விஜய வருடம் - பங்குனி ஆயிலிய நட்சத்திரம் சிவயோக சுவாமிகள் ஐம்பதாவது குருபூசை சிறப்பிதழ் தீபம

jt¤âU átnahf® RthÄfË‹

50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

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1

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf® RthÄfË‹

rptNahf Rthkpfs; 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

ïªJ xË

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átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

c átka«

Ôg« - 18

jt¤âU átnahf® RthÄfË‹

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Rl® - 04

É#a tUl« g§FŤ â§fŸ 27M« ehŸ (10.04.2014) 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ

Nahfh; Rthkpfspd; ew;rpe;jid ey;Y}uhd; jpUtb

gŠr òuhz§fŸ âU¢á‰w«gy«

njthu«

ey;Y}uhd; jpUtbia ehd; epidj;j khj;jpuj;jpy; vy;yhk; kwg;Ngdb - fpspNa! ,uT gfy; fhNzdb

NjhLila nrtpad; tpilNawpNahh; Jhtd; kjpR+b fhLila Rliy nghbg+rpnad; cs;sq;fth; fs;td; VLila kyuhd;Kid ehs;gzpe; Njj;j mUs;nra;j gPLila gpukhGu Nktpa ngk;khd; ,tdd;Nw!

Md;kh mopahnjd;W md;nwdf;Fr; nrhd;dnkhop ehd; kwe;J NghNtdb – fpspNa! ey;Yhuhd; jQ;rkb

âUthrf« khwpepd; nwd;id kaf;fpLk; tQ;rg;

Gyide; jpd;top ailj;J mKNj Cwpepd; nwd;Ds; vOguQ; Nrhjp

cs;sth fhzte;J mUsha; Njwypd; njspNt rptngU khNd

jpUg;ngUe; Jiw Aiw rptNd <wpyhg; gjq;fs; ahitAq; fle;j

,d;gNk! vd;Dila md;Ng!

Njth; rpiw kPl;l nry;td; jpUtbfs; fhty; vdf;fhnkb – fpspNa! ftiynay;yhk; NghFkb vj;njhopiyr; nra;jhnyd; Vjtj;ijg; gl;lhnyd; fh;j;jd; jpUtbfs; -fpspNa fhty; mwpe;jpnlb

âUÉir¥gh kz;lyj;J xspia tpyf;fp ahd; Efh;e;j

kUe;ij vd; khwpy;yh kzpiag; gz;lyh; mad; khh;f;F mhpJkha; mbahh;f;F

vspa Njhh; gtskhy; tiuia tpz;lyh; kyh;tha; Nthpthh; nghopy; R+o;

jpUtPop kpoiy Ch; MSk; nfhz;lyq; fz;lj;J vk;FU kzpiaf;

FWf ty; tpid FWfhNt!

gQ;rk; gil te;jhYk; ghnuy;yhk; nte;jhYk; mQ;RtNkh ehq;fnsb – fpspNa! MWKfd; jQ;rnkb Rthkp Nahfehjd; nrhd;djpUg; ghl;ile;Jk; g+kpapw; nrhd;dhnyb – fpspNa! nghy;yhq;F jPUnkb

âU¥gšyh©L ghYf;Fg; ghyfd; Ntz;b mOjplg;

ghw;fly; <e;j gpuhd; khYf;Fr; rf;fuk; md;W mUs;

nra;jtd; kd;dpa jpy;iy jd;Ds; Mypf;Fk; me;jzh; tho; fpd;w

rpw;wk; gyNk ,lkhfg; ghypj;J el;lk; gapy ty;yhDf;Nf

gy;yhz;L $WJNk!

vy;yhQ; rptNk mg;gDk; mk;ikAQ; rptNk mhpa rNfhjuUQ; rptNk xg;gpy; kidtpAQ; rptNk XjUk; ike;jUk; rptNk nrg;gpy; murUQ; rptNk Njthjp NjtUQ; rptNk ,g;Gtpnay;yhk; rptNk vd;id ahz;lJQ; rptNk!

âU¥òuhz«

Qhdj;jpd; jpUTUit ehd; kiwapd; jdpj;Jizia thdj;jpd; kpirad;wp kz;zpy; tsh;kjpf; nfhOe;ij Njdf;f kyh;f; nfhd;iw nrQ;rilahh; rPh;njhLf;Fk; fhdj;jpd; vOgpwg;ig fz;fspg;igf; fz;lhd;!

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfŸ 50tJ FUóir M©L 10.04.2014 - 30.03.2015

âU¢á‰w«gy« ïªJ xË

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átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf® RthÄfË‹

thœ¤J

ïªj¢ RlÇš... gŠr òuhz§fŸ ñ tbtkpy;yhj ,iwtd; ,d;Wk; tho;fpwhh; ñ aho;g;ghzj;J khKdpth; rptNahf Rthkpfs; ñ Nahfh; Rthkp fspd; cyf ahj;jpiu 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ ñ Nahfh; Rthkpfspd; mUs;ngw;w Qhdpfs;; ñ <oj;Jr; rpj;jh;; Nahfh; Rthkpfs; ñ rpj;j Nahf Rthkpfs; ñ jpUepd;wpaf;fpa rptnjhz;lh; ñ aho;g;ghzj;J Nahfh; Rthkpfs; ñ cdf;Fs; eP ngyj;Jf; nfhs; ñ md;Ng tho;T ñ xg;Gah;tw;w Qhdp rptNahf Rthkpfs; ñ jtKdp rptNahf RthkpfSldhd rpy ,iw..... ñ rptNahf Rthkpfs; fhl;Lk; tho;tpay; tpOkpaq;fs;; ñ rptNahfu; Rthkpfisg; gw;wp<oj;jpy; vOe;j ..... ñ rptNahf Rthkpfspd; ew;rpe;jidAk; ehd;F kfh.. ñ ew;rpe;jidapy; ey;Y}h; KUfd; ghly;fs; ñ ew;rpe;jid vDk; mUkUe;J ñ vy;yhk; mwpthh; vq;fs; Nahfh;Rthkp ñ fUiz cs;sk; gilj;j Md;kPf Qhdp ñ rptNahfk; mUspa tho;f;if newp ñ Nahfu; Rthkpfs; ñ Nahfu; RthkpAk; vq;fs; FLk;gKk; ñ “Nghlh Ngha; fe;jGuhzk; gb” ñ kf;fSf;F topfhl;ba khKdptu; Nahfu; Rthkpfs; ñ ,lu; fise;jpl;l FU ñ FUtbtpy; ehd; fz;l ,iwtd; ñ rpj;ju;fs; ,ay;GfSk; rptNahf RthkpfSk; ñ ey;Y}h; jpUj;jyg; g[idg; ghjahj;jpiu ñ kfpikkpf;f FUtpd; mUs; ñ FUtop epd;W mUs;nkhop gfh;e;j rptNahf Rthkpfs; ñ ey;top fhl;ba rptNahfh; Rthkpfs; ñ nry;yg;gu; tsu;j;j nry;yg;gps;is. ñ ,U ftpijfs; ñ Nahfu; Rthkpfspd; kPs; tUif ñ fUizj; jpUTUtpd; filrp ahj;jpiu ñ

1 3 4

ïªJ xË

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m»y ïy§if ïªJ khk‹w btËpL

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MáÇa® FG : âU. fªijah Úyf©l‹ irtPhdghD fyhÃâ MW. âUKUf‹ fyhÃâ K¤ijah fâ®fhkehj‹ át$ k. ghyifyhrehj r®kh âU. j. kndhfu‹ âU. m. fdfNÇa®

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ïiza¤js« Ä‹dŠrš bjhiyngá

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hindu oli

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Issue of all ceylon hindu congress Yogarswamigal 50th Gurupoosai anniversary Special Issue

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Siva Yoga Swami

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Maha Munivar Of Jaffna His Holiness Siva Yoga Swamigal

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Siva Yogaswami's 1910 Pada Yatra to Katirkamam

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A Personal Account of Yogaswami by the former ....

88

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My memories of Yogaswami

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Tribute To - Sage Yogaswamigal Of Jaffna Sri Lanka

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Yogaswamigal – a dedicated sither of God Siva

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Yoga Swamigal - a great visionary

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Md;kPfr;Rlupd; mUs;kly;

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ntk;ikNrh; eufpdpy; tPo;e;jOe; jhky; mk;ikaha; mg;gdha; MUaph;f; FUTkha; vk;ikahs; vopyhh; rptnjhz;l ePAk; ehSk; epytp ed;F thopaNt! - Nahfh; Rthkpfs;

10.04.2014

Editorial Board :

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átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf® RthÄfË‹

Ôg« - 18

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Rl® - 04

tbtkpy;yhj ,iwtd; ,d;Wk; tho;fpwhh;

50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

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nte; j hnyd; d > mQ; R tNkh ehq; f sb fpspNa MWKfk; jQ;rkb” vd;W gpd;dhy; elf;fg;Nghtij Kd;dhy; ew;rpej; idapy; Fwpgg; pll; hh;. <oj;jkpoh;fs; gQ;rj;jpdhy; jtpg;ghh;fs;> gilfshy; jtpg;ghh;fs;> flTs; jhd; ,th;fSf;F jQ;rk; vd;W Rthkpfs; mUkUe;jhff; $wpdhh;fs;.

Rthkpfs; Fwpgg; pll; mj;jidiaAk; ,d;W ehk; mDgtpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpNwhk;.Nahfh; Rthkpfs; epiwe;j nry;te;jh;fisAk; fy;tpkhd;fisAk; xd;Wk; ,y;yhj ViofisAk; jd; Md;kPf tiyapy; xd;whf Mw;Wg; gLj;jpdhh;. nry;te;jd; nry;tj;jpdhy; nrUf;Fld; jPik nra;ahky; fhg;gjw;F topfhl;bdhh;.fy;tp mwpTilatd; jd; Mw;wiy jPikf;Fg; gad;gLj;jhky; ,Ug; g jw; F jpir fhl; b dhh; . tWikapy; thbatd; gpioahd topapy; jg;gpg; gpiof;f Kay;thd; vd;gjw;fhf mtidAk; newpg;gLj;jpdhh;. Nahfh; Rthkpfspd; newp jdpj;JtkhdJ. ePz;l cgNjrk; fpilahJ. vth;f;Fk; Kd;Dhpik ,y;iy. jd;idg; Gfo;e;jtiuAk; jbahy; Juj;jpdhh;.jh;kj;ij cgNjrpj;jhh;. “vdf;F Nfhapy; fl;llh” vd;W vtUf;Fk; nrhy;ytpy;iy. “vdf;F g+ir nra;alh” vd;Wk; Nfl;ftpy;iy. “rptidg; ghL> rPtpak; KOtJk; ghL rptnjhz;ldha; ,U> Ntnwhd;Wk; Ntz;lhk;. gfL Ntz;lhk; gf;Ftkha; el" vd;Wiuj;j kfhDf;F epfuhf ,e;j kz;zpy; kl;Lky;y ve;j kz;zpYk; vtiuAk; cjhuzk; $wKbatpy; i y.kdpjh; f spd; kyq; f is thspapNy epug;gp Jz;b flw;fiuapy; jpdKk; fOTk; Njhl;bNtiy nra;gtid fhl;b “,td; flTs;.,tidf; Fk;gpLq;fs;. gpwh; mrpq;fj;ijf; fOTfpwhd;. Gj;jfg; gbg;Gf;F Nkyhy; ,td; nra;Ak; jh;kk; Nkd;ikahdJ. “kyk; fOTthh; te;J rhh;jypdhy;” vd jpUthrfj;jpy; khzpf;fthrfh; Kk;kyq;fisAk; fOTjy; gw;wp nrhy;Yfpwhh;. vdNt mfj;ijAk; Gwj;ijAk; fOtlh” vd gyiu vr;rhpf;if nra;jhh;. ,e;jg; gpwtpia re;jpf;fhj re;jjp ghtg;gl;lJ. ,tiu re;jpj;jth;fs; Gz;zpak; nra;jth;fs;. ,tiu re;jpf;fhJ tpl;lhYk; ,tiu re;jpj;jth;fis re;jpj;jhNy NgW cz;L. mj;jifath;fspd; re;jjpj; njhlh;G ,d;W cyfk; KOtJk; tpahgpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. Nahfh; Rthkpfs; jd; cliy ePff; pa Ik;gjhtJ Mz;il ehk; re;jpff; pNwhk;.mk;kfhdpd; nra;jpfis E}y;fs; thapyhf> nrtptopahf mwpAk; NghJ Mde;jkhf cs;sJ.,tiu ,iwtd; kP z ; L k; vk; k plk; mDg; g Ntz; L k; . vq; f s; mwpahik ,Uis ePf;f Ntz;Lk;. mfe;ijAk; mh;j;jkw;w MuthuKk; vk;ik R+o;e;J epw;fpwJ. Nahfh; Rthkpfs; xUKiw tUthNuahdhy; vk; i k ehk; Gdpjg; g Lj; j tha;g;G cz;lhFk;. mwpahikapy; jj;jspf;Fk; mg;ghtpfs; fiuNrUth;. mUshsh; Nahfh; Rthkpfis kPs epide;J tzq;FNthk;!

Utq;fisf; fle;j ,iwtd; kdpjh;fisg; Gdpjg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf jpUTUtj;jpUNkdp vLj;jhh; vd;gJ jj;Jtk;. <oj;jpUehl;by; Mq;fpNyah; Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; ,iwtd; kdpj tbtpy; elkhb kdpjh;fisg; Gdpjg; g Lj; j pdhd; . gy; y hapuk; kf; f shy; ,iwepiyapy; itj;Jg; Nghw;wg;gLfpd;w Nahfh; RthkpfNs me; j mw; G j nja; t k; . jtj;jpU Nahfh; Rthkpfs; vk; kz;zpy; Njhd;wp gyiu Mw;Wg;gLj;jpdhh;. ek;ktiu kl;Lkd;wp nts;isf; fhug; gpuGtpd; kfd;> mnkhpff; eld tpjj; fh;> N[h;kd; ehl;lth; vdg; gyh; mthpd; mff; fz; ghh;itf;F mfg; g l; L mth; f Sk; Qhd epiy mile; j dh; . Nahfh; Rthkpfspd; tho;itg; gbf;Fk; Nghnjy;yhk; ,j;jifa xU nja;tPf Mj;kh ,d;W ,y;iyNa vd;w Vf;fk; gpwf;fpwJ. aho;gg; hzj;J kf;fs; elkhLk; nja;tk; vd;Wk;> fz;fz;l nja;tk; vd;Wk;> vd;id vdf;fwptpj;j nja;tk; vd;Wk;> ctik ,y;yhj; nja;tk; vd;Wk;> Nahfh; Rthkpfspd; ngUikia ciuj;j tz;zkhf cs;sdh;.

Nahfh; Rthkpfs; fhtp cLf;ftpy;iy> fkz;lyk; Rkf;ftpyi ; y> cUj;jpuhl;rk; mzpatpyi ; y> rpkk ; hrdj;jpy; tPw;wpUf;ftpy;iy> gy;yf;fpy; gtdptutpy;iy. Mdhy; gy ,yl; r k; kf; f s; Nerpf; F k; kfhQhdpahf ,d; W k; tpsq; F fpwhh; . ,J vd; d mjprak; ? RliyapYk; > gw; i wf; fhl; b Yk; Jz; b flw; f iuapYk; > ghoile; j tPLfspYk;> gykzpNeuk; jpahdpj;j tz;zk; ,Ug;ghh;. jpBnud jd;id Nrhjpj;j gf;jd; tPl;L thry; nrd;W fjit jl;Lthh;. Kd;dhy; tUk; kdpjdpd; Kw;gpwg;Gk; ,g;gpwg;Gk; ,dpNky; vd;dntd;Wk; nrhy;Yk; Mw;wy; mtUf;F epiwaNt ,Ue;jJ. Nrhjplk; nrhy;tjpy;iy> Mlk; g uk; <h; g ; g J ,y; i y. if Xq; F tJk; > jbahy; tpul;LtJk;> thh;j;ijahy; fh;r;rpg;gJk;> mtuJ ehshe;j ,ay;ghf tpsq;fpaNghJk; mtw;Wf;Fs;Ns mUl;gputhfk; Cw;nwLg;gij czh;e;jth;fs; gpd; njhlh;e;jdh;. nry; y g; g h Rthkpfsplk; ghpr jP l ; i ria KJfpy; mbthq;fpg; ngw;wth; Nahfh; Rthkpfs;. mjdhy; Nahfh; Rthkpfs; mbj;jhy;> Vrpdhy;> Juj;jpdhy; mJTk; xU mUl;flhl;rk; vd gf;jh;fs; fUjpdh;. “ey;yha; ,Ug;ghalh> ehd; vd;w mfe;ijia tpllh> cd;dhy; xd;Wk; ,y;iy> gilj;jtd; ghh;g;ghdlh> eP Vd; gk;gukha;r; Roy;fpwha;?” vd;W mbf;fb jd;idj; jhdwpa czh;j;jpa kfhdpd; kfpik nrhy;y KbahJ.<oj;J jkpoj; ; jiyth;fs; xw;Wik ,y;yhjth;fs; vd;gij xUjlit Nahfh; Rthkpfs; nrhy;yp VrpAs;shh;. “Ntl;bia fpopj;J fl;lj; njhlq;fptpl;lhh;fs;. ,dp fl; l f; f l; l fpopAk; . ” ,r; n rhy; kpf MokhdJ. jkpouR jkpo;f; fhq;fpu]; vd gphpaj; njhlq;fpaNghJ ,d;Dk; gythwhfg; gphpthh;fs; vd;W vk;kth; epiyia vLj;Jiuj;jth;. “gQ;rk; gil te;jhnyd;d> ghnuy;yhk; ïªJ xË

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átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

aho;g;ghzj;J khKdpth; rptNahf Rthkpfs; 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

FUtpd; Mizg;gb Nahfh; Rthkpfs; fhy;eilahf fjph;fhk ahj;jpiu Nkw;nfhz;lhh;. Xuhz;L fhyk; ,yq;if KOtijAk; ghjahj;jpiuahf mth; Rw;wp te;jhh;. ghj ahj;jpiu Kbj;Jf;nfhz;L FUtplk; jpUk; g p te; j Nahfh; Rthkpfisg; ghh; j ; J r; nry;yg;gh Rthkpfs; 'Nahfh ,uz;L ahidfs; xU Kidapw; fl;l KbahJ. eP nfhOk;Gj;Jiwr; re;jpapy; ,Yg;ig ku Ntiu ghh;"; vd;whh;.

vq;fs; FUehjd;

,

yq; i f xU rptG+kp vd; g J jpU%yh; thf;F. rptDf;Fhpa <];tuq;fs; kype;j ehL. rpj;jh;fs; cyhtpa rpwg;Gila ehL. ifyhr guk;giuapd; rpj;jh;fs; elkhba aho;g;ghzj;jpNy khtpl; l Guk; vd; D k; fpuhkj; j pNy 1872 Mk; Mz; L Nk khjk; 29 Mk; jpfjp rptNahf Rthkpfs; gpwe;jhh;. ,sk; tajpNyNa jhia ,oe;j Nahfehjd; aho;g;ghzj;Jf;F mz;ikapy; cs; s nfhOk; G j; J iw vd; D k; fpuhkj; j py; tho; e ; j mtuJ je; i japd; rNfhjhpahy; tsh;f;fg;gl;lhh;.fy;Yhhpapy; Nahfehjd; gapd;w fhyj;jpNyNa tpNtfpaha;j; jhk; gapd;wtw;iw Vida khzhf; f h; f Sf; F tpsf; F k; Fl; b g; gpurq; f pahfTk; ,Ue; j hh; . jdJ fy; Y hhpg; gbg;ig epiwT nra;J nfhz;L mth; fpspnehr;rp ,uizkL ePh;g;ghrd jpl;lj;jpy; gz;lfrhiyg; nghWg; g hsuhfg; flikahw; w pdhh; . mg; N ghJ jd; Xa;T Neuk; KOtijAk; rkag;gapw;rpapy; nrytpl; l hh; . jpahdk; jpUKiw ghuhazk; Nghd;w Md;kPf rhjidfis Nkw;nfhz;lhh;.

Md;kPf rhjid mtiu <h;f;fNt ,Wjpapy; jdJ Kg;gjhtJ tajpy; Ntiyapy; ,Ue;Jk; tpyfp jdJ tho;it KOikahf Md;kPf rhjidapy; <LgLj;jpf; nfhz;lhh;.

Mrhd; mUshy; Mrhdhapdhh; jdJ FUtpd; Mizg;gb Nahfh; Rthkpfs; nfhOk; G j; J iwr; re; j papy; ,Ue; j ,Yg; i g kuj; j bapy; gy ehl; f shf jpahd epiyapy; mkh;ej ; pUe;jhh;. gy Kiw Ntz;bf; Nfl;Lf;nfhz;l ; gpwF ,Yg;ig kuj;Jf;F mz;ikapy; mbath;fshy; mtUf;F vd mikf;fg;gl;l xU rpW Fbirapy; Nahfh; R thkpfs; jq; f pdhh; . ,J 1914 Mk; Mz;lstpy; epfo;e;jJ. Nahfh; Rthkpfs; jdJ tho;tpd; mLj;j Ik;gJ Mz;LfisAk; fpLFfshy; Ntag; g l; l me; j r; rpW Fbirapy; fopj; j hh; . njhlf; f j; j pNy mZFtjw; F Kbahjtuhf ,Ue;jhh;. Mdhy; fhyg;Nghf;fpy; rpy mbath;fis mUfpy; tu mDkjpj;jhh;.kpf tpiutpy; me;jf; nfhOk;Gj;Jiwf; nfhl;by; ,yq;if KOtjw;Fk; mUs; toq;Fk; Md;kf P j; jpUTUtj;jpd; Mr;rpukkhf khwpaJ. tho;tpd; gy Jiwfisr; rhh;ej ; kf;fSk; ,f;Fbirf;F te;jdh;. ,isNahh;> KjpNahh;> fkf;fhuh;> ke;jphpfs;> ePjpgjpfs;> kUj;Jth;fs; murpay;thjpfs; - Mk; midtUk; cz;ikia ehbNa mf;Fbirf;F te;jdh;. mj;jUzj;jpy; xUehs; jdJ FUehjh; nry;yg;gh Rthkpfs; Neha; t ha; g ; g l; b Ug; g jhf mwpe; J mtUf; F g; gzptpil nra;tjw;fhf Nahfh; Rthkp tpiue;J nrd;whh;. mth; tUifia mwpe;j nry;yg;gh Rthkpfs; mth; cs;Ns nry;tjd; Kd; mtUf;F Nfl;Fk; gbahf cuj;j Fuypy; ntspNa epd;W ghh; vd;whh;. Nahfh; RthkpfSk; FUehjh; nrhw;Nfl;L cs;Ns Nghfhky; ntspNa epd;W mff; fz;zhy; mtiuf; fz;L tzq;fpdhh;.

ey;Y}iu eidj;j Qhdnts;sk; mf;fhyj;jpy; ey;Y}h; Njubapy; tho;e;j nry;yg;gh Rthkpfspd; ngUikiaf; $wf;Nfl;l Nahfehjd; xUehs; Rthkpfisj; jhprpg;gjw;fhf ey; Y hUf; F r; nrd; w hh; . jdJ rw; F Uit Kjd;Kjypy; re;jpj;jJ Fwpj;J mth; gpd;dh; gy ew;rpe;jidg; ghly;fspy; mofhff; $wpAs;shh;.

Njubapy; Nahfehjdpd; nrtpfspy; xypj;jit 'Mulh eP? NjulhTs;! jPulh gw;W". kiyj;J epd;w rPlidg; ngUq; fUizNahL Nehf;fpa rw; F Uehjd; 'cd; i dj; j hd; ghh; j ; j pUe; N jd; . cdf;Nf gl;lk; #l;lg; Nghfpd;Nwd;. th th" vd;W mUfpyioj;J md;NghL Qhd cgNjrk; mUspdhh; . md; W Kjy; Ie; J Mz; L fs; nry;yg;gh RthkpfSld; tho;e;J fLk; jtk; Mw; w pa Nahfehjd; jdJ rw; F UtplkpUe; J jPl;ir ngw;W Nahfh; Rthkpfs; Mdhh;. gpd; jdJ ïªJ xË

Rthkpfisr; #o;e;j jpUf;$l;;lk;. neLe;J}uj;jpypUe;J tUk; ahj;jphpfh;fSk; jpdk; tUk; may; gf;jh;fSk; Mrhdpd; jpUtbapd; fPo; xd;W $b mq;F tphpf;fg;gl;Ls;s gha; kPJ

4

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

mth;fspd; vz;zq;fis jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹ mwpe; j pUe; j hh; vdTk; mtuJ rPlh;fs; fz;ldh;. mtuJ mff; fhl;rpapy; ,Ue;J vijAk; kiwf;f Kbatpy;iy. jdJ tho;tp;y; gpw;gFjpapy; mth; 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ mf epiyapy; NkYk; tpopg; G zh; T kpf; f tuha; ,Ue;jNjhL jdJ gf;jh;fs; Kd;dpiyapNyNa mfTyfq;fspy; Njth;fNshLk; Ngrp te; j hh; . gy Nkiyj; N jrj; j th; f s; $l Rthkpfisj; jhprpf; f te; j dh; . mbath; f s; tho;tpy; Nahfh; Rthkpfs; Ghpe;j mw;Gjq;fNsh Vuhsk;. gpw;fhyj;jpy; ,e;j mw;Gj epfo;r;rpfs; gy nkhopfspYk; Ehy;fshf mbath;fspdhy; ntspaplg;gl;Ls;sd.

mkh;ej ; pUg;ghh;fs;. nghJthf mtuJ Mr;rpukj;jpw;F khiy Neuj;jpNyNa gf;jh;fs; te;jdh;. irt khh; f ; f k; gw; w pAk; gz; i lf; f hy Kdpth; f s; Qhdpfs; gw;wpAk; Ntjhe;j rpj;jhe;j jj;Jtj;jpd; jdJ Nfhl;ghLgw;wpAk; mth; NgRthh;. MrhDk; mbath;fSk; Nrh;e;J gf;jpg; ghly;fisg; ghLth;. jdJ nkd;ikahd capiu cUf;Fk; Fuypy; mth; ghLthh;. Mo;e;j tp~aq;fs; Fwpj;Jk; cyfpay; tp\aq; f s; Fwpj; J k; mth; NgRthh; . my; y J mbath;fSld; nksdj;jpy; Mo;ej ; pUg;ghh;. jd;dplk; tUgth;fSf;F vy;yhk; rdhjd jh;kj;jpd; mopahj cz;ikfis Nahfh; Rthkpfs; typAWj;jp te;jhh;. mbath; f Sf; F mth; toq; f pa fl; l isfs; egUf;F egh; khWgLk;. nghJthd xU ghpfhuj;ij mth; jUtjpy; i y. ahUf; F vJ NjitNah mijj; Jy;ypakhf mUspdhh;. xUtUf;F Nahf rhjidia toq;Fthh;. kw;wtUf;F gf;jpiaAk; cghridiaAk; fw;gp;gg ; hh;. tpahjpf;F Vw;w kUe;J vd;W Rthkpfs; $WtJz;L. Nahfh; Rthkpfs; mbath; f s; rfpjk; gyKiw ,e; j pahTf; F jpUj;jy ahj;jpiufisAk; Nkw;nfhz;lhh;.

ew;rpe;jid vd;Dk; ey;yKjk; gy mofhd ghly;fis Nahfh; Rthkpfs; jk; tho;tpy; ghbaUspdhh;. mit mth; mfj;jpypUe;Nj ntspte;jd. gpd;dh; ,it xd;whf jpul;lg;gl;L ew;rpe;jid vd;Dk; ngahpy; Ehyhf ntspaplg;gl;lJ. cs;sj;ij cUf;Fk; ew;rpe;jidg; ghly;fs; gy xypg; gjpT ehlhf; f shfTk; ntspte; J s; s d.

1935 Mk; Mz; L rpy gf; j h; f isf; n fhz; L rptnjhz;ld; vd;Dk; khjhe;j rka rQ;rpifia ntsptUkhW nra;jhh;. 1953 Mk; Mz;L Rthkpfs; aho;g;ghzj;jpy; rpt njhz;ld; vd;Dk; Md;kPf epiyaj;ij epWtpdhh;. Rthkpfspd; tpUg;gg;gb gpd;dh; kl;lf;fsg;gpYk; Xh; rptnjhz;ld; epiyak; epWtg;gl;lJ. ,d;W yz;ld; efhpYk; rptnjhz;ld; epiyak; rpwg;Gwg; gzpahw;Wfpdw ; J. irt rkaj;ij Nkiyj;Njrq;fspy; gug;GtJ gw;wpAk; fpof;F Nkw;F ,ilNa xU ghyk; mikg;gJ Fwpj;Jk; Nahfh; Rthkpfs; mbf;fb $wp te;jhh;. md;W irtrkak; NkNyhq;fp Nt&d;wp epw;gjw;F tpj;jpl;lth; Nahfh; Rthkpfs; . miu Ehw; w hz; L fSf; F Nkyhf aho;g;ghzj;jpNy jdpg;ngUk; Kdptuhf mUshl;rp Ghpe;J te;j Nahfh; Rthkpfs; 1964 Mk; Mz;L gq;Fdp khj Mapypa el;rj;jpuj;jpy; jdJ 91 tJ tajpy; kfhrkhjp mile;jhh;.

rptj;njhz;L> rptj;jpahdk; nts;is Ntl;bAk; rhy;itAk; kl;LNk Nahfh; Rthkpfs; mzpe;jpUg;ghh;. cah;e;j Njhw;wKk; MNuhf;fpakhd jpUNkdpAKila Nahfh; Rthkpfs; aho; g ; g hzj; J tP j pfs; topahfTk; tay; ntspfspDhlhfTk; jpdKk; gy iky;fs; Jhuk; elg;ghh;.jdJ ntz;ikahd jhbAk; jiyKbAk; #hpa ntspapy; gpufhrpf;f fWg;Gf; FilAld; Nahfh; Rthkpfs; aho; Flhehl;L tPjpfspy; fk;gPu eilAld; gtdp tUtJ fz; nfhs;shf; fhl;rpahf ,Uf;Fk;. jpdKk; #hpa cjaj;Jf;F Kd; vOe;J jdJ Fbirapy; jpUtb topghL nra;thh;. jdJ ifyhr guk;giuapy; te;j Vida rw;FUkhiug; Nghd;Nw Nahfh; RthkpfSk; xU NahfpAk; rpj;jUk; Mthh;. gy Mz;Lfspd; jPtpu Md;kPf rhjid mtUf;Fg; gy mf Mw;wy;fis vOg;gpapUe;jd.

MapDk; Nahfh; Rthkpfs; mit gw; w pg; Ngrkhl;lhh;. jd;idf; fhz tUgth;fis mth;fs; tUtjw;F Kd;dNk Nahfh; Rthkpfs; mwpe;jpUe;jhh; vdTk; mth; f s; NgRtjw; F Kd; d hNyNa

rptdbahh; ehq;fs; rptdbahh;. MjpAke;jKk; ,wg;Gk; gpwg;Gk; ,uTk; gfYk; RfKe; Jf;fKk; vq;fSf; fpyi ; y nad;Dk; jpUke;jpuj;ij vtndhUtd; kwthky; jpahdQ; nra;fpwhNdh mtDf;F xU FiwAk; tuhJ. vij eP ghtid nra;fpwhNah mJ ePahtha;. ,jw;nfy;yhk; tplhKaw;rp mjhtJ rypahik Ntz;Lk;. ghLgl mQ;RgtDf;F xU gpuNahrdKk; cz;lhfhJ.ghbd;wpg; gl;lq; fpilah njd;gJ cyf tof;F. fhhparpjj; p va;Jk; tiuAk; tplhKaw;rp nra;. eP Vd; Xahky; nfl;l fhhpaq;fisr; rpej; pff; pwha;? mr; rpej; idia tplL ; KOkdj;NjhL nja;tj;ij tzq;F.cdf;F tpjptrj;jhw; nghUe;Jtdtw;iw ctifNahL Vw;W elj;J.,Wjpapy; ahTk; n[akhFk;. mJ mg;gbAs;s fhhpak; vd;gijr; rjh neQ;rpw; gjpjJ ; f; nfhz;L ,ay;gha; cdf;F tUk; NtiyfisAq; flikfisAQ; nra;J nfhz;bU.my;yJ mtw;iw tplb; U vJTQ; rhpNa. nra;jypYQ; nra;ahikapYk; jq;fpapUf;ftpyi ; y. fUkk; ,y;yhikia tpUk;ghNj.fUkj;ijg; gw;whNj.nra;jy; nra;ahik ,tw;Ws; ,ay;gha; vJ cdf;F mikfpdw ; Njh mijNa gw;wp epy.;

- Nahfh; Rthkpfs;

ïªJ xË

5

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

Nahfh; Rthkpfspd; cyf ahj;jpiu up\p njhz;Lehjd;

50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

ah

o;gg ; hzj;J rpj;jh; guk;giuapy; xUtuhfj; Njhd;wpath;jhd; Nahfh; Rthkpfs; . ,iwtd; kPJ jPtpu gf;jpnfhz;bUe;jtuhd ,th; jdJ gjtpiaj; Jwe;J KOikahd ,iwapd;gj;jpYk; Md;kPf rpe;jidapYk; %o;fpa epiyapy; tho;e;J te;jhh;. xUKiw ey;Yhh; Njubapy; jq;fpapUe;j nry;yg;gh Rthkpfspd; jhprdj;jpw;fhf nrd;wNghJ “cd;idj;jhd; ghh;j;jpUe;Njd; cdf;F gl;lk; R+ll ; g; NghfpNwd; th” vd;W mioj;J QhNdhgNjrk; mUspajhy; cah; Q hd epiyngw; W Nahfh; Rthkpfshf ehkhfuzk; nra;ag;gl;lhh;. ,th; jdJ FUehjuhd nry;yg;gh RthkpfSld; ,ize; j pUe; j fhyj; j py; fjph; f hk ahj; j piu kl;Lky;y ,yq;if KOtijAk; ghjahj;jpiuahf Rw;wpte;jth;. ahj;jpiu Kbe;J jdJ FUehjhplk; jpUk;gp te;jNghJ “,U ahidfis xU jwpapw; fl;lKbahJ. eP nfhOk;Gj;Jiw re;epjpapy; ,Yg;ig ku Ntiug;ghh;”vd;W Nahfh; Rthkpfis mDg;gp tpl;lhh;. nfhOk;Gj;Jiwapy; xU Fbiraikj;J jq; f papUe; j Nahfh; Rthkpfis jhprpg; g jw; F gyh; te;J NghtJ tof;fk;. ,th; mUs; ngw;w Qhdpfs; gyUk; ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;. mnkhpf;fhtpypUe;J te;jpUe;j ,Ugj;jpapuz;L taJ ,isQh; xUth; Nahfh; RthkpfsplkpUe;J QhNdhgNjrk; ngw;Wf; nfhz; l jhy; ,tuJ rP l uhfptpl; l hh; . ,tNu Rg;gpuKdpa Rthkpfs; vd gpd;dhspy; gyuhYk; Nghw; w g; g l; l th; . ,th; mnkhpf; f khepyj; j pd; `htha; jPtpy; irt MjPdj;ij epWtp Nahfh; Rthkpfspd; Md;kPf ,iwgzpia Kd;ndLj;Jr; nrd;wJld; xU rPlh; guk;giu cUthFtjw;Fk; fhuzkhf ,Ue;Js;shh;.

Rg;gpuKdpa Rthkpfs; jdJ FU ehjuhd Nahfh; Rthkpfspd; 125 MtJ gpwe;jehshd 1997 Mk; Mz;L Nk khjk; 29 Mk; jpfjpad;W `htha; irt MjPdj;jpy; xU rpwg;G epfo;r;rpnahd;iw Vw;ghL nra;J elj;jpapUe;jhh;. Nahfh; Rthkpfspd; rpwpa ntz;fyr; rpiynahd;iw mikg;gpj;J mjw; F g+ir topghLfs; nra; a g; g l; l d. gf;jpg+h;tkhd tifapy; ele;j me;j epfo;itj; njhlh; e ; J Nahfh; Rthkpfspd; ntz; f yr; rpiyia cyf ahj;jpiuf;fhf mDg;Gtjw;fhd Vw;ghLfSk; ele;Njwpd. Rg;gpuKdpa Rthkpfs; Mrptoq;fp Nahfh; Rthkpfspd; cyf ahj;jpiuia Muk;gpj;J itj;jhh;. cyf ehLfspy; Gyk;ngah;eJ ; tho; e ; J nfhz; b Uf; F k; ,yq; i fj; jkpo; ïªJ xË

kf;fspd; jhprdj;jpw;fhfTk; mjd;%yk; mth;fs; ,iwAzh;itAk; Md;kf P rpe;jidiaAk; ngWk; tifapYk; Nahfh; Rthkpfspd; cyf ahj;jpiu mike;jpUf;fpwJ. ,e;j cyf ahj;jpiuapd;NghJ Nfhyhfykhd epfo;rr ; pfs; vJTk; ,lk;ngwf;$lhJ vd;gJld; ahj;jpiu nry;Yk; ghijfspy; kf;fsJ gf;jpg; ngUf;Fk; Md;kf P czh;Tk; NkNyhq;fpapUf;f Ntz; L k; vd; g JTk; Rg; g puKdpa Rthkpfspd; ngUtpUg;gkhfTk; mwpTiuahfTk; ,Ue;jJ. Nahfh; Rthkpfspd; cyf ahj;jpiuahdJ gjpNdO tUlq;fis epiwTf;F nfhz;L tUk; ,t;Ntisapy; mnkhpf;fhtpd; `hthapypUe;J Muk;gkhfp If;fpa mnkhpf;fh kw;Wk; INuhg;gpa ehLfs; Kjyhf cyfj;jpd; ngUk; gFjpiaf; fle;Jtpl;l epiyapy; ,g;NghJ MrpahTf;Fs; cl; g puNtrpj; j pUf; f pwJ vd; g J rpwg; G f; F hpa jftyhFk;. Nahfh; Rthkpfs; gpwe;J tho;eJ ; mUs; toq;fp mw;Gjq;fs; nra;j Gz;zpa g+kp aho;gg ; hzf; FlhehL. 1964Mk; Mz;L gq;Fdp khjj;J Mapypak; el;rj;jpuj; jpdj;jd;W kfh rkhjpaile;j Rthkpfspd; Ik;gjhtJ FUg+ir jpdk; ,k;khjk; (Vg;uy;) gj;jhk; jpfjp tUfpwJ. md;iwa ehspy; ey;iyf; fe;jd; Mya Rw;whlypy; Ik;gjhtJ FUg+ir epfo;it rpwg;ghf mDl;bg;gjw;fhd Vw;ghLfs; nra;ag;gl;L tUfpd;wd. Nahfh; Rthkpfs; jdJ FUehjuhd nry; y g; g h RthkpfsplkpUe; J QhNdhgNjrk; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l ,lk; ey;Yhh; vd;gjhy; mq;F Ik;gjhtJ FUg+iria elj;JtJ nghUj;jkhdjhf ,Uf;Fk; vd;gJ Nahfh; RthkpfsJ mbahh;fspd; tpUg;gkhFk;. gjpdhW tUlq;fSf;F Kd; mnkhpf;f khepyj;jpd; `htha; jPtpypUe;J ntz;fyr; rpiy tbtpy; Muk;gkhd Nahfh; Rthkpfspd; cyf ahj; j piuahdJ mtuJ Ik; g jhtJ FUg+ir ehsd; W aho; g ; g hzj; i j te; j ilatpUf; f pwJ vd;gJ Rthkpfspd; mbahh;fSf;F kfpo;rr ; p jUk; nra;jpahf miktJld; Rthkpfis tuNtw;gjw;Fk; fhj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhh;fs;. Rthkpfs; tho;e;j aho;gg ; hzg; g+kpapy; Ik;gjhtJ FUg+ir ehspdN ; ghJ rpiytbtpy; vOe;jUspapUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ RthkpfsJ Md;khh;j;jkhd tpUg;gk; NghYk;. cyfshtpa hPjpapy; irtj; jkpo; kf;fshy; Nghw;wpj; Jjpf;fg;gLk; Nahfh; RthkpfsJ cyf ahj;jpiu RthkpfsJ Ik; g jhtJ FUg+ir tUlj; j py; ,yq; i fapy; epiwTf; F tUtJ Rthkpfspd; Mrpf;Fhpa mUl;NgW vd;Wjhd; nrhy;y Ntz;Lk;.

6

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

Nahfh; Rthkpfspd; mUs;ngw;w Qhdpfs;; 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

gpd;du; kd mirTfisAk; ghu;j;Jf; nfhz; L ,Ue; j gbNa ,Uf; F k; ,Ug;gpNyNa epiyj;jpUf;Fk; tz;zk; newpg;gLj;jpdhu;. fUizf; f lyhd RthkpfsJ mfj;jpypUe;J ngUfpa mUs;nkhopfs; ke;jpurf;jpAld; khu;ff ; z;L KdptUf;F Neupa- fpl; b a topiaf; f hl; b d. gf;jp (epj;jpa t];Jtpy; epiyf;Fk; jPtpujhfk;) epu;thzk; (Mir midj; i jAk; mbNahL mfw; w pa ituhf;fpak;) ,uz;Lk; NghJk; vdr; Rthkpfs; mtUf;Fr; nrhd;dhu;. ,e;jg; gf;jp> epu;thzk; ,uz;bdhYk; gupRj;jkhd kdk; xd;Nw jpUtb Nru; t jw; F g; NghJkhdnjd ,d; n dhUNghJ nrhd;dhu;. khu;ff ; z;L RthkpfsJ FUgf;jp mryhdJ. mtu; 'vz;Nzd; gpwnja;tk;" vd;W Rthkpfs; xUtiuNa nja; t khff; nfhz; l hu; . 'jd; i dawpe; j tUk; > jd; i dawpa topfhl; L gtUkhd jiytupYk; Nkyhd flTSz;Nlh" vdf;fUjpa Rthkpg;gpj;ju; mtu; . mtu; FU $wpa nkhopfisnay; y hk; md; w d; N w Fwpj; J itj; J Mz; L f; f zf; f hf mtw;iwr; rpe;jpj;Jr; rpe;jpj;J rPtyhgk; ngw Kad; w hu; . jk; i kr; Rthkpfsplk; G+uzkhf xg;gilj;jhu;. RthkpfSk; mtiuj; jha;Nghy; jiyasp nrhupe;J <Nlw;wpdhu;. mtu; cj;jpNahfj;jpypUe;J Xa;T ngw;wJk; mtUf;nfd Vw;nfdNt Vw;ghL nra;jpUe;j ifjbf; nfhl;bypy; Fbaku;jj ; pdhu;. Rthkpfs; mq;Fk; nrd;W mtu; epl;ilapNy epiyj;jpUg;gjw;F cu%l;b te;jhu;. xU rptuhj;jpup ehs; khiyg;nghOjpy; ifjb Mr;rpukj;Jf;Fr; nrd;W 'vl;lhj nfhg;Gf;F Vzpitj;J" vdj; njhlq;Fk; ey;yKjg; ghliyg; ghbf; nfhLj;J ,d;W ePu; kl;Lk; epj;jpiu tpopj;jhw; NghJk; vdf; $wpj; jhd; gukhde;jj;Japy; Gupe;jhu;. khu;f;fz;L RthkpfSk; md;wpuT KOJk; vl;lhj nfhg;gpy; ,Uf;Fk; NjdKijj; jl;lhkw; rhg;gpl;L ePq;fhj epd;ky epl;ilapw; nghUe;jpapUe;jhu;.

