23-04 Ebook Hindu Oli

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ïªJ xË Ôg« - 23

Rl® - 04

tpfhhp tUlk; Mbj;; jpq;fs; 31 Mk; ehs; (16-08-2019)

gŠròuhz« âU¢á‰w«gy«

njthu«

nts;spf; Fd;wd;d tpilahd; jd;id tpy;tyhd; tpy;tl;lq; fha;e;jhd; jd;idg; Gs;sp tupehfk; G+z;lhd; jd;idg; nghd;gpjpu;e; jd;d rilahd; jd;id ts;sp tisj;Njhs; Kjy;td; jd;id thuh TyfUs ty;yhd; jd;id vs;ftpL gpr;ir Naw;ghd; jd;id VioNad; ehd;gz; bfo;e;j thNw

âUthrf« nka;jhd; mUk;gp tpjpu;tpjpu;j;J cd;tpiu ahu;fow;Fvd; ifjhd; jiyitj;Jf; fz;zPu; jJk;gp ntJk;gpAs;sk; ngha;jhd; jtpu;e;Jd;idg; Nghw;wp rara Nghw;wpnad;Dk; ifjhd; nefpo tpNld;cil aha;vd;idf; fz;Lnfhs;Ns.

âUÉir¥gh jdjd;ew; Nwhoh rq;fuh R+y ghzpNa jhZNt rptNd fdfew; W}Nz fw;gff; nfhOe;Nj fz;fs;%d; WilaNjhu; fUk;Ng mdfNd Fku tpehaf rdf mk;gyj; jkuu;Nr fuNd Edfo ypiznad; neQ;rpDs; ,dpjhj; njhz;lNdd; EfUkh EfNu

âU¥gšyh©L khYyh kde;je; njd;ifapw; rq;fk; tt;tpdhd; kiykfs; kjiy NkYyhe; Njtu; FyKO jhSq; FkuNts; ts;spjd; kzhsd; NrYyhq; fodpj; jpUtpilf; fopapy; jpUf;Fuh ePow;fPo; epd;w NtYyhe; jlf;if Nte;jd;vd; Nre;jd; vd;Dk;vd; nky;ypay; ,tNs

jpUg;Guhzk;

Kd;Ndte; njjpu;Njhd;Wk; KUfNdh ngUnfhspahy; jd;Ndupy; khuNdh jhu;khu;gpd; tpQ;iraNdh kpd;Ndu;nrQ; rilaz;zy; nka;aUs;ngw; WilatNdh vd;Ndnad; kde;jpupj;j ,td;ahNuh ntdepide;jhu; âU¢á‰w«gy«

ïªJ xË

,e;jpahtpYs;s jkpo; mfjpfis ,yq;ifapy; kPsf;Fbakh;j;jy; mtrpak;. vk; kz;zpy; Vw;gl;l Nghh;r# ; oyhy; capiuf; fhg;gjw;fhf glFfs; topahf ,e;jpahtpw;Fr; nrd;W mfjpfshf Kfhk;fspy; thOk; vk;kf;fis kPsTk; mioj;J te;J mth;fis ,q;F FbNaw;w Ntz;baJ fhyj;jpd; fl;lhakhFk;. gy tUlq;fshf jkpo;ehL flw;fiurhh;e;j ,uhNk];tuk;> jD\;Nfhb kw;Wk; khky; y Guk; gFjpfspy; Rkhh; xU ,yl; r j; J f; F k; Nkw; g l; l FLk;gq;fs; jq;fp thOk; mtyk; njhlh;fpwJ. mk;kf;fspy; ngUk;ghyhdth;fs; ,e;J kjk; rhh;ej; th;fs;. ,th;fs; ,yq;iff;F tUtjw;F mQ;Rfpwhh;fs;. ,th;fspy; ngUk;ghyhdth;fspd; tP L fs; Nghhpd; N ghJ jhafj; j py; Kw; w hf mope; J tpl; l J. ve;jtpjkhd clikAk; ,d;wp jq;fs; capiuf; fhg;gjw;fhf FLk;gk; FLk;gkhf nrd;w ,th;fs; jw;NghJ ,yq;iff;F kPs tUtjw;F vt;tpj Mtzq;fSk; ,d;wp mt];ijg;gLfpwhh;fs;. ,th;fs; tplaj;jpy; murpay;thjpfs; kdpjhgpkhd Nehf;fj;NjhL mf;fiw vLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,yq;if - ,e;jpa muR ,th;fsJ Gdh;tho;T njhlh;ghf cldbahf mf;fiw nfhs;sy; mtrpak;. tlgFjpapy; khq;Fsk;> fpspnehr;rp> tlkuhl;rp> njd;kuhl;rp> jPtfk; Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; rfy trjpfSk; nfhz;l Gjpa tPLfs; mikj;J mfjpfshf ,e; j pah nrd; w kf; f Sf; F mtw; i w md; g spg; g hf toq; f cjt Ntz;Lk;. mth;fsJ vjph;fhy tho;tpw;fhd nghUshjhu tha;g;Gf;fisAk; Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;jy;Ntz;Lk;. ,t;tplak; njhlh;ghf cldbahf mf;fiw nrYj;jhtpl;lhy; ,k;kf;fspd; thf; F hpik ahTk; nrayw; W g; N gha; t pLk; . tlf; F fpof; f py; jkpok ; f;fspd; Fbrdj;njhif tsh;rr; p kpfTk; ghjpff; g;gl;Ls;sik ahtUk; mwpe; j Nj. ,k; kf; f s; kP s Tk; ,yq; i fapy; te; J FbNaWtjdhy; ,yq;ifj; jkpoh;fspd; tsq;fs; rPhpa Kiwapy; fhg;gjw;Fk; cjtpahf mikAk;. Nghh; Xa;e;J gj;J Mz;Lfs; g+h;j;jp milAk; epiyapy; ,yq;if mfjpfs; njhlh;ghf jkpo; ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdh;fs; Nghjpa mf;fiw nfhs;shjik ftiy mspff; pwJ. vjphf; hyj;jpy; tlf;F fpof;F khfhzj;jpy; jkpoh;fspd; gpujpepjpj;Jtk; NkYk; Fiwtiltjw;F re;jh;g;gk; Vw;gl;Ls;sJ. tlf;F fpof;fpy; Nghhpdhy; ,wg;G tpfpjk; mjpfhpj;jNjhL gpwg;G tpfpjKk; kpfTk; Fiwtile;jik ngUk; ftiyf;FhpaJ. Gyk;ngah; Njrq;fspy; Rkhh; gj;J ,yl;rk; tlf;F fpof;F kf;fs; FbNawptpl;lhh;fs;. mth;fs; kPste;J vk;kz;zpy; FbNaWtJ ,dpNky; vjph; g hh; f ; f KbahjJ. ,r; # o; e piyapy; mjpfk; ghjpf;fg;gLgth;fs; <oj;J ,e;Jf;fs; vd;gJ cz;ikahFk;. kjkhw;wq;fshYk; NghuhYk; mjpfk; ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fSk; ,e;J r%fj;jth;fs; jhd;. ,yq;ifapy; =kh rh];jphp xg;ge;jj;jpd; fPo; Rkhh; gjpndhU ,yl;rk; ,e;jpa jkpoh;fs; ,yq;ifia tpl;Lr; nrd;wikAk; ,yq;ifj; jkpoh; tuyhw;wpy; ngUk; ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;jpapUe;jJ. me;j gjpndhU ,yl;rk; jkpoh;fSk; ,e;J rkaj;jth;fs; vd;gJ midtUk; mwpe;j cz;ikNa. mth;fs; jhafk; nry;yhky; ,yq;ifapy; ,Ue;jpUg;ghh;fNsahdhy; ,d;W ,yq;ifapy; ,e;Jf;fspd; njhif gd;klq;F mjpfhpj;jpUf;Fk; vd;gij kWf;fKbahJ. 1

tpfhhp tUlk; Mtzp - Gul;lhjp 2019


tho;j;J

tho;fNt tho;f ntd;ee;jp jpUtb tho;fNt tho;f kykWj; jhd;gjk; tho;fNt tho;f nka;Q;Qhdj; jtd;jhs; tho;fNt tho;f kykpyhd; ghjNk!

(jpUke;jpuk;)

ïªj¢ RlÇš... gŠr òuhz« Md;kPfr;Rlhpd; mUs;kly; ñ <oj;jkpoupd; gz;ghl;Lj; jiyefu; ‘ey;Y}u; ,uhrjhdp’ ñ ey;Y}u;f; fe;jRthkp Nfhapypd; \z;Kfu; re;epjpf;F> Rtu;z tpkhdk; ñ itafj;ij ca;a itg;Nghd;! itjhiuAk; tho itg;Nghd;!! ñ “nre;jkpohy; ce;jDf;F....” ñ Ntjq;fSk; jz;lhAjghzpapd; ngUikAk; ñ mofd; KUfdpd; mw;Gjkhd ngau;fs; ñ ey;iyf; fe;jd; jpUT+Q;ry; ñ Nty; tpUj;jk; ñ rpe;jidf;fpdpa fe;jGuhzk; ñ kapy; tpUj;jk; ñ

ïªJ xË

ñ ey;iy

jpUQhdrk;ge;ju; MjPdk; 21 fªjh ruz« ruz«! 22 ñ Nahfh; Rthkpfspd; fpspf;fz;zp 23 ñ “Rk;kh ,Uj;jy;” 24 ñ fjpiukiy ,uhr;rpak; 26 ñ Nghh;j;Jf;Nfah; tUifAk; <oj;jpd; ,Uz;l fhyKk; 30 ñ Mtzp - Gul;lhjp khj tpujq;fs; 33 ñ Ntytidj; Jjpj;jhy; Ntjidfs; jPUk;! 39 ñ njy;ypg;gio = Ju;f;fhNjtp Mya Njhw;wk; 41 ñ Kfcj;ju ,ujj;jpy; tpidaWf;f vOe;jUSk;; khitf; fe;jRthkpahu; NguUs; nghopf! 43 ñ ey;iyf; fe;jidf; fhjypj;jhy; rfyKk; trkhFk;! 44

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ñ

ñ ešiy¡

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m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w ïªJ MuhŒ¢á Ãiya¤â‹ btËpL

Publication of hindu research centre of all ceylon hindu congress

ey;iyf;fe;jd;> nry;tr; re;epjp fe;jd;> njy;ypg;gio Jh;f;ifak;ghs; tUlhe;j kNfhw;rtr; rpwg;gpjo;

Nallai Kanthan, Selvachchannathi Kanthan, Tellipalai Thurkkaiambal Annual Festivals Special Issue

Mtzp - Gul;lhjp 2019

August - September 2019

MáÇa® FG : irtPhdghD fyhÃâ MW. âUKUf‹ âU.nt. fªjrhÄ fyhÃâ j. K¤JFkhurhÄ át$ f. it¤ÔÞtu¡ FU¡fŸ âU. j. kndhfu‹ xU %gh 60.00 ãuâÆ‹¬ Éiy tUlhªj¢ rªjh (cŸehL) %gh 360.00 (jgh‰ bryî jÅ) tUlhªj¢ rªjh (btËehL) US blhy® 15

Editorial Board : Dr. Aru. Thirumurugan Mr. V. Kandasamy Dr. T. Muthukumarasamy Sivasri K. Vaitheeswara Kurukkal Mr. D. Manoharan Price Rs. 60.00 Annual Subscription (Inland) Rs. 360.00 (Excluding Postage) Annual Subscription (Foreign) US $ 15 (Including Postage)

m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w«

all ceylon hindu congress

jiyikaf«: 91/5, nr® á‰w«gy« V. fh®od® kht¤ij, bfhG«ò - 2, ïy§if.

Head Office: 91/5, Sir Chittampalam A. Gardiner Mawatha Colombo - 2, Sri Lanka.

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Jaffna Office : 211/17, Temple Road, Nallur, Jaffna. Telephone No.: 0212221075, Fax No.: 0212217280 E-Mail : hinducongressjaffna@gmail.com Website : http://www.hinducongress.lk

ïªJ xËÆš btËÆl¥g£LŸs f£LiufËš bjÇÉ¡f¥g£LŸs fU¤J¡fŸ M¡»nah‹fSilanj.

Views expressed in the articles in Hindu Oli are those of the contributors.

ISSN : 2012 - 9645

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tpfhhp tUlk; Mtzp - Gul;lhjp 2019


Md;kPfr; Rlhpd; mUs;kly; rpj;jh;fs; cyhtpa mw;Gj g+kp ey;Y}h; mth;fis mwptjw;F jtg;gad; Ntz;Lk;.

,yq;ifapy; rpj;jh;fs; elkhba ey; Y }h; fe;jd; Myar; #oiy vtUk; kwe; J tpl KbahJ. kfhQhdpfs; ey;Y}h; fe;jd; thapypy; mUs;Qhdk; ngw; W s; s hh; f s; . ey; Y }h; Rw;whlypy; rpj;jh;fs;> rhJf; f s; > Qhdpfs; gyh; thrk; nra; j fhuzj; j hy; gy jh;kfhhpaq;fs; cUthfpapUf; f pd; w d. fe; j h; klk; ; > ehad; k hh; f l; L Nghd; w ,lq; f spy; gy Jwtpfs; tho; e ; J rkhjpaile;Js;shh;fs;. ey;Y}h; Njubapy; tho; e ; j nry; y g; g h Rthkpfs; xU Qhd guk;giuia cUthf;fp tpl;lhh;.

ey;Yhh;f; fe;jd; myq;fhuf; fe;jd; kl; L ky; y mUs; Q hdf; fe; j d; vd; g J rpj; j h; thf; F . nghd; nghUs; Nghfk; Nfl;gth;fs; kl; L ky; y > ehd; ahh; ? vd;Ds;sk; ahh;? ,t;Tyfk; vd; d ? vdr; rpe; j pg; g th; f s; ehb tUk; ,lkhfTk; ey; Y }h; tpsq; F fpwJ. ey; Y }uhd; tPjpapy; fhy;fis vLj;J itg;gth;fs; kpff; ftdkhf itAq;fs;. Gz;zpa kfhd;fs; cyhtpa g+kp. mw;Gjq;fs; ele;j Mj;kPf g+kp. vdNt Mlk; g uq; f isj; jtph; j ; J vq; f s; Mj;khh;j;j tpLjiyf;F ey;Y}uhd; tPjpapy; $LNthk;. tPjpapy; ,Ue;Jtpl;lhy; tpy;yq;fk; VJk; vk;ik ehlhJ.

Nahfh; Rthkpfs; cgNjrk; ngw; w ey; Y }uhd; jpUtb mw; G jkhdJ. Nahfh; Rthkpfs; ew;rpe;jidg; ghly;fspy; ey;Y}h; tP j papd; kfpikia czh; T g+h; t khf vLj; J iuj; J s; s hh; . ey; Y }h; tP j papy; te; J mkh;e;jhy; VNjh xU Qhdk; gpwf;Fk; vd;gJ cz; i k. rpj; j h; f spd; Qhdr; Rthrpg; G ey;Y}h; tPjpapy; ,d;Wk; Kw;Wg;ngwtpy;iy. vt; N tisapYk; ey; Y }h; tP j papy; Kd; g pd; njhpahj gyiuf; fhzyhk; . NjubapYk; ituth; thrypYk; jd; g hl; b y; ,Ue; J Qhdg; g hh; i tNahL jk; i k milahsk; fhl; l hky; ,d; W k; gyh; cyhTfpwhh; f s; .

vq;fs; tpidia mWf;Fk; rf;jp ey; Y }uhd; tP j pf; F cz; L . nry; y g; g h Rthkpfs; ey;Y}h; tPjp kz;iz jd; cliy fOTtjw;F gad;gLj;jpdhh;. mf mOf;ifAk; Gw mOf;ifAk; fOTk; Mw;wy; ey;Y}h; tPjpg; GOjpf;F cz;L. vdNt ey;Y}uhd; tPjpia midtUk; ehLq; f s; ! ey; y Qhdj; i j ey;Y}hpy; ngw;W eykha; tho;tPh;!

hp\p njhz;Lehjd;

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tpfhhp tUlk; Mtzp - Gul;lhjp 2019


Xk; rutzgt

ey;Y}u;f; fe;jRthkp Nfhapy;

kNfhw;rtr; rpwg;gpjo; cynfq;Fk; gue;J thOk; gf;ju;f;fUs;GupAk; ey;iyak;gjpNkTk; ts;sp nja;thid rNkj rz;Kfg; ngUkhdpd; nghw;ghjk; gzpe;J:

jde;jh toF rlye;jh Tyf rfyRf tpde;jh ntdTd;id Ntz;Lfp Nyd;,U jhs;kwth kde;jh ey;Y}u;f;F tUk;tue; jhntd;W tho;j;Jfpd;Nwd; tde;jh tpaGd ts;spf;F tha;j;jed; khzpf;fNk

(ey;iyae;jhjp - ethypA+u; f. NrhkRe;jug;Gytu;)

<okzpj; jpUehl;bd; tlghy; mUs;nghopAk; Kg;ngUk; KUfj; jyq;fshk; khtpl;lGuk;> nry;tr;re;epjp> ey;Y}u; vd;gJ rj;jpaNk! mj;jF jpUj;jyq;fSnshd;whd ey;Y}u;f; fe;jRthkp Nfhapypd;> tpfhup tUl tUlhe;jg; ngUe;jpUtpohtpid Kd;dpl;L kyu;e;Js;s ‘,e;J xsp’ rpwg;gpjio ntspapLk; ghf;fpak; vkf;Ff; fpilj;Js;sik ngUk;NgNw! cskhu Ntz;bj; Jjpf;Fk; gf;ju;Nkw; nfhz;l fhjyhy;> mtu; Ntz;banjy;yhk; kdjhu ms;spf; nfhLf;Fk; ey;Y}u;f; fe;jRthkp nja;tj;jpd; ghjhutpe;jq;fspy; ,r;rpwg;G kyiur; rhh;j;jp tzq;Ffpd;Nwhk;.!

Ntjhe;jk; rpj;jhe;jk; fw;wjdhy; vd;d Ntbf;iff; fijfs; Ngrpdhy; vd;d tPjpapy; te;njhUf;fhy; tpOe;J Fk;gpl;lhy; tpy;yq;fk; vy;yhk; ,y;yhkw; NghNk!

myq;fhuf; fe;jdpd; tUlhe;jg; ngUtpoh ey;Y}h; fe;jRthkp Nfhapypd; tUlhe;j kNfhw;rtk; mkhthiriaj; njhlh;e;JtUk; r\;b jpjpad;W Muk;gkhtJ tof;fk;. ,t;tUl kNfhw;rtg; ngUtpoh ,k;khjk; (Mf];l;) 06Mk; jpfjpad;W nfhbNaw;wj;Jld; Muk;gkhfp eilngw;W tUfpwJ. gj;jhtJ ehshfpa> 15Mk; jpfjpad;W kQ;rj; jpUtpohTk; 17Mk; ehshfpa ,k;khjk; 22Mk; jpfjp khiy mUzfphpehjh; cw;rtKk; eilngWfpwJ. 18Mk; ehshfpa 23Mk; jpfjp khiy fhh;j;jpifj; jpUtpohTk;> 19Mk; ehshfpa 24Mk; jpfjp fhiy #h;Nahw;rtKk;> 20Mk; ehshfpa 25Mk; jpfjp fhiy re;jhdNfhghyh; cw;rtKk;> mNjjpdk; khiy ifyhrthfd cw;rtKk;> 21Mk; ehshfpa 26Mk; jpfjp fhiy f[ty;yp kfhty;yp cw;rtKk;> mNjjpdk; khiy Nty;tpkhdk; vdg;gLk; jq;fujj; jpUtpohTk; eilngwtpUf;fpd;wd. kNfhw;rtj; njhlhpd; 22Mk; ehshfpa 27Mk; jpfjp fhiy jz;lhAjghzp cw;rtk; eilngWk;. ,J khk;goj; jpUtpoh vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ. mNj jpdk; khiy xUKfj; jpUtpohTk;> 23Mk; ehshfpa 28Mk; jpfjp khiy rg;gwj; jpUtpohTk;> 24Mk; ehshfpa 29Mk; jpfjp fhiy ,uNjhw;rtKk;> 25Mk; ehshfpa 30Mk; jpfjp fhiy jPh;j;Njhw;rtKk; mNj ehs; khiy nfhbapwf;fKk;> kWehs; 31Mk; jpfjpad;W khiy> KUfd; jpUf;fy;ahzj;Jld; G+q;fhtd cw;rtKk; eilngwtpUf;fpd;wd. nrg;lk;gh; 1Mk; jpfjp khiy ,lk;ngWk; ituth; cw;rtj;Jld; ,t;tUl kNfhw;rtg; ngUtpoh epiwTngWfpwJ.

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tpfhhp tUlk; Mtzp - Gul;lhjp 2019


<oj;jkpoupd; gz;ghl;Lj; jiyefu;

‘ey;Y}u; ,uhrjhdp’ tUk; Mjhuq;fSk; Nghu;j;Jf;fPr Mrpupau;fspd; Fwpg;Gf;fSk; cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;wd. ,t;tpuhrjhdpapd; mikg;Gg; gw;wp aho;g;ghz itgt khiyapy; tUk; tu;zid ,g;gbr; nrhy;fpd;wJ. “ehY kjpYk; vOg;gp thrYk; xOq;fh tpL tpj;J khlkhspifAk; > $l NfhGuq;fisAk;> G+q;fhitAk; G+q;fhtd eLtpNy ];ehd kz;lgKk;> Kg;gilf; $gKk; cz; lhf;fp mf;$gj;jpy; [Kdh ejpj; jPu;j;jKk; miog;gpj;Jf; fye;J tpl;L ePjp kz;lgk; ahidg; ge;jp > Fjpiu yak;> Nrdh tPuupUg;gplk; Kjypad fl;Ltpj;J - fPo; jpir ntapYfe;j gps;isahu; NfhapiyAk; njd; jpirf;Ff; fapyha gps;isahu; NfhapiyAk;> tl jpirf;Fr; rl;l ehju; Nfhapy; ijay; ehafp mk;kd; Nfhapy; rhiy tpehafu; NfhapiyAk; mikg;gpj;jdu;”

aho;g;ghz ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; jiyefu; ey;Y}u; (ey;y Cu;) vd;W miof;fg;gl;lik Fwpg;gplw;ghyJ. ,J jkpofj;jpYs;s ,lq;fshfpa Mjpr;r ey;Y}u;> rf;futu;j;jp ey;Y}u;> ntz;iz ey;Y}u;> Nra; ey;Y}u;> tPuh ey;Y}u;> rpWj;njhz;lu; ey;Y}u;> fila ey;Y}u;> rpq;f ey;Y}u; Kjypa gy ,lg;ngau;fis xj;jjhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. jkpofj;jpd; ,j;jifa ,lnkhd;wpypUe;J ,q;F te;Njhu; jkJ jhafg; ngaiu ,g;Gjpa ,lj;jpw;Fr; #bapUf;fyhnkd;W fUjTk; ,lKz;L. aho;g;ghzj;jpw;Fj; njw;Nf G+efpup> jpUNfhzkiy Kjypa ,lq;fspYk; ey;Y}u; vd;w ngau; jhq;fpa Cu; cz;L. ey;Y}u; ,uhrjhdpapd; tlf;Nf rl;lehju; rptd;NfhapYk;> fpof;Nf ntapYfe;j gps;isahu; NfhapYk;> njw;Nf ifyhrgps;isahu; NfhapYk;> Nkw;Fj; jpirapy; tpNrlkhfg; NghUf;Fg; Gwg;gLk; Kd;G topghl;bw;nfd tPukhfhsp mk;kd; MyaKk; vd ehd;F jpirfspYk; ehd;F gok;ngUk; Myaq;fs; mike;J ,d;Wk; mUs;nghope;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. ey;Y}upNy cs;s gioa gpujhd rpthyaq;fspnyhd;W rl;lehju; MyakhFk;. jkpofj;jpNy jpUQhd rk;ge;ju;> Kj;Jj; jhz;ltu; KjypNahu; gpwe;j rPu;fhopapYk; rl;lehju; MyaKz;L vd;gJk; ,q;F xg;gpl;L Nehf;fw;ghyJ. ,t;thW gyjpwg;gl;l %yhjhuq;fisg; gad;gLj;jpNa aho;g;ghz muR Fwpg;ghf mjd; jiyefu; ey;Y}u; gw;wp XusthtJ mwpaf;$bajhfTs;sJ. Vw;fdNt Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j xUgFjpahapUe;J Nrhog; NguuR njhlu;e;J Vw;gl;l ghz;bag; NguuR Ml;rpf; fhyq;fspNy Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngw;w ey;Y}u;> fp.gp. 13 Mk; E}w;whz;by; cjak; ngw;w jkpourpd; jiyefuhfr; Rkhu; ehd;F E}w;whz;Lfshf tpsq;fpAs;sJ. ,t;tuR ,yq;ifapYs;s tl gpuhe;jpaj;jpYs;s muR Nghyf; fhzg;gbDk;> ,jpypUe;J Ml;rp Gupe;j muru;fs; KO ,yq;ifapYk; jkJ Mjpf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;j Kad;W te;Js;sikAk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. ,t;tpuhrjhdp mike;jpUe;j cz;ikahd ,lj;ijNah my;yJ mjd; tp];jPuzj;ijNah G+uzkhf mwpaf; $ba mstpw;Fj; njhy;ypaw; rhd;Wfs; fpilf;ftpy;iy. fpilj;j rhd;Wfis itj;Jf; nfhz;L Nehf;Fk; NghJ ,t;tpuhrjhdp jw;Nghja ey;Y}u;f; fe;jd; Myaj;Jf;F Kd;dhy; cs;s %d;W iky; Rw;Wtl;lj;jpDs; ,Ue;jpUf;fyhk; vd;W Cfpf;f Kbfpd;wJ. ,jd; vy;iyf;Fs; tuyhw;Wg; goik tha;e;j nfhOk;Gj;JiwAk;> gz;izj; JiwAk; mlq;Ffpd;wd. ,ij aho;g;ghz itgtkhiyapy;

ïªJ xË

,f;$w;wpy; ngUksT cz;ikapUf;fyhk; vd;gij gwq;fpj;njU gpujhd tPjpapYk;> FWf;F tPjpapYk; cs;s gy tPLfs; gioikahd fw;fisf; nfhz;L fl;lg;gl;bUg;gijf; fhzyhk;. M. Kj;Jj;jk;gpg;gps;is jkJ ‘aho;g;ghzr; rupj;jpuk;’ vd;Dk; E}ypy;. ey;Y}u; Nfhl;ilapy; ,Ue;j fw;rhrdq;fs; ,q;Fs;s tPLfspy; itj;Jf; fl;lg; gl;bUg;gjhff; $wpAs;shu;. ,jw;Fr; rhd;whf ,q;Fs;s gpujhd tPjpapy; ,Uf;Fk; NjePu;f; filnahd;wpd; thrw; gFjpapy; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l fy;ntl;nlhd;whFk;. ,f;fy;ntl;L ,d;ndhU fl;blj;jpd; J}zhfNth my;yJ fjT epiyapd; xU ghfkhfNth ,Ue;jpUf;f Ntz;Lnkdj; njupfpwJ. Ie;jiu mb ePsKk; VO mq;Fy mfyKk; nfhz;l ,f;fy;ntl;by; 25 tupfspy; jkpo; vOj;Jf;fs; cs;sd. ,jpy; 15 tupfis kl;Lk; njspthf thrpf;f KbfpwJ. mtw;wpypUe;J ,f;fy;ntl;L gjpide;jhk; E}w;whzby; ey;Y}upypUe;J Ml;rp Gupe;j Mwhk; guhf;fpukghFtpw;FupaJ vd;gJ njupa tUfpwJ. 5

tpfhhp tUlk; Mtzp - Gul;lhjp 2019


rkPgj;jpy; tPLfl;b te;jpUf;Fk; gb trjp gz;zpdhu;fs;”. jw;Nghija ey;Y}u;g; gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; aho;g;ghz kd;du;fhyf; fl;llq;fs; vitAk; KOikahf ,y;yhtpl;lhYk;> mq;Fs;s ke;jpupkid> rq;fpypad; Njhg;G tisT> ,uhrhtpd; Njhl;lk;> gz;lhu khspif> gz;lhuf; Fsk; Nghd;w ngau;fSk;> ,t;tplq;fspy; mope;j epiyapy; cs;s fl;blr; rpijTfSk; mf;fhy ey;Y}u; ,uhrjhdpia ,d;Wk; epidTgLj;Jtdthf cs;sd. ,t;tuyhw;Wr; rpd;dq;fs; rpwpJ rpwpjhf mope;J nfhz;Lk; jdpahuhy; Mf;fpukpf;fg;gl;Lf; nfhz;Lk; ,Ug;gJ kpfTk; Ntjidf;Fupa tplak;. ,J njhlu;gpy; rk;ge;jg;gl;l mjpfhupfs; cldbahfr; nraw;gl;L mj;njhy;nghUs; rpd;dq;fisg; ghJfhf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ RNjr czu;Ts;s xt;nthU jkpodJk; Ntz;LNfhshf mikfpd;wJ.

