niranjan Hon. General Secretary & & TrusteeTrustee Hon.DTreasurer Mr Rabindramohan asegaram General Secretary & Trustee Hon. Mr SVNiranjan Mr R Ramanathan Trustees & Trustee Hon. MrTreasurer S Niranjan manathan Hon. Secretary & Trustee Mr V VGeneral R Ramanathan Loganathan Mr R Treasurer & Trustee Hon. Trustees MrHon. S Niranjan Treasurer & Trustee Mr V RRNagaratnam Ramanathan Mr V Loganathan Mr W Mr V R Ramanathan & TrusteeHon. Trustees Treasurer & Trustee Mr V R Loganathan Trustees ivam Anandathiyagar Mr W Nagaratnam Mr V Ramanathan MrTrustees GRParameswaran MrMr VV RR Loganathan Loganathan Mr W Nagaratnam Trustees Mr C G Sithamparapillai Parameswaran Mr ent & Trustee MrMr WW Nagaratnam Mr V RNagaratnam Loganathan Mr G Parameswaran Mr C Sithamparapillai indramohan MrMr VG C Vamanananthan Mr G Parameswaran Parameswaran Mr Nagaratnam Mr W C Sithamparapillai Mr V C Vamanananthan

Mr C Sithamparapillai Mr C Sithamparapillai Mr G& Parameswaran Building Project Secretary al Secretary Trustee Mr V C Vamanananthan Mr S Balasingam njan Mr Building Project Secretary Mr C Sithamparapillai Mr Vamanananthan VV CC Vamanananthan

Mr S Balasingam Examination Secretary Building Project Secretary MrBuilding VBalasingam Jegendirabose Project Secretary Mr S Mr V C Vamanananthan Building Project Secretary urer & Trustee Examination Secretary Mr S Balasingam Mr S Balasingam Mr V Jegendirabose School Secretary amanathan Examination Secretary Building ProjectSecretary Secretary MrExamination S Kugarajah Mr V Jegendirabose Examination Secretary School Mr S Balasingam Mr VSecretary Jegendirabose Mr Mr V S Jegendirabose Kugarajah Religious Secretary Secretary School Secretary Examination Secretary MrSchool MKugarajah Ravindradas Mr S Secretary School oganathan Secretary Religious Mr Kugarajah Mr V SJegendirabose Mr Mr SMKugarajah Ravindradas Service Secretary Social Secretary Religious Secretary Religious School Mrs PSecretary Sabaratnam Mr M Ravindradas Mr M Ravindradas Secretary Religious Social Service Secretary garatnam Mr S Kugarajah Mr MPRavindradas Mrs Sabaratnam Secretary Publication Social Service Secretary Social Service Secretary Secretary Religious MrMrs VP Sivanarutchelvar Mrs PSabaratnam Sabaratnam Secretary Social Secretary Publication meswaran Mr MService Ravindradas Mrs P Sivanarutchelvar Sabaratnam Mr V Membership Secretary Secretary PublicationSecretary Publication Social Secretary MrMr MService Yasotharan V Sivanarutchelvar Mr V Sivanarutchelvar Publication Secretary Secretary amparapillai Mrs P Sabaratnam .Membership Mr V Sivanarutchelvar Mr M Yasotharan Treasurers Assistant Secretary Membership Membership Secretary .MrMrMMIndusegaran Secretary Publication Yasotharan Mr M Yasotharan Secretary Membership Assistant Treasurers Mr V Sivanarutchelvar . .M amanananthan Mr Treasurers Assistant Mr M Indusegaran Mr. S Yasotharan Thamboo Treasurers Assistant .Membership Mr M Indusegaran Secretary Mr M Indusegaran Assistant Treasurers Mr. Thamboo Mr MS Yasotharan Committee Members MAIndusegaran Mr. SGunarasa Thamboo .Mr Mrs oject Secretary Mr. S Thamboo Committee Members Treasurers Assistant Committee Members SA Thamboo Mrs Gunarasa singamMr. Mr M Indusegaran Mrs B Kanagasabesan Committee Members Mrs A Gunarasa Mrs A Gunarasa Committee Members MrsSV BThamboo Kanagasabesan Mr. Mrs Kanagenthiran Mrs Kanagasabesan Mrs AB Gunarasa n Secretary Mrs B Kanagasabesan Committee Members Mrs Mrs Vasantha Mahadevan MrsV VKanagenthiran Kanagenthiran ndirabose Mrs B Kanagasabesan Mrs A Gunarasa Mrs V Kanagenthiran Mrs Vasantha Mrs NadarajaMahadevan MrsP Vasantha Mahadevan Kanagenthiran Mrs V B Kanagasabesan etary Mrs Mrs Vasantha Mahadevan Mrs Nadaraja MrMrs SPRPNadaraja Pasupathy Vasantha Mahadevan arajah Mrs Mrs V Kanagenthiran Mrs P Nadaraja SRRPasupathy Pasupathy MrMrSSri Mrs Ponnuthurai Mrs NadarajaMahadevan MrsSP Vasantha RSriPasupathy ecretary Mr MrsSri Ponnuthurai Mrs Ponnuthurai Mr SPRNadaraja Pasupathy Mrs indradas Mrs Sri Ponnuthurai Mrs Ponnuthurai MrïªJ SSri R Pasupathy xË

ce Secretary Mrs Sri Ponnuthurai aratnam

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=y= ,yq; MWKfehtyH mfpy if ,e;J rig khkd;wk;> newpahsHfSf; fk;. wk;> =y= MWKfehtyH mfpy ,yq; if F,e;tzf; J rig khkd; mfpy ,yq; i f ,e; J khkd; newpahsHfSf; F tzf; fk;w.k;> =y= MWKfehtyH rig =y= MWKfehtyH rig mfpy ,yq; i f ,e; J khkd; > =y= MWKfehtyH Jizj; jiytH jpU.I jp. rk;ge;jd; newpahsHfSf; F tzf;fk;. wk;rigj; newpahsHfSf; F tzf;frig k;. =y= MWKfehtyH mtHfs;=y= mDg;MWKfehtyH gpa =y= MWKfehtyH miog; gpjo;jp.fpilj; rigj; Jizj;khehL jiytH jpU.I rk;ge;jjJ. d; newpahsHfSf; F tzf; fk;. ,d; i war; R+oypy; ehtyH ngUkhd; md; W nra; j gzpiaAk; mtHfs;=y= mDg;MWKfehtyH gpa =y= MWKfehtyH miog; gpjo;jp.fpilj; rigj; Jizj;khehL jiytH jpU.I rk;gmjd; e;j jJ. d; Kf; fpaj; JmDg; tj; iMWKfehtyH jAk; epidTgLj; jpf; Jizj; nfhs; t J nra; jha; ehl; bYk; > Nkiy ,d;i war; R+oypy; ehtyH ngUkhd; md; WjiytH j jpU.I gzpiaAk; =y= rigj; jp.gfpilj; e;jJ. d; mtHfs; g pa =y= MWKfehtyH khehL miog; gpjo; =y= MWKfehtyH rigj; Jizj; jiytH jpU.I jp. rk; e;rk; j. d;gmjd; ehLfspYk; ,Uf; F k; irt kf; f Sf; F xU ghy ghlkhFk; vkJ Kf; f paj; J tj; i jAk; epidTgLj; j pf; nfhs; t J jha; ehl; b Yk; > Nkiy mtHfs; mDg; g pa =y= MWKfehtyH khehL miog; g pjo; fpilj; j J. ,d; i war; R+oypy; ehtyH ngUkhd; md; W nra; j gzpiaAk; mjd; mtHfs; =y= mDg;gMWKfehtyH pa =y= MWKfehtyH khehL jiytH miog;gpjo; fpilj; jJ.ge;jd; rigj; Jizj; jpU.I jp. mjd; topKiwfisg; gpd; gk;ehtyH w;epidTgLj; w irt ,ilA+W Vw; gLk; NghJ ehad; hHfSk; gpd; ehLfspYk; ,Uf; FehtyH kf; fSf; F xU ghy ghlkhFk; . Nkiy vkJ ,d; i war;Jtj; R+oypy; ngUkhd; md; jk gzpiaAk; mjd; Kf; fwar; paj; i jAk; jpf; nfhs; t J nra; ehl; bYk; >rk; ,d; i R+oypy; ngUkhd; md; W W nra; j jha; gzpiaAk; mjd; mtHfs; mDg; g pa =y= MWKfehtyH khehL miog; g pjo; fpilj; j J. te; j irtg; nghpahHfSk; vg; g bj; jpl; l kpl; L nraw; g l; l hHfs; vd; g ij topKiwfisg; gpd; w;epidTgLj; w irt ,ilA+W Vw; gnfhs; Lk; NghJ mjd; gpd; Kf; paj;JJtj; tj; jAk; jpf; txU J jha; ehl; b > . Nkiy ehLfspYk; ,Uf; Fgk; kf; fnfhs; Sf; FtJ ghy ghlkhFk; vkJ Kf; ffpaj; ii jAk; epidTgLj; jpf; jha;ehad; ehl;kbhHfSk; Yk; > Yk; Nkiy ,d; i war; R+oypy; ehtyH ngUkhd; md; W nra; j gzpiaAk; mjd; rhpj; j puk; fhl; b f; nfhz; L epw; f pwJ. te;j irtg;,Uf; nghpahHfSk; vg;kf; bj; jpl; lNghJ kpl; Lghy nraw; l;ghlkhFk; lhHfs; ggpd; ij ehLfspYk; ,Uf; k;w;irt irt f Sf; F ghy . vd;vkJ ehLfspYk; FF k;fg fgSf; F ghlkhFk; . mjd; vkJ topKiwfisg; gpd; w,e; ,ilA+W Vw; gLk; ehad; kghHfSk; mfpy ,yq; i Jkf; khkd; wxU k; >xU Kf; Jfhl; tj;i jAk; jbj; nfhs; t J jha; ehl; bYk;mjd; > gpd; Nkiy rhpj;jfjpaj; puk; bf; nfhz; L,ilA+W epw;fvg; pwJ. topKiwfisg; gpd; gw;gww;epidTgLj; ,ilA+W Vw; gpf; Lk;gLk; NghJ ehad; khHfSk; mjd; topKiwfisg; gpd; w Vw; NghJ ehad; k hHfSk; gpd; te; irtg; nghpahHfSk; g jpl; l kpl; L nraw; g l; l hHfs; vd; g ij miog; gpjopy; ijrig <h;fjSf; ;j KjyhtJ mk;rk;:ghlkhFk; mfpy ,yq; if ehLfspYk; ,Uf; Fk; ftdj; irt kf; FlLkpl; xU ghy .vd;g vkJ =y= MWKfehtyH te; jjjpuk; irtg; nghpahHfSk; vg;fvg; gpwJ. bj; jpl;l kpl; nraw; gl;lhHfs; vd;gij te; irtg; nghpahHfSk; gbj; jpl; L nraw; g;rl;ulhHfs; ij rhpj; fhl; b f; nfhz; L epw; ,e; J khkd; w k; > =y= MWKfehtyH rig> jpUf; N fhjP r Mya ghpghyd topKiwfisg; gpd; g w; w ,ilA+W Vw; g Lk; NghJ ehad; k hHfSk; mjd; gpd; miog; i j f <h;j mk;rk;: mfpy ,yq;if rhpj; jjpuk; fhl; bb f;gf;pjopy; nfhz; Lftdj; fpwJ. rhpj; puk; fhl; nfhz; Lepw; epw; fpwJ. newpahsHfSf; tzf; k;;j. KjyhtJ rig> kd; dhH lFftdj; mwnewpg; ,izak; xd;w,yq; pize; te; irtg; bj;j;j jpl; lkpl; L nraw; hHfs; vd; gij ,e;jJ khkd; wk;gkhtl; >nghpahHfSk; =y= MWKfehtyH rig> jpUf; NfhjP Mya ghpghyd miog; pjopy; ivg; j gghlrhiy <h; KjyhtJ mk;Mfpad rrgk;;rl;:ulmfpy iJ f ,e; j tpohit Kd; n dLf; F k; jd; i k. xd; w pize; J gzp nra; A k; ,ay; G miog; g pjopy; ftdj; i j <h; j j ; KjyhtJ mk; r k; : mfpy ,yq; i f rhpj; j puk; fhl; b f; nfhz; L epw; f pwJ. rig> kd; dhH l ftdj; mwnewpg; ,izak; xd;w,yq; pize; J miog; ij ghlrhiy <h;j;j rig> KjyhtJ rrk;;r:u mfpy if ,e; J khkd; wk;gkhtl; >pjopy; =y= MWKfehtyH jpUf;Nmk; fhjPMfpad Mya ghpghyd ,e; J khkd; w k; > =y= MWKfehtyH rig> jpUf; N fhjP r ; r u Mya ghpghyd vk; K s; tsh; e ; J tpl; l hy; vq; f s; Kd; N dw; w j; i jf; fz; L ehNk tpaf; f yhk; . ,e;J j khkd; tpohit Kd; ndLf; Fk; jd; ik. rig> xd;w,izak; pize; gzp nra; Ak;wghpghyd ,ay;J G ,e; wk;>khtl; =y= MWKfehtyH jpUf;NJ fhjPMfpad r;ru Mya rig> kd; dhH l mwnewpg; ghlrhiy xd; pize; rig> kd;miog; dhH ekhtl; l l mwnewpg; ghlrhiy ,izak; wpize; J pjopy; ftdj; i jjd; <h;ijk. ;j KjyhtJ mk;Mfpad : xd; mfpy iJ vk;K tsh; ;J tpl; hy; vq; fs; Kd; Ndw; wj;w,izak; i jf; Mfpad fz; Lrk;ehNk tpaf; f,ay; yhk; .fG rig> dhH g khtl; l mwnewpg; ghlrhiy xd; w,yq; pize; ,e; j s;kd; tpohit Kd; n dLf; F k; xd; pize; J gzp nra; A k; gpwe;w jk;Kd; kz; pYk; > gpiof; te; j ehLfspYk; fs;,ay; rkaj; ,e; jJ tpohit nz dLf; Fk; jd;ik.f xd; wpize; J gzp AMya k; G ij ,e; =y= MWKfehtyH rig> jpUf; Nfz; rnra; ;rehNk uvq; ,e; j s;khkd; tpohit Kd; n dLf; Fk;fs;jd;Kd; ik.Ndw; xd; pize; JfhjP gzp nra;tpaf; Ak;ghpghyd ,ay; vk; K tsh; e;J> tpl; tpl; l hy;vq; vq; wjf; j;wrigj; i jf; LJizj; f yhk; .G =y= MWKfehtyH jiytH jpU vk; K s; f tsh; e ; J l hy; f s; Kd; N dw; w j; i fz; L ehNk tpaf; f yhk; . tsHf; gyuhfr; NrHe; J gzp nra; a KidAk; NghJ vq; fshy; rig> kd; d hH khtl; l mwnewpg; ghlrhiy ,izak; Mfpad xd; w pize; gpwe; je;J kz; z pYk;vq; > f gpiof; f Ndw; te;wjj;iehLfspYk; vq;fs; rkaj; i.J j vk; K s; tsh; tpl; l hy; s; Kd; jf; fz; L ehNk tpaf; f yhk; czuj; j f;gyuhfr; fjmDg; XHkz; cz; ipa k >F=y= mtuJ fhyj; jA py; vj; id ,e; j f tpohit Kd; nNrHe; dLf; k;gpiof; jd;MWKfehtyH ik. xd; wpize; J gzp k;rkaj; ,ay; mtHfs; gpYk; =y= khehL tsHf; gzp nra; aj KidAk; NghJ vq; fjshy; gpwe; ehLfspYk; vq;nra; frkaj; s; iG j miog gpwe; j kz; zz pYk; > J gpiof; f fte; jte;MWKfehtyH ehLfspYk; vq;vd; f s; i jmthpd; rthy; f isAk; > gpur; r idfisAk; vjpHnfhz; b Ug; g hH g jhFk; . vk; K s; tsh; e ; J tpl; l hy; vq; f s; Kd; N dw; w j; i jf; fz; L ehNk tpaf; f yhk; . czuj; j f; f XH cz; i k =y= MWKfehtyH mtuJ fhyj; j py; vj; j id gpwe; j kz; z pYk; > gpiof; f te; j ehLfspYk; vq; f s; rkaj; i j tsHf; f gyuhfr; NrHe; J gzp nra; a KidAk; NghJ vq; f shy; tsHf; NrHe;vd; J dgzp a KidAk; NghJ fs shy; ,d; i war; R+oypy; ehtyH ngUkhd; md; W nra; g ntw; wff pf; Fgyuhfr; f;f fhuzk; vd; gnra; ijAk; jgpf; Ntz; bvq; As; J. ,e; j j rthy; > cz; gpur; rki idfisAk; vjpHnfhz; brpe; Ug; hHfhyj; vd; .id mthpd; tsHf; NrHe; J=y= gzp nra; aehk;KidAk; NghJ vq; fjshy; czuj; j cz; k=y= MWKfehtyH mtuJ fhyj; jpy;j vj; id czuj; jisAk; f;f; fgyuhfr; XHXH i MWKfehtyH mtuJ jg py;jhFk; vj; gpwe; jirtj; kz; z pYk; > =y= fpw; ehLfspYk; vq; fAs; s;py;s ijjjha; tpdh-tpil j pd; Kd; Ngpiof; dw; j Fte; j; jehk; Njitg; gjgpf; LfpwJ. Kf; paj; tj; i nfhs; t J e ntw;fw pf; Ff;f;fJ vd; vd;wepidTgLj; gj; ijAk; pf; J. czuj; j XH cz; i kd MWKfehtyH mtuJ fhyj; vj; j,e; id rthy; isAk; > gpur; gpur; rjAk; idfisAk; vjpHnfhz; Ug; hH gNtz; vd; gb jhFk; .rkaj; mthpd; rthy; ff isAk; >fhuzk; ridfisAk; vjpHnfhz; bUg;b grpe; hHj vd; jhFk; . jmthpd; tsHf; f gyuhfr; NrHe; J gzp nra; a KidAk; NghJ vq; f shy; tpdh-tpil irtj; jvd; pd; Kd; Ndw; wgj; jvjpHnfhz; pw;F j; ehk; Njitg; gjgNtz; LfpwJ. rthy; f isAk; > gpur; r idfisAk; b Ug; hH vd; g jhFk; . mthpd; ntw; w pf; F f; fhuzk; vd; d vd; ijAk; rpe; pf; Ntz; b As; s J. ,e; j ntw; w pf; F f; fhuzk; d vd; g ijAk; ehk; rpe; j pf; b As; s J. ,e; j ehLfspYk; ,Uf; F k; irt F xU ghy g cyfj; gyikghfq; fspYk; ,Uf;Fk; kf; irtfSf; Myaq; fSf; F k;> jrka czuj; XHjpd; =y= MWKfehtyH fhyj; jpy; vj; id tpdh-tpil irtj; jcz; pd; Kd; Nddw; wj;j pw; Fpw; j;FNjitg; gLfpwJ. ntw; wpf;j Ff; f;f fhuzk; vd; vd; gnjhz; ijAk; rpe;mtuJ pf; FNtz; b As; s J. ,e; j tpdh-tpil irtj; jpd;Vidaj; Kd; Ndw; w j; j j;H ehk; Njitg; gjLfpwJ. epWtdq; f Sf; F k; > l rigfSf; k; ,k; k hehL xU rthy; fisAk; > jpd; gpur; ridfisAk; vjpHnfhz; Ug;gg hH Myaq; vd; gjhFk; .Fk;mthpd; cyfj; gy ghfq; fw;spYk; Fk; birt fSf; > rka topKiwfisg; gpd; ,ilA+W Vw; g,J Lk; NghJ ehad;khH tpdh-tpil irtj; jpd; Kd; Ng dw; ww j;jpw; F,Uf; j; toptFf; Njitg; LfpwJ. Gj;JwzHitAk; GhpjiyAk; nfhLf; f F k; .