Rthkpfs; jkJ FUtpd; mf;fpdpg;gpuNtr Ntisapy; ele;Jnfhz;lJ NghyNt khu;f;fz;L

khu;f;fz;L Rthkpfs;

'G+

tpy; tz;L Njidf; Fbf;Fk; NghJ xU rj;jKk; Nghlkhl;lhJ. rpy Kj; j u; f s; Gj; j pkjpfisr; nrhy;Ythu;fs;> NtW rpyu; nksdkhf ,Ue;J tpLthu;fs;. khu;ff ; z;LRthkpfs; tz; L fs; G+itf; f pz; b j; Njid cz;L xd;WkwpahJ fplg;gJNghy; rpj;jkhfpa G+itr; rptj;jpahdj;jpdhy; fpz;b Mq;FtUk; Mde;jj;NjidAz;L xd;W ,uz; L ed; W jP n jd; w wpahky; (nksdj; j py; ) Njf;fpf; fple;j rPtd; Kj;juhthu;. rptNahfRthkpfs; ,k; N khd Kdptiuj; Njbahz;ldu; vd;gNj nghUj;jkhdJ. gpukr;rupatpujk;> jpUKiwg;gw;W> Mirahk; Ngahy; miyf;fopf;fg;glhik> rptdbahiur; rptndd tzq;Fk; rPyk; Mfpatw;why; mtuile;jpUe;j jPtpugf;Ftk; Rthkpfs; mtiuj; Njb Ms;tjw;Ff; fhuzkhapw;W. mtu; RthkpfsJ MSiff; F cl; g l; l Ntisapy; jpaj;jyhitapYs;s epy msitj; jpizf;fsj;jpy; cj;jpNahfk; Gupe;jhu;. mtUf;Fr; Rthkpfs; mUspa Kjy; mUs;nkhop 'tljpir fhl;Lk; fUtpiag;Nghy; ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;" vd;gJ. ,t;tUs;nkhopapdhNy gug;gpukj;ijNa vg;NghJk; Nehf;fp mirtw;wpUg;gijf; Fwpahff; nfhs;SkhW Rthkpfs; mtUf;F cgNjrpj;jhu;. ,f;Fwpapid miljw; nghUl;L cj;jpNahf cau;T Kjyha jd;dy ehl;lq;fisj; Jwe;Jtplr; nra;jJld;> jpUj; j y ahj; j piu> rkarhj; j pug; gapw; r p> Nahfrhjid Mjpa rkarhjidfisAk; ePjJ ; tplr; nra;jhu;. mtUf;Ff; fhl;ba FwpAk; Nkhdk;> mf;Fwpia milaf; fhl;ba newpAk; Nkhdk;. jpahdk; nra;jhy; mJTk; xUNtiy> Rk;kh gj;J epkplj;Jf;F ,Uf;fg;goF vd;w tz;zk; Rk;kh ,Uf;Fk; rhjidiaNa Rthkpfs; mtUf;Ff; fhl;bdhu;. Muk;gg; gbapy; kdj;ij mlf;Fjw;Fk;> xUKfg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk;> Md;khtpy; ,yapf;fr; nra;tjw;Fkhd rpy gapw;rpfis toq;fpaNghJk; ïªJ xË

7

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

RthkpfSk; RthkpfsJ jpUtbf;fyg;G epfo;Tfspy; fye;J nfhs;shjtz;zk; ,uz; L %d; W ehl; f s; vq;Nfh khakha; kiwe; jpUe;jhu;.

RthkpfsJ jpUtbf; 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ fyg;gpd; gpd;du; RthkpfsJ md; g u; gyu; khu; f ; f z; L RthkpfsJ jpUtbfspy; tPo;e;J Fk;gplyhapdu;. mtu;fSf;Fj; jkJ neQ;rg; Gj;jfj;jpy; ,Ue;j ew;rpe;jidg; ghf;fisf; $wpajd;wpj; jk; thf;fhf mtu; VJk; $wpajpy;iy. mtu; Rthkpfs; vd;Dk; NguhJ epw;Fk; ngUq;fUizg; Nguhw;wpy; %o;fpj;

jdJ Raj; i j Kw; w hf ,oe; j pUe; j hu; . mtu; rptNahf Nrhjpnahd;iwNa juprpj;jpUe;jJNghy; Rthkpfspd; mbatu;fs; mr;Nrhjpiaj; juprpg;g jw;fhd jpirfhl;bahfTk; mike;j hu; . nrq;fyb rptnjhz;ld; epiyaj;jpy; RWRWg;gha;r; rptnjhz; L Gupe; j rhe; j Rthkpfs; ed; N khd epiwit ehbaNghJ ifjb Mr; r pukj; J f; F te;J mtNuhL $b ciwe;jJ ,jw;Fj; jf;f rhd;whaike;jJ. khu; f ; f z; L Rthkpfs; ,uj; j hl; r p tUlk; itfhrpj; jpq;fs; fhu;j;jpif ehs; (29-05-1984) rkhjpAw;wdu;. ifjb Mr;rpukj;jpy; mtu; Gupe;j jpUtb topghL njhlu;e;J eilngw;W tUfpwJ.

jfty; : rptnjhz;ld; rig

FUNjth; rptha Rg;gpuKdpa Rthkpfs;

1957 Mk; Mz;L jdJ Kg;gjhtJ tajpy; FUNjth; ,khya fyh gPlj;ij epWtp fypNghh;dpahtpy; mnkhpf;fhtpd; KjyhtJ ,e;Jf; NfhapiyAk; Muk;gpj;J itj;jhh;. fPioj;Njrj;Jf;Fk; Nkiyj;Njrj;Jf;Fk; ,ilapy; ikakhf tpsq;Fk; `tha; jPTfspy; xd;whd Fit vd;Dk; jPtpy; Gdpj itYt ejpf;fiuapy; 459 Vf;fh; epyg;gug;gpy; 1970 Mk; Mz;L FU Njth; Fit irt MjPdj;ij epWtpdhh;. ,q;F Mwb caukhd rpteluh[iu %y%h;j;jpahff; nfhz;l Xh; Nfhapiy ];jhgpj;jhh;. ,JNt Nkiyj; N jrj; j py; mike; j KjyhtJ rptd; NfhapyhFk;. cyfpNyNa mf;Nfhapypy; jhd; 108 jhz;lt Kh;jj ; pfSk; gpujp];il nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd.

16 njhd; vilAs;s nghpa ee;jpia cila ,f; Nfhapypd; vl;Lf; fhyg; g+irfisAk; MjPdj;Jj; Jwtpfs; nra;J tUfpd;wdh;.

FUNjtUf;F 1975 Mk; Mz;L khrp khjk; rptngUkhd; Xh; mff; f hl; r p mUspdhh; . ,e; j mff;fhl;rpapd;gb Gdpj itYt ejpf;fiuapy; FUNjth; xh; Rak; G ypq; f j; i jf; fz; l hh; . ,r;Rak;Gypq;fj;ij ikakhff; nfhz;Nl rd;khh;ff ; ,iwtd; Nfhapy; cUthfp tUfpd;wJ. rd;khh;f;f ,iwtd; Nfhapy; Eiothapypy; Xh; cUj;jpuhl;r kur;Nrhiy. ,r;Nrhiyapy; ,Ue;J NfhapYf;F ,UkUq;fpYk; nfhd;iw kuq;fisAila xU ePzl ; Nehpa ghij> ,JNt rd;khh;f;fk;. ,g;ghijapy; Xh; Myku epoypy; tpehafg; ngUkhd; vOe;jUsp cs;shh;.mthplk; tpilngw;Wr; nry;Yk; NghJ topapy; Xh; Fd;wpd; Nky; KUfg; ngUkhd; jhprdk; jUfpd;whh;. mtiuAk; jhprpj;J NeNu nrd;why; Rak;Gypq;Nf];tuiu ehk; milayhk;. Ehw;wpnal;L tpy;tkuq;fSf;F kj;jpapy; tPw;wpUf;Fk; ,e;j

ah

o;g;ghzj;J khKdpth; rptNahfh; Rthkpfspd; nfhOk;Gj;Jiw Mr; r pukj; J f; F 1949 Mk; Mz; L itfhrp jpdj; j d; W Xh; mnkhpf; f ,isQh; te;jhh;. mthpd; tUifia vjph; g hh; j ; j pUe; j Nahfh; Rthkpfs; mtUf;F Rg;gpuKdpa Rthkpfs; vDk; ehk jPli ; r mspj;jhh;. mtNu ekJ FUNjth;. Nahfh; Rthkpfs; FUNjtUf;F gQ;rhl;ru ke;jpuj;ij cgNjrk; nra;J mthpd; tho;tpd; gzpfs; Fwpj;J mwptiufisAk; toq;fpdhh;. Nahfh; Rthkpfs; FUNjthpd; KJfpNy Xq;fpg; gykhf mbj;J ,dp cynfq;Fk; nrd;W rpq;fk; Nghy; fh;r;rpg;gha;. eP gy Myaq;fs; mikj;J gyUf;F cztspg;gha; vd;W Mrp toq;fpdhh;. ,e;j mb FUNjthpiu ehjh; rpj;jh; kugpy; Nrh;fF ; k; jPli ; rahf mike;jJ. aho;g;ghz kf;fs; ,e;j mhpa epfo;r;rpia xU Kb#l;L tpoh vd;W $wp kfpo;e;jdh;. mg;NghJ FUNjtUf;F taNjh ,Ugj;jpapuz;L> Nahfh; RthkpfSf;Nfh vOgj;jpNaO. FU Njth; ,yq;ifapy; ,Ue;j fhyj;jpy; Nahfh; Rthkpfspd; MrpAld; msntl;b vDk; fpuhkj;jpy; =Rg;gpuKdpa Mr;rpukj;ij epWtpdhh;. ,d;W cyfshtpa hPjpapy; Nritahw;wp tUk; irtrpj;jhe;j jh;k rig ,q;Fjhd; Muk;gkhfpaJ. rw;FUtpd; Mizg;gb FUNjth; mnkhpf;fhTf;F jpUk; g p te; J VO Mz; L fs; jhk; nra; a Ntz;ba gzpfSf;F jd;id Maj;jkhf;Fk; rhjidfspy; <Lgl;lhh;. jpdrhp rhjidahYk; Mo;ej ; jpahdj;jhYk; Qhd jpU~;b Qhd jhprdk; Mfpa mf Mw;wy;fs; FUNjtUf;F ntspg;gl;ld. ïªJ xË

8

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

xU ] ; j h g d j ; i j jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹ cUthf;fp mjd; %yk; mdhij ,y;yq;fs; KjpNahh; ,y;yq;fs; rka ];jhgdq;fs; Nghd; w tw; W f; F cjtp tUfpd; w hh; . 1986 ,y; 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ GJby;ypapy; $ba cyf rka ghuhSkd;wk; FUNjthpd; cyfshtpa rkag;gzpiag; ghuhl;b mtUf;F '[fjhr;rhhpah;" vd;w tpUjpid toq;fpf; nfsutpj;jJ. If;fpa ehLfs; rigapd; Kd;dhs; nrayhsh; ehafk; cah;jpU Cj;jhd; mth;fspd; Qhgfhh;j;jkhf tUlhe;jk; toq;fg;gLk; rkhjhdg; ghpR 2000 ,y; FUNjtUf;F toq;fg;gl;l J. ,j;jUzk; If;fpa ehLfs; rigapd; jiyikr; nrayfj;jpy; eilngw;w cyf rkhjhd kfhehl;bYk; FUNjth; fye;J nfhz;L ciuahw;w;pdhh; FUNjth; 12-11-2001 jpq;fl;fpoik es;spuT 1154 kzpf;F rpj;jpu el;rj;jpuj;jpy; `thapy; cs;s jdJ irt MjPdj;jpy; Jwtpfs; Kd;dpiyapy; kfh rkhjp mile;jhh;. FUNjthpd; jpUNkdp jfdk; nra;ag;gl;L m];jp MjPdj;jpy; cs;s rpt eluh[hpd; rd; d pjpapd; fP N o Vw; f dNt mikf;fg;gl;bUe;j Fifapy; gpujp];il nra;ag;gl;lJ. kfh rkhjpailAk; NghJ jdJ mbath;fsplk; FUNjth; jhd; ,e;j cliy tpl;L ePq;fpdhYk; jpdKk; ,Ugj;Jehd;F kzpNeuKk; mfTyfpypUe;J mbath; fSf;F mUs;ghypg;Ngd; vd;W $wpdhh;. FUNjth; Muk;gpj;j rptg;gzpfis MjPdj;Jj; Jwtpfs; njhlh;e;J tUfpd;wdh;.

Nkd;ik nfhs; irt ePjp cyfnky;yhk; tpsq;f itj;j FUNjth; rptha Rg;gpuKdpa Rthkpfs; jpUtb Nghw;wp!

Rak;Gypq;Nf];tuUf;F 1975Mk; Mz;L Kjy; epj;jpa G+i[fs; eilngw;W tUfpd;wd. ,iwtd; Nfhapypy; gpujp];il nra;antd Xh; ];gbfypq;fk; FUNjtUf;F 1987 Mk; Mz;L Mtzp khjk; fpilf;fg; ngw;w J. MW Nfhzq; f isAila ,e;j ];gbfypq;fk; 700 ,whj;jy; vilAk; 39 mq;Fy cauKk; cila mw;Gjkhd cyfpd; kpfg; nghpa ];gbfypq;fkhFk; .,iwtd; Nfhapy; Kw;wpYk; fUq;fw;fspdhy; Mfk tpjpg;gb mike;j Nfhapyhf gy jiyKiwfSf; F epiyj; J epw;ff;$ba tifapy; cUthfp tUfpd;wJ. 1979 Mk; Mz;L FUNjth; HINDUSIAM TODAY vd;Dk; rQ;rpifia epWtpdhh;. ,e;jr; rQ;rpif cynfq;Fk; thOk; ,e;Jf;fspd; Fuyhf rh;tNjr hPjpapy; xypf;fpd;wJ. ,e;J rkak; gw;wpa gy Ehy;fis FUNjth; vOjpAs;shh;. ,d;W ,it gy nkhopfspy; vkf;F fpilf;fpd;wJ. ,e;jj; njhopy; E l; g Afj; j py; FUNjthpd; Jwtpfs; mjpetPd nfhk;gpA+l;lh;fspd; JizAld; gy Ehy;fisAk; gpuRuq;fisAk; ntspaplL ; tUfpdw ; dh;. mnkhpf;fhtpYk;> kiyj;Njrq;fspYk; gy ,e;Jf; Nfhapy;fs; cUthf FUNjth; %yfhuzkhf ,Ue;Js;shh;. cynfq;Fk; Nfhapy;fisf; fl;b tUk; ,e;J r%fj;jpdUf;F MNyhridfis toq;fpAk; mth;fspd; Nfhapy;fSf;F %h;jpfis toq;fpAk; ,ilapil ,e;jf; Nfhapy;fSf;F Nehpy; nrd;Wk; FUNjth; mth;fis topelj;jp tUfpwhh;. 1982 Mk; Mz;L FUNjth; Nfhg;ghapy; =Rg;gpuKdpa Nfhl;lj;ij epWtpdhh;. 1983 ,y; ,yq;ifapy; eilngw;w ,df;fytuj;jpd; gpd; FUNjth; ,yq;ifj; jkpoh; mfjp epthuz epjp vd Xh; epjpia cUthf;fp mjd;%yk; Mapuf;fzf;fhd ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fSf;F cjtp toq;fpAs;shh;.

FUNjth; ,e;Jf; fyhrhu mwf;fl;lis vd;Dk;

- hp\p njhz;Lehjd; mf;fz;lwpahj fhl;rpiaf;fz;L rhe;jRthkpfs; csq;Fspu;e;J cgrhe;j uhapdhu;. mtu; ,q;fpyhe;J ehl;bNy fz;zpakhd gpuGf; FLk;gj;jpy; gpwe;J tsu;e;jhu;. ,sikapy; ey; n yhOf; f rP y Kila itjpff; fpwp]; j tdhf tsu; e ; j hu; . nka;g; nghUs; fhz;lw;Fupa fy; t pia tpioe; j mtu; xf; ] ; N ghl; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; jj;JtQhdj;Jiwapy; Nru; e ; J rpuj; i jAld; gbj; j hu; . mg; gbg; G gl; l j; i j mspj; j Njad; w p rj; j pajhfj; i jj; jzpf; f tpy; i y. mtu; mj; j hfj; N jhL me; ehspy; cz;ikj;Njl;lj;jpy; ciog; gtu;fs; vd INuhg;ghtpYk;> mnkupf;fhtpYk; gpugyk; ngw;wpUe;j

rhe;j Rthkpfs; (James Ramsbotham)

f

];J}upkhd; ,dpa thridahy; ftug;gl;Lf; fhy;tpirj;NjhLk;.

Xbf; fisj; J Xuplj; j py; gLj; J f; fplf;Fk;. mg;NghJ mt; ,dpa t h r id jd ;d plj;NjNa As;sij mwpe;J mikjpAWk;. rhe;j Rthkpfs; guNyhfuhr; r paf; ftu; r ; r pahy; G+Nyhfnkq; F k; Xbaiye;jhu;. <w;wpy; nfhOk;Gj;Jiwf; nfhl;bypNy NahfRthkpfsJ fhybf;fPo; MWjyhf mku; e ; j pUe; j hu; . Rthkpfs; 'guNyhfuhr; r pak; cd;Ds;Ns cs;sNj" vdf; fhl;b itj;jhu;. ïªJ xË

9

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

ePl;b vl;bg;ghu;j;j Rthkpfs; khaf;fpU~;zdpd; fs;sr;rpupg;Gld; 'vq;Nf Nghfpwha;?" vdf; Nfl;lhu;. 'vq; N fDk; NghfpNwd; " vdf; $wpr; nrd; w mtuhy; vq;F Nghf KbAk;. mfe;ij Ks;is vq; N fh Nghftpl; L Ks; vLgl; l Rfj; J ld; MWjyhf kPz;Lk; te;J RthkpfsJ fhybapy; rhe;jkhf mku;e;jhu;. mtuplk; Rthkpfs; 'mwpa Ntz;Lk; vd;w vz;zKk; xg;gilf;fNtz;Lk;. mg;nghOJjhd; thywptdpd; mwpT ntspg;gLk; gukgpjhtpd; rpj;jNk epfo;tijj; njspa KbAk;. guNyhfuhr; r pak; cs; N sNaapUf; F k; kUkk; ntspahFk;" vd;wUspdhu;. rhe;jRthkpfs; njhz;bidg; gpujhd mq;fkhff; nfhz; l rkakugpNy tsu; e ; j tu; . mtUf; F r; Nritnra; A k; Mir ,Ue; j J. mij mtu; mDgtpj; J j; jP u ; f ; f Ntz; L k; . mjd; n ghUl; L f; FUtUs; mtiug; ngupatstaYila nrq;fyb rptnjhz;ld; Qhdg;gz;izapy; FbapUj;jpaJ. mtu; gd;dpUtUlfhyk; ,e;epiyg; gupghyfuhf ,Ue;J RWRWg;ghfg; gzpnra;jhu;. ,e;ehs;fspNy ew;rpe;jid Mq;fpy E}YUg; ngWtjpy; mtu; mUk;gzpGupe;jhu;. cynfq;FKs;Nshu; me;E}Ys; Eiotjw;F thapyhd ePz;l Kd;Diu xd;iwAk; mtNu vOjpdhu;. Rthkpfs; jkf;F Mq;fpyj;jpw; nrhd;d mUs;nkhopfSld; kw;iwa mZf;fj; njhz;lu;fSf;F mUspa mKjnkhopfisAk; nkhopngau;j;J Words of our master vDk; E}yhf Mf;fp mspj;jhu;. ,j;jpUE}iy nghUsikjpf;Nfw;gg; gFj; J mjpfhu mq; f q; f isAila E}yhf Mf;Fjw;fhd Maj;jq;fisAk; mtu; nra;jpUe;jhu;.

Mapd; 'vy; y hk; rup" vd; W Rk; k hapUf; F k; epiyte;jJk; vy;yhtw;iwAk; mg;gb mg;gbNa tpl;L ifjbf;F te;J> khu;f;fz;L RthkpfSld; ,ize;J nksdkhapUe;jhu;. jd;Ds;Ns guNyhfuhr;rpaj;ijf; fz;Lnfhz;l mf;f];J} upkhd; kPz;Lk; jdJ gpwe;j mfj;Jf;Nf te;jJ. mq;F 2nd Viscount Soulbury Mrdj;ij Ntz;lhk; vd;W js;sNtz;bapUf;ftpy;iy. mtu; Rthkp epidtpNyNa ,yapj;jpUe;jhu;. ,e;ehspy; Words of our master vDk; E}ypypUe;J jpul;ba Positive Thoughts for Daily Meditation vd;Dk; E}iyAk;> Rthkpfsspj;j nka;Qhdr;Rlupy; iggps; thrfj;J nka;g;nghUis tpsf;Fk; A Recapitulation of the Lord’s Prayer vd;Dk; jpUE}iyAk; vOjpdhu;. mtuJ nrhe;jg;gilg;G vdf; $wf;$ba ,uz;lhtJ E}y; Nkw;Fyfpy; Nghfkaf;fj;jpy; Japy;Nthu; tpopj;njOe;J Nehf;Fkplj;J ,j;jpUE} y; mtu;fSf;F ey;y topfhl;Lk;.

FWl; [ P t ; FOtpdUld; Nru;e;JghLgl;lhu;. mf;FOtpy; mNjjhfj;Jld; mq;fj;Jtk; tfpj;j kq; i fey; y hs; xUtiu mtu; tho; f ; i fj; J iz ahff; nfhz;lJk; 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ nja;trpj;jk; NghYk;. kidtpahu; jiyg; gpurtj; j pd; N ghJ rpRTld; kupj; j hu; . mJ mtUf;F ngUk; mbaha; tpOe;jJ. mJ mtu;jk; jhfj;ijg; ngUtplhahf;fpaJ. mtu; cz;ikiaj; Njb fP o ; j ; j pir Nehf; f p Xlyhdhu; . ,e; j paj; jpUj;jyq;fs;> klq;fs; vq;Fk; jpupe;jiye;jhu;. jpNgj;jpa klhyaq;fSf;Fk; nrd;whu;. <w;wpy; jd; je;ijahu; ,q;fpyhe;J murpd; MSeuhf ,yq;ifj; jPTf;F te;jhu;. ,yq;ifapYk; ngsj;j klq;fs;> fjpu;fhkk;> nry;tr;re;epjp vd;W jpupe;J <w;wpy; nfhOk;Gj;Jiwf; nfhl;bYf;F te;jhu;. mtiu mioj;Jte;j eupf;Fl;b> nfsupghyh vd;Nghu;. 'ftu;du; n[duypd; kfd;" vd mwpKfk; nra;jdu;.

Rthkpfs; 'cdJ ftu;dUk; ehd; n[duYk; ehd;" vdf;$wp mtiuj; jk; Qhdg;Gjy;tuhf mutizj;jhu;. nfhOk;Gj;Jiwf; nfhl;bypYk;> rptnjhz;ld; epiyaj;jpYk;> khu;f;fz;L Rthkpfs; ciwe;j ifjb Mr;rpukj;jpYk; itj;J mtiug; gbg;gbahf tsu; j ; n jLj; j hu; . mtUf; F r; Rthkpfs; $wpa Kjd; nkhop 'Mjpapy; mr;nrhy; ,Ue;jJ..." vdj; njhlq;Fk; iggps; thrfNk. jhd; Mapuf;fzf;fhd Kiw nrgpj;jJk;> ghjpupkhu; thapyhff; Nfl;lJkhd mt;thrfk; RthkpfsJ tha;nkhopahf kyu;e;j mg;nghONj mjd; nka;g;nghUSld; nghype;jij mtu; mDgtpj;J kfpo;e;jhu;. Rthkpfs; iggps; thrfq;fspd; mbg;gilapNy mtUf;F cgNjrk; nra;jJld; mt;TgNjrq;fis mtUf;F gof;fkhd nkhop kugpYk; $wpdhu; . 'fapw; i wf; iftpL fhz;lhkpUfk; Nghd;wpU" vd;wtz;zk; mtu;nkhopfs; mike;jd. jj;Jtg;gbg;Gk;> FWl;[t P ; rpe;jidfSk;> R+gpthrfq;fSk;> gplf nkhopfSk; kz;bf;fple;j mtu; %isiar; Rthkpfs; Fog;G Fog;ngdf; Fog;gpf; fyf;fpj; njspaitj;jhu;. mtu; mfj;Nj Mog;gjpe;jpUe;j mfe;ij Ks;isr; Rthkpfs; ,d;Ndhu; $upa Ks;spdhNyNa vLj;njwpe;jhu;. mjd; nghUl;Lr; nry;yg;gu; jkf;Fr;nra;j Qhditj;jpa KiwapidNa Rthkpfs; ifahz; l du; . xU re; j u; g ; g j; j pNy fhynddf; fWj; J r; rP w pa RthkpfsJ Fj; J nkhopiag; ngw; W f; n fhzhj mtu; nfhl;biytpl;L ntspNawpr; nrd;whu;. tPjpapy; tpiue;J nry;Yk; mtiu kjpy; Nky; jiyia

ïªJ xË

jfty;: rptnjhz;ld; rig 10

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

“jk; g p te; J jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹ tpl;lhah th” vdr; Rthkpfs; mutizj;jhu;.

Rthkpfs; gjpdhd;F Mz; L fSf; F 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ Kd; d Nu xU jlit jk; Qhdg; G jy; t u; jk; i kj; juprpf; f te; j NghJ jpUf;fuj;jhw;nwhl;L ‘jk;gp ey;yhapUg;gha; Ngha; th” vd;W ey;thf;F mUspapUe;jhu;. ,g;nghOJ jUzk; te;jJk; tutioj;Jf; nfhz;lhu;. Rthkpfs; J}z;by; Nghl;l tifaha; ,Ue;jhu;. rpytUlq;fs; mq;Fkpq;Fkhf Ml;b miyj;Jj; jFe;j jUzk; te;jJk; mfg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhu;. jhk; mfg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;l “rptnjhz;ld; epiyaj; J f; F ey; y Mis”epiyaj; j pNy Fbaku;j;jpdhu;. ehd;ife;J Mz;Lfs; fLikahd jt tho;f;ifia tpjpj;jhu;. jk;ikr; nry;yg;gu; tsu;jn ; jLj;j tz;zNk jhKk; nry;yj;Jiuahiur; rJu;tpj cghaj;jhYk; tsu;j;jhu;. jkf;F Qhd tpj;ijapd; El;gq;fis nay;yhk; nry;y g; g u; gapw; w paJ NghyNt jhKk; cghj; j pahUf; F (Rthkpfs; ,t; t hWjhd; mtiu mioj; j du; ) vy;yhk; gapw;wpdhu;. jhk; md;gu;fisf; nfhz;L nkhopngau;j;njLj;j ‘Fz;lypdprf;jp’ vd;Dk; E} iy mtuplk; ‘,J cdf;F ehd; jUk; nghf;fprk;’ vdr; nrhy;ypf; nfhLj;jhu;. cghj;jpahu; Cl;Nwht; vOjpa Serpent Power vd;Dk; %y E}iyAk; thq;fpf; fw;Wr; rhjid gapd;whu;. rhjid gapYk; fhyj;jpy; “Nahfnewp” vDk; ghliyAk; Rthkpfs; vOjpf; nfhLj;jhu;. Fz;lypdp VWjw;F Neu;ej ; jiliaAk; ePf;fp ehrp Nehf;if tpopf;fr; nra;J eldKk; fhl;b itj;jhu;. ‘flTis vq;Fk; fz;Lfspg;ghu;’ vDk; ghliyr; nrhy;yp vOJkhW $wp mtUf;F Ntz;Lk; jpahd rhjid> gf;jpnewp>fUkNahfk; vy;yhtw;iwAk; njspTgLj;jpdhu;. khu;f;fz;L RthkpfSf;Fr; Rthkpfs; fhl;ba Fwp rjhepl;il> cghj;jpahauhd nry;yj;Jiu RthkpfSf;Ff; fhl;ba FwpNah rfr];jp. mjhtJ epl;ilapy; epiyj; j tz; z Nk cyifAk; ghu; j ; j pUj; j y; . ”Rk;kh jpahdj;jpy; mlq;fpapUg;gjdhnyd;d gad;? vd;Wk; vt;tplj;Jk; jd;id kwf;fhkypUf;Fk; rfrjpepiyapy; ngwNtz; L k; ” vd mtUf; F cgNjrpj;jhu;. rptnjhz;ld; epiyaj;jpYiwe;J gzpnra;a Ntz; b atuhjyhy; ,t; t z; z k; epl; i lAk; > rhf;fpuijAk; xUq;Nf mtUf;F Ntz;bapUe;jd NghYk; ! ,t; t z; z nky; y hk; gapw; w pa gpd;

nry;yj;Jiu Rthkpfs; “rz;ilapLk;NghJk; rypahd; - mud; jd;dpiyapNy rw;Wk; gpupahd;”

nr

y;yj;Jiu Rthkpfs; rptnjhz;ld; epiyaq;fspy; ciwe;J "re;jjk; Nkhdepiy jtwhkNy" rjh rptnjhz;L Guptjpy; tpopg;ghapUe;j xU rptnjhz;ldhthu;. mtu; irthrhurPyj;jpy; jbj;jtu;fs; thOk; R+oypNy gpwe; J tsu; e ; j hu; . ,sikapNyNa xOf;fj;ij capupDk; Nkyhf Xk;Gk; gz;ghL mtUf; F g; gof; f khapw; W . mtu; jkf; F g; nghUe;jpa cghj;jpaha cj;jpNahfj;ij tzf;fk; kzf;FkhW Gupe;jhu;. MapDk; mtu;jk; me;juq;fk; flTisf; fz;L fspg;gjpNyNa FwpahapUe;jJ. mjdhy; ,yq; i fapd; njd; K idapNyAs; s ghlrhiynahd;wpy; gzpGupa Neu;e;jnghOJ> thu ,Wjp ehs;fisf; fjpu;fhkj;jhidj; juprpf;Fk; Gz;zpa ehs;fshf;fpf; nfhz;lhu;. ghlrhiyj; jtiz tpLKiwfspy; xd; W fjpu; f hkj; jtkhfTk;> ,d;ndhd;W nry;tr;re;epjp thrkhfTk;> kw;n whd; W ,e;j paj; j pUj; j y ahj; j piuahfTk; mike;jJ. rptnjhz;ld; epiyaj;Js; EioAk; tiu ,e;epakk; jtwhky; epfo;e;jJ. ,e;jpa ahj;jpiuapNy rpjk;guKk; jpUtz;zhkiyAk; Kf; f pa ikaq; f shapd. mz; z hkiyapNy ukzhr;rpukj;jpy; ciwe;J Mr;rpuk eilKiwfis eae;jJld; ukzkfup~pfsJ mUs;Nehf;Ff;F Ml; g l; L mtu; re; e pjhdj; j py; ,Uf; F k; N ghJ milAk; rhe;j Rfj;ijAk; mDgtpj;jhu;. ,e;jpa ahj;jpiuapd;NghJ mUiztbNtY Kjypahu;> tr;rpuNtY Kjypahu; Kjyha Ez;khz; Eio GyKilNahupd; el;G tha;j;jJld; rkarhj;jpu E}y; f s; gytw; i wAk; thq; f pr; Nrfupj; j hu; . mtu; ,yq;if kPOk;NghJ mUl;gpurhjj;JlDk;> E}w; RikAlDNk te;J Nru;e;jhu;. mtu; 1954 Mk; Mz;L Mdp cj;ju juprdj;jpd; nghUl;L ahj;jpiu nrd;wNghJ (mg;NghJ gfthd; ukzu; rkhjpahfp ehd;F tUlq;fshfpapUe;jJ) mtUf;F xU FUguDld; $bthoNtz; L nkd; w jhfk; ngUtplhahapw;W. mtu; mfk; ifiyj;jpiria Nehf;fpw;W. ,kar;rhuypNy MNuDk; Xu; ,Ub jd;id MjupjJ ; f; nfhs;thu;. mtuJ fhybapypUf;fyhk; vd;w vz;zj;NjhL Nfjhuj;ijr; Nru;ej ; hu;. Nfjhuj;jpNy Rthkpfs; epju;rdkhfj; Njhd;wp tPl;Lf;F tpiue;J th (Come home immediately) vd;W mioj;jhu;. fwitapd; xypNfl; l fd; W Nghy; tpiue; J te;J nfhOk;Gj;Jiwf; nfhl;biyr; Nru;e;jNghJ ïªJ xË

11

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

ntspapLtjpy; mtu; RthkpfsJ mZf; f j; njhz;lu;fSld; Nru;e;J cioj;jhu;. ’vq;fs; Mrhd; mUs; nkhopfs;’ ntspapl;ljpy; mtu;gq;F msg;gupJ. RthkpfsJ mZf;fj; njhz;lu;fspd; Fwpg;Gg; Gj;jfj;jpypUe;j mtw;iwr; Nrfupj;jJld; ngUk;ghYk; Ngr;NrhL Ngr;rhfr; Rthkpfs; nrhd;d mt; t Kj nkhopfisr; RthkpfsJ vOj; J eil vt; t hwpUf; F Nkh mt; t hwhd eilapy; mikj;njLj;jJ mtu; jk; mUk;gzpNa. ,j;jpU E}y; f Sld; md; g u; f sJ Qhdrhjidf; F cfe;jnjdr; Rthkpfs; fUjpj; jk; gotbahu;fisf; nfhz;L ntspapl;l jpahdfhyk;> tpNtfR+lhkzp Mfpa E}y;fis mupa gjpg;GiufSld; kWgjpg;Gr; nra;jhu;. ngUkhdJ Ml;nfhs;Sk; tz;zj;ij moFwr;nrhy;Yk; jpUthrfj;ij Ez;nghUSld; ntspapl; l hu; . vtu; f ; F k; rkahrhuj; i jAk; > rptQhdj; i jAk; xUq; N f Gfl; L k; njhz; l u; rPu;guTk; ngupaGuhzj;ij nrk;ikahd trd eilapy; ntspapl;lhu;. Rthkpfis ngUksT cs;sthNw fhl;lty;y rupj E}nyhd;iw vOjp mspj;jJld; Guhzkz;lgq;fspy; mtiuj; jq;fg; nghk;ikahfg; gpujpl;il nra;J itj;jJk; mtu;jk; mUk;gzpNa. ,t;thwhf mtu; nra;j rptnjhz;L FUgPlnkhd;wpNy gukhrhupahuha; tPww ; pUf;Fk; xUtu; nra;Ak; ,iwgzpia epfu;j;jjha; ,Ue;jJ. nry;yj;JiuRthkpfs; miuE}w;whz;L fhyk; Mw;wpa rptnjhz;bNy miuthrpf;fhyk; aho;rptnjhz;ld; epiyaj;jpYk;> kPjp miuthrpf;fhyk; kl; l f; f sg; G rptnjhz; l d; epiyaj; j pYk; mike;jJ. mtu;jk; jpUtbf; fyg;Gk; rptnjhz;ld; epiyaj;jpNyNa epfo;e;jJ. nry;yg;gh Rthkpfs; tpru;fN ; fhyj;ijr; nrk;ik ahf ebj;jhu;. Nahf Rthkpfs; jhk; vy;NyhiuAk; Nghd;w xUtd; vd;Dk; Nghu;itiar; nrk;ikahfg; Nghu;jj ; papUe;jhu;. nry;yj;JiuRthkpfs; nghWg;ghd Ms; vd; D k; Nghu; i tf; F s; kiwe; j pUe; j mEG+jpr;nry;tu;.

Rthkpfs; rptnjhz; l d; epiyaj;jpy; ciwe;j xU ehs; mtUf;F mEG+jpr; nry;tijAk; mUspr; nra;jdu;. nry;yj;Jiu Rthkpfs; Vwf;Fiwa miu 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ E}w;whz;L fhyk; rptnjhz; l d; epiyag; nghWg; ghsuhf mku;e;J rptnjhz;L Gupe;jhu;. mtu; > Rthkpfs; rptnjhz; l d; epiyaj; i j epWtpajd; Nehf;fk;> ,e;Nehf;fj;jpw;fpiaa Vw;ghL nra;j epakq;fs;> ,e;epakq;fis mEl;bj;jw;fhf tpjpj; j fz; b g; g hd eilKiwfs; vd; g d gw; w pj; njspe; j tpsf; f KilatuhapUe; j hu; . mEG+jpr; nry;tKk;> QhdE}w;gapw;rpAk; Mr;rpuk eilKiwfs; gw;wpa mwpTk;> itupj;j xOf;fKk; Mjpa ,itfs; mtu;jk; gzpapidr; nrk;ikahfr; nra;a cjtpd. rpt njhz;ld; epiyankDk; jtrhiyapNy jd; i d awpaj; jtkpaw; w tUthu;f;F Ntz;Ltd nty;yhtw;iwAk; Fiw tpyh epiwtha; itj;jpUg; gjpy; mtu; kpf tpopg;gh apUe;jhu;. mtu;fsJ jtj;Jf;F ,ilA+W VJk; Vw;glhjthW ghu;fF ; k; flikapy; gupe;Njh gae;Njh jtwpajpy;iy. mtuJ ghu;it jpUtb Kjy; fopg;giw tiu tpahgpj;jpUe;jJ. mtu; mku;ej ; pUe;j ,Ug;G mj;jidf;Fk; tha;g;ghdjhf ,Ue;jJ. ,t;thw;why; rptnjhz;lDf;Fupa jdpj;Jtkhd kunghd;iw mtu; Vw;gLj;jpdhu;. ,jdhNyjhd; mtiur; rptnjhz;ld; nry;yj;JiuRthkp vd mwpe;Njhu; $wpdu;. nry;yj;Jiu Rthkpfs; jd;id cs;stz;zk; mwpar;nra;j RthkpfSf;Fr; nra;Ak; ifk;kh nwhd;Wsnjdpy; mJ Rthkpfis cs;s tz;zk; cyfwpar; nra; t Nj vdj; Jzpe; j pUe; j hu; . ,j;JzpgpdhNy RthkpfsJ jpUtha;nkhopfs; nrk; i kahd E}YUg; ngWtjpy; tpopg; G ld; nraw;gl;lhu;. ‘ew;rpe;jid’ iar; nrk;ikahf

jfty;: rptnjhz;ld; rig njhlh; g hd tp~aq; f is mwpe; J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gjpy; ngU tpUg; G ilatuhf ,Ue; j hh; . ,jd; fhuzkhf 1930 Mk; Mz; L 23 MtJ tajpy; ,e;jpag; gpuahzj;ij Nkw;nfhz;lhh;. ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s gy jyq; f Sf; F k; ahj; j piu nra; j hh; . gy QhdpfisAk; FUkhh;fisAk; re; j pj; J jhprpf; f f; $ ba tha; g ; G ,tUf;F fpilj;jJ. ,e;jpahtpy; gy

N[h;kd; Rthkpfs;

Nah

fh; Rthkpfspd; mUs; ngw;w QhdpfSs; xUtuhfg; Nghw;wg;gLk; N[h;kd; Rthkpfs; 1907 Mk; Mz;by; N[h;kdpa ehl;by; gpwe;jhh;. ,tuJ ,aw;ngah; gPw;wh; vd;gjhFk;. ,th; ,sk; tajpNyNa Md;kPf jhfk; nfhz;ltuhf tpsq;fpdhh;. ,e;J kjk; ïªJ xË

12

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

‘‘Rk;kh ,U’’vd;w Ntj jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹ thf;fpaj;ij mUspdhh;. me;j Kjpath;jhd; aho;gg ; hzj;J khKdptuhd Nahfh; Rthkpfs;. ,tUf;Fk; N[h; k d; RthkpfSf; F k; ,ilapyhd Kjy; re;jpg;G 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ ,Jjhd;. gy Mz;Lfshf jhd; Njba FUit ngw;Wf; nfhz;l jpUg;jpAld; Nahfh; Rthkpfs; mtUf;F mUspa ‘‘Rk;kh ,U’’ vd;w Ntj thf;fpaj;jpy; jpioj;J tho;e;jhh; N[h;kd; Rthkpfs;. Rk;kh ,U vd;w thf;fpaj;ij jdJ ifapy; gr;ir Fj;jp mjd; %yk; Mj;k jpUg;jpaile;jhh;.

Nahfh; Rthkpfshy; mUsg; ngw;w ‘‘Rk;kh ,U" vd;w thrfj;jpd; mh;j;jj;jpid gy rpj;jh;fspdJ Ehy;fis thrpj;J Muha;e;J ntspg;gLj;Jtjpy; N[h;kd; Rthkpfs; nghpJk; <Lgl;L mjidj; jk; tho;ehs; Nritahff; nfhz;bUe;jhh;.