,e;j murdpd; Ml;rp ey;Y}upy; ,Ue;jnjd;gij ,yf;fpa Mjhuq;fs; njuptpj;jpUe;jhYk;> mij cWjpg;gLj;jf; fpilj;jpUf;Fk; xNunahU rhrdk; ,f;fy;ntl;lhFk;. ,Nj Nghy; ey;Y}u; ,uhrjhdpf;Fupa gy fw;rhrdq;fSk;. fw;W}z;fSk; aho;g;ghzf; Nfhl;ilapy; itj;Jf; fl;lg;gl;bUg;gjhf M. Kj;Jj;jk;gpg;gps;is NkYk; $wpAs;shu;. mt;thwhdit aho;g;ghzf; Nfhl;ilapy; ,Jtiu fz;Lgpbf;fg;gltpy;iy vd;whYk;> Nfhl;ilapd; Nkw;Fg; gFjpapy; fhzg;gLk; fw;W}z;fspy; xd;wpy; nrJf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; Neu;j;jpahd jhkiur; rpw;gk; ,f;$w;iw cWjpg;gLj;Jtjhf mike;Js;sJ. “gwq;fpfs; Ml;rpapid xg;Gf;nfhz;L ey;Y}upw;Fs;Ns FbapUe;J nfhz;L jq;fs; fUkq;fis elj;jpg; Gwf; Nfhl;il kjpy;fis ,bg;gpj;J mf; fw;fisf; nfhz;L Ngha;f; fly; Xuj;jpNy rq;fpypaurd; ,bg;gpj;Jg; gutptpl;l jq;fs; Nfhl;ilia kWgb Nfhl;ilahff; fl;b mjd; fPo;g; Gwj;jpNy tPLfisAk; murhl;rp kz;lgq;fisAk; fl;Ltpj;Jf; Fbf:

ey;Y}u;f; fe;jRthkp Nfhapypd; \z;Kfu; re;epjpf;F> Rtu;z tpkhdk;

ey;Y}u; fe;jRthkp Mya \z;Kfu; ];tu;z tpkhd (jq;ftpkhdk; my;yJ nghw;$iu) Fk;ghgpN\fk; fle;j 2018k; Mz;L kNfhw;rtj;jpd; fhu;j;jpifj; jpUtpohthd Gul;lhjp khjk; 2k; jpfjp eilngw;wJ. fhiy 06 kzpastpy; Muk;gkhd tpNrl G+ir topghLfisj; njhlu;e;J Ie;J gpujhd Fk;gq;fisr; rpthr;rhupau;fs; Ve;jp cs;tPjp tyk; te;J> nghw;$iu kPJs;s fyrq;fSf;Fg; G+i[fs; eilngw;wJ. mjidj; njhlu;e;J tre;jkz;lgg; G+ir ,lk;ngw;W Kj;Jf;Fkhu Rthkp ts;sp nja;thid rNkjuuha; jq;f kapy; thfdj;jpy; vOe;jUsp cs;tPjp cyh te;J> fhiy 6.45 kzpastpy; Ntj ghuhazk; Xjp kq;fs ,ir xypf;f fyr mgpN\fk; eilngw;wJ. ,e;jf; Fk;ghgpN\ff; fpupiafis elhj;Jtjw;F> njd;dpe;jpahtpy; rpjk;guk; = eluh[u; jpUf;Nfhapiyr; Nru;e;j = rpt= Iag;g rNgr jP~pju; cs;spl;l ehd;F G+[;a = jP~pju;fSk; ,d;Dk; rpy Ntj gz;bju;fSk; tUif je;jpUe;jdu;. jkpofj;jpy; rpjk;guk; eluh[u; Nfhapy;> godp jz;lhAjghzp Rthkp Nfhapy;> jpUg;gjp =uq;fehju; Nfhapy;> fhQ;rp fhkhl;rpak;kd; Nfhapy; Nghd;w Myaq;fspy; jq;f tpkhdq;fs; cs;sd. ,yq;ifapy; nghw;$iu Nta;e;j Kjy; Myak; ey;Y}u;f; fe;jRthkp Myak; vd;gJk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

ïªJ xË

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tpfhhp tUlk; Mtzp - Gul;lhjp 2019


ca;a itg j i ; j ;Ngh ,e;;Jf;fs; ,e;j cyfpdpy; af t vq;nfy;yhk; gue;J tho;fpwhu;fNsh> d;! mq;nfy;yhk; rpwe;J tpsq;FtJ i KUf topghL. m/J gujfz;lj;jpYk; gutyhf ,lk;ngWfpwJ. ,e;jpahtpd; tlGyj;jpy; ];fe;j topghL i ! ! ; ,lk;ngWfpwJ. jkpou;fNsh jkpo;f; t jhiuA hd g fe;jidf; ifnjhOfpd;whu;fs;. mofd; ; N g k ; th o i t KUfdplk; Mir itf;fpd;whu;fs;. mtDk; NfhykapNyhL kl;Lky;y> ige;jkpo;g; gz;ghl;Lf;Nfhy vopNyhLk; mtu;fl;Ff; fhl;rp jUfpd;whd;. ‘KUF’ vdpy; mUe;jkpopy; moifAk; Fwpf;Fk;. ,sikiaAk; Fwpf;Fk;. mofpy; jkpOk; Mlhj Ma;kapy; mirahj G+e;jspu;; Xlhj ts fq;if xapyhd ,s kq;if vdyhk;. mts;jhd; thOk; nkhopfspd; tajhd ,skfs;. Re;juj; jkpo; mzq;fpd; rPu; ,sikj; jpwk; jid tpae;J nray; kwe;J tho;j;jpatu; kNdhd;kzpa Mrpupau; Re;judhu; kl;Lky;yNt!

fdf - kNdhfud; (rl;lj;juzp) Jwg;gtu;fs;. ,e;j ,Urhuhu; tho;tpYk; KUf topghL mjp Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngw;wpUf;fpd;wJ. mtu;fs; tz;z kapypdpy; tUthid mz;zhkiyg; ngUkhsJk; cz;zhKiy cikahsJk; mUk;ngwy; Ngwhf mq;fPfupj;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;. fe;jNtis ve;jNtisAk; njhOjhy; nehe;j Ntis me;j Nts; tUthd;> mUs; jUthd; vd ek;Gfpd;whu;fs;. mtu;fs; kdk; cUfp topgLk; KUfd;> gpuzt ke;jpuj;jpd; nghUs; mwpahj gpukidNa tUj;jpatd;. mg;nghUis nka;g;nghUshd mg;gDf;Nf czu;j;jpatd;. mtu;fisg; nghWj;jkl;by; gukrptDk; rptFUehjd;. mtd; ,isakfDk; rptFUehjd;. Kd;dtd; rptdhfpa FUehjd;> gpd;dtd; rptDf;Nf FUtha; mike;j ehjd;. irtg; ngUkf;fs; njhe;jpcs ehafid “Ke;jp tpehafd;” vd tpopf;fpwhu;fs;. mtu;fSs; xUrhuu; “Kjy; tzf;fk; vq;fs; KUfDf;Nf” vd mspf;fpwhu;fs;.

nja;tf; fdypy; fU Mdtd;! ngha;ifg; Gdypy; cU Mdtd;!! #uu; Fyk; mopa> Njtu; Jau; mfy> Kf;fz;zd; jdJ %d;whk; fz; jpwf;f> Mq;F %tpU mdw; nghwpfs; gpwf;f> mit rutzg; ngha;ifapy; jhkiu kyu;fspy; MW jpUKfq;fs; Mfpg; gpd;du; %tpU Kfq;fs; cs;s xUjpU KUfdhf cU vLf;fpwJ. ,t;Tz;ikia ,r;nrfj;jhu; fr;rpjkha; mwpe;jplf; fr;rpag;gu; tbj;j ftpij tupfs;> “mUtKk; cUTkhfp ... mdhjpaha;g; gytha; xd;wha; ... gpukkha; epd;w Nrhjpg; gpok;gNjhu; Nkdpahff; ... fUiz $u; Kfq;fshWk; ... fuq;fs; gd;dpuz;Lq; nfhz;Nl ... xUjpU KUfd; te;jhq; Fjpj;jdd; ... cyfk; ca;a.”

MW giltPL cilahd;! MWjy;jU gPL cilahd;!! jkpo; ehl;by; Mapuf; fzf;fpy; MWKfDf;F Myaq;fs; cz;L. mtw;wpDs;> NkjhtpyhrKk;> Nkyhd mUs;thrKk; nfhz;like;jit MWgil tPLfs;. MW jiykPJ nfhz;ltd; gukd;. MW giltPLfs; nfhz;ltd; mtd; Fkud;. jfg;gd; rhkpf;F ctg;ghd xU kiy Rthkpkiy. gd;dpU ifNahdpd; ,d;Ndhu; ,Uf;if jpUj;jzpif. jpUj;jzpifapy; jidg; gzpgtu; Jau; fisfpwhd;. Qhdg;gok; eP vd mUfizNthu;f;F goepapy; mUs;kio nghopfpwhd;. jpUg;guq;Fd;wpy; mtd; rpupf;fpwhd;. jpUj;jKs jkpioj; jpdk; urpf;fpwhd;. KUfid “Fd;wpUf;Fk; ,lk; vy;yhk; Fb ,Uf;Fk; Fkud;” vd;gu;. Fd;W Njhwhly; nfhz;bUg;gtd; vq;fs;

fypAfj;jhu; fyp mfw;w te;j jpupGuk; vupj;j rptike;jd; fypAff; fe;jd; vDk; miongaUk; nfhz;ltd;.

fypAf tujd;! ftpd; jkpo;f; Fkud;!! fe;jNts; fypAfj;jpw;F kl;Lky;y> ftpd;jkpo; cyfpw;Fk; jiytdhf vy;NyhuhYk; Vw;fg;gLgtd;> Vw;wpAk; Nghw;wg;gLgtd;. jkpoupd; jifrhy; tho;T xU kjk; rhu; tho;T. jkpo; khe;jUs; ,y;ywj;jhu; mbKb ,yhid KOKjw; gpuhdhf epidg;gtu;fs;. Jwtwj;jhu; me;j Mjp me;jkpyhd; epidtpy; nrhe;j ge;jq;fisj;

ïªJ xË

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tpfhhp tUlk; Mtzp - Gul;lhjp 2019


tho;thq;F tho;Nthk; vd;dpy;> vkJ cs;sq;fs; fglq;fs; ,yhj ,ja fkyq;fs; Mf ,Uf;Fk; vd;dpy;> vq;fs; ,y;yq;fs; jhdq;fs; ju;kq;fs; jq;Fk; jlhfq;fs; Mf epiyf;Fk; vd;dpy;> vq;fs; kq;ifau;fs; kh jtu;fshf ,Ug;gu; vd;dpy;> mtu;jk; gq;faf; ifeyk; ghupy; mwq;fs; tsu;f;Fk; vd;dpy;> md;gpdJk; mwj;jpdJk; ,Ug;gplq;fshf mtu;fs; ,Ug;gplq;fs; ,Uf;Fk; vd;dpy;> mq;F tbNtyd; tUthd;; ts;sp nja;thidNahL ciwthd;. ike;jidf; fhzj; jpup#yDk; jpupGuRe;jupAld; tUif jUthd;. kUfd; ,lj;J kidats; miykfNshL khytDk; te;JNghthd;. ,e;epiyapy; vq;fs; tPLfs; fy;yha; kz;zha; fjtha; epiyaha; epkpu;e;J epw;Fk; tPLfshf my;y flTs;fs; eprkha; - epiyaha; mku;e;jpUf;Fk; Nfhtpy;fshf khwptpLk;. “Nfh” fs; te;jhy;> ciwe;jhy; me;j ,y; vyhk; Nfhtpy;fs; jhNk? (ed;wp: “nfskhuk;”)

Fd;WUt Ntytd;. ,e;j khy; kUfd; kiyfspy; MirNahL tPw;wpUf;fpd;whd;. mNjNtisapy; miyfly; XiriaAk; Nfl;bUf;fpd;whd;. “fly; MLk; ,lk; vd;why; fe;jDf;Fk; Mir> mtd; thOk; ,lnky;yhk; miyflypd; Xir”

gz;nzhL mike;j ghlybfs; ,it. “Mir jUk; ,d;gk; Xu; Mapuq;fs; fz;ljpNy> Xir jUk; ,d;gk; ctikapyh ,d;gkd;Nwh?” vd;w cz;ikia Xir eak; nfhz;l ,e;jf; ftpij tupfs; xg;GWjp nra;fpd;wd. $u;Nty; KUfd; jpUr;nre;J}u; efupy; re;jf; fly; ePu;j;jp tiyfspy; jhd; eide;Jk; ,Uf;fpd;whd;. gf;jpg; gutrf; flypy; jd; gf;jiu eidj;Jk; ,Uf;fpd;whd;. Nfhtpy; tPL MdJ> tPLk; Nfhtpy; MtJ kdpju; ciwAk; kidfis tPLfs; vd;fpd;Nwhk;. Gdpjj; nja;tq;fs; ciwAk; ,lq;fisf; Nfh+,y;fs; vd;fpd;Nwhk;. ,e;j tpjpf;F tpyf;fhf MWKfg; ngUkhd; ciwfpd;w MW Nfhtpy;fis MW giltPLfs; vd;fpd;Nwhk;. Vd;? “gs;spj; jyk; midj;Jk; Nfhtpy; nra;FNthk;.” ehkfs; ciwAk; $lq;fis ehd;khlf; Nfhtpy;fshff; fhz tpioe;jtd; ghujp vd;w ghl;Lf;F xU Gytd;. gs;spj;jyq;fs; kl;Lky;y jdpkdpju; mfq;fs;$lf; Nfhtpy;fs; Mfpl KbAk;. ehk; itafj;jpy;

“nre;jkpohy; ce;jDf;F....” ÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖ

nre;jkpoh Ye;jDf;F khiy njhLj;Njd; - jkpo;j; nja;tkhd fe;jNd cd; tPjp gLj;Njd; rpe;jpL Kd; Gd;difiaf; fz;L urpj;Njd; ey;iyj; Njubapy; te;JdJ fhypy; tpOe;Njd;

re;epjpapy; ce;jdJ Njiu vupj;jhu;fs; -jkpo; je;jtNd vq;fSf;F rhit tpijj;jhu;fs; tpz;zjpuf; Fz;L kio ,d;W nghopthu;fs; -vq;fs; NtytNd md;dtu;fs; vd;W tpOthu;fs;?

ghrKld; ehd; miof;f ey;y top fhl;L - ce;jd; gj;jpdpfNshnldf;F te;J Kfq; fhl;L thrnyq;Fk; vupAijah ce;jd; tpop fhl;L ,g;Ngh ts;sp nja;tahidAld; vd;d tpisahl;L

nre;jkpohy; ce;jDf;F khiy njhLj;Njd; - jkpo; nja;tkhd fe;jNd cd; tPjp gLj;Njd; rpe;jp tUk; Gd;difiaf; fz;L urpj;Njd; ey;iyj; Njubapy; te;JdJ fhypy; tpOe;Njd;”

ePapUf;Fk; tPjpapNy Nga;fs; ,Uf;fhJ ey;Y}u; tPL njhONthu;fSf;F Jd;gk; ,Uf;fhJ thapUf;Fk; tiuAidNa ghb MLNtd; -jpdk; thrypNy te;jpUe;J cd;id NjLNtd;

ïªJ xË

ghliy ,aw;wpatu;: GJit ,uj;jpdJiu ghbatu;: tu;zuhNk];tud; ,ir: ,irthzu; fz;zd;

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tpfhhp tUlk; Mtzp - Gul;lhjp 2019


Ntjq;fSk; jz;lhAjghzpapd; ngUikAk; (‘ru;trhjfu;’ v];.Mu;. Rthkpehj FUf;fs;> Rthkpkiy)

epfpU\; itu ]khAij: fhiyU `upj;t khgd;id:| ,e;j;uh ah`p ]`];uAF mf;dpu; tpg;uh\;b t]d:| thAr;Ntj]pfj;Uf:| ]k;tj;]u: tp\_tu;iz:| epj;ah];NjD ruh];jgh| ]_g;u`;kz;Nah`k;| ]_g;u`;kz;Nah`k;| ]_g;u`kz;Nahk;||

‘m’ fhNuh tp\;Z Uj;up\;l ‘c’ fhuh];J kNfr;tu: ‘k’ fhuh];J ];k;UNjh gpUk;kh gpuzt];jp j;upahj;kf: mfhu cfhu kfhuk; ,ize;j gpuzt ];t&gk; mtNu. mtNu gpUk;kh tp\;Z Uj;u ];t&gp. ,tNu Ntjj;jpd; nghUs;.

guNk];tudplkpUe;J Kjyhtjhfj; Njhd;wpaJ Rg;ukz;aNk. ‘ahNj Uj;u rpth jD}:” vd;fpwJ Uj;u ke;jpuk;. MnwOj;J Rg;ukz;a ke;jpuj;ijf; fz;Lgpbj;j fhuzj;jpdhy;> rdj;Fkuu;> mk;ke;jpuj;jpd; up\pahff; $wg;gLfpwhu;. KUfd; gpUk;kkhdjpdhy;jhd; Ntj khjhNt mtidg; gw;wp vJTk; $whky; ‘Rg;gpukz;Nahk;’ vd;W Kk;Kiw $WtJld; epWj;jp tpLfpwhs;. ‘eNkh `puz;a gh`Nt N]dhd;Na’ ... vd;W Uj;jpuj;jpy; tUfpwJ. ‘cs;Sk; GwKKs;s giftu;fis mbNahL mopf;Fk; Nrdhgjpf;F tzf;fk;’ vd;W ,jd; nghUs;. ,J KUfidNa Fwpf;Fk; vd;W nfhs;syhk;. = fpU\;z gukhj;kh> jd; fPijapy; ‘gilj;jiytu;fspy; fe;jdhf tpsq;FfpNwd;’ vd;fpwhu;. uhkhazj;jpd; ghy fhz;lj;jpy; thy;kPfp> tpRthkpj;jpuu; thapyhff; fe;jdpd; mtjhug; ngUikia ntspapLfpwhu;. Fkhu rk;gt]; irt jd;a: Gz;a];j ijyr gf;j];ra: fhu;j;jpNfNa fhF];j Gtpkhdt: MA\;khd; Gj;u ngsj;u]; r ];fe;j ]hNyhf;ajhk; tpuN[j;||

Ntjj;jpy; ‘Xk;’ ar; re;j]hk; U\Ngh tp];t&g: re;Njhg; Nahj; ak;Ujhj; ]k;G+t| ]Nke;j;Nuh Nkjah];g;UNzhJ| mk;Uj];a Njt jhuNzh G+ah]k;| ruPuk; Nk tpru;\zk;| [p`;th Nk kJkj;jkh| fu;zhg;ahk; G+up tpr;Utk;| gpu`;kz: NjhN]h]p Nkjah g`pj:| r;Ujk; Nk Nfhgha|| (ijj;uPa cgep\j;.) “ ‘vJ Ntjq;fSs; rpwe;jNjh> ru;t&gkhf ,Uf;fpwNjh> Ntjkhfpa mkpUjj;jpypUe;J cz;lhapw;Nwh> me;j ‘Xk;’ vdf;Fg; gpuf;iQiaf; nfhLf;fl;Lk;’. mkpUjj;Jtj;jpw;F VJthd gpuk;k Qhdj;ij ehd; juprpf;fr; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. me;j Qhdj;ijg; ngwj; jFjpAs;sjhf> gyKs;sjhf> ruPuk; Mfl;Lk;. vd; thf;F ,dpjhfl;Lk;. kJukhd thu;j;ijfis vg;NghJk; cr;rupf;fl;Lk;. vd; nrtp ey;y tp\aq;fisf; Nfl;fl;Lk;. Xk;fhuNk! eP gpu`;kj;jpd; ciwNghy tpsq;Ffpwha;. gpu`;k Qhdk;; gw;wpa vd; mwpitf; fhj;J mUs;tha;. ehd; Nfl;lij kwthkypUf;fr; nra;tha;.” ‘Xk;’ vd;w gjNk ke;jpuq;fspy; ,y;iy. ,e;jpud; vd;w gjk; ,Uf;fpwJ. gRf;$l;lj;jpd; kj;jpapy; up\ gk; Nghy ke;jpuq;fspilNa rpwe;J tpsq;Ffpwhd;. ,e;jpud; vd;why; Xk; fhuk; vd;gJjhd; mu;j;jk;. tpRt&gk;> Ntjkhfpa mkpUjj;jpypUe;J vOe;jJ vy;yhk; Xk; fhuj;ijNa Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

Fkuf; flTspd; gpwg;igg; gw;wpg; gbf;fpwtu;fSf;Fr; nry;tk; nfhopf;Fk;. ghtk; mfd;W Gz;zpak; te;jilAk;. kfhghujj;jpy; gy ,lq;fspy; tPuu;fisg; gw;wpg; NgRk; ,lq;fspy; vy;yhk; tpahru; KUfidNa Fwpg;gpl;bUf;fpwhu;. gP\;ku; gilj;jiyikia Vw;gjw;F Kd;> KUfid Ntz;bf;nfhs;fpwhu;. ek];f;Uj;a Fkhuha N]dhd;Na rf;jpghzNa m`k; N]dhgjp]; Njj;a gtp\;ahkp e]k; ra:||

‘Xk;’ fhuj;jpd; cs;nshspaha; tpsq;Fgtd; KUfd; ‘Xq;fhuj; Js;nshspf; Fs;Ns KUfDUtk; fz;L’ vd;fpwhu;> mUzfpupahu; jd; fe;juyq;fhuj;jpy;.

mtNd gpuztg;nghUs; Ntjj;jpd; tpj;jhd Xk; vd;w gpuztj;jpd; nghUNs Rg;gpukz;ak;jhd;.

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MW tif vd;W nrhy;yg;gLk;. ,J fhzhgj;ak;> irtk;> it\;ztk;> nfskhuk;> nrsuk;> rhf;jk; vd;gijf; Fwpf;Fk;. ieahapfk;> itNr\pfk;> rhq;fpak;> Nahfk;> G+u;tkPkhk;i]> cj;jpukPkhk;i] vd;W MW juprdq;fisAk; Fwpf;Fk;. vy;yhr; rkaq;fisr; Nru;e;jtu;fisAk; KUfd; Ie;njhopy; Gupe;J fhj;J ul;rpf;fpwhu;.

‘Ntj Xk; vy;yhk; tpsq;f czu;j;jp’ - rptDf;Nf gpuzt jj;Jtj;ij cgNjrpj;jtu; KUfg;ngUkhd;. ‘mwpT Mw;wy; vDk; mapy;Nty; Ve;jp’ - Nty; Qhdj;jpd; rpd;dk; - ,U kid jk;ik vkf;nfdg; Gzu;e;j - ,r;rh rf;jp> fpupah rf;jp ,UtiuAk; jd; kidtpfshff; nfhz;L. tpsq;Fk; Rg;gpukz;ak;> rr;rpjhde;j G+uz gug;gpuk;kNk. ,g; gug;gpuk;kj;jplk; ruziltJ %yk; ehNk gpuk;kkhfp tplyhk;. ,g;gbg; gpuk;k nrh&gkhtNj ifty;a Kf;jp. gilj;jy;> fhj;jy;> mopj;jy;> kiwj;jy;> mUsy; Mfpa Ie;njhopy;fisAk; nra;gtd; KUfd;. ,iwtd; mj;Jthf;fs; tbtKilatd; vd;gij>

Ff khia KUfd; Qhd tbthdtd;. mtDf;F ‘rpj;” vd;w ngaUk; cz;L. rpj; vd;Dk; Ffg; ngUkhdpd; rf;jpNa gpuf;Ujp khiaahjypd;> khiaf;F ‘rpj; rf;jp” ‘rpj; gpuf;Ujp” ‘Ff khia” vd;nwy;yhk; ngau;fs; cz;L. kapy; MLk;NghJ ek; ftdj;ijf; ftUfpwJ. mJ Nghy khiaAk; Nfhbf; fzf;fhd mofpa nghUs;fNshL $ba gpugQ;rk; vd;Dk; jd; Njhifia tpupj;J (rpU\;bj;J) eu;j;jdk; nra;fpwJ. kapy; Njhifia xLf;fpf; nfhs;tNj rq;fhuk;. vy;NyhiuAk; Nghy KUfd; khiaf;Ff; fl;Lg;glhky;> mjd; Nky; Vwp mjid mlf;fp Ms;fpwhu;. KUfd; kapiy thfdkhff; nfhz;Ls;s jj;Jtk; ,JNt. “nrwpT cW rpj; khiaahk; kapy; Vwp”

'mj;Jth %u;j;jpahf miwFt njd;id nadpd; ... kiwfnsy;yhk;"

... vd;fpwJ rpt Qhd rpj;jpahu;.

gpuk;kj;jpd; ciw gsgsg;ghd thSf;F ciw (ftrk;) ,Ug;gJ Nghy gpuk;kj;jpw;F ciwahf ,Uf;fpwJ Xq;fhuk;. Xq;fhuj;ijj; jpahdpg;gJk;> gpuk;kj;ijj; jpahdpg;gJk; xd;Nw. fkz;lyj;jpy; ePu; ,Uf;fpwJ. ePu; Njitg;gLk; NghJ ePiu vLj;J th vd;W nrhy;tjpy;iy> fkz;lyj;ij vLj;J th vd;fpNwhk;. ,q;Nf ePu; gpuk;kk;;> fkz;lyk; Xq;fhuk;. Xq;fhuj;jpDs; gpuk;kk; mlq;fp ,Uf;fpwJ. KUff; flTs; gw;gy tbtha; tpsq;Fk; epiyia = FkuFUguu; jd; fe;ju; fypntz;ghtpy; gpd; tUkhW Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.

gpUk;kh Kjy; gpufpUjp tiuAs;s vy;yhg; nghUs;fSk; khiaapdhy; cz;lhditNa. gpugQ;r rpU\;bapy; Kjypy; khiaapypUe;J Njhd;wpaJ ehj jj;Jtk;. ,J xyp tbthdJ. ,J Njhd;wpa gpd;Ng tpe;J Kjy; gpUj;tp <whf cs;s gpugQ;rg; nghUs;fs; vy;yhk; Njhd;wpd. ,e;j ehj jj;Jtj;ijNa KUfd; Nrtw; nfhbahff; nfhz;bUf;fpwhu;. tpbaw;fhiyapy; Kjypy; tpopj;Jf; Fuy; nfhLg;gJ Nrty;. ehj jj;Jtk; khiaapypUe;J gpupe;J te;jjhFk;.

Xq;fhuj;J cs;nshspf;Fk; cs;nshspaha; Ie;njhopw;Fk; ePq;fhj NgUUtha; epd;NwhNd - jhq;fupa 59 ke;jpuNk Nrhupah thd;gjNk khKbahj; njhe;jKWk; td;dNk njhf;fhfg; - ge;jidahy; 60 xj;j Gtdj; JUNt cNuhkkhj; jj;Jtq;f Nsrj;j jhJth - itj;j 61 fiyNa mtathf; fhl;Lk;mj;J thtpd; epiyNa tbtkh epd;Nwha; - gyNfhb 62 mz;lk; cUthfp mq;fk; ruhrukha;f; fz;lrf;jp %d;Wl; fuzkha;j; - njhz;LgLk; 63 Mtpg; GyDf;F mwpT mspg;g Ie;njhopYk; Vtpj; jdpelj;Jk; vq;NfhNt - Nkt 64 tUk;ml;l %u;j;jkhk; tho;Ntnka;Q; Qhdk; jUk;ml;l Nahfj; jtNk - gUtj;J 65

,r;ir> Qhd> fpupah rf;jpfs; tpsf;fk; ,r;ir (ts;sp)> fpupah (nja;thid) rf;jpfSld;> Qhdj;ij (Ntiy) Ve;jp KUfd; tpsq;Ffpwhd;. Mf tUk; ,r;ir mwpT ,aw;wyhy; Nghf mjpfhug; nghUshfp (fe;ju; fypntz;gh)

yak; - xd;WgLjy; Nghfk; - Ja;j;jy; mjpfhuk; - njhopy; Gupjy;

mj;Jthf;fs; khu;f;fk; ke;jpuhj;JthNt ,uj;jkhfTk;> gjhj;JthNt KbahfTk;> tu;zhj;JthNt NjhyhfTk;> Gtdhj;JthNt cNuhkkhfTk;> kw;wa jj;Jtq;fNs Vida jhJf;fshfTk;> fyhj;JthNt cWg;GfshfTk;> gy Nfhb mz;lq;fs; clyhfTk;> ,r;rh> Qhd> fpupah rf;jpfNs me;jf;fuzKkhf KUfd; tpsq;Ffpwhd;. RUq;ff; $wpd; KUfd; vq;Fk; vjpYk; tp];t&gpahf tpsq;Ffpwhd; vd;fpwhu; FkuFUguu;. 'MnwDk; rkak; midj;jpDk; cs;shu;f;F

,r;rh rf;jp kl;Lk; vq;Fk; xU jd;ikahf tpsq;Fk;> Qhd rf;jp jdpj;J epd;Wk; ,r;rh rf;jp jdpj;J epd;Wk; tpahgpg;gNj ‘yak;’. Qhd-fpupah rf;jpfs; xj;J epd;W tpahgpg;gNj ‘Nahfk;’. Qhdrf;jp kpFjpahAk; fpupahrf;jp Fiwe;Jk; my;yJ fpupahrf;jp kpFjpahAk; Qhdrf;jp Fiwe;JkpUg;gJ ‘mjpfhuk;’.

MwpU fuq;fshy; mspj;jUs; nra;Jk;"

,iwtd; Qhdrf;jpahy; mwpe;J ,r;rhrf;jpahy; gpugQ;rj;ij ,af;Fgtd;. ,t;tpuz;L rf;jpfSk;

,iwtid miltjw;fhf topfhl;Lk; rkaq;fs;

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,iwtidtpl;L epy;yhJ. ,iwtDk; mr;rf;jpfis tpl;L epy;yhd;.

,iwtd; nfhs;Sk; fUiz tbtq;fs;. ,it Nghf tbtk;> Ntf tbtk;> Nahf tbtk; vd;gjhFk;. MrPu;thjk;!!!

cU-mU tpsf;fk; cU - tbTilaJ> rfsj; jpUNkdp mU - tbtpy;yhjJ> ep~;fsj; jpUNkdp

(ed;wp : ijg;gpq; yh&l; (kNyrpah)> mUs;kpF jz;lhAjghzp jpUf;Nfhapypd; jpUf;Fl ed;dPuhl;Lg; ngUtpoh (Rf;fpy ij 19k; ehs;> 1-2-1990) rpwg;G kyupypUe;J njhFf;fg;gl;lJ.)

,it KiwNa ya> Nghf> mjpfhuk; vd;w ];jhdj;ijg; ngw;W tpsq;Fk;. cU ehd;Fk;> mU ehd;Fk;> mUcU xd;Wkhf xd;gJ tif. ,tw;iw ‘etj;jpU Ngjk;” vd;gu;. ,j;jpUTUtq;fs; Md;khtpd; gpwg;ig xopg;gjw;F

mofd; KUfdpd; mw;Gjkhd ngau;fs; 15. NrNahd; : Nra; - Foe;ij> Foe;ij tbthdtd;.

1. MWKfk;: <rhdk;> jj;GU\k;> thkNjtk;> mNfhuk;> rj;Nah[hjk; vd;w Ie;Jld; mNjhKfKk; Nru;e;J MWKfkhdJ.

16. tprhfd; : tprhf el;rj;jpuj;jpy; xspaha; cjpj;jtd;.

2. Ffd;: FwpQ;rp epyj; nja;tk;> kiyf; Fiffspy; Nfhapy; nfhz;ljhy; Ffd; Mfpwhd;.

17. Ntytd;> Ntyd; : nty;Yk; Nty; cilatd;. mwpthf> Qhd tbthf tpsq;Fk; Nty;> $u;ik> mfyk;> Mok; vd;Dk; %d;Wk; cilaJ.

3. Fkud;: kpf cau;e;jtd;> ,sikia vg;NghJk; ciltd;> gpuk;kr;rhup Mdtd;. 4. KUfd;: KUF moF vd;W nghUs;> vdNt KUfd; xg;Gikaw;w Nguofd;.

18. Kj;ijad;: gpwg;gpNyNa Kj;J xspAilaJ. kw;w kzpfs; gl;il jPl;bdhy; jhd; xspUk;. vdNt ,ay;ghfNt xspu;gtd; Kj;ijad;.

5. FUgud; : F - mQ;Qhd ,Us;> U - ePf;Fgtu;> Md;khf;fspd; mwpahik ,Uis mfw;Wgtd; FU rptDf;Fk;> mfj;jpaUf;Fk;> mUzfpupf;Fk; FUtha; epd;W gpuztj;ij cgNjrpg;gtd; FUehjd;.

19. Nrhkh];fe;jd; : r - ckh ];fe;jd;: rptd; cik KUfd;; rj;J rptk;> rpj;J - cik> Mde;jk; - fe;jd;> KUfd; Mde;j tbthdtd;.

6. fhq;Nfad;: fq;ifapd; ike;jd;. 7. fhu;j;jpNfad;: fhu;j;jpifg; ngz;fshy; tsu;e;jtd;. 8. fe;jd; : fe;J - ahid fl;Lk; jwp. fe;jd; Md;khf;fSf;Fg; gw;Wf; Nfhlha; ,Ug;gtd;. giftu; typikia mopg;gtd; ];fe;jd;. Njhs; typik kpf;ftd;. MW jpUNkdpAk; xd;whdtd;.

20. Rg;ukzpad; : R - Nkyhd> gpuk;kk; -ngupa nghUspypUe;J> epak; Njhd;wp xspu;tJ. Nkyhd ngupa gpuk;kj;jpy; ,Ue;J Njhd;wp xspu;gtd;. 21. ts;sw;ngUkhd; : KUfd;> kz;Zyfpy; mtjupj;j ts;sp ,r;rh rf;jp %yk; ,f eyd;fisAk;> tpz;Zyf kq;if nja;thid fpupah rf;jp %yk; guNyhf eyd;fisAk;> Ntypd; %yk; Qhdrf;jpiaAk; Mfpa Kk;ik eyd;fisAk;> Kf;jp eyd;fisAk; toq;Ffpwhu;fs;.

9. flk;gd; : flk;g kyu; khiy mzpe;jtd;. 10. rutzgtd; : ruk; - ehzy;> tdk; - fhL> gtd; Njhd;wpatd;> ehzy; kpf;f jz;zPu; cila fhl;by; Njhd;wpatd;.

22. MWgil tPLilNahd;: %yhjhuk;> Rthjp\;lhdk;> kzpG+ufk;> mehfjk;> tpRj;jp> Mf;iQ vd;w Mwhjhuq;fis MWgil tPLfsha; cilatd;.

11. Rthkp: Rtk; - nrhj;J> vy;yh cyfq;fisAk;> vy;yh capu;fisAk; nrhj;jhf cilatd;. Rthkp vd;w ngau; KUfDf;F kl;LNk cupaJ. Rthkp cs;s kiy Rthkp kiy.