MWKfehtyh; ntw; pf;cyfj; F f; fhuzk; vd; d vd; g ijAk; ehk; rpe; j pf; Ntz; b As; s J. j j pd; gy ghfq; f spYk; ,Uf; F k; irt Myaq; f Sf; F k; > rka epWtdq; f Sf; F k; > Vidaj; njhz; l H rigfSf; F k; ,k; k hehL xU cyfj;jpd; gy ghfq;fspYk; ,Uf;Fk; irt Myaq;fSf;Fk;> ,e; rka te; j irtg; nghpahHfSk; vg; g bj; jpl; l kpl; L nraw;gl vq; f Sf; F j; njhlHe; J nra; A k; irtg; gzpahFk; . epWtdq; f Sf; F k; > Vidaj; njhz; l H rigfSf; F k; ,k; k hehL xU tpdh-tpil irtj; j pd; Kd; N dw; w j; j pw; F j; Njitg; g LfpwJ. Gj;JzHitAk; f,Uf; ,J ,k; cyfj; jk; pd;>GhpjiyAk; gy ghfq;fnfhLf; spYk; FrigfSf; k; irt . Myaq; fMWKfehtyh; Sf; Fk;> rka epWtdq; fSf;F Vidaj; njhz; lH toptFf; Fk; khehL xU Gj; J zHitAk; GhpjiyAk; nfhLf; f toptFf; F k; . ,J MWKfehtyh; vq;J fj Sf; FSf; j; fhl; njhlHe; J nra; Ak;nfhLf; irtg; . k;. Fk; epWtdq; >GhpjiyAk; Vidaj; lHgzpahFk; rigfSf; ,k; hehL topNa xU Gj; zHitAk; fepw; toptFf; F MWKfehtyh; rhpj; puk; b f; nfhz; f pwJ. ePfj; qf ; njhlHe; s;Fjk; xOq; F nra; s;njhz; sL khehl; b rpwg; ghd ,J epfo; rSf; ;rkpfs; cyfj; pd;GhpjiyAk; ghfq; fk; spYk; Fd;k;. irt Fk;> rka vq; fJ Sf; F Jgy nra; Ak;AJ irtg; gzpahFk; Gj; zHitAk; nfhLf; f,Uf; toptFf; F k;. Myaq; ,J fMWKfehtyh; vq; f Sf; F j; njhlHe; J nra; irtg; gzpahFk; . =y= ePMWKfehtyhpd; vjpHghHg; fs; epiwNtwl; LF k;k; . epfo; irtKk; epWtdq; fqSf; Fk; > J Vidaj; njhz; lgzpahFk; H b rigfSf; ,k; hehLjkpOk; xU f ; s; xOq; F nra; nra; J s Gkhehl; d; rpwg; ghd r;rkpfs; topNa vq; fSf; F j;s; njhlHe; A k;ss;irtg; .j;J eP q f ; xOq; F nra; J s; khehl; b d; rpwg; g hd epfo; r ; r pfs; topNa NkYk; tsu mtH Gfiog; ghLk; cq; f is tho; fpNwhk; . ,e; j g; gzpapy; Gj; JzHitAk; GhpjiyAk; nfhLf; f toptFf; F k; . ,J MWKfehtyh; =y= vjpHghHg; G fs; epiwNtwl; L k; . irtKk; jkpOk; ePMWKfehtyhpd; qmiog; f ; s; xOq; F nra; J s; s khehl; b d; rpwg; g hd epfo; r ; r pfs; topNa gq;pjopy; ftdj; ij <h; j;jLfpd;KjyhtJ mk;rk;: =y= MWKfehtyhpd; vjpHghHg; Gfs; Nritiag; epiwNtwl;L.ghuhl; k;. irtKk; jkpOk; <LgLk; ey; y cs; sGfiog; fnra; spd; Nkyhd whk; fsJ vq; fSf; F j; njhlHe; J AghLk; k;s;irtg; NkYk; tsu mtH cq; fgzpahFk; is tho; j;J fpNwhk; . N,e; j. g;cq; gzpapy; eP q f ; s; xOq; F nra; J s khehl; b d; rpwg; g hd epfo; r ; r pfs; topNa =y= MWKfehtyhpd; vjpHghHg; G fs; epiwNtwl; L k; . irtKk; jkpOk; NkYk; ghLk; cq; fisJtho; jf;Js;fpNwhk; . yhUf; ,e; jg;Fk; gzpapy; ,e; J khkd; k; >q;f=y= MWKfehtyH rig> jpUf; NfhjPr;ru ey; y tsu Kaw; rmtH pf; FwGfiog; ,iwtd; JizapUe; vq;tho; vy; yfsJ top <LgLk; ey; y cs; sGfiog; spd; Nkyhd Nritiag; fpd; whk; cq; =y= MWKfehtyhpd; vjpHghHg; Gfs; epiwNtwl; L k;NL .Nwhk; irtKk; jkpOk; NkYk; tsu mtH ghLk; cq; fis jghuhl; ;J fpNwhk; . .N,e; j.f g;ey; gzpapy; <LgLk; ey; y cs; s q; f spd; Nkyhd Nritiag; ghuhl; L fpd; cq; sJ eP q f ; s; xOq; F nra; J s; s khehl; b d; rpwg; g hd epfo; r ; r pfs; topNa fhl; Ntz; nkd tzq; Ffpd; Nwhk; . Nritiag; ey;yylKaw; Kaw; rLd pf; F ,iwtd; JizapUe; J fvy; s; vy; NLyhUf; F k;y yfsJ top NkYk; tsu mtH ghLk; cq; is jghuhl; fpNwhk; . N,e; j gzpapy; rig> kd; hH,iwtd; khtl; l mwnewpg; ghlrhiy ,izak; Mfp <LgLk; ey;ry cs; sGfiog; q;fspd; Nkyhd fpd; whk; .g;ey; cq; ey; pf; F JizapUe; J fvq; fvq; s;tho; N;J yhUf; F k; ey; top =y= MWKfehtyhpd; vjpHghHg; G fs; epiwNtwl; L k; . irtKk; jkpOk; fhl;l Ntz; Lpf; nkd tzq; Ffpd; Nwhk; . Nritiag; <LgLk; ey;Lyrnkd cs; s q;fF spd; Nkyhd fpd;Nwhk; cq; ey; yl Ntz; Kaw; F tzq; ,iwtd; JizapUe; J vq;fs;ghuhl; vy;NLyhUf; Fk; . ey; yfsJ top fhl; fpd; N whk; . ,e; j Ntz; tpohit Kd;ghLk; ndLf; Fis k; vq;tho; jd; i k. xd; wpize; J gzp NkYk; tsu mtH Gfiog; fpNwhk; . F ,e; ey; rLpf; F ,iwtd; JizapUe; fs;j;J vy; NyhUf; k;jg;ey;gzpapy; y top fhl;yl Kaw; nkd tzq;Ffpd; Nwhk;cq; . fJ <LgLk; ey;yLnkd cs; q;fspd; Nkyhd Nritiag; ghuhl;NLdw; fpd;Nw whk; . cq; fhl; Ntz; tzq; Ffpd; whk;. vq; vk; s; es;J tpl; lNhy; fs; Kd; j;i jf;fsJ fz;L eh ,g;K glbf; F tsh; ey; y Kaw; rpf;F ,iwtd; JizapUe;J vq;fs; vy;NyhUf;Fk; ey;y top Ml; r pf; FOtpd; rhHgpy; ,g;ggbf; F Lnkd tzq;Ffpd;Nwhk;. ,g; F fhl; lbf; Ntz; Ml; Ml;rgrpf; pf;FOtpd; ,g; bf; FFOtpd; gpwe;rhHgpy; jrhHgpy; kz;zpYk;> gpiof;f te;j ehLfspYk; v Ml; r pf; FOtpd; rhHgpy; ,g; g bf; F rjhrptk; Mde; jpahfH rjhrptk; mde; jj jpahfh; tsHf; gyuhfr; NrHe;J gzp nra;a KidAk; Ng Ml; rpf; f FOtpd; rhHgpy; rjhrptk; Mde; j jpahfH rjhrptk; ,g; gbf;F Mde;jjpahfH czuj; jMde; f;fjjpahfH XH cz; ik =y= MWKfehtyH mtuJ f Ml; rpf; FOtpd; rhHgpy; rjhrptk; 6 ehty® khehL áw¥ãjœ rjhrptk; Mde;jjpahfH rthy; fisAk; > gpur;ridfisAk; vjpHnfhz;bUg;ghH vd

topfhl;Lk; ghy ghlk; tho;f

ntw; wpf;F f; jjpahfH fhuzk; vd;d vd;gijAk; ehk; rpe;jpf; Ntz rjhrptk; Mde;

ÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙ

=y= MWKfehtyupd; rKjhag; gzpfs; Nguhrpupau; ,uh. it. fdfuj;jpdk; ÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙ

eh

mioj;jdh;. tz;zhh;gz;iz nfhOk;Gj;Jiw Kjyhd ,lq;fis ikakhff; nfhz;L fQ;rpj; njhl;bj; jUkk; eil ngw;wd. 1877 Mk; Mz;L khh;fopkhjk; tiuAk; ,f; fQ;rpj; njhl;bj; jUkk; ePbj;jJ. fhyepiyapy; Vw;gl;l khw;wq;fshy; ,j; jU­ kk; Kbtile;jpUf;fyhk;. ehtyhpd; rKjhag; gq;f­ spg;gpy; fQ;rpj; njhl;bj; jUkk; Kjd;ikahd ,lj;ijg; ngw;Ws;snjdyhk;.

tyhpd; rKjhag; gzpapid Mfk tpNuhj eltbf;iffisf; fisa Kw;gly;> fQ;rpj; njhl;bj; jUkk; > Ntshz; i kg; gzp> murpay; gq; F > Mya GdUj;jhuzk; vd;w tifapy; Nehf;fyhk;.

Mfk tpNuhj eltbf;iffisf; fisa Kw;gly; ehtyhpd; Mfk tpNuhj eltbf;iffisf; fisAk; Kaw;rpfspy;> irt kf;fsplk; fhzg;gl;l FiwghLfSk; Mya rPh;NfLfSk; Kf;fpa ,lk; ngw;wpUe;jd. Myaf; fphpiafs; Mfk tpjpf;fikahik> Njthu jpUthrfk; Kjyhd jpUKiwfSk; gz;NzhL ghlg;glhik> ghh;gg ; dh;> Nfhapyhsh;> irtf;FUkhh;fs;> cUj;jpuq; fzpifah; KjyhNdhhpd; xOf; f f; N fL> rJh; f ; f r; N rhp elj; j y; > thzNtbf;if> gpwH kid eaj;jy;> tuT nryT fhl;lhik> tpba tpba itgtq;fs; elj;jy;> ngha;> fsT> kJghdk; mUe;Jjy;> #J> ntw;wpiy> ghf;F NghLjy; Kjyhd tplaq;fis ehtyh; fz;bj;jhh;. ,it Myaq;fspy; eilngw;whnyd;d> nghJ itgtq;fspy; eilngw;whnyd;d jdp kdpj FLk;g #oypy;; eilngw;whnyd;d ahTk; kdpj tho;Tf;Fj; jPq;F gag;gNjhL> rKjha tho;tpd; xOq;FKiwiaf; nfLj;JtpLk;> vd ehtyH ek;gpdhH. vdNt> ehtyh; kf;fsplkpUe;J ,tw;iwf; fistjpy; kpFe;j fhprid cilatuhf tpsq;fpdhh; vdyhk;.

Ntshz;ik gzp 1876 Mk;> 1877Mk; Mz;Lfspy; Vw;gl;l ngUk; gQ;r neUf;fbiaj; njhlh;eJ ; > Nrh;> tpy;ypak; fpnwfwp vd;Dk; MSeuhy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lNj fe;jsha; Ntshz;ikj; jpl;l­ khFk;. ,jd; mbg;gilapNy> aho;gg ; hzj;jpy; "aho;gg ; hzk;> kl;­ lf;­ fsg;G> Ntshz;ikr; rq;fk;" cjakhdJ. gq;Ffspd; mbg;­ gilapy; Kfhikj;Jtk; toq;fg;gl;lJ. ehtyh; ,t;Ntshz;­ ikr; rq;fj;jhy; irt> jkpo; kf;fSf;Fr; rpwe;j Nritahw;w KbAk; vd;w fhuzj;jhy; $Ljw; gq;Ffis thq;fp mjd; Kfhikahshpy; xUtuhfr; Nrh;e;Jnfhz;lhh;. gpd;dh; ,r;rq;fj;jpd; gad;ghl;bid kf;fSf;F ntspg;gLj;Jk; nghUl;Lj; jkJ irtg;gpufhr tpjj ; pahrhiyapNy nghJf;­ $l;lq;­ fisf; $l;bg; gpurq;fpjj ; hh;.