N[h;kd; Rthkpfs; fjph;fhkj; jpUj;jyj;jpd; kPJ <h;gG ; f; nfhz;L gy Mz;Lfs; fjph;fhkj;jpYk; jq;fpapUe;Js;shh;. mjd; gpd; jdJ tho;ehspd; ,Wjpf;fhyj;jpy; njhz;ilkhdhW nry;tr;re;epjp Mya Rw;whlypy; Mr;rpukk; mikj;J tho;e;J te; j hh; . mt; N tisapy; fjph; f hkj; J f; F ghj ahj;jpiu Nkw; nfhz;L te;Js;shh;. ,th; 1984 Mk; Mz;L Nk khjk; Kjyhk; jpfjpad;W kfh rkhjp epiyaile;jhh;.

,lq;fSf;Fr; nrd;wpUe;Jk; gyiu re;jpj;jpUe;Jk; jpUg; j pailahj gP w ; w h; gpd; d h; ,yq; i fia te; j ile; j hh; . Muk; g j; j py; njd; d pyq; i fapy; tho;eJ ; te;j N[h;kdpa ehl;ilr; Nrh;ej ; Gj;j FU xUtUld; ,ize;J nfhz;L ngsj;j kjj;ij gw;wpa tpaq;fisf; fw;Wf; nfhz;lhh;.

N[h;kdpa ehl;ilr; Nrh;e;j gPw;wh; ngsj;j rkaj;ijg; gw;wp fw;wwpe;j NghjpYk; mjpYk; jpUg;jpailahj epiyapy; kPzL ; k; ,e;J rkaj;ij ehbdhh;.,e;j Ntisapy; ,yq;ifapy; ,Ue;J nfhz;Nl gy jlitfs; ,e;jpa ahj;jpiuia Nkw;nfhz;L te;jhh;. mg;NghJ tl ,e;jpahtpy; ,e;J rka FU gPlk; xd;wpdhy; gPw;wUf;F nfshpghyh fphp vd;Dk; jPl;rh ehkk; toq;fg;gl;lJ. Md;kPf hPjpahf xU cah; epiyia ngw;Wf; nfhz;l N[h;kdpauhd gPww ; h; vdg;gLk; nfshpghyh fphp mth;fis kf;fs; N[h;kd; Rthkpfs; vd miof;fyhapdh;. ,e;j epiyapYk; xU FUit mile; J mth; top nry; y Ntz; L k; vd; W mtUf;F Vw;gl;l Md;kf P j; jhfk; jPutpy;iy. ,th; tpUk;gpaJ NghyNt mtuJ Qhd tho;f;ifapy; nghpanjhU khw;wj;jpid Vw;gLj;jpa epfo;T aho;g;ghzj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;wJ. xUehs; aho; g ; g hzk; =yq; f h Gj; j f rhiyapy; N[h;kd; Rthkpfs; Ehy;fisg; Gul;bg; ghhj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhh;. mg;NghJ mth; gpd;dhy; epd;wpUe;j eiuj;j ril KbAk; jhbAk; nfhz;l Kjpath; xUth; N[h;kd; Rthkpfspd; ifapypUe;j E}y; f isg; gwpj; n jLj; J ‘‘ml Kl; l hNs !eP NjLk; tplak; Gj;jfj;jpy; ,y;iy.’’vdf; $wp

jfty;: jpUkjp tpkyh fpU\;zgps;is fyhNahfp Mde;jFkhurhkp mth;fsJ Ehy; f is thrpj; J mtw; w pYs; s tp~aq;fisAk; Mokhff; fw;wwpe;J nfhz;lhh;. tpd; r h; 1950Mk; Mz; b y; Kjd; Kjyhf ,yq;iff;F tp[ak; Nkw; n fhz; l hh; . mg; N ghJ fjph; f hkk; nrd;wNghJ mq;F jq;fpapUe;j N[h;kd; Rthkpfs; vd miof;fg;gl;l Rthkp nfshpghyh mth;fis re;jpj;jhh;.N[h;kd; RthkpfSld; jq;fpapUe;J mtUf;F gzptpil nra;J te;j %jhl;b xUth; tpd;riu md;Gld; 'Fl; b " vd mioj; J te; j hh; . fhyg; N ghf; f py; ,g;ngah; khw;wkile;J 'ehpf;Fl;b Rthkp" vd vy;NyhuhYk; miof;fg;glyhapw;W. ehpf;Fl;b Rthkpfs; fjph;fhkj;jpy; jq; f papUe; j Ntisapy; N[h; k d; Rthkpfs; Clhf Nahfh;Rthkpfisg;gw;wp mwpe;J nfhz;lhh;. mT];jpNuypahtpypUe;J jdJ FLk;gj;jpdUldhd

ehpf;Fl;b Rthkpfs;

Nahfh;

Rthkpfspd; mUs;ngw;w Qhdpfs; thpirapy; ,d;ndhUth;jhd; ehpf;Fl;b Rthkpfs;. 1930Mk; Mz;L Mf]; l ; khjj; j py; mT]; j pNuypah ehl;by; gpwe;j ,tuJ ,aw;ngah; thp xtd; tpd; r h; (Varry Owen Winsor) rpWtajpNyNa jhahiu ,oe;J tho; e ; j ikahy; tho; f ; i fapd; epiyapy; y hj jd;ikiag; gw;wp Mo;e;J rpe;jpf;fj; njhlq;fpdhh;. ,th; gj; n jhd; g J taJ ,isQuhf ,Ue; j Ntisapy; fl; b lf; fiyj; J iwg; gbg; i g Nkw;nfhz;lhh;. mg;NghJ tpd;rhpd; Mrphpauhf ,Ue;j xUth; Ntjhe;j jj;Jt cz;ik fisAk; fPioj;Nja fyhrhu eilKiwfs; gw;wpAk; ,tUf;F Nghjpj;J te;jhh;. mNjNtisapy; ,yq;ifapd; NguwpQuhd ïªJ xË

13

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

g+h; t Pfj; njhlh; G fis Kw;whfj; Jz;bj;Jf; nfhz;l epiyapy; xUehs; Nahfh; Rthkpfis jhprpg;gjw;fhf aho;g;ghzk; te;J Nrh;e;jhh;.

Nahfh; Rthkpfs; 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ ,tiu re;jpf;fhj epiyapy; NghFk;gb nrhy;yptpl;lhh;.,t;thW gy jlitfs; ,tiuf; fiyj;jNghJk; mbf;fb Nahfh; Rthkpfs; mUNf te;J mtiu jhprpj;J te;jhh;.Nahfh; Rthkpfspd; Nghjidfspy; %o; f pa ehpf; F l; b Rthkpfs; jphpfuzRj;jpia NgzpaNjhL Nahfh; Rthkpfs; Nghjpj; j nksd epiyiaf; ifahz; l hh; . jkpo;nkhopia Mokhfg; gbj;j ehpf;Fl;b Rthkpfs;

mjpy; ghz;bj;jpaKk; ngw;whh;.Nahfh; Rthkpfis jdJ FUthfTk; ngw;Wf;nfhz;lhh;. jdJ FUehjuhd Nahfh; Rthkpfs; kfh rkhjpaile;j gpd;dUk; rpy fhyk; ,yq;ifapy; tho;e;j ehpf;Fl;b Rthkpfs; 1966Mk; Mz;L ,e;jpah nrd;W mq;Fs;s Gz;zpa jyq;fSf;F ghjahj; j piu Nkw; n fhz; L te; j hh; . ,Wjpahf jpUtz;zhkiyahy; <h;f;fg;gl;l mth; 1970Mk; Mz;L jpUtz;zhkiyapy; jdJ trpg;gplj;ij mikj;Jf; nfhz;lhh;. jpUtz;zhkiyapypUe;J jdJ jttho;f;ifia Nkw;nfhz;L te;j ehpf;Fl;b Rthkpfs; 1994Mk; Mz;L nrg;lk;gh; khjj;jpy; kfh rkhjpahdhh;.

jfty;: jpUkjp tpkyh fpU\;zgps;is

re;jpughyh Rthkpfs;

ehL jpUk; g pa ,th; re; j pughyh Rthkpfshfg; Nghw; w g; g l; l hh; . njd; mnkhpf;fhtpd; ntdp];Ntyh efuj;jpy; jiyikafj;ijf; nfhz;l xU Qhd ,af; f j; j pid re; j pughyh Rthkpfs; njhlf; f p itj; J s; s hh; . rh; t kfh rNfhjuj;Jtk; (Universal Great Brotherhood) vd;w ngahpyhd me;j Qhd ,af;fj;jpd; gpujhd epiyaq;fs; njd; mnkhpf;fhtpy; mike;Js;sd. re;jpughyh Rthkpfspd; ngUksT gf; j h; f s; ]; g hdpa nkhop NgRgth;fshf ,Ue;jpUf;fpwhh;fs;. re;jpughyh Rthkpfs; njd; mnkhpf;fh Kjyhd cyf ehLfspy; gy rPlh;fis Njhw;Wtpj;jpUf;fpwhh;. mq;nfy;yhk; r%f NritfSld; Nahfhrdk;> jpahdk; Nghd; w itfspYk; <Lgl; b Ue; j Jld; VidNahiuAk; mjpy; gq;Fnfhs;s itj;jth;. ,jDhlhf kdpj Nkk;ghl;Lf;F nghpJk; cioj;J te;jth;. njd; mnkhpff ; htpYs;s NgU ehl;bd; jiyefuhd ypkhtpy; re;jpughyh Rthkpfspd; gpurhu epiyaq;fs; gy ,aq; f p tUfpd; w d. Nahfh; RthkpfsJ mUs;ngw;w Qhdpahd re;jpughyh Rthkpfs; 1962 Mk; Mz;L bnrk;gh; khjk; 27 Mk; jpfjpad;W kfh rkhjpaile;jhh;. re;jpughyh Rthkpfs; kiwTf;Fg; gpd;dUk; RthkpfsJ rPlh;fs; mtuJ gzpia Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;fpd;wdh;. Rthkpfs; njhlf;fp itj;j Qhd ,af;fk; kw;Wk; Mr;rpukk; vd;gd ntspehLfspy; ,g;NghJk; ,aq;fp tUfpd;wd. ,tw;wpd; Clhf Nahfh; Rthkpfspd; Md;kPfj; jhf;fk; mq;nfy;yhk; gutp ngUk; ntw;wpfis nfhLj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.

ah

o; g ; g hzj; J khKdptuhfg; Nghw;wg;gl;l Nahfh; Rthkpfspd; mUs; ngw;w QhdpfSs; re;jpughyh RthkpfSk; xUtuhth;. ,tuJ ,aw;ngah; fyhepjp Nrh;[pNah Nwdl; Byh nghPuh; (Dr. Sergio Raynaud dela Ferrierr)vd;gjhFk;. ,th; 1916 Mk; Mz;L [dthp khjk; 18 Mk; jpfjp gpuhd;]; ehl;by; gpwe;jhh;. fy;tpawpT Nkk;gl;l FLk;gj;jpy; gpwe;j fyhepjp Nrh;[pNah jdJ nrhe;j ehl;by; gy r%fey ];jhgdq;fis cUthf;fpapUg;gJld; If;fpa ehLfs; rigapd; ClhfTk; gy Nrit epWtdq;fis ];jhgpj;J ngUk; gzp Mw;wpapUf;fpwhh;.

Md;kPf tp~aq;fspy; ehl;lk; nfhz;l fyhepjp Nrh; [ pNah 1950 Mk; Mz; b y; Qhdkhh; f ; f g; gazkhf ,e;jpah nrd;W mq;F ele;j Fk;gNksh epfo;tpy; fye;J nfhz;lhh;. mjidj; njhlh;e;J ,yq;iff;F tUif je;j mth; aho;g;ghzj;Jf;Fk; te;jpUe;jhh;. mg;NghJ ,q;fpUe;j fiyg;Gyth; etuj;jpdk; vd;w gpugy fy;tpkhid re;jpf;f Neh;e;jJ. ,th; jj;JtQhdp fyhepjp Nrh;[pNah mth;fis Nahfh; RthkpfSf;F mwpKfk; nra;J itj;jhh;.

Nahfh; Rthkpfspd; QhNdhgNjrq;fisf; Nfl;l Nrh;[pNah mth;fSf;F Rthkpfs; kPJ gw;Wzh;it Vw;gLj;jpaJ. mJ tho;f;ifapy; xU khw;wj;ij Njhw;Wtpg;gjw;Fk; fhuzkhf mike;J tpl;lJ. mth; cyf tho;fi ; fia Jwe;J nja;tf P g; gzpahsuhdhh;. me;j gpuhd;rpa jj;Jt Qhdpf;F Nahfh; Rthkpfs; Mrp toq;fp ‘’re;jpughyh’’ vd;w ehkhfuzKk; #l;b itj;jhh;.

ïªJ xË

- hp\p njhz;Lehjd; 14

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

<oj;Jr; rpj;jh;; Nahfh; Rthkpfs;;

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

Mj;kN[hjp Mrphpah; - eh. Kj;ijah 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

vkJ

fhyj;jpNy tho;e;J kiwe;j rpj;j GU~Hfspy; NahfH Rthkpfs; kpfkpf Kf;fpakhdtH. nry; y hr; r pak; i kahhpd; <kf; f phpiafSf; F k; > rilak;khtpd; rkhjpf; f phpiafSf; F k; NahfH Rthkpfs; nghWg; g hf Kd; d pd; W elhj; j p itj;jhHfs;. filapw; Rthkpfspd; rP l Hfspy; xUtH nry;yg;gh Rthkpfs;. ,tuJ xNu xU rPlH NahfH RthkpfshFk;. nry;yg;gh Rthkpfs; cyfj;jpw;Fj; jd;idf;fhl;bf; nfhs;shJ tho;e;J kiwe;JNghd kfhd;. cyfj;NjhH fz;Zf;Fg; igj;jpaf;fhud; Nghd; N w fhl; r p mspj; j hH. mjdhy; cyfk; mtiu tprHr; nry; y g; g h Rthkpfs; vd; N w ngaH #l;b mioj;jJ. nry;yg;gh Rthkpfs; NahfH RthkpfSf;F ehd;F kfhthf;fpaq;fis cgNjrpj;jhH. ,e;j ehd;F kfh thf;fpaq;fSk; rfy rh];jpuq;fspdJk; rhuk; nfhz;lit. Mjypd; ,it kfh thf;fpaq;fs; vd;W miof;fg;gl;ld. mit gpd;tUkhW:

mk; g ythzH k]; n fypah vd; w kiyg; gpuNjrj;jpy; fil xd;W elj;jpte;jhH. NahfehjDila fy;tp tp~aj;ij NahNrg;G ftdpj;J te;jhH. mjdhy; Nahfehjd; khtpl; l Guj; i j tpl; L f; nfhOk; G j; J iwapy; thoNtz;ba #o;epiy cUthdJ. mf;fhyj;jpy; irtg; ghlrhiyfs; kpfkpff; FiwT. mjdhy; Nahfehjdpd; fy;tp fj;Njhypf;f ghlrhiyapNyNa Muk;gkhdJ. ,sikapy; JLf;FilatuhfTk;> Gj;jp Aj;jp cs;stuhfTk; tho;e;J te;jhH. NahfehjDf;F taJ vl;lhapUf;Fk;NghJ jhahH ,we;Jtpl;lhH. rpwpa je;ijahH NahfehjDila fy;tpapy; kpFe;j Cf;fk; fhl;bdhH. Mq;fpyf; fy;tp fw;Fk; nghUl;L rk;gj;jphprpahH fy;Y}hpapy; NrHf;fg;gl;lhH. fy; Y }hpg; gjpNtl; b y; “Nahd; ” vd; w ngaH NahfehjDf;F vOjg;gl;lJ. gfypy; rpwpa jfg;gdhH tP l ; b Yk; > khiyapy; aho; g ; g hzk; fr; N rhpf; F mUfhikapy; cs;s je;ijtop khkpahuhfpa Kj; J g; g ps; i s mtHfSila ,y; y j; J f; F k; Ngha; t pLthHfs; . khkpahH tP l ; b y; “Nahfd; ” vd; W miog; g hHfs; . ghlrhiyapy; fpwp]; J rkaj;ijAk;> khkpahH tPl;by; irtrkaj;ijAk; gbj;J te;jhH. NaRehjhpd; kiyg;gpurq;fk; ,tuJ kdj;ijf; ftHe;jJ. vl; l hk; tFg; G tiu Mq; f pyk; fw; w hH. Nkw;gbg;Gf;Fg; Nghfhj fhuzk; jhapy;yhg; gps;is> jfg;gd; k];nfypahtpy; tpahghuk;. khkpahUf;F Nahfd; fpwp];jt ghlrhiyapy; gbg;gJ tpUg;gk; ,y;iy. Mifahy; gbg;Gf; Fok;gpaJ. mk;gythzH Nahfid miog;gpj;J Njapiyj; Njhl;lk; xd;wpy; Ntiyf;F mkHj;jpdhH. kiyafj;jpd; ,aw;ifr; #o;epiy Nahfdpd; kdijf; ftHe;jJ. xUehs; Nahfehjd; rptndhspghjk; nrd;W #hpad; cjpf;Fk; fhl;rpapidf; fz;L kfpo;eJ ; te;jhH. rptndhspghjk; nrd;W te;j Nahfehjd; ,aw;ifapd; #oypNy jkJ kdijg; gwpnfhLj; J tpl; l hH. mjdhy; jd;ghl;bNyNa Ngrj; njhlq;fpdhH. ,J vy;yhk; cz;ik. vdJ clk;G rptd; nrhj;J. rptDf;Nf mJ nrhe;jk;. mtidNa Njbg;NghNdd;. ,e;j tpghPj vz;zq;fisf; fz;l je;ijahH ,tiu aho;g;ghzj;jpw;Nf mDg;gp itj;jhH.

xU nghy;yhg;G kpy;iyÉ vg;gNth Kbe;j fhhpak;É ehk; mwpNahk;É KOJk; cz;ikÉ

khtpl; l Guk; rhpj; j pug; gpurpj; j p ngw; w NjhH jyk;. khUjg;GutPfty;yp vd;Dk; Nrho murFkhhp Fjpiu Kfk; cilatshfNt gpwe;J tsHe;jhs;. jd;Dila Fjpiu Kfk; ePq;fp kdpjKfk; mika Ntz;Lk; vd;W fUjp Nr~j;jpuhldk; nra;jhs;. fPhpkiy eP&w;wpy; ];ehdk; nra;jNghJ Fjpiu Kfk; ePq;fp kdpjKfk; ngw;whs;. mr;nra;jpia epidt+l;LtNj khtpl;lGuk; vd;w ngaH. ,t;t+hpy; irt Ntshz; Fyj;jpy; mk;gythzH vd; D k; irtg; nghpahH xUtH tho; e ; j hH. ,tuJ jHkgj;jpdp rpd;dhr;rp mk;ikahH vd;W miof; f g; g l; l hH. ,tHfsJ g+Ht Gz; z pa tpNrlj;jpdhy; 29.05.1872 ,y; mtpl;l el;rj;jpuj;jpy; XH Mz; kfT gpwe;jJ. ngw;NwhH ,f;Foe;ijf;F Nahfehjd; vd;W ehkfuzk; #l;bdhH. mk; g ythzhpd; rNfhjuH rpd; i dah vd; g tH nfhOk;Gj;Jiwiar; NrHe;j fj;Njhypf;fg; ngz; xUj; j piaj; jpUkzk; nra; J jkJ ngaiu NahNrg;G vd;W khw;wpf;nfhz;lhH. ïªJ xË

15

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

Ngrhky; nrd;wjw;fhf filf;Fs; mtiuf; fl;bAk; itj;jhuhk;. maytHfs; mLj;j ehNs ed;dpaiuf; filia tpl;Lj; Juj;jptpl;lhHfs;. ,e;jf; fil ntWkNd fple;jgbahy; NahfHRthkpfs; jkJ FUehjidf; fl;bitj;j mNj filf;Fs; epj;jpiu nra;thuhk;. tpbAKd; vOe;J ey;Y}Hg; gf;fkhfr; nrd;W tpLthuhk;. nfhOk;Gj;Jiw tstpy; ,Ue;j filiaj; jpUehTf; f uR vd; g tH jpUj; j p mikj; J f; Fbir xd;W fl;bf;nfhLj;J> Rthkpfis mjpy; jq;FkhW mtUk; mtuJ jhahUk; md;Gld; Ntz;bf;nfhz;lhHfs;. mtHfSila md;Gf;Ff; fl;Lg;gl;l Rthkpfs; g+jTliy tpl;L capH gphpAk;tiu mf; FbirapNyNa tho;eJ ; te;jhHfs;.

Rthkpfis ehb ehs; N jhWk; $l; l k; $lj; njhlq;fpaJ. nrt;tha;> nts;spf;fpoikfspy; ngUq; $l;lk;. jpUKiwfs; ghuhazk; eilngWk;. vy; y hj; juq; f spYk; cs; s kf; f Sk; xd; W $LthHfs; . Md; k P f jhfk; nfhz; l tHfSk; tUthHfs; . jq; f s; ,l; ly; ,ilQ; r y; f isj; jPHj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhfTk; tUthHfs;. Rthkpfisr; Nrhjpj;Jg; ghHg;gtHfSk; tUthHfs;.

RthkpfSk; jk;ik ehb te;jtHfSila cs;sg;ghq;if mwpe;J mtHfSf;Nfw;wtifapy; Gj;jpkjpfs; $WthHfs;. rpyiu VrpAk; Juj;JthHfs;. mijg; nghUl;gLj;jhky; jk;ik NkYk; NkYk; ehb te;jtHfis md;Gld; mizj;J mUSiu toq;FthHfs;. mtHfis VRtjd; %yk; mtHfs; tpidfisr; Rthkpfs; njhiyj;J tpLfpwhH. ,t;Tz;ikia czHe;j mbahHfs; Rthkpfspd; kwkaf; fUizia epidj;J epidj;J Mde;j gh~;ak; nrhhpthHfs;. “vy;NyhUk; xUFyk;; vy;NyhUk; xU ,dk;” vd;gJ Rthkpfs; jk;ik ehb tUgtHfSf;F mbf;fb $Wk; cgNjrkhFk;. “vdf;Fk; cdf;Fk; vd;d tpj;jpahrk;; vy;yhUk; rkk;” vd;W $WthHfs;. “ePAk; kdpjd;; ehDk; kdpjd;. cq;fs; flikiag; Ngha;r; nra;Aq;fs;. ,q;Nf Vd; tUfpwPHfs;? ehq;fs; gpr;irf;fhuHfs;. ehq;fs; Rk;kh ,Uf;fpNwhk;. vq;fisj; njhe;juT nra;ahjPHfs;!” vd;W Vrpf; fiyg;gJk; cz;L. “fHktpidahy; vq;fSf;F ,g;gpwtp te;jJ; ehk; xd;Wk; mwpNahk;> ehk; Vd; ,q;F gpwe;Njhk;? ,g;gpwtpahy; xU nghy;yhg;Gk; ,y;iy; mjdhy; ghjfKk; ,y; i y; gpwg; G tiu ,Ue; j J; te;Jtpl;lJ. ehq;fs; Mj;kyhgj;ij ey;yha;j; Njbf;nfhs;syhk;” vd;W cgNjrk; nra;jhHfs;.

Rthkpfs; vy; y h kj cz; i kfisAk; mwpe;jtHfs;. mtH xU rkurQhdp. mjdhy; vy;yhr; rkaj;jtHfSk; mtiu ehb te;jhHfs;? mtutUf;Nfw;w cgNjrk; fpilj;J te;jJ. Mdhy; Rthkpfs; jd; i d xU rptnjhz; l d; vd; N w $wpf;nfhs;thHfs;. RthkpfSila re;epjpapy; xU rpy epkplq; f s; ,Ue; j hYk; kdr; r he; j p

NahfH Rk;kh ,Uf;f khl;lhH. cj;jpNahfk; Njbj; jphpthH. “cj; j pNahfk; GU~yl;rzk;” vd;W nrhy;Yk; Rthkpfs;> cj;jpNahfk; ghHf;f vz;zpdhH vd;gJ rhyTk; nghUj;jkhdNj. 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ ,uizkLf; Fsf; f l; b l Ntiy eilngw;w fhyk;. mq;F nrd;w NghJ “gpwTz;” vd;w nghwpapayhsH gz;lfrhiyg; ghJfhtyH vd;w cj;jpNahfj;ij , t U f; F m s p j; j hH . “c q;fs; fli k i a kwthjPHfs;” vd;W vy;NyhUf;Fk; cgNjrpj;j Rthkpfs; jkJ flikia kwg;ghuh? NeHikahfTk;> cz;ikahfTk; Ntiy ghHj;jhH. nghwpapayhshplk; xU ed;kjpg;igg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;lhH. Nahfehjd; fpspnehr;rpia tpl;L khtpl;lGuk; jpUk;gpdhH. mtUf;F mg;NghJ taJ 32. je;ijAk; ,we;Jtpl;lhH. jhia vl;L tajpy; ,oe;jhH. je; i jia thypg tajpy; ,oe; j hH. Mdhy; khtpl;lGuk; fe;jd; fUizia ,of;ftpy;iy. fPhpkiyapYk;> khtpl;lGuj;jpYk; khwpkhwp trpj;jhH. fPhpkiyapypUe;J eilapNyNa ey;Y}Uf;F tUthH. Mj;kPf jhfk; Nkypl;l fhyk;; FU xUtiuj;Njb miye; j fhyk; ; gw; W f; N fhlhf ,Ue; j ,U KJFutiuAk; ,oe;jNghJ gw;Wf;NfhL xd;iw ehbdhH. ey;Y}H Njubapy; nry;yg;gh Rthkpfisr; re;jpj;jhH. nry;yg;gh Rthkpfs; ghHit ,tiuf; fhe;jnkdf; ftHe;jJ. FUehjidj; jhprpj;j mEgtpj;ij mtNu $Wfpd;whH.

“fUj;jpy; epide;JUfpf; if$g;Ge; njhz;lH tUj;jnkyhe; jPHf;Fk; tbNty; - jpUj;jyj;jpy; Njubapy; Njrpfidf; fz;L njhprpj;Njd; MulheP vd;whd; mtd;” tprHr; nry;yg;gh vd;W kf;fshy; Vrg;gl;l nry;yg;gh Rthkpfisr; #o xU $l;lk; $lj; njhlq;fp ,Ue;j fhyk;. nry;yg;gh Rthkpapd; mhpa rPlHfs; fjpuNtYr;rhkpAk;> NahfehjDk; MtH. ngUk;ghYk; %tUk; xd;W$bj; jphptH; rz;il NghLtH>rikay; nra;tH. rikay; KbAk; rkaj;jpy; rl;b ghidia cilg;gH. ,r;nraiyf; fz;lhy; ahHjhd; ,tHfisg; igj;jpak; vd;W $wkhl;lhHfs;? nfhOk;Gj;Jiwapy; rpw;wk;gyk; rk;ge;jH vd;Dk; xU irtg;nghpahH tstpy; Nwhl;Lg; gf;fkhf xU ,Yg;ig kuk;. ,e;j ,Yg;ig kuj;jpd; fPNojhd; NahfH RthkpfSila mUe;jtk; eilngw;wJ. ,e; j ,Yg; i g kuj; j pw; F mUfpy; mhpahiy ed;dpaH vd;gtH xU fil fl;b> tpahghuk; nra;Jte;jhH. ed;dpaUf;F ,e;jr; Rthkpkhiuf; fz;lhy; gpbf;fhjhk;. ed;dpaH ey;Y}H nry;yg;gh Rthkpia xUehs; epe;jpj;jhuhk;. mtH xd;WNk ïªJ xË

16

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

Vw; g Ltij ahUk; czuyhk; . ve; j NeuKk; rhe; j p miyfisNa tP r pf; n fhz; b Ue; j hu; f s; .

Rthkpfisr; #o ve;j Neuj;jpYk; xU Mj;kPf miy tPrpf;nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk;. me;j Mj;;kPf miyf;Fs; ,Ue;J Mde;jk; ngwj; jk;ikj; jFjpahf; f pf; nfhz; l tu; f s; ehl; f zf; f hf czitAk;> Neuj;ijAk;> jhfj;ijAk; kwe;J jpahdj;jpy; <Lgl;bUg;gu;. mg;gbg;gl;l kNdhgf;Ftk; mw;wtu;fshy; Ie;J epkpl Neue;jhDk; mq;F ,Uf;f Kbtjpy;iy. mj;jifNahupd; gugug;ig czu;ej ; Rthkpfs; “te;J ntF Neukhfp tpl;lJ. Xbg;Ngha; cq;fs; flikfisf; ftdpAq;fs;” vd;W $wp mtu;fisg; Nghfr; nra;J tpLthu;fs;. “kdpjd; xbf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;whd;. vg;NghjhtJ ,tDila Xl;lk; XANkh” vd;W $Wthu;fs;. “c y f n k y ; y h k ; , i w t d ; r e ; e p j h d k ; > cynfy;yhk; ,iwtd; re;jpjhdk;” vd;W mbf;fb $Wthu;fs;. ,jid czuhjth;fs; flTisj; Njbj;Njb miyfpwhu;fs;. flTis mwpaNtz;Lk; vd;W ftiyg;gLgtu;fs; ,y;iy. mtu;fSila ftiy vy;yhk; epiyapy;yhj nghUs;fisg; gw;wpadthfNt ,Uf;fpwJ. “flTs; cq;fis tsHf;fpwhH; ePq;fs; flTis tsUq;fs;” vd;W nrhy;yptpl;Lg; ngupjhfr; rpupg;ghu;fs;.

Rthkpfs; xU rkur Qhdp. irtrpj;jhe;j> Ntjhe;j rz;ilfs;> irt> it~;zt rz;ilfs;. fpwp]; j t ngsj; j ,]; ] hkpa rz; i lfs; RthkpfSf;Fg; gpbf;fhjit. Rthkpfs; ,itfs; vy;yhtw;Wf;Fk; mg;ghw;gl;lth;. “rptNghjk; eP vd;Wk;> mt;twpTf;F mwpT nra;gtd; rr;rpjhde;j nrh&gpahfpa rptk; vd;Wk; me;jr; rptnrh&gj;ijr; rpe;jpj;Jr; rpe;jdhjPjj;ij mile;J> rptNghj kw;WQ; rptkhjNy Kj;jp” vd;Wk; $Wk; irtrpj;jhe;jk;. Ntjhe;jNkh vdpy; “rptNghjk; eP md;nwdj; js;spr; rptNghj rhl;rp eP vd;Wk;> mwpe;J epd; epr nrh&gkhfpa gpuk nrh&gkhapUe;jNy Kj;jp vd;Wk; $Wk;”. “rptNghj xoptpNyNa ,d;gk; cjpg;gJ vd;gJk; ,d;ghjPj Kj;jp vd;gJk; ,U rhuhUf;Fk; xj;j KbT. Ntjhe;j> rpj;jhe;j rkurk; ,JNtahFk;. “rh;tk; gpukkak;” vd;gJ Ntjhe;jk;. “rh;tk; gpukkak; ”. vd; d py; ,q; F vd; d nghy; y hg; G epfof;$Lk;. Mjyhy; xU nghy;yhg;Gk; ,y;iy. eP md; W k; ,d; W k; ghpG+uz rr; r pjhde; j nrh&gpaha; ,Ue;jpUf;fpwha;. Mjyhy; eP Gjpjhfg; G+uzj;Jtj;ij milag;Nghtjpy;iy. eP vd;Wk; G+uzd;. cd; g+uzj;Jtk; vg;gNth Kbe;j fhupak;. mg;gb cs;s fhupak;> gpukk; rpe;jid ,we;jJ – rpe;jdhjPgk; - ehk; mwpNahk;. midj;Jk; rj;jha; ,Ug;gjdhy; KOJk; cz;ik. midj;Jk; Mde;jkakhjypd; vq;Fk; ghpG+uz Mde;jk;.

RthkpfSila cgNjrq;fis vy;yhUf;Fk; gug;g Ntz;Lk; vd;W mbahh; $l;lk; tpUk;gpaJ. ïªJ xË

Rthkpfsplk; khj ntspaPL jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹ xd;W ntspapLtJ gw;wp mbahHfs; tpz;zg; gpj; j hHfs; . RthkpfSk; mjw;fpire;J ehk; vy;NyhUk; rptnjhz;lh;fs;; ehk; nra;tJ rptnjhz;L. 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ MfNt vkJ ntspaPLk; “r p t n j h z ; l d ; ” M f ,Uf;fl;Lk; vd;whh;fs;. 1935 Mk; Mz;L khu;fop khjk; KjyhtJ ,johfpa rptnjhz;ld; jpU. f. fp. eluhrd; mth;fis Mrphpauhff; nfhz;L ntspte;jJ. rptnjhz;lDf;F epiyak; xd;W fhq;Nfrd;Jiw tPjpapy; 04.11.1953 ,y; cUthdJ. me;j epiyaj;jpd; Nky;khbapypUf;Fk; jpahd kz;lgj;jpy; RthkpfSila Mj;kPf miyia ,d;Wk; mDgtpf;fyhk;. tpNtfhde;j Rthkpfs; mnkhpf;fhtpy; Mw;wpa nrhw; n ghoptpy; kjk; ; vd; g J gw; w p ,uj; j pdr; RUf; f khff; $wpAs; s hH. me; j ,yf; f zk; RthkpfSf;F kpfg; gpbj;jkhd gFjpahFk;. mjd; nkhop ngah;g;G gpd;tUkhW:“cyfj; j pYs; s kw; n we; j t]; J tpYk; kjk; vd; g J cz; i kahfTk; > njspthfTk; > cWjpahfTk; gpwh;f;Ff; nfhLj;jYk; $Lk;. ngWjYk; $Lk;. MfNt Kjypy; Mj;kQhdpahf Ntz;Lk;. Nfhapy; fl;LtJ> njhOif ,lq;fs; epHkhzpg;gJ> nghJ topghL vd;W ,d;ditfspNy kjk; jq;fpapUf;ftpy;iy. mJ Gj;jfq;fspYk; fhzg;glkhl;lhJ. kjk; vd;gJ Mj;khDG+jpNa MFk;".

Rthkpfs; jkJ mbahh;fs; vq;nfq;F ,Ue;jhh;fNsh mq;fq;nfy;yhk; nry;Ythh;. ahUf;Fk; mwptpj;jy; nfhLf;fkhl;lhH. ,Ue;jhw;Nghy; xU mbatUila tPl;by; Njhd;WthH. Nfs;tpAw;w mbath; f s; vy; y hUk; mq; F te; J $Lth; . mth;fSf;nfy;yhk; ey;YgNjrk; fpilf;Fk;. rpy rkak; fz;%br; rptNahfj;jpNy Mo;e;J tpLthH. md;gh;fSk; jpahdj;jpy; %o;fp Mde;jk; ngWtH. ,uz;L tUl fhyk; Rthkpfs; nfhOk;Gj;Jiw Mr;rpukj;ijtpl;L vq;Fk; nrd;wjpy;iy. Rthkpfs; G+jTliy ve;j Neuj;jpYk; cjwpj; js;syhk; vd;W mbahHfs; vjpH ghHj;jdh;. mjw;Fhpa fhyKk; neUq;fpaJ. 24.03.1964 nrt;tha;fpoik mjpfhiy Mapypa el; r j; j puj; j py; Rthkpfs; kfhrkhjp mile;jhHfs;. RthkpfSila FUG+ir Mapypa el;rj;jpuj;jpy; ntF rpwg;ghff; nfhz;lhlg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. “vt;TapUk; ngUkhd; Kd;dpiynad;W fUiznra; flTs; cs;Sk; GwKk; cs;shH”

- Nahfh; Rthkpfs; 17

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

rpj;j Nahf Rthkpfs; (Nguhrphpah; m. r. Qhdrk;ge;jd;> jkpo;ehL> ,e;jpah

50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

ïªJ xË

18

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

ïªJ xË

19

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

ïªJ xË

20

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

ïªJ xË

21

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

ïªJ xË

22

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jpUepd;wpaf;fpa rptnjhz;lh; (fyhepjp> ftpQh;. tp. fe;jtdk;)

fhrpapypUe;J vOjpa fbjk;

Njbj; j phpe; J fhrpf; F te; J fz; N ld; tpRtehjid vd; D s; . thbj; j pUe; J tUe; j Ntz; l hk; . Njba g+L fhYf; F s; N s vd; w njtpl; l h thrf nkhd; W z; L . ,t; t plj; j pYk; kdpjh;fnsy;yhk; vq;fisg; NghNy jhdpUf;fpwhh;fs;. Ehjdkhd fhuznkhd;Wk; g+jykP j pypy; y Nt ,y; i y. ,Ue; j >,Uf; f pw> ,Uf; F k; aho; g ; g hzj; j hnuy; y hUf; F khff; fUkhjpfnsy;yhQ; nra;J Kbe;J tpll; d. ,dpNky; cq; f Sf; f piae; j gb md; g hf cyfpy; ele; J Mz;ltd; mbf;fPo; mkh;e;J tho;f.

(30.11.40) ïªJ xË

23

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

aho;g;ghzj;J Nahfh; Rthkpfs; nja;tj;jpUkfs; fyhepjp jq;fk;kh mg;ghf;Fl;b> 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

ïªJ xË

24

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

vy;yhk; mtd; nray; Mz; l tidad; w p NtnwhU nghUS kpy;iy. midj;Jk; mtd; nray;. cdJ Rik KOtijAe; jpUtbf; fPo; ,wf;fp itj;J ,isg; g hW. ftiyf; f plq; n fhlhNj.ehd; nra;Njd; mtd; nra;jhndd;W eypahNj! tpopj;jpU. - Nahfh; Rthkpfs;

ïªJ xË

25

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

cdf;Fs; eP ngyj;Jf; nfhs; 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

ïªJ xË

nry;yj;Jiu Rthkpfs;

26

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

md;Ng tho;T tpj;Jthd;. f. e. Ntyd;

ïªJ xË

27

50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

rpt njhz;L ehq;fs; rptdbahh;fs;. vq;fSf;F xU FiwAkpy;iy. rptnjhz;L nra;tNj vq;fs; njhopy;. mjw;fhfNt ehq;fs; g+kpapy; thOfpNwhk;. re;jpud; rptnjhz;L Mw;Wfpd;wJ. R+hpaDk; Vida fpufq;fSk; mj;jpUg;gzpiaNa nra;fpd;wd.

Njth;fSk; mRuh;fSk; fpd;duh;> fpk;GUlh;> tpj;ahjuh;fSk; mg;gbNa njhz;lhw;wp tUfpd;wdh;. midj;JQ; rptd; nray;. mtdd;wp mZTk; mirahJ. ehk; ,oe;J NghtJnkhd;Wkpy;iy.

Mjhakhf;fpf; nfhs;tJk; xd;Wkpy;iy. ,Ue;jgbNa ,Uf;fpd;Nwhk;. ekf;F xg;ghUk; kpf;fhUk; xUtUkpy;iy. ekf;F ,jk; mfpjk; ,y;iy. kuzk; gpwg;gpy;iy. Ntz;Ljy; Ntz;lhik ,y;iy. kz;zhjp Mirapy;iy. kdkhd Nga; ,y;iy. fhyNjr th;j;jkhdk; ekf;fpy;iy. ehk; midj;Jf;Fk; rhl;rpahf tpsq;Ffpd;Nwhk;.

- Nahfh; Rthkpfs; ïªJ xË

28

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

xg;Gah;tw;w Qhdp rptNahf Rthkpfs;

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

nry;tp. yf;\pg;gpupah ghyr;re;jpud;> juk; 13> ah/ney;ypab kj;jpa kfh tpj;jpahyak;.

x

50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

Nkw; n fhs; S khW mbahu; f is Cf; F tpj; J j; jhDk; mtw;iwf; filg;gpbj;jhu;.

Nahfh; R thkpfs; mUspa jpUg; g hly; f s; njhFf;fg;gl;L “ew;rpe;jid’ vd E}y; tbtpy; jkpopYk; mjd; Mq; f py nkhopngau; g ; g pYk; ntspte;Js;sd. Rthkpfs; tho;e;j fhyj;jpy; tz;zhu;gz;izapy; “rptnjhz;ld;” epiyaj;ij md; g u; f s; %yk; ]; j hgpj; J > rptnjhz; l d; ” vd;Dk; khj ,jioAk; njhlf;fp itj;jhu;. NkYk; kl;lf;fsg;gpy; cs;s nrq;fybapy; “rptnjhz;ld;” epiyak; mika mUs; nra;jhu;.

Nahfh; Rthkp tho;e;j fhyj;jpy;> mtUila mbahuhd khu; f ; f z; L Rthkpfisf; ifjb Mr;rpukj;jpy; trpg;gjw;F top nra;jhu;. Nahfu; Rthkpfspd; kw; W nkhU rP l uhd nry; y j; J iu Rthkpfs;> aho;gg ; hzr; rptnjhz;ld; epiyaj;ijAk; nrq;fybr; rptnjhz;ld; epiyaj;ijAk; guhkupj;J te;jtu;. rhe;j Rthkpfs; vd;w jPl;rh ehkj;ij Nahfu; Rthkpfsplk; ngw;w nfsut Nrhy;gupg; gpuGtpd; Gjy;tuhd Vs; (Earl) ,uhk;];Nghjk; vd;gtu; ,q;fpyhe;jpy; rptnjhz;lhw;wp te;jtu;. gpurpj;jp ngw;W tpsq;fpa `tha; FUNjt; rptha Rg;gpuKdpa RthkpfSk; Nahf Rthkpfspd; rPlNuahthu;. ,tu; gy JwtpfSld; `thapy; Mr;rpukk; mikj;J tho;e;jNjhL cyfpd; gy ghfq;fspYk; tho;e;j ,e;J kf;fSf;;Fk; rkag; gpurhuk; Gupe;jtu; vd;gJk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;.