23. kapy;thfdd; : kapy; - Mztk;> ahid -fd;kk;> ML - khia ,e;j %d;iwAk; mlf;fp thfdkha; nfhz;ltd;.

12. RNurd; : Njtu; jiytd; RNurd;.

24. jkpo; vd;why; KUfd;. KUfd; vd;why; jkpo;. ,uz;ilAk; gpupf;f Kbahj mstpw;F ,ize;Nj ,Uf;Fk;.

13. nrt;Nts;: nre;epwKilatd;> Qhdr; nrk;ik cilatd;. 14. Nre;jd; : nre;joy; gpok;gha; ,Ug;gtd;.

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ey;iyf; fe;jd; jpUT+Q;ry;

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Nty; tpUj; j k; mUzfphpehjh; miyael kpLneLe; jhdtu; epzj;jir mUe;jpg; Gue;jitNty; jhjhu; kyu;r;Ridg; goepkiy Nrhiykiy jdpg;guq; Fd;Nwufk; jzpifnre; J}upilf; fopMtp dd;Fb jlq;fly; ,yq;ifmjdpw; Nghjhu; nghopw;fjpu; fhkj; jyj;jpidg; GfOk;mt utu;ehtpdpw; Ge;jpapy; mku;e;jtd; fe;jd;KU fd;Ffd; Gq;ftd; nrq;if NtNy. 03

kfuk;ms wpilGus cuffz gzkTyp kjpAk;,u tpAkiyaNt tsnuopyp FlUoy ,ikatu;fs; Jaufy kfpo;TngW kWrpiwathQ; rpfutiu kidkWF njhWEisa kfspu;nrO nrney;fnshL jusk; ,lNt nrfrpug fpujpKjy; ejpfs;fjp ngw cjjp jplu;mila EfUk; tbNty; jfukpU fkjnkd kzkUT flfYop jUfTSk; cWts; vapWe; jionrtpAk; Ejy;tpopAk; cilaxU flTs;kfpo; jUJiztd; mkuu;FapYq; Ffukiy vapdu;Fy klkapYk; vd,Utu; Fankhlku; GupAKUfd; Fkud;mW Kfd;vjpUk; tpUJeprp ruu;mzpfs; FiyatpL nfhbaNtNy. 01 ntq;fhs fz;lu;ifr; R+yKe; jpUkhad; ntw;wpngW Rlu; MopAk; tpGju;gjp FyprKQ; #ud; Fyq; fy;yp nty;yh vdf;fUjpNa rq;f;uhk ePrapj; jUnsdj; NjtUQ; rJu;KfDk; epd;wpug;gr; rapynkhL R+uDly; xUnehbapy; cUtpNa jdpMz;ik nfhz;l neLNty; fq;fhsp rhKz;b thuhfp ,e;j;uhzp nfskhup fkyhrdf; fd;dpeh uzpFkup j;upGiugap utpmkiy nfsupfh kh\pirt rpq;fhup ahkis gthepfhu;j; jpifnfhw;wp j;upak;gfp mspj;j nry;tr; rpWtd;mW Kfd;KUfd; epUju;fs; Fyhe;jfd; nrk;nghw; wpUf;if NtNy.

mz;lu;cy FQ;Roy vz;jpirf SQ;Roy mq;fpAk; cld;RoyNt miyfly;f SQ;Roy mTzUap UQ;Roy mfpyjy KQ;RoyNt kz;ly epiwe;jutp rjNfhb kjpAjpu khzg; gpwq;fpazpAk; kzpxypap dpw;rfy jyKkU sr;rpuk tiftifap dpw;RoYk; Nty; jz;lKl Dq;nfhba ghrKl Dq;fupa re;jKl Dk;gpiwfs;Nghy; je;jKl De;joYk; ntq;fZl Dk;gfL jd;Gwk; tUQ;rkidahd; fz;LFiy Ak;nghOjpy; mQ;rnyd nkd;ruz fQ;rk;cj Tq;fUizNts; fe;jd;KU fd;Fkud; tz;Fwtu; jk;Gjy;tp fztd; mly; nfhz;l NtNy. Mykha; mTzUf; fkuUf; fKjkha; Mjtdpd; ntk;ikxspkP jupajt KeptUf; fpe;Jtpw; wz;nzd; wike;jd;g Uf;F Kw;wh %ykhk; tpidaWj; jtu;fs;ntk; gifapid Kbj;jpe;jp uu;f;F nkl;lh Kbtpyh ee;jey; Fk;gj kspj;nje;j %jz;l Kk;GfOk; Nty; Vykh ahidapd; Nfhljpw; nrhupKj;J kpd;gizf SkpO Kj;Jk; ,dpthil khd;kjk; mfpNyhL re;jdk; ,ytq;f ewtkhUe;

02

Ntjhs G+jnkhL fhspfh shj;upfSk; ntFSW grhrfzKk; ntq;fO Fld;nfhb gUe;Jnrk; Gtdj;jpy; ntk;grp xopf;fte;Nj Mjhu fklKq; fzgz tpahsKk; mlf;fpa jlf;fpupnayhk;

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Nrhkfy rg;ugh yq;fhu ju[lh #bfh yhe;jfhyu; Jq;fuf;\ fj;Nuhz fl;fFyp rQ;#y JufNf rukhk;gur; Nrktl thk;Gag; guzrq; fhguz jpfk;gu j;upak;gfkfh Njt ee;jdf[h eerNfh juFfd; nrk;nghw; wpUf;if NtNy.

jhykh kuKjw; nghUs;gilj; jpLk;vapdu; jUtepij kfpo;ed; Iad; jdpelk; Guprku KUfd;mW Kfd;Ffd; rutzf; Fkud; NtNy. 05 ge;jhl ypw;foq; fhlypw; Rlu;Cry; ghlypndh lhlypd;vyhk; goe;njt;tu; fl;fk; Jzpj;jpe;jp uw;fuR ghypj;j jpwy; Gfo;e;Nj re;jhU ehz;kyu;f; Foy;muk; igau;fSk; rrpkq;if midau;jhKe; jd;idmd; nghLghb MLk;g;u jhgKk; jiyikAk; ngw;w itNty; ke;jhfpepj;juq; fr;rby Uf;fupa ke;j;ucg Njr ey;Fk; tuNjrp fd;fpQ;R fr;rpfh yq;fhu thuzf; nfhb cau;j;Njhd; nfhe;jhu; kyu;f;flk; GQ;nrr;ir khiyAq; FtisAQ; nrq;fhe;jSq; $jhs kyUe; njhLj;jzpA khu;gpdd; Nfhyj; jpUf;ifNtNy. mz;lq;fs; xUNfhb MapDq; Fyfpup mee;jkh apDNktpdhy; milaTU tpg;Gwk; Nghtjy; yJjq;fy; mwpahJ R+uDliyf; fz;lk; glg;nghUJ fhyDq; FiyTWq; fbanfhiy GupA kJnrq; fefh ryj;ijf; file;JKid apl;Lf; fLf;fpd;w Jq;f neLNty; jz;le; jEj;jpfpup rq;Ffl; fq;nfhz;l jhdthe; jfd;khatd; joy;tpopf; nfhLtupg; gUTlw; g/wiyj; jkdpar; Rbifapd; Nky; tz;nlhd;W fkyj;J kq;ifAq; fly;Mil kq;ifAk; gjk;tUlNt kJkyu;f; fz;Japy; KFe;jd;kU fd;Ffd; thifj; jpUf;if NtNy.

06

07

khKjy; jbe;Jjz; ky;Ffpup A+LNgha; typajh dtu;khu;gplk; topfz;L fkygt dj;jidr; rpiwapl;L kfthd; jidr;rp iwtpLj; NjhktpU bj;jiytu; Mrpngw; Wau;thdpy; ck;gu;nrhw; Wjpngw;Weh cilafP ud;jdJ ghly;ngw; WyFjdpy; xg;gpy;Gfo; ngw;w itNty;

08

NjLjw; fupjhd etkzp mOj;jpapL nrq;fuid aKjk; tha;nfhs; nrakspj; jUnsdf; nfdctg; nghLte;J Nrtb gpbj;jnjdTk; ePLikf; fly;Rl;l jpw;file; njOflYk; ePnaikf; fhf;f vdTk; epgplKb nebafpup ve;jikf; fhntdTk; epfo;fpd;w Jq;fneLNty; MLikf; fzgzf; fjpu;Kbg; Gilnaapw; wlnyupf; nfhba cf;u moy;tpopg; gLnfhiyf; filafl; nrtpapDf; furpidj; jdpnaLj;Nj rhLikg; Ganydg; gRepwr; rpfupapw; wha;jpkpj; Jldbf;FQ; rkukapy; thfdd; mkuu;njhO ehafd; rz;Kfd; jd;if NtNy.

09

tyhupay yhFykp yhjfy Ntfupa khywpA ehY kiwE}y; tyhdiy tpyhdrp tpyhd;kiy tpyhdptu; kNehya cyhrk; cwNt cyhtU fNyhyk fuhya ryq;fSk; cNyhfepiy ePu;epiyapyh nthyhnthyp eprhruu; cNyhfk njyhkoy; cyhtpa epyhT nfhiyNty; rpyhtl fyhtpneh jthrpyp Kfhtpnyhr dhrpd rpyhj zptpyh rpyhkyu; vyhkjpa Nkhjkjp Nrnyhopa Nrtf ruhg Kfpyhk; tpyhrfyp ahzfiy NrugR NkiyKiy Nktpa tpyhr mfyd; tpyhopap dpyhopafy; thdpy;mdy; MutpL Ntok;,is Qd;if NtNy.

10

‘’eP vdf;F xU ,iyiaf; nfhL> my;yJ G+itf; nfhL> ,y;iy> xU goj;ijf;; nfhL. mJTk; ,y;iynad;why; nfhQ;rk; jz;zPu; nfhL. vijf; nfhLj;jhYk; gf;jpNahL nfhL. Rj;jkhd kdk; cs;std; gf;jpNahL nfhLg;gij ehd; tpUk;gpr; rhg;gpLNtd;.” (=kj; gftj; fPij)

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14

tpfhhp tUlk; Mtzp - Gul;lhjp 2019


rpe;jidf;fpdpa fe;jGuhzk; ePu;it. jp.kA+ufpup ru;kh

rk;];f;Ujj;jpy; gjpnzz; Guhzq;fs; cs;sd: irtk;> gtp\;ak;> khu;f;fz;Nlak;> ypq;fk;> ];fhe;jk;> tuh`k;> thkdk;> kj;]ak;> $u;kk;> gpuk;khz;lk;> fhUlk;> ehujPak;> it\;ztk;> ghftjk;> gpuk;kk;> gj;kk;> Mf;Ndak;> gpuk;kiftu;j;jdk; vd;gtw;Ws; ];fe;jGuhzk; vd;w k`hGuhzKk; xd;W. “KUfg;ngUkhdpd; jpUtuyhwhfpa fe;jGuhzj;ijf; fhjYld; ,g;Gtpapy; gbg;Nghu;> Nfl;Nghu;> epidg;Nghu; ahtUk; ,e;jpuidg; Nghyj; jiyikj;JtKk; ,d;gKk; kpf;f tho;it tho;e;J ,Wjpapy; gukhde;j epiyahfpa rptgjg; NgWk; ngWtu;” vd;W E}w;gaid tpje;J ciuf;fpwJ ,g;ghly;: “,e;jpuhfpg; ghu; Nky; ,d;gKw;wpdpJ Nktpr; rpe;ijapy; epide;j Kj;jp rptfjp mjdpy; Nru;tu; me;jpkpy; mTzu; jq;fs; mly; nflKdpe;j nrt;Nts; fe;jNts; Guhzk; jd;idf; fhjypj;NjhJNthNu” ngUikkpf;f ,g;Guhzj;jpYs;s MW ngupa rq;fpijfSs; xd;W rq;furq;fpij. ,r;rq;fpijapYs;s gjpd;%d;whapuk; ];Nyh`q;fshy; Mf;fg;ngw;wJ rptu`];a fhz;lk; vd;w cau;e;j gFjp. ,jpy; VO fhz;lq;fs; cs;sd. mt;NtO fhz;lq;fSs; Kjd;ikahd MW fhz;lq;fis ,izj;J moFj; jkpopy; ‘fe;jGuhzk;’ vd;w Qhdf;fsQ;rpakhf je;jpUf;fpwhu; fr;rpag;g rpthr;rhupahu;.

ïªJ xË

ngh.gp 12> 13k; E}w;whz;Lfspy;> jkpofj;jpd; fhQ;rpapy;> FkuNfhl;lk; KUfd; Mya mu;r;rfuhfj; jpfo;e;jtu; fr;rpag;g rpthr;rhupahu;. KUfNd ‘jpfl rf;fu’ vd;W Kjy; mbnaLj;Jf; nfhLf;f 10345 mUe;jkpo;r; nra;As;fshy; fe;jGuhzj;ij mtu; Mf;fpapUf;fpwhu;. ‘cgNjr uj;dhfuk;’ vd;W Nghw;wg;gLk; fe;jGuhzk; fhg;gpa ,yf;fzq;fs; kpf;fjhf> rpj;jhe;jf; fUj;Jf;fspd; nrwpTilajhf> jj;Jthu;j;j cz;ikfs; nghUe;jg; ngw;wjhf mike;jpUf;fpwJ. jkpo;f; fe;jGuhzj;jpd; jkpo; eilAk; tpae;J eae;J cz;z Ntz;baJ. KUfg;ngUkhdhNyNa Mizaplg;ngw;W> mtdhNyNa jpdKk; guprPyid nra;ag;ngw;wJ. MapDk;> muq;Nfw;wj;jpy; mwpQu; Kd;wypy; ,yf;fzr; re;Njfk; cz;lhdJ. mg;NghJ fe;jNtl; ngUkhNd rpWtbT jhq;fp te;J> jd;dhy; mq;fPfupf;fg;ngw;w E}y; mJ vd;W ahtUk; mwpar; re;Njfk; ePf;fpdhu;. kpfj; njspthf ‘,iwahiz’ ngw;w E}y; fe;jGuhzk; vd;gJ irtj;jkpo; kf;fspd; ek;gpf;if. mupa jj;Jtg;Gijay; fe;jGuhzk; xU jj;Jtg;Gijay;. ,g;Guhzj;jpd; xt;nthU epiyapYk; ,jid czu;e;J mDgtpf;f Ntz;Lk;. fe;jd; ,sikapd; tbtk;. Mw;wypd; epiyak;. vd;Wk; ,isahd;> vtu;f;Fk; kpfg;ngupahd;> vd;Wk; mofpahd; vd;W rehjd ju;kk; NghyNt tpsq;FgtNd me;j ];fe;jd; vd;w KUfd;. mtdJ kidtpauhfg; fe;jGuhzk; ,U Njtpaiuf; fhl;Lk;. mtDila tyJ gf;fk; tpsq;Fgts; ts;sp. mts; ,r;rh rf;jp. kz;Zyfpy; gpwe;J tsu;e;jts;. jkpo;kfs;. NtLtdhd ek;gpuh[d; Gjy;tp. mj;Njtp ,fNyhf Rfj;ijj; jUths;. mj;Njtpia KUfd; fhe;ju;t tpthfk; nra;J nfhz;lhd;. KUfdpd; ,lJ gf;fk; vOe;jUSgts; NjtNrdh. tpz;Zyfpy; gpwe;jts;. Njtuh[dpd; Gjy;tp. fpupahrf;jp. mtis ,iwtd; fw;G Kiwapy; gpuk;k 15

tpfhhp tUlk; Mtzp - Gul;lhjp 2019


mtdUshNy mtd; jhs; tzq;FjNy Kf;jp. ,jidg; ngw;whd; #ud;. ,r;rk;gtj;ij ‘#ud; ngw;w NgW’ vd;W nfhz;lhLthu;fs;. Md;khf;fs; ey;ywpit ehbj; jtpf;Fk; NghJ ,iwtNd FUthf te;J mUs;thd; vd;gij rptdhu; rdfhjp Kdptu;fs; ehy;tUf;F cgNjrpj;jik Rl;LfpwJ. rptdhu; fhkid vupj;jJk; fhyidf; fhyhy; cijj;jJk; mtu; fhkj;ijAk; kuzj;ijAk; ntd;wtu; vd;gijAk;> mtu; mbahu;fSf;Fk; ,tw;why; Jd;gkpy;iy vd;gijAk; czu;j;jp epw;fpwJ. ,iwtid ,fo;e;J mtid mtkjpg;gtu;fs; kpFe;j my;yy;fis mDgtpg;gu; vd;gijj; jf;fd; ahfj;ij ,iwtd; mopj;jik fhl;Lfpd;wJ. fe;jGuhzj;jpy; jhufd;> rpq;fd;> #ugj;kd; vd;w %d;W mRur; rNfhjuu;fspd; fij $wg;gLfpd;wJ. jhufd; cyfNk cz;ik vd;W tho;e;jtd;. irtrpj;jhe;j epiyapy; mtid “khah kyj;jpw;F” ctkpg;gu;. rpq;fd; fd;kj;jpw;Ff; fl;Lg;gl;ltd;; mtidf; “fd;k kyj;jpw;F” ctkpg;gu;. #ugj;kd; “Mzt kyk;”. ,Wkhg;Ng mtd; ,ay;G. ,k;%tiuAk; KiwNa mopj;jik Qhdk; vDk; Nty; nfhz;l Nte;jdhy; kl;LNk ,ay;ghfr; nra;a ty;y ngUQ;rpwg;G. ‘jd;idj; jhd; fhjyhfpy; vidj; Njhd;Wk; Jd;dw;f jPtpidg; ghy;’ vd;gJ ts;Stu; nkhop. mjhtJ ‘eP cd;id tpUk;gp> cdf;F ed;ikia tpUk;gp> jPtpid VJk; nra;ahky; ,Ug;ghahf’ vd;W mwpTWj;Jfpwhu;. R+uNdh vy;yhtpjj; jpwDk; mwpTk; cilatdha; ,Ue;Jk;> ,iwaUs; ngw;wtdha; ,Ue;Jk;> jPtpid nra;J jd;idj; jhNd mopj;Jf; nfhz;lik ts;Stu; thf;fpw;Fj; jf;f rhd;whFk;.

tpthfk; nra;jhd;. KUfid topgLNthUf;F mj;jha; guNyhf tho;tpy; ,lk;jUths;. KUfdpd; %d;whtJ rf;jp Nty;. KUfdpd; fuj;jpy; tpsq;FfpwJ. ntw;wpiaj; jUtJ. QhdNk tbntLj;j Qhdrf;jp mJ. ‘nty;’ vd;w tpidabapy; Njhd;wpaJ ‘Nty;’. mJ QhdNk cUthdJ. Moe;J mfd;W $u;ikahfp mwptpd; ntspg;ghlhfj; jpfo;fpd;wJ. nrt;Ntl; ngUkhdpd; jpUf;fuj;jpy; tpsq;Fk; Nrtw;nfhb mQ;Qhd ,Usfw;wp Qhdxsp tuf; $TfpwJ. (nfhf;F- khkuk;> mw- mWj;j> Nfh- ek; muNr) thfdkhd kapy; Mir vd;w ghk;ig mlf;fp gpuk;k rf;jpahf Xk;fhu &gkhf tpsq;FfpwJ. KUfd; if NtYf;F cupa rpwg;G NtW vg;gilf;Fk; ,y;iy. jkpo; ,e;Jf;fspy; gyUf;F ‘NtyhAjk;’ vd;Nw ngau; ,Uf;fpwJ. ,g;gb vtUk; NtW ve;jg; gilf;fyidAk; jq;fs; ngauhff; nfhs;tjhfj; njupatpy;iy. ,yq;ifapYs;s gpugy aho;. ey;Y}u; Nghd;w gy KUfd; Myaq;fspy; fUtiwapy; KUfdpd; jpUTUtj;jpw;Fg; gjpyhf NtyhAjNk tpsq;fplf; fhzyhk;. ‘me;jkpy; xspapd; rPuhy; mWKfk; gilj;j md;ghy; ve;ij fz;zpd;Wk; te;j ,aw;ifahy; rf;jpahk; Ngu; je;jpLk; gDty; nrhd;d jd;ikahy; jdpNtw; ngk;khd; fe;jNd vd;d epd;idf; fz;L csf;ftiy jPu;j;Njhk;’ vd;W Njtu;fspd; thf;fhf NtyhAjj;ijf; fe;jNtshfNt fz;L Nghw;wpajhff; fe;jGuhzk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. ,iwaUs; JizAld; Mzpd; tpe;JTk; ngz;zpd; ehjKk; fye;J Foe;ijahfpwJ. (mUzfpupehju; ‘ehj tpe;J fyhjP eNkh ek’ vd;W ,jidj; jpUg;Gfopy; ghLthu;.) ,iwtdplkpUe;J te;j ehnky;NyhUk; ,Wjpapy; ,iwtidNa nrd;wila Ntz;Lk;. moptpd; gpd;du; #ugj;kd; ehjTUthfr; Nrtyhf khwp ,iwtdpd; nfhbahfTk; tpe;JUTUthf kapyhf khwp KUfdpd; thfdkhAk; khwpaJ ,ij ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ vd;gu;. mtidNa mile;J

ïªJ xË

16

tpfhhp tUlk; Mtzp - Gul;lhjp 2019


,aw;ifAk; nja;tNk %Tyfpw;Fk; Kjy;td; Foe;ijahdhd;. Njtu;fspd; Ntz;LNfhspd; gb rptngUkhdpd; new;wpf;fz;zpy; ,Ue;J MW jPg;nghwpfs; gpwe;J Mfhaj;jpy; jto;e;J thAthYk; mf;fpdpahYk; jhq;fg; ngw;W g;UjptpapNy ‘rutzg;ngha;if’ [yj;jpNy Foe;ijaha; khwpaJ vd;W ,g;Guhzk; nrhy;YfpwJ. ,g;gbr; nrhy;tJ gQ;rG+jq;fspD}lhf ,iwahl;rpia mtjhdpf;fr; nra;fpwJ. KUfdpd; Njhw;wj;jpy; gQ;rG+jq;fspd; gq;fspg;G tpaf;f itf;fpwJ. Mya Fk;ghgpN\ff; fpupiafspy; Mfhar; #upadpypUe;J ‘#upahf;fpdp’ vd;w neUg;Gg; ngwg;gLfpwJ. me;j mf;fpdp kz;zpy; cs;s Fz;lj;jpy; ];jhgpf;fg;gl;L thAtpd; JizAld; tsu;f;fg;ngWfpwJ gpd;> mjid Fk;g[yj;jpy; ,izj;J topghlhw;WtJld;> ,Wjpapy; ,iw jpUTUtj;jpy; ePuhy; mgpN\fpj;J ,iwrhe;ejpj;ak; cz;lhfg; gpuhu;j;jpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,ijg; gQ;rG+jq;fs; ,ize;J nray;gLk; epfo;NthL ,izj;J Nehf;fyhk;. ,e;j ,lj;jpy; ‘xUjpU KUfd; te;J cjpj;jdd;’ vd;W fr;rpag;gu; Fwpg;gpLthu;. mjhtJ vd;WKs;s ,iwtd; ,e;j Ntisapy; KUfdhf cjpj;jdd;. (fhiyapy; #upad; gpwg;gjpy;iy. cjpf;fpwhd;. Vnddpy;> mtd; Kd;dNu ,Ug;gtd;.) NghUk; rPUk; NghUf;F Kd; ,U Kiw J}jDg;gpaik> kiwe;J epd;W Nghuhlhik> MAjk; Ve;jhjtDld; Nghuhlhik> jdf;Fr; rkhdkw;w tPuDld; Nghuhlhik> Gwq; nfhLg;gtidf; nfhy;yhik Mfpa nraw;ghLfs; fe;jGuhzj;jpYs;s Nghupy; ‘mRuu;fshy; $l’ mNefkhff; filgpbf;fg;gLtijg; ghu;f;fpNwhk;. nrQ;Nrhw;Wf;flDf;Fr; rpq;fDk;> gpjpu;f;flDf;F ,uzpaDk;> khdj;jpw;Fr; #uDk;> fw;gpw;F #ud; kidtpAk; fe;jGuhzj;jpy; vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfshf tpsq;Ffpd;wdu;. Mdhy;> ,d;iwa cyfpy; eilngw;w> eilngWk; Nkhjy;fs; ,tw;iw vy;yhk; Gwf;fzpf;fpwJ. ve;jg; gpur;rpidapYk; jiyaplhky; xJq;fp ,Uf;fpw kUj;JtkidiaAk; jhf;Ffpd;wdu;. ,itnay;yhk; epr;rakhf ,d;iwa r%fj;ijf; fhl;bYk; fe;jGuhz fhyr; r%fk; cs> xOf;f uPjpapy; cau;thdjhfNt ,Ue;jpUf;Fk; vd ek;gr; nra;fpd;wd.

ïªJ xË

17

fe;jGuhzk; vd;gJ jkpoupd; tho;NthL ,ize;jJ. Mf> ,jpy; Cwpa vtUk; ,ijf; fij vd;W nrhy;tjpy;iy. rpw;rpy ,lq;fspy; fijf;Fupa cau;T etpw;rp ,Ue;jhYk;> ,J gy;yhapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Kd; cz;ikapy; ele;j rk;gtk; vd;Nw mtu;fs; ek;Gfpwhu;fs;. ,t;thwhd Ma;Tfspd; gb KUfd; gpwe;jJ ifyhrr; rhuy; vd;Wk;> jiu top Aj;jk; ele;jJ jpUg;guq;Fd;wk; vd;Wk;> tpz;ntsp Aj;jk; ele;jJ jpUg;Ngh&u; vd;Wk;> fly;topr; rku; ele;jJ jpUr;nre;J}Uf;F mg;ghYs;s fly; vd;Wk; IjPfk;. ,yq;ifapd; fjpu;fhkj;jpy; giltPL mikj;Jj; jq;fp> mg;ghy; njw;Nf #uDila efiu Nehf;fpr; nrd;wjhff; $wg;gLtjhy; R+ud; mf;fhy Mg;gpupf;fNjr murd; vd;W fUJthUk; cs;sdu;. KUfdpd; tyJ Gwk; vOe;jUspapUf;Fk; ts;spak;ik jkpo; nkhop NgRk; Fwtu; ,dg; ngz; vd;gJ NtW IjPfk;. ,JTk; Ma;tpw;FupaNj. aho;g;ghzj;jpd; flw;fiuNahuj;jpy; cs;s gpugy ];fe;j ];jyk; ‘khtpl;lGuk;’. Mf> jpUr;nre;J}Uf;Fk; khtpl;lGuj;jpw;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l gue;j rKj;jpug; gFjpapy; khkukhfp khah [hyq;fs; nra;J KUfDld; #ud; NghuhbapUf;fpwhd;. ‘jPait Gupe;jhNuDk; FkuNts; jpUKd; cw;why; J}atuhfp Nkiyj; njhy;fjp miltu;’ vd;w fe;jGuhz miw$ty; vq;fs; xt;nthUtiuAk; jl;b vOg;gp “X mQ;QhdpfNs> fle;j fhyk; NghaJ. cq;fs; mwpahik %l;ilfis ePf;f ey;y xU top fpilj;jpUf;fpwJ. cldbahff; fe;jg;ngUkhdpd; foybfisg; Ngha;r; NrUq;fs;. ePq;fs; QhdpauhtPu;fs;” vd;W ekf;nfy;yhk; mupa ngupa ew;nra;jp nrhy;fpwJ. fhjy; KUfidf; fhjyp KUF vd;gJ moF. mjd; kW ngau; md;G. mtd; ghy; fhjy; nfhz;Nlhu; mNdfu;. ,iwtdpd; ,U-ngz; jpUkzk; r%f rkj;Jtj;ijf; fhl;b epw;fpwJ. NjtNyhf murdpd; kfisj; jpUkzk; nra;j mNj ,iwtd;> jhNd typa te;J kdpju;fspy;> mjpYk; rhjp Kjypa NtWghLfs; ghuhky; NtLtu; Fy kfisj; jpUkzk; nra;jpUf;fpwhd;. ,ij ek; Guhzq;fs; kpfTk; njspthff; fhl;b te;Js;sd. ,it jtpu G+Tyifr; Nru;e;j ts;spak;ikf;Ff; nfhLf;fg;gLk; cau;e;j me;j];J jdpr;rpwg;G. vtUNk ‘KUfDf;F ts;sp’ vd;Nw $wf; Nfl;fpNwhk;. tpfhhp tUlk; Mtzp - Gul;lhjp 2019


NkYk; ts;sp jkpo; kfs;. ,J jkpOf;Ff; fpilj;j rpwg;G. “.. xU Nfhb Kj;jk; njs;spf; nfhopf;Fk; flw; nre;jpy; Nktpa NrtfNd ts;spf;F tha;j;jtNd kapNywpa khzpf;fNk” vd;W ,ijg; gw;wp mUzfpupg; ngUkhd; cUfpg;ghLfpwhu;. MZk; ngz;Zk; $b thOk; tho;tpw;F ,e;Jg;gz;ghL nfhLj;j Kjd;ikiaAk;> fhjw; rpwg;igAk;> md;id cikahSf;Fk; ,iwtDf;Fk; epfo;e;j jpUkzKk; ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ‘fz;zpy; ey;y/JWk; fOky tsefu;g; ngz;zpy; ey;yhnshLk; ngUe;jif ,Ue;jNj’ vd;w Qhdrk;ge;ju; thf;F <z;L rpe;jpf;fj; jf;fJ. irt-it\;zt xw;Wik fe;jGuhzf; fijAld; ,uhkhazf; fijia xg;G Nehf;Fk; NghJ irt-it\;zt xw;Wikia czuyhk;. irtrkapfspd; guk;nghUshd rptngUkhdpd; Gjy;td; KUfd;. it\;ztu;fspd; guk;nghUshd tp\;Ztpd; Gjy;tpfshfTk; nfhz;lhlg;ngWk; ts;sp> NjtNrdh Njtpaiuf; fy;ahzk; nra;jik rka xw;Wik. jtpu KUfd; rptFkhuNd MfpYk; tp\;Z mk;rk; epuk;gg; ngw;wtd;. =ke; ehuhazdpd; mtjhuq;fspy; eilngw;w mw;Gj epfo;r;rpfNshL mtdJ xt;nthU nra;ifiaAk; ,izj;Jg; ghu;f;Fk; NghJ Vw;gLk; ,d;gNk jdpahdJ. myhjpahdJ. ,jid cz;ikapNyNa nraw;gLj;jpatu; re;jf;ftp mUzfpupahu;. jpUg;Gfo; vq;Fk; KUfd; ngUik NghyNt jpUkhy; ngUikAk; epiwe;jpUf;fpwJ. jtpu> KUfid mtu; ‘ngUkhs;’ vd;Nw tpspj;Jg; ngUik nra;jpUf;fpwhu;.

ïªJ xË

‘fhykha;f; fhykpd;wpf; fUkkha; fUkkpd;wp Nfhykha;f; Nfhykpd;wp Fzq;fsha; Fzq;fspd;wp Qhykha; Qhykpd;wp mehjpaha; eq;fl;f;F vy;yhk; %ykha; ,Ue;j ts;sy; %tpU Kfq;nfhz;Lw;whd;’ vd;w fr;rpag;g rpthr;rhupa ];thkpfspd; jpUthf;if kdq; nfhz;L mg;ngUkhdpd; jpUtbfspy; ruz;GFNthk;. KUfDila MWjpUKfq;fSk; md;G> mwpT> Mw;wy;> moF> mikjp> MSik Mfpa gz;Gfis czu;j;Jk;. ehw;wpirAk; NkYk; fPOk; Mf> MW gf;fq;fSk; ghu;j;J epw;Fk; ,j;jpUKfq;fis ek;GNthUf;F Jd;gk; vj;jpirahYk; thuh. mtdJ fuq;fs; gd;dpuz;Lk; nfhLg;gjw;nfd;Nw gpwe;jd. mjid> “KOkjp md;d MWKfq;fSk; Kd; ehd;fhFk; tpopfspy; mUSk; NtYk; NtWs gilAk; rPUk; mofpa fuk; <uhWk; mzpkzpj; jz;il Mu;f;Fk; nrOkyubAk;.” vd;W njtpl;lhj Njdhfj; jkpopy; ghLthu; fr;rpag;gu;. fe;jGuhz fhtpa uridia csj;jpy; nfhs;Nthk;. nrk;nkhopahd nre;jkpopd; jiytd; KUfd;. gzpNthk;. jkpo;-,e;J ju;kk; rpwf;fg; gpuhu;j;jpg;Nghk;. 18

mtdb

tpfhhp tUlk; Mtzp - Gul;lhjp 2019


kapy; kapy; tpUj; j k; k; fhg;G - re;jd ghspj re;jd ghspj Fq;Fk Gsfpj rz;gf flfGar; rku rpfhty Fku \lhee rutz FutzpAq; nfhe;js ghufp uhjG uhjep nfhz;f vdg;guTq; $js rPjs ghjk; vdf;fUs; FQ;rup kQ;rupNjha; fe;jf;U ghfu Nfhks Fk;g fuhjpg Nkhfuj fuKf rhku fu;z tprhy fNghy tpjhdkjj; nje;j kNfhju %\pf thfd rpe;J u gj;kKfr; rptRj fzgjp tpf;e tpehaf nja;t rNfhjuNd.