1879,y; Kjd;Kjypy;; Vw;gl;l Njrpa ,dthjg; Nghf;Ffs; fhuzkhf ehtyh; jkJ r%feyg; gzp­ r; nraw;ghLfis if tpl Neh;ej ; J. 1877Mk; Mz;L khh;fop khjj;jpw;Fg;gpd; Vw;gl;l kioapidj; njhlh;e;J kf;fs; tpijg;gjw;F tpij­ ney; Njitg;gl;lJ. aho;gg ; hz Vr;rd;l; Jitze; JiuaplKk; ,yq;if MSd­ hplKk; Kiwapl;lhH. ehtyhpd; Ntz;LNfhs; fUj;jpw; nfhs;sg;g ­lhj epiyapy; ehtyH rl;lep&gzrigj; jkpo;gg ; pujpepjp Nrh; Kj;Jf;Fkhu Rthkp mth;fspd; JizNahL Ntz;bf; nfhz;­ lhh;. mtuJ Ntz;L Nfhs; epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ. tlgFjp tptrhapfSf;F ney; toq;fg;gl;lJ. Jitapde;­ Jiu aho;gg ; hzj;jpy; Vw;gLj;j ­ pa Coy;fs; midj;ijAk; ,yq;if MSdh;%yk; gphpj;jhdp­ ahTf;Fj; njhptpj;jhh;.

fQ;rpj; njhl;bj; jUkk; 1876 Mk; Mz;L <oehl;bd; tlgpuNjrk; ngUk; tul;rpfF ; l; gl;bUe;jJ. ney;> Fuf;fd; Kjyhd jhdpa tiffSk;> gpw gaph; tiffSk; kioapd;wp mope;njhope;jd> ,jdhNy ehl;by; gQ;rk; jiyJ}f;fpaJld; nghUl;fspd; tpiythrpAk; caHe;J nrd;wJ. ,iy> Fio Gw;W kz; Kjyhdtw;iwr; rhg;gpl;L> caph; thoNtz;ba epiyf;F kf;fs; js;sg;gl;ldh;> gQ;rKk;> nfhba tul;rpAk; Nrh;eJ ; kf;fsplj;Nj Nfhjhhp Nehia Vw;gLj;jpd. ,e;Nehahy; kf;fs; my;yy; gl;ldh;. gyh; khz;nlhope;jdh;. gUj;jpj;Jiw> aho;gg ; hzk;> Ntyiz> rhtfr;Nrhp> muhyp Kjyhd ,lq;fs; Nfhjhhp Nehahy; nghpJk; ghjpgG; f;Fs;shapd. ,e;epiyapy; ehtyh; vt;tpj NtWghLfSk; fhl;lhJ> fsj;jpy; ,wq;fp> gl;bdpahy; thLk; kf;fSf;Ff; fQ;rpthh;ff ; Kw;gl;lhh;. ,tuJ Kaw;rpf;F ,f;fhyj;jpy; vOe;j gj;jphpiffSk;> cah; mjpfhhpfSk; Mjutspj;jd. fQ;rp njhl;bapy; Cw;wg;gl;L gpd; xt;nthUtUf;Fk; thHf;fg;gl;likahy; ,jidf; fQ;rpj; njhl;bj; jUkk; vd ïªJ xË

murpaw; gq;F <oehl;bNy njhlh;r;rpahd irtg; ghuk;ghpaj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;g Ntz;Lnkdpy; irt kugpNy te;j gpujpepjp xUth; rl;lep&gz rigapNy mq;fk; tfpj;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd;w fhuzj;jpdhy;> jdJ ez;guhd gpwpw;NwhTf;Fk; jkf;Fk; mt;tg;NghJ rpy Kuz;ghLfs; Vw;gl;l NghJk; 7

ehty® khehL áw¥ãjœ

ehtyh; Mfk tpNuhjf; fphpia Kiwfs; ey;Y}h;f; fe;jRthkp Nfhapypy; elg;gijf; fz;L fz;bj;jik Nghd;W> tz;zhh; gz;izf; fjpNurd; Nfhapy; Mfk Kiwf;Fk;> rpw;g rhj;jpu tpjpKiwf;Fk; tpyf;fhff; fhzg;gl;bUg;gijf; fz;bj;Jk; 1879Mk; Mz;L Mbkhjk; "tz;zhh; gz;izr; rptd; Nfhapy;" vd;w Jz;Lg;gpu­ Ruj;ij ntspapl;lhh;. rptd; NfhapYf;Fj; njd; gf;fj;jpNy fe;jRthkp Nfhapy; fl;lg;gl;bUg;gijf; fhuzfhupaj; njhlHG fhl;bg; gpuRunkhd;iw ntspapl;lhH. <oehl;bd; tlgFjpapw; fhzg;gl;l rpwpa nghpa Nfhapy;fs; midj;Jk; ehtypd; fz;ldq;fSf;Fl;glhj tz;zk; ghh;j;J ­ f;­ nfhs;s> Mfk xOq;Ffis ,ad;wkl;Lk; filg;gpbj;J te;jikapdhNyNa tlgFjpapw; rpwe;j Myaq;fs; Njhd;w­ yhapd. <oj;jpd; tlgFjpapNy Mfk newpfSf;Fl;gl;Lf; fl; b naOg; g g; g l; l Myaq; f Sk; > fl; b naOk; g g; g Lk; Myaq;­ fSk; ehtyh; Myaq;fs; gw;wpf; nfhz;bUe;j fUj;Jf;fspd; rpd;dq;fNs vdyhk;. vJ vt;thW ,Ug;gpDk; ,d;W fhzg;gLk; Myaq;fs; gy­ t w; W s; S k; ehtyuhy; fz; b f; f g; g l; l tplaq; f s; jpUj;jkilahJ jd;dpr;irNahL eilngw;W tUtJ irtrkapfs; gyUk; mwpe;jnthd;W. mtw;Ws; xd;wpid ,q;F Fwpg;gplyhk;.

"%y %h; j ; j p my; y hj Nfhapy; NfhapyhfhJ. %y %h;j;jpahtJ rpiy tbtpdjha; ml;lge;jdQ; nra; a g; n gw; W mirtpy; y hjha; cs; s %h; j ; j p. ,J mry vdg; g Lk; . ,e; e y; Y hh; f ; fe; j Rthkp Nfhapy; fw;gf; fpufj;jpDs;Ns ,Uf;fpw %h;j;jp nts;spapdhNy nra;ag; ngw;wjha; mgpN~f Kjypaitfspd; nghUl;Lj; jd;dplj;jpdpd;Wk; gpwjplj;Jf;Fg; ngah;tjha; cs;s ry %h;jj ; p ,J %h;jj ; pahFkh?" (ey;Yhh;f; fe;jRthkp Nfhapy;Kjyhk; gj;jphpif) vDk; ehtyh; $w;W irtrkapfshy; kdq; nfhs;sg; gl Ntz;banjhd;whFk;.

gpwpw;Nwhtpd; MSikia mq;ff P hpf;fhJ> nghd;dk;gyk; ,uhkehjidr; rl; l ep&gz rigf; F j; njhptjpy; Mh;tk;fhl;ba ghq;F Kf;fpakhd tuyhw;W epfo;rr ; pnad;Nw Fwpg;gply; Ntz;Lk;. ehtyH ,d;Nwy; NrH nghd; ,uhkehjd; vd;nwhUtiu tuyhW epidj;Jg; ghHf;f KbahJ. mtH “,e;Jf;fspd; rPHj;jpUj;jthjp ehtyH” vdf; $wpaik ,q;F epidTf; $uj;jf;fJ.

Myag;gzp ehtyh; nghJkf;fshy; topghbaw;wg; ngw;w Guhjd Myaq;fs; GdUj;jhuzk; nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lnkd;gjpYk; kf;fshy; topglg;gLk; Myaq;fs; Mfk rpw;g rhj;jpu tpjp­ Kiwf;F mike;j tz;zkhf eilngw Ntz;Lnkd;gjpYk; fhprid cilatuhf tpsq;fpdhh;. <oehl;bNy ghly; ngw; w jyq; f s; mopghlile; j pUg; g ijf; fz; Z w; w ehtyh; mtw; i wg; GdUj; j huzk; nra; a Ntz; L k; vd; g ij 1872Mk; Mz; L ntspapl; l aho; g ; g hzr; rkaepiy vd;w gpuRuj;jpy; tw;GWj;jp­ As;shh;. ehtyh; jpUf;Nfjpr;ruj;ijg; GdUj;jhuzQ; nra;a Kw;gl;lnghOJ mthpd; gukithpAk; > ez; g Ukhd Jitapde; ­ J iu murhq;f mjpguhf ,Ue;jikahy; mt;tUQ; nraiy mtuhy; nra;aKbatpy;iy. ,jdhNy> aho;g;ghzj;jpNy fPhpkiyapYs;s Guhjd rpwg;Gkpf;f rptd; Nfhapiyg; GdUj;­ jhuzQ; nra;a Kw;gl;lhh;. 1878Mk; Mz;L itfhrpkhjk; ,f;Nfhapypd; GdUj;jhuzj;jpd; mtrpak; gw;wpa tpf;fpah­ gdj;ij ntspapl;lhh;. 1879Mk; Mz;L r. ,uFehj rh];jphpahh; (Nrhjplh;) Nrhkpehjh; (rpw;ghrphpah;) fh. rghgjpf; FUf;fs; KjyhNdhh; fSld; Nrh;eJ ; Nfhapy; fl;Ltjw;fhd epyj;ijf; Fwpj;Jr; nrd;whh;. MapDk;> ehtyhpd; fhyj; j py; ,t; t hyaj; ­ j pd; GdUj; j huz Ntiyfs; Kw;Wg;ngwtpy;iy. gpd;dh;> irt cjaghD> ,e;Jrhjdk; Mfpa gj;jphpiffspd; gpurhuj;jhYk;> ePhN ; typ rq;fu gz;bjh;> tz;iz it. MWKfk;gps;is e. r. nghd;dk;gygps;is> KjyhNdhh;fspd; mDruizahYk; fPhpkiyr; rptd;Nfhapy; GdUj;jhuzQ; nra;ag;gl;lJ.

rpjk;guj;jpYs;s MWKf ehtyh; epiyak;; ïªJ xË

(ehtyu; tuyhW - xU RUf;fk;: khkd;w ntspaPL)

ehtyh; ghlrhiy mjpgh; ifyhrgps;is FLk;gk; 8

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jkpofj;ij <oehl;Lf;Ff; flikg;gLj;jpa NgUgfhhp ehtyh; Nguhrpupah; R. tpj;jpahde;jd; ÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙ

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mtuJ ,uz;lhtJ jkpofg; gpuahzk; 1849 Mk; Mz;by; eilngw;wJ. mr;Rf; $lk; thq;fg; Nghdtiu MWKfehtyuhf;fpaJ mg;gpuahzk;. jkpo; ehl;bw; irtg;gpurq;fk; nra;J irtg;gapiu tsh;f;fTk; irt MjPdq;fisr; irtg; gzpAk; jkpo;g;gzpAk; nra;aj; J}z;lTk; mg;gpuahzk; topNfhypw;W. fy;tp fw;Fk; gps;isfSf;Ff; fUtp E}Yzh;r;rpAk; rka EhYzh;r;rpAk; Cl;lj;jf;f E}y;fis mr;rpLtjw;F mr; r pae; j puj; i jf; nfhz; L tUtjw; F 1849Mk; Mz;L Mb khjk; nrd;idg; gl;lzk; nrd;whh;. nrd;wth; jpUthtLJiw MjPdj;ij mile;jhh;. mq;NfapUf;Fk; nghOJ gz;lhu re;epjpfSk; jkpo; tpj;Jthd;fSk; jkpo; ,yf;fz ,yf;fpaj;jpYk; irt rpj; j he; j rhj; j puj; j pYk; jkf; F ,Ue; j Iaq;fSk; tpsf;fq; Nfl;Lj; jk; mwpit tpUj;jp nra;J nfhz;ldh;. mtuJ Mw;wiyf; fz;L tpae;j ,uz;lhtJ re;epjhdkhfpa Nkyfuk; Rg;gpukzpa Njrpfh; jiyikr; re;epjhdj;jpd; jiyikapy; xU tpj;Jtr; rig $l;br; irtg; gpurq;fk; nra;Ak;gb gzpj;jhh;. irt rpj;jhe;jg; nghUs; gw;wp mth; nra;j gpurq;fj;ijf; Nfl;l jpUthtLJiw MjPdj;J cga re;epjhdq;fSk; kw;iw tpj;Jthd;fSk; mtuJ thf;F ty;ygj;ijf; Fwpj;J Mr;rhpag;gl;L ‘ehtyh;’ vd;w gl;lj;ij toq;fpdhh;. mr;Rf;$lk; thq;fr; nrd; w th; MWKf ehtyuha; mr; R f; $ lj; J ld; aho;g;ghzk; jpUk;gpdhh;. mj;Jld; jkpofj;ijj; jkf;Ff; flikg;gLj;jpAk; te;jhh;. gpurq;fk; %yk; jkpofj;jpw; irtj;ij tsh;j;jhh;. jpUthtLJiw MjPdj;ijr; irtg;gzpapy; NkYk; Cf;Ftpj;jhh;. jkpofj;jhUf;Fk; jkpopyf;fz ,yf;fpa mwpTk; rka mwpTk; Gfl;bdhh;.

MWKfehtyh; %d;whtJ jlit jkpofj;jpw;Fg; gpuahzkhdJ rptg+ir vOe; j Usg; gz; z pf; nfhs;tjw;F. ,J 1854 Mk; Mz;by; mtuJ 32Mk; tajpy; eilngw;wJ. mjd; gpd; 1858 Mk; Mz;by; jkJ 36tJ tajpy; nghpa Ehy;fisg; gjpj;jw;Fr; nrd;idf;F nrd;whh;. NghFk; topapw; gy jyq;fis tzq;fp jpUthtLJiw MjPdj;ij mile;jhh;. mt;thjPdj;Jg; gz;lhu re;epjpfshy; cgrhpf;fg;gl;L mk;klj;jpNy gz;lhu re;epjpfSf;Fk; rh];jphpfSf;Fk; tpj;Jthd;fSf;Fk; jk;gpuhd;fSf;Fk; XJthh;fSf;Fk;

jkpOk; irtKk; tho mtjhpj;jth; MWKf ehtyh; vd;Nw nghJthfg; Ngrg;gLfpd;wJ. jkpofj;jpw;F MWKf ehtyh; Mw;wpa njhz;L mt;tsT rpwg;ghff; fzpf;fg;gLtjpy;iy.mth; jkpo; ehl;Lf;Fr; nra;j gzpiag; Nguhrphpah; NrhkRe;ju ghujpahh; gpd;tUkhW jpul;bf; $wpAs;shh; “aho;gg ; hz ey;Yhh; MWKf ehtyuth;fs; xU mtjhu GU~h;. ,ilapUl;filf; fhyj;jpy; tpbAKd; tpRk;gpy; tpsq;Fk; nts;sp Nghyj; jkpofj;jpy; jsUQ; irtKe; jkpOe; jioa mt;tpuz;bw;Fk; Gj;Japh; toq;fg; gpwe;j ts;syhthh;. Kd;Nd gy fhyq;fspYe; jkpofj;jpypUe;J jhd; ngw;w rpy rpW ed;ikfis tl; b Ald; ngUf; f p xU fhyj; J xUKfkhfg; goq; f lidj; jP h ; j ; J vd; W e; jP h ; f ; n fhzhthW jkpofj;ij <oehl;Lf;Ff; flikg;gLj;jpa NgUgfhhp ehtyh; vd;why; mJ kpifahfhJ”. nkhopngah; g ; G f; fiyapNy <oj; j th; jiy rpwe;jth; vd;gjidAk; aho;g;ghzj; jkpo; nre;jkpo; vd;gjidAk; iggps; nkhopngah;g;G %yk; epiy ehl;b <oj;jpw;Fg; ngUk; Gfo;Njbf; nfhLj;jJ ,th; nra;j Kjw;nwhz;lhFk;. MWKf ehtyh; Kjd; Kjy; jkpofj;jpw;Fr; nrd;wJ iggps; nkhopngah;gi ; g muq;Nfw;Wtjw;fhFk;. mg;NghJ ghh;rpty; ghjphpahh; mtiuj; jk;Kld; mioj;Jr; nrd;wpUe;jhh;. ,th;fs; nrd;id gl;lzk; Nrh;ej ; NghJ mq;Fs;s kp~dhpkhh; aho;g;ghzj;jpNy jkpo;f; fy;tp Fiwthdnjd;Wk; nre;jkpo; NgRNthh; mhpah; vd;Wk; aho;g;ghzj; jkpo;g;gz;bjuhNy jpUj;jg;gl;l iggps; jkpofj;Jg; gz; b jh; Kd; d piyapy; thrpf; f g; g l; L mth; f s; gpioapy;iynad;Wk; trdeil ed;whapUf;fpwnjd;Wk; nrhy; t hh; f shapd; mr; r pw; gjpg; g pf; f yhnkd; W k; epge; j idapl; l dh; . ,jw; F ehtyh; ,zq; f Nt> mf;fhyj;jpw; nrd;idapw; rpwe;j tpj;JthdhapUe;j kfhypq; f Iahplk; nkhopngah; g ; G ghh; i tf; F xg;gilf;fg;gl;lJ. mth; iggps; KOtjidAk; gbj;J mjpw; gpioapy;iy vd;Wk; trd eil njspthfr; rpwg; G w mike; j pUf; f pd; w njd; W k; aho;g;ghzj; jkpo; nre;jkpo; vd;Wk; ghuhl;bdhh;. ,e;j muq;Nfw;wj;jpd; %yk; <oj;Jj; jkpoUf;Fj; jkpofj;jpy; kjpg;G Vw;gl;lJ. aho;g;ghzj; jkpo; nre;jkpo; vd;w ngaUk; vq;Fk; gutpaJ. ïªJ xË