NkYk; Rthkpfspd; Kaw;rpahy; `thapy; Rak;G ypq;fj;ij %y%u;j;jpahff; nfhz;l rd;khu;f;f ,iwtd; Nfhtpy; xd;Wk; cUthfpapUf;fpwJ. kfhd;fs; kiwtjpy;iy> rptNahf Rthkpfspd; mUshw;wy; vq;Fk; gue;Js;sJ. ,yq;ifapYk; cyfpd; gy ghfq; f spYk; > thOk; Nahfh; Rthkpfspd; md;gu;fs; mtu; fhl;ba topapy; epd;W> jhk; thOk; ,lq;fspy; vy;yhk; rptnjhz;lhw;wp tUfpd;wdu;.

g;Gau;tw;w cd;dj Qhdpahfpa Nahfu; Rthkpfs; ,yq;ifapd; tl gFjpapy; njhd;ikkpF fe;jNfhl;lk; vd tpsq;fpa khtpl;lGuj;jpNy irt Ntshs Fyj;jpy; mk;gythzu; vd;gtUf;Fk;> rpd; d hr; r pg; g ps; i sahUf; F k; 1872Mk; Mz; L itfhrpj; jpq; f s; 29 Mk; jpfjp mtpl; l el;rj;jpuj;jpy; jtg;Gjy;tuhfj; Njhd;wpdhu;. ngw;Nwhu; #l;ba ,aw;ngau; rjhrptk;. ,sikapNyNa JwT kdg;ghd;ik ,tUf;F NkNyhq;fpf; fhzg;gl;lJ. Md;kf P ehl;lk; nfhz;l ,tu; Nahfu;> Nahfehjd; vdTk; miof;fg;ngw;whu;. Qhdg; Ngnuhspahf tpsq;fpa ey;Y}u; KUfd; Nfhtpy; Njubapy; nry; y g; g h Rthkpfshy; <u; f ; f g; g l; L mtuplk; ruzhfjp mile;jhu;. FUtpd; topfhl;lypd;gb fLk; rhjidfNshL jtkpaw;wp> jpUtUSk; FUtUSk; ngw;W Qhdpahdhu;.

Mrhd; mUshy; Mrhdhfpa Nahfiur; rjhrptQhd Njrpfid “Nahfu; Rthkpfs;” vd kf;fs; Nghw;wp te;jdu;. Rthkpfs; aho;g;ghzj;jpy; cs;s nfhOk;Gj;Jiw vd;Dk; Cupy; xU rpW Fbirapy; miu E}w; w hz; L fSf; F Nkyhf tho;eJ ; > mtiu ehb te;j kf;fspd; my;yy;fisj; jP u ; j ; J > Md; k P f mwpitAk; Cl; b te; j hu; . gy;tifg;gl;l kf;fs; ,f;Fbiria ehb te;jdu;.

RthkpfSf;Fg; gy mUshw;wy;fSk; rpj;jpfSk; iftug;gl;bUe;jjhy; mtupd; mff;fhl;rpapypUe;J vtUk; vijAk; kiwf;f Kbatpy;iy. mtu; jdJ Mw;wy;fis md;gu;fs; tpsk;gug;gLj;jp mjw;F Kf;fpaj;Jtkspg;gij Kw;whf tpUk;gtpy;iy. “,q;F ehd; xU FiwAk; itf;ftpy;iy” vdj; jpUtha; kyu; e ; J > 1964 Mk; Mz; L gq;Fdp khjk; Mapypa el;rj;jpuj;jpy; kfhrkhjp va;jpdhu;. mtUila tpUg;gj;jpd;gb> cly; jfdk; nra;ag;gl;lJ. mtupd; m];jp nfhOk;Gj;Jiw Mr; r pukj; j py; gpujp~; i l nra; a g; g l; L s; s J. jpUtb topghL> jpUKiw XJjy;> rptnjhz;L> rptjpahdk;> irt czTg; gof;fk; Mfpatw;iw

There is no special talent in anyone.

Neither is there any particular disability in anyone. It is all the work of the Lord.

ïªJ xË

29

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

jtKdp rptNahf RthkpfSldhd rpy ,iw mDgtq;fs;

50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jpUkjp kPdh jtul;zk; nlhuz;Nlh> fdlh

<

oehL aho;g;ghzk; je;j jtKdp rptNahf Rthkpfs; rkhjpaile;J Ik;gJ tUlq;fs; G+u;j;jpahFk; ,t;Ntisapy; cynfq;Fk; cs;s Rthkpfspd; mbahu;fs; gf;jp rpuj;ijAld; mtiu epidT$u;e;J tpoh vLj;J ntspapLk; kyupy; mbNaDk; RthkpfSldhd rpy ,iw mDgtq;fs; vOj tha;g;G fpilj;jik ngUk; jtg;NgNw vd vz;zp csk; kfpo;fpd;Nwd;. rpW gps;isfshf ,Ue;jNghJ vd;idAk; vd; %j;j rNfhjupiaAk; vq;fs; mk;kk;kh Kjd;Kjyhf Rthkpfsplk; mioj;Jg; Nghdhu;.

NghFk;NghJ gpurhjkhf rpy rpw;Wz;bfisAk; goq;fisAk; vLj;Jr; nrd;Nwhk;. Rthkpfspd; Mr;rpukf; Fbirf;Fs; Eioe;J mtiu gzptd;Gld; tPo;e;J tzq;fp rpw;Wz;bfisAk; goq;fisAk; mtu; Kd; itj;Njhk;. clNd Rthkpfs; mk;kk;khit jfhj thu;j;ijfshy; Ngrp ntspaDg;gpdhu;. ehk; ,UtUk; Rthkpfspd; nray; fz;L gjl;lKk; gaKk; mile;J mONjhk;. ehk; rpWgps;isfshf ,Ue;jgbahy; ,g;gbg;gl;l xU tuNtw;ig ehk; vjpu;ghu;f;ftpy;iy.

Mdhy; vkJ mk;kk;khNth vJtpj gjl;lKk; milahky; gzpthf mtu; Ngrpa thu;j;ijfis Xu; MrPu;thjkhf Vw;W ntspNawpdhu;. ehk; mOtij fz;Zw;w Rthkpfs; vk;ik mutizj;J md;G fhl;b new;wpapy; tpG+jp G+rp gpurhjk; gok; je;J md;NghL ntspNaw;wpdhu;.

RthkpfSila Kjw;juprdk; ehk; vjpu;ghu;j;j khjpup mikatpy;iy vd;W ftiyAw;Nwhk;. gpw;fhyj;jpy; mk;kk;khtpw;F Vw;gl;l mDgtk; gpw mbahu;fspw;Fk; Vw;gl;lJ vd;gij mwpe;J nfhz;L mjd;Nehf;fj;ij rupahf tpsq;f Kbe;jJ. mLj;J rpy khjq;fspd; gpd; vk; jhahu; fLikahf NehAw;W gyk; ,oe;J gLf;ifahdhu;. rpfpr;ir vJTk; gadspf;fhj epiyapy; vkJ ghl;ldhu; mkuu; vk;.v];.jpUtpsq;fk; mtu;fs; Rthkpfspd; neUq;fpa gf;jdhf ,Ue;jgbahy; mtupd; cjtpia ehb mtiu vkJ tPl;bw;F mioj;J te;jhu;. Rthkpfspd; tUif vkf;F kpf MWjiyAk;> MrPu;thjj;ijAk; mspj;jJ. mtupd; cj;jutpd; Ngupy; clNd aho; Nghjdh itj;jparhiyapy; flikahw;wpf; nfhz;bUe;j ïªJ xË

epGzu; lhf;lu;. ,uhrehafk; mtuplk; fhl;b rj;jpu rpfpr;ir nra;J rpy ehl;fspy; Fzkile;jhu;. vkJ jhahiu fhg;ghw;wpf; nfhLj;j Rthkpfsplk; Mokhd ek;gpf;ifAk; gf;jpAk; Vw;gl;lJ. mLj;J rpy tUlq;fspd; gpd; vd; gl;lg;gbg;ig Kbj;J (vd; ,U ngw;Nwhu;fisAk; ,oe;j epiyapy;) xUKiw nrq;fkhup Nehapdhy; gPbf;fg;gl;L lhf;lu; f];J}up Kj;Jf;Fkhu; mtu;fsplk; kUe;J ngw nrd;wpUe;Njd;. vjpu;ghuhjtpjkhf mtu; kUe;jf thry; Kd; tpwhe;ijapy; Rthkpfs; gpurd;dkhfp apUe;jhu;. fz;lJk; nka; kwe;J if $g;gp tzq;fp epd;Nwd;. te;j tplak; Nfl;lgpd; tpG+jp je;J vd; gbg;Ggw;wp tprhupj;J gpd;du;> Kd;dhy; itf;fg; gl;bUe;j goq;fis vLj;Jf;nfhs;Sk;gb $wpdhu;. mLj;J eP xU ePjpgjpahf te;jhy; mJ gw;wp vd;d epidf;fpd;wha;? vd tpdhtpdhu;. vd;d tpil nrhy;yyhk; vd;W mg;NghJ vdf;F Gupatpy;iy. ey;yJ Ngha; thUk; vd;W topaDg;gpdhu;. gpw;fhyj;jpy; gy re;ju;gg ; q;fspy; vdf;F Rthkp Nfl;l Nfs;tpf;F gytpjkhd tpsf;fq;fs; Vw;gl;ld. ehd; rpy tplaq;fis Rthkpfsplk; Nfl;Lg;ngw Kide;Njd;. mtw;Ws; rpy gpd;tUkhW:1. vdf;F ty;yik jhUk; vd;W kdk; nefpo;e;J gpuhu;j;jpj;Jf; Nfl;Nld;. mtu; vdf;F gy f~;lq;fisAk; ,og;Gf;fisAk; nfhLj;J vd;id typikAs;stdhf Mf;fpdhu;.

2. vdf;F ey;ywpTk; rupahd tpsf;fKk; Ntz;b epd;Nwd;. jPu;T fhz;gjw;fhfg; gy gpur;ridfis vd; Kd;Nd itj;jhu;. ,tw;why; vd; mwpTk; tpsf;fKk; tphpT ngw;wJ. 3. td;ikia Ntz;bNdd;.

Mdhy; mtu; cioj;J Ntiy nra;a jpwikAk; mwpTk; je;Jjtpdhu;.

4. Rthkp vdf;F kNdhgyk; jhUk; vd;W Nfl;Nld;. mtu; gy f~;lq;fisAk; Jd;gq; fisAk; vd; Kd;Nd epWj;jp vd;idg; gyg;gLj;jpdhu;.

5. md;igf; Nfl;Nld;. md;Gfhl;b cjTk;gb Jd;gk; cs;stu;fis vd;dplk; mDg;gp itj;jhu;.

6. rpy nrsghf;fpaq;fisAk; tsq;fisAk; jUk; gb Nfl;Nld;. tha;g;Gf;fis kl;Lk; cUthf;fp je;J vd;id Kaw;rpf;fj; J}z;bdhu;. Kaw;rp jpUtpidahdJ. 30

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

Nkw;$wpatw;iw vjpu;nfhz;L Kd;Ndw gf;f gykhf epd;W cjtpaJ Rthkpfspd; jpUtUNs. Rthkpfspd; mLj;j juprdk; Nf. Nf. v]; tPjpapy; mike;jpUf;Fk; = yq;fh Gj;jfrhiyapy; fpilj;jJ. mbNad; vOjpa ,urhad E}y; xd;iw tpw;gidf;fhf nfhLg;gjw;F mq;F vLj;Jr; nrd;Nwd;. vjpu;ghuhjtpjkhf Rthkpfs; Gj;jfrhiyf;Fs; cl;nry;Yk; ghijapy; mku;e; jpUe;jhu;. fhy; Nky; fhy; Nghl;l epiyapy;> vd;id vd;d Gj;jfk; vdf;Nfl;L thq;fpg; Gul;bg; ghu;j;j gpd; jpUg;gpf;nfhLj;jhu;. Gj;jfrhiy mjpgu; jpU. nja;Nte;jpuk; 'ey;y rFdk; mk;kh vd;whu;". cz;ikapy; Rthkpfspd; ifgl;lJ ey;y rFdKk; MrpANk. Gj;jfk; mNkhfkhf tpiyg;gl;lJ. Gj;jfrhiy mjpgUk; mjpf gzk; je;J gjpg;GupikiaAk; ngw;Wf;nfhz;lhu;. ,jd; gpd; fpilj;j mDgtq;fs; ahTk; kpf mw;Gjkhdit. mit ahTk; Rthkpfspd; rkhjpf;Fg;gpd; fpilj;jit. mbNad; fdlh ehl;bw;Fg; Gyk;ngau;e;J te;J FbNawpa jUzKk; vkJ cilikfs; vijAk; jha; ehl;by; ,Ue;J vLj;J tuf;$ba re;ju;g;g R+o;epiyfs; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. Kf;fpakhf vd;dplk; gy fhykhf Nrfupf;fg;gl;l E}w;nghf;fprq;fis vy;yhk; ,of;fNtz;ba Jg;ghf;fpa epiy Vw;gl;lJ. ,oe;jtw;Ws; Kf;fpakhd xU E}y; Rthkpfspd; 'ew;rpe;jid" MFk;. fdlh ehl;by; te;J FbNawpa rpy ehl;fspy; ,q;F xU rptnjhz;ld; epiyak; epWTk; Nehf;Fld; 1994 Mk; Mz;L vf;tpd;ld; khu;f;fk; tPjpapy; mike;jpUe;j 'aho; gd;rp" vd;w tu;j;jf epWtdj;jpd; epyf;fPo; miwapy; Xu; MNyhridf; $l;lk; $l;lg;gl;lJ. Rthkpfspd; gy mbahu;fs; gyUld; mbNaDk; miof;fg;gl;bUe;Njd;. mq;F nrd;wNghJ mNefkhd mbahu;fspd; iffspy; Rthkpfspd; ew;rpe;jid E}y; jtOtijf; fz;L Mo;e;j ftiyAk; NtjidAk; mile;Njd;. gy mbahu;fspw;F vd; Mjq;fj;ij ntspg;gLj;jp mbNaDf;Fk; me;j nghf;fp~j;jpd; xU gpujpia ngw;Wj;jUk; gb kd;whbf;Nfl;Nld;. 'Mk;" Kaw;rpf; fpd;Nwhk; vd;wdu;. rpy ew;rpe;jid ghly;fis ghLk;gb Nfl;lNghJ kw;wtu;fsplk; ,uty; Ntz;bNa gbf;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ ,J vd; cs;sj;jpy; Mokhd xU Ntjidia Vw;gLj;jpaJ. mLj;J rpy ehl;fshf vd; epj;jpa gpuhu;j;jidfspd;NghJ Rthkpfsplk; vd; kdNtjidfisAk; ftiy fisAk; kpf cUf;fkhf vLj;Jf;$wp vg;gbahtJ vdf;F xU ew;rpe;jid E}iyg; ngw;Wj;jUk;gb kd;whb Ntz;bNdd;. 'Ntz;Lthu; Ntz;Ltd <thd; fz;lha;" vd;w Ntj nkhopf;fpzq;f RthkpfSk; vdJ gpuhu;j;jidia Vw;W mUs; ghypf;fj; jpUTs;sk; nfhz;lhu;. ïªJ xË

,q;Nfjhd; vdf;F Vw;gl;l ,iw mDgtk; Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ. kPz;Lk; rpy ehl;fspy; gpd; mNj ,lj;jpy; Xu; $l;lk; $l;lg; gl;lJ. mbNaDk; fdj;j cs;sj;Jld; ntWk; 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ ifahf nrd;W kz;lg thapypy; mku;e;Njd;. vd;d mjprak;! mq;F xU Kjpa rptnjhz;ld; md;gu; ,q;fpyhe;jpy; ,Ue;J te;J jpBu; vd ehk; $bapUe;j kz;lgj;Js; Eioe;jhu;. mtu; ngau; rpt Ngud;gu; MWKfk; Iah mtu;fs;. ifapy; xU E}Yld; te;j mtu; $wpa Kjy; tplak; 'ehd; cq;fs; epiyaj;jpw;F md;gspg;ghf xU ew;rpe;jid E}y; nfhz;L te;Js;Nsd;." vd;whu;.

Eiothapypy; mku;e;jpUe;j mbNad; mtiu xU fuk; $g;gp tzq;fp kpf MtYld; mtuplk; ,Ue;j me;j E}iyg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;Nld;. mjprak; vd;dntd;why; me;j E}iy ,Jtiu vtUk; epiyaj;jpw;Fupa E}y; vd;W $wp vd;dplk; ,Ue;J jpUk;g ngw;Wf;nfhs;stpy;iy. vd;Nd Rthkpfspd; jpUtUs;! md;W Kjy; ,d;W tiu xt;nthUehSk; vd; tPl;Lg;gpuhu;j;jidapd;NghJ ,e;E}iy ifapy; Ve;jp fz;zpy; xw;wp xU rpy ghly;fis nghUs; czu;e;J gf;jpNahL ghb mfk; kfpo;fpd;Nwd;. RthkpfSk; mtw;iw nrtpkLj;J kfpo;fpd;whu; Nghd;w xU cd;dj czu;T vd;id Ml;nfhs;fpwJ. rptnjhz;ld; epiyaq;fspYk; khjhe;j Mapypa G+irfspy; gq;F nfhz;L ew;rpe;jid ghly;fis ghb kd epiwT nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.

Md;kh epj;jpakhdJ mopahjJ vd;gJ vt;tsT cz;ikahdJ. Rthkpfs; md;Wk; ,d;Wk; vd;Wk; vk;KlNd ,Ue;J topelj;Jfpd;whu;. ,w;iwf;F mtu; rkhjpaile;J Ik;gJ tUlq;fs; G+u;j;jpahfpAk; mtu; epidTk; czu;Tk; vk;ik tpl;L mfytpy;iy.

Rthkpfs; NkYk; rpy gzpfis nra;Ak;gb mbNaidg; gzpj;Js;shu;. `tha; MjPd jw;Nghija n[fj;FU Nghjpehj Rthkpfs; fdlhTf;F xU Kiw tUif je;jNghJ mbNad; ghba rpy ew;rpe;jidg; ghly;fis mtUld; $l te;j Rthkpfs; gjpT nra;J `tha; MjPdj;jpy; Nghl;Lf; fhl;baNghJ Nfl;l jtj;jpU rptf;fjpu; Rthkpfs; mbNaid njhlu;G nfhz;L mg;ghly;fs; ehk; gapd;W nfhs;s njspthfTk; RygkhfTk ;cs;sd vd;W $wp 72 ew;rpe;jidg; ghly;fis njupT nra;J mDg;gp mtw;iw ghbg;gjpT nra;J mDg;Gk;gb Ntz;bAs;shu;. Rthkpapd; fl;lisahf Vw;W mtw;iw gf;jp rpuj;ijAld; ghbg;gjpT 31

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

xOf;fKilik

nra;J mDg;gp cs;Nsd;. mg; ghly;fs; ,g;NghJ ,izaj;jsk; %yk; cynfq;Fk; xypgug; ghfpd;wd. gyu; Nfl;ljhf $wpdu;. mj;Jld; mg;ghly; fis mg;gbNa Mq;fpyj; 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ jpy; vOjp mDg;Gk;gbAk; Nfl;L mg;gzpiaAk; nra;J nfhLj;J cs;Nsd;. ,j; jpUg;gzpfspy; mbNaid ,izj;Jf; nfhz;lik Nahfh; Rthkpfspd; jpUtUNs ,r; rpwpa ifE}iy up~p njhz;Lehjd; mtu;fs; jkpo; njupahj khztu;fspw;F mt;tg; NghJ tUlhtUlk; jhd; elhj;Jk; Nfhilfhy tFg;Gfspd; NghJ ,dhkhf nfhLj;J mtu;fSk; ,g;ghly;fis vspjhf fw;Wf;nfhs;s cjtp As;shu;. ,d;Dk; gy re;ju;g;gq;fspy; rw;FU Nghjpehj Rthkpfs; nlhuhz;NlhTf;F tUif je;jNghJ mtu; Mq;fpynkhopfspy; nfhLj;j mUSiufis jkpopy; nkhopngau;j;Jf; $Wk; tha;g;Gk; mbNaDf;F fpilj;jJ. FUNjtu; rptha Rg;gpuKdpa Rthkpfs; vOjpa 'FU guk;giu" vd;Dk; jpt;aE}iy rw;FU NghjpehjNtyd; Rthkpfspd; Kd;dpiyapy; ntsp apl;lNghJ> mijg;gbj;J jkpopYk; Mq;fpyj;jpYk; RUf;fkhfg; Ngrp mwpKfk; nra;J ntspaPL nra;aTk; gzpf;fg;gl;Nld;.

FUNjtu; rptha Rg;gpuKdpa Rthkpfs; vl;kz;ld; efu fzgjp Mya Fk;g mgpN~f tpohtpw;F tUif je;jNghJ mq;F mtupd; juprdKk; MrpAk; ngw;W. mtu;fSf;F mKJ nra;aTk; tha;g;G fpilj;jik ngUk; jtg;NgNw. ftpehafu; fe;jtdk; mtu;fs; 2012 Mk; Mz;L Nahfh; Rthkpfs; gw;wp 40 jpUg;ghf;fis vOjp mbNaidf;nfhz;L ghuhl;Liu vOJtpj;J mg; ghly;fis ghlTk;> nfhLj;J ntspaplTk; tha;g;gspj;jhu;. mwpQu; jpU.,uj;jpdgpufhrk; mtu;fSk; Nahfh; Rthkpfs; gw;wp Mq;fpyj;jpy; vOjpa E}Yf;Fk; xU ghuhl;Liu vOJk;gb Nfl;L me; E}iyg; gbj;J mDgtpj;J mjw;Ffe;j xU ghuhl;LiuiaAk; vOjp mDg;gp mf kfpo;e;Njd;. fdlh ehl;by; nlhuz;Nlh efupy; %d;W ,lq;fspy; rptnjhz;ld; epiyaq;fs; rpwg;ghf ,aq;fp tUfpd;wd. Nkw;$wpa %d;W rptnjhz;ld; epiyaq;fspYk; mbNaDk; jtwhJ gq;F nfhz;L rptGuhzk; XjpAk; ew;rpe;jid ghly;fis ghbAk; mf kfpo;e;J kd epiwT ngWfpd;Nwd;.

ïªJ xË

xOf;fk; capUDQ; rpwe;jJ.xOf;fKilahh; vy;yhKilahh;. xOf;fq;fshtd nfhy;yhik> fs;shik> gpwh;tir ciuahik> gpwh; nghUs; ftuhik> jho; i k ngha; A iuahik Kjypadthk;. vf;fUkj;ij nra;Ak; nghOJk; Cf;fj;NjhLQ; rpuj;ijNahLk; kd kfpo;rr; pNahLQ; nra;J goFjy; Ntz;Lk;. mg;gb nra;J gofp te;jhy; kdTWjp cz;lhFk;. m/jhtJ kdk; Vfhf;fpu rpj;jj;ij nghUe;Jk;. nghUe;jNt Md;krf;jp mjpfhpf;Fk;. epidj;j fhhpak; epidj;j khj;jpuj;jpNy cz;lhFk;. ,th; gifth; > ,th; cwtpdh; vd; w ghFghL rpj;jj;jpy; GFe;J ftiyia cz;lhf;fhJ. vy;yhk; vd;dplj;Nj cz;lhfpd;wd> vy;yhk; vd; d plj; N j epiyj; j pUf; f pd; w d> vy; y hk; vd;dplj;Nj xLq;Ffpd;wd vd;w Jha;ikahd vz; z k; cilatuha; ,Uj; j y; Ntz; L k; .

NkYk; vdf;nfhU FiwTkpy;iy. vd;dplj;jpNy vy; N yhUk; md; g ha; ,Uf; f pwhh; f s; . ehDk; vy;Nyhhplj;jpYk; md;gha; ,Uf;fpNwd; vd;W mbf;fb epide;J epide;J rhjpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,g;gbNa ,iltplhky; gofp te;jhy; vy;yhkwpAk; Mw;wYk; vy;yhQ; nra;Ak; ty;yikAk; vOjpy; iftUk;.

- Nahfh; Rthkpfs;

rpt njhz;L ehq; f s; rptdbahh; f s; . vq; f Sf; F xU FiwTkpy;iy. rptj;njhz;L Mw;WtNj vq;fs; njhopy;. mjw;fhfNt ehq;fs; capNuhbUf;fpNwhk;. cz;gJk; cwq;FtJk; mjw;fhfNt. vj;njhopiyr; nra; j hYk; Vjtj; i jg; gl; l hYk; vy; y hk; mjw;fhfNt nra;fpNwhk;. ekf;F MjpAkpy;iy me;jKkpy;iy. gpwg;Gkpy;iy ,wg;Gkpy;iy. ehk; tpisahl;Lf;fhfpDk; gpwh;nghUisf; ftNuhk;. gpwh;tir ciuNahk;. vy;yhQ; rptd;nranyd;gij kwNthk; . grpj; j hw; Grpg; N ghk; . gpwh; n ra; A k; epl;^uj;ijahtJ fpUigiaahtJ nghUshff; fUjkhl;Nlhk;. vg;nghOJk; Jha;ik cilNahk;.

Jd; g j; j pYk; ,d; g j; j pYk; ftiy milNahk; .

KOJk; cz;ik.

- Nahfh; Rthkpfs; 32

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

rptNahf Rthkpfs; fhl;Lk; tho;tpay; tpOkpaq;fs;; fyhepjp FkhuRthkp NrhkRe;juk;

kdpj

50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

ew;rpe;jidg; ghly;fs; %yKk;> cgNjrnkhopfs; thapyhfTk; mtw; i w ntspg; g Lj; j pAs; s hH. gf;jpnewpAk;> Qhd newpAk; ,tw;Ws; mlq;Fk;. kdpjHfs; jkf;F Vw;w newpiaj; njupT nra;J> tho;tpy; gpd;gw;wp <Nlw;wk; ngwKbAk;. topfs; NtWNtwhf ,Ug; g pDk; > <w; w py; milAk; ,yf; F xd; N w vd; g J> rptNahfRthkpfspd; epiyg;ghL MFk;. mjw;Ff; FUtUs;> jpUtUs;> ey; n yhOf; f k; > ,iwAzHT> mwnewp tho; T vd; g d ,d; w paikahjd. rpj; j he; j -Ntjhe; j rkur Qhdpahf tpsq;fpatH NahfRthkpfs;. mtupd; Nghjidfs;> rhjidfs; midj;JNk> ,r; r kur mbg; g ilapNyNa mike; j pUe; j ik Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. Ntw;Wikapy; xw;Wik fhz;gJ mtH je;j tpOkpak;. Md;kPfj;jpy;> Nthjhe;j - rpj; j he; j rkur ed; d piy fz; l Nahfh; Rthkpfs;> cyfpay; tho;f;ifapYk; mQ;Qhd;W kf;fs; kj;jpapy; epytpa rhjp> ,d> rka> Fy> me;j];J NtWghLfs; kw;Wk; caHT jho;T kdg;ghd;ikfs; vd;gtw;iwAk; ePf;fp cyfpay; rkurj;jpw;Fk; toptFj;jhH. rkurj;ij va;Jtjw;Fj; jilahf ,Ug; g itNa ,e; j Ntw; W ikfs; .

RUq;ff;$wpd;> Nahfh; Rthkpfs; eLTepiy epd;W> cs;nshspg; Gyg;ghlhf> Md;kPfk; - cyfpay;> Ntjhe;jk; rpj;jhe;jk;> gf;jp newp – Qhdnewp> ,tw;wpw;fpilNa rkurk; fz;L> ngw;w mEgt cz;ikfs;> jkJ ew;rpe;jidg; ghly;fs; %yk; cyfj; j tHf; F cte; j spj; j kfhd; MthH. ew;rpe;jidg; ghly;fs;> ntWkNd XJtjw;F kl;Lkd;wp> mtw;iwr; rpuj;ijAld; Xjp> czHe;J> njspe;J md;whlk; tho;f;ifapy; filg;gpbj;Jk; te;jhy;> xU nghy;yhg;Gk; Neh;e;JtplhJ. fw;wy;> fw; w gb epw; w y; - xOFjy; > ,uz; L k; xU ehzaj;jpd; ,Ugf;fq;fs; Nghd;wit. ,it KOtJk; cz;ik. Rthkpfs; fhl;Lk; tpOkpaq;fs; midj;Jk; rhjidf;Fhpait.

rKjhak; fhye;NjhWk;> mjd; mwpT> Mw;wy;fs;> jpwd;fs;> czHTfs;> rhjidfs;> tpOkpaq;fs; kw;Wk; nraw;ghLfs; vd;gtw;wpy; gbg;gbahf tsHr;rpAk;> ngUf;fKk;> KjpHr;rpAk; fsKk; ngw;W tUk;NghJ gy;NtW khWjy;fs;> khw;wq;fs; epfo;tJ ,ay;G MFk;. Mk;! khw;wq;fs; ey;ydthAk; mikayhk;> NtW rpy jPadthAk;> NfLfis tpistpg;gdthAk; $l mikayhk;. kdpjHfs; jq; f s; gFj; j wpAk; Mw; w iyAk; > eyk;> jPJ vd;gtw;iwg; gpupj;JzUk; jpwidAk;> gad;gLj;jp> khw;wq;fSf;F nefpo;e;J nfhLj;J ey; y dtw; i w Vw; W > my; y dtw; i w tpyf; f p thOk; rKjhaNk epiyngw; W > njhlHe; J thOk; ngUikiag; ngWfpd; w J. “gioad fopjYk;> Gjpad GFjYk; tOty” vd;fpd;whH gz;ila jkpo; ,yf;fz E}yhrpupah;. kuGk;> khw;wKk;> ,izaNtz;baJk; xd;iwnahd;W newpg; g Lj; j p tsg; g Lj; j Ntz; b aJk; > kdpj rKjhaj;jpd; ,Ug; g pw; Fk;> Kd; Ndw;w j;jpw;Fk;> ,d;wpaikahj epfo;TfshFk;. mJ fhyj;jpd; fl;lhaKkhFk; vd;gJk; czHjw;ghyJ. me;j tifapy; > fhye; N jhWk; kfhd; f s; > Qhdpfs; > FutHfs;> ,up~pfs;> kw;Wk; ngupNahh;fs; Njhd;wp> kdpjFyj; j pd; Nkk; g hl; b w; f hd mwTiufs; > mwpTiufs;> tpOkpaq;fs; vd;gtw;iw toq;fp> kdpjHfs; tho;thq;F tho;tjw;Fk; ey;y tz;zk; thOk; tif njupe;J kdpjj;jd;ikfSldhd kdpjHfshfg; gupzkpj;J tho;tjw;Fk; mtHfis newpg; g Lj; j p> mtHfspd; tho; f ; i fj; j uj; i j gz;GuPjpahf tsg;gLj;jp te;Js;sdH.

rptNahf Rthkpfs; - rkur rd;khh;f;fk;:

rptNahf Rthkpfs; - (1872 – 1964)> ek; ehl;by; Njhd;wpa rpj;jH guk;giuiar; NrHe;j kfhQhdp MthH. filapw; Rthkpfs;> nry;yg;gh Rthkpfs; MfpNahupd; Qhdtopapy;> thioabthioahf te; J jpj; j rptQhdf; n fhOe; j hf tpsq; f pa ngUQ;rpj;jH. khDlj;ij ca;tpf;f> ed;ndwpapy; tho; t pf; f > Md; k P f j; i jAk; cyfpaiyAk; ,izf;Fk; tifapy;> tho;tpay; rpe;jidfisAk; tpOkpaq;fisAk; kdpj Fyj;jpw;F thup toq;fpa ngUts; s y; . %thapuk; tiuapyhd jkJ

ïªJ xË

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

rpj;jh;fs; ahu;? rpj;jj;ijr; rptd;ghy; itj;jtu;fs; rpj;ju;fs;. mtu; f s; jhk; rlg; n ghUs; md; W > rpj; J g; nghUs; vd;W njspe;jtu;fs;> rPtd;Kj;ju;fshtu;. ,j;J}y clk;NghL cyfpy; thOk; fhyj;jpNyNa> 33

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

gpwtpg; g adhfpa Kj; j p apd;gj;ij mEgtpg;gjpy; rpj;jpngw;wtu;fs; vd;gjhy;> rpj;ju;fs; vdg;ngau; ngw;wjhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ. flTisf; fhz Kaw;rpfis Nkw;nfhs;gtu;fs; gf;ju;fs; 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ vd;Wk;> fz;L njspej ; tu;fs; rpj;ju;fs; vd;Wk; mwpQh; $Wtu;. “rpe;ij njspe;J ,Ug;gtu; ahNuh> mtNu rpj;ju;” vd;Wk;> 'nrfnkyhk; rptk; vd;Nw mwpe;Njhu; rpj;ju;” vd;Wk; thd;kpfu; $Wthu;.

“Qhdnkd;gJ Nkhd tuk;G”> vd;gjw;fpzq;f nksdepiyapy;> Nahf epl;ilapy; KOikj;Jtj;ij czu;ej ; tu; rpj;ju;. mtu;fs; ve;jtpjkhd kaf;fKk; fyf;fKk; jaf;fKk; ,y;yhj J}a neQ;rpdu;. mtu;fspd; vz;zq;fs;> thu;ji ; jfs;> nraw;ghLfs; ahTk; cz;ikahd Md;kNea Nehf;Filait> vdNt mitfs; Md;kPf tpOkpaq;fs; MFk;. rpj; j u; f s; > rpj; j k; mofpau; > Njhw; w ypd; Mw; w y; jiyg; g l; l tu; > nraw; f hpa nra; g tu; > kdtlf; f k; > Gydlf; f k; iftug; ngw; w tu; > rpj;j rf;jpAilatu;> [k;G+jq;fisAk; mlf;f ty; y tu; > kdkhl; r pAilatu; > kdj; J f; f z; khrpyd; Md mwNthu;> kdjw;w kdf;FtpTw;w epiyapdu;> kykw;Wr; rptkhfptpl;l epiyapdu;> rkur rd;khu;f;fj;jpdu;> Rk;kh ,Uf;Fk; jpwj;jpdu;> rhjp> rka> ,d> Fyq;Nfhj;jpu Ntw;Wikfs; fle; N jhu; > J}a md; g pdu; > rj; j pa tpujpfs; > mUshsu;> Rfe;jpuu;> cyfpid xd;whff; fhZk; fhl;rpapdu;> ,d;gk; - Jd;gk;> ed;ik – jPik> tpUg;G - ntWg;G> Ntz;Ljy; - Ntz;lhik Nghd;w ,Uik epiyfisf; fle;Jk; fise;Jk; epd;w Jwtpau;> Njf czu;tpidAk; cwtpidAk; ePf;fp> Md;k czu;NthL cwT nfhz;ltu;> clNyhL ,Ue;Jk; clypypUe;J gpupe;J thOk; ngw;Wau;> cs; s j; j pw; F s; N s cWnghUs; fz; l tu; f s; > mftopghl;bdu;> kdk;> nkhop> nka;j;J}a;ikau;> jw;gw;W> Gwg;gw;W> nghUl;gw;W ePq;fg; ngw;wtu;> cyfk; gopj; j tw; i w xopj; j tu; > Nkyhd tpOkpau;.

ePq;fg;ngw;wtu; vd;Wk;> epuhkau; - ,iwtiur; rhu;ej ; tu; vd;Wk;> Kj;ju; - ,iwKj;jpapy; cs;stu; vd;Wk; jpU%yu;> rpj;ju;fs; gw;wpf;$wpapUg;gJ Nehf;fw;ghyJ. rpj;ju;fs; Kf;fhyj;jpy; epfo;Tfs; ahitAk; mwpAe;jd;ikau; vd;Wk;> mtHfs; vq;Fk; jhkhf –Mj;k nrh&gkhf ntspg;gLfpd;whu;fs; vd;Wk; jpU%yu; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;. rptNahf Rthkpfs; Md;kPf cau;T ngw;W> rpj;ju;fspd; ,yl;rzq;fs;> ,ay;GfSld;> nrd;w ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;Lg; gFjpapy;> aho;g;ghzj;jpy; Njhd;wp> kf;fs; midtUf;Fk; ey;top fhl;ba ngUQ;rpj;ju;. mtuJ ew;rpe;jidg; ghly;fs;> Md;kf P > r%f> xOf;f> fyhrhu tpOkpaq;fs; cs;spl;l kdpj tpOkpaq;fs; epiwe;J fhzg;gLfpd;wd. nts;is Ntl;b> Njhspy; nts;isj;Jz;L> ntz;jhb> nts;isj; jiyKb> ifapy; Fil,tw;Wld; nts;is cs;sk;> nts;isg; Ngr;R ,t;thW fhl;rpaspj;j ngUk; Qhdp rptNahf Rthkpfs;. cs;Sk; GwKk; J}a;ikNa ntz;ik vdg; Nghw;wp> rj;jpak;> rptk;> Re;juk; mjhtJ cz;ik> ed;ik> moF> md;G> ePjp> xOq;F vDk; tpOkpaq;fisg; Nghw;wp> tho;f;ifapy; Ngzp> ,d; G w; W > mjd; top kdpjg; gpwtpg; gaid milaf; $ ba jifikAila J}a kdpj rKjhaj;ijf; fhztpioe;J mjw;fhd rptg; gzpfisr; nra;j ngUk; tpOkpau; MfTk; jpfo;e;jhu;. jPu;f;fjuprpahfTk; tpsq;fpdhu;.

tpOkpaq;fs; - kdpjdpd; ,ay;ghd tsq;fs;: jdpahSf;Fk;> r%fj;jpw;Fk; eyk;juf; $baJk;> tpOg;gk; mspf;ff;$baJk;> mtw;iw tsk;gLj;jp cau; e piyf; F ,l; L r; n ry; y f; $badthAk; mikAk; kdpj ey;nyhOf;f kw;Wk; ed;dlj;ijg; gz;Gfs;> rPyq;fs;> mwe;jOtpa gz;Gfs;> ju;kq;fs; vd tpjpf; f g; g l; L s; s flikfs; > fz; z pak; fl;Lg;ghLfs;> fyhrhug; gz;ghLfs;> Fzeyd;fs;> kdeyq;fs;> Md;k eyd;fs;> Mrhuq;fs; Nghd;w ey; y dtw; i w cs; s lf; f pajhf tpOkpaq; f s; mike;Js;sd. jdp tho;tpYk;> r%f tho;tpYk;> kdpjHfs; kdpjj;jd;ikfSldhd kdpjh;fshf> itaj;Js; tho;thq;F tho;Tk;> mwnewpapy; epd;W xOf;fk; NgzTk; jkf;Nfh> gpwUf;Nfh> jPikia tpyf;fp ed;ikiag; Gupe;J> ,k;kz;zpy; ey;y tz;zk; thoTk;> eyk;> jPq;Ffs;> rup> gpiofs;> ePjp> mePjpfs; vd;gtw;iw ,zq;fz;L nfhs;sTk;> cWJizahfTk; mNjNtis ey; t ho; t pw; F Njitahd mbg; g il epajpfs; > epakq; f is toq;fpAk;> ciufy;yhf tpsq;fpAk;> cjTgit tpOkpaq;fs; MFk;.

“rpj;ju; rptNyhfk; ,q;Nf njuprpj;Njhu; rj;jKQ; rj;jKbTe;jk; Ks; nfhz;Nlhu; epj;ju; eph;kyu; epuh ikau; ePs;gu Kj;ju; jk; Kj;jp Kjy; Kg;gj;jhNw”

– jpUke;jpuk;.

,t;Tyfpy; ,Ue;J nfhz;Nl rptNyhf juprdk; nra;gtu;fs;> rpj;ju;fs;. jk;ik KOikahfr; rptj;jplk; xg;gilj;jtu;fs;. rpj;ju;fs; vd;Nghu; epj;ju; - vd;Wk; cs;stu; epkyu; - vy;yh kyq;fSk; ïªJ xË

34

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

vr; # o; e piyapYk; > vk; jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹ kjj;jpdUf;Fk; vj;jifa nfhs; i f> Nfhl; g hLfs; cilatu;fSf;Fk; cyfshtpa epiyapy; kdpju; f s; ahtu; f ; F k; tpOg; g k; juyhy; kdpj 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ tpOkpaq;fs; vd;Wk;> kdpj ew;gz;Gfs; vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wd. tpOkpaq;fis tho;fi ; fapy; Nkw;nfhz;L xOfp tho;gtu; tpOkpau; vdr; rpwg;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wdu;. mtu;fs; NkNyhu;> rhd;Nwhu;> khrW fhl;rpau;> khrw;whu; vdTk; Nghw;wg;gLfpd;wdu;. ,j;jifa gz;Gilau; xU rpyuhtJ tho;e;J tUjyhNyNa> cyfk; ,d;dKk; mopTf;Fs;shfhJ fhg;ghw;wg;gl;L tUfpwJ> vd;fpwhu; jpUts;Stu;.

tpOkpaq;fs; xt;nthU kdpjdplKk; cs;shu;ej ; epiyapy; Mo;eJ ; fplf;fpd;wd. kdpjd; tpOkpaq;fis ,ay;ghd tskhff; nfhz;Ls;sik Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. tpOkpaq;fs; kdpjupd; mbg;gil cupikfs;. mtw;iwg; gad;gLj;jhJ myl;rpak; nra;jy; kdpj cupikkPwy; MFk;. tpOkpaq; f s; kdpj tho; T f; F tpOg; g k; - Nkd;ik> cau;T jUtjhy;> ek; capupDk; Nkyhd kjpg; i gAk; > ngWkjpiaAk; nfhz; L tpsq;Ffpd;wd. tpOkpaq;fNs kdpj milahsq;fs;. kdpju;fis tpyq;FfspypUe;J NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lk; Rl;bfs;. kdpju; f s; jq; f s; milahsq; f is ,oj; j y; MfhJ. kdpj tho;f;ifapd; juj;ij cau;j;jp> kdpjiu khl;rpikg;gLj;Jgit kdpj tpOkpaq;fs;. kdpjid tpyq;F epiyapypUe;J kdpj epiyf;F cau;jJ ; tJk;> gpd;du; nja;tf P epiyf;F kdpjid ,l; L r; nry; t Jk; tpOkpaq; f spd; gzpahFk; . capu; tsk;> cly; eyk;> kdeyk;> r%feyk;> ,aw;ifr;#oy; eyk; vd;gtw;Wld; nghUs;tsk;> murpay; eyk; vd;gtw;iw ed;Kiwapy; mwe;jOtpa topapy; Ngzp tsu;gg ; jw;F cWJizahf tUtJ J}a tpOkpaq;fNsahFk;. mit kdpj tho;fi ; ff;Fg; ghJfhg;Gf; ftrq;fshf tpsq;Ffpd;wd. tho;fi ; fiar; Ritahf;Fgit> ,d;gkakhf;Fgit kdpj tpOkpaq;fs;. khwhf> tho;f;if Rikahfp tpLtjw;Fk;> Jd;gkakhtjw;Fk; fhuzk;> kdpj tpOkpaq;fis myl;rpag;gLj;JjNyahFk;.