AfNfhb Kbtpd; kz; barz;l khUjk; cjpj;jnjd; wad; mQ;rNt xUNfhb mz;lu;mz; lq;fSk; ghjhs NyhfKk; nghw;FtLWk; ntFNfhb kiyfSk; mbapdpy; jfu;e;jpU tpRk;gpw; gwf;f tpupePu; NtiyRt wr;Ruu; eLf;fq; nfhsr;rpwif tPrpg; gwf;F kapyhk; efNfhb nfhz;lTzu; neQ;rk; gpse;jeu Nfrup Kuhup jpUkhy; ehuzd; Nfrtd; rPjud; NjtfP ee;jdd; KFe;jd; kUfd; KfNfhb ejpfud; FUNfhb metujk; KfpYyT ePyfpuptho; KUfd;cik Fkud; mW Kfd;elT tpfljl %upf; fyhg kapNy.

re;jhd G\;ggup ksfpz; fpzP Kfr; ruzAf skpu;jg;ugh re;j;uNr fu%\p fh&l ntFNkhf rj;ag;up ahypq;fdr; rpe;jh kzpf;fyr fufl fNghyj;up ak;gf tpehafd;Kjw; rptidtyk; tUkstpy; cyfila nehbapy;tU rpj;uf; fyhgkapyhk; ke;jh fpepg;gpug tjuq;f tpjuq;f tdrNuh jafpu;j;jpfh tuGj;u uh[Pt gupaq;f je;jpa tuhryd; FyprhAjj; jpe;j;uhzp kq;fpy;a je;J ul;\hguz ,fy;Nty; tpNehjd; mUs;$u; ,ikafpup Fkupkfd; VWeP yf;uPt uj;df; fyhg kapNy.

Nrhjpapk Ntjz;l fd;dpifau; je;jmgp eaJy;a Nrhk tjd Jq;fj;up #yjup fq;fhsp rptfhk Re;jup gae;j epiuNru; MjpneL %jz;l mz;lgfp uz;lq;fs; ahTq; nfhLQ;rp wfpdhy; mizAe;j dJNgil mz;lq;fs; vd;dNt mizf;Fq; fyhg kapyhk; ePjpkiw Xjz;l Kg;gj;J Kf;Nfhb epj;jUk; guT fpupahk; ePyfpup Ntytd; epuhyk;gd; epu;g;gad; epu;tpah Fyd;rq; Fths; khjpfpup Nfhjz;l jz;le; jupj;jGad; khjtd; Kuhup jpUkhy; kJifl thupjpU kUfd;KU fd;Fkud; tuKjT thif kapNy.

rf;ug; urz;lfpup Kl;lf; fpope;Jntsp gl;Lf; uTQ;r rapye; jfug; ngUq;fdf rpfur; rpyk;Gk;vO jdpntw;Gk; mk;GtpAk; vz; jpf;Fj; jlq;FtLk; xf;ff; FYq;ftU rpj;ug; gjk;ngauNt Nrld;Kb jpz;lhl Mly;Gup ntQ;R+uu; jpLf;fpl ebf;F kapyhk; gf;fj;jpy; xd;WgL gr;irg; gRq;fTup gj;kg; gjq; fko;jUk; ghfP ujpr;rby NahfP Ruu;f;Fupa guk cgNjrk; mwptpf; iff;Fr; nrOQ;rut zj;jpw; gpwe;jxU fe;jr;Rthkp jzpiff; fy;yhu fpupAUf tUfpuz kufj fyhgj;jpy; ,yF kapNy.

ïªJ xË

Mjhu ghjsk; ngaumb ngau% jz;lKf lJngauNt Mlut Kbngau vz;birfs; ngauvwp fTl;fpup ruk;ngauNt Ntjhs jhsq;f Sf;fpira MLthu; kpf;fg; upag;gltplh tpopgTup fTupfz; Lskfpo tpisahLk; tp];jhu epu;j;j kapyhk; khjhE gq;fpnaD khyJ rNfhjup kfPjup fpuhj Fypkh kiwKep Fkhuprh uq;fee; jdpte;j ts;spkzp E}Gu kyu;g; ghjhu tpe;jNr fuNda kyUk;cw; gyfpup mku;e;j ngUkhs; gilepUju; flfKil glelT gr;irg; gRe;Njhif thif kapNy.

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tpfhhp tUlk; Mtzp - Gul;lhjp 2019


rq;fhu fhynkd mupgpuku; ntUTwr; rfy NyhfK eLq;fr; re;j;uR+ upanuhspj; jpe;j;uhjp mkuUQ; rQ;ryg; gl cikAld; fq;fhsu; jdpehl fQ;nra;j Nghje;j fhuk; gpwe;jpl neLq; ffd$l KNkiy KfL% bagRq; fw;iwf; fyhg kapyhQ; rpq;fhu Fq;Fk gBuk;Uf kjAfs rpj;ug; gNah jufpupj; nja;tth uztepij Gdpjd; Fkhud; jpUj;jzpkfPujd; ,Uq; nfq;fh jud;fPjk; Mfpa Ruhya f;Ughfud; fhu;j;jp Nfad; fPu;j;jpkh mRuu;fs; kbaf;u TQ;rfpup fpopgl elhT kapNy.

rpfujk dpaNkU fpupurj fpupePy fpupnadTk; MapuKfj; nja;tejp fhspe;jp nadePoy; ,l;Lntz; jpq;fs;rq; nfdTk;g;ugh epfnudTk; vOjupa Nekpnad cyfila epd;wkh Kfpy; vd;dNt nebaKJ ffdKf LwtPrp epkpUnkhU ePyf; fyhg kapyhk; mfUkU kzk;tPR jzpifmgp uhkNts; mbatu;fs; kpba fyNt mly;Nty; fuj;jira MwpU Gaq;fspy; myq;fw; Fohk; miraNt kfufd Nfhksf; Fz;lyk; gymira ty;yTzu; kdk;mira khy; tiu mira cufgpyk; miravz; birmira itahsp NaW kapNy.

jPug; gNahjjp (f) jpf;Fkh fhaKQ; nrfjyK epd;W Royj; jpfo;fpd;w KbkTyp rpjwptpo ntQ;rpifj; jPf;nfhg; Gspf;f ntUSk; ghug; gzhKb mee;jd;Kjy; muntyhk; gijgijj; NjeLq;fg; glu;rf;u thsfpup Jfs;gl itahsptU gr;irg;u ths kapyhk; Mug;u jhgGs fpjkjd ghBu mkpu;jfy rf;nfhq; ifahs; MLkapy; epfu;ty;yp mgpuhk ty;ypgu khee;j ty;yp rpWtd; Nfhuj;up R+yj;up ak;gf [lhjhu FUjU jpUj;jzp ifNts; nfhbaeprp ruu;cjuk; vupGFj tpGju;gjp FbGFj elT kapNy.

epuhrj tpuhrj tNuhja guhgu dpuhFy dpuhka gpuh dpyhnjO jyhyw kpyhndwp apyhndwp epyhtpa cyhr, jad; Fuhkyp tpuhTkpo; guhiu akuhepoy; Fuhepoy; guhT jzpiff; Fyhry ruhruk; vyhkpdp Jyhtpa Fyhtpa fyhg kapyhk; GuhupFk uhFU guhvDk; tNuhja Guhjd Kuhup kUfd; GNyhkir ryhkpL gyhrd tyhupGf yhFk; map yhAjndLe; juhjy fpuhju;fs; Fyhjtgp uhkty rhjdd; tpNehj rkud; jlhup tpflhRud; Flhupj glhjpfo; \lheed; elhT kapNy.

nrf;fus Nfrrpf uj;eGup uhrpepiu rpe;jg; Guhup akpu;je; jpUk;gg; gpwe;jnjd Mapuk; gFtha;fs; jPtp\q; nfhg;Gspg;gr; rf;ufpup R+otU kz;lyq; fs;rfy rq;fhu Nfhu eadj; jWfz;th Rfpgzh KbnaLj; JjWnkhU rz;lg;gu rz;lkapyhk; tpf;uk fpuhjFyp GdkP Jyhtpa tpUj;jd; jpUj;j zpiftho; NtyhA jd;go tpidj;Jau; mWj;njid ntspg;gl Tzu;j;jp aUspj; Jf;fRf Ngjkw tho;tpj;j fe;jr; Rthkpth fdkh dNjhu; Juff[ ujflf tpfljl epUju;Fy J\;lu; ep\;^ ukapNy.

ve;ehSk; xURidapy; ,e;j;ueP yg;Ngh jpyq;fpa jpUj;j zpiftho; vk;gpuhd; ,ikatu;fs; jk;gpuhd; VWk;xU ek;gpuh dhd kapiyg; gd;dhSk; mbguTk; mUzfpup ehjd; gfu;e;jmjp kJu rpj;ug; ghly;jU khrW Nty;tpUj;jk; xUgj;Jk; gbg;gtu;fs; Mjp kiwE}y; kd;dhd; Kfk;ngWtu; md;dk; Vwg;ngWtu; thzpjO tg;ng Wtuhy; kfuhy ak;ngWtu; ctzk; Vwg;ngWtu; thupr kle;ij Ald;tho; me;ehafk; ngWtu; mapuht jk;ngWtu; mKjh rdk;ng Wtu;Nky; Mapuk; gpiwnjhOtu; rPu;ngWtu; Ngu;ngWtu; mopah tuk;ng WtNu.

ïªJ xË

20

tpfhhp tUlk; Mtzp - Gul;lhjp 2019


ey;iy jpUQhdrk;ge;ju; MjPdk; te;jd. ey;iyf; fe;jd; kNfhw;rt fhyj;jpy; ,q;F ,ir epfo;r;rpfSk; rkar; nrhw;nghopTfSk;; ,lk;ngWtJ tof;fkhFk;.

,yq; i fapYs; s xNunahU irt MjP d khf ngUik ngWk; jpUQhdrk;ge;jh; MjPdk; aho; ey;Y} upy; mike;Js;sJ. kJiu jpUQhdrk;ge;ju; MjPdj;jpd; fpis epWtdkhf 1966Mk; Mz;L Mtzp khjk; 6Mk; ehsd;W Nfhapy; tPjpapYs;s ‘fe; j Nfhl; l k; ’ ,y; y j; j py; ey;iy MjPdk; ];jhgpff; g;gl;L nraw;glj; njhlq;fpaJ. xU fjhg; g purq; f pahf ,e; J kf; f s; kj; j papy; gpugy; a k; ngw;Wj; jpfo;ej; kzpghftju;> kzp Iau; vd;w ngau;fspy; miof;fg;gl;L te;j rptRg;gpukzpa Iau; mtu;fs;> kJiu jpUQhdrk;ge;ju; MjPd FUkfh re;epjhdk; =y= NrhkRe; j u = Qhdrk; g e; j gukhrhupa Rthkpfis FUthff; nfhz;L Jwtw tho;f;ifia Nkw;nfhs;Sk; tifapy; mtuJ rPluhfp> =y= Rthkpehj jk;gpuhd; Rthkpfs; vd;w ehkhfuzKk;> ke;jpNuhgNjrKk; ngw;W ,yq;if jpUk;gp ey;Y}u; MjPdj;ij Muk;gpj;jhu;. rpy tUlq;fspd; gpd;du;> mjhtJ 1970Mk; Mz;bypUe;J kJiu MjP d j; j pd; fpisahf my; y hky; > ey; i y MjP d k; RahjP d khf jdpj; J ,aq; f j; njhlq; f paJ. 1972Mk; Mz;bypUe;J MjPdk; ,g;NghJs;s ,lj;jpw;F khw;wg;gl;lJ.

ey; i y MjP d FUkfh re; e pjhdk; mtu; f Sld; ,ize;J> MjPd nraw;ghLfspy; ngupJk; cjtpte;j ,g;Nghija MjP d Kjy; t uhd =y= NrhkRe;ju Njrpf Qhdrk;ge;j gukhrhupa Rthkpfs; mtu;fSf;F KjyhtJ FUkfh re;epjhdk; 1979Mk; Mz; b y; ‘jk; g puhd; ’ vd; w gjtp epiyia toq; f papUe; j hu; . rpy khjq; f spd; gpd; d u; jdJ thuprhf ,stuR gjtp epiyf; F upa gl;lhgpN\fj;ij nra;Jitj;jhu;. 1981Mk; Mz;by; MjPd KjyhtJ FUkfh re;epjhdk; rkhjpahdjhy;> ,stuR epiyapypUe;j ,uz;lhtJ Rthkpfs;> =y= NrhkRe;ju Njrpf Qhdrk;ge;j gukhrhupa Rthkpfs; vd;w ehkhfuzj;Jld; MjPd Kjy;tuhdhu;. ,tu; md;iwa ehspypUe;J MjPdj;jpd; nraw;ghLfis rpwg;ghf Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;tjpy; ngupJk; gq;fhw;wp tUfpwhu;. ey; i y MjP d f; fl; l lk; goikahdjhfTk; trjp Fiwe; j epiyapYk; ,Ue; j jhy; mjid kPs;epu;khzk; nra;a Ntz;ba Njit Vw;gl;lJ. ,jw;F ,yq;ifapypUe;J Gyk;ngau;e;J ngupagpupj;jhdpahtpy; tho; e ; J nfhz; b Uf; F k; ,e; J kf; f s; gyu; cjt Kd;te;jhu;fs;. me;j tifapy; mq;F jpU. v];. ghyrpqf; k; mtu;fis jiytuhff; nfhz;L ey;iy MjPd fl;ll GdUj;jhuz epu;thff; FOnthd;W njupTnra;ag;gl;lJ. mjd; Clhf epjpAjtp Kjyhd rfy nraw;ghLfSk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.

ey;iy MjP d k; nraw;g l;L tUk; ,e;j f; fl; b lk; ey;iyf; fe;jd; Myaj;ij epu;tfpj;JtUk; khg;ghz Kjypahu; gpwe; J tsu; e ; j tP l hFk; . ,J> gy ju; k fhupaq; f isr; nra; J te; J s; s Gj; J }u; kotuhau; FLk;gj;jpdUf;F ifkhwpaJ. thlif tPlb; y; ,aq;fpte;j ey;iy MjPdj;ij rpwg;ghd tifapy; elj;jpr; nry;tjw;fhf mg;NghJ MjPd Kjy;tuhftpUe;j KjyhtJ FUkfh re;epjhdk; mtu;fSf;F 1972Mk; Mz;by; kotuhau; FLk;gj;jpdu; ,e;jf; fl;blj;ij md;gspg;Gr; nra;jhu;fs;.

2011Mk; Mz; L etk; g u; 7Mk; jpfjpad; W Gjpa fl; l lj; j pw; f hd mbf; f y; ehl; L k; itgtk; ,lk;ngw;wJ. mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wk; ,jw;fhd ,izg;ghsuhftpUe;J fl;llg; gzpia Nkw;ghu;it nra;Jte;jJ. ,e;J khkd;wj;jpd; MNyhridapd; Ngupy; CnuO n[ard;[d; fl;ll epu;khz epWtdj;jplk; fl;ll Ntiyfs; xg;gilf;fg;gl;ld.

ey; i y MjP d k; Njhw; w k; ngw; w fhyj; j pypUe; J > irtrkaj; i j tsu; f ; F k; tifapyhd gy ey; y gzpfis nra;J tUfpwJ. rpWgps;isfSf;fhd Njthu tFg;Gfs;> rkaghl tFg;Gfs;> nts;spf;fpoikfspy; tPjp g[id Nghd;wtw;Wld; irtkf;fSf;fhd rka jPl;irAk; toq;fg;gl;L te;Js;sJ. rpy tUlq;fspd; gpd; MjPdj;Jf;fhd fyhkz;lgnkhd;W mikf;fg;gl;L irtrkak; rhu; e ; j tpohf; f Sk; > nja; t P f jpUnewpa khehLfSk; > FUg+ir itgtq; f Sk; eilngw; W

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ey; i y MjP d Gdu; e pu; k hzg; gzp rpwg; g hf epiwtile;J> fPo;j;jsk; kw;Wk; Nky;khbiaf; nfhz;l fl;llkhf 2013 Mk; Mz;L [§d; 28 Mk; jpfjpad;W fhiy rk;gpujha G+h;tkhfj; jpwe;Jitf;fg;gl;lJ. 21

tpfhhp tUlk; Mtzp - Gul;lhjp 2019


ešiy¡ fªjh ruz« ruz«! bjŒt¤âUkfŸ fyhÃâ j§f«kh m¥gh¡F£o

M©LnjhW«

Mokhj« ãwªJÉ£lhš ešiy¡ fªjDila knfh‰rt Ãid¥ò irt k¡fS¡F tªJÉL«. cybf§F« guªJ thG« ahœ¥ghz irt k¡fŸ fu§FɤJ tu«nt©o ÉF« bjŒt« ešÿ®¡ fªj¥bgUkh‹. K¤j®fS« á¤j®fS« PhÅfS« xnu Kfkhf Mo¥gho ÉgJ ï›thya¤â‹ kf¤JtkhF«. “Ú Mya¤J¡FŸns nghf KoahÉ£lhš ftiy¥glhnj; btËåâÆny gu¥ã ïU¡F« kzÈny cU©L É£Lth; cd¡F všyh« »il¡F«” v‹W âUthŒ ky®ªjt® bfhG«ò¤Jiw nahf® RthÄfŸ Mt®. RthÄfË‹ mãkhd nõ¤âu« ešÿ® v‹whš mâš Äifbah‹WÄšiy. “tu§bfh©l cikKid¥ghš kd§bfh©l br›thŒ gu§bfh©l fËkÆY« g‹Åu©L f©kyU« áu§bfh©l kiuïuŠR« nrtoí« brªöu‹ fu§bfh©l ntY« vªj‹ f©id É£L Ú§fhnj” m‰òjkhd ïªj¥ ghliy MÆu« ju« gho¥gho MdªjkiltJ KUfg¡j®fŸ fldhF«. fÈíf¤âš f©f©l bjŒtkhf ngh‰w¥gLgt‹ KUf¥ bgUkh‹. “KUfh” v‹w mªj ehk¤ânyna njhõ§fŸ Ú§F« r¡âí©L. “KUF” v‹w brhšÈnyna _‹W cfu« tU»wJ. Kfu« v‹gJ fh¤jš v‹w j¤Jt¤ij¡ bfh©lJ. vdnt brŒjãiH, brŒ»‹w ãiH, brŒí« ãiH M»at‰iw xUnru k‹Å¤J mUSgt‹ KUf¥bgUkh‹ Mt®. áiwÆš mil¡f¥g£l e¡Ñu® ghoa “âUKUfh‰W¥gil” ïu©lhÆu« M©LfS¡F K‰g£l r§ffhy ïy¡»a¤ij¢ nr®ªjJ. g¤J¥gh£oš Kj‰gh£lhf ngr¥gLtJ âUKUfh‰W¥gilna. ï§nf e¡Ñu® KUf¥ bgUkhid m¿Kf« brŒJ it¡FÄl« m‰òjkhdJ.

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“cyfKt¥g tynd®ò âÇjU gy® òfœ PhÆW fl‰f©lh§F Xtw ïik¡F« nr‹És§fÉœ xË cWe®¤jh§F« kjDil neh‰whŸ brWe®¤ nj®ªj bršYwœ jl¡if kWÉš f‰ã‹ thDjš fzt‹”

v‹W KUf¥bgUkhid m¿Kf« brŒJ it¡»wh® e¡Ñu®. mâfhiyÆš »H¡F¤ âirÆš câ¤J vG»‹w NÇa gfthid ctikahf¡ fh£L»wh®. m¤Jl‹ j‹id m©ondhiu m¿ahik ngh¡» M£bfhŸS« âUtofis gift®fis ml¡» MS« âU¡fu§fisí« F‰wk‰w f‰ãidíila bjŒtahid m«ikahÇ‹ bgUiknr® fzt® v‹gijí« üÈ‹ KjÈnyna vL¤J¡ fh£L« âw‹ m‰òjkhdJ. bjhl®ªJ MWgil åLfËY« KUf¥bgUkh‹ vGªjUË mUŸòÇí« âw‹ ÉÇthf¡ fh£l¥g£LŸsJ. KUf‹ moah®fŸ ïªüiy¥ go¤J gadila nt©L« v‹W m‹ghf nt©o¡ bfhŸ»nwh«. ï›thW r§f¤jÄÊš KUf‹ mU£ãuthf¤ij fhz Ko»wJ. mL¤J òuhz¤ jÄÊš f¢áa¥g áth¢rhÇah® fh£L« âw‹ go¥ngh®¡F Rit ga¥gjhF«. nkY« ãŸis¤jÄÊš KUf¥bgUkhid mUŸ xGf¡ fh©»nwh«.

“bghŒah tHik jU« bgUik¥ bghUie¤ JiwÆš Úuh£o ó£L« fy‹fŸ tif tifna ó£o vL¤J Kiyô£o bkŒahš miz¤J kWFjÅš É£lh® j«ik btwhkš cid btW¡fntW tifíK©nlh ÉU«ã¥ ghiy¡ bfhʤbjL¤J ifahš mikªj ቿiyË fhyhš mʤjš fliyfh©. fh¥gh‹ mÊ¡f¤ bjhl§»š v§fŸ ftiyïÅahnuhL íiu¥ngh«. Iah c§fŸ tÊ aonah« monah« ቿš mÊnany miyK¤ bj¿í« âU¢brªö® munr ቿš mÊnany”

ï›thW jÄœ ïy¡»a§fŸ òuhz§fËš m‰òj¡ fªjÅ‹ mU£bgU¡if fh©»nwh«. ešiy¡ fªjid ruz« ruz« vd¤ bjhGJ bjhGJ mikâ bgWnth«! (e‹¿ : mUŸ xË - Mo 2006) tpfhhp tUlk; Mtzp - Gul;lhjp 2019


nahf® RthÄfŸ g¡f«

Nahfh;Rthkpfs; ey;iyf; fe;jd; Mya rpwg;ig Nghw;wpg; ghba fpspf;fz;zp Nahfh; Rthkpfspd; fpspf;fz;zp Md;kh xUNghJk; - fpspNa mopahjJ ehq;fs; tPz;ghtk; tpl;blb- fpspNa tpsq;Fey;Yhh; njhpAjb fhz;ghDk; fhl;rpAk;Ngha;f; - fpspNa fz;lgy nghUSk;tpl;L khz;ghfr; rpe;ijapNy - fpspNa tbNtiyg; Nghw;wplb Cz;nghUSk; xopAkb - fpspNa cyfnkyhk; mopAkb Nrz;nghypAe; jpUtbiaf; - fpspNa rpe;ijapNy Nghw;wplb rq;Nfhir Nfl;Fjb - fpspNa jhsNks Koq;Fjb vq;nfq;Fk; ntspr;rkb - fpspNa Ve;jpoha; ele;Jthb rz;gf kuj;jbapw; - fpspNa rhJf;fspd; $l;lkb kz;Nghl;lhy; kz;tpohNj - fpspNa kdpjnuy;yhq; $bf;nfhz;lhh;. khwpg; nghwptopNgha;f; - fpspNa khwhl;lk; nfhs;shNj Mwp ele;Jthb - fpspNa mjpraq;fs; nkj;jtb Njh;Kl;bg; gbNkNy - fpspNa nry;yg;g ndd;wrPkhd; Mh;tKld; ,Uf;fpwhd;b - fpspNa mq;FNghNthk; te;jplb fpl;l neUq;ifapNy - fpspNa fpLfpnld;W eLq;Fjb Kl;lhisg; NghNyatd; - fpspNa KfKk; tpsq;Fjb gpj;jnddg; gyNgUk; - fpspNa Ngrpg;Ngrp ,fo;thh;fs; vj;jpdhYk; mtd;kdNkh -fpspNa vs;ssTq; fyq;fhNj gj;jpAld; te;jplb - fpspNa ghh;j;jTld; mQ;rhNj tpj;jfQ;Nrh; jpUtbapy; - fpspNa tpOe;JeP Fk;gplb

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ehkwpNah nkd;Wnrhy;ypf; - fpspNa eifnra;thd; ehzhNj jhkjk; gz;zhNj - fpspNa rLjpaha;f; Fk;gplb

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Nfhzhj rpe;ijAld; - fpspNa Fk;gpl;L epd;wplb tPzhd Mirnay;yhk; - fpspNa tpl;NlhLk; ntw;wpab

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Muwpth nud;Wnrhy;ypf; - fpspNa mjl;Lthd; mQ;rhNj ghuwpe;j gpj;jdb - fpspNa gl;rKld; gzpe;Jel

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fz;lhh; eifg;gnudf; - fpspNa fz;kzpeP mQ;rhNj gz;lhu Ntlkb - fpspNa ghbg; gzpe;jplb

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xz;nlhbNa te;jplb - fpspNa cs;tPjpf;Fk; Nghtkb tz;b tz;b ahapsePh; - fpspNa te;J FtpAjb

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6

tiftifaha;g; gr;rhprp - fpspNa thiof;Fiy Njq;fha;fs; ctifAld; nfhz;Lte;J - fpspNa cjTfpwhh; ghh;j;jplb

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fh;g;g+ug; ngl;bfSk; - fpspNa fl;Lf;fl;lha;f; fUk;GfSk; nghw;g+Tk; re;jdKk; - fpspNa nghypAjb tPjpnay;yhk;.

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fz;lhNah fhh;kapNy - fpspNa fe;jd;tpis ahl;Lf;fis kz;lyq;fs; eLq;Fkb - fpspNa kzpNahir Nfl;Fjb

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ge;jpge;jp ahapUe;J - fpspNa ghh;g;ghh;f nsy;yhUk; tpe;ijNrh; ke;jpuj;ijf; - fpspNa tpsk;Gfpd;whh; Nfl;blb

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gr;irg; gRq;fpspNa - fpspNa ghh;j;jhNah fjTfis mr;rkpd;wp %btpl;lhh; - fpspNa mgpNlfk; MFjb

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tpfhhp tUlk; Mtzp - Gul;lhjp 2019


Vf kdjhfpf; - fpspNa vy;yhUk; epw;ifapNy NtfKld; fjTfisf; - fpspNa Ntjpah;fs; jpwe;Jtpl;lhh; mQ;rLf;Fj; jPgKjy; - fpspNa mLf;fLf;fha;j; jPgnky;yhk; me;jzh;fs; fhl;Lfpwhh; - fpspNa md;GlNd Fk;gplb mq;ifapNy g+ntLj;Jf; - fpspNa me;jzh;fs; MrPh;thjk; rq;ifapd;wpr; nrhy;Yfpwhh; - fpspNa rz;Kfid Ntz;blb

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jpUePWQ; re;jdKk; - fpspNa jPh;j;jk;ghp khWfpwhh;

nrq;fky klkhNj - fpspNa Nrtpj;JeP Ntz;bazp

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mj;jrhkg; g+irf;Fehk; - fpspNa Muzq;Nf epw;gnkd;why; nkj;jNeu khFkb - fpspNa tPl;bNyah spy;iyab

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tpiutha; ele;Jthb - fpspNa tPzh;jq; $l;lkb khhpf;fhy khdjdhy; - fpspNa khftd kha;elb

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XlhNj tOf;Fkb- fpspNa ciuj;jplb Ie;njOj;ij thlhNj tPl;Lthry; - fpspNa te;NjhNk jpwe;jplb!

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c NtYk; kapYk; Jiz

“Rk;kh ,Uj;jy;” (Xu; mwpKf Ma;T)

rpq;fhuNtY rr;rpjhde;jk;> kyhahg; gy;fiyf;fofk;

tpilaspg;gJz;L. ‘Rk;kh ,Ug;gJk;’ xUtifapy; Rfk;jhNd! 2. jkpoupilNa> ‘Rk;kh” vd;Dk; nrhy; gy;NtWnghUspy; toq;fp tUtijAk; fhzyhk;. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf> “vd;d fhupakhf te;jPu;fs;?” vd;Dk; Nfs;tpf;Fr; rpyu; “Rk;khjhd; te;Njd;!” vd;W $wpa gpd;du; jhk; te;Js;s fhupaj;ijg; gw;wpf; $Wtu;!. “te;j fhupaj;ijg; gw;wpr; Rk;kh (xspTkiwtpd;wp> my;yJ jilapd;wpr;) nrhy;Yq;fs;” vd;Nwh> xUtu; jhk; tpUk;Gk; VjhtJ xU nghUisr; “Rk;kh (fl;lzk; ahJkpd;wpf;) nfhLq;fs;!” vd;W kw;nwhUtuplk; tw;GWj;jpf; $WtJk; cz;L. 3. ,j;jifa nghUSila ‘Rk;kh” vd;Dk; jkpo;r;nrhy;> kyha; nkhopapYk; ‘Cuma’, ‘percuma’, ‘bercuma’ vd;Dk; tbtpy; toq;fptUtijAk; fhzyhk;. mk;kyha; nkhopr;nrhw;fs;> ‘hanya’ (‘kl;Lk;’) ‘melainkan’ (‘jtpu”)> ‘memberikan, atau menerima sesuatu dengan percuma’ (‘xd;iw ,ytrkhff; nfhLj;jy;> my;yJ ngWjy;”)> ‘siasia’ (‘gadw;w”) vd;Dk; nghUspy; toq;Ftjhfj; njupfpd;wJ.

1. FWk;G nra;Ak; Foe;ijfisNah rpwhu;fisNah Nehf;fpr; ‘Rk;kh ,U’ vd;W nrhy;tJ jkpou;fspilNa fhzg;gLk; xU nghJtof;fhFk;. Ntiyapy;yhjtu;fisAk;> gzp Xa;Tngw;Ws;s KjpNahu;fisAk; Nehf;fp> “,g;NghJ vd;d nra;Jnfhz;bUf;fpwPu;fs;?” vd;W Nfl;Fk;NghJ> “Rk;khjhd; ,Uf;fpd;Nwd;!” vd;W mtu;fs;

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tpfhhp tUlk; Mtzp - Gul;lhjp 2019


“thf;F kdKk; ,uz;L kTdkhk; thf;F kTdj;J te;jhY %q;ifahk; thf;F kdKk; kTdkhk; Rj;jNu Mf;Fkr; Rj;jj;ij ahuwp thu;fNs?”

4. MapDk;> ‘Rk;kh ,Uj;jy;’ vd;Dk; jkpo;r; nrhw;nwhlu;> gz;ilf; fhye;njhl;L jkpou;fspilNa Md;kpfnewpiar; rhu;e;j Kf;fpakhdnjhU kuGr; nrhw;nwhluhf tpsq;fp tUtijAk; fhzyhk;. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf> mUzfpupehj Rthkpfs; mUspa fe;juyq;fhuk; vd;Dk; E}ypy;> ‘ntl;rpg; G+f;fshYk;” ‘jz;il” vdg;gLk; mzpfyd;fshYk; myq;fupf;fg; ngw;w jpUKUfg;ngUkhdpd; nre;jhkhiukyu; Nghd;w jpUtbfisf; fhtyhff; nfhz;L mtw;iw nksdkhfr; rpe;jpj;jthW ‘Rk;kh ,Uj;jy;” rpwe;jNjhu; Md;kpf newpahfr; rpj;jpupf;fg;gLfpd;wJ:

(jpU%y ehadhu; mUspa jpUke;jpuk;> jpUg;ghly; 1859> jpU g. ,uhkehj gps;is mtu;fspd; tpsf;fTiuAld; $ba fof ntspaPL> kWgjpg;G> 1963).