9

ehty® khehL áw¥ãjœ

gpurq;fq;fs; nra;J nfhz;Lk; Guhzg; nghUs; nrhy; y pf; nfhLj; J k; ghuhl; L g; ngw; w hh; . gpd; G jUkGu MjPdj;jpYk; rpyehs; irtg; gpurq;fq;fs; nra;jhh;. ,t;thW MjPdq;fspw; irtg; gpurhuk; nra;J nrd; i d gl; l zk; mile; J 1859Mk; Mz; b y; jpUthrfk;> jpUf;Nfhitahh; vd;Dk; ,U Ehy;fisAk; ghpNrhjpj;J mth; khzhf;fuhfpa rjhrptg;gps;is NguhNy ntspapl;lhh;. mt;thz;by; NtW gy Ehy;fisAk; mr;rpl;L ntspapl;lhh;.; ehtyh; Ehy;fis moFw vt;tpjg; gpioAkpd;wpg; gjpg;gijf; fz;l ,uhkehjGur; rk];jhdj;Jg; nghd;Dr;rhkpj; Njth; ehtyiur; re;jpj;J rpy E}y;fisj; jk; nrytpy; mr;rplNtz;Lnkdf; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhh;. mt;Ntz;L NfhSf;fpzq;fpj; jpUf;Fws; ghpNkyofUiu 1860 Ig;grpapYk;> jpUf;NfhitahUiuAk; jUf;frq;fpufk; md;dg;gl;BaKk; 1861 itfhrpapYk; ntspte;jd. mk; %d;W Ehy;fSf;Fk; jpUthtLJiw MjPd kfhtpj;Jthd; kPdhl;rp Re;juk;gps;isAk; mth; khzth; jpahfuhr nrl;bahiu cs;spl;lth;fSk; rpwg;Gg; ghapuk; nra;jdh;. kPdhl;rp Re;juk;gps;is jkJ rpwg;Gg; ghapu ,Wjpapw; “fw;Wzh; GytUl; fspf; F k; Kw; W zh; MWKf ehtyNd”vd; W ghuhl;Lfpwhh;. jpahfuhrr; nrl;bahh; jhk; nrhy;ypa rpwg;Gg; ghapuj;jpy; “vd;Ds;sq; Fbnfhz;L ,Uf;F Kd;DrPuhWKf ehtyNd”vd;W kjpg;gspf;fpd;whh;. vdNt jhk; jkpofj; j pNy jq; f pa %d; W Mz;L gj;J khj fhyj;jpNy jkpo; E}y;fis ntspapl;Lj; jkpo; nkhopapidAk; rkaj;ijAk; tsh;j;Jj; jkpofj;jhiuj; jkf;Ff; flikg;ghL cilatuhf;fpdhh;;. ehtyh; gjpg;G vd;w kfpik Vw;gl;lJ. gpw;fhyj;jpNy c. Nt. rhkpehijaUf;F MWKf ehtyhpd; gjpg;Gf;fs; topfhl;bd. ehtyh; nrd;idapy; E}y;fis ntspapl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;j mf;fhyj;jpy; mthpd; njhz;bDf;F kjpg;G mspf;Fk; Kfkhf irt MjPdq;fs; ahTk; mtiu mioj;Jg; nghpa cgrhuq;fs; nra;jd. jpUkapyhg;g+hpYs;s jpUtz;zhkiy MjPdj;Jr; rpd;dg;gl;lkhfpa MWKf Njrpfh; ehtyiuj; jk; klj;jpw;F mioj;J mtuJ ,yf;fz ,yf;fpaj; jpwikiaAk; rpj;jhe;j E}Yzh;r;rpiaAk; fz;L jhk; mzpe;jpUe;j cUj;jpu rQ;rpaj;ij Qhgfg; nghUl;lhf mspj;Jr; rpwg;G nra;jhh;.mjd; gpd; jpUthtLJiw MjP d j; j py; rpy fhyk; jq; f p mq;Fk; cgrhpf;fg;gl;lhh;. mjd; gpd; jpUehiff; fhNuhzj;Jf;F te;J mq;F irtg; gpurq;fQ; nra;J cgrhpf;fg;gl;lhh;. ,t;thW MjPdq;fshy; cgrhpf;fg;gl;L tUq;fhyj;jpw; gpuGf;fs; jkpo; ehl;bYk; irtg; gpufhr tpj;jpahrhiyfs; epWt Ntz;Lnkdf; Nfl;Lf; ïªJ xË

nfhz;ldh;. mjw;fpzq;f Kjypw; rpjk;guj;jpy; xU tpj;jpahrhiy epWt vz;zpdhh;. mjd; nghUl;Lg; gyehl; rpe;jid nra;J gjpdhd;F jpl;lq;fis tpsf; f p epiwNtw; w Ntz; b a topfisAk; njhptpj;J mwpf;if ntspapl;lhh;. Mdhw; rpjk;guj;jpw; fy;tp epiyak; epWtj; jkpofj;jpw; gzk; Nru tpy;iy. ,e;epiyapy; <oehL jkpofj;jpw;F if nfhLj;JjtpaJ. gzk; jpul;Ltjw;F 1862 Mk; Mz;L gq;Fdp khjk; aho;g;ghzj;jpw;F te;jhh;. aho;gg ; hzj;jpNy ehk; epWtpa tz;zhh; gz;iz irtg; g pufhr tpj; j pahrhiyapNy rig $l; b r; rpjk;gu tpj;jpahrhiy epWTtJ gw;wp tphpj;Jf; $wpdhh; . mg; N ghJ mq; F te; j pUe; j gpuGf; f s; jq;fs; jq;fshypad;w nghUSjtp nra;jhh;fs;. njhlh;eJ ; gUj;jpj;Jiwr; rpj;jp tpehafh; NfhapypNy ,Jgw;wp gpurq;fk; nra;jhh;;. mq;Fs;s gpuGf;fs; jk;khy; ,ad;w gz cjtp nra;jdh;. mj;Jld; gUj; j pj; J iwapYk; GNyhypapYKs; s th; j ; j fh; rpyh; jq;fs; tpahghuj;jpNy rpjk;gu tpj;jpahrhiy elj;Jtjw;F kfik Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;jdh;. rpjk; g uj; j py; tpj; j pahrhiy njhlq; F k; Maj;jq;fSld; jkJ 41tJ tajpy; 1864 Mk; Mz;by; jkJ Ie;jhtJ ,e;jpag; gpuahzj;ijj; njhlq; f pdhh; . ,JNt mtuJ ,Wjpj; jkpofg; gpuahzk;. NrJ];ehdk; nra;J nfhz;L kJiuf;Fg; NghFk; topapy; ,uhkehjGuj; J f; F g; Ngha; mq; F s; s jpUthtLJiw klj; j pNy jq; f pdhh; . mq;F nghd;Dr;rhkpj; Njthpd; khpahijfisg; ngw;W kJiuf;F nrd;whh;. mq;F kPdhl;rp mk;ik rd; d pjhdj; j pNy mj; j yj; j pd; ngUikiaAk; nrhf;fypq;f %h;j;jpapd; ngUikiaAk; irt rpj;jhe;jj;jpd; cah;itAk; tphpj;Jg; gpurq;fpj;jhh;. ehtyUf;F tpg+jpg; gpurhjj;ijf; ifapw; nfhLj;Jg; ghptl;lj;ijj; jiyapNy fl;b xU khiyiaj; Njhspypl;L tho;j;jpdhh;. gpd;G mq;Fs;s klj;jpw; gpurq;fQ; rpyehl;nra;J thpir ngw;Wj; jpUtz;zhkiy MjPdj;jpw;F te;jhh;. mq;F ehtyiug; gy;yf;fpy; Vw;wp thpirfSld; gl;lzg; gpuNtrk; nra;tpj;jdh;. mq;fpUe;J jpUg;ngUe;Jiwf;Fr; nrd;W irtg; gpurq;fQ; nra;jdh;. mq;F kPdhl;rp Re;juk; gps;isapd; khzhf;fuhd ,uhkrhkpg;gps;is jpUtpisahlw; Guhzj; j pYk; td; n whz; l h; nrl; b ahh; ed; D hy; tpUj;jp ciuapYk; ghlq; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;ldh;. mjd; gpd; ,uhkrhkpg;gps;is ehtyiug; gpd; njhlh;e;jdh;. td;nwhz;lh; aho;g;ghzj;Jf;F te;J nghd;dk;gy gps;isaplKk; gbj;jhh;. jpUg; n gUe; J iwapypUe; J Gwg; g l; L g; gy jyq;fSf;FQ; nrd;W Fk;gNfhzk; te;j NghJ jpUthtLJiwr; Rg; g pukzpaNjrpfh; kP d hl; r p Re;juk;gps;isiaAk; XJthh; rpyiuAk; mthplk; 10

ehty® khehL áw¥ãjœ

mDg;gp klj;Jf;F mioj;J cgrhpj;jdh;. mq;F gpurq;fk; nra;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; fhyj;Nj kPdhl;rp Re;juk;gps;isAk; gy jk;gpuhd;khUk; tpj;Jthd;fSk; mthplk; nrd;W rpj;jhe;j Ehy;fspYk; ,yf;fz ,yf; f paq; f spYk; jkf; F s; s re; N jfq; f isg; Nghf; f pdh; . kP d hl; r p Re; j uk; g ps; i s mth; f s; ehtyhplk; ghlk; Nfl;lJkd;wp mtiuj; nja;tk; Nghyg;Nghw;wpdh; vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. MWKfehtyh; jpUthtLJiwapypUe;J rpjk;guj;Jf;Fr; nrd;W rpjk;gu tpj;jpahrhiyia epWTtjpw; nghpJk; Kad;whh;. mt;tpj;jpahrhiyf; fl;blj;Jf;F Njitahd kuq;fs; ahTk; jr;RNtiy Kw;w Kbg;gpj;J ,Ztpy; Ntq;flrhiyauhNy nfhLf; f g; g l; l d. 1864Mk; Mz; L Ig; g rpapy; tpj;jpahrhiy njhlq;fpw;W. jpy;iythoe;jzh;fs; kw;iwg; gpuhkzh;fs; <rhdrhhpah;fs; Kjypa ahthpd; gps;isfSk; mq;F fw;wdh;. fUtp Ehy;fSld; rka Ehy;fSk; gbg;gpf;fg;gl;ld. jpUthtLJiwahjPdk;> jUkGuthjPdk;> jpUtz;zhkiyahjPdk; Kjypa MjP d j; J g; gz; l hu re; e pjpfSk; Ntwplj; J r; irtg;gpuGf;fSk; ghlrhiyf;Fg; gyjlit nrd;W ghlrhiy eilngWk; Kiwapidg; ghuhl; bdh;.

MWKf ehtyh; rpy Mz;Lfs; rpjk;guj;jpYk; nrd;idapYk; jq;fpdh;. mg;nghOJ ekrpthaj; jk;gpuhd; cl;glg; gyh; mthplk; ghlq;Nfl;ldh;. nrd;idapNy jkJ ,Ug;gplj;jpw; Rf;fputhuk;NjhWk; irtg; gpurq;fk; nra;J te;jhh;. gf;fj;jpYs;s ,lq;fspYk; gpurq;fk; nra;jhh;. tpUj;njhz;il ehl;Lg;gjp Gz;zpa ghpghyd rigj; jiytuhfTk; epakpf;fg;gl;Lg; gpugyk; ngw;w ,U gpurq;fq;fs; epfo;j;jpdhh;. ,th; nrd;idapy; tho;ej ; ,e;j MW tUl fhyj;jpy; eilngw;w ,U epfo;r;rpfs; Fwpg;gplNtz;bait. rpjk;gu Myaj; jPl;~pjh;fs; rptjPl;i~ ngwhJ rpthfk epe; j h; f shapUe; j ijf; fz; L mjidg; gpurq;fk; %yk; mk;gyg;gLj;jpdhh;. jpy;iytho;

jPl~ ; pjh;fs; Nfhgq; nfhz;L vOe;jdh;. mth;fs; ML ntl;b Ntj Nts;tp elj;jj; jpl;lkpl;lijAk; Fog;gp epWj;jptpl;lhh;. mf;fhyj;jpNy ,uhkypq;f Rthkpapd; rPlhpy; xUtuhfpa jpahNfr Kjypahh; ehtyiur; ruzile; j hh; . mthpd; Ntz; L Nfhspw; f pzq; f pg; “NghypaUl;gh kWg;G” vd;w gpuge;jj;ij ntspapl;ldh;. ,uhkypq;f Rthkpfspd; $l;lj;jhUk; jPl;~pjh;fSk; xd;W Nrh;e;J rpjk;guj;jpNy 1869Mk; Mz;bw; fyfk; tpisj;jdh;. Nfhl;by; ehtyh; ,uhkypq;f Rthkpfs; kPJ khd el;l tof;Fj; njhLj;jhh;. tof;Ff;Fg; gpd; ,uhkypq;f Rthkpfs; jk;ikr; Rw;wpa $l;lj;ij tpyf;fpj; jdpikia Nkw;nfhz;lhh;. ehtyh; nrd; i dapypUe; j ,f; f hyj; j pw; gy Ehy;fis mr;rpl;L ntspapl;lhh;. %d;whk; ghyghlk; ey;y Kiwapy; ntspte;jJ. fe;jGuhz trdk;> jpUtpisahlw; Guhzk; > nghpa Guhz R+rdk; Kjypatw;iw mr;rpw; gjpg;gpj;J te;jhh;. ,yf;fz tpsf;f R+whtsp> njhy;fhg;gpar; R+j;jpu tpUj;jp> ,yf; f z nfhj; J Mfpatw; i w Rg; g pukzpa NjrpfuJ fl;lisg;gb ghpNrhjpj;J ntspapl;lhh;. rp.it.jhNkhjuk;gps;is Nrdhtiuaj;ij ehtyiuf; nfhz;L ghpNrhjpg;gpj;J 1868 ,y; ntspapl;lhh;. ,t;thW jkpofj;jpNy aho;g;ghzj; jkpo; nre;jkpo; vd;W epiyehl;bAk; ehtyh; vd;w gl;lj;ijg; ngw;Wk; irtg; gpurq;fkhhp nghope;J irtg; gapiu tsh;j;Jk;> irt MjPdq;fspw; gyUf;Fr; rka mwpTk; jkpowpTk; Cl;bAk;> mt;thjPdq;fisr; irtg;gzpapYk; jkpo;j; njhz;bYk; top elj;jpAk; rptepe;jidiaAk; Nghypf; nfhs;iffisAk; ePff ; pAk; rpjk;gu irt tpj;jpahrhiy %yk; jkpo;f; fy;tpiar; rka mbg;gilapy; tsh;j;Jk; ehtyh; gjpg;G vd;W vtUk; kjpg;Gf; nfhLf;ff; $ba Kiwapy; Ehy;fis gpuRhpj;Jk; jkpofj;ij <oehl;bw;Ff; flikg;gLj;jpapUf;fpd;whh; aho;g;ghzj;J ey;Yhh; MWKfehtyh;.