“gz;Gilahu;g; gl;Lz;L cyfk; mJ kz;Gf;F kha;tJ kd;”

- jpUf;Fws;> (996) gz;GilahNu tpOkpau;> NkNyhu;> rhd;Nwhu; Mtu; vd;gJ ts;Stg; ngUe;jifapd; fUj;J. “kdpj ehfupfk; MdJ ntWkNd nrq;fw;fshYk; rhe;jpdhYk; ,Uk;gpdhYk; ,ae;jpuq;fspdhYk; fl;bnaOg;gLtjd;W. kdpju;fshYk; mtu;fspd; ew;Fzg; gz;GfspdhYk; ey;nyhOf;fj;jpdhYk; cUthf;fg;gLtNj eaj;jf;f ehfupfk; MFk; . ” - ,e; j paj; jj; J tQhdp ru; t gs; s p ,uhjhfpU~;zd;. kdpju;fs; midtUk; kdpj tpOkpaq;fisj; jj;jkJ md;whl tho;fi ; fAlDk;> nraw;ghLfSlDk; ,izj;Jf; nfhs;Sjy; ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;. kdpj tpOkpaq;fs;> kdpjupd; cyfpay; tho;f;ifiar; rPu;g;gLj;jpAk; nrk;ikg;gLj;jpAk;> fyhrhu kw;Wk; Md;kpfkag;gLj;jpAk;> eaj;jf;f ehfupfj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;g NgUjtpahf tpsq;Ffpd;wd. rptNahf Rthkpfs; mj;jifa eaj;jf;f> tpOkpa rhd;Nwhu; rKjhak; xd;iwf; fl;bnaOg;gpf; fhztpioe;jhu;. Rthkpfs; xU rpj;ju; Mthu;. vdpDk;> rKjhaj;jpypUe;J xJq;fp tho> mtu; tpUk;gtpy;iy. kdpj tho;fi ; f ey Nkk;ghl;bw;fhd> rKjha Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;fhd jkJ NghjidfisAk; rhjidfisAk; mt; t g; N ghJ ew; r pe; j idg; ghly;fshf ntspg;gLj;jp te;Js;shu;. “rptnjhz;ld;” vd; D k; jkJ rQ; r pif ,jo; f spy; mtupd; ew;rpe;jidg; ghly;fs; gpuRupf;fg;gl;ld. jw;nghOJ E}y; tbtk; ngw; W s; s ik Fwpg; g plj; j f; f J.

kdpj tpOkpaq;fs;: midtUf;Fk; nghJthditahfTk;> epue;jukhd itahfTk; cs;s tpOkpaq;fshtd: md;G> cz;ik> ePjp> Neu;ik> mfpk;ir> mwk;> eLepiyik> nghWik> gzpT> rfpg;Gj; jd;ik> tpl;Lf; nfhLj;jy;> nghWg;Gilik> gpwu;eyk; Ngzy;> ey;nyhOf;fk;> xg;GuT> mwpTlik> ngupNahiuf; fzk; gz;zy;> ,d;Diu> ,dpik> jia> ,uf;fk;> fUiz> J}a;ik> flik> <if> fw;G> kd;dpj;jy;> gfpu; j y; > Xk; G jy; > nra; e ; ed; w pawpjy; > el; G > fuprid> rkj;Jtk;> rNfhjuj;Jtk;> nfhy;yhik> ngha;ahik>jpUlhik> kJ mUe;jhik> rpdk; nfhs;shik> mthtpd;ik> kdpj Neak;> Md;kNeak;> rhe;jp> rkhjhdk;> ,aw;ifapd; rkepiyiag; NgZjy;> Roiy khRgLj;jhik> kdpj ju;kk;> xOq;F fl;Lg;ghLfs; kw;Wk; rl;lq;fs; NgZjy;> Ntw;Wikapy; xw;Wik fhzy; kdpj cupikfis kjpj;jy;> rfy capupdq;fspdJk; thOk; cupik kjpj; j y; > ,aw; i f tsq; f isg; ghJfhj; j y; Kjypad. ,it vf;fhyj;jpYk; ve;ehl;ltu;f;Fk;> ïªJ xË

,d;Nwy;

35

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

ew;rpe;jid E}y; tho;f;if tpOkpaq;fis cs;slf;fkhff; nfhz;L s;sJ.

50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

ehk; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; ew;fUkq;fs; midj;Jk; jq;Fjilapd;wp epiwNtWk;. xU nghy;yhg;Gk; ,y; i y> ek; cyfpay; tho; t pd; juk; rP U k; rpwg;Gk; ngw;W cau;e;J tpLk;. Md;kPf tho;Tk; rpj;jpf;fg; ngw;W tpLk;. KOtJk; cz;i k.

rptNahfRthkpfspd; tpOkpaq;fs; gw;wpa rpe;jidfs;:

(M) rka Md;kpf tpOkpar; rpe;jidfs;: rptNahf Rthkpfspd; tho;tpay; tpOkpar; rpej ; idfSs;> rkak; Md;kf P k; rhu;ej ; rpej ; idfSk; ,lk;ngWfpd;wd. rkak; NtW> Md;kPfk; NtW> tho;fi ; f NtW vdg;gpupj;J Nehf;fhky;> %d;iwAk; ,izj; J > tho; f ; i f newpahfr; rptNahf Rthkpfs; toq; f pAs; s ik Fwpg; g plj; j f; f J. ,iwAzu;T> mwnewp> xOf;fk;> kdpj tpOkpaq;fs; vd;gtw;iw kdpju;fshy; tsu;j;J> tpUj;jpnra;J eilKiwg; g Lj; J k; tho; f ; i f newpahfr; rkaj; i jAk; Md; k P f j; i jAk; tho; f ; i fNahL ,izj;J Nehf;fpAs;sik ew;rpe;jidg; ghly;fs; thapyhf mwpaf;fplf;fpwJ. rpj;ju;fs; rkaq;fle;j rhd;Nwhu; MfTk;> mftopghl;bdu; MfTk;> r%fj;jpypUe;J tpyfp tho;gtu;fshfTk; nghJthff; fUjg;gl;l NghJk;> jpU%yu;> jhAkhdtu;> ,uhkypq;f ts;syhu; Nghd;W rptNahf RthkpfSk;> rka cz;ikfisAk;> Md;kpfj;ijAk; nghJkf;fs; ed;F tpsq;fpf; nfhs;Sk; tifapy; mtutu; gf;Ft epiyf;F Vw;glj;> njspTgLj;jp> tho;tpay; newpahf tFj;J toq;fpAs;shu;. ,y;yhj;jhu;f;F Ntz;bad gw;wpf; $wp ey;topg;gLj;jpdu;. Jwtwj;jpd; cau;itAk; tpsf;fpdhu;. NehiaAk; $wp Neha;f;F kUe;ijAk; nrhd;dhu;. jj;Jt epiyapy;> Ntjhe;jj;jpw;Fk; irt rpj;jhe;jjpw;FkpilNa rkurk; fz;lhu;. khDlj;ij Nerpj;jhu;. mjd; ca;tpw;F topfhl;bdhu;. Gwg;G+ir> mfg;G+ir ,uz;ilAk; tw;GWj;jpdhu;. ey;Y}uhd; jpUtbia ehSe;Jjpj;J te;jtu;. mNjNtis ey;Y}u; Njubapy; mku;e;J jpahdKk; nra;jhu;. gf; ; j pNa ghtehrk; > Kj; j pf; F k; toptFf; F k; vd;whu;.

Gwj;Nj nra;Ak; G+ir> topghL Mzt kyj;ij ePf;Ftjw;fhd topnad;W $wpa Nahfh; Rthkpfs;> ehsiltpy; mfj;jpy; ,iwtidf; fz;L jpahdpf;Fk; epiy te;nja;Jk; vd cWjpAk; $wpdhu;.

(m) xOf;f tpOkpaq;fs;: xOf;fk; vd;w nrhy; xd;iw ,ilawhJ> njhlu; r ; r pahfr; nra; t ijf; Fwpf; f pd; w J. mt;thW njhlu;r;rpahf nraw;gLfpd;w fUkq;fs;> nray; g hLfs; ey; y tpisitg; gag; g dthf mikapd; mit ey;nyhOf;fq;fs; vdg;gLfpd;wd. ey;nyhOf;fk; tpOg;gk; juyhd;> mJ capupDk; Nkyhd ngWkhdk; cilaJ. vdNt> ey;nyhOf;fk; tpOkpak; MFk;. “xU nghy;yhg;Gkpy;iy”> KOtJk; cz;ik”> ahu; mwpthu;”,“vg;gNth Kbe;j fhupak;”>“vy;yhk; nrg;gb tpj;ij”> - ,itNa nry;yg;ghRthkpfspd; kfhthf;fpaq;fs;. ,tw;iwNa nry;yg;gh Rthkpfs;> mtUf;F jpUk;gj; jpUk;g cgNjrpj;jUspdhu;. ,k; kfh thf;fpaq;fspd; mbj;jsj;jpy; epd;Nw rptNahf Rthkpfs; jkJ ew;rpe;jidfs;> xOf;f tpOkpaq;fs; vd;gtw;iw> cyfj;jtu; ca;Ak; nghUl; L j; njspthf toq; f pAs; s hu; . mit kdpju;fSf;F tho;tpay; topfhl;bahf cs;sik Nehf;fw;ghyJ. ahTk; rhjidf; FupaitahFk;. “vOf GyUKd; Vj;Jf; nghd;db njhOJ tzq;Ff J}ePwzpf gOjpiye; njOj;Jk; gd;Df gd;Kiw” “md;idag;gu; mbapid tzq;Ff jd;idg; Nghyr; rfyUk; Xk;Gf tpz;izg; Nghy tpahgfk; MFf fz;izg; Nghyf; fhf;f mwj;ij nra;td vy;yhQ; nrt;tNd nra;f” “mOf;fhW Nfhgk; mth xopf;f tpOg;gk; kpf;f Nkd;kf;fs; jk;ik xUNghJk; kwthJ cwT nfhs;Sf”

(ew;rpe;jid)

“fjputndOKd; fhiynaOe;J iffhy; Kfq; fOT> fbky nuLj;J khiy njhLj;Jf; flTisg; G+rid nra;”

#upad; cjpg; g jw; F Kd; d u; > mjpfhiyapy; epj; j piu tpl; L vOe; j pUj; j y; Kjy; epj; j pa fUkk; Mfr; rptNahf Rthkpfs; $wpapUf;fpwhu;. ,J rpe; j idf; F k; nraYf; F k; cupajhFk; . “i t f i w j ; J a p n y O ” v d ; g J M d ; N w h u ; thf;F. ,e;j xU gof;fNk xOf;fkhfp> ek;kpy; md; w hlk; tof; f kha; tpl; l hy; tho; f ; i fapy; ïªJ xË

“mk;ikag;gid Mu;tkha;j; njho ,k;ik ew;gad; va;Je; jpz;zNk” “<rid nay;iyapy;yhj tpiwtid thrkyu; Jha; tzq;F” 36

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

“mwk; nghUspd;gKk; tPLkspf;Fk; guid epide;njd;Wk; ghL”

“v y ; y h u ; f ; F k ; m d ; G nra;a Ntz;Lk; vdJ ahd; vd; g ij tpl;LtplNtz;Lk;”

“ehjd; ehkj;ij XJjy; ,d;gNk ehk;rptnkd ehLjy; ,d;gNk”

“e y ; N y h u p z f ; f N k Ntz;Lk; eLepiyik khwh jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;”

“mQ;nrOj;jpid NahJjy; ,d;gNk” “gf;jp nra; Nahf Rthkp ghl;L gbg;gtu;f;F ey;y topfhl;Lk;”

50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

“md;Ng flTs; md;Ng cyfk; md;Ng capu;fs; md;Ng midj;Jk;”

rptNahf Rthkpfs; Gwg;G+ir> gf;jpnewp rpwg;G gw;wp jkJ ew;rpe;jidg; ghly;fspy; Fwpg;gpl;Lg; Nghw;wpAs;shu;. ,iwtid cs;sj;jpDs;Ns cWnghUshfj; juprpj;jy; jpahdk; MFk;. mfg;G+irAk; mJNt. ,J Md;kPfj;jpy; cau; epiyapy; cs;stu;f;Nf ,ayf;$baJ. gf;jp Qhdk; ,uz;bw;Fk; Rthkpfs; GJ ,yf;fzk; je;Js;shu;.

“nfhy;yhik fs;shik Ntz;Lk; Nfhgk; nghwhik nfhs;shik Ntz;Lk;” “ngha;Aq; nfhiyAk; GiyAk; jtpuTk; irt Nkhfq;fSk; rj;jpae; jiof;fTk; nja;tKd; nld;Dk; rpj;jk; jpfoTk; nra;td vy;yhQ; nrt;tNd nra;aTk; ijayhu; jk;ikj; jhnadg; NgzTk; iee;J iee;JUfp iee;J iee;Njw;wp ekr;rpthantd ehk; tho;FtNk”

“nra;j ty;tpid jPu;j; jpahdQ;

nra;jpdQ; rPtd; rptNd nad;W” “rptid vd; rpj;jj;Jl; fz;L nfhz;NlNd”

“xUtUf;Fk; nghy;yhq;F nra;ahik Ntz;Lk;”

“mayhwpa Mde;jk; ngw;Nwd; kaywpahj nksdj;jpy; cw;Nwd; nraywpahj rptj;jpidf; fz;Nld;”

“kdj;jpw;F mzpfyk; khrw;Nwhu; Nfz;ik jdj;jw;F mzpfyk; jz;zUs; jhdk; gzj;jpw;F mzpfyk; grpj;NjhUf;F czT”

,t;thW mfg;G+ir gw;wpAk; mjd; NgWfs; gw;wpAk; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;. kd mOf;Ffs; ePq;fg; ngw; w epiyapy; > Ntw; W ikfis mtu; f s; czu;tjpy;iy. ahTk; rptkakhf> md;Gkakhf> xd;whff; fhZk; fhl;rpau; Mf> Md;kPf Neak; cilatuhfp tpLfpd;wdu;. “cyfk; gytpjk;”> vd;gu;. cyfpy; NtWghLfs; cs;sik ,ay;G> mtw;Ws; xw;Wik fhz;gJ Qhdk;.

Md;kPfk; vd;gJ jd;idj;jhdwpjy; vd;fpwhu; Rthkpfs;. “jd;idawpe;jhy; jdf;nfhU Nfby;iy”> vd; g hu; . Md; k P f k; > cyfpay; tho; f ; i fAld; ,izAk; NghJ> kdpj tho;f;if> tsKk; eyKk; ngWfpd;wJ. kdpj tpOkpaq;fs;> xOf;f eyd;fs; Nkd;ikailfpd;wd.

“rptj;njhz;L nra;Nthu;f;F> nry;tKz;L> ft;tpAz;L> rPUKz;L rpe;ijj; njspTKz;L> rhe;jk; nghWikAz;L> rpdkpy;iy> mr;rkpy;iy> jP a tfq; f hukpy; i y> jP a gpzp Nehapy; i y> rptj;njhz;L nra;thu;fs; nja;tNk Nghy;thu;.” (kf;fs; Nrit kNfrd; NritahFk;. njhz;L nra;jy; rpt topghL MFk;) “,zf;fkhapUe;J ghu;jj ; hy; vy;yhk; rptd; nrayhFk; gpzf;if eP tpl;LtpL.” “xOf;fk; tpOg;gk; jUk; jk;gpkhNu.”

(,) tho;tpay; tpOkpar; rpe;jidfs;

“ehg;gpsf;fg; ngha;Aiuj;Jj; jk;gpkhNu> ehl;bw; nghUs; Njl Ntz;lhk; jk;gpkhNu.”

kdpj tho;;f;ifia tpku;rpg;gJk;> Njitg;gbd; khw;wp> ew;ghq;fpdjhf mikf;f top nrhy;tJk;> newpg;gLj;JtJk; jj;Jt Qhdpfspd; gzpfs; MFk;. me;jtifapy; rptNahf Rthkpfspd; gzpfSk; mike;Js;sd. ew;rpe;jidg; ghly;fspypUe;J vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs; ,q;F jug;gLfpd;wd: ïªJ xË

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

“nghwptopr; nry;Yk; nghy;yh kdij mwpthylf;fy; Mde;jkhNk”> md;GNru; Md;kh mwpNt tbtk;” 37

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

“Gd;ndwp nry;Yk; Nghf;if nahopj;J eP ed;ndwp jd;dpy; ehl;lj;ij itj;jpL”

Nka ed; ePjp Nktply; ,d;gk; Nea md;G cyfpy; epiwe;jply; ,d;gk;” “Vjpyhu;ghy; ,uq;Fjy; ,d;gNk” “tPzu; el;gpid tpl;bly; ,d;gNk”

“cyfKtf;fTk; cd;kdq;fspf;fTk; 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ xd;iw nja;tk; xd;Nw cyfk; ed;Nw vd;Wk; ehbg; Guptha;” “ePjpnahd;iw neQ;rpil itj;jpL cghjp nra;Ak; Gyd; topAwhNj. mghankhd;Wk; vd;W Kdf;fpiy.”

“Ngjk; ahitiaAk; ePf;F ngupat!” “neQ;rpy; tQ;rfk; ePf;Fjy; ,d;gNk> ehtlf;fk;> ,r;iralf;fk; Kf;fpak;” “vy;yhk; <rd; nray;

vdy; ,d;gNk”

“gopAk; ghtKk; ePf;Fjy; ,d;gNk.”

“newptop epw;f.”> rptj;jpahdk; nra;> kdf;Fuq;fpd; gpzpkhWk;”

“ngz;Zk; MZk; ,y;iyalh> Ngjh Ngjk; ,y;iyalh” “Nfhgk;> fhkk;> Nkhfk; Mfpa> $lhj $l;lq; $lhNj> ehlhNj.” “rpdj;ij nfhy;Nthk;> kdj;ij nty;Nthk;” “gpwu; Jau; cd;Jau; nfhs;S - nfhLk; gpwtpf;F tpj;J mtu; NgZey; nyz;zk;”

“Mir %d;iwAk; mbNahL nfhy;y Ntz;Lk;” “jd;dyk; tPo;e;jplj; Njhd;wpLkpd;gNk” “kd;Dapnuy;yhk; kfpo;e;jply; ,d;gk; vd;Dapu; Nghyit Xk;gply; ,d;gk;”

“,d;nrhy; tpisepydha; <jNy tpj;jhdhy; - jq;fk; ,d;gk; ngUFkb”> rhe;jk;> nghWik>

mlf;fk; cjpf;Fk;” “jUk newpapw; gprfhNj.”

“ahtUk; rknkdTzu;e; jplypd;gk; ahtUf;Fk; rNfhju nud;gJ ,d;gk; ahtUk; eyDw cioj;jply; ,d;gk;”

,f; fl; L iuapy; > tho; t pay; tpOkpar; ; rpe;jidfshf> eilKiw tho;fi ; f tpOkpaq;fshf irtrkak;> r%fk;> fyhrhuk;> Md;kpfk;> xOf;f newp rhu;e;j> rptNahf Rthkpfspd; ew;rpe;jid.> vd; D k; E}ypypUe; J ngwg; g l; l fUj; J f; f s; > mwpTiufs; vd;gd Muhag;gl;Ls;sd. Rthkpfspd; ew;rpe;jidfs; kdpj tho;f;ifapy; rhjidfs; Mf kyu;r;rp ngWk; NghJ tho;T rPUk; cau;Tk; ngWfpwJ. jdpkdpj mikjp> r%f mikjp> cyf mikjp cWjpahf tpLk; . kdpju; f s; > kdpjj; j d; i kAila kdpju; f shf Nkk; g hL mile; J tpLtu; . tho; t py; vtu; f ; F k; xU nghy;yhg;Gk; ,y;iy> KOtJk; cz;ik.

“gzpjiyf; nfhs;sy; ghupdpypd;gk; gzpgad; fUjhJ Mw;wply; ,d;gk;.” “$Rq; nfhiyfs; xope;jply; ,d;gk; khRil kJtif ePf;fply; ,d;gk; G+rYk; gifikAk; ePf;fply; ,d;gk; Njrj; njhw;Wik Nahk;gply; ,d;gk;” “ey;yd Gupe;jply; etpd;wply; ,d;gk; my;yd tQ;rpa fw;wply; ,d;gk;” “tha;ikAk; Mw;wYk; tsu;j;jply; ,d;gk; J}a;ikAk; moFk; Mu;j;jply; ,d;gk;

rpt njhz;L ehq;fs; rptdbahh;! ehq;fs; rptdbahh;! ehq;fs; rptdbahh;! ehq;fs; rptdbahh;!. ,J rhpia! ,J fphpia! ,J Nahfk;! ,J Qhdk;! ,J ke;jpuk;! ,J je;jpuk;! ,J kUe;J. ,e;jj; jpahdj;jpy; epiyj;jNy epl;il! ,e;j epl;ilAilNahh;f;Fr; rPykpy;iy! jtkpy;iy! tpujkpy;iy!

Mr;rpukr; nraypy;iy. ,th;fs; jhk; tpUk;gpa tz;zk; kz;zpy; tho;e;jhh;fs;> thOfpwhh;fs;> tho;thh;fs;! ,th; ngUik ahtUkwpahh;! fw;fz;bd; ,dpik fw;fz;il ckpgth;f;Nf njhpAk;. xU nghy;yhg;Gkpy;iy. vg;gNth Kbe;j fhhpak;. ehkwpNahk;. KOJk; cz;ik.

- Nahfh; Rthkpfs; ïªJ xË

38

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

rptNahfu; Rthkpfisg; gw;wp <oj;jpy; vOe;j rpy E}y;fs; : xU gjpT

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

vd;. nry;tuh[h (E}yftpayhsu;> yz;ld;);

29.05.1872

rptQhdNghjk; vd; w E}Ny irtrpj; j he; j KjD}yhFk;. aho;g;ghzj;J Nahfu; Rthkpfspd; ew;rpe;jid vd;w QhdE}w;fsQ;rpaKk; irt rpj;jhe;jj;jpd; tpsf;fkhff; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ. Nahfh; Rthkpfspd; nka;ad;gUs; xUtuhd ,e;E} yhrpupau; rptQhdrpj;jpahu;> Njthuj; jpUKiwfs; fhl;b ew;rpe;jidapd; Nghjid irtrpj;jhe;jNk vd;gij mOj;jkhf vLj;Jiuf;fpwhu;. nghJ mjpfhuk;> cz;ikajpfhuk; Mfpa ,U gpupTfshf cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,e;E}ypd; nghJ mjpfhuj;jpd;fPo; gpuhkz ,ay;> ,yf;fz ,ay; Mfpa ,U gFjpfSk;> cz;ikajpfhuj;jpd;fPo; rhjid ,ay; > gadpay; Mfpa gFjpfSk; mlq;fpAs;sd. rptNahfRthkpfs; aho;g;ghzj;J kz;zpy; toq;fpa ew;rpe;jidfs;> miyfly; jhz;bj; jkpofj; j pYk; Ngrg; g Ltij ew; r pe; j idf; fP u ; j ; j idfs; vd; w E}y; Gyg; g Lj; J fpd; w J. aho;g;ghzk;> rptnjhz;ld; epiyak;1982 ,y; ntspapl;bUe;j ,e;E}ypy; rptNahf Rthkpfspd; 35 fPu;j;jidfs; nrd;id> khk;gyk; = Xk; Mde;jhr;rpukk; =y= Mde;j jPu;j;j Rthkpfs; mtu;fs; ,aw;wpAjtpa Ru jhsf; Fwpg;GfSld; gpuRupf;fg;gl;Ls;sikAk; ,q;F Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. Nahfu; Rthkpfspd; tho;f;if tuyhw;iw toq;Fk; E}y;fspy; Kf;fpakhdjhff; fUjg;gLk; rpy E}y;fis ,dpf;fhz;Nghk;.; rptNahf Rthkpahu; tuyhW vd;w E}iy K. mUzhryk; mtu;fs;> nfhOk;Gj;Jiw jpUtb epiyaj;jpd; thapyhf 371 gf;fq;fspy; vOjpapUe;jhu;. gjpg;gpj;j Mz;L tpguk; E}ypy; Fwpg;gplg;glhjNghJk;> ,e;E}y; aho;gg ; hzk; =yq;fh Gj;jfrhiyapduhy; gjpg;gpf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ vd;w jfty; jug;gl;Ls;sJ. rptNahf Rthkpfshy; jpUtha; kyu;e;jUsg;ngw;w ew;rpe;jidnaDk; ey;yKjj;ij Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;b irtrpj;jhe;jf; fUj;jpidj; jOtp NahfRthkpfspd; rupjj;ij Mrpupau; nja;tf P kzk;fko ,e;E}ypy; toq;fpAs;shu;. mUl;rf;jpapd;ngUik> jpUite;njOj;jpd; rpwg;G> rpj;jhe;j ed;newpj; jj;Jtq;fs;> Guhzq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; tho;f;if newpfs;> rptj;njhz;bd; khl; r pik> jpUKiwfs; fhl; L k; tho; t pay;

,y; ,yq;ifapd; tlgFjpapy;> khtpl;lGuj;jpy; gpwe;j Nahfu; Rthkpfspd; ,aw;ngau; rjhrptk;. aho;.rk;gj;jpuprpahu; fy;Y}upapy; fy;tp fw;wtu;. ,yq;if ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsj;jpy; fsQ;rpaf; fhg;ghsuhf fpspnehr;rp ,uizkLf; Fsg;gFjpapy; gzpahw;wpatu;. gpd;dhspy; Jwtwk; G+z;L rptNahf Rthkpfshfpg; gpd;du; khu;r; 1964,y; jdJ 91MtJ tajpy; nfhOk;Gj;JiwapYs;s jdJ Mrpukj;jpy; mkuj;Jtkile;jhu;. rptNahf Rthkpfs; gw;wpajhd Kjy; ntspal P hff; nfhs;sj;jf;fJ 'ew;rpe;jid" vd;w jiyg;gpyhd jpUg;ghly;fspd; njhFg;ghFk;. nfhOk;Gj;Jiwf; FUgud; Nahfh; Rthkpfs; ghbaUspa ,r;nra;As;fs; Kjd;Kjypy; ew;rpe;jid vd;w mNj jiyg;gpy; rptnjhz; l d; rQ; r pifapy; jpq; f s; NjhWk; ntspte;jd. ew;rpe;jidr; nra;Al;fs; Qhdg; nghf;fp~q;fshfTk;> NtNjhgeplj MfkrhukhfTk; tpsq;Ftd vd;W me;ehspy; khj;jpuky;y ,d;Wk; kjpf;fg;ngw;W tUfpd;wd. ew;rpe;jid vd;Dk; ngaNuhL Kjd;Kjyhf ntspahd nra;As;fs; ,it vdyhk;. ,jw;F Kd;du; ,r;nrhw;gpuNahfj;ij vtUk; ,e;jf; fUj;Jld; ifahz;ljhfj; jfty; ,y;iy. gpd;du; ,r;nra;As;fs; njhFf;fg;ngw;W> E}YUtpy; aho;gg ; hzk; rptnjhz;ld; epiyaj;jhuhy; =yq; f h mr; r fj; j py; mr; r plg; n gw; W 1959,y; KjyhtJ gjpg; g hf ntspaplg; g l; l J. gpd; d u; ,uz;lhk; gjpg;G>Kjw;gjpg;gpy; Nru;f;fj; jtwpa nra;As;fis ,izj;J GJf;fpa gjpg;ghf 1962,y; ntspaplg;gl;lJ. njhlu;eJ ; 1974,y; ,jd; %d;whk; gjpg;G> Kd;du; jtwtplg;gl;l Nahfu; Rthkpfspd; nra;As;fisr; Nru;jJ ; ntspaplg;gl;lJ. njhlu;eJ ; k; ew;rpe;jid E}y; ,d;wstpy; gy gjpg;Gfisf; fz;Lte;Js;sJ. rptNahf Rthkpfspd; rpj;jhe;jr; nrOikgw;wp tpsf;Fk; kw;WnkhU E}y; rpj;jhe;j irt newpj; jpwTNfhy; vd;gjhFk;. aho;g;ghzk; rurhiyiar; Nru;e;j r.jpahfuhrh mtu;fs; 1971 ,y; vOjpAs;s ,e;E}y; nfhOk;G> Nlhrd; tPjpapypUe;J mUnshsp mr;rfj;jpdhy; mr;rpl;L toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;jpa jj; J tq; f spd; rpwg; g pid xUq; N f nfhz; l J njd;dhl;by; vOe;j irtrpj;jhe;j jj;Jtk; vd;gu;.

12 Mk; E}w;whz;by; vOe;j nka;fz;lNjtupd; ïªJ xË

50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

39

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

jiytdhff; nfhz;L 1963,y; ghlg;ngw;w gps;isj; jkpo;g; gpuge;jr; nra;Al;fs; ,it. ,r;nra;As; mt;tg;NghJ rptnjhz;ld; ,jo;fspYk; Kd;du; ntspahfpd. KOikahd njhFg;ghf gpd;du; Rthkp gps;isj; jkpo; vd;w ngaupy; E}YUtpy; ntspaplg;gl;Ls;sJ. <oj;Jr; rpj;ju;fs; vd;w E}y; Mj;kN[hjp eh.Kj;ijah mtu;fshy; rhtfr;NrupapypUe;J Mj;kN[hjp epiyag; gpuRukhf brk;gu; 1980 ,y; ntspaplg;gl;lJ. gpd;du; 1988 ,Yk; 1994 ,Yk; ,e;E}y; kPs;gjpg;Gr; nra;ag;gl;lJ. (1994 ,y; nrd;id Fkud; gjpg;gfk; ntspapl;l kPs;gjpg;gpy; Kjw; gjpg;ghfTk;; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ). fle;j fhyq;fspy; <oj;jpy; tho;e;j Nahfu; Rthkpfs; cs;spl;l gjpdhW <oj;Jr; rpj;ju;fis ,e;E}y; mwpKfg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. Nahfu; Rthkpfs;> filapw; Rthkpfs; > gukFU Rthkpfs; > Foe; i jNtw; Rthkpfs;> mUsk;gy Rthkpfs;> etehj rpj;ju;> ngupahidf; F l; b Rthkpfs; > rpj; j hidf; F l; b Rthkpfs;> riltuj Rthkpfs;> Mde;j rlhl;ru FU> nry;yhr;rp mk;ikahu;> jhisahd; Rthkpfs;> kfhNjt Rthkpfs;> rilak;kh> ehfehj rpj;ju;> eapdhjPTr; Rthkpfs; Mfpa gjpdhW rpj;ju;fs; gw;wpa tpupthd tho;f;if tuyhW fl;Liutbtpy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sd. ,e;E}y; 1980 Mk; Mz;Lf;Fupa rhfpj;jpa kz;lyg; guprpidg; ngw;wJ. rpj; ; j Nahf Rthkpfs; vd; w E}y; jpU. jp.tpRtypq; f k; mtu; f shy; njhFf; f g; n gw; W fdlh> irtrpj;jhe;j kd;wj;jpdhy; Vg;uy; 2003,y; ntspaplg;gl;bUe;jJ. aho;;g;ghzj;J khKdptu; rptNahf Rthkpfs; gw;wp md;Gnewp ,jo;fspy; fhyj;Jf;Ff;fhyk; rka mwpQu;fshy; vOjg;gl;L ntspte;j fl;LiufisAk;> md;Gnewp ,jopd; Mrpupau; jiyaq;fq;fs; rpytw;iwAk; NtWrpy fl;LiufisAk; njhFj;Jr; rpWE}yhf ,e;E}y; ntspte;Js;sJ. nkhj;jk; gjpide;J fl;Liufs; ,jpy; ,lk; n gWfpd; w d. rptNahfRthkpfspd; tho;Tk; gzpAk; mtu; fhl;ba topfSk; gy;NtW ghu;itfspD}lhf ,q;F gjpTngWfpd;wd.

Nahfu; Rthkpfspd; ghw; n fhz; l gw; W jy; fhuzkhf> mf;fhyfl;lj;jpy; mtUld; tho;eJ ; gofp mDgtk;ngw;w gy jkpo;g;ngupahu;fs; gpd;dhspy; jkJ kyUk; epidTfisg; gfpue ; J ; nfhz;L mtw;iw E}y;fspd; thapyhfg; gjpTnra;Jk; te;Js;shu;fs;. mt;tifapy; vd; neQ;rpy; ,lq;nfhz;l xU ngupahu; vd;w E}y; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. khdpg;gha; Nyhl;ld; tPjpiar; Nru;e;j K.ituKj;J vd;gtu; ,jid [_d; 1980 ,y; vOjpapUe;jhu;. aho;gg ; hzk;: = rz;Kfehj mr;rfk; ,jd; mr;Rg;nghWg;ig Vw;wpUe;jJ. gpd;du; ,e;E}y; 1989,y; aho;g;ghzk;

nfhs;iffs; Kjyha gy tplaq; f is ,e; E } y; njspTgLj; J fpd; w J. ,e;E}y; VO ,ay;fshf tFf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mit fNzru; Njhj;jpuk; (mg;gu; jhz;lfk; 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ ghbdhu; > J}z; L Nfhs; ciuAk; tuyhWk;)> gpwe;j jpfjp (Ie;jhz;L tpoh> mw;Gjq;fs;)> ew;rpe;jid cUthfpwJ (MW Kfq;fs;> Njthu jpUthrfKjhak; > Nrhjpapy; Mo; e ; j gpd;dNu gjpfq;fs; ghbAs;shu;> ew;rpe;jid cUthfpwJ)> tuyhW (FUjPl;ir)> ROKdh ehb jpwj;jy;> Ie;jhz;L tpoh (,uz;lhtjhf mk;ik mg;gu; juprdk;> epu;tpfy;g rkhjp)> Xq;fhu Nkilapy; gapw;rp (fjpu;fhk ahj;jpiu)> aho;g;ghzf; Nfhapy; nfhz;nlOjy; (nfhl;bYk; nry;yg;ghr; rhkpahUk;> kfhrkhjp nfhz;l Nrit) Mfpa ,ay;fspy; ,e;E}y; tpupfpd;wJ. Rthkp rupjk; vd;Dk; rptNahf Rthkpfs; jpUr;rupjk; vd;w E}y; aho;g;ghzk;> tz;zhu; gz;iz> nghd;dg;gh tPjpiar; Nru;e;j f.fp. eluh[d; mtu; f shy; vOjg; g l; L > 1974 Mk; Mz;L Nk khjk;> aho;g;ghzk;> = rz;Kfehj mr;rfj;jpy; mr;rplg;ngw;W ntspahfpapUe;jJ. gpuk; k = rp.fNziraupd; khztuhftpUe; J jkpo; f w; w tu; nre; j kpo; r ; rpNuhkzp> gz; b j tpj; J thd; f.fp. eluh[d; mtu; f s; . ,tu; aho; g ; g hzk; > Nahfu; R thkpfspd; gf; j dhf tpsq;fpatu;.Rthkpfspd; gzpfisg; Nghw;Wk; rptnjhz;ld; epiyak;> rptnjhz;ld; gj;jpupif> kw;Wk; rptnjhz;ld; epiyaj;jpy; ,lk;ngWk; Guhz gldq;fs; Kjyhdtw;wpy; jPtpu gq;fhw;wpatu;. rptnjhz;ld; vd;w khj ,jio khu;fop 1934,y; njhlq;fp ePz;lfhyk; ntspapl;L te;jtu; vd;w ngUikAk; f.fp.eluh[d; mtu; f Sf; F z; L .

Nahfu; Rthkpfs; tuyhw;iw mtu; tho;e;j 92 Mz;LfspYk; ele;j rk;gtq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;like;jjhfr; nra;As;tbtpy; ,e;E}ypy; f.fp. eluh[d; toq;fpapUf;fpwhu;. ,r;nre;jkpo;g; ghf;fspy;; nghUs;eak;> Xireak;> nrhy;eak;> re;jr; rpwg;Gfs; vd;gd rpwg;ghf mikag;ngw;Ws;sd. f. fp. eluh[d; mtu;fs; ,aw;wpa kw;WnkhU E}yhd Rthkp gps;isj; jkpo; vd;w E}y;gw;wpAk; ,q; F Fwpg; g pLjy; nghUj; j khdJ. ,e; E }iy aho;g;ghzk; $l;LwTj; jkpo;E}w; gjpg;G tpw;gidf; fofk; [_d; 1969 ,y; jdJ mr;rfj;jpy; mr;rpl;L ntspapl;Ls;sJ. Nahfu; Rthkpfs; kPJ jhd; nfhz;l mjPj gf;jpahy;> mtiug; ghl;Lilj;

ïªJ xË

40

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

E}ypy; mtw;iwg; gjpT jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹ nra;jpUf;fpwhu;. gz;bju; Nf.vd;. etuj;jpdk; vd;gtu; ,yq;ifapypUe;J Gyk;ngau;e;Jnrd;W mT];jpNuypahtpy; thOk; 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ xU Nahfu; Rthkp gf;ju;.