‘Rk;kh ,Uj;jy;’ vd;Dk; Nkhd epiyapy; Kj;jpg; Ngw;wpidAk; miljy; $Lk;. m/jhtJ> Mq;fhuj;ij (Mztj;ij) mlf;fp> Nkhd epiyapy; ,Uj;jy; %yk; mopahj Ngupd;g epiyiag; ngwyhk; vd;gJ jpU%y ehadhu; mtu;fspd; jpUthf;fhFk;:

“NtjM fkrpj;u Ntyh Ajd;ntl;rp G+j;jjz;ilg; ghjhu tpe;jk; muzhf my;Yk; gfYk;,y;yhr; #jhdJ mw;w ntspf;Nf xspj;Jr;Rk; kh,Uf;fg; Nghjha; ,dpkd Nknjup ahjxU G+ju;f;FNk.” (fe;juyq;fhuk;> jpUg;ghly; 17)

“ePq;fhr; rpthde;j NQaj;ij epd;wplg; ghq;fhd ghrk; gluh glupDk; Mq;fhu ePq;fp ajdpiy epw;fNt ePq;fh mKj epiyngw yhNk.” (jpUke;jpuk;> jpUg;ghly; 1579> jpU g. ,uhkehj gps;is mtu;fspd; tpsf;fTiuAld; $ba fof ntspaPL> kWgjpg;G> 1963);

NkYk;> ‘gQ;rG+jq;fs;’ vdg;gLk; kz;> fhw;W> neUg;G> ePu;> Mfhak;’ Mfpatw;whyhfpa G+jTlypy; trpf;fhky;> NtW vtUk; mwpe;jpuhj ‘nksd gQ;ruk;’ vdg;gLk; xg;gw;w jdptPl;by;> nrhy;Yk; epidTkpd;wp ‘Rk;kh ,Ug;ghahf!” vd;W jpUKUfg;ngUkhd; cgNjrpj;jUspdhu; vd;Dk; mupa nra;jpia mUzfpupehju; Rthkpfs; ek;Kld; gfpu;e;Jnfhs;fpd;whu;:

“Nkhdk;if te;Njhu;f;F Kj;jpAk; if$Lk; Nkhdk;if te;Njhu;f;Fr; rpj;jpAk; Kd;dpw;Fk; ...” (jpUke;jpuk;> jpUg;ghly; 1585:1-2> jpU g. ,uhkehj gps;is mtu;fspd; tpsf;fTiuNahL $ba fof ntspaPL> kWgjpg;G> 1963).

“ ‘xU G+jUk; mwpahj jdptPl;by; ciu czu;T mw;W ,U> G+jtPl;by; ,uhky;>’ vd;whd;” (fe;juyq;fhuk;> jpUg;ghly; 45:1-2)

vdNt> Nkw;$wpa ‘Rk;kh ,U’ vd;W Foe;ijfis Nehf;fpf; $Wk; jkpo; tof;fhdJ> mf;Foe;ijfs; ,sikg; gUtk; KjNy Md;kpff; fl;nlhOq;fpidg; gw;wpj; njupe;Jnfhs;Sk; mupa tha;g;gpidg; ngWfpd;wdu; vd;gij czu;j;Jfpd;wjd;Nwh!

‘Rk;kh ,U nrhy;yw’ vd;gJ ,iwtdpd; mUs; nkhopad;Nwh!. 5. jpU%yu; ehadhu; mUspa jpUke;jpuk; Nghd;w rpj;ju; E}y;fspy;> ‘Rk;khapUj;jy;” vd;gJ> Md;kpf nksdj;ijAk;> mbahu;fspd; cs;sj;jpd; nksd nkhopiaAk; Fwpf;fpd;wJ. [T.A. Ganapathi, “The

Jiz E}y;fs;: 1. mUzfpupehj Rthkpfs; mUspr;nra;j fe;juyq;fhuk; tpupTiu. ciuahrpupau;: jpUKUf fpUghde;jthupahu; mtu;fs;> nrd;id> thdjp gjpg;gfk;> vl;lhk; gjpg;G> 1986. 2. jpU%y ehadhu; mUspr;nra;j jpUke;jpuk; %thapuk;. jpU. g. ,uhkehj gps;is mtu;fs; vOjpa tpsf;fTiu nrd;id> jpUney;Ntypj; njd;dpe;jpa irtrpj;jhe;j E}w;gjpg;Gf; fofk;> ypkpnll;> kWgjpg;G> 1963.

mysticism of the Tirumantiram, “ The Yoga of Siddha Thirumular”, (2006): gf;fk; 262].

6. ‘nksdk;’> my;yJ ‘Nkhdk;’ vdg;gLtJ Ngr;Rk; epidTkpd;wpr; Rk;khapUj;jyhFk;. mj;jifa Nkhdepiy> ntWkNd Ngrhky; Cikahf ,Uj;jydpd;W NtWgl;ljhFk;; nrayw;w jd;ikahfpa nksdk;> ‘tha; NgrhjpUj;jy;”> ‘kdk; rpe;jpahkypUj;jy;” vd;Dk; ,Utifg;gLk;; tha; kl;Lk; NgrhjpUj;jy; CikNaahFk;;. thf;Fk; kdKk; xd;whfr; nrayw;w jd;ikNa gad;jUk; Md;kpf nksdkhFk;. ‘jpUtUs; cld;epd;W Mf;Fk; mj; J}a;ikapd; cz;ikapid mwpthu; ahu;?” vd tpdTfpd;whu; jpU%y ehadhu;.

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3. GANAPATHY, T.N. “The Mysticism of the Tirumantiram,” The Yoga of Siddha TirumUlar. Essays on the Tirumantiram (Quebec, Canada: Babaji’s Kriya Yoga and Publications, Inc., 2006), pp.262-264. (ed;wp: ‘nfskhuk;’) 25

tpfhhp tUlk; Mtzp - Gul;lhjp 2019


tz;lhu; Foiy kzk;G zu;e;J (if.kh.fz;. 10-16)

murhl;rp Muk;gk; rhypthfd rfhg;jk; 717y; (ngh.M.gp. 795) tp[auhrdpd; rNfhjud; kugpy; gpwe;j cf;fpurpq;fd; vd;Dk; murd; tljpirapy; ,Ue;J ntF jpushd Nridfisf; nfhz;L te;J Nghuhbr; rpy jiyKiwaha; ,oe;J Nghd ,t;tpyq;if murhl;rpapy; miuthrp tiuf;Fk; gpbj;Jf; fjpiukiyapypUe;J murhz;L te;jhd; njd;dhLfis Ntw;wrd; Mz;Lte;jhd;. (ah.it.kh.gf;. 13) vd;W itgtkhiyahu; nrhw;wdu;. ,f;$w;Wfisr; Rl;b ah.it. tpfhuu; gf;fk; 48y; aho;g;ghz murdpd; Mjp ,uhrjhdp fjpiukiy my;yJ fjpUkiy vDk; ,lkha; mike;jik cz;ikg; gFjpahfyhk;. vdTk; Mapd; mk;khiy ahu; Mz;ilr; rfhg;jk; 717 vd;gJ nghUe;jhnjdTk; nkhope;J mg;ghYk; nkhoptjhtJ aho;g;ghz itgt khiy je;jpUf;fpd;w G+u;tfhy Mz;Lf; fzf;Ffisg; ngUk;ghd;ik xg;Gfpd;wdtuhfpa ,uhrehaf Kjypahu; vl;lhk; E}w;whz;L njhlf;fk; (ngh.M.gp. 795 njhlf;fk; fjpiukiyapy; cf;fpurpq;fd; ,Ue;J aho;g;ghz murpaw;wpdhd; vdTk; nrhy;Yfpwhu;. epw;f Nkw;gb fjpiukiyj; jiyefu; ,Ue;jhff; fUjg;gLk; Rd;dhfg; Gifapuj ];jhdj;Jf;fUNf ,Uf;Fk; rptd;Nfhtpy; fjpiukiyr; rptd; Nfhtpy; vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ. ah.it. tpfhuu; gf;. 48y; itgtkhiyahu; Rl;Lfpd;w fjpiukiyAk; fe;jNuhilahfyhk;. ,t;T+Uf;fzpikapd; Rd;dhfj;jpy; fjpiukiy vd;Dk; NkL mguj];jhdj;Jf;Fk; re;ijf;Fkpilapy; ,Uj;jiyAk; ftdpf;f vd;fpd;whu;. vdNt Nkw;gb fjpiu kiyiaj; jiyefuhff; nfhz;L cf;fpurpq;fd; ngh.M.gp. 795 njhlf;fk; muR Gupe;jhd; vd;W itgtkhiy nrhy;YfpwJ. ,JNtjhd; aho;g;ghz ehl;bd; fz;Njhd;wpa Kjw; jiyefuk; vd;wwpf. jhu;f; flk;gd; Ngu;KUfd; whNkh jud; kUfd; rPu;f;Futd; Njtu; jpul;Lf;nfhUtd; - #u;gifia khw;Wk; Ffd; Fofd; tha;e;jtbahu;Jaiu ahw;Wq; FkudUshNy – Nghw;Wjtu; tha;e;j fjpiukiy thO klq;fd;Kfj; jha;e;j euhfj; jly; VW rha;e;J fq;#y; Nghtjd;Kd; Ndfpae;jg; Nghu; Nte;jd; khkfld; fhty; fle;jtisf; ifg;gpbj;Nj – MtYld; nfhz;Nlfpj; jd;gioa Nrykiy kh KioQ;rpy;

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fPupkiyg; gf;fj;jpNy $lhuk; mbj;jpUe;j ty;ypiag; nghOJgl;L ,uT Neuj;jpy; ifgpbj;J mt;tpuT fopaKe;jp jd; fjpukiyf;Ff; nfhz;L Nghdhd; vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gLtjhy; mg;gb ,uT foptjd; Kd; tuf;$ba ,ilj; J}uj;jpy;jhd; Nkw;gb Rd;dhff; fjpiukiy ,Ug;gijawpf. vdNt fjpiukiy ,lepr;rak; rup vd;wwpf. epw;f> vdNt aho;g;ghzj;jpy; jkpo; muRMuk;gk; 8k; E}w;whz;nld;W mwpf. ,t;Tf;fpurpq;fd; muR rpw;wuR. Nguurhuk;gk; ngh.M.gp.10k; E}w;whz;L mJ ey;Y}u;g; NguuR. aho;g;ghzj;jpy; rpw;wuR 8k; E} w;whz;bYk; NguuR 10k; E}w;whz;bYk; vd;W aho;g;ghz MjhuE}y;fspy; nrhy;yg;gl;bUf;f ,tw;wpid Mjhuk; fhl;b kWf;fhky; Mjhuk; ,y;yhky; thsh 13k; E} w;whz;nld;gJ mu;j;jkw;w Ngr;nrd;f. fjpiukiy ,uhr;rpaKk; fhyKk; xU efiuj; jiyefuhff;nfhz;L xU kd;dd; jd;dhizf;Fl;gl;l ehl;bid Ml;rp Gupe;jhd; vd;why; me;ehL me;efupd; ,uhr;rpaj;ijr; Nru;e;jJ. mk; kd;dd; mj; jiyefu; ,uhr;rpaj;J kd;dd; mtd; Mz;lfhyk;. mj; jiyefu; ,uhr;rpaf; fhyk;. vdNt xU kd;dd;> mtd; murpUe;j jiyefu; mtd; murpUe;jfhyk;> mtd; murhl;rp gz;zpa ehL> mtd; murpaw; gupghydk; gw;wpa nra;jp> vd;wpd;dTk; gpwTkhd rupj;jpu tplaq;fs; mj;jiyefu; njhlu;gpNy mjpfupj;J tUfpd;wd. <z;Lg; Ngrg;GFtJ fjpiukiyj; jiyefUk; mjDl; njhlu;Gngw;w tplaq;fSkhjyhNy mit vy;yhklq;Fk; ,t;tjpfhuj;Jf;Ff; fjpiukiy ,uhr;rpaKk; fhyKk; vd ahNk ngau; je;J Ngrg;GFfpd;Nwhk;. Nky;tUk; ,uhr;rpaq;fSf;Fk; tpsf;fk; ,/Nj. ,f;fjpiukiy ,uhr;rpakhtJ> ,jd; Kd;tpsf; fj;Jf;fhf itgtkhiyapw; nrhy;yg;gl;litfis <z;ilf;F Ntz;lg;gLk; msTf;Fr; RUf;fkhfj; jUNthk;. aho;g;ghzj;jpy; gz;ilehl;fspy; ,Ue;J> kiwe;J Nghd jiyefuq;fSs; xd;W ,f; fjpiukiy efuk; MFk;. ,e;jpahtpd; njd;gFjpAk; ,yq;ifapd; tlgFjpAk; mz;kpj;J ,Uf;fpd;w ,aw;if 26

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eFy Kdptu; mt;thyaq;fspw;wq;fpapUe;J topghL gz;zp te;jhu;. mjdhy; jpUj;jk;gNyRtuu; Nfhtpiy eFNyRtuu; Nfhtpnyd;Wk; jpUj;jk;gNyRtupak;kd; Nfhtpiy eFyhk;gpifak;kd; Nfhtpnyd;W ngaupl;L toq;fp te;jhu;fs; tp[auhrd; jpUg;gzp epiwNtw;wp Kbe;jgpd; gpuahzg;gl;Lj; jd;dpuhr;rpak; KOtijAk; Rw;wpg; ghu;j;Jf; nfhz;L fjpiukiyiar; Nru;e;jhd;. (ah.it.kh.gf;. 1-8) mg;ghy; tp[ad; jk;kdh vd;Dkplj;ij ,uhrjhdpahf;fpj; jd; kidtpiaAk; ,Ugps;isfisAk; js;sptpl;Lg; ghz;b ehl;Lg; ngz;nzUj;jpia tpthfk; gz;zpr; rpytU\ fhyk; murhz;L Gj;jpure;jhdkpd;wp ,wf;f> mtd; ke;jpup ,uhr;rpaj;ijj; jsk;g tplhky; xU tUlk; fhg;ghw;wp> gpd;G tp[auhrd; rNfhjud; Fkhudhfpa ghz;LtR vd;gtid mioj;J te;J murdhf;fpdhd;. ,td; Fyj;J muru; mjd;gpd; mNdfj; jiyKiwahf> ,t;tpyq;ifia Mz;L te;jhu;fs; (ah.it.kh gf; 8)

tha;g;gjdhy; mt;tpuz;L ehl;L tuyhWfSk; fye;J xd;Nwhnlhd;W njhlu;G nfhz;litahf ,Uf;fpd;wd. mjhtJ njd;dpe;jpahtpy; cs;s Nrho-ghz;ba-Nru tuyhWfSk; ,t;tpyq;ifapd; cs;s tlgFjpapy; cs;s aho;g;ghz ,uhr;rpa tuyhWk; xd;Nwhnlhd;W rupj;jpuj; njhlu;G nfhz;litfshf ,Uf;fpd;wd vd;gNj aho;g;ghz tuyhNw> xU Nrho ,uhrFkhupapy; ,Ue;Jjhd; Muk;gpj;J cUthfpd;wJ. ,q;Nf mt;tuyhWfisf; fz;L nfhs;;Nthkhf. aho;g;ghz itgtkhiy nrhy;Yk; tpguq;fisf; fhz;Nghk;. tq;fNjrj;Jr; rj;jpupa kugpw;gpwe;J> ,yhl Njrj;ij murhz;l rpq;fthFtpd; Fkhud; tp[ad; vd;gtd; kfh J\;ldhf ,Ue;jjpdhy;> mtidg; gpjhthfpa rpq;fthF Juj;jptpl…… mtd; fhrpf;Fg;Ngha; mq;Nf ,Ue;jhd;. mt;tplj;jpy; tp[aFkhuDf;F “eP ,yq;if ehl;bd; kj;jpapYs;s fjpiukiyapw; NghapU me;jehL cdf;FilaJ” vdr; nrhg;gdj;jpy; cj;juT fpilj;jjpdhy;> mtd; ePyfz;lhrpupau; vd;Dk; FUitaiof;f> mtu; jkJ gj;jpdpahfpa mfpyhz;lty;ypak;khisAk;> Gj;jpu Gj;jpupfisAk;> kUkf;fisAk; $l;bf; nfhz;Lte;J jdJ gupthuq;fSld; fjpiukiyapw; Nru;e;jhd;. mf;fhyj;jpy; ,yq;ifapd; Fbrdq;fs; ahUkpy;yh jjdhy; tp[auhrd; Fbfis mioj;Jf; FbNaw;wf; fUjpg; gy Kaw;rpfisr; nra;J ghu;j;jhd;…… Fbfis trg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sk; Nehf;fj;jpdhy; tp[auhrd; rka topghl;ilf; Fwpj;Jr; rdq;fSf;F ,\;lk; nfhLj;jpUe;Jk;> jd; rkahrhunthOf;fj;ijj; jtwhkw; fhj;Jf; nfhz;lhd;. murhl;rpia Muk;gpf;F Kd;dNk mtd; jd; murhl;rpf;Fg; ghJfhg;ghf ehYjpf;fpYk; ehY rpthyaq;fis vOg;gpf; nfhz;lhd;. tljpirf;Ff; fPupkiyr; rhuypy; jpUj;jk;giy vd;Dk; gjpapNy> jpUj;jk;gNyRtud;> jpUj;jk;gNyRtup Nfhapy;fisAk; mitfspd; rkPgj;jpNy fjpiuahz;ltu; NfhtpiyAk; fl;Ltpj;J mt;thyaq;fl;Fg; G+rid elhj;Jk;gb ePyfz;lhrhupadpd; %d;whq; Fkhud; thkNjthrpupau; vd;Dk; fhrpapw; gpuhkzidAk; mtd; gj;jpdpahfpa tprhyhl;rp mk;khisAk; miog;gpj;J mf;fpuhfhuk; Kjypa trjpfisAq; nfhLj;J ,Uj;jplitj;jhd;. mf;Nfhtpy; mt;tplj;jpy; Njhd;wpa fhuzj;jhy; me;jf; fpuhkk; Nfhtpw; flit vdg; ngau; ngw;wJ. “Kw;fhyj;jpNy eFyKdpnad;Dk; Xu; ,Ub mq;Fs;s kiyr;rhuypNy rpy fhye;jq;fpapUe;J mq;Fs;s fPupkiyj; jPu;j;jkhb te;jnghOJ jd; Kfj;Jf;fpUe;j mq;ftPdk; ePq;fpg;NghdJ fz;L mj;jy tpNrlj;ijAk; jPu;j;j kfpikAq; Fwpj;J tpag;Gw;W mt;tplNk jdf;Fj; jtk; nra;jw;Nfw;w ,lnkd;W mk;kiy KioQ;rpNy thrQ; nra;J nfhz;bUe;jhu;. mk;KdptDf;Ff; fPupKfk; khwpa fhuzj;jhy; mk;kiyia fPupkiy vd;ghu;fs;. tp[auhrd; mt;tplj;jpw; rpthyaq;fl;Ltpj;jgpd;

ïªJ xË

cf;fpurpq;fd; ,td; tp[auhrdpd; rNfhjud; ghz;LtR vd;gtd; kuigr; Nru;e;jtd;> itgtkhiy ,tid “rhypthfd rfhg;jk; 717y; (ngh.M.gp. 795) tp[auhrdpd; rNfhjud; kugpw; gpwe;j cf;fpurpq;fd; vd;Dk; murd; tljpirapy; ,Ue;J ntF jpushd Nridfisf; nfhz;L te;J Nghuhbr; rpyjiyKiwaha; ,oe;JNghd ,t;tpyq;if murhl;rpapy; miuthrp tiuf;Fk; gpbj;Jf; fjpiukiyapy; ,Ue;J murhz;L te;jhd;… njd;dhLfis Ntw;wurd; Mz;Lte;jhd;…… ,td; eFNyru; Nfhapiyj; juprpj;Jf; fPupkiyr; rhuypy; te;jpwq;fp> Kw;fhyj;jpNy Nrhouhrd; jhd; jPu;j;jkhl te;jpwq;fpapUf;Fk; fhyj;jpNy khspif fl;Ltpj;jpUe;j tstu; Nfhd; gs;snkd;Dk; ,lj;jpNy ghsakpl;bUe;jhd;. (ah.it.kh gf; 13-14) ,q;qdk; cf;fpurpq;fd; te;jpUg;gij mwpe;j njhz;il ehl;il murhz;l njhz;lkhd; vd;Dkurd; Nfs;tpg;gl;Lg; gupthuq;fSld; fPupkiyr;rhuypy; te;jpwq;fp ,t;Tf;fpurpq;fidr; re;jpj;J ,e;j ehl;by; tpisAk; cg;igj; jdf;F tUle;NjhWk; tpiyf;Fj; jUk;gbAk; mt;Tg;G tpisAk; ,lq;fSf;Fr; rkPgkhfj; jk; kuf;fyq;fisf; nfhz;L Ngha; cg;Ngw;wTk;> khup fhyq;fspy; mk;kuf;fyq;fis xJf;fptpl;L mk;kuf;fyNkhl;bfs; jq;fTk; trjpahf ,Uf;Fk; nghUl;L tlflypy; ,Ue;J Xu; MW ntl;Ltpj;Jf; nfhs;sTk; cj;juT Nfl;lhd;. cf;fpurpq;f kfhuhrd; cj;juT nfhLf;fj; njhz;lkhd; mq;fpUe;j rpw;whw;iw kuf;fyq;fs; Xlj;jf;f> MoKk; tpyhrKk; cs;sjhfTk; xJf;fplKs;sjhfTk; ntl;Ltpj;Jj; jd;D}Uf;F kPz;lhd;. mJKjy; ,Jtiuf;Fk; mt; MW njhz;lkhdhW vd;W miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. mg;ghy; cf;fpurpq;f kd;dd; fjpiukiyf;Fj; jpUk;gpdhd;. td;dpau;fs; te;J jq;fs; td;dpehLfisj; 27

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eFNyru; re;epjhdj;jaypNy fz;L mts; Nguofpdhy; kaq;fp kpFe;j Mr;rupaq; nfhz;L jhd; mtis tpthfk; nra;aNtz;Lnkd;W jPu;khdpj;Jf;nfhz;lhd;. (ah.it.kh.gf;.18)

jpiw nfhLj;J Ms cj;juT Nfl;lhu;fs;. murd; jd; ,uhr;rpankq;Fk; jd;dhizNa nry;yTk; jdf;F tuNtz;ba jpiwiaf; NfhNzru; NfhapYf;Ff; nfhLf;fTk; cld;ghL gz;Ztpj;Jf; nfhz;L fjpiukiyf;Fr; Nru;e;jhd;. (ah.it.kh.gf;. 13-15)

khUjg;gputy;yp khtpl;lGuk; fe;jrhkp Nfhapiyf; fl;Ljy; khUjg;gputy;yp jdf;Ff; FjpiuKfk; ePq;fpd fhuzj;jhw; Nfhtpwf; lit vd;Dq; Fwprr; pfF ; khtpll; Guk; vd;Dk; ngau; R+l;b mt;tplj;jpNy fe;jRthkp Nfhapy; fl;Ltpf;f Muk;gpj;J mjw;F Ntz;ba rfy t];Jf;fSk; gpuhkzUk; tUk;gb gz;zNtz;Lnkd;W gpjhthfpa jpirAf;fpu NrhoDf;Fj; jpUKfk; mDg;gpdhs;. mg;nghOJ jpirAf;fpuNrhod; rfy Maj;jq;fSk; gz;zpf;nfhz;L ,yq;ifapNyAs;s fPupkiy ehl;Lf;fDg;Gtjw;Fj; jpy;iy %thaputupy; xUtiuj; jd;dplj;Jf;F mDg;gp itf;Fk;gb rpthyaj; jiytDf;Ff; fl;lis mDg;gpdhd;. mg;nghOJ rpthyaj; jiytd; gpuhkzu; Njhzp VWtJk; ,yq;ifapw; Fb ,Ug;gJk; khfh Njh\khf ,Uf;f murd; ,g;gbf; fl;lisaDg;gp ,Uf;fpwhNd ehd; ,jw;F vd;d nra;ayhk; vd;W gae;J jpy;iyr; rpthyaj;jpNy %d;W ehl; gl;bdp fple;jhd;. mg;nghOJ fdtpNy “fPupkiyr; rhuyhdJ mq;Fs;s Gz;zpa jPu;j;jj;jhYk; rpthya kfj;Jtj;jpdhYk; kfhjpt;tpa jykhfNtapUf;fpd;wJ. fhrpapw; gpuhkzUk; mq;NfapUf;fpwhu;fs;. gpuhkzu; jq;fs; epakepl;il tOthkw; nra;tjw;F kuf;fyq;fspy; ,uhj;jq;fhky; Vwyhk;. eFy Kdptu; mj;jy tpNrlj;ij Nehf;fp mt;tplj;jpy; ,Ue;J jtk; gz;Zk; NghNj mj;jy tpNrlj;ijf; Fwpj;J Nahrpf;f Ntz;banjd;d ahnjhU NahridAkpd;wpaDg;gyhk;” vd;W cj;juT fpilj;jJ. (ah.it.kh.gf;. 19-20)

khUjg;gputy;yp khUjg;gputy;yp> khtpl;lGuk; fe;jRthkp Nfhtpy; fl;baik ,f;Nfhtpypd; Gujhd tuyhW aho;g;ghz Mjhu E}y;fshfpa itgtkhiy> ifyhakhiyapy; tpupthfr; nrhy;yg;gl;Ls;sJ. rhypthfd rfhg;jk; 717y; (ngh.M.gp. 795) tp[auhrd; rNfhjud; kugpw;gpwe;j cf;fpurpq;fd; vd;Dk; murd; tljpirapy; ,Ue;J ntFjpushd Nridfisf; nfhz;L te;J Nghuhbr; rpy jiyKiwaha; ,oe;JNghd ,t;tpyq;if murhl;rpapy; miuthrp tiuf;Fk; gpbj;Jf; fjpiukiyapypUe;J murhz;L te;jhd;. (it. gf;.13) “,td; fhyj;jpNy NrhoNjrhjpgjpahfpa jpirAf;fpu Nrhod; kfs; khUjg;gputy;ypnad;gts; jdf;fpUe;j Fd;k tpahjpahy; nkype;jtsha; tpahjpia itj;jpau;fs; xUtUk; Rfkhf;f Kbahjjpdhy; ,dpj;jPu;j;j ahj;jpiuahFjy; nra;J ghu;j;jhy; Rfk; tuf;$Lk; vd;nwz;zpf; fhtpupg;G+k; gl;bdj;jpy; ,Ue;J Gwg;gl;L mq;Fk; ,q;Fk; Ngha;j; jPu;j;jkhb tUifapy; rhe;jypq;fk; vd;Dk; xU rd;dpahrp fz;L cd;tpahjp gz;bju; xUtuhYk; Fzkhf;fj;jf;fjy;y. eP. ,g;nghOJ vLj;j Kaw;rpNa cdf;Fr; Rfk;juj;jf;fJ. ,yq;ifapd; tlKidapNy fPupkiy vd;nwhU kiyAz;L. mJ rKj;jpujPuj;jKs;sJ mq;Nf ctu;r;ry; kj;jpapy; Rj;jjPu;j;jKk; kiyaUtpj; jPu;j;jq;fspYk; Kf;fpa jPu;j;jkhapUf;fpd;wJ. mjpNy eP Ngha; ePuhbj; jq;fpapUe;jhw; Rfkiltha; vd;W nrhy;y mr;nrhw;gb khUjg;gputy;yp Gwg;gl;Lj; jhjpkhUk; NjhopkhUk; NrdhtPuUk; R+o;e;Jtuf; fPupkiyr;rhuypy; te;jpwq;fpf; Fkhuj;jpgs;sk; vd;Dk; ,lj;jpw; ghsak; Nghl;bUe;J eFyKdptiuf; fz;L rhl;lhq;fkhf tzq;fp mtuhy; MrPu;thjk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;L mj;jy tpNrlj;ijAk; jPu;j;j kfpikiaAk; mj;jPu;j;jj;jpyhbj; jdf;Ff; fPupKfk; khwpd nra;jpiaAk; mk;Kdptu; nrhy;yf; Nfl;L kfhre;Njh\j;Jld; jPu;j;jkhbr; rpthya juprdk; nra;J te;jhs;. rpy fhyj;jpy; mtSf;fpUe;j Fd;ktypAe; jPu;e;J FjpiuKfKk; khwpaJ khwNt khUjg;gputy;ypapd; nastd nrhUgj;ijf; fz;ltu;fs; Mr;rupaq; nfhs;shky; ,Ue;jjpy;iy. (it.khiy.gf;.15-17)

ngupakdj;Js;shu; tUif mg;nghOJ rpthyaj; jiytd; ngupa kdj;Js;shu; vDe; jPl;rjiu Nrhouhrdplk; mDg;gp itf;fr; Nrhouhrd; rfy jsghlq;fisAk; fe;jRthkp ts;spak;kd;> nja;t ehafp mk;kd; tpf;fpufq;fisAk; ngupa kdj;Js;shu; ifapy; xg;Gtpj;J mDg;gp itj;jhd;. jPl;rju; mitfisAk; nfhz;L frhj;Jiw (fhq;Nfad;Jiw) vd;Dk; Jiwapy; te;jpwq;fpdhu;. fe;jRthkp tpf;fpufk; te;jpwq;fpd fhuzj;jhy; me;jj;Jiwf;Ff; fhq;Nfrd;Jiw vdg; ngauhapw;W. (ah. it.kh.gf;.20-22) khtpl;lGuk; fe;jRthkp Nfhapypd; ngUik khUjg;gputy;yp vd;Dk; Nrho ,uhrf;Fkhuj;jpahy; ,t;thyak; fl;lg;gl;lJk; fe;jRthkp tpf;fpufk; Kjyhd tpf;fpufq;fnsy;yhk; je;ijahfpa Nrho ,uhrdhy; mDg;gpitf;fg;ngw;Wk; ngupakdj;Js;shu; vd;Dk; rpjk;gu jPl;rfuhy; rh];jpuKiwg;gb gpujp\;il nra;ag;ngw;wJk; mtuhy; JtrhNuhfzk;

cf;fpu rpq;fd; khUjg;gputy;ypia tpthfk; nra;a epidj;jy; mf;fhyj;jpNy fjpiu kiyapy; ,Ue;j cf;fpurpq;f kfhuhrd; eFNyru; Nfhtpiyj; juprpf;f %d;whe;juk; fPupkiyr; rhuypy; te;jpwq;fp tstu; Nfhd;gs;sj;jpy; ghsak; Nghl;bUe;jhd;. mtd; khUjg;gputy;ypia

ïªJ xË

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murFkhup jd;fz;fhzpg;gpy; fl;Ltpj;Jk; Fk;ghgpN\ fk; nra;J itj;jik gw;wp eFyfpupg; Guhzj;jpy; gpd;tUkhW tpgukhf tu;zpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.

nra;J jpUtpohr;nra;ag;ngw;wJk; ,f;Nfhapypd; jdpg;ngUikf;Fupa nra;jpfshk;. md;wpAk; ,t;tpyq;ifapNy Kjd;Kjy; JtrhNuhfzk; nra;J jpUtpohr; nra;ag;ngw;w Gz;zpa jyk; ,k; khtpl;lGuk; fe;jRthkp Nfhapy;jhd; vd;gJ itgtkhiyiaf; nfhz;lwpaf; fpilf;fpd;wJ. khUjg;gputy;ypapd; kz epfo;r;rp xU ehsputpy; khUjg;gputy;yp Njthyaj; jpUg;gzpiag; gw;wpa MNyhridAld; rg;gpukQ;rj;jpw; rha;e;J tpopg;gha; ,Uf;Fk; rkaj;jpNy mu;j;j rhkNtisapy; cf;fpurpq;fkfhuhrd; ghsaq;fisAk; muzpg;ghd NridfisAk; fle;J mtspUe;j ghsaj;Jl; GFe;J mtis vLj;Jj; jd; ghsaj;Jf;Ff; nfhz;L Ngha; itj;Jf; nfhz;lhd;. nghOJ tpbe;jgpd; khUjg;gputy;ypapd; jhjpkhUk; NjhopkhUk; fhtw;NridfSk; mtisf; fhzhjjpdhy; kdq;fyq;fpj; Njbg;Ngha; cf;fpurpq;f kfhuhrd; ghsaj;jpy; ,Ue;j nra;jpawpe;J mtdplj;jpy; nrd;W ehq;fs; vd;dnra;ayhk; vd;W Nfl;f mts; vd; gl;lj;Jj; Njtpahapdhs;. ePq;fs; Ngha; ,e;jRg Nrhgdr; nra;jpiag; gpjhTf;fwptpAq;fs;. vd;W nrhy;yp topr;nryTf;Fg; nghUSq; nfhLj;J mDg;gptpl;lhd;. mjd;gpd; cf;fpurpq;fd; fjpiukiyf;Fg; Nghf Nahrpj;jNghJ khUjg;gputy;yp fe;jRthkp Nfhapw; jpUg;gzp epiwNtw;wp Kjyhk; cw;rtr; rpwg;Gf; fz;ly;yhky; mt;tplj;ij tpl;Lg; Nghfg;gpupakpy;iy vd;wjdhy; mg;gpuahzj;ij epWj;jpj; jpUg;gzpia epiwNtw;wp Mdp cj;juj;jd;W Jt[hNuhfze; njhlq;fp cw;rtj;ij epiwNtw;wpf; nfhz;L fjpiukiyapw; nrd;W gzpthfr; rlq;ifAk; epiwNtw;wpr; rfy nrsfupaq;fisAk; mDgtpj;jpUe;jhs;. (ah.it.kh.gf;.21-22)

1. ePs;ngUq; NfhapYk; epfupy; NfhGuQ R+o;jU neLkjpy; Rlu;jd; fhz;Gwj; jho;tfd; wpLkW NfhLe; je;Jfd; ehspdpd; fe;jNts; jd;id eag;Gld; 2. nrg;gUk; Fk;gjh gdq;fs; nra;jplh njhg;gpyh kiwKiw nahspU ey;yUd; itg;gpdh thfd gjpl;iljd;idKd; jg;gpyhu;f; FkuNts; jdf;Fr; nra;jds; cf;fpurpq;fuhrDf;Fk; khUjg;gputy;ypf;Fk; fjpiu kiyapw; Nrho mur guk;giu kugpw;fikthf ntF cw;rhfj;NjhLk; tpkupirahfTk; jpUkzk; ele;NjwpaJ. rpyfhyQ; nrd;wgpd; khUjg;gputy;yp jyahj;jpiu nra;J tUk;NghJ NfhNzrfpupf;Fr; nrd;W jPu;j;jkhbf; NfhNzruiuAk; juprpj;J mq;Fs;s G+rfUf;Fg; gl;lhil Kjypa gupRfisAk; toq;fp mtu;fsJ Mrpfisg; ngw;whs; ,g;gbNa nrd;w nrd;w ,lq;fnsy;yhk; jhd ju;kq;fs; nra;Jk; kPz;Lk; eFyfpupf;F te;J neLf;fhykhf khtpl;lGuk; fe;jRthkpahiu tzq;fp ey;yUs; ngw;Wf;nfhz;L fjpiu kiyf;Nf Gwg;gl;lhs;.