(ed;wp : ehtyh; khehL tpoh kyh; - 1969)

rpjk;guj;jpYs;s MWKf ehtyh; cUtr;rpiy ïªJ xË

rpjk;guj;jpYs;s Gz;zpa ehr;rpahh; klk; 11

ehty® khehL áw¥ãjœ

irtf; fy;tpg; ghuk;ghpaj;Jf;F tpj;jpl;lth;

md;idAk; gpjhTkhd ehtyh; ngUkhd;

me;jf; fhyj;jpy; ghlrhiy vd fl;Lf; Nfhg; G fpilahj NghJ ek;kth; fy;tp

MWKf ehtyh; jkpo;g; gps;isfSf;F md;idahAk; gpjhthAk; ,Uf;fpwhh;. jkpo; mwpit tsur; nra;jyhy; mth; ekf;nfy;yhk; md;id: rka mwpit tsur; nra;jyhy; mth; gpjh. md;idAk; gpjhTkhd ehtyh; ngUkhid ehk; kwf;fyhfhJ. ehtyh; rhpj;jpuj;ij ehq;fs; gbf;f Ntz;Lk;. ehtyh; ngUkhd; je;j nghpa Guhz trdk; rka gf;jpia tsh;f;Fk; xU gz;lrhiy. me;j gz;lrhiyapy; gpuNtrpg;gjw;F ehtyh; rhpj;jpuk; cgfhukhapUf;Fk;.

Nfs;tpfspy; rpwe;J tpsq;ff; fhuzkhapUe;jJ xU ghuk;ghpak;. mJNt ekJ irtf; fy;tpg; ghuk;ghpakhFk;. mJ nghpath;fisad;wp mlf;fnthLf;fkhf xOfp mthplk; tud;Kiwahf vy;yhtw;iwAk; fw;wwpjyhFk;. <oj;jpYk; jkpo; ehl;bYk; irtf; fy;tp kWkyh;r;rpapd; xsptpsf;fhfj; jpfo;e;jth;fSs; ehaf kzpahf tpsq;fpath; ey;Yhh; =y= MWKf ehtyh; mth;fshth;. irtg;Gyth; f.rp.Fyuj;jpdk;. (ed;wp:- rptj;jkpo; Muha;r;rpf; fl;Liufs;-1985)

-gz;bjkzp rp.fzgjpg;gps;is

ehtyh; tpUJ

ehtyhpd; fQ;rpj; njhl;bj; jUkk;

jpUthtLJiw MjPdk; kpfTk; gpurpj;jkhdJ. kpfTk; Mw;wYilath;fSf;Nf MjPdk; md;iwa ehspy; gl;lk; toq;fpte;jJ. MWKfehtyUf;F ‘ehtyh;’ vd;w tpUijf; nfhLj;J xg;Gah;tw;w cah; nfsutj;ij toq;fpa tuyhW kfj;jhdJ. 1849 Mb khjj;jpy; Ehy;fis mr;rpLtjw;Fhpa mr;rpae;jpuk; thq;Ftjw;fhf ,e;jpag; gazk; Nkw;nfhz;lhh;. mg;NghJ jpUthtLJiw MjPdj;jpw;F nrd;wpUe;j NghJ mtuJ irtg; gpurq;fj;ijf; Nfl;l MjPdj;jpdh;> ,tuJ thf;Ftd;ikiaf; Fwpj;J kpf kfpo;e;J rpwg;Gg; gl;lj;ij #l;bdhh;fs; vd;gJ tuyhW.

grp te;jhy; gj;Jk; gwe;J NghFk; vd;ghh;fs;. kio ,d;ikahy; Vw;gl;l tul;rp fhuzkhf the;jpNgjp NehapdhYk;> gl;bdpr; rhtpdhYk; kf;fs; Jbj;j Ntisapy;> mth;fspd; grpiag; Nghf;Ftjw;F ehtyh; nra;j njhz;L kwf;f KbahjJ. 1876-77Mk; fhyg; gFjpapy; aho;g;ghzj;jpy; Vw;gl;l mj;jifa mtyepiyapd; NghJ ‘fQ;rpj; njhl;bj; jUkk;’ vd;w Nritia mwpKfk; nra;J> grpahy; thbath;fis MWjy; gLj;j ,g;ngUkfdhh; nra;j njhz;L Nghw;Wjw;FhpaJ.

rpjk;guj;J jPl;rpjUf;F fz;ldk;. “jpy;iytho; me;jzh; jk; mbahh;f;Fk; mbNad;” vd;W irt cyfk; rpjk;guj;J jPl;rpjh;fis gy Ehw;whz;Lfshf tho;j;JfpwJ. ghuj kz;zpy; irt kf;fspd; cd;dj jpUf;Nfhapyhf tpsq;Fk; rpjk;guj;ij jhprpj;j ehtyh; ngUkhdpd; cs;sk; mOjJ. jPl;rpjh;fspd; Mrhukw;w epiyiaAk;> me;jzr; rpWth;fs; ghlrhiyg; gbg;gpd;wp> gf;Ftkpd;wp iw Guhz K tho;tijAk; fz;lhh;. “MrhuKk; xOq;Fkpd;wp ePtph; rPuopaf; $lhJ. ld fy;tpahYk;> xOf;fj;jhYk;> rptg+ir Nkd;ikahYk; cyFf;F xspnfhLf;f g gldk; vd;gJ Ntz;Lk;” vd rpjk;guj;J rpthr;rhhpahh;fSf;F mwpTiu $Wk; z h xUth; thrpf;f tifapyhd gpuRuq;fis jhd; thq;fpa mr;rpae;jpuj;jpd; Clhf Gu w ; kw;nwhUth; gad; nrhy;Yk; ntspapl;lhh;. ,jd; %yk; my;yy;gl;l NghjpYk; mQ;rhJ jd; w g n gzpia njhlh;e;jth; ehtyh;. gpuRuf; fz;ldj;Jld; KiwahFk;. ,J <oehl;bw;Nf Fwpg;ghf y i p Xa;e;JtplhJ rpjk;guj;J tPjpapy; 1864Mk; aho;g;ghzj;jpw;F chpa rpwg;G KiwahFk;. h;e Mz;L irt tpj;jpahrhiynahd;iw epWtp> a c ehtyh; fhyj;jpNy Guhz gldk; cah;epiy ngw;W rpjk;guj;J Rw;whliy mwpT epiy y; h Mf;Ftjw;F ngUKaw;rpnaLj;j hd ,d;Wk; Myaq;fspNy eilngw;W tUfpd;wJ.ehtyh; Guhz k ,g;ngUkfdhiu itafk; U gldk; nra;tNjhL epd;W tplhJ jkJ khzt guk;giuapdUf;Fk; vd;nwd;Wk; Nghw;wpj; ; ng h ,k;Kiwapid ed;F gapw;Wtpj;J Guhz gld Kiwia y Jjpf;Fk;. t h Nkd;ikailar; nra;jhh;. ,tuJ Guhz gldk; e ey;Yhhpy; jhd; Muk;gkhdJ. ïªJ xË

12

ehty® khehL áw¥ãjœ

ÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙ

ehtyhpd; jPh;f;fjhprdKk; irtg;gzpAk;; jpUkjp. ehr;rpahh; nry;tehafk;> rpNu\;l tphpTiuahsh;> ,e;Jehfhpfj;Jiw> aho;g;ghzg; gy;fiyf;fofk;. ÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙ

irtj;jpd; khz;G

nkhopeilapYk; mika Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; mjw;fhd nraw;ghLfisAk; nra;jtH. jdpnahU kdpjdhf jd; jhHkPf tho;f;ifapy; Md;k xsp ngw;W> me;j Mj;kPf gyj;jhy; nraw;fhpa njhz;ilr; nra;jtNu ehtyH. rpj;jRj;jp cs;s kdpjHfsplk; jPHf;f jhprdk; cz;L. rpj;jk; J}a;ik ngw;w rpj;jk; mofpa ehtyH ngUkhd; irtnewpapd; caHit czHe;J jkpo; kf;fs; irt newpapidg; Ngzp tho; t jw; F jkpiof; fUtpahf; f p cgfhpj; j tH. cd;djkhd kdpjtho;T vd;gJ rka topapy; epd;W ngwg;gLtJ vd;gJ mUshsHfspd; mDgt rpj;jhe;jk;. ehtyH ngUkhd; ehs;NjhWk; irtrka topapy; xOfpaikapdhy; rptdpd; ngUq;fUizf;F chpj;jhfp Md;k Nghjk; ngw;W cs;nshspapy; irtrka cz;ikfis mwpe;J czHe;J nraw;gl;L “ahd; ngw;w ,d;gk; ngWf ,t;itafk;” vd;Dk; Gdpj thf;fpw;F mika tho;e;J fhl;bath;.

ir

tkhk; rkak; rhUk; Co; ngwy; mhpJ. irtk; rptk; rk;ge;jkhdJ. rptk; vd;gJ md;gpd; g+uzj; J tk; . NguUSk; ngUq; f Uizj; j pwKk; nfhz;l rptk; cyFapHfs; midj;jpYk; mj;Jtpjg;gl;L ePf;fkw epiwe;jpUg;gJ. mj;jifa rptj;ij md;gpdhy; mile;J epj;jpa ,d;gj;ij mDgtpg; g jw; F itaj; J s; tho; t hq; F tho topfhl; L k; xspnewpNa irtk; . vdNt irtk; vd;gJ md;Gnewp. kdpjHfSf;F Md;kPf xsp md;gpdhyd;wp fpilg;gjpy;iy vd;gijNa irtnewp vLj;J tpsf;Ffpd;wJ. cyFapHfs; midj;jpYk; md;G nra;J KOik ngwNy rptkhjy; vd;gij jpUke;jpuk; Nky;tUkhW Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. “md;Gk; rptKk; ,uz;nld;gh; mwptpyhh; md;Ng rptkhtjhUk; mwpfpyhh; md;Ng rptkhtjhUk; mwpe;jgpd; md;Ng rptkha; mkh;e;jpUe;jhNu”

ehtyUk; irtg;gzpAk; jPHf;fjhprpahd ehtyH irtkf;fspd; tho;T tsk;ngWtjw;F fy;tpapd; mtrpag;ghl;il fz;L czHe;J mjd; nghUl;L ,ytrf;fy;tp> jha;nkhopf; fy;tp> rkaf;fy;tp vd;w epiyapy; kdpjg; gz;ghl;il NgZk; tifapy; fy;tpr; nraw;ghl;il tFj;Jr; nraw; g l; l hH. vf; f hyj; j pYk; tpj; j pahjhdNk rpwe;jJÉ tpj;jpahjhdj;jpw;Fr; rkkhfpa jUkk; ahnjhd;Wkpy;iyÉ fy;tp vd;gJ tpsf;Nfw;wy;. ,JNt ehtyH mtHfsJ kuG topg;gl;l fy;tpr; rpe;jid. ehtyH fhyj;jpy; ,e;jpahtpYk; ,yq;ifapYk; ,Ue;j gs;spf;$lq;fs; vy;yhk; khztHfsplk; rk;gsk; thq;fp fy;tp fw;gpf;Fk; ,lq;fshfNt fhzg;gl;ld. mf;fhyj;jpy; vy;NyhhplKk; gztrjp ,y;iy. vy;NyhUk; fw;gjw;F tha;gg ; spf;f Ntz;Lk;. vdNt Ntjdk; ngwhJ fw;gpg;gJ cj;jNkhj;jkkhd jHkk; vd;gij Kjypy; rpe;jpj;J nraw;gLj;jpa ngUikf;FhpatH ehtyNu. ,ytrf; fy;tp %yk; rka cz; i kfis mwpaTk; > kf; f s; r%fg; nghUshjhu murpay; epiyapy; cd;djk; ngwTk; nraw;gLj;jpa Kjd;ikf;F chpatUk; jPHf;fjhprpAk; ehtyNu. NkYk; ve; j khztDf; F k; fy; t p mwpT Cl;Ltjw;F mtDila jha;nkhopNa kpfr;rpwe;jJ

,j; j ifa rptndwp> xspnewp> gpugQ; r cz; i kia md; G topapy; fz; l Qhdpfshy; mUshsHfshy; vLj;Jr;nrhy;yg;gl;lJ. vdNt irtk; gpugQ;r xOf;fk; gw;wpaJ. mJ vd;WKs;s gpugQ;r mirtpaf;fj;jpw;F %yfhuzkhd jHkj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lJ. vdNt ,J gpugQ;rk; rhHe;j kjk;. ,jw;F Qhdpfspd; mUs; czHtpy; ntspg;gl;l Ntjq;fSk; Mfkq;fSk; %yE}yhfTk;> rpwg;G E} yhfTk; miktNjhL khj;jpuky;yhky; Guhzq;fs; fijtbtpy; cz; i kfis tpsf; F tdthfTk; > tlnkhopapy; mike;Js;sJ. mjw;F jkpo; Ntjq;fs; vd; W nrhy; y g; g Lk; jpUKiwfSk; > rpj; j he; j rhj; j puq; f s; vd; W nrhy; y g; g Lk; gjpd; e hd; F nka; f z; l rhj; j puq; f Sk; jkpo; g ; Guhzq; f Sk; Njhj;jpug; ghly;fSk; mzpnra;fpd;wd.

ehtyhpd; jPh;f;f jhprdk; rPH nghUe;jpa jpUnewpahk; irtnewpapw; gpwe;J mt;nthsp newp gw;wpa gpuf;iQ mw;wpUe;j kf;fSf;F mjd; cz;ik epiyia czHj;Jtjw;F jd; cly; cs Md;kPf tsj;ij gad;gLj;jpa cj;jk rhd;NwhNd ehtyH ngUkhd;. rka cz;ikia mwptjw; F rka E}y; f spd; mtrpag; g hl; i l czHe;jNjhL mJ kf;fshy; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;Sk; ïªJ xË

13

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ehtyhpd; rkag; g zpapy; gpurq; f k; > kpf Kf;fpaj;JtKilaJ. gpurq;f Kiwiaj; jkpopy; rka Nehf;NfhL mwpKfg;gLj;jpatHfs; fpwp];jtg; ghjphpkhHfs;. ,g; gpurq;f Kiwia irtrka cz;ikiaf; $Wk; tifapy; gad; g Lj; j p kf; f isr; irtj; j pd; g hy; <Hf; f r; nra;jtH ehtyH. Myaj;jpYk; ghlrhiyfspYk; ehtyH rptg;nghypTld; tpsq;fp irtHfs; irt cz; i kfisAk; rpwg; i gAk; mwpAk; t ifapy; gpurq;fpj;jik Fwpg;gplj;jf;fnjhd;whFk;.