A+dpau; rPdpau; vd;w ngaupy; mtu; tpf;Nuhupah khepyj;jpypUe;J brk;gu; 1999 ,y; xU E}iy vOjp> nrd;idapYs;s fhe;jsfk; ntspaP l ; l fj; j pd; Clhf ntspapl; b Ue; j hu; . fle;j E}w;whz;by; tho;e;j mUk;ngUk; up~pahfkfhdhff; fz; l wpag; g l; l nfhOk; G j; J iw rptNahf Rthkpfspd; rpe;jidfs; gw;wpa E}y; mJ. jd; ,sikg; gUtj;jpy; 1949 Mk; Mz;by; E}yhrpupau; xUjlit Nahfh;Rthkpfisf; fhzr; “Rk;kh” nry;fpwhu;. mtiu cgrupj;j Nahfu; Rthkpfs;> jd; ifapypUe;j Mq;fpy %ykhd gftj; fP i j E}iyr; rpwpJ Neuk; cuj; J thrpf;fg; gzpf;fpwhu;. gpd;du; rpwpJ Neuj;jpy; E}iy kPsg;ngw;Wf;nfhs;fpwhu; Nahfu; Rthkpfs;. gpd;du; Mrpupaupd; fy;tpj; jifik gw;wpf; Nfl;f,tu; rPdpau; vd;fpwhu;. clNd Rthkpfs;>“mg;Ngh eP> A+dpau;-rPdpau; vd;W mtuJ fhjpy; cuf;f xypf;f ,uz;L %d;W Kiw XJfpwhu;. ,e;j A+dpau;-rPdpau; (Junior-Senior = you near - see near rhkpg rh&gk;- eP mz;kpj;J tpl;lha; - juprdk; fhz;gha;) vd;w ke;jpuk; gpd;dhspy; jd; tho;f;ifapy; nra;Jtpl;l jpUtUl;nray;fis ,e;E}ypy; gz;bju; Nf.vd;. etuj;jpdk; tpupthff; $Wfpwhu;. vd;id vdf;F mwptpj;j vq;fs; FUehjd; vd; w E}y; ehtyg; g pl; b Mj; kN[hjp rQ; r pifapd; Mrpupauhd eh.Kj;ijah mtu;fs; fdlhtpy; tho;ej ; Ntisapy; fdlh> ,e; J rkag; Nguitapd; thapyhf xd;whupNah khepyj;jpy;> Nk> 1999 ,y; aho;g;ghzj;J khKdptu; rptNahf Rthkpfspd; 125tJ n[ae;jp tpohtpd; NghJ ntspaplg;gl;lJ. E}yhrpupau; mkuu; eh. Kj;ijah mtu;fs;> Nahfu; Rthkpfsplk; jhd; ngw;w QhdmDgtq;fis ,e;E}ypy; tpupthf tpsf;fpAs;shu;. jhd; thOk; N ghJ> rptNahf Rthkpfspd; Md;kPf rpe;jidfspy; jpisj;jtuhd Mj;kN[hjp eh. Kj;ijah mtu;fspd; rptgjg;Ngw;wpd; (8.9.1995) epidthf fdlhtpy; = Iag;gd; Myaj;jpy; Nahfh; Rthkpfspd; FUG+ir jpd epfo;r;rpapd; NghJ 23.03.1997 ,y; ntspaplg;ngw;w E}y;> rptNahf Rthkpfs; khu; f ; f z; L RthkpfSf; F mUspa kzpnkhopfs; vd;gjhFk;. fdlh> ,e;Jrkag; Nguit> khu;r; 1997 ,y; ,e;E}iy ntspapl;bUe;jJ.

rptnjhz;ld; rigapduhYk; ,uz;lhtJ gjpg;ghf ntspaplg;gl;bUe;jJ. fhtp cLj;jplhky; fkz;lyk; vLj;jplhky; JwT G+z;l KdpGq;ftu; Nahf Rthkpfs; tho;itAk; thf;ifAk; gw;wpa xU rpy Fwpg;GfNs ,e;E} y; vdyhk;. 1974,y; vOjg;ngw;w ,f;fl;Liufs; 1980Mk; Mz; b NyNa E}YUthFk; tha; g ; G g; ngw; w pUe; j J. itj; j P ] ; t ud; Nfhtpw; re; j p> nts; s tj; i jf; flw; f iu> mw; G jkhd Kjw; juprdk;> NrhjidAQ; rhjidAk;> ,y;yj;jpy; mike;j topghl;liw> gpugQ;rk; ,iwtd; khu;gpy; xU jq;fg; gjf;fk;> rPu;jpUj;jthjpAk; rtu;f;fhuf; fl; b Ak; > vl; b Yk; vz; g jpYk; > tpLthNdd; gpbg; g hNdd; > kjpahy; KbahJ> Ntz; L jy; Ntz;lhik ,yhjhu;f;Fj; jl;Lg;ghNlJ? Jwtpf;F cau;NtJ jho;NtJ> fUizf; fsQ;rpak;> Jwtpf;F Nte;jDk; JUk;G> jhapDk; ey;y jiytd;> E} jdk; xd;Wkpy;iy> FUgf;jp> ahj;jpiu Kbe;j ,lk;> jtKk; jtKilahu;f;F> vd; gpuhu;j;jid Mfpa jiyg;Gfspy; mike;j ,UgJ fl;Liufs; ,e;E}ypy; Nahfh;Rthkpfspd; tho;f;ifiaAk; gzpfisAk; gjpTnra;fpd;wd. vkJ FUehju; rptNahf Rthkpfs; vd;w E}y;> rutzKj;J fe;ijah vd;gtuhy; njhFf;fg;gl;L> nfhOk;G> nka;fz;lhd; epWtd ntspaPlhf 1965,y; ntspaplg;gl;bUe;jJ. ,e;E}ypy; vkJ FUehju; vd;w jiyg;gpy; rutzKj;J fe;ijah> = Nahfu; Rthkpfs; vd;w jiyg;gpy; f. ,uhkr;re;jpud;> Njhd;whj; Jizaha; ,Ue;jdd; vd;w jiyg;gpy; Mj; k N[hjp eh. Kj; i jah> Nahf Rthkpfs; vd;w jiyg;gpy; v];. ,uhkehjd;> Nahfehj tUf tUfNt vd; w jiyg; g py; ,ye; i jf; Fsj;jhd;> rpe;jidj; JZf;F vd;w jiyg;gpy; =uq;fhde;j Rthkpfs;> FUehju; epidg;G vd;w jiyg;gpy; ftpNahfp Rj;jhde;j ghujpahu; MfpNahu; vOjpa VO Mf;fq;fs; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sd. Nahfu; Rthkpfspd; kiwtpd; Xuhz; L G+u; j ; j piaf; Fwpf;FKfkhf nka;fz;lhd; epWtdj;jpd; ,ytr ntspaPlhf ,e;E}y; ntspaplg;gl;lJ. rptd; mbahd; vd;w ngaupy; xU mbahu; vOjp 1987 ,y; ntspapl;l xU E}y; capu;f;Fapu;f; flTshfpa rptNahf Rthkpfs; vd;w E}yhFk;. aho;gg ; hzj;jpypUe;J ntspte;j ,e;E}y; nrl;bahu; mr;rfj;jpy; mr;rplg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. jdf;fpUe;j rptNahf RthkpfSldhd njhlu;G gw;wpg; ngUkpjk; nfhs;Sk; rptd; mbahd;> mtuJ gy;NtW jpUtpisahly;fisg;gw;wp mf;fhyj;jpy; ntspte;j gj;jpupiffSk; Rthkpfspd; rPlu;fSk; $wpa fUj; J f; f isj; Njbj; njhFj; J > ,e;

ïªJ xË

41

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

jiytUk; eh]h tpQ;QhdpAkhd fyhepjp Mu;w; Xq; [{k; rha;> Mj;k tprhuj; JZf;F Mfpa Mf;fq;fs; ,e;E}ypy; Nkyjpfkhf ,lk;ngw;Ws;sd. ,tw; i wtpl gy fy; n tl; L fspYk; > irt rkag;ghly; jpul;LfspYk; Nahfu; Rthkpfs; gw;wpa tplaq;fSk;> mtuJ ew;rpe;jidfSk;> mbahu;fspd; mDgtq;fSk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mkuj;Jtkile;j aho;g;ghzk; kzpf;$l;L tPjpiar; Nru;e;j jpUkjp fkNy];tup fNzrypq;fk; (19.02.1951- 13.03.2005) mtu;fspd; epidthf mtuJ rptgjg;Ngw;wpd;NghJ ntspte;j gupksj; jpul;L vd;w 258 gf;f E}y; gw;wp ,q;Nf Fwpg;gplg;glyhk;. mtuJ fztu;>R. fNzrypq; f k; > kfs; f.jhf; ~ hapdp ,UtUk; njhFj;J nrd;id> jpUthd;kpA+upypUe;J Vg;uy; 2005,y; ,e;E}y; ntspaplg;gl;lJ. tpehafu; ftrk; Kjy; Nahfu; Rthkpfs; ghly;fs; tiu 29 jiyg;Gf;fspy; jpUKiwfisAk;> Njhj;jpug; ghly;fisAk; nfhz;l ghupa njhFg;G ,JthFk;. ,j;jifa fy;ntl;Lfspy; Nahfu; Rthkpfspd; tho;f;if tuyhw;Wf; Fwpg;G> mbahu; mDgtk;> ew;rpe;jidg; ghly;fs; vdg; gy;NtW mk;rq;fspd; thapyhfTk; rptNahfu; Rthkpfspd; epidTfs; rhjhuz kf;fs; kj;jpapYk; ,d;Wk; Ngzg;gl;LtUtJ mtu; ,d;Dk; vk; neQ;rq;fspy; Fbaku;e;Js;shu; vd;gijNa fhl;Lfpd;wJ. Rthkpfs; gw;wp Mq;fpyj;jpYk; rpy E}y;fs; ntspte;Js;sd. Songs and Sayings of Yoga Swami vd;w E}y; rpt njhz;ld; epiya ntspaPlhf te;j Mq;fpy E}y;fSs; Kf;fpakhdJ xd;whFk;. ,J 1974 ,y; ntspte;jJ. Tamil Sages and Seers of Ceylon vd;w E}y; mkuu; tp. Kj;Jf;FkhuRthkp mtu;fshy; 1971 ,y; vOjg;gl;lJ. 17 Mk; E}w;whz;by; tho;e;j =y= Qhdg;gpufhr jk;gpuhd;> 1865-1949 fhyg;gFjpapy; tho;e;j cyfzk; Rthkp (Ulahanam Swamy) vd;w Kj;Jf;Fkhu jk;gpuhd;> MfpNahUld; 1871-1964 fhyg;gFjpapy; tho;e;J kiwe;j ekJ rptNahfu; Rthkpfs; gw;wpAk; mtu;fsJ tho;Tk; gzpfSk; gw;wp ,e;E}y; tpupthf tpsf;fpAs;sJ. mz; i kf; f hyq; f spy; jfty; njhopy; E l; g etP d tsu; r ; r papdhy; ,izaj; j sq; f s; gy cUthfpAs;sd. Nahfu; Rthkpfspd; ngaupYk; mtuJ mbahu;fshy; gy jsq;fs; ,af;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wd. aho;gg ; hzk; rptnjhz;ld; epiyaj;jpd; ,izaj;jpYk; mtu;fsJ mz;ikf;fhy ntspaPLfisf; fhz Kbfpd;wJ. ,f; f l; L iu njhlu; g hd fUj; J f; f isg; gupkhwpf;nfhs;f: noolthettam.ns@gmail.com

aho; g ; g hzj; J r; rpt Nahf Rthkpfs; khu;ff ; z;L RthkpfSf; F mUspa kzpnkhopfspd; njhFg;ghf ,J mikfpd;wJ. rptNahf Rthkpfs; : 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ md; g u; f spd; mDgtk; . vd;w jiyg;gpyhd E}y; tpkyh fpU~; z gps; i s mtu;fisg; gjpg;ghrpupauhff; nfhz;L> nfhOk;G> rptNahf Rthkpfspd; jpUtb ek;gpf;ifg; nghWg;G mikg;gpdhy; Mtzp 1998 ,y; ntspaplg;gl;bUe;jJ. rptNahf Rthkpfspd; md;gu;fspd; cs;sq;fspy; Rthkpapd; epidTfs; ,d;Wk; gRikahf cs;sd vd;gij ,e;E}y; njspthf vLj;Jf;fhl;Ltjhf mike;jpUe;jJ. mtu;fs; ngw;w mupa mDgtq;fs; gw; w pa kdg; g jpTfs; ,e; E }ypy; tpupthfj; njhFf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mfpy ,yq; i f rkhjhd eP j thdhfTk; > rj; j pa nkhopngau; g ; g hsuhfTk; gzpahw; w pa f. ,uhruj; j pdk; fpspnehr; r p fdfGuj; i jr; Nru; e ; j tu; . Nahfh; R thkpfSk; fpspnehr; r pAk; : xU Md; k P f ahj; j piu vd; w E}iy ,tu; nehtk;gu; 2004 ,y; vOjpapUe;jhu;. fpspnehr;rp> n[ae; j p efupYs; s kfhNjth Mr; r pukKk; > fpspnehr; r p>td; N dupf; F sj; j pYs; s Nahfu; Rthkpfs; KjpNahu; ,y;yKk; ,ize;J ,e;E}iy ntspapl;bUe;jd. ,e;E}ypy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s gy;NtW tiff; fl;LiufSs; xd;whd Nahfh; RthkpfSk; fpspnehr;rpAk; vd;w fl;Liuapd; jiyg;igNa ,e;E}Yf;Fk; Mrpupau; toq;fpapUf;fpwhu;. Kjy; 32 gf;fq;fspy; gy;NtW Md;kPf> fy;tpapay;> epu; t hfj; J iwg; gpuKfu; f spd; MrpAiufs; tho; j ; J iufs; mzpe; J iufSld; njhlq; F k; ,e;E}ypy;> vQ;rpa 140 gf;fq;fspYk; Nahfh; RthkpfSk; fpspnehr; r pAk; > Nahfh; R thkpfs; ghbaUspa ew;rpe;jidg; ghly;fSk; jpUKfq;fSk;> fhaj;jpup ke;jpuKk; gjtpsf;fKk;> rptj;njhz;lUk; jpUj;njhz;lUk; ehLk; <oj;J ew;wkpo; ehl;L Qhdg; nghf;fp~q;fspy; rpyu; (,J rptj;njhz;ld; kyu; 22(01) ,d; kPs;gjpg;G)> fdlh Mu; . fpU~; z gps; i sapd; fl; L iuahd nksdk;> fpU~;z%u;j;jpapd; rpe;jidfs; (fdlh Mu; . fpU~; z gps; i sapd; Mq; f pyf; fl; L iu)> ,e; j pa [dhjpgjp khz; G kpF V.gp.N[.mg; J y; fyhk; mtu;fspd; tho;f;iff; Fwpg;G> Mo;kdj; jpahdj; j pypUe; j Ntis fz; L gpbg; g pidr; nra;Njd;-ghq;nfhf; rj;jparhap gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd;

ïªJ xË

42

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

rptNahf Rthkpfspd; ew;rpe;jidAk; ehd;F kfh thf;fpaq;fSk;

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

itj;jpafyhepjp. r. KUfhde;jd; 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

ek;kpilNa

fle; j E}w; w hz; b y; tho; e ; j ,iwgjkile;j rptNahf Rthkpfspdhy; mUspr; nra;ag;gl;l ew;rpe;jidia mtu;jk; mbahu;fs; Nghw; w pg; gzpe; J ghb gpuhu; j ; j pg; g J toik.

FUtopghl; b d; Nghnjy; y hk; ew; r pe; j idapd; rpy gFjpfisahtJ $l;Lg; g[idapy; ghb jpUtb topghL nra;tij gf;ju;fs; toikahf nfhz;Ls;sdu;. rptNahf Rthkpfspd; ew;rpe;jidapy; ehd;F kfh thf; f paq; f s; ,Uf; f pd; w d. ,k; kfh thf;fpaq;fs; ehd;Fk; gy jlitfs; ew;rpe;jidapy; ,lk; n gw; W s; s ikia mbahu; f s; mwpthu; f s; . ,k;kfh thf;fpaq;fis FUtpd; gf;ju;fs; mupa ke;jpukhf Nghw;wp tUfpd;wdu;.

1.

2.

3.

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Nfl;l ke;jpu kfh thf;fpaq;fspy; nghjpe;jpUe;j Kw;wpYkhd cz;ikapid mikjpahf ,Ue;J mirNghl; l hu; . rpWtajpypUe; N j <Lghl; L ld; gbj;j rka E}y;fspy; ngw;w mwpT khj;jpukd;wp FUtpd; mUl;fhl;rKk; ,t; cz;ikg; nghUis czu itj;jJ. Mr;rpuk tho;tpy; mikjpahf ,Ue;J mirNghl;Lk;> ePs epide;Jk;> epl;il $bAk;> Nahfj;jku;eJ ; k;> jpahdpj;Jk; FUtpd; kfh thf;fpaq;fshd FWfpa ke;jpuj;jpd; cl;nghUshd guk;nghUis czu;e;J nfhz;lhu;. ,k; kfh thf; f paq; f s; ehd; Fk; fLifj; Jisj;J vOfliyg; GFj;jpaJ Nghy; mike;jpUf;fpd;wd. vkJ jha;nkhopahk; jkpopy; mike;jpUg;gJk; ,d;ndhU rpwg;ghFk;. ,k;kfh thf; f paq; f spYs; s cl; n ghUis fz; l wpe; J ntspg; g Lj; j pajhdJ jj; J tQhd cyfpy; xU iky; fy;yhf fUjg;gLfpwJ. ,k;ke;jpu thu;j;ijfspd; nghUSzu;e;J XjptUNthkhapd; guk;nghUis Kw;whf mwpe;J nfhs;sKbAk;. $lNt jw;fhypfkhf clypypUe;J Md;khit NtWgLj;jp czuKbAk;. ,jd; nghUl;fis czu;e;J ehk; Xjp tUNthkhdhy; rPtyhgk; ngwKbAnkd rptNahf Rthkpfspd; rP l uhd nry;yj;Jiu Rthkpfs; mbf;fb ,ak;Gthu;. mLj;J ,k; kfh thf;fpaq;fspd; cl;nghUs; gw;wp Rthkpfspd; Gupjy; gw;wp Nehf;FNthk;. ‘xU nghy;yhg;Gkpy;iy’ - FU mUspr; nra;j KjyhtJ ke;jpuk; ,Jjhd;. nry;yg;gh Rthkp mspj;j jPf;if ke;jpukhd ,jd; rhu;G nkhop> xU FiwAk; ,y;iy vd;gJjhd;. gQ;rk;> gil> nts;sk;> Gay;> ,fo;rr ; p> Njhy;tp> el;lk;> gpzp> KJik> rhT vd vJtpj nghy;yhg;Gkpy;yhj epiyiaNa ,J Fwpg;gjhf vz;ZtJ ghkuj;jdkhd vLNfhshFk;.

Jd;gk; ,y;yhj ,d;gk; cyf tho;tpy; ,y;iy vd; g J ,aw; i fapd; epajp vd; g jhy; > xU nghy;yhg;Gkpy;iy vd;w ke;jpu thf;fpd; nghUs;> nghy;yhg;G gw;wpa tprhuNk MFk;. xU nghy;yhg;Gk; czuhj epiyia va; j iy ,J Fwpf; F k; .

xU nghy;yhg;Gkpy;iy KOJk; cz;ik vg;gNth Kbe;j fhupak; ehkwpNahk;

,e;j ehd;F nrhw; njhlu;fSf;Fs; msg;gupa jj;Jtq;fs; mlq;fpapUg;gjdhNyNa mbatu;fs; ,tw;iw ke;jpuk; Nghy; nrg;gpj; Jjpj;J tUfpd;wdu;.

Ntj nka;E}ypNy mfg;gpukh];kp> jj;Jtk]p> gpuf;Qhdk; gpukk;> m`k; Mj;kh gpukk; Kjyhd ehd;F thf;fpaq;fSk; guNghfk; Ja;gg ; pf;Fk; Mw;wy; tha;e;j ngU ke;jpukhf Nghw;wg;gLtJNghyNt Nkw; F wpg; g pl; l Nahfu; Rthkpapd; thf; f paj; njhlu;fSk; Nghw;wg;gLfpd;wd. rptNahf Rthkpfspd; Qhd FUthd nry;yg;gh Rthkpfs; ey;Y}u; Njubapy; tPw;wpUe;J cjpu;j;j kfh thf;fpaq;fNs ,it. ,tw;iw mtu; XahJ nrhy;ypf;nfhz;bUe;jik rPluhd Nahf Rthkpfspd; kdjpYk; Mog;gjpe;jpUe;jJ. ngUj;j nghUs; nfhz;l ,k;ke;jpu trdq;fspd; cl;nghUis Nahfu; Rthkpfshy; jhkjkhf Gupe;Jnfhs;s Kbe;jJ. ke;jpukhd me;j nrhw;gjq;fSf;Fs;Ns nghjpe;jpUe;j ngUk; nghUisj; Njbf; fz;Lnfhz;lhu;. FUtplk; ïªJ xË

43

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

mUnshspfF ; s;Ns ,Uf;Fk; Md; k h vd; w czu; N t xU nghy; y hg; G kpy; y hj epiyia cUthf; F k; . cyf ,Uspy; Mo;ej ; pUf;Fk; tiu ‘xU nghy; y hg; G k; 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ ,y;iy’ vd;w mwpthu;e;j tprhuj;Jf;F ,lkpy;iy. mUs; xspf;Fs; Mde;jkhf ,Uf;Fk; NghJ vq;Fk; eykhfNt ,Uf;Fk;. mUnshspiar; #o; e ; j pUf; F k; ,Ushy; xU nghy;yhg;Gk; ,y;iy. Kjypy; nry;yg;gh Rthkpfs; xU nghy;yhg;Gk; ,y;iy vd XjpaNghJ rptNahfu; Rthkpfshy; mjd; nghUs; gw;wp Njwpj; njspa KbahjpUe; j J. kiyg; i gj; jUk; ku;k nkhopahf ,Ue;jJ. ,e;j jPf;if nkhopahy; cUtk;> mUtk; ,tw;wpw;fg;ghyhd jpUtUs;> mjw;Fk; mg;ghyhd Nrhjp nrh&gk; vd;gtw;iw vy;yhk; mk;nkhop %yk; gjpa itj;j FUtpd; kfpikia gpd;du; Nahfu; Rthkpfs; mwpe;Jnfhz;lhu;. ,jdhy; gukhjpraj;ij fz;L ngUtpag;nga;jpdhu;. jpUtbj; jPf;if ngWk; tiu ,g;ngU ke;jpuNk mUs;nkhopf;Fs; GFe;J nry;Yk; Ngwpidf; nfhLj;jJ. FUtUshy;> jpUtb Qhdk; tha;j;J> ,e;j cyfk; fdntd;W njspe;J> Qhdj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; Rfj;jpy; Rfpj;jpUj;jy; kl;LNk ‘xU nghy;yhg;Gkpy;iy’ vd;gij ,k; ke;jpu thf;fpaj;jhy; Gupe;Jnfhz;lhu;. ‘Rk;kh ,U’ vd FU $wpaJk; ,ijNa jhd;. kfh ke;jpuj;jpd; mLj;j thf;fpak; ‘KOJk; cz;ik’ vd;gjhFk;. ‘rh;tk; gpuk;k kak;’ vd;gJk; ,JNt. ,jd; rhu;G nkhopahf vy;yhk; ,iw&gk;> vy;yhk; ,iwnray; vd;gd KOtJk; cz;ik vd;W ciuf;fpd;wJ. mstpl KbahJ vq;Fk; vjpYk; epiwe; j pUf; F k; ,iwtdpd; cd; d j cz;ik epiyia> ,t;TyF fle;J> gpugQ;rk; vq;FNk epiwe;j pUf; F k; cz; i k epiyiaf; $WtNj Kw;wpYk; cz;ik. mz;lk; midj;Jkha; epiwe;jpUf;Fk; ,iwtd; xt;nthU capupYk; rlg;nghUspYk; ,Uf;fpd;whd; vd;gJ KOtJk; cz;ik!. ,iwtd; cd;dplKk; ,Uf;fpd;whd; vd rpj;ju;fSk;> nka;;Q;QhdpfSk; $WtJk; ,ijNa jhd;. MfNt KOJKz;ik vd;w kfh thf;fpaj;jpd; Kbe;j epiy ed;Nkhd epiwtpdpy; nghUe;j itg;gNjahFk;.

Rthkpfspd; mLj;j kfh thf;fpak; ‘vg;gNth Kbe;j fhupak;’ vd;gjd; rhu;G thf;fpaq;fs;

ïªJ xË

xU E}jdKk; ,y;iy> Kbe;j KbG> mg;gbNa cs;sJ vd;gd MFk;. ‘vg;gNth’ vd;w nrhy; cz;ikg; nghUs; cyf fhupakhfj; Njhd;Wk; mehjpj; jd; i kiaf; Fwpf; f pwJ. ‘Kbe; j ’ vDk; gjk; cz;ik nghUs; cyf fhupakhfj; Njhd;Wtijf; Fwpf;fpwJ. ‘fhupak;’ vDk; nrhy; VfkhfpAk; Rj;jkhd mUnshspAKs;s cz;ikg; nghUs; vt; t pj khw; w Kkpd; w p ,Ue; j gbNa ,Ue; J nfhz; L > vy; y hkhd Nfhyq; f isAk; > ,d;g Jd;gkhd ,Ul;ftpahAk; Njhd;Wk; cyf fhupaj;ijf; Fwpf;;fpwJ. vg;gNth Kbe;j fhupak; vd;w NgUz;ikf;Fs; mlq;FtNj xU rpw;Wapupd; gpwg;G> tho;T. ,wg;G> ,wg;gpw;Fg; gpe;jpad ahTk; vg;gNth jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;l xU xOq;fpd;gbNa epfo;fpd;wd vd;gijf; Fwpf;fpwJ. vy;yhk; vg;gNth Kbe;jit vd;w Qhdg;nghUis ,J tpsf;FfpwJ. vg;gNth Kbe;j fhupak; vDk; kfh thf;fpak; cyf fhupaq;fshy; jhf;FwhJ gugug;gw;W thoTk;> ed;Nkhd epiyapw; nghUe;jp cgrhe;jKwTk; mUSk; ke;jputhf;fhFk;. ngUthf;fpaj;jpd; ehd;fhtJk; ,WjpAkhdJ ‘ehkwpNahk;’ vd;gjhFk;. ,jd; rhu;G thf;fpak; Muwpthu; vd;gJ. vj;je;jpuj;jpy; Njbg;NghdhYk; mJ me;juj;jpy; kiwe;J epw;Fk; vd;W> cz;ikg; nghUs;gw;wp Nahfu; Rthkpfspd; ew;rpe;jidapy; $wg;gLtJk; ‘ehkwpNahk;’ vd;gijj;jhd; Xq;fhu topiaAk;> Xq;fhuj;Jl;nghUis nrd;wilAk; newpiaAk; xUtUk; mwpahu;. mz;lkha; Xq;fp epw; F k; guk; n ghUs; vq; F k; epiwe; j pUg; g pDk; cyf tho;tpy; %o;fpapUg;gu; mij mwpahu; vd;gijNa ‘ehkwpNahk;’ vd;W Rthkpfs; Fwpg; g pLfpwhu; . ehkwpNahk; vd; g J ed; N khd epiwtpy; %o;fpf; fplf;fr; nra;Ak; Kbe;j Kbthd Qhdkzpg;G+ldkhFk;. ,JNt Ngupd;g epiyf;F ,l;Lr;nry;Yk;. nka;Q ; Q ; hd E}y;fspy; gue;Jglr; nrhy;yg;gl;ld nty;yhk; ,r;rpwpa ke;jpu kfhthf;fpaq;fspy; kUe;J Nghy tbj;J itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,iwaUs; ehLk; vtUk; mDjpdKk; ,yFthf nghUSzu;;e;J cr;rupf;ff;$ba kfhke;jpuq;fshf ,e;j ehd;F kfh thf;fpaq;fSk; mike;jpUf;fpd;wd. ,k;kfh thf;fpaq;fisg; nghUSzu;eJ ; jpdKk; XJk;NghJ ehk; vy; i yapy; y hj guk; n ghUis neUq; f KbAk; . ,iwtidf; fhz tpUk; G k; vtUk; ,k;ke;jpuj;ij cr;rupj;J jpdKk; topgl;lhy;> mUtKk; cUtKkw;w guk;nghUisj; juprpf;f KbAk; vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy.

44

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

ew;rpe;jidapy; ey;Y}h; KUfd; ghly;fs;

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

fyhepjp re;jdh ey;yypq;fk; (M.A-Ph.D) 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

rp

tNahfRthkpfs; mUspr; nra;j ew;rpe;jid> vDk; E}y; Qhdf;fsQ;rpakhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;E}ypd; “Eiothapy;” (Gjpa gjpg;G;15) ey;Y}H KUfg; ngUkhd;kPJ ghlg;gl;l jpUg;ghly;fs; g+q;nfhj;Jg; Nghd;W ew;rpe;jidapw; njhFf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhff; $WfpwJ. cz;ikapy; ,g;ghly;fis (gf;.83 – gf;.116tiu 44 ghly;fs;) “ey;Y}H KUfd; ghlw;wpul;L” vd;w jiyg;gpDs; mlf; f yhk; N ghw; Njhd; W fpwJ. ,g; g hly; f spw; fhzg; g Lk; gy; NtWgl; l rpwg; g k; r q; f isr; rptNahf Rthkpfspd; md; g Hfs; gbj; J g; gad;ngWkhW njhFj;Jj;jUjy; rhyr;rpwe;jnjd vz;Zfpd;Nwd;. ey;Y}H KUfd; ghly;fspw; ngUk;ghyhdit gz;zikjp nfhz;l fPHj;jdq;fshff; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. Vidait ntz;gh> fypntz;gh> me; j hjp> fz; z p> J}J Mfpad ahg; g ikjp nfhz;l rpW rpW gpuge;jq;fshfg; Nghw;wg;gl Ntz;bait. gf;jpr; Rit edpnrhl;lr; nrhl;lg; ghlg;gl;Ls;s ,g;ghly;fspw; jpUf;Fws; mbfs;> jpUKiwg; ghlybfs;> jpUke;jpuk;> jpUthrfk; Mfpatw;wpd; ghlybfs;> xsitapd; ePjpnewpf; fUj;Jf;fs; vd;gd nrwpe;Js;sikia Nehf;fyhk;. ,g; ghly;fs; FUehjdpd; Fzhjpraq;fs;> fe;jf; flTs; kfpik> ey;Y}Hg; ghly;fspw; Rthkpfs; $Wk; Nghjidfs;> fpspf; fz;zp Md;k <Nlw;wk; Kjyhk; cgjiyg;Gfspd; fPo; Muhag;gl;Ls;sd.

vd;W ,t;thwhfr; nry;yg;gh Rthkpfspd; Qhdf; Fzhjpraq;fisg; ghly;fspw; gjpj;Js;shH.

ey;Y}h;f; fe;jf; flTspd; kfpik mud;kfd;> MWKfd; mfj;jpaHf;F cgNjrk; nra;jtd; mRuHfis mopj;jtd;> fpUjsQ;r fphpiaj; Jfs; gLj;jpatd;> “rq;fk; Koq;f g+jfzq;fs; eLq;f NjtHfs; mufuntdf; $w> fly; xyp nra;a ePy kapypy; Vwp mQ;Nry; vdf; $wp tU KUfd;”. “gf;jH Fohk; thr kyHJ}tpf; ifnjhONjj;Jk;.” ey;y kynuLj;J tzq;fpdhy; kapNywp te;J fhl;rp nfhLg;ghd;”. “Xa;tpd;wpj; NjtHfSk;> khdplUk; tzq;Fk; ey;Y}H>” “NtyNd> tpkyNd vd cr;rhpf;fg; ghtq;fs; mWk;”. jtk; Xq;Fk;> ‘rhe;jk;> nghWikapdhy; rptkhfpa kdk; mlq;Fk;> “Fw;wk; mfYk; Nfhgk; mlq;Fk;>” “ey;Y}Hg; gjpia tzq;FgtH gy Copf;fhyk; cyfpy; thoyhk;”> ,Uis ePf;Fk; ,utpahf kd ,Uis mfw;Wgtd;”> “nfshp ghyd;> fhj;jw; flTs; tzq;Fgtd;> fhl;Lf; Fwj;jp kzhsd;”> “#ugj;kid ntd;W NjtH rpiw kPl;l nry;td;”> gukFU> (gukDf;Fg; gpuztj;ij cgNjrpj;jtd;)> tp~; Z tpd; kUkfd; ”> rrpNjtpapd; kfshk; Njtahidia kze;jtd;”> Ntj cgNjrd;> tpj;ahjudha; Nkyhd fy;tpia mzpe;jtd;> (,e;j ,lj;jpy; tlnkhopr; nrhw;nwhluhy; fkudplj;Jr; Rthkpfs; Kbtpy;yhj rq;fPj Qhdk; Nfl;fpd;whH (gf;.88.”je;ju; KNy)> vd;wpt;thwhff; fe;jf;f ; lTspd; kfpikiar; Rthkp ghLfpwhH.

FUehjdpd; Fzhjpraq;fs; rptNahf Rthkpfs; ,ir Qhdk; iftug; ngw; w tH. jkJ FUehjdhfpa nry; y g; g h Rthkpfisf; fzg;nghOJk; kwthj rpe;ijauhfg; ghly;fspy; gagf;jpAld; mtuJ Fzhjpraq;fisg; ghLfpd;whH. “kdj;ij cUf;Fk; Ngr;rpy; cs;sk; ftHe;jtd;”> “,iwtidg; Gfo;thH> tpag;ghH> ahkwpNahk; vdf; $WthH”> “gagf; j pAld; ghjj;jpy; tPo;e;J tzq;FthH”> “Raepidtpd;wpr; NrhHe;J mg;gNd vdf; $wp mOthH”> “Ntnwhd;Wk; mwpahH” “NjHKl;bg; gbapy; nry;yg;gd; vd;w rPkhd; MHtj;NjhL cs;shd;” “Kfk; Kl;lhisg; Nghy; tpsq;Fk;> gpj;jd; vdg;NgRthH> nja;tPfj; jpUj;jhs;> MuwpthH vd mjl;Lthd;> ghHg;gtH rphpf;Fk; gz;lhuNtlk;> ,Uis ePf;Fk; fjputd; Nghy; vd; mftpUis ePff ; f; Fd;W Nghy; te;jhd;” ïªJ xË

ey;Y}h; KUfd; ghly;fspy; Rthkp vkf;Ff; $Wk; Nghjidfs;

“Rk;kh ,U” vd;Wk; nrhy;Yk; nghUSkw;Wr; Rk; k h ,U” vd; W k; jpahdj; j pw; F vk; i kj; jahH nra;fpwhH. gpwpNjhhplj;jpy; “,ilgpq;fiy ,uz;ilAk; ROKidf;F Vw;wpdhy; kiljpwe;jhw; Nghy; mkpHjk; nghq;fptUk;” vdf; $Wk; NahfH Rthkpfs; vk;ik Qhdpahpd; epiyf;F ,l;Lr; nry; f pwhH. “rhAr; a gjtpapy; Vw; W ” vdf; $Wtjhy; rPtd; rptNdhL fyf;Fk; kpf caHe;j epiyia” mila cgNjrpf;fpd;whH (gf;:110) tpehafH mftYk; ,jid tpsf;fkhff; $Wk;. kz;> ngz;> nghd; vd;gtw;wpy; Miria xopf;f Ntz;LnkdTk;> fhkf; FNuhj> Nyhg Nkhf> 45

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

nra;jy; vd;gtw;iwf; $wp> jP Hj;jk;> jpUeP W > re; j dk; Mfpatw; i wf; fw; g idg; ngz; i z thq; F k; g b nra; J kpff; ftdkhf tP l ; L f; F mDg;gpitf;fpd;whH. ey;Y}H Nfhapy; topghLfis xU NghJk; ghHj;jwpahjtHfs; jhKk; RthkpfSila fpspf; f z; z p %yk; ghHj; J g; gad; milAk; tifapy; ,y;thya jhprdk; mike;Js;sik Nghw;wj;jf;fJ. (gf;: 99-102)

kj> khr; r hpak; vd; D k; jP a Fzq; f is mfw; w Ntz; L nkdTk; Rthkp $WtNjhL ,iwtid cs;Ns fz;L topgLkhWk; Gj;jpkjp $Wfpd;whH. 'kdj;ijg; Gyd;top 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ miyatplhky; > ,sik epiyahik> ahf;if epiyahik vd;gtw;iw czHe;J mwpTf;fwptha;> rpe;jidf;F mg;ghw;gl;ljha; nrwpe;J fhzg;gLk; fe; j f; flTspd; jpUtbfisg; gw; w pf; n fhs; ! fUiz kionghopAk;. thOfpd;w gpwg;ngy;yhk; ,d;gNk! “vkf;Fs;Ns vOfpd;w Mirfis tpLj;J> mWj;Jf; Fkuf; flTspd; ghjq;fisg; Nghw;W” vd NahfHRthkpfs; ey; y wpT Gfl; L fpd; w hH. cy; y hrkhf cyfpw; j php vdr; nrhy; t NjhL> ftiyia kwf;f Ntz;Lk; vdTk; $Wk; Rthkpfs; “Xk; rptha ek vd cs;sj;Js;Ns XJ” vdg; gf;jpf;F top fhl;Lfpd;whH. Nguwpthk; QhdNk xsp tbthdtNd! ey;iyf; Fkuh! ts; s p nja; t hid rfpjk; khdplUk; NjtUk; Jjpg;gtNd> cd;id ek;gpNdd;> tWik Neha; vd;id thl;lhJ mUs; Ghptha; (gf;:89) vdr; Rthkpfs; Ntz;LtJ gf;jUf;fhfNt my;yhJ rptNahf Rthkpfs; vd;w Qhdpf;fhf my;y vd;gij ehk; kdk; nfhs;;sNtz;Lk;.

Md;k <Nlw;wk; ey;Y}Hf; fe;jd; ghly;fis Nehf;Fkplj;J> Rthkpfs; KUff; f lTSf; F k; > nry; y g; g h RthkpfSf; F k; Ngjkw; w epiyapw; ghLfpwhH. Fapw;ghly; Fkudpw; njhlq;fpr; rptngUkhdpy; Kbtiljiy Nehf;fyhk;. KUfidAk;> rptidAk; Rthkpfs; xd; w hfNt fhz; f pwhH. fjpHfhkf; fe;jDk;> ey;Y}Hf; FkuDk; xU jpUKUfdhfNt ghly;fspw; gjpag;gl;Ls;sd. jy NtWghL vkJ Cdf;fz;fSf;Fg; GydhfpwJ. %Hj;jp xUikg;ghL njhpatpy;iy. “…khDk; kOTk; kiwj;J te;J ey;Y}hpy; ehDk; mbatUk; ed;F fsp rpwf;fg; NgZk; FUgud;…” “…jPnjy;yhk; ePq;fr; rptngUkhd; vd;Nghyg; G+jyj;jpy; ey;Y}hpw; Nghe;jhd;…” (gf;;:116)

vd;gd Nghd;w ghlybfs; rptngUkhNd ey;Y} Hf; fe;jd; vd;gijr; re;Njfj;jpw;F ,lkpd;wp CH[pjk; nra;fpd;wd.

fpspf;fz;zp fpspf;fz;zpapy; NahfRthkpfs; fw;gidapNy xU ngz; i z mioj; J f; nfhz; L ey; Y }H Nfhapiy topglr;nrd;whH. fhz;ghd; fhl;rpaw;w epiyf;F vk;ik ,l;Lr; nry;fpwhH. Nfhapypw; rq; f k; xypg; g ijAk; > tP j papy; tpsf; F fspd; gpufhrj;ijAk; $WfpwhH. “tpz;zpNy nghypfpd;w Fkud; jpUtbfisg; Nghw;W” vd;Wk;> rz;gf kuj;jbapy; rhJf;fs; $l;lj;ijAk;> mtHfs; Nghjidiaf; Nfl;f> kz;Nghl;lhy; tpohj gf;jH $l;lj;ijAk; fhl;Lfpd;whH. Gyd; t op nrd; W khwhl; l k; nfhs; s hky; NjHKl;bg; gbapy; ,Uf;Fk; nry;yg;gh Rthkpfis tzq; f pr; nry; Y khW fw; g idg; ngz; i zg; gzpf;fpd;whH. cs;tP jpapy; tz;b tz;baha; ,sePHf;Fiyfs;> fl;Lf; fl;lha;f; fUk;G> gr;rhprp tiffs;> nghd;dpwg; g+f;fs;> thiof;Fiyfs;> Njq;fha; vd;gd Nghd;w g+irg; nghUl;fspd; nghyptpidf; fhl; L fpd; w hH. g+kp eLq; F k; gbahd kzpNahiriaf; $WtNjhL> gf;jHfs; thpirthpiraha; ,Ue;J ghHg;gijAk;> g+rfHfspd; ke;jpu cr;rhldj;ijAk;> fjit %b mgpNlfk; nra;jgpd; fjT jpwf;fg;gLjiyAk; fhl;Lfpd;whH. mQ;rLf;Fj; jPgk; Kjy; gy;tifj; jPgq;fs; fhl;lg;gLjy;> g+ntLj;J me;jzH MrPHthjk; ïªJ xË

“ehTf;fpdp atid ey;yFapNy ek;gid ,q;Ftuf; $TFapNy” “ehd; ghLk; ghlidj;Jk; eae;J nrhy;yp ehjid ,q;Ftuf; $T FapNy” ',sk; gpiw mzpe;j gpuhd; ,q;Nfth vopYld; gwe;J Ngha;f; $TFapNy" (gf;:115)

'cj;jkid ,q;Ftuf; $T FapNy> “ts;siy ,q;Ftuf; $T FapNy” vd;gd Nghd;w ghlybfs; Rthkpfs; jiytdplj; J f; Fapiyj; J}jhf mDg;Gtjhf mikfpd;wd. jd;idj; jiytpahfTk;> ,iwtidj; jiytdhfTk; $Wk; ghlyhy; mZFtJ kJughtk; vdg;gLk;. ,t;tifj;jhd kJughtk; Kj;jpf;F vspjhnkd;gH. Rthkpfs; ey;Y}H KUfd; ghly;fs; %yk; ek;iknay;yhk; ey;topg;gLj;jp> jphpfuz Rj;jpNahL KUff;flTisg; gf;jpnra;Ak; jkJ epiyf;F ,l;Lr; nry;fpwhH. [Pthj;kh gukhj;khit mile;J Md;k <Nlw;wk;ngw Mw;Wg;gLj;Jfpd;whH. ek;kpilNa rPtd;Kj;juhf tho;e;J> ek;ik ed;newpg;gLj;jpath; rptNahf Rthkpfs;.

46

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

ew;rpe;jid vDk; mUkUe;J jpUkjp r. KUfhde;jd; 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

M

d;kPf tho;itg; nghWj;jkl;by;> E}y;fspy; ,Ue;J vLj;jhsg;gLk; jj;Jt El;gq;fspYk; ghu;ff ; Qhdpfspd; tho;tpypUe;J vLj;J tpsf;fg;gLk; mDgtq;fs; rpwg;;Gilad. irt rkaf;Futu;fs; ehy; t upd; tho; T newp vkf; F ,iwaUs; gw;wp epiwaNt vLj;jpak;Gfpd;wJ. ,e;Jf;fs; czuNtz;ba vt;tsNth cz;ikfis Qhdepiyfspy; tho;e;j rkag; ngUe;jiffs; tho;tDgtq;fshf tpl;Lr;nrd;Ws;sdu;. fle; j E}w; w hz; b y; ek; k pilNa tho; e ; j rpj;ju;fs; gyu; ,iwaUs; ngw;w kfhd;fshf ,Ue;jhu;fs;. FU rPld; vd;w tifapy; jPf;if ngw; W ,iwtidj; juprpj; j ,g; n gupatu; f s; ngU kfhd;fshthu;. aho;g;ghzj;jpy; tho;e;j ,tu;fspy; filapw; Rthkp> nry;yg;gh Rthkp> Nahfu;Rthkp> nry;yj;Jiu Rthkp vd;gtu;fs; Fwpg;gplj;jf;ftu;fs;. fle;j E}w;whz;by; tho;e;j ehkwpe;j QhdFU Nahfu; Rthkpfs;. ey;Y}u; Njubapy; nry;yg;gh Rthkpfsplk; jPf;if ngw;W nfhOk;Gj;Jiwapy; Mr;rpukk; mikj;J FUthfp epdW ; nka;abahu;fSf;F mUs;ghypj;j ngUe;jifahthu;. mtuJ mUl; jpUthf;fhd “vd;id vdf;fwptpj;jhd; vq;fs; FUehjd; ” vd; D k; njhlu; Mo; e ; j nghUs; nghjpe;j thrfkhFk;. FUtpd; %yk; ,iwtidf; fhzyhk; vd;gij kzpthrfg;ngUkhdpd; tuyhW Vw;fdNt vLj;jpak;gpAs;sJ. mjid mz;ikf; fhyj;jpy; juprdkhf;fpatu; rptNahf Rthkpfshthu;.