(ed;wp : ‘aho;g;ghzj; jkpouru; tuyhWk; fhyKk;’> Gytu; gz;bj ngh. n[fe;ehjd;> Ntyiz> aho;. ,yf;fpa tl;l ntspaPL 1987)

ey;Yhh;; fe;jRthkp Nfhapy; yuyhw;wpy; rpy Jspfs; ,Uf;fpd;w ey;Yhh; vd;w gpuNjrNk jkpoh; murpd; Guhjd ey;Yhh; MFk; vdf; nfhs;tjpy; jtwpy;iy. vdNt GtNdfthF vd;w ,e;j KjyhtJ murg; gpujpepjp fp.gp.948,y; ey;Yhh;f; fe;jRthkp Nfhapiy Kjd;Kjw; fl;bdhdh? mt;thW fl;bapUe;jhy; mJ epr;rakhf aho;g;ghzf; Flhehl;bYs;s ey;Yhuhf ,Uf; f tha; g ; g py; i y.rpq; i fefh; mike; j pUe; j ngUepyg; g ug; g pYs; s ey; Y huhfNt ,Ue; j pUf; f Ntz;Lnkdj; Jzpayhk;. ifyhakhiyg; ghlypdg; b fp.gp.948,y; KjyhtJ ey;Yhh;f; fe;jRthkp Nfhapy; mikf;fg;gl;lJ vd KbTnra;jhy; mf;Nfhapy; g+efhp ey;Yhhpy; fl;lg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. f. Fzuhrh (ed;wp: ey;iyf; Fkud; kyh; -2003)

tl gFjpapy; mw;Gjkhd Myaq;;fs; rpy.. fp.gp.944 Mk; Mz; L r%f rka epWtdq; fs; rpy...

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kfidf; fpwp];jtdhf;fp kjk; gug;Gk; vz;zj;NjhL nghJ Mz;Lf;Fg; gpd; 1505y; Nghu;j;Jf;fy; GtNdfghFitj; jw;nrayhfr; Rl;lJ Nghyr; Rl;Lf; Njrthrpfs; rpyu;> gpuhQ;rp];Nfh Nj my;Nkjh nfhd;wdu;. jk; vz;zk; Nghyj; ju;kghyhitf; vd;gtidj; jiytdhff; nfhz;L fhypj; JiwKfj;ij mile;jdu;. fhypj; JiwKfk; ,yq;ifapd; njd;Nkw;Fg; fpwp];jtdhf;fpdu;. murd; vt;top kf;fSk; mt;top gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; cs;sJ. mg;NghJ ju;kguhf;fpukghF vd;gJ Nghy mur gpujhdpfSk;> kf;fSkhf fpwp];jt kjj;ijg; gpd;gw;wj; njhlq;fpdu;. gpd;du; gwq;fpfs; vd;gtd; njd; ,yq;if murdha; Nfhl;ilf;fhL vd;Dk; efuj;jpypUe;J murhl;rp nra;jhd;. Nghu;j;Jf;Nfau; nky;y nky;y ,yq;ifj; jPtpd; kw;iwa ,lq;fisAk; jkjhf;f Kide;J ntw;wpAk; ngw;wdu;. fdf#upa rpq;ifahupahd; ,oe;j jd; kFlj;ij kPz;Lk; #l;bf; nfhz;L aho;g;ghzj;ij Ml;rp nra;j gpd; mtdJ %j;j kfdhd guuh[Nrfud; fp.gp 1478 Mk; Mz;L rpq;ifg; guuh[Nrfud; vd;w rpk;khrdg; ngaNuhL kd;ddhdhd;. ey;Y}iu NkYk; rpwg;Gkpf;f efuhf;fpatd; rpq;ifg; guuh[Nrfud;. rg;Gky; Fkuahtpd; gilnaLg;ghy; mopTw;w Myaq;fis ,td; GdUj;jhuzk; nra;jpUg;gjhff; nfhs;s ,lKz;L. rl;lehjh; Nfhapy; ntAYfe;jg; gps;isahu; Nfhapy;> ifyhaehju; Nfhapy;> tPukhfhspak;kd; Nfhapy; vd;gdtw;iw ,td; kPz;Lk; Gduikj;jhd; vdf; nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;. guuh[Nrfu kd;dDila Ml;rpiag; nghw;fhyk; vd;Nw <otuyhw;W E}y;fs; tUzpf;fpd;wd. ,g;gbg; guuh[Nrfud; Ml;rp nra;J tUifapy; RgjpU\;b Kdptu; ebastian Münster My; 1588y; tiuag;gl;l <o tiuglk; vd;ghu; mtd; rigf;F te;jhu;. mtd; mtiu tzq;fp tuNtw;W> Kdptuplk; “mbNad; ,t;tpuhr;rpaj;Jf;F ,dp mtdplk; mDkjp ngw;W ahJ epfOnkd;wwpag; NguhirAilNad;. gz;lrhiy xd;iwf; ...cz;ikapy; rq;fpyp Xu; jp u p f hyKk; czu;e;j ePq;fs; nrhy;y fl;bdu;. Nghu;j;Jf; MSik kpf;f kd;ddhfTk;> Ntz; L k; “ vd tpdtpdhd;. Nfaiug; gwq;fpau; ehl; L zu; T kp f ; f jiytdhfTk; GUN\hj;jkh> eP Gz;zpathd;> eP vd;gJ mf;fhyk; njhl;l ,Uf; Fk; tiuf;Fk; cd;Dila muR jPu;f;fjuprdKk; jPtpuKk; nfhz;l tof;F. Fiwtpd;wp elf;Fk;. mjd; Nky; cdJ JUf;fpag;gil xd;W Xu; Ml;rpahsdhfTk; ele;J %j;jFkhud; eQ;#l;bf; nfhy;yg;gLthd;. mg;NghJ rpyhgk; Kjyhd nfhz;lhd;... ,uz;lhq;Fkhud; ntl;Lz;L ,wg;ghd;. gFjpia Kw;Wifapl ,uz;lhk; gj;jpdpapd; tapw;wpw; gpwe;j te;J Njhw;Wg; rq;fpypapd; khatiyf;Fl;gl;L muir NghdJ. gpd;du; 1517 kw;Wk; 1520 Mk; Mz;Lfspy; mtd; ifap w ;nfLj;jpLthd;. rq;fpyp nfhLq;NfhNyhr;rpj; kPz;Lk; ,UKiw gilnaLj;J te;J gwq;fpau; fl;ba jd; d uir me; epa Njrthrpfshd gwq;fpau; ifapw; Nfhl;ilia Kw;Wifapl te;J mjpYk; Njhy;tpiaj; nfhLj; J ,wg; g hd; . gwq;fpfs; rpthyaq;fis mopj;Jj; jOtpdu;. jkJ rkaj;ijg; gug;gpf; nfhLq;Nfhyhf;fp ehw;gJ tUrk; gpd;du; jhk; te;j Nehf;fj;ij epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhfg; Ms;tu;. mtiu xy;yhe;ju; ntd;W rka tpraj;jpy; Nghu;j;Jf;Nfau; rpq;fs murdhfpa GtNdfghFtpd;

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mtiug;Nghw; nfhbauhfp E}w;wpUgJ tUrk; muR nra;tu;. mjd; Nky; kw;nwhU Njrj;jhu; (Giff;fz;zu; - Mq;fpNyau;) te;J xy;yhe;jiu xl;b ePjp Ml;rp nra;tu;. cd; re;jjpf;F muR xU fhyj;jpYk; kPs;tjpy;iy” vd;whu;. ,ijNa jpUNfhzkiyj; jk;gj;jpy; cs;s fy;ntl;Lk; nrhy;fpd;wJ ,g;gb “Kd;dhl; Fsf;Nfhl;ld; %l;Le; jpUg;gzpiag; gpd;dhl; gwq;fp gpbg;ghNd - nghd;dhUk; G+idf;fz; nrq;fz; Giff;fz;zu; Ngha;khw khNd tLfha; tpLk;”. guuh[Nrfu kd;ddpd; mitf;F te;j RgjpU\;b Kdptu; nrhd;d M&lj;jpid nka;g;gpf;Fk; tz;zk; njhlu;e;J tuyhw;wpy; kpf Nkhrkhd gf;fq;fs; vOjg;glyhapd. rpq;ifg; guuh[NrfuDf;F rpq;fthF> gz;lhuk;> guepUgrpq;fk;> rq;fpyp vd ehd;F Mz;kf;fSk;> xU ngz;Zkhf Ie;JFoe;ijfs; ,Ue;jdu;. rq;fpyp jd; J\;l JiztNuhL Nru;e;J #o;r;rp nra;J guuh[Nrfudpd; %j;j kfdhfpa rpq;fthFit eQ;#l;bf; nfhd;whu;. rq;fpypapd; nra;if ,Jntd ahUf;Fk; re;Njfk; tutpy;iy. guuh[Nrfud; jd; ,isaFkhudhfpa gz;lhuj;ij ,sturdhf;fp mtdplj;jpy; muir xg;G tpj;Jtpl;Lj; jd; Gj;jpuj; Jau; Mw;wf; Fk;gNfhzj;jpw;Fj; jPu;j;j ahj;jpiu nry;fpd;whd;. je;ijNahL $lNt nrd;w rq;fpyp> “mq;F vjpu;g;gl;l Nrhokd;dDf;F cupa kupahij nfhLf;fhJ mtkjpf;fpd;whu;. ,jdhy; rpdq;nfhz;l Nrhokd;dd;> guuh[NrfuidAk; rq;fpypiaAk; rpiwg;gpbf;fpd;whu;. mJ Nfl;L> guuh[Nrfudpd; mLj;j kfd; guepUgrpq;fd; jhd; nfhz;L nrd;w giliaj; jpul;br; Nrhokd;did ntd;W jd; je;ijiaAk;> rNfhjuidAk; rpiwkPl;fpd;whd;. guuh[Nrfud; ey;Y}Uf;F kPz;lTld; jd; kfd; guepUgrpq;fdpd; tPuguhf;fpukj;ij nkr;rp> mtDf;Ff; fs;spaq;fhL> rz;bUg;gha;> muhyp> mr;RNtyp> cLg;gpl;b> fr;rha;> ky;yhfk;> vd;Dk; VO fpuhkq;fisAk;> jhkpu rhrdKq; nfhLj;J mf;fpuhkq;fSf;F mjpgjpahf;fpdhd;. mJ rq;fpypapd; kdjpy; Mwhj; jPia cz;L gz;zpaJ. xUKiw jd; rNfhjud; gz;lhuk; G+e;Njhl;lj;jpy; cyh tUk;NghJ mtidf; nfhd;whd; rq;fpyp. KJik fhuzkhfj; jsu;e;jpUe;j guuh[NrfuDk; NgrhjpUe;jhd;. guepUgrpq;fd; fz;b nrd;wpUe;j rkak; jdJ je;ijapd; vjpu;g;igAk; Gwf;fzpj;Jtpl;L 1517y; aho;g;ghz ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; mupaiz Vwpdhd; rq;fpyp. kd;dd; guuh[NrfuidAk; rq;fpypNa nfhd;W> nrfuhrNrfud; vd;w rpk;khrdg; ngaNuhL kd;ddhdhd; vdg; Nghu;j;Jf;Nfa Mjhuq;fs; $Wk;. guepUgrpq;fd;> rq;fpypapd; typikf;F mQ;rpg; NgrhjpUe;jhd;. ngh. M.gp 1519 Mk; Mz;lstpNy rq;fpyp aho;g;ghz ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; kd;ddhfpdhd;. jkpo; kf;fspilNa

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Nghu;j;Jf;fPru; jPl;ba rpNyhd; tiuglk; kpf epidT nfhs;sg;gLk; kd;ddhfr; rq;fpyp tpsq;fp tUfpd;whd;. guuh[Nrfuupd; gl;lj;J ,uhzpay;yhj xUj;jpf;F kfdhfg; gpwe;J> gl;lj;Jf;F cupj;jhd %j;j rNfhjuu;fis mopj;J aho;g;ghz ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; rpk;khrdk; Vwpdhd; ,td;. 1505 Mk; Mz;Nl Nfhl;Nl ,uhrjhdpf;Fg; Nghu;j;Jf;Nfau; te;jNghJk; mtu;fs; aho;g;ghzj;Jldhd njhlu;ig 1543 Mk; Mz;bNyNa nfhs;sKbe;jikf;Ff; rq;fpyp kd;ddpd; vjpu;g;Ng fhuzkhff; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ. Nghu;j;Jf;Nfa E}y;fs; rq;fpyp kd;didf; nfhLq;Nfhydhfr; rpj;jupf;fg;gLtjw;Ff; fhuzk; ,y;yhkypy;iy. ,td; Muk;gj;jpy; ,Ue;Nj Nghu;j;Jf;Nfaupd; eltbf;iffSf;F vjpu;g;Gj; njuptpj;jNjhL mtu;fNshL njhlu;Gnfhz;Nlhiuj; jz;bg;gjpYk; Kidg;ghf ,Ue;jhd;. cz;ikapy; rq;fpyp Xu; MSikkpf;f kd;ddhfTk;> ehl;Lzu;Tkpf;f jiytdhfTk; jPu;f;fjuprdKk; jPtpuKk; nfhz;l Xu; Ml;rpahsdhfTk; ele;J nfhz;lhd; vdj; njupfpd;wJ. tpdpa jhgpuNgdpah (Vinea Tabrobonea) vd;w rupj;jpu E}ypd; gpufhuk; gwq;fpfs; 1590 ,y; aho;g;ghzj;jpNy gilNaw;wpr; nrd;W rq;fpyp kd;dNdhL Aj;jk; nra;J muirf; ifg;gw;wpdu; vd;W

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Fsj;jpNy Gijj;Jtpl;L ePu;Ntypg;gFjpf;F Xbdu;. njhlu;e;J ey;iyf; fe;jd; Myak; jiukl;lkhfpaJ.

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crht cjtpait: 1. “aho;g;ghzr; rupj;jpuk;”> ehd;fhk; gjpg;G: khrp 2000>%yg;gjpg;G A+iy 1912 M.Kj;Jj;jk;gpg;gps;is 2. “<oj;jtu; tuyhW” ,uz;lhk; gjpg;G: fhu;j;jpif 2000 - fyhepjp f.Fzuhrh 3. “aho;g;ghz ,uhr;rpak;”> ij 1992 - gjpg;ghrpupau; fyhepjp rp.f.rpw;wk;gyk; rpj;jpuk;: 1.

2.

Map by *MUNSTER*, c.1588 (ebastian Münster (1488 - 1552) was a German cartographer, cosmographer) - Columbia University tuyhw;Wj; jsk; Nghu;j;Jf;fPru; jPl;ba rpNyhd; tiuglk; - Library of congress an illustrated guide

jpUf;NfjP];tu Mya tuNtw;G tisT njhlu;ghd $l;lk;

fUzhde;jf; FUf;fs;> jpUf;NfjP];tu Mya epu;thf cWg;gpdu; gpUe;jhtdehjd; MfpNahu; fye;Jnfhz;L fUj;Jiufis toq;fpdu;. fye;Jiuahlypd; epiwtpy; gpd;tUk; %d;W Kf;fpa jPu;khdq;fs; va;jg;gl;ld. 1. jpUf;NfjP];tu Myaj;jpw;Fupa tisit mehfupfkhd Kiwapy; gpLq;fp mfw;wpaik jtW vd;w fz;ldj;ij fye;J nfhz;bUe;j ahtUk; xd;W $b ntspg;gLj;jpdu;. 2. tisT gioa ,lj;jpy; kPs epu;khzpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;Fj; jilahf Mau; cs;spl;l vtUk; ,Uf;ff; $lhJ vdf; Nfl;Lf;nfhs;tjhfj; jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;lJ. 3. jpUf;NfjP];tu Myak; ,e;jpa mur cjtpAld; gyNfhb &gh ngWkjpapy; kPs epu;khzpf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. Nfhtpiyg; ghJfhf;Fk; jhu;kPfg; nghWg;G ,e;jpa muRf;Fk; cupaJ vd;gij ,e;jpaj; J}ju; Clhf ,e;jpa muRf;Fj; njupag;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;lJ.

jpUf;NfjPr;ruj;jpy; kPsTk; tisit epu;khzpg;gJ njhlu;ghf ,e;Jf;fSf;F ,ilapyhd fye;Jiuahly; xd;W fle;j 20.07.2019 rdpf;fpoik gpw;gfy; 4 kzpKjy; ey;Y}upy; cs;s mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wj;jpd; aho;. gpuhe;jpa mYtyfj;jpy;> ,e;J khkd;wj;jpd; aho;.gpuhe;jpag; gzpkidapd; nfsut ,af;FdUk; cgjiytUkhfpa fyhepjp MW. jpUKUfd; jiyikapy; eilngw;wJ. ,jpy; kd;dhu;> tTdpah> fpspnehr;rp> Ky;iyj;jPT aho;g;ghzk; Mfpa ,lq;fspy; ,Ue;J rka Mu;tyu;fs; kw;Wk; mikg;Gf;fspd; gpujpepjpfs; vdg; gyE} w;Wf;fzf;fhNdhu; fye;J nfhz;ldu;. ey;iy MjPd Kjy;tu; =y= NrhkRe;juNjrpf Qhdrk;ge;j gukhrhupa Rthkpfs;> aho;. rpd;kah kprd; Rthkp rpjhfhrhde;ju;> ,e;Jf; FUkhu; jiytu; fyhepjp F.n[fjP];tuf; FUf;fs;> kd;dhu; ,e;Jf; FUkhu; jiytu; k. ju;kFkhuf; FUf;fs;> tPzhfhd gPlj; jiytu; r.thRNjtf; FUf;fs; jpUf;NfjP];tuk; Myag; gpujk FU

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tpfhhp tUlk; Mtzp - Gul;lhjp 2019


Mtzp - Gul;lhjp khj tpujq;fs; Mtzp

,t;thW Mz;LNjhWk; ehnlq;Fk;> cynfq;Fk; tpehafu; rJu;j;jp nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ.

tpehafu; rJu;j;jp ,e;J kf;fs; mDl;bf;fpd;w tpujq;fspy; tpehaf rJu;j;jp tpujk; Kf;fpakhd xd;W. xt;Nthu; Mz;Lk; Mtzp khjr; Rf;fpygl;r rJu;j;jpj; jpjpad;W tpehaf rJu;j;jp mDl; b f; f g; g Lfpd; w J. md;iwa jpdk; cynfq;fZKs;s ,e;Jf;fs; gagf;jpNahL tpehaf topghbaw;wp> cz;zh Nehd;gpUe;J> jhd ju;kq;fs; nra;J nfhz; l hLfpd; w du; . ehl;Lf;F ehL me;jf; nfhz;lhl;lq;fs; NtWgl;l Kiwfspy; nfhz; l hlg; g Ltijf; fhzyhk;. rPdh> [g;ghd;> jha;yhe;J> fk;G+r;rpah> kpad;khu; nkhq;Nfhypah> jPngj;J Mfpa ehLfspYs;s ngsj;j kf;fSk; jq;fs; tzf;fj;jpy; gps;isahiuAk; Nru;j;Jf;nfhz;Ls;sdu;. rPdhtpy; fhzg;gLk; gy tpehafu; rpiyfs; 1400 tUlq;fs; gioik tha;e;jitnad Ma;thsu;fs; fz;lwpe;Js;sdu;. Mt‌zp kh‌j‌k; R‌f;yg‌l;r rJ‌‌u;‌j;‌jp ‌jpd‌j;‌jp‌y; m‌jpfhiy‌ap‌y; vO‌e;‌J % ‌‌ \pf thfdid KO kdNjhL ‌epid‌j;J ‌‌ePuhl Nt‌z;L‌k;‌. G+ir miw‌ap‌y; R‌j;jkhd kid‌g;gyif it‌j;J mj‌d; ‌‌‌kPJ muprpkhf; Nfhy‌k; Nghl Nt‌z;Lk ‌ ;. mj‌d; Nk‌y; jiythio ,iy x‌d;iw tl‌f;Fg; gh‌‌‌u;‌j;J it‌j;J mj‌d; NkNy ‌‌g‌r;r‌‌up‌rpiag; gu‌g;‌gp it‌ f;f Nt‌ z;Lk ‌;. mjd;Nky; fsp kz;zhy; nra;j gps;isahu; rpiyfis itj;J> vUf;fk; G+ mzptpj;J> mWfk;Gy;> nrt;te;jp> ky;ypif> musp Nghd;w kyu;fshy; mu;r;rid nra;tJ tof;fk;. Iq;fuDf;F tpUg;gkhd nfhOf;fl;il> mg;gk;> Rz;ly;> til> mty;> nghup vd epNtjdq;fs; nra;J> thio> jpuhl;ir> ehty;> tpshk;gok;> fUk;Gj; Jz;Lfs;> kw;Wk; goq;fs; vd kpfTk; gpupaKld; Jk;gpf;ifahDf;F mspf;fpNwhk;. mwpT njspe;j Qhdk; Kjypatw;iw mspj;J vLj;j nray;fs; jiltuh tz;zk; fhj;jUs Ntz;LfpNwhk;. kWehs; Gdu;G+ir vd;W nrhy;yg;gLk;> rpW G+ir nra;J> ey;y Neuk; ghu;j;J> gps;isahu; rpiyfis vLj;Jr; nrd;W fpzw;wpNyh> Fsj;jpNyh> Mw;wpNyh tpl;L tpLtJ tof;fk;.

kfh rq;flfu rJu;j;jp Mtzp khjk; Nja;gpiw rJu;j;jpapy; tUk; rq;fl`urJu;j;jp> kfhrq;flf`u rJu;j;jp vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ. rq;fl`u rJu;j;jp tpuj topghl;bid Nkw;nfhs;Nthu; Kjypy; kfhrq;fl`u rJu;j;jp ehspypUe;J Muk;gpf;fpd;wdu;. rq;fl`u rJu;j;jp tpujj;jpd;NghJ gfy; KOtJk; cz;zhky; khiy Ntisapy; tpehafiu topghL nra;J re;jpu juprdk; nra;J cztUe;jp tpuj KiwahdJ G+u;j;jp nra;ag;gLfpwJ. rq;fl`u rJu;j;jp topghl;bd;NghJ tpehafg; ngUkhdpd; 32 tbtq;fspy; xd;whd rq;flehrd fzgjp vd;w tbtk; tzq;fg;gLfpwJ. rq;fl`u rJu;j;jp topghL Nkw;nfhs;s tho;tpd; midj;J Jd;gq;fSk; ePq;Fk;. nrsghf;fpa tho;T fpl;Lk;. tsu;gpiw rJu;j;jp (ehd;fhk; gpiw) re;jpuidg; ghu;g;gjhy; Vw;gLk; njhy;iyahdJ Nja;gpiw rq;fl`urJu;j;jp topghl;bid Nkw;nfhz;lhy; rupahFk;.

ïªJ xË

= fpU\;z n[ae;jp kfh tp\;Ztpd; vl;lhtJ mtjhuk; fpU\;zh tjhukhFk;. mJNt fpU\;z n[ae;jpg; gz;bifahff; nfhz; lhlg;gl;L tUfpwJ. kfpo;r;rp ntspapy; ,y;iy. kdjpy;jhd; ,Uf;fpwJ vd;gij cyfpw;F czu;j;jpatu; fpU\;zu;. ehk; vd;dthf ,Uf;fpNwhNkh mjd; gbNa ekf;Ff; fhl;rp jUgtu;jhd; fpU\;zu;. cyfk; KOtjpYk; xt;nthU Mz;Lk; Mtzp khjk; m\;lkp jpjp> Nuhfpzp el;rj;jpuj;jd;W fpU\;z n[ae;jp gz;bif Nfhyhfykhff; nfhz;lhlg;gl;L tUfpwJ. kJuh efupy; Njtfp - thRNjtUf;F vl;lhtJ kfdhf fpU\;z gfthd; mtjhuk; vLj;jhu;. fpU\;zu; gpwe;jJ rpiwr;rhiyapy;. rpiwr;rhiyapy; gpwe;j fpU\;zu;> NfhFyj;jpy; tsu;g;Gj; jha; aNrhijahy; tsu;f;fg;gl;lhd;. jdJ jha; khkd; fk;ridf; nfhd;W Jthuifapy; murhl;rp nra;jhu;. ghujg; Nghupy; ghz;ltu;fSf;F cWJizahf ,Ue;J> Nghu;f;fsj;jpy; mu;[_dDf;F NjNuhl;bahf 33

tpfhhp tUlk; Mtzp - Gul;lhjp 2019


nfhz;lhl;lj;jpd;NghJ khgypr;rf;futu;j;jpia tuNtw;f kf;fs; gytz;zg; G+f;fshy; mj;jg;G+f; Nfhyk; NghLfpd;wdu;. ,g;gz;bifapd;NghJ frg;Gr; Ritapidj; jtpu Vida Ritfspy; 64 tifahd czTg; nghUl;fs; jahu; nra;J Xz tpUe;jpid ez;gu;fs; kw;Wk; cwtpdu;fSld; kf;fs; cz;L kfpo;fpd;wdu;. fiy> fyhrhu epfo;r;rpfs;> glFg;Nghl;bfs;> khWNtlg;Nghl;bfs;> ahid mzptFg;Gfs; Mfpait ,t;tpohf; nfhz;lhl;lj;jpd;NghJ elj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

te;jtUk; fz;zd;jhd;> ghu;j;jrhujp vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwhu;. NjNuhl;bahf te;j fz;zd;> mu;[_ dDf;F cgNjrpj;j mwpTiufs;jhd; ,e;J kf;fspd; Gdpj E}yhd gftj; fPijahf cs;sJ. jd; filrpf; fhyj;jpy; Ntld; xUtd; va;j mk;G fhypy; ijf;f G+Nyhfj;jpy; fz;zd; mtjhuj;ij Kbj;J kPz;Lk; itFz;lk; nrd;whu; vd;W $wg;gLtJk; cz;L. fpU\;z n[ae;jp jpdj;jpy; Foe;ijf; fz;zd; ek; tPl;bw;Fj; jspu;eil Nghl;L te;J mUs;ghypg;gNj NfhFyh\;lkpapd; Kf;fpa mk;rkhfg; ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ. mjdhy; jhd; fpU\;z n[ae;jp md;W tPl;il fOtpr; Rj;jk; nra;J> muprp khthy; Nfhykpl;L> khtpiy Njhuzq;fshy; myq;fupfpNwhk;. thrypy; njhlq;fp Rthkp miw tiu Foe;ijapd; fhy;j; jlq;fis muprp khthy; gjpf;fpNwhk;. Mypiyf; fpU\;zd; jdJ gpQ;Rg; ghjq;fis mbNky; mb itj;J tPl;Lf;Fs; jj;jpj;jj;jp ele;J tUtjhf IjPfk;. fpU\;zu; rpiyf;Fg; G+f;fshy; myq;fhuk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. mjpy; Jsrp ,Ue;jhy; ,d;Dk; rpwg;G. gpd;G> fpU\;zUf;Fg; gpbj;j japu;> ntz;iz> mty; Kjypatw;iwg; gpurhjkhf itf;f Ntz;Lk;. rPil> KWf;F> yl;L Nghd;w ,dpg;G czTfisAk; itf;f Ntz;Lk;. Kbe;j msTf;Fg; G+iria khiy 6.00 7.00kzpf;Fs; nra;jhy; rpwg;G.