NkYk; Guhzgldk; <oehl;by; ehtyH fhyj;jpw;F Kd;gpUe;Nj Ngzg;gl;L te;j rptjUkr; nrayhFk;. ,k;Kiwapy; Guhzk; xd;wpd; %yg;gFjp thrpf; f g; g l; L mjd; fUj; J Nfl; g tHfSf; F XirAld; tpsf;fg;gLk;. ehtyH Guhz gldj;jpw;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;jikapdhy; mJ gpw;fhyj;jpy; caHepiy ngwyhapw;W. ehtyH ngUkhd; irtrkaj;jpd; cz;ikia tpsf;fTk; fpwp];jt kjj;jpdhpd; irtk; gw;wpa fz;ldq;fSf;F tpilaspf;fTk; RNjrpa irtHfSf;F vjpuhfTk; njhLj;j fz;ldq;fSk; mthpd; irtk; gw;wpa ,yf;fpa jHf;f hPjpahd mwpitf; fhl;LtNjhL> irtj;jpy; mwptpay; hPjpahd jHf;ff; fUj;Jf;fs; cz;nld;gij tpsf;Ffpd;wJ. ehtyhpd; njhz;L irtj;jpid gy tifapy; muz; nra;jJ. rpwe;j jkpo; mwpQuhfTk;> fy;tp khdhfTk; ey; y hrphpadhfTk; > rkag; gpurhu fuhfTk;> Guhzgld tpj;jfuhfTk;> gy E}y;fspd; MrphpauhfTk; mhpa E}y;fis gpioawg; ghpNrhjpj;J ntspg; g Lj; j patuhfTk; jkpo; cyFf; F Gjpa ciueil kuigj; Njhw;Wtpj;jtuhfTk; jkpopy; vOe;j ghlE}y;fSf;F topfhl;bahfTk; ,d;Dk; gy rhjidfisg; Ghpe;J Nkd;iknfhs; irtePjp cynfyhk; tpsq;fj; njhz;lhw;wpj; jdf;nfd irt tuyhw;wpy; jdpaplj;ijg; ngWgtH ehtyH. ehtyH guk;giu vd;W $wg;gLk; mstpw;F NeubahfTk; ehtyH tpj;jpahrhiyapYk; fw;w ePzl ; gl;baYila khztH guk;giu irtj;ijAk; mjd; fUtpahfpa jkpioAk; fhf;Fk; gzpapy; ,d;Wk; njhz;lhw;wp tUfpd;wik Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. jdJ ,dj;jhuhYk; md;dpauhYk; ,Lf;fz;fSk;> jilfSk; Vw;gl;lNghJk; jdJ irtk; tsHf;Fk; gzpiaf; iftplhJ mauhJ mQ;rh neQ;Rld; mij ,yl;rpakhff; nfhz;L gzpGhpe;j cj;jkuhf ehtyH Nghw;wg;gLfpd;whH. gioa jkpo;f; fy;tpKiwapd; rpwe;j jd;ikfSk; etP d Mq; f pyf; fy; t papd; ey; y jd; i kfSk; ,ize;jnjhU fy;tp Kiwia irt tsHr;rpf;fhf Mf;fpf; nfhz;ltH ehtyH. irtk; fhyj;jpdhy; mope;JtplhJ epiyj;J epw;gjw;F mauhJ cioj;j jPHf;fjhprp aho;g;ghzj;J =y= MWKfehtyH ngUkhd; md;Nwh!

vd;gNj gy ehLfspYKs;s fy;tpahsHfspdJk; csjj;Jt epGzHfspdJk; KbT. ,j;jifa Kbit ,tHfs; gyfhy Muha;r;rpfs;> mDgtq;fs; %yk; ngw;Wf;nfhz;ldH. ehtyH ngUkhd; jd;Dila rka tho;tpy; jha;nkhopf; fy;tpapd; mtrpag;ghl;ilf; fz;LzHe;J mjw; F nray; t btk; nfhLj; jtH. ehtyH fhyj;jpy; Nkiyehl;lthpd; jhf;fj;jpdhy; Kf;fpakhd ghlrhiyfs; ahTk; Mq;fpyj;ijNa Nghjdhnkhopahff; nfhz;lit. ehtyUk; jd; caH fy; t pia mj; j ifa ghlrhiyapNyNa fw;wtH. ehtyH kw;wtHfs; jd;id kjpf;fNtz;Lk; vd;w vz;zk; cilatH my;yH. “Nkd;iknfhs; irtePjp tpsq;Ff cyfnky;yhk;” vd;w caH ,yl;rpaj;Jf;fhf cioj;jtH. vdNt jha;nkhopapd; %yNk xUtH cz;ikahd fy;tpiag; ngwKbAk; vd;W fz;LzHe;J 1848Mk; Mz;L aho;g;ghzj;jpy; tz;zhHgz;izapy; irtg;gpufhr tpj;jpahrhiyia epWtpdhH. mJ khj; j puky; yhky; ghlrhiyapy; khztHfSf;Ff; fw;gpf;fj; jpl;kpl;l ghlq;fSs; g+Nfhsk;> itj;jpak;> Nrhjplk;> Ntshz;ik> thzpfk;> mureP j p> rpw; g k; Nghd; w tw; i w cs; s lf; f pdhH. cyf mwpT ,y;yhjtd; cz;ikahd kdpjdhf ,Uf;f KbahJ. vdNt cyf mwpT rk;ge;jkhd ghlj;jpl;lq;fisAk; ghlrhiyf; fy;tpj;jpl;lj;jpy; Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;jhH. irtf; Foe;ijapd; fy;tp irtr; #o;epiyapy; epfo Ntz;Lk; vd;w cz;ikia czHe;jpUe;jtH ehtyH. ,f;fy;tp chpa Kiwapy; ,lk;ngWtjw;F Nghjpa ghlE}y;> ghlrhiy> cj;jk irtj;jkpo; MrphpaH vd;gd mtrpakhdit vd;gij czHe;jpUe;j jP H f; f jhprp ehtyH. ,tH rkaghl E}y; f is cUthf;fpdhH. irtj;jkpo; ghlrhiyia cUthf;fp NkYk; gy ghlrhiyfs; cUthf rkag;nghpNahHfs; rka MHtyHfs; %ykhf Ntz; b a gzpfis Nkw;nfhz;lhH. ehtyUf;Fg;gpd; ey;y irtf; fy;Y} hpfis epWt ehtyhpd; rpe;jidNa topfhl;baJ. cj; j k irthr; r hhpahHfis cUthFtjw; F Njitahd irthrphpaH fyhrhiy cUthFtjw;Fk; ehtyhpd; rpe;jidNa topfhl;baJ. rka ghlq;fisj; jhNd fw;gpj;jhH. fw;gpf;Fk; KiwiaAk; fhl;bf; nfhLj;jhH. ,jdhy; rpwe;j irtj;jkpo; MrphpaH guk; g iu xd; W aho; g ; g hzj; j py; cUthfpaJ khj;jpuky;yhky; ,j;jifa njhz;il jkpo; ehl;bYk; nra; a ehtyH eltbf; i ffis vLj; j ikAk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. fy;tpapd; gad; mwpT> mwptpd; gad; xOf;fk; vd;w ts;Sthpd; rpe;jidf;nfhg;g mwnthOf;fk; xd;Nw kdpjidj; nja;tkhf;FtJ vd;w tifapy; ehtyhpd; fy; t pg; g zp irtk; rhHe; j gpugQ; r mwnthOf;f tpOkpaq;fisg; NgZk; tifapy; mike;jjhFk;. ïªJ xË

14

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,e;J rPu;jpUj;jf;fhuu;” vd;W Nru; nghd;dk;gyk; ,uhkehjd; mtu;fshy; Nghw;wpg; ghuhl; l g; g l; l ngUikf; F upatu; MWKfehtyu; mtu;fs;. jkpo;nkhopf;Fk;> ,e;J rkaj;jpw;Fk; jdJ gy;NtW nraw;ghLfspd; %yk; vOr;rpAk;> ngUikAk; Nru;j;jtu; vd;gJld; kl;Lkd;wp> ,yq;iftho; jkpo; kf;fsJ gz;ila ghuk;gupa ,Ug;ig tuyhw;W uPjpapy; cWjpg;gLj;jTk;> murpay; jiytu;fis Neupa topapy; nraw;gl;L kf;fSf;Fj; njhz;lhw;wTk; ehtyu; ngUkhd; ghLgl;lhu;. mjd; gaid rKjhak; ngw;Wg; ngUikAk; nfhz;lJ. aho;gg ; hzk; ey;Y}upNy fe;jg;gpsi ; s rptfhkpak;ik jk; g jpf; F g; Gj; j pudhfg; gpwe; j MWKfj; j pw; F ehtyu; vd;w gl;lj;ijj; jkpo;ehL jpUthtLJiw MjPdk; toq;fpf; nfsutpj;jJ. md;W njhl;L mtu; MWKfehtyu; vd;W miof;fg;glyhdhu;. fly; fle;J jkpo; kf;fs; thOk; ehLfspYk; ehtyu; ngUkhd; ngUikngw;wjd; %yk; ,yq;ifj; jkpo; ehLk; ngUikngw top Nfhyg;gl;lJ. xU r%fj;jpd; capu; ehbahaiktJ nkhop. nkhopapd; N wy; rpe; j idapy; i y> Ngr; r py; i y. kdpjdpd; MwhtJ mwpthd gFj; j wpitg; gad;gLj;Jk; rhjdkhf tpsq;FtJ nkhopNa. mjpYk; gf;jpnkhopnad;w ngUikAld; Nghw;wg;gLk; Mjp Kjy;nkhopahk; ek; jha;nkhopahd jkpo;nkhopawpit Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf ,ytr tFg;Gf;fis elj;jp jkpo; nkhop Mu;tj;ij Vw;gLj;jpdhu;. mj;Jld; rk;gpujha rlq;Ffs; kl;LNk rkak; vd;W vz;zpr; nraw;gl;l kf;fsplj;jpy; rka jj;Jtq;fis njspthf vLj;Jiuj;J rka ek;gpf;ifiaAk;> mjd; %yk; rka kWkyu;r;rpiaAk; Vw;gLj;jpdhu; ehtyu;. ,jd;nghUl;L rkag; gpurhufu;fisg; gapw;Wtpf;Fk; jpl;lk; tFj;J nraw;gLj;jpdhu;. ehtyu; md;W njhlq; f pa Fwpj; j jpl; l j; j pd; Njit ,d; W k; czug;gLfpd;wJ. aho;. kj;jpa fy;Y}upapy; Mrpupauhfg; gzpahw;wpa MWKfehtyu; Ngu;rpty; ghjpupahupd; Ntz;LNfhis Vw;W iggpisj; jkpo; nkhopapy; nkhop ngau;j;jhu;. mg;gzpia Mw;wpajd; %yk; fpwp];jt rkak; njhlu; g hd G+uz mwpitg; ngWk; tha; g ; i gg; ngw;whu;. gy rka mwpitg; ngw;wjd; %yk; irtrkak; njhlu;ghf me;epa rkaj;jtu;fshy; jtwhfTk;> ïªJ xË

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gupfhuk;> epUrdk; Kjypa fz;ld Mf;fq;fis ,jd;nghUl;L ntspapl;lhu;. rKfg; gpur; r pidfs; njhlu; g pYk; murpay; epiyikfs; njhlu;gpYk; ehtyu; ngUkhd; ftdk; nrYj;jpf; fUj;Jf;fs; ntspapl;Ls;shu;. mit fl;LiufshfTk;> fz;ldq;fshfTk; ntspaplg;gl;ld. mit njhFf;fg;gl;L “ehtyu; gpuge;jk;” vd;w ngaupy; ntspte;jd. rka eyDf;Fk;> Nkk;ghl;Lf;Fk; kl;Lkd;wp fy;tp> nkhop> r%f> murpay; eyd;fSf;fhfTk; cioj;jtu; MWKfehtyu;. ,it ahtw;wpw;Fk; Nkyhf MWKfehtyUf;Fr; rpwg; G r; Nru; g ; g J ,yq; i fapy; ,e; J f; f sJk; > jkpou;fsJk; njhd;ik tuyhw;iwAk;> gz;ila ,Ug;gpd; rpwg;igAk; ntspf;nfhz;Lte;j mtupd; ghupagzpNa vd;gij kwe;Jtpl KbahJ. xU ,dj;jpd;> rkaj;jpd;> nkhopapd; gz;ila tuyhw;iw cWjpg;gLj;Jk; rhd;Wfs; kpfg;ngWkjp tha; e ; j it. me; j topapNy ehtyu; ngUkhd; ,yq;ifapy; Ntnwe;j rkaKk; cl;GfhjJ kl;Lky;y cyfpy; Ntnwe;j rkaf; fUj;Jf;fSk; fUf;fl;lhj fhyj;jpy; rpwg;Gld; tpsq;fpa gQ;Nr];tuq;fs; Ie;jpy; ,uz;lhfpa (Njthug;ghly; ngw;w jpUj;jyq;fshd jpUf;NfhNz];tuk;> jpUf;NfjP];tuk;) vd;gd kPsTk; ntspAyfj;jpw;Fj; njupar; nra;jtu; vd;w rpwg;Gf;Fk; cupj; J ilahfpd; w hu; É Nghw; w g; g Lk; jd; i kiag; ngWfpd;whu;. “aho;g;ghzr; irtepiy” vd;w gpuRuj;jpy; mtu; gpd;tUkhW kf;fisj; njspTgLj;jpAs;shu;. “irt rkapfNs! Njthuk; ngw;w rptj;jyq;fs; ,uz;L ,t; t pyq; i fapYs; s d. mitfSnyhd; w hfpa jpUNfhzkiyf; F r; rk; g e; j %u; j ; j p ehadhupd; jpUg;gjpfk; xd;Ws;sJ. kw;nwhd;whfpa jpUf; N fjP ] ; t uj; J f; F Re; j u%u; j ; j p ehadhu; jpUg;gjpfnkhd;Wk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ” vd;Wk;. “kd;dhUf;Fr; rkPgj;jpy; khe;Njhl;lj;jpNy jpUf;NfjP];tuk; vd;w Njd; nghe;J xd;W cs;sJ. mq;F kUe;J xd;W kiwe;jpUf;fpd;wJ. mijr; nrd;wilAq;fs;” vd;Wk; $wpAs;shu;. tuyhw;Wf; fhyj;jpw;F Kw;gl;l Guhz> ,jpfhrfhy gok;ngUk; rpthyaq;fs; ,uz;Lk; kPnsOr;rp ngw;W ,yq;iftho; ,e;Jf;fspd; gz;ila ngUikia cyfpw; F ntspg; g Lj; j ehtyu; Mw; w pa gzp kfj;jhdJ. MWKfehtyu; ngUkhd; rkak;> nkhop> fy;tp> r%fk;> murpay;> tuyhW vd;W rfy JiwfspYk; ftdk; nrYj;jpj; jkpo; ,e;J kf;fsJ neQ;rpNy epue;ju ,lk; ngw;Wtpl;lhu;. J}a rpe;jidAld; jd; tho;it rKjha Nehf;fpy; mu;g;gzpj;Jr; nraw;gl;l ehtyu; ngUkhd; itaj;Js; tho;thq;F tho;e;jjd; gadhf ,d;W thDiwAk; nja;tkhfg; Nghw;wg;gLk; Ngw;iwg; ngw;Ws;shu;. ïªJ xË

ey;Yhh; MWKfehtydhh; Rthkp tpGyhde;jh; ÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙ

njh

y;ypay; tOthr; irtEhw; Gyth; Jhnewpj; jkpOiu ahsh;

ey;ypaw; Gyth; ,irjUk; Gyth; ehlf etpw;wpa Gyth;

nrhy;ypaw; nwhifEhy; thdEhy; jUf;fk; NjhkW fzpjEhy; Kjyhk;

gy;fiyg; Gyth;f;F ciwtpl khfpg; gue;jpir naa;Jk;aho;g; ghzk;

Mhpah; Mop Nte;jnud; wtdp Gfo;e;Jiu mspf;fey; Yhhpw;

rPhpa nrq;Nfhy; nrYj;jpa Nte;jh; nrd;wgpd; irtepe; jidnra;

G+hpah; Ml;rp Gf;fJ fz;L nghwhJGz; zpaj;jpir ele;j

Nehpay; Qhd tpsf;nfD Kdptd; epiwGfo; kuGNkk; glNt!

jpy;iytho; $j;jd; jpUtU SUthk; rPh;r;rpt fhkRe; jhpahh;

vy;iyapy; fUizf; nfhs;fy kha vopw;rpt fhkpahh; tapw;wpy;

ey;iytho; fe;jd; mUspdhy; ey;iyf; fe;jh;jk; jtg;ga dhf

tpy;iyNeh; Ejyhh; fz;tiyg; glhj nka;j;jtd; kfntd cjpj;jhd;.