Nahfu; Rthkpfs; vkf;F ciuj;Jr; nrd;w Qhd Nghjq;fs; mjp mw;Gjkhdit. rptNahfu; Rthkpfs; rw;FU juprdj;jpw;F gf;Ftkhdtuhf tsu;e;j ghij kpfTk; fuL KulhdJ. mtiu <u;j;j Qhd FUthd nry;yg;gu; gpwuhy; GupeJ ; nfhs;s Kbahj xU tpjj ; fu;. rptNahf Rthkpfs; rjhrptk; vd;w gps;isj;jpUehkj;Jld; Qhd FUitr; re;jpf;fr; nrd;w NghJ “ahulh eP?" vd;w fLk; nrhy;Ny tuNtw;wJ. Kjypy; rpWtdhd ,tu; ,t; t hu; j; i jfspd; f^uj;jpy; eL eLq;fpg;NghdhYk;> mt; thu;j;ijfNs ehd; ïªJ xË

ahu; ? vd; w mUs; Qhdj; Njliy kdjpy; Vw;gLj;jpa nghwpahf ,Ue;jJ. mjw;Fg; gpd;duhd re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; Qhd FUtpd; thu;j;ijfs; rPluhd ,tiur; Rl;l tz;zNk ,Ue;jd. vdpDk; FUtpd; thu;j;ijfis mtu; ke;jpukhfNt czu;e;jhu;.. mt;thu;j;ijfs; jhd; ‘eP xU nja;tPf kdpjd;’ vd;W mtiu czuitj;jJ. cyfj;Njhu; nry;yg;gh Rthkpfsplk; fz;l igj;jpafhuj;jdq;fs; vy;yhk;> Qhd epl; i lahsupd; gz; G fNs vd Nahfu; Rthkpfs; czu;e;J xOfpdhu;. rw;FU juprdj;jhy; ngw;w Qhdf;fz;zpd; Jiz nfhz;L Nehf;fpa NghJ jhk; fw;Wte;j QhdE}y;fspd; kiw nghUs;fs; ahTk; rptNahf RthkpfSf; F j; juprdkhfpd. QhdFUtplk; fw;fNtz;ba ,d;Dk; gy tplaq;fs; ,Ug;gij czu;e;J mtiu mbf;fb ey;Y}u; Nju;Kl;bapy; re;jpf;fyhdhu;. nry;yg;gh RthkpfSk; jdJ rPluhf Nahfu; Rthkpfis jdJ mUl; fz;fshy; fz;L nfhz;lNghjpYk; rPlid mutizf;fhkNy ku;kkhfr; nraw;gl;lhu;. ,jdhy; rptNahf Rthkpfs; jdJ Qhd FUNthL mfyhJ mZfhJ gofpl Ntz;bajhapw;W. kdk; rypf;fhj rptNahf Rthkpfs; gw;WWjpAld; FUehjupd; gpd;dhy; ,Ue;J mtuJ gpjw;wy;fspilNa fye;J tUk; mupa ke;jpu thf;Ffis fpufpj;Jf; nfhz;L gf;Ftkile;jhu;. ehshtl;lj;jpy; nry;yg;gh Rthkpfis flTshfNt juprpj;J xOfyhdhu;. ,jdhy; JwT tho;Tjhd; jdf;FupaJ vd czu;e;J Jwtw tho;Tf;F ,l;Lr;nrd;whu;.

FUtplkpUe;J fpilj;j ehd;F rpe;jidj; Jspfis kfhthf;fpakhff;fUjp ke;jpuk; Nghy; jpdKk; cr; r upj; j hu; . nghUswpe; J nrg; g pa ,t;thu;j;ijfs; mtiu NkYk; gf;Ftkhf;fpd.

Mr;rpuk tho;tpy; mikjpahf ,Ue;J ,k; kfh thf;fpaq;fspd; cl;nghUisj; njl;lj; njspthfg; Gupe; J nfhz; l hu; . xU nghy; y hg; G k; ,y; i y> KOtJk; cz;ik> vg;gNth Kbe;j fhupak;> ehkwpNahk; vd;W ehd;F rpWnjhlu;GfSf;Fs; 47

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

thu;ji ; jfs; thf;fpag; gpurhjkhapd. mit xg;gw;w kiwQhd nry; t k; nghjpe; j it vd; g ijAk; XJNthu;f;F ,iwRfk; <aty;y mU ke;jpuq;fs; vdTk; mbahu;fs; czu;e;J nfhz;ldu;. tuk; jUk; kzpfis kw;wtUk; mwpe;J gad;ngw Ntz;Lk; vd;W Rthkpfsplk; ,iwQ;rpdu;. ,jd; gadhf rptnjhz;ld; Vl;bw;nfd Rthkp mUspa ew;rpe;jidfs; mr;Rtbahfp khjhkhjk; gpuRukhfpd.

Rthkpapd; mbatu;fs; ,tw;iwAk;> Rthkp jpUtha; kyu; e ; j mUs; thf; F fisAk; jkf; f hfTk; > vjpu;fhyr; re;jjpapdUf;fhfTk; E}yhf;fpdu;. ,jd; ngWNgwhf vkf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; jpUE}y;fNs> ew;rpe;jidfs;> vq;fs; Mrhd; mUs;nkhopfs; Mfpa E}y;fshFk;. cyfk; vq;FKs;s Mu;tyu;fs; gad; n gW tz; z k; ,e; E }y; Mq; f pyj; j pYk; ntspahdJ. fPo;ikahd Fzq;fisg; Nghf;fp Nkyhd nja; t j; J tj; i j milar; nra; A k; rpe; j idfNs ew; r pe; j id MFk; . rptNahf Rthkpfspd; jpUtha; nkhopfNs ew;rpe;jid vd;Dk; ey;yKjkhFk;. thuhtutpdpy; te;j rQ;rt P p Nghd;w ,e;ew;rpe;jidia nghUSzu;e;J ghbj;Jjpf;Fk; mbatu;fs; ,iw juprdk; fhz;gu;. jd; i d jdf; F zu; t pj; j jd; FUehju; nry;yg;gh Rthkpfisg; Nghyd;wp jhd; fz;l nka;g;nghUis gpwUk; fhZk; tz;zk; gpwu;f;Fk; vLj; J iuj; j hu; rptNahf Rthkpfs; . ,jdhy; mbahu;fs; gyUk; mtiu ehbte;J ,iwtop Vfpdu;. ,j;jid QhdKk; NahfKk; tpj;jfKk; epiwe;jtuha; ,Ue;j Nahfu; Rthkpfs; Gfo;> tpsk;guk; Nghd;w khiaf;Fs; rpf;fhJ tho;e;J ,iwgjkile;jhu;. ,tu; cz;ikahd QhdNahf rpj;juhf ,Ue;jikapdhy; ,J rhj;jpakhapw;W. Rthkpfspd; jpUtbfisg; Nghw;wpg; gzpe;J ew;rpe;jidia Xjp topghL nra;jhy; Md;k <Nlw;wk; fpl;Lk; vd;gJ ru;tepr;rak;.

mlq;fpapUe;j jj;Jtq;fs; ahtw; i wAk; czu; e ; J ke;jpuk; Nghy; cr;rhldk; nra;J Jjpj;jhu;. ,k;kfh thf;fpaq;fs; ,iwNahfk; mila itf;Fk; Mw;wy; tha;e;j 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ ke; j puq; f s; vd; W zu; e ; J Xjp topgl;lhu;. FUtpd; ke;jpu thf;fpaq;fspy; nghjpe;jpUe;j Kw;wpYkhd cz;ikfis jhdwpe;jJ Nghy gpwUk; mwpa top rikj;jhu;. jpahdj; i jAk; mjd; kfpikiaAk; gpwu; mwpAk;tz;zk; juprdkhf;fpdhu;. gj;khrdj;jpy; gupTld; ,Ue; J rpj; j tpUj; j piaj; jP u ; f ; F k; khu; f ; f j; i j mbahu; f ; F k; vLj; J iuj; j hu; . epoyhd ,lq;fs; jpahdj;jpw;F cfe;j ,lq;fs; vd; W k; mjpfhiyg; n ghOJ cfe; j nghOJ vd;Wk; $wpdhu;. ehd; vdJ vd;Dk; Mztr; nrUf;flf;fp> ehtlf;fk;> ,r;iralf;fk; Kjyhd gz;Gfs; jpahdpg;gtu;fSf;F mtrpak; vd;Wk; vLj; j pak; g pdhu; . gpwepidTfs; ahtw; i wAk; mWj;J Rk;kh ,Uj;jNy cr;r jpahdk; vd;W Fwpg;gpLk; Rthkpfs; rptj;ijNa kl;Lk; epid vd;Wk; $wpAs;shu;. ahulh eP? vd;w Qhd FUtpd; Nfs;tpf;F rptNahf Rthkpfs; fz;Lnfhz;l gjpy; Mj;kh vd;gjhFk;. ehk; clk;gd;W> kdkd;W> Gj;jpad;W> rpj;jKkd;W ehk; Mj;kh vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;. mtuJ ew;rpe;jidfs; ahTk; khDliur; rpe;jpf;f itj;J ,iwtNdhL xd;w itj;J ,iwtidf; fhz itg;gjhFk;. rptNahf Rthkpfs; jpUE}y; vJTk; ,aw;Wk; vz;zk; nfhz;ltuhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy. MapDk; mtiu ehb ,iwaUs; fhz te;j mbatu;fspd; nghUl;L mtuplkpUe;J ,ay;ghfNt cjpu;e;j

Rthkpfspd; fbjk; cdf;Fr; nrhy;Ytjw;F xd;Wkpy;iy. ehq;fnsy;yhk; Njt re;epjhdj;jpy; ,Uf;fpNwhk;. ,J xU ngUk; rj;jpak;. ahTk; ,Ue;jgbNa ele;J tUfpd;wJ. fpNyrNkh md;Ngh gifNah ,itahTk; gfthDila tpisahl;L. ,it vd;Wk; ,g;gbNa. ehKk; mg;gbNa. gpwg;igg; Nghy ,wg;G. Gfiog; Nghy ,fo;. ed;ikiag; Nghy jPik. KOJk; cz;ik. Kd;dpiy ,d;wpj; jd;dpiyapy; ahTk;. ,aq;fhky; ,aq;F. Kbitf; fhNzhk;. mJjhd;> Rw;wpr; Rw;wpr; Rg;gUila nfhy;iy.

ïªJ xË

48

vd;Wk; kwthjtd;

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

vy;yhk; mwpthh; vq;fs; Nahfh;Rthkp jpUkjp rptr;nry;tp rptNyhfehjd;; 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

vy;yhk;

nfhz;LNgha; cd; kidtpf;F fha;r;rpf; nfhL> vy;yhk; rupahfptpLk;.” vd;whH. mjd;gbNa nra;a jhahH rpwpJ rpwpjhf Kw;wpYk; Fzkile;jhH. jha; Rfkile;jJk; vkJ je;ijahH jhahiu Kjypy; gps;isahH Nfhapy; mgpN\fk; nra;a mioj;Jr; nry;y jPHkhdpj;jhH. Mdhy; jhahNuh Kjypy; Rthkpaplk; nrd;w gpd;jhd; NtW ,lk; nry;tjhf Nahrpj; j pUe; j hH. Mdhy; je; i japlk; ,ijf; $wtpy; i y. mjdhy; Rthkpfis epidj; J f; nfhz;Nl rw;W kdtUj;jj;Jld; NfhtpYf;Fj;jhNd NghfpNwhk; vd kdijahw;wp fhupy; Vwpg;Gwg;gl;ldH. rw;W J}uk; nrd;W re;jpapy; jpUk;gpaJk; ehr;rpkhH Nfhapybapy; ,d; D nkhU md; g Uld; Rthkp epw; g ijf; fz; l dH. clNd fhiu epWj; j p mthplk; nrd;W tPjpapNyNa tPo;e;J tzq;fpdH. Rthkp Rfk; tprhupj; J > rup rup NfhtpYf; F NeukhfpwJ> nrd;W thUq;fs; vd;whH. jhahupd; tpUg;gj;ijAk; epiwNtw;wp itj;jhH. Nfhtpy; nry;yTk; tpilaspj;jhH. vd;Nd kfpik!!!.

Rthkp Neha;tha;g;gl;L itj;jparhiyapy; jdp miwapy; ,Ue;jhH. xU rpy md;gHfs; Neuk; khwpkhwp Kiw vLj;J RthkpAld; mUfpy; ,Ug;ghHfs;. mtHfspy; xUtH vd; je;ijahH. xU ez;gfypy; Rthkpapd; mUfpy; ,Ue;jnghOJ xU K];ypk; md;gH xUtH rhuk; Nrl; mzpe;J> fkf;fl;by; XH FilAld; thrypy; te;Jepd;whH. Rthkp fz;%b cwq;fpf; nfhz;bUe;jhH. Nehtpdhy; epj;jpiu ,y;yhjtHNghy; Rthkp csd;W nfhz;Nl ,Ug;ghH. mjdhy; cs;Ns ,g;g tuKbahJ. Rthkp cwq;FfpwhH vd;W me;j md;gUf;F iriffhl;bdhH je;ij. Mdhy; mtNuh jpUk;gTk; tuKw;gl;lhH. je;ij vOe;J jpUk;gTk; NghFk;gb rj;jkpd;wp $wpdhH. Mdhy; me;j md;gNuh Nghtjhf ,y;iy. clNd je;ij tpiuthf thrYf;Fr; nrd;W mtiu NghFk;gb rj;jkpd;wp rw;W Nfhgkhf $wpdhH. md;gH kdkpd;wp jpUk;gp jpUk;gpg; ghHj;j tz;zk; nrd;whH. mtH nrd;wTld; je;ijahH Rthkpiar; nrd;W ghHj;jhH. ,d;Dk; cwq;fpf; nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jhH. epk;kjpAld; Rthkp mUfpy; fjpiuapy; mkHe;jhH. Rthkp fz;fis jpwf;fNt ,y;iy.

mwpthH Nahfh; Rthkp vd;gjw;F vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf> gytUlq;fshf jpdKk; Rthkp juprdj;jpw;F nry;Yk; vkJ je;ij $wpatw;wpy; rpytw;iw cq;fsplk; gfpHe;Jnfhs;fpNwd;. gy Mz;LfSf;F Kd; xUKiw fhiy gpuhHj;jid> rptGuhzk;> ew;rpe;jid Mfpait Rthkpapd; nfhl; b ypy; Kbe; j gpd; > Rthkp te; j pUe; j mbatHfSld; mstshtpf; nfhz; b Ue; j hH. ,uz;L fy;tpkhd;fSk; ,Ue;jdH. gy Nfs;tpfs; Nfl;ldH. xUtH rpyrkaq;fspy; tpthjpf;fTk; njhlq;fpdH. vd; je;ijf;F ,J gpbf;ftpy;iy. tpthjpj;j fy;tpkhd; jhd; vy;yhk; fw;wtHNghy VNjh ngupatH vd;w epidg;gpy; RthkpAld; NgRfpwhH vd;W epidj;j kWfzNk> Rthkpapd; Kd;dpiyapy; ehd; ,t;thW epidg;gJ jtW vd;W je;ijahH vz;z> me;jf;fzNk Rthkp XH mg;gps; goj;ij vLj;J je;ijapd; ifapy; itj;jhH. kw;wtHfisf; fzpf;f ehk; ahH vd;w jtiw czHe;J nfhz;likf;F guprhf me;jg; gok; ,Uf;FNkh.?

Rthkpaplk; nry;gtHfs; Rthkpapd; ,Ug;gplj;jpw;F Kd; ,Uf;Fk; Nfhapy; fpzw;wpy; fhy; fOtp nfhl; b ypw; F nry; t J tof; f k; . xUehs; je;ijahH nrd;w mjpfhiyNtis gyj;j kio. njUnty;yhk; nts;sk;. ,e;j kioahy; Filgpbj;J fpzw;wpy; jz;zPH ms;StJ f\;lk;. ,e;j nts;sk; ek; fhy;fis fOTfpwJ jhNd vd;W epidj;J Rthkpapd; thriyaile;jhH. “Nla; epy;!!. fhy; fOtpdpNah? vd;W Rthkp Nfl;f 'Mk;" vd;W je;ij nrhy;y> 'X nts;sj;jpy; fOtpdhNah?" vd;whH Rthkp. ahTk; mwpthH Rthkp. xU rpyfhyk; vd; jhahH fLk; RftPdKw;W cztpy; ehl;lkpy;yhky; mtjpg;gl;lhH. Mdhy; jpdKk; juprdj;jpw;F nry;Yk; je;ij Rthkpaplk; xd;Wk; Nfl;gjpy;iy. Vnddpy; Rthkp vy;yhk; mwpgtuhapw;Nw. Mdhy; xUehs; Rthkpiaj; juprpf;f te;j md;gH xUtH “Quacker Oats” upd; xd;iw Rthkpapd; Kd; itj;jhH. Rthkp clNd mij vLj;J vd; je;ijapd; ifapy; itj;J “,ijf; ïªJ xË

49

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

Mdhy; njspthd Fuypy; “Nla; te;jtd; vd; cw;w ez;gd;. mtid cs;Ns tplhky; Vd; Juj; j pg; Nghl; l ha; ” vd; w hH. fz; jpwthkhy; ,Ue;j Rthkp vg; g b vy; y htw; i wAk; 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ mwpe; j hH?. Vd; mtiu cs;Ns tUk;gb $w tpy;iy?- mtNu mwpthH.Rthkp itj;jparhiyapy; ,Uf; F k; fhyj; j py; md; g Hfs; rpyH gzk; nfhz; L te; J jiyaizapd; fP o ; itg; g H. RthkpAldpUe;j md;gH xUtH mtw;iwnay;yhk; vLj;J XH gzg;igapy; Nghl;L jiyaizapd; fPo; itj;jhH. xUehs; vd; je;ijahH jd; Kiw te;jNghJ mthpd; jiyaizia rupnra;Ak; NghJ ,g; g zg; i giaf; fz; l hH. ,njd; d > ,e;j gzg;igia Rthkp vt;thW cld;gl;L itj;jpUf;fpwhH vd;W epidf;f clNd Rthkp mg;gzg;igia fPNo vwpe;jhH. je;ij nrd;W mij vLj;J jpUk;gTk; jiyaizapd; fPo; itj;jhH. jpUk;gTk; Rthkp vwptJk; je;ij jpUk;gTk; itg; g Jkhf ehiye; J Kiw ele; j J. rup> ,d;DnkhU Kiw vwpe;jhuhapd;> ehd; gzg;igia mthplk; itf;fg; Nghtjpy;iy vd;W epidj;jhH je;ij. Mdhy; Rthkp mij vwpaNtapy;iy!!! ,jd; gpd;dh; ey;Y}H KUfDf;F ahfk;> mgpNlfk;> \z;Kf mHr;rid vd;gtw;iw Rthkp nra;Ak;gb gzpj;jhH. nra;tpj;jhH. gy khjq;fs; nts;spf;fpoikfspy; vd; je;ijahuplk; Rthkp gzk; nfhLj; J vd; ngw; N whiuf; nfhz; L ,ij elhj; j p te; j hH. gpd; d H NtW rpyiu nfhz;Lk; ,e;j \z;Kf mh;r;ridia elhj;jp te; j hH vdf; N fs; t pg; g l; N lhk; . ,it ahTk; aho;g;ghz kf;fSf;fhfNt nra;tpj;jhH vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy.

mDjpdKk; juprpf; f nrd; W te; j vd; je;ijia Rthkp rkhjpaila ,uz;L %d;W khjq;fSf;F Kd; xt;nthU ehSk; nry;Yk; nghOJ “Vd; ,q; N f te; j ha; > NghNgh” vd; W rg; j kpLthH Rthkp. mLj; j Lj; J ,t; t hNw ele;jjhy; Rthkp rj;jkpl;Lf; fijg;gJ Rthkpapd; cly; eyj;jpw;F jPq;fhFk; vd epidj;J mthplk; NghfhJtpl; l hH je; i j. md; W tUgtHfsplk; vy;yhk; “ngupathj;jpahH Vd; tutpy;iy? vd;Ndhil NfhgNkh?” vd;W tpdTthH. mtHfspy; rpyH vd; je;ijaplk; $WthHfs;. Rthkp fiyf;fkhl;lhH vd vz;zpr; nrd;why;> jpUk;gTk; ,Nj fijjhd;. ,jd; gpd; rpyehl;fs; Nghfhky; tpl;lhH je;ij . jpUk;gTk; neUq;fpa mbahH xUtuplk; vd; je;ij “Nfhtpj;Jtpl;lhNuh njhpatpy;iy” vd;W kpfTk; ftiyahf tprhupj;jhuhk;. mtH Rthkp $wpaijf; $wp ePqf ; s; tuyhk; vd;whH. je;ijAk; mLj;jehs; nrd;whH. je;ijia thrypy; fz;lTlNd “te;jpl;lhd;> te;jpl;lhd;- mtidg; gpbAq;Nfh fapW nfhz;Lte;J fl;bitAq;Nfh” vdr; rj;jkpl;lhH. gpd; md;gH xUtH fhUld; te;jnghOJ “,tiuf; nfhz;LNgha; Njubapy; Nghl;Ltpl;L th. ,dpNky; mq;NfNa Nghfr; nrhy;” vd;W ey;Y}H Njubf;F mDg;gpitj;jhH. md;wpypUe;J mjpfhiy Njubf;Fg; Nghtij tof;fkhf;fpf; nfhz;lhH je;ij. rpy thuq;fspy; Rthkp rkhjpahdhH. Mdhy; je;ij njhlHe;Jk; aho;g;ghzf; fytuq;fs; njhlq;fp epiyik Nkhrkhf tUk; tiuAk; Njubf;Fr; nrd;W NfhtpYf;Fs; Nghfhky; mq;NfNa ,Ue;Jtpl;L tUtij tof;fkhf;fpf; nfhz;lhH. 1. “NjHKl;bg; gbNkNy nry;yg;gd; vd;w rPkhd; Mh;tKld; ,Uf;fpwhd;bfpspNa – mq;FNghNthk; te;jplb” 2. “Njubapy; nrd;W juprpj;jhy; NghJnkd;gh;. mwpar; nrhd;d goq;fijia ePH mwpakhl;BNuh” vd;git Rthkpfspd; ew;rpe;jidg; ghly;fs;.

Rftho;T flTis kdk; thf;Ff; fhaj;jhNy fhiy> cr;rp> khiy vd;Dk; %d;W fhyj;jpYk; topgLjy; Ntz;Lk;. rhPuj;ijAk; kdj;ijAk; ghpRj;jkhf itj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. rhPuj;jpyhtJ kdj;jpyhtJ VJq; Fog;gb Muk;gpf;Fk;NghJ me;jf;fzNk rhg;ghl;il epWj;jp Mya topghL> mbahh; topghL my;yJ ,ad;w jhdjUkq;fs; nra;aNtz;Lk;. tuTf;Nfw;w nryT nra;a Ntz;Lk;. jdpikahf ,Ue;J nfhz;L my;yJ ele;J nfhz;L jd; tho;ehis elhj;Jk; tifiar; rpe;jpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,iwr;rp> kPd;> Fb Kjypaitfis tplNtz;Lk;. vg;nghOJk; ey;y RWRWg;Gs;stdhf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. jhd; kpfTk; ghpRj;jd; vd;Wk>; jdf;F xU Fiwtpy;iy vd;Wk; mikjpahfr; rpe;jpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. NkNy nrhy;ypa tz;zk; ,t;thW xUtd; rhjpj;Jg; Nghjpj;J tUthdhapd; NahfKk; QhdKk; rh;trpj;jpAk; <w;wpy; Kj;jpAk; yapf;Fk;.

- Nahfh; Rthkpfs; ïªJ xË

50

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

fUiz cs;sk; gilj;j Md;kPf Qhdp fyhepjp nghd;. ghyRe;juk; ,yz;ld;;

50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

k

f; f spd; mwnewpr; rpwg; g pw; F k; > Md; k Pf tho;Tf;Fk;> jpahdk;> md;G> fhUz;ak;> jhdk;> ju;kk;> jpahfk; Nghd;w Gdpjkhd tho;tpw;Fk; kf;fs; kj;jpapy; up\pfs;> Qhdpfs;> rpj;ju;fs;> mUshsu;fs;> Jwtpfs;> kfhd; f s; > rkaFutu; f s; Nghd; N whu; fhyj; j pw; F f; fhyk; Njhd;wp kf;fis ,iwgf;jpNahL tho;tjw;F Mjhukhf ,Ue;jpUf;fpwhu;fs; vd;gij vkJ rkak; mwpaj; je;jpUf;fpwJ. irt rka VLfSk;> ,jpfhrq;fSk;> Guhzq;fSk;> ,yf;fpaq;fSk; ,jw;Fr; rhd;W gfpu;fpd;wd. ,g;gbj; JwTG+z;L kf;fSf;F Qhdkhu;f;fj;ij cgNjrpj;J tho;e;J te;jtu;fSila fhyk; rka newp epd;W thOk; kf;f s; fhykhf ,Ue; J te; j pUg;g ij ehk; fhzyhk;. kf;fspd; tho;Tk; kyu;r;rpf; fhykhf ,Ue;Js;sd. Qhdpahu;fs; kf;fSf;fhf Nkw;nfhz;L te;j ,iwtopghLfSk;> jt tho;fi ; fAk; kf;fis newp epd;W tho itj;Js;sd vd;W $wyhk;. <oehl;by; MWKf ehtyu; mtu;fis njhlf;fkhf itj; J rptNahf Rthkpfs; tiu cs; s fhyj; i j kPsha;T nra;J ghu;j;jhy; ,J GydhFk;. ,f;fhy vy;iyf;Fg; gpd;du; <oehl;by; Qhdpau;fSk;> rpj;ju;fSk;> NahfpfSk; Njhd;whky; Nghdik ekJ kf; f s; kj; j papy; Md; k P f r; rpe; j idf; F k; > Md; k P f topelj;jYf;Fk; xU rthyhf cs;sJ. ,e;J khkd;wk; Nghd;W xU caupa mikg;G ,Jgw;wp Ma;T nra;Ankd vjpu;ghu;f;fyhk;. gf;jp khu;f;fj;ij mizj;Jf;nfhz;L Jwtwk; G+z ntspehl;ltu;fs; gyu; tpUk;gpdu;. ,tu;fs; Nahfu; Rthkpfspd; Md;k P f tho; f ; i fia mwpe; J mtupd; rPlu;fshf tu tpUk;gp aho;g;ghzj;Jf;F te;J mtuJ Mr;rpukj;jpw;Fr; nrd;W mtiu Md;kPff; FUthf Vw;W Mrpngw;Wj; Jwtw tho;f;ifia Nkw;nfhz;ldu;. ,g;gbj; Jwtwk; g+z;ltu;fSs; gpupj;jhdpauhd Nrhy; g up gpuGtpd; Gjy; t u; uhk; ] ; n ghjk; (rhe; j Rthkpfs; ) vd; g tu; aho; g ; g hzj; j pw; F te; J irt ju;k Qhd tho;f;ifia Vw;Wf;nfhz;ltu;. rptNahf Rthkpfspd; Fby; tho;f;if uhk;];nghjk; mtu;fis kpfTk; ftu;e;jpUe;jJ. N[u;kd; Rthkp vd miof;fg;gl;l nfsup ghyh mtu;fs;. fjpu;fhkj;jpy; jq;fpapUe;J gpd;du; Nahfu; Rthkpfisj; Njb te;J Mrp ngw;Wr; rPluhfp nry;yr; re;epepjpapy; Mr;rpukk; mikj;J JwT G+z;L Rkhu; ehw;gJ Mz;Lfs; tiu jttho;tpy; ,Ue;jtu;. ïªJ xË

mnkupf; f uhd Rg; g puKdpa Rthkp 1949 ,y; Nahfu; Rthkpfshy; Jwtpahf Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;ltu;. msntl; b apy; =Rg; g puKdpa Mr; r pukk; mikj; J njhz; L nra; j tu; . jpUtz; z hkiyapy; jgir Nkw;nfhz;bUe;jth; mT];jpNuypauhd eupf;Fl;br; Rthkp. ,yq; i fj; jkpo; k f; f spd; tho; t py; 19 Mk; E} w;whz;bd; gpw;gFjpAk; 20 Mk; E}w;whz;bd; Kw;gFjpAk; ,iwgf; j p rhu; e ; j kf; f spd; kyu; r ; r pf; f hykhf ,Ue;jpUf;fpwJ. 1897 Mk; Mz;by; Rthkp tpNtfhde;ju; aho;g;ghzj;Jf;F te;jpUe;jhu;. mr;rkaj;jpy; Nahfu; RthkpfSf;F taJ gjpNdO tiujhd; ,Uf;Fk;. Rthkp tpNtfhde;jupd; Md;kPf ciufisf; Nfl;gjw;fhf mtu; nrd;w ,lq;fSf;nfy;yhk; Nahfu; Rthkpfs; gpd; n jhlu; e ; J nrd; W Md; k Pf mwpTiufisf; Nfl; L kdj; n jspT ngw; w hu; . Nahfu; Rthkpfspd; gpw;fhy Jwtwj;jpw;F Rthkp tpNtfhde;jupd; Md;kPf Nghjidfs; topfhl;bd. ,f;fhyj;jpy; gy Qhdpau;fs; <oehl;by; tyk; t e; j ijf; Fwpg; g plyhk; . 19 Mk; E}w; w hz; b d; gpw;gFjpapy; <oehl;by; rpj;ju;fshf kf;fs; kj;jpapy; %tu; - filapw; Rthkp> Midf;Fl;br; Rthkp> gukFU Rthkp tyk;te;J nfhz;bUe;jhu;fs;. nry;yg;gh Rthkpfs; vd gpugy;ak; ngw;wpUe;jtUk; ,f;fhyj;ijr; Nru;e;jtuhf ,Ue;jhu;. ,tu; tho;f;ifia ,iwtDf;F mu;g;gzk; nra;jJld; Jwtwj;ij KOikahff; filgpbj;jtu;. ey;Y}u;f; fe;jDila gf;ju;. NjubapNyNa jq;fpapUe;J cgNjrk; nra;tij tof;fkhff; nfhz;bUe;jhu;. ,tuJ cgNjrj;jpdhy; ftug;gl;l Nahfu; Rthkpfs;> jkJ gd;dpuz;lhk; tajpy; nry;yg;gh Rthkpfspd; cgNjrj;ij ngw;W kdjpy; gjpj;Jf; nfhz;ltu;. nja;tPf tho;f;iff;Fk;> Jwtwj;jpw;Fk; ,r;re;jpg;G jpwTNfhyhf ,Ue;jnjdyhk;. rpj; j u; jpUehTf; f uru; vd; g tu; ey; Y }u; j ; Nju; cyhf; fhyq;fspy; Njhd;wpj; jkJ jiyapy; mq;F fhzg;gLk; Njq;fha;fis cilj;Jr; nry;tJ tof;fkhf ,Ue;jJ. Nahfu; Rthkpfs; xU jPu rpt gf;ju;. rpthfkj;ij ed;F mwpe;jtu;. irt rkaf; Nfhl;ghLfSf;fika kf;fs; jkJ tho;f;ifia mikj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd; g jpy; jPtpu ftdk; nfhz; b Ue; j hu; . ,jdhy;

51

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

jpUKiwfis Kiwg; g b fw;WzuNtz;Lk; vd tpUk;gp mjw;fhd tFg;Gf;fis elj;j Vw;ghLfisr; nra;J Cf;Ftpj;jhu;. gf;ju;fisf; fhZk; Nghnjy;yhk; rptGuhzj;ij 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ Nah md; N wy; NtW xU Njthuj;ijNah ghlj; njhlq;fptpLthu;. mtw;wpy; cs;s fUj;J gf;ju;fSf;F xUtpj MWjiy mspg;gjhf ,Uf;Fk;. “FlNuhL Jlf;fp Klf;fpapl” vdg; ghLk;NghJ mg;gf;jupd; my;yJ mtuJ FLk;gj;jpdupd; tapw;Wtyp FzkhfptpLk;. “,lupDk; jsupDk; ” vd; W ghbdhy; epytp te; j gzKil ePq;fptpLk;.

Rthkpfsplk; rpj;ju;fSf;F cs;s “thf;Fg; gypj” rf;jp ,Ue;jij ahtUk; mwpe;jpUe;jdu;. tha; t op %yKk; gjpg; G f; f s; thapyhfTk; mwpe;j xU rpy tplaq;fis kl;Lk; ,q;F gfpu;e;J nfhs;stpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;. ehd; xU gj;jpupifahsdhf ,Ue;jikahy; ,t;tplaq;fspy; vdf;F ehl;lq;nfhs;s Kbe;jJ. Rthkpfspd; juprdj;jpw;fhf ghkuu; Kjy; gz;bju; tiu RthkpfsJ Fbypy; FOkpapUg;gu;. ,t;thW mD$yk; mile;jtu;fspy; ,e;ehl;fspy; gpurpj;jk; mile;jpUe;j Nru; fe;ijah itj;jpaehjd;> ePjpauru; irtrpfhkzp nghd;. =];fe;juh[h> Kd;dhs; aho; murhq;f mjpgu; =fhe;jh MfpNahUk; mlq;Ftu;. itj;jP];tu tpj;jpahya mjpguhf ,Ue;j jpU. mk; g pifghfd; cl; g l gy fy; Y }up mjpgu; f Sk; ,Ue;jdu;. vtUk; vjpu;ghuhjthW jpBnudr; Rthkpfs; xUtiug; ghu;j;J ‘vy;yhk; rupte;JtpLk;. Ngha; tPl;ilf; ftdp” vd;ghu;. mjw;Fupatu; Kf kyu;r;rpAld; nrd;WtpLthu;. ,dp Rthkpfs; mbf;fb nrhy;Yk; rpy thf;Ffs; kf;fisr; rpe;jpf;f itf;Fk;. “vg;gNth Kbe;j fhupak;”> “xU nghy;yhg;Gk; ,y;iy”> “KOJk; cz;ik”> “ehk; mwpNahk;” vd;gd. ,e;j mUs; thf;FfSf;F gf;ju;fs; JUtpj;JUtpr; rpe;jpj;J gy Mo;e;j fUj;Jf;fisf; $Wtu;. ve;jr; re;ju;gg ; j;jpw;Fk; nghUe;Jtjhf ,e;j thf;Ffs; ,Ug;gJ xU Gjpuhf ,Uf;fpwJ.

,t; t hW Rthkpfspd; %thapuk; ew; r pe; j idg; ghly;fSk;> mUs; thf;FfSk; E}y; tbtpy; cs;sd.

Nahfu; Rthkpfs; MW mwpT kdpju;fis vg;gb Nerpj;jhNuh mNjNghy Ie;jwpT rPtd;fisAk; Nerpj;jhu; vd;gij ehd; ed;fwpNtd;. nfhOk;Gj;Jiwapy; Rthkpfs; trpj;j FbYf;F Kd;du; vdJ mz;zu; rpd;dj;Jiu mtu;fsJ tPL ,Ue; j J. ehd; ghlrhiyf; F r; nry; Y k; rpWtdhf ,Ue;j Neuj;jpy; tpLKiwf; fhyq;fspy; mq;Fnrd;W jq;FtJz;L. mq;F fhiyapy; vdf;F xU Ntiy jUthu; f s; . mjhtJ Nre; j hq; F sk; gps; i sahu; Nfhapy; fpzw;Wf;Fr; nrd;W ey;y jz;zPu; nfhz;L tuNtz;Lk;.

(Rthkpfs; tho;e;j Fby; cs;s tPl;il “fpwhzpahu; tPL” vd mg;gFjp kf;fs; mioj;jik Qhgfj;jpy; cs;sJ. FbYf;Fg; gpd;dhy; ngupa fy;tPL mike;jpUe;jJ) ,e;j ey;y jz;zPuf ; ; fpzw;wpw;F vjpu;gG ; wkhfj;jhd; RthkpfSila Fby; ,Ue; j J. mf; f pzw; N whL ngupa jz; z Pu; j ; n jhl; b xd; W k; ,Ue; j J. me; j j; njhl; b iaf; fOtpj; Jg; G uT nra; A k; Ntiyia Rthkpfs; jpdKk; nra;thu;. xU jpdk; fhiyapy; ehd; jz;zPu; vLf;fr; nrd;wNghJ Rthkpfs; njhl;biaf; fOtpf;nfhz;bUe;jhu;fs;. vd;idf; fz;lJk; “njhl;bia epug;gptpl;Lj;jhd; NghfNtz;Lk;” vd;W vdf;F Mizapl;lhu;. ehDk; Mizf;fika njhl;bia epug;gptpl;Nld;. ,NjNghy gy jpdq;fs; njhl;bia ePuhy; epug;gptpLk; re;ju;g;gk; fpilj;jJ. ,g;NghJ Rthkpfs; vdf;F xU mwpTiu toq;fpaJ ,d;Dk; vdf;F Qhgfj;jpy; cs;sJ. aho;g;ghzf; filfspypUe;J muprp gUg;G fpoq;F cl;gl kspifg; nghUl;fis khl;L tz;by;fspy; Vw;wpf; nfhOk;Gj;Jiw Nwhl;bd; Clhfg; g+efupf;Ff; nfhz;L nry;tJz;L. mg;NghJ me;j khLfSf;F Xa;TnfhLj;J ,e;jj; njhl;bapy;jhd; jz;zPu; Fbf;f itg;ghu;fs;.

Rthkpfs; nrhd;dhu;fs;> “,e;j Ie;jwpT n[d;kq;fs;jhd; vkf;nfy;yhk; czitr; Rkf;fpd;wd. fhy; e ilahf ,t; t sT RikiaAk; nfhz;L nry;tijg; ghu;jJ ; ehq;fs; ,uf;fg;glNtz;Lk;. vy;yhk; capu; f s; j hd; . capu; f s; kP J ,uf; f g; g L. cdf; F g; Gz;zpak;”.

Rthkpfs; mUspa Gdpj ew;rpe;jid ,d;Wk; kdjpy; xypf;fpwJ.

rptj;jpahdk; X kdpjNd! eP cz;ikg;nghUs;. Nflw;wtd;. cdf;F xUtUq; NfL tpistpf;f KbahJ. eP ,q;Fk; mq;Fk; vq;Fk; cs;std;. cWjpAlNd rpq;fq; fhdfj;jpy; jphptJ Nghy; cyfkhfpa fhdfj;jpy; jphp. ve;j tpjj;jpYe; jsh;tilahNj. xU EhjdKkpq;fpy;iy. KOJKz;ik. xU nghy;yhg;Gkpy;iy.

- Nahfh; Rthkpfs; ïªJ xË

52

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

rptNahfk; mUspa tho;f;if newp irtN[hjp eh. rpjk;guehjd;> (cyf irtg;Nguit ,yq;iff;fpis cWg;gpdu;)

,

t;Tyfpd; fz;Nz gd;ndLq; fhyj;jpw;F Kd;Nd tho;e;j rpj;ju;fs;> mUshsu;fs;> Mj;k Qhdpfs;> khkdpju;fs; gw;wp E}y;fs; rQ;rpiffs;> Clftpayhsu; f s; > Mrpupau; f s; > rupj; j puq; f s; %ykhf mwpe;Js;Nsd;. Mdhy; jifik cs;s Xu; ngUkfid Neupy; vdJ fz;zhy; fz;Lk;> mtupd; nghd; nkhopfis fhjhy; Nfl; L k; mwpQu;fshy; Gfog;gl;Lk; cs;s Xu; cUtk;jhd; ,d;W Ik;gjhtJ FUG+irapd; fjhehafdhd vq;fs; vy;NyhuJk; tzf;fj;Jf;F cupa mUl;jpU rptNahf Rthkpfs;.

Rthkpfs; mtu;fspdhy; mUsg;gl;l ew;rpe;jidfs;> mUs; nkhopfs;> Nghjidfs; ahTk; ,e;Jf;fshy; kl;Lkd;wp ,q;F thOk; Vida kjj;jpduhYk; Vida ,dj;jpduhYk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;L kjpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Rthkpfspd; fhyj; j py; aho; kz; z pNy gpwe; j tu; f Sk; > tho; e ; j tu; f Sk; > ,g; N ghJ tho; f pd; w tu; f Sk; Gz;zpak; nra;j ngUkf;fs; vd;Nw $w Ntz;Lk;. ,d;Dk; Nkyhf fypAftujdhk; fe;jg; ngUkhDk; aho;efu kj;jpapNy Nfhapy; nfhz;lUsp mUshl;rp GuptjhYk; jkpofj;jpypUe;J ,q;F te;j filapw; Rthkpfs; kw;Wk; Vida mUshsu;fSila ghjk; aho; kz;zpy; gl;ljhYk; aho;gg ; hzk; irtj;ijAk; jkpioAk; mopahky; itj;J tho;fpd;wJ. filapw; Rthkpfspd; mUl;flhl;rk; ngw;wtu;fspy; xUtu; ey;Y}u; nry;yg;gh Rthkpfs;. ,tu; filapw; Rthkpfspd; mUs; Nehf;fpdhNy Qhdk; ngw;whu;. nry;yg;gh Rthkpfspd; mUs;thf;fhd ehd;F kfh thf;fpaq;fs; Nahfehjd; vd;Dk; Gz;zpa Mj;khit Nahf Rthkpahf;fpaJ. ehd;F kfh thf;fpaq;fs; gpd;tUkhW: 1.

2.

3.

4.

kdpjg; g pwtp vLj; J s; s ehq; f s; vg; g b tho; e ; j hy; gpwtpg; g adhfpa Kj; j p Ngupd; g k; vkf;Ff; fpl;Lnkdj; jkJ jpahdk; %ykhf ngw;w xOf;fKiwia je;J mUSfpwhu;.

Nahfu; Rthkp mUspa xOf;f newp “vOfGyUKd;> Vj;Jf nghd;db njhOJ tzq;Ff> J}ePW mzpf gOjpite; njOj;Jk; gz;Zf> gd;Kiw mOJ Gyk;Gf> tha;tpl;L muw;Wf md;id gpjhtpd; mbapid tzq;Ff jd;idg; Nghy rfyiuAk; Xk;Gf tpz;izg;Nghy tpahgfk; MFf. fz;izg;Nghy fhf;f mwj;ij> nra;td vy;yhk; nrt;tNd nra;f. ifAk; nka;Ak; fUj;jpw;fpira mOf;fhW Nfhgk; mthit xopf;f. tpOg;gk; kpf;f Nkd;kf;fs; jk;ik xUNghJ kwthJ cwT nfhs;Sf fUtpdpy; thuhf fhuzk; fhz;f. jd;id mwpf jhNd MFf> kpd;id xj;j tho;it ntWj;J tWik te;Jop kde;jsuw;f> kWik ,d;gk; kwthJ ehLf> mbahu; jq;fs; mbapid kyu;fPo; Fbaha; thOf Fiwnay;yhk; jPu;f;f <rd; mbapid Vj;jp Vj;jp thr kyu;nfhL tho;j;jp tho;j;jp kj;jd; ,tndd kz;ztu; NgrTk; rpj;jd; ,tndd Njtu; nfhz;lhlTk; ,t;tz;zk;> xj;jd xj;jd Cutu; Ngrplr; rpj;jk; njspe;J rptha ekntd epd;Wk; ,Ue;Jk; fple;Jk; epide;Jk; nghd;Wk; cliyg; Nghw;Wjy; xope;J ed;ik jPik ehlhJ njhUtp md;idg; Nghy; md;gpw; rpwe;J gpd;id xd;Wk; NgrhJ mlq;fp vd;Wk; tho;e;jpdpJ ,Uj;jy; ,d;gNk”

xU nghy;yhg;Gkpy;iy vg;gNth Kbe;j fhupak; ehk; mwpNahk; KOJk; cz;ik

Nahfu; Rthkpfs; Kj;jpailtjw;F VJthd xOf;fnewp> md;Gnewp> gf;jpnewp Mfpatw;iw vt; t hW Mw; W g;g Lj; J fpwhu; vd; g ijAk; rw; W rpe;jpg;Nghk;. ïªJ xË

50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

,d;gk; vq;Nf ,d;gk; vq;Nf vd;W me;jug;gLk; vq;fSf;F Xu; ,d;g tho;it Rthkp mtu;fs; 53

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

fhl;bAs;shu;. ,t;tpjkhd xOf;f newpapy; tho;ej ; hy; ,iwgf;jpAk; Md;k NeaKk; cz;lhfp kdk; kfpo;tha; tho;Nthk;. rptNahf Iah NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l xOf;f newpapy; 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ ehq; f s; tho; N thkhfpy; vq;fs; kdjpy; ,iwgf;jp mikAk; . vq; f Sf; F ,e; j mupa khdplg; gpwtpia mUspa guk;nghUsplj;jpy; gf;jpnewp

Njhd; W khapd; vq; f s; kdjpYk; nrhy; y pYk; nraypYk; md;G vDk; xU fhe;j rf;jp Vw;gLk;. ,e;j kfh rf;jpf;F Kd;dhy; mwnewpf;F khwhd Nguhir> Nfhgk;> nghwhik> tQ;rfk;> #J> ngha;> fsT Mfpa jPa Fzq;fs; ahTk; epw;fhky; gwe;NjhbtpLk;. ,t;Ntisapy; vq;fs; clypNy ciwe;jpUf;Fk; capnuDk; [Pthj;khTf;F ,U tpidnahg;G kyghpghfk; Vw;gl;L gpwg;;gw;w [Ptd; Kj;ju; epiyapNy ,iwtd; jpUtbapy; Nguhde;j tho;T fpilf;Fk; vd;gij irt rpj;jhe;jKk; rptNahfKk; vkf;F mUSfpwJ.