Mtzp mtpl;lk; Mtzp khjk; mtpl;l el;rj;jpuj;jpy; tUk;. ,e;jg;ngsu;zkpapy; rptd; Nfhapy;fspy; rptDf;F nty;yr; ru;f;fiuahy; mgpN\fk; nra;thu;fs;. md;iwa jpdj;jpy; cgeadk; ngw;wtu;fs; G+Z}iy khw;wpf; nfhs;fpwhu;fs;. Ntjq;fisAk; gbf;fj; njhlq;Ffpd;wdu;. Ntjq;fs; gbf;f Mtzp mtpl;lk; ey;yehshff; fUjg;gLfpwJ. tuyl;Rkp tpujk; tuyl;Rkp tpujk; vd;gJ Rkq;fypg; ngz;fs; nra;Ak; kpfr; rpwg;ghd G+i[ahFk;. kfhtp\;Ztpd; Njtpahd yl;Rkp Njtpiaf; Fwpj;Jr; nra;ag;gLtNj tuyl;Rkp tpujkhFk;. tp\;Z vd;gjw;F vq;Fk; tpahgpj;jpUg;gtu; vd;W nghUs;. yf;\;kk; vd;why; Fwpg;G my;yJ milahsk; vd;W nghUs;. tp\;Z gfthd; jhd; vq;Fk; epiwe;Js;sij tpsf;f> cyfpYs;s moFfs; midj;ijAk; xd;whf;fp mikj;Js;s milahsNk kfhyl;Rkp MFk;. kfhyl;Rkpiaj; jdyl;Rkp> jhd;ayl;Rkp> ijupa yl;Rkp> n[ayl;Rkp> tPuyl;Rkp> re;jhdyl;Rkp> f[yl;Rkp> tpj;ahyl;Rkp vd m\;lyl;Rkpfshfg; gpupj;Js;sdu;. vl;L tif nry;tq;fis thup toq;Fgts; mts;. yl;RkpNjtp nghWikkpf;fts;. mts; midtUf;Fk; ed;ikNa nra;ths; vd mju;tz Ntjj;jpy; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. Fwpg;ghfg; ngz;fSf;F xU f\;lk; vd;why; mtshy; nghWj;Jf; nfhs;s KbahJ. mts; epj;jpa Rkq;fyp. kQ;rs; gl;L cLj;jpf; fhl;rp jUgts;. fztuhd jpUkhypd; khu;gpy; FbapUg;gts;. ngz;fSf;Nf cupj;jhd fUiz cs;sk;> moF> ntl;fk;> md;G> Gj;jp Mfpatw;wpw;F mjpgjpAk; mtNs. tuyl;Rkp tpujk; ,Ug;gjhy; gy gyd;fs; Vw;gLk;. tuyl;Rkp tpujk; mDl;bg;gjw;F tPL my;yJ Nfhapy;fspy; njd;fpof;F %iyapy; xU rpW kz;lgk; vOg;g Ntz;Lk;. mjpy; re;jdj;jhy; nra;ag;gl;l tuyl;Rkpapd; Kfj;ij itf;f Ntz;Lk;. trjp kpf;ftu;fs; nts;spr; rpiy itf;fyhk;. rpiyiaj; jhok;G+thy;

Xzk; Xzk; gz;bifahdJ Nfush> njd;jkpofk; kw;Wk; kiyahs kf;fs; cs;s ,lq;fspy; Mtzp

ngsu;zkpia xl;b tUk; jpUNthz el;rj;jpuj;jpy; kpftpku;irahff; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ. mj;jg;G+f; NfhyKk;> XztpUe;Jk; ,g;gz;biff;fhd Kf;fpa milahsq;fs; MFk;. Mtzp khj m];jk; el;rj;jpuj;jpy; njhlq;fp jpUNthz el;rj;jpuk; tiu nkhj;jk; gj;J ehl;fs; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ. ,J Nfusj;J mWtilj; jpUehs;> Nfusj;Jj; jPghtsp> Nfusj;Jg; Gj;jhz;Lf; nfhz;lhl;lk; vd;nwy;yhk; rpwg;gpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,j;jpUtpoh gw;wp kJiuf; fhQ;rpapYk;> Njthuj;jpYk; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,g;gz;biff;

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34

tpfhhp tUlk; Mtzp - Gul;lhjp 2019


Gul;lhjp

myq;fupj;J mij xU gyifapy; itf;f Ntz;Lk;. rpiy Kd; thio ,iy Nghl;L mjpy; xU gb gr;ruprpiag; gug;g Ntz;Lk;. muprpapd; kPJ Njq;fha;> khtpiy> vYkpr;ir> nghd;> goq;fs; Mfpatw;iw itj;Jr; rpiyf;F kQ;rs; Mil mzptpf;f Ntz;Lk;. xU Fk;gj;ij vLj;J mjpy; Gdpj ePu; epiwj;J> re;jdk; Fq;Fkk; itj;J> khtpiyAld; Njq;fha; itj;J muprpapd; eLtpy; itf;f Ntz;Lk;. gpd; Ie;J tifahd Muj;jpj; jl;Lfshy; G+i[ nra;a Ntz;Lk;. Fk;g G+i[ Kbe;jgpwF fNzr G+i[ nra;a Ntz;Lk;. m\;lyl;RkpfSf;Fk; tpUg;gkhd mWfk;Gy;iyr; rpiyapd; kPJ J}tpg; G+i[ nra;tJ ey;yJ. G+i[apd; NghJ m\;lyl;Rkp ];Njhj;jpuk;> fdfjhuh ];Njhj;jpuk;> kfhyl;Rkp ];Njhj;jpuk; Mfpatw;iwg; gbf;fyhk;. tPl;bw;F te;jpUf;Fk; ngz;fSf;Fj; Njq;fha;> kQ;rs;fapW> Fq;Fkk; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. ieNtj;akhff; nfhOf;fl;il gilf;fyhk;. gpd; fyrj;ij muprpg; ghidapy; itj;Jtpl Ntz;Lk;. ,jdhy; md;dG+uzpapd; mUs; fpilf;Fk; vd;gJ ek;gpf;if. re;jdj;jpy; nra;ag;gl;l yl;Rkp tbtq;fis kWehs; ePu;epiyapy; fiuj;Jtpl Ntz;Lk;. Rkq;fypg; ngz;fs; ,e;j tpujj;jpd;NghJ jhypf; fapw;iw itj;Jg; G+i[ nra;J> mjid mzpe;J nfhs;thu;fs;. ,jdhy; mtu;fs; jPu;f;f Rkq;fypahf ,Ug;ghu;fs;. ,e;j tuyl;Rkp tpujj;ijf; filgpbf;Fk; FLk;gj;jpy; cs;s Foe;ijfSf;F cau;e;j Qhdk; fpl;Lk;. Rkq;fypg; ngz;fSf;F kq;fs tho;f;if mikAk;. khq;fy;ag; ghf;fpak; epiyj;J ePbf;Fk;. FLk;gj;jpw;F vl;Ltpj I];tupaq;fs; cz;lhFk;. ,e;j tpujk; Nkw;nfhs;NthUf;F tpUk;gpa eyd;fs; vy;yhk; fpl;Lk;. Mtzp Qhapw;Wfpoik topghL Mtzp khjj;jpw;F mjpgjpahf #upad; fUjg;gLfpwhu;. ,jdhy; Mtzp khj Qhapw;W topghL Md;k gyj;ij mjpfupf;Fk;. mf;fhyj;jpy; Mbapy; tpijj;j gapu;fs; Mtzpapy; tsuj; Jtq;Fk;. mg;NghJ> tptrha Ntiyf;Fr; nry;Yk; FLk;gj;jpdu; ghk;G kw;Wk; tp\g;G+r;rpfsplkpUe;J ghJfhg;ghf ,Uf;f Mtzp Qhapw;Wf;fpoik md;W tpujk; ,Uf;Fk;Kiw cUthdJ. jpUkzkhfhj ngz;fs; ey;y fztd; Ntz;bAk;> Mz;fs; Ntiy kw;Wk; tho;tpd; jilfisj; jfu;njwpa Ntz;bAk; Mtzp Qhapw;Wf;fpoik tpuj topghl;bid Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wdu;. fz; Neha; cs;stu;fs; Mtzp Qhapw;Wf;fpoik topghl;bid Nkw;nfhz;L epthuzk; ngwyhk;. ghk;Gfis %ytu;fshff; nfhz;l topghl;blq;fspy; rpwg;G topghL Mtzp Qhapw;Wf;fpoikfspy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ.

ïªJ xË

Gul;lhjpr; rdp “Gul;lhjpr; rdp” vd miof;fg;gLk; Gul;lhjpr; rdpf;fpoik tpujk; Gul;lhjp khjj;jpy; (jkpo; khjk;) tUk; rdpf;fpoikfspy; rdpgfthid epide;J rdp Njh\k; ePq;ff; filg;gpbf;fg;gLk; tpujk; MFk;. rdP];tud; Nfhrukhfr; rQ;rupf;Fk; NghJ (jw;Nghija fpuf rQ;rhuj;jpy;) xUtUila [hjfj;jpy; re;jpud; epw;Fk; (re;jpu) ,uhrpf;F 5tJ ,uhrpapy; rQ;rupf;Fk; fhyk; gQ;rk rdpnad;Wk;; 8tJ uhrpapy; rQ;rupf;Fk; fhyk; ml;lkj;Jr; rdpnad;Wk;> 12tJ ,uhrpapYk;> re;jpu ,uhrpapYk;> re;jpuDf;F 2tJ ,uhrpapYk; rQ;rupf;Fk; fhyk; Voiur; rdpnad;Wk; (%d;W uhrpfisAk; flf;f vLf;Fk; fhyk; Voiu Mz;Lfs; mjdhy;) $Wtu;. rdP];tuu; ke;jfjp cilatu;. ,tu; xU uhrpiaf; flf;f ,uz;liu tUlq;fs; Mfpd;wd. mjdhy; xt;nthUtu; tho;f;ifapYk; xt;nthU Kg;gJ Mz;LfSf;F xU jlit ,j;Njh\q;fs; Row;rpahf Vw;gLfpd;wd. ,r;rdpNjh\ fhyq;fspy;> Gj;jpu ghf;fpaf; FiwT> kuz gak;> mjpf gpuahzk;> mjpf nryT> gz e\;lk;> NjfRff; FiwT> tPz; rr;ruT vd;gd cz;lhFk;. ,j;Njh\j;jpdhy; gPbf;fg; ngw;wtu;fs; Njh\ eptu;j;jp nra;tjhy; rdP];tud; kfpo;Tw;Wj; jhf;fq;fs; Fiwtile;J ed;ikfs; Vw;gLtjhf IjPfk;. ,tw;Ws; Voiur; rdpfhyk; kpfTk; f\;lkhd fhykhf N[hjplk; fzpf;fpd;wJ. rdP];tuidg;Nghy; nfLg;ghUk; ,y;iy> nfhLg;ghUk; ,y;iy vd Md;Nwhu; $Wtu;. mjdhy; kf;fSf;Fr; rdpgfthdplk; rw;W mr;rk; cz;L. ,t; ,uhrpfspy; rdP];tud; rQ;rupf;Fk; NghJ gy f\;lq;fisAk; e\;lq;fisAe; je;J Jd;gg;gLj;jpa rdP];tud; ,t; ,uhrpfisf; fle;J mLj;j uhrpf;Fr; nry;Yk; NghJ e\;lq;fis <Lnra;Ak; tifapy; ms;spf;nfhLj;J tpl;Lr; nry;thu; vd;gJ IjPfk;. rdp Njh\k; cs;stu;fs; Gul;lhrp khrj;Jr; rdpf;fpoikfspy; fhiyapy; ey;nyz;iza; itj;Jj; Njha;e;J> Myak; nrd;W fWg;Gj; Jzpapy; vs;is rpW nghl;lskhff; fl;b vs;nsz;iz (ey;nyz;iz) tpl;L tpsf;Nfw;wp> mu;r;ridfs; nra;J rdP];tuid topgl Ntz;Lk;. mjd; gpd; rpt tp\;Zf;fis topgl;Lg; gpuhj;jpj;Jf; NfhsWgjpfk;> Njthuk; my;yJ tp\;Z Njhj;jpuk; ghbj; Jjpf;fNtz;Lk;. tPL nrd;W Viofs; %tupw;Fg; Nghrdk; mspj;Jj; jhDk; czT cl;nfhz;L tpuj;ij Kbf;fyhk;. rdP];tudpd; thfdkhff; fhfk; miktjhy; cztUe;J Kd; fhfq;fSf;F czT gilj;jgpd;Ng jhk; cztUe;Jtu;. kw;wa tpujq;fspd; NghJ vz;iz itj;Jj; NjhAk; tof;fk; ,y;iy. Mdhy; rdpf;fpoik-rdP];tuDila tpujj;jpw;F khj;jpuk; vz;iz itj;Jj; NjhAk; Kiw filg;gpbf;fg; ngWfpd;wJ.

35

tpfhhp tUlk; Mtzp - Gul;lhjp 2019


jpdk; mJ. mk;gpiff;Nfh xd;gJ uhj;jpupfs;> mjhtJ etuhj;jpup. Mdhy;> mk;ikahdts; ehk; cz;zhky; ,Ug;gijg; nghWg;ghsh? vdNtjhd; epj;jk; xU Rz;ly;> ieNtj;jpa gpurhjk; vd etuhj;jpupiaf; nfhz;lhl mUspapUf;fpwhs;!’ ,JNt etuhj;jpup topghL Fwpj;Jf; fpUghde;j thupahu; mtu;fspd; mw;Gjkhd tpsf;fkhFk;. etuhj;jpup jpdj;jpy; tPLfspy; nfhY itj;Jf; nfhz;lhlg;gLk; tof;fk; fhyk; fhykhff; filgpbf;fg;gl;L tUfpwJ. nfhY itj;J nfhz;lhg;gLk; ,e;j xd;gJ ehl;fspYk; rpWkpfs; Kjy; taJ Kjpu;e;j ghl;bfs; tiu khiy Neuj;jpy; mk;gpifapd; jpUf;fijfisAk;> mtisg; Nghw;Wk; Jjpg;ghly;fisAk; ghb topgLthu;fs;. Gul;lhrp khj> mkhthirf;F mLj;j ehs; mjhtJ gpujik jpjpapy; ,Ue;J etuhj;jpup Jtq;FfpwJ. njhlu;e;J tUk; xd;gJ ehl;fSk; etuhj;jpup mD\;bf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j jpdj;jpy; mk;kid vt;thW topgl Ntz;Lk; vd;w topKiwfs; tFf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. rpy ,lq;fspy; mk;kid et fd;dpifahfTk;> rpy ,lq;fspy; et Ju;f;ifahfTk; epidj;J topgLfpd;wdu;.

ek; Kd;Ndhu;fs; xt;nthU rdpf;fpoikfspYk; ey;nyz;iz cly; KOtJk; gpul;br; rpwpJ Neuk; (clk;gpy; RtWk; tiu) ,Ue;J Njha;tJ tof;fkhf ,Ue;jJ vq;fs; vy;NyhUf;Fk; njupAk;. fhuzk; Nfl;lhy; clk;Gr; #L jzpa vd;W $Wthu;fs;. Mdhy; mjw;F ,d;DnkhU fhuzk; ,Uf;fpwJ. ,e;j rdpf;fpufk; clYf;F jPq;F (Njh\j;ij) Vw;gLj;jf; $ba fjpu; tPr;Rf;fis tPRfpd;wJ. mjdhy; mjid xU ghgf; fpufkhf N[hjplk; milahsk; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. rdp fpufk; xU [hjUf;F ngUk; Njh\j;ij Vw;gLj;jf; $ba ,lq;fspy; ([hjfj;jpy; re;jpu uhrpf;F 1> 2> 5> 8> 12 Mfpa ,lq;fspy;) Nfhrukhfr; rQ;rhuk; nra;Ak; NghJ mjd; fjpu;tPr;Rf;fs; NkYk; jPtpuk; miltjhff; fzpf;fg; ngw;Ws;sd. mjdhy; me;j [hjfu; cly;> cs;sk; uPjpahf ngUk; ghjpg;igg; ngWfpd;whu;. rdpf;fpufj;jpy; ,Ue;J tUk; fjpu;fis ey;nyz;izapy; Rtwpa vkJ clk;G> jhf;f tplhJ jil nra;fpd;wJ. jPa fjpu;fs; vk; clypy; jhf;fj;jpid Vw;gLj;jhJ jLf;fNt ,e;j vz;iz KOf;F. ,j; jPa fjpu;fs; %is euk;Gfisg; ghjpf;fpd;wJ. [hjfUila rpe;jidfis jpirkhwpr; nry;y itj;Jg; gy rpf;fy;fspy; khl;btpLfpd;wJ. me;jf; fpufj;jpd; fjpu; tPr;rpypUe;J jg;gpf;fg; gy gupfhur; rlq;Ffs; ,Ue;jhYk; kpf Kf;fpakhf xt;nthU rdpf;fpoikAk; cly; KOf;f vs; vz;iza; (ey;nyz;iz itj;J) gpul;br; #upa cjaj;jpy; 1/2 kzp Neuk; epd;w gpd; Njha Ntz;Lk;> mjdhy;jhd; vkJ Kd;Ndhu;fSk; rdpf;fpoikfspy; vz;iz itj;Jj; NjhAk; tof;fj;jpidg; gpd;gw;wpAs;sdu; vd;gJ ntspg;gil. Mdhy; jw;NghJ ehfuPf Nkyhjpf;fj;jpdhy; mit gpd;gw;wg; ngWtjpy;iy. mtutu; tpidf;Nfw;gg; gyd;fid toq;Ftjpy; ePjp jtwhjtu; rdP];tud;. ,tuJ jpdkhd rdpf;fpoikfspy; tpujkpUe;J topgLNthUf;F ePz;l MASk; Jd;gkpy;yhj tho;Tk; fpilf;Fk;. xt;nthU rdpf;fpoikfspYk; tpujkpUf;f Kbahjtu;fs; Gul;lhjpr; rdpf;fpoikfspy; tpujkpUf;fyhk;. rdpf;F mjpgjp kfhtp\;Z. mjdhy; rdpf;fpoikfspy; tp\;Z rf];uehkk; ghuhazk; nra;tJ ed;ikiaj;jUk;. ,e;jpahtpy; jpUes;shw;wpy; cs;s rdP];tudhu; Nfhtpy; kpfTk; gpurpj;jkhdJ. ,q;Nf es kfhuh[hd; rptngUkhid topgl;Lr; rdP];tudhy; gPbj;j Jd;gj;jpy; ,Ue;J tpLgl;lhd; vd;Wk; $Wtu;. mupr;re;jpu kfhuh[h jd; murpoe;J Rliyapy; fhty;fhud; MdJk;> ghz;ltu;fs; 12 Mz;Lfs; tdthrk; nra;jJk;> ,uhkgpuhd; tdthrk; nra;jJk;> rPij ,uhtzdhy; ftug;gl;Lr; rpiwapypUe;jJk; rdP];tudpd; Njh\j;jhNy vd;W E}y;fs; $Wfpd;wd.

et fd;dpif topghL : gj;J taJ epuk;ghj fd;dpifahf ehs; xU gUtj;jpy; mk;gpifia topgLtJ etfd;dpif topghL. Kjy; ehspy; - ,uz;L taJf; Foe;ij - Fkhup ,uz;lhk; ehs; - %d;W taJf; Foe;ij - jpupGuh %d;whk; ehs; - ehd;F taJf; Foe;ij - fy;ahzp ehd;fhk; ehs; - Ie;J taJf; Foe;ij - Nuhfpdp Ie;jhk; ehs; - MW taJf; Foe;ij - fhspfh Mwhk; ehs; - VO taJf; Foe;ij - rz;bfh Vohk; ehs; - vl;L taJf; Foe;ij - rhk;gtp vl;lhk; ehs; - xd;gJ taJf; Foe;ij - Ju;f;fh xd;gjhk; ehs; - gj;J taJf; Foe;ij - Rgj;uh vd xt;nthU ehSk; xt;nthU ngaupy; etfd;dpif topghL nra;a Ntz;Lk;. et Ju;f;if topghL : ghu;tjp Njtpapd; gy;NtW epiyfspy; mk;ghisj; Ju;f;ifahff; fUjp topghL nra;tJ etJu;f;if topghL. Kjy; ehs; - i\yGj;up ,uz;lhk; ehs; - gpuk;krhupzp %d;whk; ehs; - re;jufhe;jh ehd;fhk; ehs; - $\;khz;lh Ie;jhk; ehs; - ];fe;j khjh Mwhk; ehs; - fhj;ahazp Vohk; ehs; - fhyuhj;up vl;lhk; ehs; - kfh fTup xd;gjhk; ehs; - rpj;jpjhj;up

etuhj;jpup rptDf;F xU uhj;jpup mJ rptuhj;jpup. cz;zhky; cwq;fhky; tpujk; ,Ue;J topglNtz;ba Gz;zpa

ïªJ xË

36

tpfhhp tUlk; Mtzp - Gul;lhjp 2019


etuhj;jpupapy; gpujhdkhfg; ghu;f;fg;gLtJ Nfhyk; jhd;. xt;nthU ehSk; xt;nthU tpjkhf> xt;nthU nghUl;fs; nfhz;L Nfhykplyhk;. etuhj;jpupapd; NghJ> nfhY itg;gjhy; rpWtu; - rpWkpfs; cs;spl;l ,isa rKjhaj;jpdu; kj;jpapy; ,aw;ifapy; mike;Js;s moFzu;r;rpAk; ntspf;nfhzu VJthfpwJ. ngz;fsplk; nfhYg; nghk;ikfs; moFg;gLj;Jk; jpwd; fhuzkhfj; jd;dk;gpf;if Vw;gLtJld; tajhdtu;fis kjpf;Fk; gz;Gk; tsu;f;fg;gLfpwJ. nfhY itf;Fk; tof;fk; cs;s tPLfspy; Mz;L NjhWk; fhyj;jpw;Nfw;whw;Nghy; etPd Gjpa nghk;ikfs; ,lk; ngWk;. kz;zhyhd nghk;ikfisr; nra;J gpiog;G elj;Jk; iftpidf; fiyQu;fSf;F tho;tspg;gjhf ,J mikfpwJ vd;gjhy; rpW njhopiy Cf;Ftpj;j jpUg;jpAk; nfhYthy; Vw;gLfpwJ vd;why; kpifapy;iy. ,e;jpa cg fz;lj;jpd; jl;gntl;g epiyg;gb mf;Nlhgu;> etk;gu; khjq;fs; kio> Fspu; fhyk; vd;gjhy;> ,e;jf; fhyj;jpy; Fwpg;ghfg; ngz;fSf;Fg; Gujr; rj;Jj; Njitg;gLk;. me;j tifapy; etuhj;jpup ehl;fspy; tpjtpjkhd Gujr;rj;J epiwe;j gaW tiffis cz;Zk; tifapy; Kd;Ndhu; ,e;jg; gz;bifiaf; nfhz;lhb te;Js;sdu; vd;gJ kUj;Jt uPjpapYk; epiwitj; jUfpwJ. xd;gJ ehl;fspYk; 9 tifahd gaW tiffs;> goq;fis mk;kDf;Fg; gpurhjhq;fshfg; gilj;J> mtw;iw kw;wtu;fSf;Fk; toq;Ftij tof;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;sdu; ngz;fs;. MAjG+i[ fy;tpf;F mjpgjpahd ru];tjp NjtpiaAk;> ek; njhopYf;Fk; [Ptdj;jpw;Fk; cjtp nra;Ak; fUtpfisAk; G+i[ nra;J tzq;Fk; ehNs ru];tjp G+i[> MAjG+i[ ehshFk;. MAj G+i[ md;W jhq;fs;

vd;W et jpdq;fspYk; et Ju;f;if topghL nra;tJ rpwg;Gj; jUk;. nfhY XuwpT capu;fs; Kjy; midj;Jf;Fk; Mjhukhd mk;gpif tiuapYkhd nghk;ikfs; etuhj;jpup nfhYtpy; ,lk;ngWk;. ,e;jf; nfhYg; nghk;ikfis ve;nje;jg; gbepiyfspy; vg;gb mLf;fNtz;Lk; vd;w epajpia Kd;Ndhu; tFj;Js;sdu;. fPopUe;J Kjy;gbapy;: kuq;fs;> nrbnfhbfs; Nghd;w XuwpT capu;fs; epiwe;j G+q;fhf;fis ,lk;ngwr; nra;ayhk;. ,uz;lhk; gb: ej;ij> ml;il Kjyhd nky;y Cu;e;J nry;Yk; <uwpT gilj;j capupdq;fis ,lk;ngwr; nra;ayhk;. %d;whk; gb: vWk;G> G+uhd; Nghd;w %d;wwpT capupdq;fis ,lk;ngwr; nra;ayhk; ehd;fhk; gb: gwitfs; Kjyhditfis ,lk;ngwr; nra;ayhk;. Ie;jhk; gb: gR> ahid Kjyhd Ie;jwpT nfhz;l tpyq;fpdq;fis ,lk;ngwr; nra;ayhk;. Mwhk; gb: kdpju;fs; ,lk;ngwyhk;. tzpfu;> Fwtd; Fwj;jp Kjyhd nghk;ikfis ,lk;ngwr; nra;ayhk;. Vohk; gb: nja;t mtjhuq;fs;> etf;fpufq;fs; Kjyhd nja;t nghk;ikfis ,lk;ngwr; nra;ayhk;. vl;lhk; gb: Kk;%u;j;jpaUk; NjtpaUld; tpsq;Fk; nghk;ikfis ,lk;ngwr; nra;ayhk;. xd;gjhk; gb: ,jpy; uh[uhN[];tupapd; tbtk; gpujhdkhf ,lk;ngw Ntz;Lk;. G+uz fyrKk; itg;ghu;fs;.

ïªJ xË

37

tpfhhp tUlk; Mtzp - Gul;lhjp 2019


nra;Ak; njhopypy; epGzj;Jtk; ngw;W jq;fs; njhopy; ed;F tpUj;jp miltjw;fhfj; jq;fs; njhopYf;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; fUtpfs;> ,ae;jpuq;fs;> MAjq;fs;> ,irf; fUtpfs; Gj;jfq;fs;> ngd;rpy;> Ngdh Nghd;w nghUl;fis ed;F Rj;jg;gLj;jpg; G+i[ nra;thu;fs;. ,e;j ehNs MAj G+i[ k`hetkp vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ. ,e;jg; G+i[ etuhj;jpupapd; 9k; ehs; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ. tp[ajrkp ntw;wpiaf; nfhz;lhLk; tpohNt tp[ajrkp. xd;gJ ehl;fs; mRurf;jpfis vjpu;j;Jg; Nghu; Gupe;J rk;`upj;j Mjpguhrf;jp> gj;jhtJ ehshd jrkpad;W rhe;jkile;jhs;. Njtpapd; ntw;wpiaj; Njtu;fs; $b ,e;jj; jrkp ehspy; nfhz;lhb kfpo;e;jhu;fs;. fiykfSk;> jpUkfSk;> kiykfSk; ,ize;j rf;jpia ,e;j ehspy; tzq;fpdhy; rfy nrsghf;fpaq;fSk; fpl;Lk; vd;gJ kf;fspd; njhd;Wnjhl;LtUk; ek;gpf;if. Foe;ijfs; gbg;Gj; njhlq;Fk; epfo;r;rpAk; VL njhlq;Fjy; vd;w ngaupy; eilngWk;. NkYk; Gjpa njhopy; njhlq;FtJ> Gjpa Kaw;rpfis Nkw;nfhs;tJ vy;yhNk ,e;j tp[ajrkp ehspy; eilngWk;. vy;yhr; rpthyaq;fspYk; td;dpku Ntl;il vDk; ghupNtl;il epfo;Tk; ,utpy; elf;Fk;. cyfNk fz;L tpaf;Fk; ik#U jruh gz;bifAk; ,e;j tp[ajrkp ed;dhspy; jhd; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ. uhtzid uhkgpuhd; ntw;wpnfhz;l jpUehshf tp[ajrkp nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ. mQ;Qhj thrk; Kbj;j ghz;ltu;fs; jq;fsJ MAjq;fisg;ngw;W mk;gpifapd; mUisg; ngw;w Rg ehSk; ,JNt. gz;lhRuid vjpu;j;j mk;gpifapd; rpdk; jhq;fhky; gz;lhRud; td;dp kuj;jpy; xspe;jhd;. ,ijf;fz;L nfhz;l mk;gpif td;dp kuj;ij ntl;b> gz;lhRuid tjk; nra;jhs;. ,JNt td;dpku Ntl;il vd ,d;Wk; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ. rfy Njtu;fsplKk; MAjq;fs; ngw;W eufhRuid ntd;w kfhrf;jp> etuhj;jpup ,Wjp ehspy; ntw;wp

ngw;whs;. jhd; gilj;j capu;fis mr;RWj;jp te;j jPa rf;jpfisj; Njtp fUiz nfhz;L rq;fupj;jhs;. gj;jhtJ ehshd tp[ajrkp ehspy; Mjpguhrf;jpahff; fhl;rp je;J rfyiuAk; Mrpu;tjpj;jhs;. ,jd; cz;ikahd jj;Jtk; vd;dntd;why;> flTshy; gilf;fg;gl;l ekJ gQ;r ,e;jpupaq;fis mlf;fpahs Ntz;Lk;. xUNtis mJ ekJ fl;Lg;ghl;by; ,y;yhj NghJ> mitfshy; njhy;iy Neu;e;J fhk> FNuhj> Nyhg khr;rupaq;fspy; %o;fpf; nfl;Lg;NghNthk;. ,jdhy; ghtq;fs; cz;lhFk;. ghtq;fs; ek;ik Mz;ltNdhL mZfhky; nra;J tpLk;. Mz;ltid vz;zhj kdpju;fs; kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; gpwg;ngLj;J khatiyfspy; rpf;fp my;yy; cWthu;fs;. vdNt gQ;r ,e;jpupaq;fs; vdg;gLk; fz;> fhJ> %f;F> ehf;F> Njfk; ,itfsplk; ftdkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. xUNtis mit miye;J jpupe;J njhy;iy nra;jhy; kdk; vDk; k`hrf;jpapd; mUshy; mitfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj tp[ajrkp ed;dhs; $Wk; jj;Jtk;. clypd; ,r;irfis mlf;Fk; rf;jp kdJf;F cz;L. me;j kdijf; flTspd; kPJ jpUg;gp mtdUshy; nty;tNj rpwe;jJ. kdij xUKfg;gLj;jp tho;thq;F thor; nra;Ak; ty;yikia ekf;F mspg;gts; Mjpguhrf;jp. mtspd; mUshy; xOf;fkhd tho;itg; ngw;Wr; rpwg;ghd NgWfisg; ngWNthk;.

ešÿ® KUf‹

ešÿuh‹ fh£á bfhL¥gh‹

gšyÉ ešiyÆš thrh Phd¥ ãufhrh. mDgšyÉ ešy bjŒthid tŸËa«ik rnkjh euhRu® g Phdg©o jhguh (ešiy) ruz« eh‹ c‹id e«ãnd‹ ešFuîã eÈahkš bkÈahkš mUŸjªJ msthŒ njDªJ nt§ifahŒ âid¥òd« Ëwid $uhk‹ kUfns KUfnd »Ughfuh (ešiy)

ešy kybuL¤J ešÿiu eho¥nghŒ ešy kd¤njhL eh«gªjhš - ešykÆš V¿tªJ fh£á bfhL¥gh‹ vÊšKUf‹ nj¿ÉL« áªij bjË! bjËínk Ëáªij brštdUŸ bgh§» tÊínk jhdt®fŸ thndh® - xÊÉ‹¿ tªJ tz§F« tsŠnrU« ešÿlj fªjbtd¢ brhšÈ¡ fUJ!