Fye;jU nry;td; mWKfg; ngaUk; Nfhjpy;rPh; xOf;fKk; kUtp

eye;jU fy;tp Nfs;tpahy; epiwe;J ew;wkpo; tlnkhop Flghy;

epye;jU kd;dh; nkhopapit Azh;e;J ePLrPh; KUfNd nad;d

mye;jth;f; Fjtp epide;jJ Kbf;Fk; Mw;wYk; ngw;Wah; tile;jhd;!

jd;dpay; Gzuj; jiytd jpay;G rhw;wpa irtEhy; gyTk;

kpd;dpay; rilahh; mUspdhy; mr;rpy; NkTjy; eynkdj; Jzpe;J

gd;dy kpFe;j nrd;idkh efh;f;Fg; glh;ju ntz;zpehd; kiwfs;

Jd;dpepd; Nwj;Je; njhy;gjp njhOJ njhiytpy;rPh; MtL Jiwapy; 16

ehty® khehL áw¥ãjœ

ghtyh; Nghw;Wk; QhdNj rpfiug; gzpe;jt uhizapd; tz;zk;

G+tyh; nfhd;iw Gide;jth; Gfiog; GykpF kwpth; $l;Lz;zf;

fhtyh; tpag;g ciuj;jply; Nfl;Lf; fUiz$h; Njrpfh; ,th;f;F

ehty nuDk;Ngh; jFnkd mspj;jhh; Qhyj;jhh; jFe;jFk; vd;d

nrhy;Yjy; ty;yhd; Nrhh;tpyd; mQ;rhd; JzpTnfhs; rpe;ijahd; mtid

nty;Yjy; ahh;f;Fk; mhpnjd ciuj;j nka;k;kiwg; nghUl;fpyf; fhfp

ey;iyap Yjpj;j ehtyh; ngUkhd; eye;jpfo; nrd;idkh efhpd;

vy;iyia ez;zp ,aw;fiy gug;Gk; ,ae;jpuk; thq;fpa gpd;dh;

ey;Y}hpapy; ehtyh; gpwe;j tstpy; ,g;NghJ ehtyu; fyhr;rhu k;zlk;

fUizNa AUthq; fz;Zjw; ngUkhd; foypidg; gjpe;j Ts;sj;jhh;

mUizkhy; tiuapd; rhuypw; rpd;dhs; mkh;e;jdh; jpUklj; jjpgh;

nghUzpiw jkpod; Gyj;Jiw Kw;Wk; Gz;zpah; jftpid naz;zpj;

njUzpiw AuNtha; <z;L eP itfr; rpe;ij nra; jply;eyk; vd;whh;.

kd;DkP oj;ij aile;Jnjhz; lhw;wp khkiwf; fhl;bid Nktpj;

njhd;dyj; Jiwir jUikak; gjpapw; nwhiftphp Aiugy etpw;wp

Kd;dNk opirahw; nrOe;jkpo; tsh;j;j Kjy;tiug; gae;jrP fhop

vd;Dkh efhpy; ,iwth;jhs; njhOjhh; ,d;wkpo; tsh;j;jeh tydhh;.

jk;ik aPd;nwLj;j ahopay; ehl;bw; irtkhQ; rkaKk; Gyth;

nrk;ikNr Usj;jpw; nghype;jKj; jkpOk; rPUwg; gzpgy Ghpjy;

,k;ikapw; gpwtpf; fpiae;jkh jtnkd; nwz;zpNa tpilngw;W kPz;lhh;

vk;ikAk; gae;j <okh ehl;bd; ,izapyhg; ngUepjp aidahh;

ciuAzh; tpwe;j jdpKjy; fUiz cUTnfhz; Lynfy;yhk; gae;j

tiukfs; ctif tpopapdhw; gUf khjth; tho;j;njhyp naLg;gg;

giuAU tha khkzp kd;Wl; gjQ;ryp ahJepd; whLk;

tpiufko; nfhd;iwj; jhhpdh uhly; tpUk;gpte; jkuUk; gzpthh;;

fbfko; nfhd;iwj; jhhpdhh; mofpw; fhjYw; WUFnka; ad;gh;

tbapiy Ntw;f zuk;igah; thpDk; kjpj;jplh uhjypd; tpjpj;j

gbapdpw; Wha newpGf epide;J gbfypq; fj;jpdpw; wiytd;

JbkOf; fuQ;Nrh; Re;ju tbitj;

njhOjpl vz;zpa JhNahh;

mj;jpw kha jpy;iyak; gjpapy; Mfk msitahw; rike;j

tpj;jff; Nfhapw; NfhGuq; fz;lhh; tpopfzPh; ngUfnka;k; kwe;jhh;

gj;jh;rPh; guTk; ey;iyeh tydhh; ghhpdpw; gd;Kiw tpOe;jhh;

mj;jNu nad;whh; mk;ikNa nad;whh; Mbdhh; ghbdhh; md;ghy;.

ez;zpzh; tpidfs; eypTw mUSk; ehtye; jPtpid aile;J

Gz;zpae; jpuz;l cUtpay; Qhd Nghjfh rphpaidj; njhOJ

kz;zpdpw; gpwe;Njhh; kdka yfy tsnuhspg; gpok;ngd epd;w

tpz;zth; Kjiyg; G+rid GhpAk; tpjpapid kjpapdpw; nwspe;jhh; ïªJ xË

khkzp kd;Wl; bUelq; fz;lhh; kdnefpo;e; Jilath; ghjk;

ghkzp khiyg; gDtyhw; gutpg; gy;gfy; gphpe;jfh jydhh;

jhkzp ikapNy tUjy;fz; Ltif jioj;jnky; ypanydj; jsh;e;jhh;

G+kzpr; rpyk;gp ndhypnrtpg; glYk; GJikNrh; kUl;ifAw; nwOe;jhh;!

17

ehty® khehL áw¥ãjœ

cjafhy¥ ãuh®¤jid

âU¡nfhÆY¡F v›thW brštJ?

“bgU§ fUiz¡ flîns! br‹w ïuh¤âÇÆny njtß® monaid¡ fh¤jUËdâ‹ ÃĤj«, njtßiu mona‹ Jâ¡»nw‹. ïªj¥ gfÈY« monaid¡ fh¤jUS«. mona‹ ght§fŸ brŒaht©z«, monaid¤ jL¤J M£ bfh©lUS«. mona‹ K‹ go¤j ghl§fS«, ïÅ¥ go¡F« ghl§fS«, mona‹ kdány vªjehS« j§F«go mUŸ brŒí«.”

Þehd« brŒJ, njhŒ¤J cy®ªj tÞâu« mªJ Éóâ jǤJ¡ bfh©L âU¡nfhÆš bršy nt©L«. âU¡ nfhÆiy rÛɤjîl‹ öyȧfkh»a âU¡nfhòu¤ij¤ jÇá¤J ïu©L iffisíŠ áuány FɤJ, át ehk§fis c¢rǤJ¡ bfh©L cŸns nghjš nt©L«.

(ehtyÇ‹ Kjyh« ghy ghl¤âÈUªJ)

átbgUkh‹ M‹kh¡fS¡fhf mUË¢brŒj Kj}šfŸ ntj«, áthfk« v‹D« ïu©LkhF«. ntj áthfk§fËš Éâ¡f¥g£lit ò©Âa§fŸ. flîis tÊgLjš, jhŒ jf¥g‹ cgh¤âaha® FU Kjyh»a bgÇnah®fis tz§Fjš, cÆ®fS¡F ïu§Fjš, c©ik ngRjš, brŒe‹¿ m¿jš v‹gitna ò©Âa§fshF«.

cyf¤J¡F fU¤jh átbgUkh‹. ït® v‹W« cŸst®; v§F« Ãiwªjt®; všyh« m¿gt®; všyh« tšyt®.

M‹kh¡fS¡fhf gil¤jš, fh¤jš, mʤjš v‹W« K¤bjhÊšfis¢ brŒ»wh®.

âU¡nfhÆÈš m mãnõf«, Ãntjd« KjÈait el¡F« bghGJ jÇrd« brŒjš MfhJ. âU¡ nfhÆÈš jÇrd« Koªjîl‹, r©nlRu® rªÃâia milªJ, F«ã£L _‹W Kiw ifbfh£o átjÇrd« gy¤ij¤ jU« bghU£L¥ ãuh®¤â¤jš nt©L«.

ïuî neu¥ ãuh®¤jid “kfh njtnu! mona‹ brŒj ght§fis všyh« bghW¤jUS«. ïªj ïuh¤âÇÆny monaid¡ fh¤jUS«. mona‹ njtßiu m¿ªJ, njtßU¡F¥ gaªJ, njtß®nkš m‹ò it¤J¤ njtßiu¤ Jâ¤J, tz§F«go brŒjUS«. mona‹, ïw¡F« bghGJ, njtßiu kwthj âahd¤Jlnd, njtßUila gj¤âny nrU«go mUŸ brŒí«.” (ehtyÇ‹ Kjyh« ghy ghl¤âÈUªJ)

ïªJ xË

ekÞfhu«

ehty® eš th¡FfŸ âU¡nfhÆÈš KjÈš É¡ndÞtuiu jÇrd« brŒjã‹ átȧf¥ bgUkhidí«, ckhnjÉahiuí« jÇrd« brŒJ, Éóâ th§»¤ jǤJ¡ bfh©L, mj‹ã‹ rghgâ, j£rzh_®¤â, nrhkÞfªj®, rªâunrfu®, R¥ãukÂa® KjÈa _®¤âfis¤ jÇrdŠ brŒjš nt©L«. É¡ndÞtuiu jÇá¡F«bghGJ K£oahf¥ ão¤j ïu©L iffËdhY« be‰¿Æny _‹W Kiw F£o, ty¡fhij ïl¡ifÆdhY«, ïl¡fhij ty¡ifÆdhY« ão¤J¡ bfh©L, _‹W Kiw jhœªJ vGªJ F«ãlš nt©L«.

18

âU¡nfhÆÈš M©fŸ m£lh§f ekÞfhuK«, bg©fŸ gŠrh§f ekÞfhuK« brŒjš nt©L«. m£lh§f ekÞfhukhtJ jiy, if ïu©L, brÉ ïu©L, nkhthŒ, òa§fŸ ïu©L v‹D« v£L mta§fS« Ãy¤âny bghUªJ«go tz§FjyhF«. gŠrh§f ekÞfhukhtJ jiy, if ïu©L, KHªjhŸ ïu©L v‹D« IªJ mtat§fS« Ãy¤âny bghUªJ«go tz§FjyhF«. ïªj ekÞfhu¤ij _‹W jukhÆD«, IªJ jukhÆD«, brŒjš nt©L«. xUju«, ïUju« brŒjš F‰wkhF«.

ehty® khehL áw¥ãjœ

ÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙ

ew;gzpahw;wpa ey;iyefh; ehtyh; fyhG+\zk; ,uhirah =jud; ÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙ

cynfyhk;

ifahSk; tpjj;ijAk; mth; mjpy; nfhz;Lw;w Mh;tj;ijAk; ghz;bj;jpaj;ijAk; fz;L Mr;rhpaj;NjhL ghh;j;jdh;. ehtyh; ngUkhDila ehtd;ikiaAk; jpwikahd jdpj;Jtkhd Mw;wiyAk; fz;l ,e;jpa jpUthtLJiw MjPdj;jpdh; ,tUf;F ehtyh; vd;w rpwg;Gg; gl;lj;ijg; mspj;Jf; nfsutpj;jdh;. fy;tpia Nkk;gLj;jNtz;Lk; vd;w Nguhh;tj;jhy; jkpo; ,yf; f pa ,yf; f z Ehy; f isnay; y hk; Gj;jfkhf mr;rpl;L ntspapl;lhh;. mJkhj;jpukd;wp ,e;jpahtpy; ,Ue;J mr;R ,ae;jpuq;fis tUtpj;J mr;Rf; $lq;fis epWtp nghpa Guhzk; fe;jGuhzk; jpUtpisahlw; Guhzk; ,yf;fz Ehy;fs; vd;W ,d;Ndhud;d gytw;iwAk; mr;R thfdNkw;wp mUe; njhz;lhw;wpdhh;. vy;yh kf;fSk; fy;tp fw;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w ngUik Nehf;fpy; gs;spf;$lq;fis Muk;gpj;J ,ytrf;fy;tp njhopw;fy;tp gapw;rp epWtdq;fs; vd;gtw;iwj; njhlf;fp itj;J mhpa gy Nritfis Mw;wpdhh;.

Myaq;fspy; caph;g;gyp nfhLg;gij mwNt epWj; j p irt Ntjhfk Kiwg; g b G+irfis elhj;jp itj;jhh;. vy;NyhUk; tho Ntz;Lk; vd;w gue;j Nehf;fKila ehtyh; irt tpdhtpil ghy ghlk;> epj;jpafUk tpjp vd;W gy E}y;fis vOjp irtj;jpd; tsh;r;rpf;F cWJid Ghpe;jhh;. rka jPl;ir Kiwia mwpKfg;gLj;jp vy;NyhUk; irt rpd;dq;fis mzpe;J irt Mrhu epakk; jtwhky; tho Mtz nra;J te;jhh;. gioa VLfspypUe;j Ehy;fisnay;yhk; Gj;jfkhf khw;wp mr;rpl;l ngUik ehtyUf;Nf chpaJ. mj;Jld; rpthyaq;fspy; Guhz gldk;> $l;Lg; gpuhhh;j;jid vd;gtw;iwAk; Muk;gpj;J itj;jhh;. ,th; xU Kiw fjhg;gpurq;fk; nra;af; Nfl;lNghJ Maj;jkpy;iy> vd;whuhk;. gpd;G tw;GWj;jNt ehk; Maj;jkpy;iy: vjw;F kuzj;Jf;F Maj;jkpy;iy vd;W Ngrpg; gyuJ ghuhl;ilAk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhuhk;. me;epahpd; Mjpf;fj;jhy; kq;fpg; Nghd irt rkak; mtuJ Nritahy; kPz;Lk; Jsph; tpl;Lg; gpufhrpj;jJ. Myaq;fs; mope;J Nghfhky; fhf;fNtz;baJ irt kf;fspd; jiyaha flik vd;W typAWj;jpdhh;. ,g;gbr; irtj;Jf;Nf jk;ik Kw;W KOjhf mh;g;gzpj;j ehtyh; ngUkhd; 1879 Mk; Mz;L fhh;jj ; pif khjk; kf el;rj;jpuj;jpy; ,iwgjkile;jhh;. ,tuJ mwg;gzpiaj; njhlh;e;J ehKk; nra;J irtj;ij epiyehl;LtNj ehk; mtUf;Fr; nra;Ak; ifkhwhFk;.

epiwe;J tpsq;Ffpd;w vy;yhk; ty;y guk;nghUshfpa rptngUkhDila mk;rkhd KUfg;ngUkhd; jk;ik topgLk; mbahh; fiw jPh;f;fntd tPw;wpUe;J mUs; ghypf;Fk; jpUj;jyk; ey; Y hh; . ,e; j ey; Y hhpNy mtjhpj; j Gz; z pa GU~h;jhd; ehtyh; ngUkhd;. ,tUila Mw;wYk; MSikAk; md;Gk; mZFKiwAk; jdpj;JtkhdJ. irtKk; jkpOk; jioj; N jhq; f Kw; W KOjhf ghLgl;lth; ehtyh;. vj;jidNah rpukq;fSf;F kj;jpapy; jdp xUtuhf epd;W fpwp];jt kjk; vq;Fk; gutp tsh;r;rpAWk; Ntisapy; irtk; Fd;wpg; Nghtij mtjhdpj;J nfhjpj;njOe;j ,th; kf;fs; kj;jpapy; irtj;jpd; mUik ngUikfis ey;yKiwapy; vLj;jpak;gp xU tpo;g;Gzh;r;rpia Vw;gLj;jpdhh; vdpy; kpifahfhJ. ,sk; guhaj;jpNyNa ey;y Mw;wYk; mDgt mwpTk; nfhz;L tpsq;fpa ,th; fy;tp Nts;tpfspy; rpwe; J tpsq; f patuhf ,th; jkJ ,sikf; fhyj; j py; ey; Y hh; Rg; g pukzpa cghj; j pahh; > rutzKj;Jg; Gyth;> ,Ughiy Nrdhjpuha Kjypahh; KjyhNdhhplk; fy; t p gapd; W ey; y wpQuhf jpfo;ej ; hh;. NkYk; ,yf;fz ,yf;fpaq;fisAk; irt rka rhj;jpuq;fisAk; kw;Wk; Njhj;jpuq;fisAk; Kiwahff; fw;Wf; nfhz;l ehtyh; tlnkhopiaAk; Mq;fpy nkhopiaAk; ey;y Kiwapy; gapd;W te;jhh;. jpwikAk; MSikAk; iftug; ngw;W ey;yhrhdhf jpfo;e;j ,tUf;F aho; kj;jpa fy;YhhpapNy Mrphpauhfg; gzpGhpAk; tha;g;Gf; fpilj;jJ. ey;y Gj;jfq;fis fw;Wg; NguwpQuhf jpfo;e;j mth; gpurq;fk; nra;tjpNyAk; ey;y Njh;r;rp ngw;W Ngr;rhsuhfTk; te;J tpl;lhh;. tha;g;Gf; fpilf;Fk; Nghnjy;yhk; irt rkaj;jpd; Nkd;ikfisAk; Nfhl; g hLfisAk; ed; F tpsq; f g; g Lj; j p irt kf; f Sf; F irtj; j pd; mUik ngUikfis vLj;Jiuj;J mth;fs; Ntw;W kjj;Jf;F khWtijj; jLj;jhh;. mJ khj;jpukd;wp ehtyh; jkJ Mw;wypdhYk; MSikapdhYk; irt rkaj;jpd; epiyahd MjpAk; me;jKk; ,y;yh ngUikiaAk;> <L ,izapy;yhj mUikapidAk; kf;fSf;F vLj;Jiuj;J mth;fspd; kdjpy; rptngUkhDila fP h ; j ; j idfis gR kuj;jhzpNghy; gjpa itj;J irtj;ij mopa tplhky; jLj;jhh;. fpwp];jt Ehyhfpa iggpspid nkhopngah;j;J mth;fSila ed; kjpg;gpidAk; NguhjutpidAk; ngw;Wf;nfhz;lhh;. mJ xUGwk; ,Uf;f> fpwp];jt ghjphpkhh;fs; ,tUila mwpthw;wiyf; fz;Zw;W tpag; g py; Mo; e ; j dh; . Mq; f py nkhopia mth; ïªJ xË

19

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jkpof rka tuyhw;wpy;

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Kjypy; ehtyhpd; gzpfis Nehf;Fk; NghJjhd; mtUila guk;giuapdh; gzpfs; vkf;Fg; GydhFk;. ehtyhpd; gzpfs; ,yq;ifapd; tl gFjpfspYk; njd;dpe;jpahtpYk; epiy nfhz;bUe;jd. <or;irt rka tuyhw;wpNy mth; xU rhpj;jpuk;> rfhg;jk; vdf; $wyhk;. Nkiy ehl;Lf; fpwp];jth;fspd; gz;ghLfs; <oj;J irtg; gz;ghLfSs; Eioe;jNjhL Mq;fpyf; fy;tpapd; tsh;rr ; pahYk; kp~dhpkhh;fspd; fz;ldq; fshYk; irt rkaj;ijg; gpd;gw;wpath;fs; rpyh; fpwp];jt rkaj;Jf;F khw;wg;gl;ldh;. ,t;Ntisapy; irt rkaj;jth;fs; ngUk; rthiy vjph; Nehf;fpdh;. ehtyh; ,sikapy; fpwp];jt ghlrhiyapy; fy;tp fw;W Mq;fpy nkhopia mwpe;J nfhz;lhh;. gpd;G irth;fis fpwp];jt kjj;Jf;F khw;Wtjidf; fz;ldk; nra;jhh;. fpwp];jt kjj;Jf;F vjpuhf tr; r pujz; l k; Rg; g puNghjk; irtJh~zghpfhuk; Nghd;w fz;ld E}y;fisj; njhLj;jhh;. ïªJ xË

(ed;wp : ,e;J fiyf;fsQ;rpak;) 20

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ehtyh; irtf; fhtyh; ftpNahfp Rj;jhde;j ghujpahh; ÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙ

jtj;jpU ehtyh; jkpo; kzpg; Gutyh;

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khe;jsph; Nkdp ahid

kyh;tpop aofp dhidj; jPe;jkpo; thap dhidr;

nrgkzpf; ifap dhidf; fhe;jkpd; rhuk; Nghyf;

fth;e;jpLe; Njhw;wj; jhid Ve;jpir gutp dhid

vd;Ds;Ns tzq;fp NdNd! tuk; ngW thf;fp dhid

tQ;rkpy; neQ;rp dhid cuk; ngW Nkdp ahid

cah; rpt rkak; tho epuk;gpa gzpnra; jhid

ePs; jt Nts;tp ahidg; guk; nghUl; gw;wp dhidg;

gw;wpdhh; gw;ww; whNu! ehtyh; mtNu ahthh;

ekJ ir thfk j;jpd; fhtyh; mtNu| ,d;gf;

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nfhl;Lf Kur kpq;Nf! (ed;wp : ehtyh; khehL tpoh kyh; - 1969) 21

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Njrpa tpLjiy tPuh; ehtyh; ftpNahfp Rj;jhde;j ghujpahh; ÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙ

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me;epah;

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MfNt mth;fsplkpUe;J Njrpa mwpthspfis cUthf;f tpise;jhh;. ahtUk; vspjpy; mwpe;J ca;a Md;kPf fyhrhu Ehy;fis vspa jkpopy; rhjhuz kf;fs; ngw;Wg; gadila kypT tpiyapy; ntspapl;lhh;. irtj; jkpo; njhz; l h; f is jpul; L tjpYk; ,Nj jj;Jtj;ijNa mth; filg;gpbj;jhh;. ,j; njhz;lh;fSf;F ,ytrf;fy;tp kl;Lky;y> ,ytr czTk; cilAk; toq; f pdhh; . vq; F k; vjpYk; kf;fisNa Mjhukhff; nfhs;Sk; [dehafg; gz;igAk;> ntF[d ,af;fg;ghl;ilAk; ehtyhpy; ehk; fhz;fpd;Nwhk;. nfhba gQ; r j; j hYk; gpd; d h; the; j pNgjp NehapdhYk; aho;gg ; hz kf;fs; JaUw;wNghJ ehyth; xU Nghuhspahf khwpdhh;. kf;fspd; Jah; Jilf;f ntF[d ,af; f k; elhj; j pdhh; . nts; i sf; f hu Ml;rpapd; cjhrPdj;ijAk; CoiyAk; vjph;j;Jg; Nghuhl;l ,af;fk; xd;iw Muk;gpj;J elj;jpdhh;. kf;fSf;fhd mth;fspd; eyd;fisg; NgZtjw;fhd ,e; j ,af; f q; f spy; mth; fpwp]; j th; f SlDk; Kd;dzp mikj;jhh;. ,t;thW ntt;NtW gFjp kf; f spd; mgpyhi\fSf; f hfTk; xd; W gl Ntz;Lk;> xd;Wgl KbAk; vd;w Njrhgpkhdkpf;f epiyia nraypy; fhl;b kf;fspd; xUikg;ghl;Lf;F topfhl;bath; ehtyh; ngUkhd;. (ed;wp : gpNuk;[p fl;Liufs;)

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Mdhy; Gjpa Njitf;F ,e;j kuG Kiwf;fy;tp <L nfhLf;fhJ vd;gijf; fz;lJk; fy;tp mikg;ig tphpT gLj;j Kide;jhh;. Vfhjpgj;jpaj;ijAk; mjd; Md;kPf Mf;fpukpg;igAk; vjph;j;j ehtyh; mNj Neuj;jpy; khw;whhpd; ehfhpfj;jpYs;s ey;ytw;iw Vw;fTk; gad;gLj;jTk; jaq;ftpy;iy. ghjphpkhh; mikj;j fy;tpf; $lq;fisg; Nghy; jkpioAk; irtj;ijAk; Nghjpf;f Ch; NjhWk; ghlrhiyfis ïªJ xË

22

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ïªJ rka ÉHh¡fS« Éuj eh£fS« - 2014 24

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$y$ MWKfehty® cUt¢ áiyia fh©»Ö®fŸ ehty® khehL áw¥ãjœ

ïªJ rka ÉHh¡fS« Éuj eh£fS« - 2014 #dtÇ

01 - òj‹ : mkhthir Éuj« 04 - rÅ : rJ®¤â Éuj« 06 - â§fŸ : rZo Éuj« 11 - rÅ : fh®¤âif Éuj« Rt®¡fthÆš Vfhjá Éuj« 13 - â§fŸ : ãunjhõ Éuj« 14 - br›thŒ : ij¥ bgh§fš 15 - òj‹ : óuiz Éuj« 17 - btŸË : ij¥ór« 20 - â§fŸ : r§flAu rJ®¤â 27 - â§fŸ : Vfhjá Éuj« 28 - br›thŒ : ãunjhõ Éuj« 30 - ÉahH‹ : mkhthir Éuj«

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01 - PhÆW : rJ®¤â Éuj« 03 - br›thŒ : rZo Éuj« 09 - â§fŸ : Vfhjá Éuj« 10 - br›thŒ : ãunjhõ Éuj« 11 - òj‹ : itfhá Érhf« 12 - ÉahH‹ : óuiz Éuj« 16 - â§fŸ : r§flAu rJ®¤â Éuj«.

23 - â§fŸ : Vfhjá Éuj« 24 - br›thŒ : fh®¤âif Éuj«, ãunjhõ Éuj« 26 - ÉahH‹ : mkhthir Éuj«

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03 - â§fŸ : rJ®¤â Éuj« 05 - òj‹ : rZo Éuj« 07 - ÉahH‹ : fh®¤âif Éuj« 10 - â§fŸ : Õk Vfhjá Éuj« 12 - òj‹ : ãunjhõ Éuj« 14 - btŸË : óuiz Éuj«, 15 - rÅ : khá kf« 18 - br›thŒ : r§flAu rJ®¤â 25 - br›thŒ : Vfhjá Éuj« 27 - ÉahH‹ : kfh átuh¤âÇ ãunjhõ Éuj«

01 - br›thŒ : rJ®¤â Éuj«.

02 - òj‹ : Þfªj gŠrÄ 03 - ÉahH‹ : FkhurZo Éuj« 08 - br›thŒ : rad Vfhjá Éuj« 10 - ÉahH‹ : ãunjhõ Éuj« 12 - rÅ : óuiz Éuj« 15 - br›thŒ : r§flAu rJ®¤â 21 - â§fŸ : fh®¤âif Éuj« 22 - br›thŒ : Vfhjá Éuj« 24 - ÉahH‹ : ãunjhõ Éuj« 26 - rÅ : Momkhthir Éuj« 30 - òj‹ : Mo¥óu« ehfrJ®¤â Éuj« 31 - ÉahH‹ : fUl gŠrÄ

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V¥uš

03 - ÉahH‹ : fh®¤âif Éuj«, r¡â fzgâ rJ®¤â Éuj« 05 - rÅ : rZo Éuj« 07 - â§fŸ : kAhZlÄ 08 - br›thŒ : $uhk etÄ 11 - btŸË : Vfhjá Éuj« 12 - rÅ : rÅ¥ ãunjhõ Éuj« 14 - â§fŸ : á¤âiu¥ òJtUl¥ ãw¥ò, á¤âuh óuiz Éuj«, 15 - br›thŒ : á¤âiu¢ á¤âiu 18 - btŸË : r§flAu rJ®¤â 25 - btŸË : Vfhjá Éuj« 26 - rÅ : rÅ¥ ãunjhõ Éuj« 28 - â§fŸ : mkhthir Éuj« 29 - br›thŒ : á¤âiu¥ gu 30 - òj‹ : fh®¤âif Éuj«

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01 - 02 - 05 - 10 - 12 - 14 - 18 - 24 - 26 - 27 - 28 -

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ïªJ xË

01 - btŸË : rZo Éuj« 07 - ÉahH‹ : Vfhjá Éuj« 08 - btŸË : tuy¡ZÄ Éuj« ãunjhõ Éuj« 10 - PhÆW : óuiz Éuj« 14 - ÉahH‹ : r§flAu rJ®¤â fzgâ Éuj« 17 - PhÆW : fh®¤âif Éuj« #‹khZlÄ 18 - â§fŸ : $»UZz b#aªâ 21 - ÉahH‹ : Vfhjá Éuj« 22 - btŸË : ãunjhõ Éuj« 25 - â§fŸ : mkhthir Éuj« 29 - btŸË : Éehaf rJ®¤â Éuj« 30 - rÅ : ÇÎ gŠrÄ 31 - PhÆW : rZo Éuj«

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m¡nlhg® (bjhl®¢á) 11 - rÅ : fh®¤âif Éuj« r§flAu rJ®¤â 19 - PhÆW : Vfhjá Éuj« 21 - br›thŒ : ãunjhõ Éuj« 22 - òj‹ : ÔghtË âUehŸ 23 - ÉahH‹ : mkhthir Éuj« nfjhubfsÇ Éuj« Ãiwî 24 - btŸË : fªjrZo

Éujhu«g« 27 - â§fŸ : rJ®¤â Éuj« 28 - br›thŒ : Þfªj gŠrÄ 29 - òj‹ : fªjrZo Éuj« Ãiwî 31 - btŸË : nfhZlhZlÄ

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03 - â§fŸ : c¤jhd Vfhjá Éuj« 04 - br›thŒ : ãunjhõ Éuj« 06 - ÉahH‹ : óuiz Éuj« 07 - btŸË : fh®¤âif Éuj«

: I¥gᥠgu 10 - â§fŸ : r§flAu rJ®¤â 18 - br›thŒ : Vfhjá Éuj« 20 - ÉahH‹ : ãunjhõ Éuj« 22 - rÅ : mkhthir Éuj« 26 - òj‹ : rJ®¤â Éuj« 27 - ÉahH‹ : rZo Éuj«

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02 - br›thŒ : Vfhjá Éuj« 04 - ÉahH‹ : ãunjhõ Éuj« 05 - btŸË : âU¡fh®¤âif Éuj« Fkhuhya Ôg« r®thyaÔg« 06 - rÅ : óuiz Éuj« ÉZQthya Ôg« 07 - PhÆW : Éehaf Éujhu«g« 10 - òj‹ : r§flAu rJ®¤â 18 - ÉahH‹ : Vfhjá Éuj« 19 - btŸË : ãunjhõ Éuj« 21 - PhÆW : mkhthir Éuj« 25 - ÉahH‹ : rJ®¤â Éuj« 27 - rÅ : âUbt«ghit ó#hu«g«, Éehaf rZo Éuj«

khk‹w ÃfœîfŸ (2014) enlr® mãnõf âd§fŸ 13 . 02 . 2014 23 . 04 . 2014 04 . 07 . 2014 07 . 09 . 2014 07 . 10 . 2014

(khá ó®tg£r rJ®¤já) (á¤âiu âUnthz«) (MÅ c¤ju«) (Mt ó®tg£r rJ®¤já) (òu£lhâ ó®tg£r rJ®¤já)

khk‹w tUlhãnõf« 16 .04 .2014 : (á¤âiu Rthâ)

FUóir âd§fŸ

10 .04 . 2014 : nahf® RthÄ 24 .04 . 2014 : âUehî¡fuR ehadh® 13 . 06 . 2014 : âUPhdr«gªj_®¤âehadh® 02 . 07 . 2014 : kh¡fthrf RthÄfŸ 03 . 08 . 2014 : Rªju_®¤â ehadh® 12 . 12 . 2014 : $y$ MWKfehty®

Ãidî âd§fŸ

19 . 07 . 2014 : RthÄ Éòyhdªj® 05 . 12 . 2014 : $y$ MWKfehty®

ehty® khehL áw¥ãjœ

mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;w Kfhikg; Nguitf; $l;lk; - 2013

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25

ehty® khehL áw¥ãjœ

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nrQ;Nrhpkiy jpUee;jtd klk; Kj;J rptuhk Rthkpfs; ciuahw;Wfpwhh;

tpohj; jiyth; Nguhrphpah; rp. gj;kehjd; ciuahw;Wfpwhh;

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khkd;wj; jiyth; jpU. fe;ijah ePyfz;ld; ciuahw;Wfpwhh;

fk;gthhpjp ,. n[auh[; ciuahw;Wfpwhh;

rf;jp ,y;y khztpfspd; Njthu ghuhazk;

03.12.2013 md;W ru];tjp kz;lgj;jpy; MWKf ehtyh; tpoh . ,jid ,e;J tpj;jpahtpUj;jpr; rq;fk; kw;Wk; =y= MWKfehtyu; rig Mfpatw;wpd; mDruizAld; mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk; xOq;F nra;jpUe;jJ. ,t;itgtj;jpy; tpilf;xË nfhbr;nry;th; jpU. rp. jdghyh mth;fspd; “ee;jpf; nfhb Vw; wPh;> nfhbf;ftp ghBh;;” E}y; ntspaehty® plg;gl;lJ. khehL áw¥ãjœ ïªJ 26