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Ntytidj; Jjpj;jhy; Ntjidfs; jPUk;! jpU ,uhirah =jud; mUzfpupehju; $WtJNghyNt> re;epjpapYiwAk; Njthjp Njtdhd jpUf;Fkud; KUfd; akgankhopj;J cyfpy; vy;iyapy;yhj Mde;jkakhd r%f tho;f;ifiaj; je;jUs;fpd;whd;. khu;f;fz;Nlau; rptgpuhid Kw;W KOjhf ek;gpj; jd;idNa mtuplk; xg;gilj;j khjpup mbahu;fs; midtUk; jk;ikNa KUfdplk; mu;g;gzpj;J ,d;gfukhd> kfpo;r;rp fye;j re;Njh\ tho;itj; je;jUs Ntz;Lnkd;W Mw;wq;fiuapy; tPw;wpUf;fpd;w MWKfg; ngUkhid mbgzpfpd;whu;fs;. “ve;jhA nkdf; fUs; je;ijAk; eP rpe;jh Fykhdit jPu;j; njidahs; fe;jh fjpu;NtytNd cikahs; ike;jh> Fkuh> kiwehafNd”

Kj;jkpohy; itjhiuAk; tho itg;gtd; KUfd;. mj;Jld; jkpo;nkhopahfNt fhl;rp jUfpd;w fe;jf;flTs;> Mw;wq;fiuapNy> nry;tr;re;epjpapNy tPww ; pUe;J mUshl;rp nra;fpd;w moNf jdp. KUfd; vd;why; mofd; vd;Wk; ngau;. me;j monfy;yhk; xd;W Nru;e;J jpuz;nlOe;jhw; Nghd;w tbtk; jhd; re;epjpNtytd;. ghu;f;fg; ghu;f;fg; gutr%l;Lfpd;w gupG+uzhde;jdhfg; gupzkpf;Fk; Ntw; ngUkhd; jk;ik topgLk; mbahu;fspd; Jd;gq;fisAk; Jauq;fisAk; ePf;Fjw; nghUl;Lr; re;epjpapNy kpfTk; mUs; nfhopf;Fk; tifapNy mUl;fhl;rp jUfpd;whd;. KUfg;ngUkhd; cjpj;jNj Jd;gq; fisjw; nghUl;Nl. Njtu;fs; FiwjPu;f;fntd;Nw Fd;WNjhwhbtUk; Fkud; Gwg;gl;Lte;J tPuthF Njtu; Kjyha gilfs; #or; #ugd;kidr; rq;fupj;j tuyhW fe;jGuhzj;jpNy kpfTk; mofhff; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. Fiw jPu;f;fte;j FkuNtiyg; Nghw;wpg;gzpe;J tzq;fpj; Jjpf;f Ntz;baJ ekJ jiyaha fldhFk;. Kj;Jf;Fkudhf tpsq;Ffpd;w tbNtw;ngUkhd; nry;tr;re;epjpapNy = ts;sp NjtNrdhjpgjpahff; fhl;rp je;J topgLk; mbahu;fspd; Ntz;Ljy;fisnay;yhk; Fiwtpd;wp epiwNtw;wp mbahu;f;fUSk; mUl;fe;jdhf kpspu;fpd;whd;. KUfNd nry;tr;re;epjp thOk; fe;jNd FfNdjpUkhy; kUfNd NjtNrdhjpgjpNa ruzk;! cUfhj kdnky;yhk; cUfr;nra;Ak; mWKfNd tUtha; kapy;kPjpdpNy tbNtYlNd mUs;tha;! vd;W Njhj;jpupj;Jj; JjpghLk; mbahu;fs; ,q;Nf Mapuf;fzf;fpy; te;J juprpj;J kfpo;r;rpg; gputhfj;jpy; %o;fpd;whu;fs;. “kuzg;gpukhjk; ekf;fpy;iyNa” vd;W

ïªJ xË

vd;W fe;juDG+jpapNy mUzfpupehju; Fwpg;gpLtJ NghyNt> je;ijAk; jhAkhf ,Ue;J mUs;GupAk; me;j MWKfd; nry;tr;re;epjpapNy njhz;ilkhdhw;wq; fiuapNy tPw;wpUe;J vkf;Fj; jpUtUs; Gupfpd;whd;. Njtu;fs; FiwjPu;f;fntd;Nw cjpj;jtd; KUfd;. mtu;fs; vy;NyhUk; xd;W Nru;e;J jk;ikr; rpiwkPl;Lf; FiwNghf;f Ntz;Lnkd;W xw;Wikahf Ntz;Ljy; nra;jhu;fs;. mNj Nghy> ,d;dy;fs; kj;jpapNy tho;fpd;w ,d;iwa jkpopdk; Kw;WKOjhf xd;WNru;e;J KO kdNjhL fe;jg;ngUkhidf; ifnjho Ntz;Lk;. vs;ssNtDk; gpuptpid ,Uf;ff;$lhJ. mt;thW xd;Wgl;lhy; cz;L tho;T vd;gjid kdj;jpw; nfhz;L vk;ngUkhidr; rpe;jpj;J te;jpj;Jr; Nrtpj;J epd;why; Mw;wq;fiuahd; epr;rak; mUs;Gupthd;. vkJ Ntz;LjYf;F ,uq;fp mtd; mUs;Gupthd;. ,e;j ek;gpf;if vy;NyhUf;Fk; tuNtz;Lk;. Kw;W KOjhf vk;ik mtdplk; xg;gilj;jhy;> Njtu; 39

tpfhhp tUlk; Mtzp - Gul;lhjp 2019


rpiwkPl;Lj; jpUtUs;Gupe;J #uidr; rq;fupj;Jj; jk;ikf; fhg;ghd; vd;W ek;gpdhu;fs;. mjdhy; Ntw;ngUkhd; Ntjidiaj;jPu;j;J rhjid Gupe;jhd;. MfNt> jkpou;fs; vy;NyhUk; xd;Wgl;L vkJ Fiwiag; Nghf;f Ntz;Lnkd;W re;epjpahd; KUfdplk; ruzila Ntz;Lk;. mtd; cldbahfg; Gwg;gl;L te;J muhIfj;ij xopj;J mUs;Gupe;J fhg;ghd;. “fhu;khkpir fhyd; tupw; fyhgj; Nju;khkpir te;njjpug;gLtha; jhu;khu; gtyhup jyhupnaDk; R+u;kh kbaj; njhLNtytNd”

“tpopf;Fj;Jiz jpUnkd; kyu;g;ghjq;fs; nka;k;ik Fd;wh nkhopf;Fj;Jiz KUfhntDk; ehkq;fs; Kd;G nra;j gopf;Fj;Jiz mtd; gd;dpUNjhSk; gae;j jdptopf;Fj;Jiz tbNtYk; nrq;Nfhld; kA+uKNk” MfNt> filrpapy; ‘fe;jNd fhg;ghw;W’ vd;W fuq;Ftpj;Jr; rpue;jho;j;jp topghL nra;jhy; “gQ;rk;> gil te;jhYk; ghnuy;yhk; nte;jhYk; mQ;RtNkh ehq;fsb fpspNa! MWKfd; jQ;rkb” vd;W Nahfu; Rthkpfs; $wpaJ Nghy> KUfNd fjpnad;W jQ;rkile;J tpl;lhy; mtd; vy;yhtw;iwAk; ftdpj;Jf; nfhs;thd;. “KUfehkj;jpd; gyd; jpUtUNs fpilf;Fk;”… nra;thu;fsh?

vd;w fe;juDG+jpg; ghlYf;fika ehq;fs; topghL nra;jhy; kapyhfpa NjupNy te;J akgak; xopg;ghd;

njhz;ilkhdhW = nry;tr;re;ejp Mya tpfhup tUlj;J kNfhw;rtk; (2019)

“KUfd; Fkud; Ffndd;W nkhope; JUFQ; nray; je;Jzu; ntd;wUs;tha; nghUGq;ftUk; GtpAk; guTk; FUGq;ft vz;FzgQ;ruNd.”

30-08-2019 nts;spf;fpoik khiy 04.00 kzpastpy; nfhbNaw;wj;Jld; Muk;gkhFk;. 5e; jpUtpoh (03-09-2019) Kjy; fhiy cw;rtk; eilngWk;. 10e; jpUtpoh (08-09-2019) Qhapw;Wf;fpoik G+q;fhtdKk;> 11e; jpUtpoh (09-092019) jpq;fl;fpoik ifyhrthfdKk; eilngWk;. 12.09.2019 tpahodd;W rg;gwj;jpUtpohTk;> 13.09.2019 nts;sp fhiy Nju;j;jpUtpohTk;> 14.09.2019 rdp fhiy jPu;j;jj;jpUtpohTk; khiy nksdj;jpUtpohTk; eilngWk;.

vd;W ehq;fs; mtDila ehkj;ij xd;WNru;e;J cr;rupf;fNtz;Lk;. ,uz;L iffs; Nru;e;jhy;j;jhd; Xir cz;lhFk;. jdpNa xU ifiaj; jl;b xUgaDk; fpilf;fg; Nghtjpy;iy. ‘xw;WikNa gyk;’ vd;gij kdj;jpw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

khkd;wj;jpd; Kd;dhs;jiytu;

mkuu; jpU.Nt.ghyRg;gpukzpak; epidTg;NgUiu mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wj;jpd; Kd;dhs; jiytu; mkuu; jpU. Nt.ghyRg;gpukzpak; mtu;fs; mkuj;Jtnka;jpa ,Ugnjl;lhtJ tUl epiwtpd; epidthf elhj;jg;gl;l epidTg; NgUiu> tpfhuptUlk; Mbj; jpq;fs; 18k; ehs; (03-08-2019) rdpf;;fpoik md;W fhiy 10.00 kzpKjy; gk;gyg;gpl;b ru];tjp kz;lgj;jpy; eilngw;wJ. khkd;wj; jiytu; jpU.khzpf;fk; jtNahfuh[h mtu;fspd; jiyikapy; eilngw;w ,e;epfo;tpy; aho;g;ghzg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; fzpjg; NguhrpupaUk;> tpQ;Qhd njhopEl;g gPlj;jpd; Kd;dhs; gPlhjpgjpAkhfpa Nguhrpupau; rp.rpwprw;Fzuh[h mtu;fs; gpujk tpUe;jpduhff; fye;J rpwg;gpj;jJld; “tho;tpd; Mjhuq;fs;” vd;Dk; njhdpg;nghUspy; epidTg; NgUiuapidAk; epfo;j;jpdhu;.

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njy;ypg;gio = Ju;f;fhNjtp Mya Njhw;wk; Myaq;fis topghL nra;Jnfhz;L fhrpj;jpUj;jyk; tiu nrd;whu;. ,t;tifapy; ,e;jpahtpy; Vwf;Fiwa gj;J tUlq;fs; fle;jd. ,f;fhy vy;iyf;Fs; mtu; jkpioAk; rk];fpUjj;ijAk; ed;F fw;Wj; Njwp xU Ju;f;if cghrfuhfTk; khwptpl;lhu;. mjdhy; Vwf;Fiwa 1760Mk; Mz;lstpy; jhk; aho;g;ghzk; jpUk;Gk;NghJ Ju;f;fhNjtp ae;jpunkhd;iwAk;> ntz;fyj;jpdhyike;j ‘jpUKff;nfz;b’ cUtnkhd;iwAk; ifNahL nfhz;L te;jhu;. md;gu; fjpu;fhku; mtu;fs; fhrpapy; gyehs; jq;fpapUe;jhu;. ,e;jpah KOtjpYKs;s rf;jp gPlq;fs; mWgj;J ehd;fpDs;Sk; fhrpapYs;s nrhg;gNd];tup gPlk; Kf;fpakhdJ. Ju;f;fhNjtp rfy fiyfSlDk; nghype;jpUf;Fk; gPlk; mJ. md;gu; fjpu;fhku; Fwpj;j ae;jpuj;ij mq;fpUe;Nj ngw;wpUe;jhu; vd vz;Zjw;F ,lKz;L. fhrpahj;jpiuia Kbj;Jf;nfhz;L fhq;Nfrd;Jiwia te;jile;j ,g;ngupahu; fPupkiyapy; Gz;zpa jPu;j;jkhb mq;fpUe;J ele;J %d;Wiky; J}uk; ,t;tplk; Nehf;fp te;J nfhz;bUe;jhu;. jpUtUs; mtuJ eilapNy jsu;itj; Njhw;Wtpj;jJ. Mapuf;fzf;fhd iky; njhiynty;yhk; eilfz;l ek; ngUe;jifapd; Mw;wypNy mlq;fpf; fplf;Fk; Ju;f;if mq;fpUe;J nfhz;L midtUf;Fk; jpUtUs; ghypf;Fk; jpUf;fUiz nfhz;lhs;. eil jsu> cly; jsu> mz;bapUe;j ,Yg;igj; Njhg;gpNy ,isg;ghwpdhu;. nfhz;L te;j Ju;f;fh rf;fuj;ij mq;Nf jhgpf;FkhW Miz gpwe;jJ. mt;thiziar; rpuNky; jhq;fp kuj;jbapNy rf;fuj;ij mikj;J topglj; njhlq;fpdhu;. fjpu;fhku; jhk; nfhz;L te;j ae;jpuj;ijAk; jpUKff; nfz;biaAk; ];jhgdk; nra;J topgl;l ,lNk ,d;W Ju;f;fhNjtp Njt];jhdkhf thdshTk; NfhGuq;fSk;> myq;fhu tisT nfhz;l EiothapYk;> mofpa njg;gf;FsKk; vopY}l;b epw;ff; fhl;rp jUfpd;wJ. fjpu;fhkupd; Md;khu;e;j G+ir epiyakhapUe;j ,e;j Myak; guhu;j;j G+irf;Fupa epiyakha; ,d;W tpUj;jp mile;jtw;iw Nkw;$wpa nra;jp czu;j;JfpwJ. khtpl;lGuk; fe;jRthkp NfhapNyhL ,t;thyaj;jpw;F Muk;g fhyk; KjNy neUq;fpa njhlu;G ,Ue;Js;sij gioa Vl;Lg;gpujpfs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd. 1829Mk; Mz;L Gul;lhjp tp[ajrkp jpdj;jd;W khit KUfd; ,t;thyaj;jpw;F vOe;jUsp

aho;g;ghzj;jpd; tlghy; njy;ypg;gio Ju;f;fhGug; gFjpapy; fhq;Nfrd;Jiwg; ngUe;njU topNa vl;lhtJ iky; fy; njhiytpy; mike;jpUf;Fk; mUs;kpF Ju;f;fhNjtp Njt];jhdk; ,UE}w;W Ik;gJ Mz;LfSf;F Nkyhd tuyhw;Wg; ngUik nfhz;lJ. ,e;j Myaj;jpd; G+u;tPf tuyhw;iw ehKk; njspe;J ek; tUq;fhy re;jjpapdUf;Fk; nrhy;ypj;jUtJ ekJ xt;nthUtupdJk; jiyaha flikahFk;. njhd;W njhl;L tsUk;> gz;ghL rhu;e;j kf;fs; ,yq;Fk; aho;g;ghzj;Jj; njy;ypg;gio nfhz;Ls;s gpupTfspNy coTj; njhopiyf; iff;nfhz;L tUk;> cau; GfOf;F tpj;jhf nfhilg;gz;G nrwpe;jpyq;Fk; cOFilg;gFjp tTzhtj;ijapNy irt kugpNy te;jtu; irtg; ngupahu; fjpu;fhku;. Vwf;Fiwa 1750Mk; Mz;lstpy; fjpu;fhku; ,e;jpahTf;Fj; jyahj;jpiuf;fhfg; Gwg;gl;L fhq;Nfrd;Jiwapy; NjhzpNawpj; njd; ,jpahtpd; fPiof;fiuapy; cs;s Ntjhuzpaj;jpNy fiuapwq;fpdhh;. mtu; mq;fpUe;J ghjahj;jpiuahfr; nrd;W gy

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tpfhhp tUlk; Mtzp - Gul;lhjp 2019


te;J td;dp thio ntl;Lk; epfo;r;rp Muk;gkhfpaJ. ,t;thyaj;jpy; njhd;W njhl;Lj; njhlu;e;J tUk; kw;nwhU rpwg;gk;rk; GuhzgldkhFk;. tUlk;NjhWk; ngupaGuhzk;> fe;jGuhzk;> jpUtpisahlw; Guhzk; Mfpad fpukkhfg; gbf;fg; ngw;W te;Js;sd. gd;dpU jpUKiw Kw;Nwhjy; epfo;Tk; ,lk;ngw;WtUfpd;wd. Guhzgldk; epfo;j;Jgtu;fisAk; XJthu;fisAk; nfsutpf;Fk; epfo;Tk;; ,q;F rpwg;ghf eilngw;wJ. 1948,y; jdp Kfhikahsu; jpU.f.ehfehju; mtu;fspdhy; gjpndhU Ngiuf;nfhz;l ju;kfu;j;jh rigapduplk; Mya gupghydk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;lJ. 1965,y; cg rigahf gjpndl;L cWg;gpdu;fisf; nfhz;;l epu;thf rig njupT nra;ag;gl;L mtu;fNs gupghydg; nghWg;ig Vw;W elj;jpdu;. epu;thf rigapdupd; guhkupg;gpy; md;W Kjy; ,d;Wtiu Myak; rpwg;ghd tifapy; tsu;r;rpngw;W tUfpwJ. epu;thf rigapd; Vw;ghl;by; KjyhtJ Fk;ghgpN\fk; 1965Mk; Mz;L Mtzp Xzj;jpYk;> ,uz;lhtJ Fk;ghgpNfk; 1981 rpj;jpiu cj;juj;jpYk;> %d;whtJ Fk;ghgpN\fk; 1997 Mtzpr; RthjpapYk;> ehd;fhtJ Fk;ghgpN\fk; 2011 ijj;jpq;fs; 10Mk; ehspYk; (24.01.2011) rpwg;ghf eilngw;wJ. KjyhtJ epu;thf rigapd; jiytuhf mkuu; jpahfuhrh mtu;fs; (fy;tp mjpfhup) rpwg;ghf topelj;jpdhu;. mtupd; gpd; mkuu; jpU.J.n[aul;zk; (njy;ypg;gio kfh[df; fy;Y}up mjpgu;) topelj;jpdhu;. mtupd; kiwtpd; gpd; 1977 Kjy; rptj;jkpo;r;nry;tp fyhepjp jq;fk;kh mg;ghf;Fl;b mtu;fs; jiytuhfg; gzpGupe;J Myag; gzpfSld; gd;Kfg;gl;l rKjha r%fg;gzpfisAk; Mw;wp te;jhu;. ,U xU

tuyhw;Wg; gjpthf ,Ug;gJld;> irtj; jkpo; cyfj;jpdhy; vd;nwd;Wk; kjpj;Jg; Nghw;wg;gLk; ngUikiaAk; mk;ikahu; ngw;wpUg;gJ rpwg;ghff; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. 2008 Mk; Mz;L [_d; khjk; 15Mk; jpfjpad;W mk;ikahupd; kiwTf;Fg; gpd;du; nrQ;nrhw;nry;tu; MW. jpUKUfd; mtu;fs; Mya epu;thf rigj; jiytuhfg; nghWg;Ngw;W> mk;ikahupd; mbr;Rtl;ilg; gpd;gw;wp rpwg;ghfr; Nritahw;wp tUfpwhu;. ,tuJ Nritf;fhyj;jpd; NghJ 2011Mk; Mz;L ,q;F kPz;Lk; GdUj;jhuz Ntiyfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L kfhFk;ghgpN\fk; ,lk;ngw;wJ. Myaj;jpd; Kd;gf;fk; Gjpa kz;lgk; mikf;fg;gl;lJld; yz;ldpypUe;J 1200 fpNyh vilAila fz;lhkzp nfhz;Ltug;gl;L Gjpa kzpf;NfhGuj;jpy; nghUj;jg;gl;likAk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. mj;Jld; Myaj;jpd; cl;gpufhuq;fs; gytpj rpw;g Ntiyg;ghLfSld; GJg;gpf;fg;gl;ld. njd;jpir thry; kw;Wk; FNguthry; NfhGuq;fs; Myaj;jpd; njd;jpir thapypy; Gjpa NfhGuk; xd;W mikf;fg;gl;L> 2017 ij khjk; Fk;ghgpN\fk; nra;ag;gl;lJ. tlf;F thapypy; mikf;fg;gl;l FNgu thry; NfhGuj;jpw;fhd Fk;ghgpN~fk; ,t;tUlk; (2018) ij khjk; ,lk;ngw;wJ. Nkw;F thry; NfhGuj;jpw;fhd mbf;fy; ehl;Lk; itgtk; 2018 gq;Fdp cj;ju jpdj;jd;W ,lk;ngw;wJ. mk;ghspd; mUshYk; gf;j mbatu;fspd; NgUjtpapdhYk; Nkw;F thry; NfhGuKk; 2019 ijj;jpq;fs; 16k; ehs; rpwg;ghf ,lk;ngw;wJ.

= Ju;f;fhNjtp Njt];jhdk; - tpfhup tUl kNfhw;rtg; ngUtpoh nfhbNaw;wk; jpUKiwj;jpUtpoh jpUkQ;rj; jpUtpoh Ntl;ilj;jpUtpoh ifyhrthfdk; tPjptyk; rg;gwj; jpUtpoh Nju;j;jpUtpoh jPu;j;jj;jpUtpoh (Mtzp Xzk;) nfhbapwf;fk; gpuhar;rpj;j mgpNlfk; itutu; nghq;fy;

: Mtzp 14k; ehs; : Mtzp 16k; ehs; : Mtzp 19k; ehs; : Mtzp 22k; ehs; : Mtzp 22k; ehs; : Mtzp 23k; ehs; : Mtzp 24k; ehs; : Mtzp 25k; ehs; : Mtzp 25k; ehs; : Mtzp 26k; ehs; : Mtzp 26k; ehs;

(31-08-2019) rdpf;fpoik (02-09-2019) jpq;fl;fpoik (05-09-2019) tpahof;fpoik (08-09-2019) Qhapw;Wf;fpoik (08-09-2019) Qhapw;Wf;fpoik (09-09-2019) jpq;fl;fpoik (10-09-2019) nrt;tha;f;fpoik (11-09-2019) Gjd;fpoik (11-09-2019) Gjd;fpoik (12-09-2019) tpahof;fpoik (12-09-2019) tpahof;fpoik

Kw;gfy; 10.00 kzp khiy 06.00 kzp khiy 06.00 kzp gpw;gfy; 02.00 kzp khiy 06.00 kzp khiy 04.00 kzp fhiy 09.00 kzp fhiy 08.30 kzp khiy 06.00 kzp fhiy 06.00 kzp khiy 03.00 kzp

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tpfhhp tUlk; Mtzp - Gul;lhjp 2019


Kfcj;ju ,ujj;jpy; tpidaWf;f vOe;jUSk;; khitf; fe;jRthkpahu; NguUs; nghopf! (mfpy ,yq;if ,e;J khkd;wj;jpd; gpuhu;j;jidr; nra;jp) je;ijapd; JizAld;> Mya mikg;gpw;Fj; Njitahd tpf;fpufq;fisAk;> njhopyhsu;fisAk;> me;jzu;fisAk; mDg;gpr; rpthfk Kiwg;gb Myak; mikf;fg;ngw;wJ. ,t;thyaj;jpd; KjyhtJ Fk;ghgpN\ fk; ngh.M.gp. 789k; Mz;bNy eilngw;wJ. mjidj; njhlu;e;J> <oj;J ,e;J kf;fspd; cd;dj milahsq;fspy; xd;whfj; jpfOk; Myaq;fspy; xd;whf> 16k; E}w;whz;L Kjy; 19k; E}w;whz;L tiuapyhd me;epag; gilnaLg;Gfspdhy; vz;znthz;zhj mopTfisr; re;jpj;j NghjpYQ;rup> 20k; E}w;whz;bd; ,Wjpg;gFjpapy; cs;ehl;L Aj;jj;jpdhy; NguopTfisr; re;jpj;NghjpYQ;rup> ,iwaUshy; kPz;nlOe;J ,d;Wtiu gy;NtWgl;l tsu;r;rpfisf; fz;lNghjpYk;> md;W jpirAf;fpuNrhodpdhy; mikf;fg;gl;l %yhyakhdJ> ,d;Wtiu ,k;kpasTk; khw;wkpd;wp mNj rf;jpAld; jpfo;e;Jnfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. me;jj; jdpj;Jtkpf;f goiktha;e;j %yhyak; vd;nwd;Wk; mNj goikAld;-rf;jpAld; Ngzg;glNtz;Lk; vd;gJ vkJ md;ghd Nfhupf;ifahFk;. ,t; mUl;ngUe; jpUg;gzpapy; jd;dyk; fUjhJ jk;ik ,izj;Jf;nfhz;l xt;nthUtUf;Fk; khitf; fe;jRthkpahupd; NguUs; fpilf;fg; gpuhuj;jpf;fpd;Nwhk;. ,iwaUs; Jizf;nfhz;L ,g; gok;ngUQ; rf;jpkpF Myak; NkYk; vd;Wk; epiyj;J epd;W ,k; kz;iz - kf;fisf; fhj;jUsNtz;Lk; vd> khitak;gjpAiw fe;jRthkpf; flTspd; nghw;ghjk; gzpe;J gpuhu;j;jpf;fpd;Nwhk;.

<oj;jpd;> njhd;ikahd> khitak;gjpAiw fe;jRthkpau; tpUg;GlDiwAk; khtpl;lGuk; fe;jRthkp Nfhapypd; tsu;r;rpg;gijapy;> 2019k; Mz;L Xu; Kf;fpakhd Mz;lhf mikfpd;wJ. gQ;r ,ujq;fs; gtdptUk; <oj;J Myaq;fspy;> Kjd;ikahdjhfTk;> khitf; fe;jRthkpahupd; NguUshYk;> Gfo;G+j;j rpw;ghrhupahu;fspd; iftz;zj;jpy; rpwg;Gr; rpw;gq;fSld;> <oj;jpd; caukhd rpw;gj; Njuhf “Kfcj;ju ,ujk;” mikf;fg;gl;L> 28-072019e; jpfjp nts;Nshl;lk; fz;lJ. khtpl;lGuk; fe;jRthkp Nfhapypy; Aj;jfhyj;jpw;F Kd;djhfNt gQ;r ,ujq;fs; gtdp te;jd vd;gJ kwf;fKbahj epidTfshFk;. 1990k; Mz;lstpy; typfhkk; gpuNjrk; ,yq;if ,uhZtj;jpdupd; fl;Lg;ghl;bDs; te;jijaLj;J> Myaj;jpw;Fj; jdpg;ngUikahd rpd;dq;fshf tpsq;fpa gQ;r ,ujq;fs;> rg;gwk;> jpUkQ;rk;> ifyhathfdk; vd;gd Kw;whf moptile;jJld; MyaKk; ngUQ;Nrjkile;jJ. fe;jGuhzk;> ,uhkhazk; Kjyha Guhz ,jpfhrq;fspNy Gfo;e;Jiuf;fg;gLtJ <ok;. mt; <oj;jpd; tlghy; rpunrdr; irtKe; jkpOQ; nrOikAld; tpsq;f> muNrhr;rpa Gz;zpa G+kpNa aho;g;ghzk;. aho;g;ghzj;jpd; tlghy;> fly; kUq;fpy;> “fz;lfp” vd Kw;fhyj;Nj miof;fg;ngw;w fPupkiyg; Gdpjj; jPu;j;jj;J kUq;fpw; Nfhapy; nfhz;nlOe;jUs;ghypf;fpd;w> jpUj;jk;gNyRtup rNkj jpUj;jk;gNy];tug; ngUkhid> Fd;kNehAq; FjpiuKfKq; nfhz;ltshfpa> jpirAf;fpuNrhodpd; kfs; khUjg;GutPfty;yp vd;Dk; murpsq;Fkhup> Nrhoehl;bdpd;Wk; ,q;F te;J jq;fpj; jPu;j;jkhbr; rpthya juprdQ; nra;J> mjd; gadhf NehAe;ePq;fp Kfk; khwg;ngw;whs; vd;gJ tuyhW. mts; jq;fpapUe;j ,lk;> “Fkhuj;jp gs;sk;” vd;wiof;fg;gl;lJk;> ,d;W “khtpl;lGuk;” vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJkhfpa ,lj;jpy;> KUfg;ngUkhDf;Ff; Nfhapy; vLf;fntdj;

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tpfhhp tUlk; Mtzp - Gul;lhjp 2019


ey;iyf; fe;jidf; fhjypj;jhy; rfyKk; trkhFk;! KUifah gpuztd;

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cyfpd; ve;j %iyapypUe;jhYk; fe;jdJ ngUe;jpUtpohf; fhyj;jpy; fhe;jg; Gyj;ij ehb tUk; ,Uk;G Nghy; ey;Y}upy;> mtd; gf;ju;fs; xd;W Nru;tJ fe;jdJ mG+u;tkhd rf;jpia> ,d;Wtiu Rl;bepw;fpwJ. mQ;rj;njupahj mQ;R taR KjNy ey;iyf; fe;jid ehb Xba gRikahd epidTfs; neQ;ir tUbr; nry;Yk;. mjpfhiy 4.30 kzpf;F vOe;J> Fspj;J> Ntl;b mzpe;J> eLq;Fk; Fspupy; vdJ khkdhUld;> Jtpr;rf;fu tz;bia mtu; nrYj;Jk; NghNj jdJ fzPnud;w Fuypy; ghLk; fe;jd; Gfiof;; Nfl;lthNw fe;jidf; fhzr; nry;tJz;L> mq;F mtu; mq;fg;gpujl;rzk; nra;J Kbj;J te;jJk; jw;NghJ jPu;j;jf; Nfzp mUNf mike;jpUe;j gioa fl;blj;ijAk; mjDs; mikf;fg;gl;bUe;j gioa ,ae;jpuq;fisAk; gpukpg;ghfg; ghu;j;jthNw cl;gpufhuj;ijr; Rw;wp tUNthk;. gpd;dhl;fspy; fhyr;rf;fuk; Ntfkhfr; Rod;Nwhb tho;tpy; gy khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;jpdhYk;> gzpahw;wpa rfy ,lq;fSNk fe;jdpd; tpohf;fhyj;jpy; mtdb Nrtpf;fj; jilNaJk; nrhy;yhjpUe;jJ mtdpd; mUs;-miog;G vd;Nw fUjNtz;bAs;sJ. nghwpapayhsu;fshfl;Lk;> itj;jpau;fshfl;Lk;> rhjhuz gf;ju;fshfl;Lk;> cyfpd; gy ghfq;fspypUe;Jk; me;j xU khj fhyk; tpLKiwapy; te;J fe;jDf;Fr; Nrit nra;tijf; fhZk;NghJ vg;NghJNk xUtpj rpypu;g;G Vw;gLk;. fe;jDld; xd;wptpl;l njhz;lu;fshd ,isQu;fshfl;Lk; Kjpatu;fshfl;Lk; rpWtu;fshfl;Lk;> mtu;fSs; vg;NghJk; xUtpj xOq;Fk;> kupahijAk; mijtpl gf;jpAk; Nkypl;L tputp epw;Fk;. md;iwa fhyj;jpy; kf;fs; czu;TG+u;tkhf cwTfs; xd;W$b fhy;eilahfNth $lhu khl;L tz;by;fypNyh gy iky; njhiytpypUe;Jk; fe;jdplk; te;J topgLtij Neupw; fz;bUf;fpNwd;. vd; epidT njupe;j ehs;Kjy;> ve;jf; fhyj;jpYk; ey;Y}u;f; fe;jdpd; Myag; ngUe;jpUtpohit jtwtpLtjpy;iy - fe;jDk; jtwtplhJ fhe;jk; Nghy; <u;j;Jf; nfhs;thd;. xU tUlj;Jg; ngUe;jpUtpoh Kbtile;j Jtz;L thb epw;gtu;fSf;F mLj;j tUlj;Jg; ngUe;jpUtpoh Muk;gpf;Fk; khjk; te;Jtpl;lhNy kdq;fspy; xUtpj jdp cw;rhfKk; tpWtpWg;Gk; gw;wpf; nfhs;Sk;. Mz;LNjhWk; ey;iyf; fe;jid ntt;NtW tpjq;fspy; myq;fupj;J jhKk; gpwtpg;gad; ngw;W ek;ikAk; mofdpd; mofpy; fpwq;fpg;Nghf itf;Fk; Myaj;jpd; epu;thf mjpfhupfspd; vspikAk; mikjpAk; tpohf; fhyq;fspy; fhu;j;jpif cw;rtj;jpd;NghJ Myaj;jpd; cs;tPjpfspy; ,lk;ngWk; ,irNts;tpfs; Kw;wpYk; NtW Xu; cyfpw;F ek;ik ,l;Lr; nry;tij me;epfo;Tfisg; ghu;j;jtu;fSf;Nf GupAk;. Myaj;jpd; cs; tPjpfspy; gputhfnkLf;Fk; midj;Jtpj ,irfspdJk; Cw;W mUnsDk; nts;sg;ngUf;fhfp Nfl;gtiu eidtpf;Fk;. NkYk; mUzfpupehju; cw;rtj;jpd;NghJ =Pkhd; rad; Fkhujh]; mtu;fsJk;> rpt= gpurd;dh FUf;fs; mtu;fsJk; fzPnud;w Fuypy; xypf;Fk;; jpUg;Gfiof;

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tpfhhp tUlk; Mtzp - Gul;lhjp 2019


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tpfhhp tUlk; Mtzp - Gul;lhjp 2019


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tpfhhp tUlk; Mtzp - Gul;lhjp 2019


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