Nahfu; Rthkpfs;

FUthrfk;

gh. NrhkRe;juk;.

Mj; J kh epj; j pakhdJ. gphptpy; y hjJ g+uz khdJ. rhP u Nkh mopAe; jd; i kAs; s JgphpTs; s J. ,g;gbapUf;ifapy; ehq;fs; ,t;tpuz;ilAQ; rhpnad;W nrhy;yKbAkh?mg;gb ehq;fs; nrhd;dhy; ,jpYk; nghpa ghtKk; gopAk; NtWz;Nlh? Mj;Jkh vy;yhtw;Wf;Fk; MjpahAs;sJ. ahitAk; Ms;fpdw ; J. rhPuNkh njhlf;fKilaJ. Msg;gLe; jd;ik AilaJ. ,g;gbapUf;ifapy; ehq;fs; ,t;tpuz;ilAk; xd; N whnlhd; W xg; g pl; L g; ghh; f ; f KbAkh? mg; g b nahg;gpl;lhy; ,jpYk; NtW gop fpilahJ. ,aw;ifapNy Mj;Jkh mwpTilaJ.Jha;ikahdJ. rhPuNkh mwpahikAilaJ. Jha;ikaw;wJ. ,t;tpuz;ilAk; xg;gpl;lhy; ,jpYk; mQ;Qhdk; gpwpJz;Nlh? Mj; J kh gpufhrKilaJ. mjhtJ Rak; g pufhr KilaJ.rhP u Nkh ,aw; i fapNy ,Us; kakhdJ. ,t;tpuz;ilAk; xg;gplyhkh? ahnuhUtd; jd;id rhPhp vd;W epidf;fpwhNdh INah!mtdpYq; fPo;kfd; ahh;? ahnuhUtd; jd;Dila rhP u nkd; W nrhy; f pwhNdh mtd; kl; g pz; l j; i jj; jd;DilaJ vd;W nrhd;dJ NghypUf;Fk;. ahnuhUtd; jd;id G+uzndd;Wk; epjj; pandd;Wk; ,aw;if mwpTilatd; vd;Wk; epidf;fpwhNdh mtd; cz;ikawpthsp. mtDf;F ,izahf xU nja;tKk; ,y;iy. ahh; xUtd; jd;id Xh; mOf;Fk; gw;w khl;lhJ vd; W k; khWghL ,y; y hjtndd; W k; Jha; i kapYk; Jha;ik vd;Wk; epidf;fpwhNdh mtid mwpthspfs; Qhdp vd;W nrhy;Ythh;fs;.

Ntjk; Mfkk; ahTk; ,e; j cyfk; KOtJk; nja;tNk epiwe;jpUf;fpwJ vd;Wk; mjid tpl NtW ahUk; ,y;iy vd;Wk; Kiwapl ehq;fs; vg;gb cyfk; ,Uf;fpwJ. rhPuk; ,Uf;fpwJ vd;W epidf;fyhFk;? mg;gb cyfk; rhPuk; NtwhapUf;fpwnjd;why; ,ijtplg; gop gpwpJz;Nlh? Md;NwhUk; 'epd;dhthh; gpwud;wp ePNa Mdha;" vd;W nrhy;ypapUf;fpwhh;fs;. ,d;Ndhud;d gy fhuzq;fshYq; flTisj; jtpu Ntnwhd;Wkpy;iy. ahT ktd; nray;. nrhy;nyy;yhk; Nkhdk; njhopyhjpAk; Nkhdk; vy;yhk; ed;Nkhd epiwNt.

,isg;ghwpa Mrpupau;> rz;bypg;gha;.

Nahfu; Rthkpfs; tho;e;j fhyj;jpy; njd; ,e;jpahtpy; = re;jpuNrfu ru];tjp RthkpfSk; tho;e;jhu;fs;. ,t;tpUtupd; tho;f;ifapYk; gy xw;Wikfs; cz;L. ,tu;fs; ,Utupd; gf;ju;fSk; rPlu;fSk; mjpf ek;gpf;if cilatu;fshfTk; Raeykw;wtu;fshfTk; ,Ue;jij mwpaf; $bajhf cs;sJ. ,tu;fs; ,UtUk; gyKiw jq;fs; rPlu;fSf;F rPlu;fspd; Nfhupf;if ,y;yhkNyNa cjtp Gupe;Js;shu;fs;.

Nahfu; Rthkpfspd; rPlu;fspy; gyu; jq;fs; Nkhl;lhu; thfdq;fspy; nry;Yk;NghJ gyKiw jq;fs; thfdKk; jhKk; fhg;ghw;wg;gl;lijf; $wpAs;sdu;. rPlu;fspd; ,dj;jtu;fs; Neha;tha;g; gl;lNghJ rPlu;fspd; Nfhupf;if ,y;yhkNyNa Rthkpfsplk; kUe;ijg; ngw;W Fzkile;Js;shu;fs;. cjhuzkhf vdJ jfg;gdhUk; Nahfu; Rthkpfsplk; mjpf ek;gpf;ifAs;stu;. xUKiw mtuplk; nrd; w nghOJ vdJ mk; k htpd; RftPdk; khWk; vd;W nrhy;Yk;nghOJ Rthkpfs; mk;khtplk; nfhLf;Fk;gb rpy jpuhl;ir goq;fis nfhLj;Js;shu;fs;. ehd; aho; ,e;J fy;Y}upapy; Mrpupadhff; flikahw;Wfpd;w nghOJ Rthkpfs; vdf;F Kd;Nd rptd; Nfhtpiy Nehf;fpr; nrd;W nfhz;bUe;jhu;. ehd; vdJ Jtpr;rf;futz;bia cUl; b f; n fhz; L mtu; gpd; N d nrd; N wd; . mtupw;F fpl;l nrd;wNghJ ehd; vijf; Nfl;f tpUk;gp kdjpy; nrhy;ypf;nfhz;L nrd;NwNdh mf;Nfs;tpfSf;nfy;yhk; ehd; NfshkNyNa tpil gfu;e;jhu;. ïªJ xË

- Nahfh; Rthkpfs; 54

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

Nahfu; RthkpAk; vq;fs; FLk;gKk; rp. rptNahfehjd; (tpupTiuahsu;> gyhyp Mrpupau; fyhrhiy)

<oj;jpy;

aho; ,e;J kfspu; fy;Y}up Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l NghJ ,e;Jf;fy;Y}up rigapy; Kfhikahsuhf Nrh; itj;jpaypq;fk; Jiurhkp ,Ue;jhu;. mr;rigahy; rpy Mrpupiafis fy;Y}up Muk;gpg;gjw;fhfj; njupT nra; j hu; f s; . mjpy; vd; rNfhjupAk; xUtuhthu;. mf;fhyj;jpy; xUehs; NtW ,uz;L MrpupiafSld; f];J}up Kj;Jf;FkhU tPl;bw;F kUe;Jf;fhf Nghd nghOJ Rthkp Fe;jpy; ,Ue;jhu;.

Nghdtu;fs; Rthkpiag; ghu;j;Jf; Fk;gpl;lhu;fs;.

Kd; g pd; vd; rNfhjupiaj; njupahj Rthkp mtitg;ghu;j;J “itj;jpaypq;fj;jpd; kUkfs; vy;Nyh> Ngha; ey;yha; gb” vd;whu;. rpy fhyj;jpd; gpd; Mrpupau; fyhrhiy Nghl; b g; g uP l ; i rapy; rpj; j p mile; J gapw; w g; g l; l Mrpupiaahf Rthkpapd; MrpAld; aho; ,e;J kfspu; fy;Y}upapy; Nritiaj; njhlu;e;jhu;. ehd; S.S.C (,g;nghOJ O/L) guP l ; i rf; F Kd; Rthkpaplk; Mrpngw xUehs; fhiyapy; nfhOk;Gj;Jiwf;F NghNdd;. mq;F rpyu; Rthkp Kd; ,Ue;jdu;. Rthkp cuj;j Fuypy; “,q;F rhj;jpuk; ,y;iynalh> Xbg;Ngha; gb” vd;whu;. mjd; gpd; gae;J ehd; mtuplk; Nghwjpy;iy. Mdhy; vdJ aho; ,e;Jf; fy;Y} upf;F mUfpy; Rthkpia fhZk; Neuq;fspy; Fk;gpl;Ltpl;L NghNtd;. gpd; Rthkpapd; MrpAld; gy;fiyf;fofk; nrd;W gbg;ig Kbj;Njd;. vdJ kidtpapd; FLk; g Kk; Rthkpapd; gf;ju;fs;. mthpd; je;ij ,uq;$dpy; (Burma) cj; j pNahfk; ghu; f ; F k; nghOJ kidtpAk; rNfhjuu;fSk; mq;F gpwe;jdu;. mtu;fSf;Fr; rpWtajhf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ ,uz;lhk; cyfg;Nghu; njhlq;fptpl;lJ. ag;ghdpau; Nghupy; gy ,lq;fisg; gpbj;jdu;. gpd; rpq;fg;G+iuAk; gpbj;Jtpl;lhu;fs;. mLj;J ,uq;$dpy; Nghu; njhlq;Fk; vd;W vz;zp jhiaAk; gps;isfisAk; fg;gypy; Nghwtu;fSld; njd; ,e;jpahTf;F mDg;gptpl;L jha; khkDf;F mwptpj;jhu;. jha;khkd; kz;lgk; KfhKf;Fg; Ngha; kidtpapd; jha; rNfhjuu;fis nrhe;j Cuhd cLtpYf;F $l;b te;jhu;. cj;jpNahfj;jpw;fhf je;ij ,uq;$dpy; jq;fpapUe;jhu;. rpwpJ fhyj;jpy; gu;khtpy; fLk; Nghu; njhlq;fptpl;lJ. ,Wjpapy; ag;ghdpau; ,uq;$id ifg;gw;wptpl;ldu;. mjdhy;

gy Qhdpfs; cjpj;jdu;. kf;fs; vy;NyhiuAk; rpj;ju;fs; vd;W $Wtu;. mJ jtW. rpj;ju;fs; %d;W tifg;gLtu;. Qhdrpj;ju;> ehj rpj;ju;> ,uNrRrpj;ju; vd;gtu;fNs mtu;fs;. Qhd rpj; j u; tupirapy; aho; g ; g hzj; j py; xU rpyu; ,Ue;jdu;. mtu;fSs; filapw; Rthkp> nry;yg;gh Rthkp> Nahfu; Rthkp MfpNahu; Kjd;ikahdtu;fs;. ,tu; f is Rthkpnad; W miof; f Ntz; L k; .

Nahfu; Rthkpfs; Qhdj;jpdhy; gy cz;ikfis fz;lwpe;jpUf;fpwhu;. ,tu; rpy rkak; kw;wtu; fz;zpy; glhky; elkhLtu;. mj;Jld; ,iwtNdhL jiyg;gl;l mbahu;fs;. cyf ,aw;ifNa khwpDk;> jhk; khwhj; jiyahsu; Mtu; vd;gij mg;gu; ngUkhd; ,g;gb tpsf;Ffpwhu;.

“thde; Jsq;fpy; vd; kz;fk;gk; Mfpy; vd; khy;tiuAk; jhde;Jsq;fhj; jiy jL khwpy; vd; jz;flYk; kPdk;gby; vd; vd; tpup Rlu; tPopy; vd;Ntiy eQ;Rz;L Cdk; xd;wpy;yh xUtDf;F Ml;gl;l cj;jku;f;Nf.” gyu; mtUila Qhdj;ijg; gw;wp vOJthu;fs;.

Mjyhy; ehd; vd; FLk;gk; RthkpAld; nfhz;bUe;j njhlu;ig khj;jpuk; vOJfpNwd;. vdJ jha;khkd; Kfhe;jpuk; itj;jpaypq;fk; (High Court Secretary) nfhOk; G j; J iw Rthkpahu; tP j papy; > Rthkpapd; ,Ug; g plj; j pw; F mUfpy; trpj;jtu;. mg;NghJ vdJ jhahu; mq;F NghFk; Nghnjy; y hk; Rthkpapd; Mrp ngw; W tUtJ tof;fk;. ehd; gpwe;jnghOJ mtUila ehkk; Nghy; vdf;F rptNahfehjd; vd;W ngau; #l;bdhu;. ehd; gpwe;j rpwpJ fhyj;jpy; FLk;gg; gpur;rpidahy; jhahu; me;jg;gf;fk; Nghtjpy;iy. f];J}upahu; tP j papy; Mas; N tj itj; j pau; Kj; J f; F khu; trpj;jhu;. mtUk; Rthkpapd; ngUk; gf;ju;. Rthkp efUf;F tUk; Neuq;fspy; Kj;Jf;Fkhupd; tPl;bd; Fe;jpy; ,Ug;ghu;. rpfpr;irf;F tUgtu;fs; mtupd; Mrpu;thjj;ijg; ngWthu;fs;. ïªJ xË

50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

55

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

rpyUf;Ff;fhak; Vw;gl;ljhf nra;jpte;jJ. ,uz;L ehspd; gpd; Rthkpaplk; Mrpu; t hjk; ngw; W cj;jpNahfj;jpw;F nfhOk;G nrd;whu;. kidtpapd; jhahu; jd; jk;gp Fkhurhkpf;F jpUkzk; nra;Ak; taJ te;Jtpl;lJ vd;W ngz; ghu;f;f epidj;jhu;. nfhOk;gpypUe;J tpLKiwapy; tPl;bw;F te;J kWehs; Rthkpaplk; Mrpu;thjk; ngwr;nrd;whu;. Rthkpf;F Kd; epd;W tzq;fptpl;L ,Ue;jhu;. Rthkp fz;iz %bf;nfhz;L ,Ue;Jtpl;L rpy epkplj;jpy; tpopj;J “cdf;Fj; jpUkzk; Ntz;lhk;” vd;whu;. Rthkpaplk; tpilngw;W tPL jpUk;gpaJk; jd; mf;fhtplk; jdf;F jpUkzj;Jf;F ngz; ghu;f;f Ntz;lhnkd;whu;. mjd;gpd; xU tUlg;gpwg;Gf;F tpLKiwapy; te;jnghOJ Rthkpia juprpf;fg;Nghdhu;. Rthkp rpwpJ Neuk; jpahdj;jpy; ,Ue;Jtpl;L> “cdf;F Vd; cj;jpNahfk;? nfhOk;Gf;F NghfNtz;lhk;” vd;whu;. ,ij jd; mf;fhtplk; nrhd;dhu;. mjw;F mf;fh jk;gpaplk;> “,e;j ,sk; tajpypUe;J vg;gb tPl;by; Rk;kh ,Uf;fpwJ?” vd;W $wp mtiuj; jpUk;gp nfhOk;Gf;F mDg;gptpl;lhu;.

Vg;uypy; jpUk;g Ntiyf;F Nghdtu; [_d; khjk; ehd;fhk; jpfjp aho;g;ghzk; tu Maj;jk;nra;jhu;. “]; N l]dpw; F NghFKd; rpwpJ Neuk; Xa; T vLf;fg;Nghwd;”; vd;W cldpUe;j ez;gdplk; $wptpl; L > cwq; f pdhu; . ]; N l]Df; F Nghf Neukhfptpl; l njd; W mtuJ ez; g d; vOg; g mirtpd; w p ,Ue; j hu; . cwf; f j; j pNyNa mtu; ,iwtdb Nru;e;Jtpl;lhu;. mf;fh gpwF jhd; czu;ej ; hu;. Rthkpf;F Qhdj;jpy; njupe;Jjhd; “Vd; cdf;F cj;jpNahfk;?” vd;whu; vd;gJ.

je;ij aho;g;ghzj;jpw;F tuKbahky; fhy; eilahf tl ,e;jpahtpYs;s myfghj;jpw;F te;J jq; f pdhu; . ,e; j gf; f k; tuKbahky; jtpj; j hu; . gu;khtpy; Nghu; njhlq;fpa 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ gpd; je;ijaplk; ,Ue;J xU jftYk; fpilf;fhky; jhAk; gps;isfSk; Vq;fpf;nfhz;bUe;jhu;fs;. mg;NghJ kidtpf;F taJ MW. mt;Ntisapy; xUehs; mjpfhiyapy; Rthkp cLtpypYs; s mtu;fspd; vl;L rhu; tPl;bd; Kd; tpwhe;ijapy; cs;s rhu;kidf; fjpiuapy; rhu;e;jgb ,Ue;jhu;. kidtpapd; jhahu; epj;jpiu tpl;L vOe;J Kd; fjitj; jpwe; j nghOJ Rthkp ,Ug; g ijf; fz;L Mr;rupaj;Jld; Fk;gpl;lgb epd;whu;. rpwpJ Neuj;jpd; gpd; Rthkp epkpu;e;J jhahiu Nehf;fp $wpaJ. “nts;isf;fhud; nty;Ythd;. mtu; tUthu;> gag;glhij” vd;whu;. mjd; gpd; jhahu; ek;gpf;ifAld; ,Ue;jhu;. rpyfhyk; nrd;w gpd; xUehs; khiy je;ij rpW ignahd;iw Njhspy; Rke;jgb tPlL ; thrypy; te;J kidtpapd; ngaiur; nrhy;ypf; $g;gpl;lhu;. vy;NyhUk; Mde;jj;jpy; jpfo; e ; j hu; f s; . mtu; jhd; g l; l f]; l q; f isr; nrhd;dhu;. Rthkp ,Ue;j rhu; fjpiu ,d;Wk; vq;fs; tPl;by; ,Uf;fpwJ. kidtpapd; xU jha;khkd; Fkhurhkp Rthkpapd; mbatu;fspy; xUtu;. mtu; nfhOk;gpy; murhq;f cj;jpNahfj;jpy; ,Ue;jhu;. xt;nthU KiwAk; aho;g;ghzk; tUk;nghOJ Rthkpaplk; Mrpu;thjk; ngw;Wj;jhd; jpUk;gpg;Nghthu;. xUKiw te;jnghOJ khiy gpuahzj;Jf;F Kd; fhiyapy; Rthkpiag; Ngha; juprpj;jhu;. mtu; clNd epkpu;e;Jnrhd;dhu;. “,d; W gazk; Nghfhij”> vd; w hu; . mtupd; mUs;gb md;W khiy Gifapujj;jpy; Nghftpy;iy. kWehs; md;W Nghd Gifapujk; jlk; Guz;L

Rthkpapd; ngupa ke;jpuk; “xU nghy;yhg;Gkpy;iy vg;gNth Kbe;j fhupak; KOtJk; cz;ik ehnkhd;Wk; mwpNahk;”

rptgf;jp

rptgf;jp khj;jpue;jhd; kdpjidg; ghf;fpathdhf;Fk;. kw;iwatidj;Jk; gpuNahrdkw;wit. Mifahy; ,iltplhkw; rptj;jpahdk; gz;Z. xd;Wf;Fk; gag;glhNj. ntw;wpAd; nrhe;jk;. vj;jidKiw jtwpdhYe; ijhpaj;ijf; iftplhNj. jtWjy; rl rk;ge;jkhdJ. ePNah rpj;Jg;nghUs; (mjhtJ mwpTg; nghUs;). ePnahU ehSk; mopakhl;lha;. vOe;jpU! tpopjJ ; f; nfhs;! fhhpaq; if$Lkl;Lk; topapNy jq;fptplhNj! cw;rhfj;NjhL Kd;Ndwpr; nry;. cdf;Fr; rfy rf;jpAq; fl;Lg;gLtijf; fhz;. tPz;thj jh;f;fj;jpNy ehisg; Nghf;fhNj. eP vq;Nf NghfpwhNah mq;Nf cd;Dld; gfthd; tUthh;. ntspkhjphp nahd;WQ; nra;ahNj. cdf;Fs; eP ngyj;Jf;nfhs;. rkankd;gJ xU khjphpAkw;w jdpjj; epiy. cly; nghUs; Mtp %d;iwAk; gfthDf;F xg;gil. mjd;gpd; cd;idg; gw;wpa fhhpaq;fisf; iftplL ; tpL. midj;Jk; mtNd ghh;.

- Nahfh; Rthkpfs; ïªJ xË

56

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

rptNahf Rthkpfspd; mUs;ngw;w Qhdpfs;

50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

kh®¡f©L RthÄfŸ (ifjo)

bršy¤Jiu RthÄfŸ (ïy§if)

ïªJ xË

R¥ãuKÅa RthÄfŸ (mbkÇ¡fh)

bfsÇghyh RthÄfŸ (n#®k‹)

eÇ¡F£o RthÄfŸ

rhªj RthÄfŸ (炙yhªJ)

rªâughyh RthÄfŸ (ãuh‹Þ)

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ 57 (mîÞânuÈah)

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

rptNahf Rthkpfs; jkJ FUehjh; nry;yg;gh RthkpfSld; jt tho;f;ifapypUe;j ey;Y}h; NjubiaAk;> nfhOk;Gj;Jiw Mr;rpukj;jpy; mbahh;fis MrPh;tjpf;Fk; fhl;rpiaAk;> Rthkpfspd; rkhjpf; NfhapiyAk; ,q;F fhzyhk;. ïªJ xË

58

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

rprpttNahf NahfRthkp Rthkpffs;s;mUs; mUs;nngw; gw;wwaho; aho;. .rprpttnjhz; njhz;lld;d;epepiiyaj; yaj;jjpd pd; fhl; ; fhl;rrpfpfSk; Sk;mth; mth;cgNahfp cgNahfpjj;j;jthfdKk; thfdKk;(fhh; (fhh;).). ïªJ xË

59

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

rptNahf Rthkpfspd; cyf ahj;jpiu mnkhpf;fhtpy; rptNahf Rthkpfspd; cyf ahj;jpiu Muk;gpj;j NghJ> rptha Rg;gpuKdpa Rthkpfs; jdJ FUehjhpd; jpUTUtr; rpiyf;F jPghuhjid nra;J ahj;jpiuia njhlf;fp itg;gijAk;> mnkhpf;f ,e;J ,isQh;fs;; jpUTUtr; rpiyia vLj;J tUtijAk;> jpUTUtr; rpiy Nth;[PdpahtpYs;s Nahf Mr;rpukj;jpw;F nrd;wNghJ rr;rpjhde;j Rthkpfs; topghL nra;tijAk; ,q;F fhzyhk;.

50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

ïªJ xË

60

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

“Nghlh Ngha; fe;jGuhzk; gb” M. jpahfuhrh> (mwq;fhtyu;> = ehfG+rzp mk;kd; Nfhtpy;> eapdhjPT.)

j

xU fhyj;jpy; Ntiy nra;jtu; vd;gij jhd; ek;k bg; g hu; l ; n kd; l ; vd; W $wpdhu; ” vd; w hu; . “mg; g bah Iah?” vd;W ehd; Nfl;lNghJ jhd; gyUf;Fk; mtUk; xU murNritapy; ,Ue; j tu; vd; W njupate; j J. “rup Iah> fe;jGuhzk; gbalh vd;whNu?” vd;W ehd; Nfl;lNghJ “jk;gp mJTk; elf;Fk;” vd;W mtUk; xU Qhdpahu;Nghy gjpy; nrhd;dhu;. mtu;fsplk; ,Ue;J tpilngw;Wf; nfhz;L tpy;t kuj;ijAk; topgl;l gpd; gazj;jpw;F Maj;jkhfp gazg;nghjp itj;jpUe;j tPl;bw;F te;Njd;. ehd; Kjd; Kjyhf Gifapujj; j py; gazk; nra;ag;NghfpNwd; vd;w Mu;tKk; nfhOk;G khefuj;jp;y; Ntiy vd;w kfpo;r;rpAk; xU gf;fk; ,Uf;f> “Ngha; fe; j Guhzk; gbalh” vd; w me; j thf; F vdf; F xU GjpuhfTk; tpag; g hfTk; ,Ue; j J. Gifapujk; nfhOk;G Nfhl;il epiyaj;jpy; epd;wJk; vy;NyhUk; ,wq;fpdhu;fs;. vd;id mioj;J te;jtu; vd; tuit vjpu;ghu;j;J epd;w vdJ rpwpa je;ijahuplk; vd;id xg;gilj;J tpl;L tpilngw;Wr; nrd;whu;. vdJ rpwpa je; i jahUf; F k; vdJ ngau; j hd; . mtu; ,yq; i f kj;jpa tq;fpapy; gjtpepiy mYtyuhfg; gzpGupe;J nfhz;bUe;jhu;. ,tu; nfhOk;G nfhs;Sg;gpl;bapy; fpwPd;ghj; vd;w ,lj;jpy; trpj;J te;jhu;. ,tUld; jhd; ehDk; ,Ue;J te;Njd;. vdJ gzpkid ,yq;if thndhyp epiyaj;jpw;F mUfhikapy; mike;Js;s fl;blq;fs; epu;khzg; nghwpapayhsu; mYtyfkhFk;.

1963 Mk; Mz;L Gul;lhjp khjk; vd;W vz;ZfpdN; wd;> ehd; flikGupe; J nfhz; b Ue; j gzpkidf; F xU njhiyNgrp miog; G te; j J. miog; g pid vLj;Jj; njhlu;G nfhz;ltu; vdJ gzpkid epu;thf mjpfhup. ,th; ngUk;ghd;ik ,dj;jtu;. “Iah ,q;F %d;W jpahfuhrhf;fs; ,Uf;fpd;whu;fs;> ePq;fs; ahu; NgRfpwPu;fs;?” vd;W Nfl;lhu;. mtu; jdJ ngaiuAk; gjtpiaAk; $wpaJk; “Iah kd; d pf; f Ntz; L k; ” vd;wgb> vd;id mioj;J “vq;fs; mikr;rpd; nrayhsu; =fhe;jh Iah ck;Kld; fijf;f Ntz;Lkhk;” vd;W $wpagb> njhiyNgrpiaj; je;jhu;. “tzf;fk; Iah” vd;Nwd;. gjpYf;F mtUk; tzf;fk; $wptpl;L “ePu; ,q;F Ntiy nra;tJ gw;wp ,d;Wjhd; ck;Kila jfg;gdhupd; jghy;%yk; mwpe;Njd;. ePqf ; s; ,d;W Ntiy Kbe; j Jk; nts; s tj; i jg; gps; i sahu; NfhtpYf; F thUq;fs;” vd;whu;. ,jd;gb Fwpg;gpl;lNeuk; mq;F nrd;Nwd;. mq;Nf kzp kz;lgj;jpy; fe;jGuhzg;gbg;G

tj; j pU Nahfu; Rthkpfs; 14-04-1959 md; W vdf;F ,l;l mUs; thf;F fl;lis. 1958 Mk; Mz;L murhq;fj;jhy; ehlshtpa uPjpapy; elhj;jg;gl;l nghJr; Nrit Nghl; b g; guPl; i rapy; murNritf; F Nju; T ngw;wtu;fspy; ehDk; xUtd;. nghJ Ntiy kuhkuj;J kpd;rf;jp mikr;rpd;fPo; cs;s fl;blq;fs; epu;khzj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; 16-04-1959 ,y; Nritf;fhd epakdk; te;jJ. vdJ cwtpdu; xUtu; 14-04-1959 Mk; jpfjp md;W nfhOk;gpw;F gazk; nry;tjhf mwpe;j vdJ je;ijahu; mtUld; vd; i d nfhOk; g pw; F mDg; g p itj; j hu; . eapdhjPtpypUe;J Gwg;gl;L glF %yk; Gq;FLjPTf;F te;J mq;fpUe;J aho;g;ghzk; te;Njhk;. ,uT Gifapujj; j py; j hd; gazk; vd; w gbahy; gazg; nghjpfisf; fe;ju;klj;jpy; ,Ue;j cwtpdu; tP l ; b y; itj; J tpl; L khiy G+irf; F te; J ey; Y }u; KUfid juprdk; nra;jgpd; Nju;Kl;biaAk; Rw;wp tyk; te;j nghOJ Nju;Kl;bapd; tlf;Fg;Gwkhf epd;w tpy; t kuj; j bapy; Mz; f Sk; ngz; f Skhff; gyu; mku;e;jpUe;jhu;fs;. tlf;Nf ghu;j;jgb xUtu; fhy;fs; Nky; fhy;fisg; Nghl;lgb mku;e;jpUe;jhu;. mbf;fb VNjh nky;ypa Fuypy; $wpdhu;. gpd; jdJ jhbiaAk; jltpdhu;. mq;F ,Ue;jtu;fs; kpf mikjpahf ,Ue;J mtu; $Wtijf; Nfl; L f; n fhz; b Ue; j hu; f s; . ehd; epd; w gb elg; g ij mtjhdpj; J f; nfhz; b Ue; N jd; . gpd;G rpwpJ Kd; efu;e;J nrd;W xU ngupatu; gf;fj;jpy; mku;e;J nfhz;Nld;. mg;nghOJ rpwpJ cuj;j Fuypy; fzgjpg;gps;is mtid ,q;F vd;dplk; mDg;Gk; vd;W xU Fuy;. Rthkpahu; Rl;bf;fhl;ba gf;fkhf vy;NyhUk; jpUk;gpg;ghu;j;jhu;fs;. vd;gf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;jtu; vd;idg; ghu;j;J “Rthkp ck;ik miof;fpd;whu; vOe;J Nghq;fs;” vd;whu;. $bapUe;jtu;fs; tpag;Gld; vd;idg; ghu;j;jgb ,Ue;jhu;fs;. ehd; if $g;gpagb kw;wtu;fs; toptpl Rthkpahu; Kd; nrd;W ghjj;ij njhl;L tzq;fpanghOJ vd; jiyapy; mbj; J “X! ek; k bg; g hu; l ; n kd; L f; F Ntiyf;F Nghfpd;wPuh? Nghlh Ngha; fe;jGuhzk; gb” vd;whu;. Rthkpahiu tzq;fptpl;L vOe;J te;Njd;. vy;NyhUk; vd;id tpag;Gld; ghu;j;jhu;fs;. “Rthkpahu; vd; d jk; g p nrhd; d hu; ? ” vd; W Nfl; l hu; f s; . “Ngha; fe;jGuhzk; gbalh” vd;whu; vd;W $wpNdd;. ehd; nfhOk;gpw;F Ntiyf;Fg; NghtJ gw;wpAk; vdJ gazk; gw;wpAk; vLj;Jf; $wpNdd;. mq; F epd; w xU ngupatu; “jk; g p eP u ; ,g; N ghJ Ntiyf; F NghFk; jpizf; f sj; j py; RthkpahUk; ïªJ xË

50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

57

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

ele;J nfhz;bUe;jJ. ngUk; njhifahd mbahu;fs; kz;lgk; epiwa ,Ue; J gbg; i gf; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jhu;fs;. gbg;gtu;fs; xUgf;fkhfTk;> gad; nrhy;gtu;; xU 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ GwkhfTk; mku;ej ; pUe;jhu;fs;. rpq;fKfd; fsj;jpy; ,we;jJk;> #ugd;kd; nra;jp mwpe;J Gyk;Gk; ghly;fs; gbf; f g; g l; L f; n fhz; b Ue; j d. nghUs; gbg; g tupd; gz;Zk; nrhy;gtupd; gz;Zk; xj;JtUtjhf ,Ue;jJ. ,e; j re; j u; g ; g j; j py; =fhe; j h Iah jd; g f; f j; j py; ,Ue; j tuplk; VNjh $wpdhu; . mtu; vd; d plk; te; J ghly;fis gbf;Fk;gb Nfl;lhu;. ,jidf; Fwpg;ghy; czu;ej ; md;gUk; vd;id te;J gbf;Fk;gb mioj;jhu;. ehDk; gbg;igf; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;j FUf;fisAk; tzq;fp tpl;L Kiwahfg; Gj;jfj;ij if Vw;W gad; nrhd; d tu; (nghUs; nrhd; d tu; ) ve; j g; g z; z py; nghUs; nrhd; d hNuh mNj gz; z py; ghly; f is ghbNdd;. nghUs; nrhd;dtu; rpwpJ Neuk; vd;idNa ghu;j;Jf;nfhz;bUe;jhu;. fhg;G kPsTk; gbj;J gbg;G Kbe;jJ. FUf;fs; Iah vOe;J te;jhu;. te;jtu; “me;jf; fhyj;jpy; fuk;gdpypUe;J te;J gad; nrhd;d ngupahupd; Qhgfk; ,tupd; Fuypy; xypj;jJ” vd;W $wpdhu;. “jk;gp ve;j Cu;?” vd;whu;. “eapdhjPT” vd;Nwd;. ,ijf;Nfl;lJk; ghl;Lf;Fg; nghUs; nrhy;ypf; nfhz;bUe;j ngupahu; vOe; J te; J vd; i df; fl; b g; g p; b j; J “eapdhjPTf; Fl;bg;gps;isahiuj; njupANkh?” vd;whu;. “Mk; Iah> mtu; vd; je;ij topg;ghl;ldhu;. mtupd; ngau;jhd; vdf;Fk; itj;Js;shu;fs;” vd;Nwd;. “Iah mtu;jhd; vq;fs; FUehju;” vd;whu; me;jg; ngupatu;. vd;id mioj;J te;j =fhe;jh Iah “,tu; ,q;F gzpGupfpd;whu; vd;gij New;iwa jpde;jhd; ,tupd; je;ijahupd;

jghy; % yk; mwpe; N jd; . ,tu; Guhzk; gbg; g jpy; kl; L ky; y jpUKiwfspYk; ty; y tu; . Guhzq; f l; F nghUs; nrhy;Yk; Mw;wYk; gilj;jtu; vd;Wk; vdf;Fj; njupAk;. ehd; eapdhjPT = ehfG+rzp mk;kd; Nfhtpy; mwq; f htyu; rigapy; ,Ue; j fhyq; f spy; ,tupd; jpwid ed;F mwpe;jpUe;Njd;. mk;ghspd; guk;giu mwq;fhtyu;fs;” vd;whu;. njhlu; e ; J jpUf; f y; a hzg; gbg; G eilngw; W f; nfhz; b Ue; j J. jpUf; f y; a hzg; g bg; G KbTWk; Ntis tUk; NghJ> Guhzg;gld rigj; jiytuhfpa = fhe; j h Iahtpw; F xU jfty; te; j J. “Ngha; fe; j Guhzk; gbalh” vd; W md; W vdf; F ey; Y } uhd; tPjpapy; fl;lisapl;l Nahfu;Rthkpfs; 1964 Mk; Mz;L gq;Fdp khjk; mkuj;Jtk; mile;J tpl;lhu;> vd;gJjhd; me;j nra;jp. 10-04-1964 ,y; vy;NyhUk; xd;W$b KbntLj;jhu;fs;> aho;g;ghzk; nry;tjw;F Mdhy; Guhzk; KbTwtpy; i yNa vd; w ftiy.

“Iah ehd; cupa Neuj;jpy; te;J ePq;fs; tUk; kl;Lk; fhg; i g gbj; J tUfpd; N wd; . Rthkpfspd; rkhjp itg;gpd; gpd; jpUkzg;gbg;igr; nra;ayhk;” vd;Wk; $wpNdd;. FUf;fSk; “,J xU tpjpKiwjhd;" vd;W $wpdhu;. ,jd;gb vy;NyhUk; aho;g;ghzk; nrd;whu;fs;. ehd; jpdKk; cupa Neuj;jpy; te;J jPgNkw;wp fhg;G nra;Al;fisg; gbj;J te;Njd;. gpd;G vy;NyhUk; te;;j gpd; jpUkzg;glyk; cl;gl kw;wg; gldq;fSk; gbj;J Guhzg;gldk; epiwT ngw;wJ. jhd; rkhjp epiyailAk; NghJ> ehd; fe;jGuhzk; gbj;Jf; nfhz;L ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W> md;W ey;iyf; fe;jd; Njubapy; ,l;l fl;lisapd; nghUs; Gupe;J njspT ngw;Nwd;.

“FUtha; tUtha; mUs;tha; FUNt rptNahfu; Nrtbfs; Nghw;wp Nghw;wp”

ew;rpe;jid

vd;Dila ,uhl;rpaj;jpy; ,uhg;gfypy;iy.ed;ik jPikapy;iy.eP ehdpy;iy ,d;iwf;F ehisf;F ,y;iy.nghpJ rpwpJ ,y;iy.ePAkpe;j ,d;gj;ij mEgtpf;f Ntz;Lkhfpy; mq;F KOkdj;NjhL ntspNawf; flit Gifapujk; Ntz;bajpy;iy. khl;Ltz;b Njitapy;iy. gpd; vd;d Ntz;Lkhfpy; ituhf;fpankd;Dk; GJf;fhj tz;bYk; rhe;jk; vd;Dk; ,uz;L nts;is vUJfSk; kdg;ghf;fpa nkd;DQ; rikahj rhjKk; ahrfnkd;Dk; mq;ft];jpuKk; Qhdnkd;Dk; %f;Ff;fz;zhbAk; vLj;Jf;nfhz;L gpd;Kd; ehlhky; tuf;flit.mg;nghOJ eP fhz tpUf;Fk; fhl;rpfis vd;dhw; nrhy;y KbahJ.flTNs rhl;rp.

ïªJ xË

58

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

kf;fSf;F topfhl;ba khKdptu; Nahfu; Rthkpfs;

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

j. rptg;gpufhrk;> nfhOk;G - 06.

50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

,g;GtpapNy

xU rkak; tpNtfpnahUtu; Nahfpahdtiu mZfp> “ehd; re;Njh~khf ,Uf;f tpUk;GfpNwd;” vd;d nra;a Ntz;Lnkd tpdtpaNghJ ‘ey;yijNa nra; jPnad nra;ahNj” vd;w tpsf;fj;ijf; Nfl;l tpNtfp Vkhw;wkile;jtuha;> “,J %d;W taJg; ghyfDf;Fk; njupAk; ” vd;whu;. “Mk;> %d;W taJ ghyfd; ,ij mwpthd;. Mdhy; vz;gJ taJ epuk;gpatu; ,ijg; gapw;rp nra;thuh?” vd;W gzpthf $wp> “mwpT nray;gLj;jg;gLk; NghNj ntw;wp” vd;W rhJupakhf mwptpj;jhu;.

NkYk; Rrq;fh tPug; ngUkh vd;w gj;jpupifahsu; jdJ “Homage to Yogaswamy” vd;w E}ypNy Fwpg; g pLifapy; : mnkupf; f ehl; i lr; Nru; e ; j mk;ikahu; Rthkpia mtuJ Fbirapy; re;jpj;J rk;gh~pj;j rkak; “fpwp];JTk; Gj;jUk; vq;fis ghJfhf;f khl;lhu;fsh?” vd;w Nfs;tpia Kd; itj;jhu;. gjpyspj;j Rthkpfs; “Buddha and Christ

fhyj;jpw;F fhyk; mtjupj;j mtjhu GU~u;fs; khdplj;jpd; Nkk;ghl;Lf;fhf jq; f is mu; g ; g zpj; j rhd; N whu; f s; . ,e; j tifapy; mwpQu;fs;> Qhdpfs;> jtNahfpfs;> Gdpju;fs;. rPuj ; pUj;jthjpfs;> jPuf ; f ; juprpfs; Njhd;wp jq; f spd; KOg; g q; f spg; i gAk; je; J s; s hu; f s; . ,tu;fs; Mrpu;tjpf;fg;gl;l kfhj;khf;fs;. jq;fs; cs;Szu;thy; czug;gl;litfis jdjhf;fp mt; t g; N ghJ tho; e ; j kf; f Sf; F k; > vjpu; f hy re;jjpapdUf;fhfTk; tpijj;Js;shu;fs;. ,g;Gz;zpa rPyu;fspd; tupirapNy <oj;jpd; tl Gy aho;g;ghzj;jpy; fle;j 150 tUlq;fSf;Fs; Njhd;wp> rkak;> Md;kPfk;> jj;Jtk;> tpQ;Qhdk;> rPu;jpUj;jk; midj;ijAk; cs;slf;fp> jdpj;Jtk; tha;e;j jdp kdpjdhf epd;W> jdJ nja;tPf rf;jpahYk; (Divine Energy) nja;tPfg; ghu;itahYk; (Divine Vision) kf;fs; kdj;jpNy Mokhd tpopg;Gzu;itAk; gjpitAk;> Vw;gLj;jpa kfhd;jhd; vy;NyhuhYk; md;GlDk;> gz;GlDk; miof;fg;gLfpd;w Nahfh;Rthkp. nka;Qhdpahfpa mtu; kf;fs; topfhl;bahfTk; rNfhjudhfTk; > ez; g dhfTk; . MrhdhfTk; > rpyNtisfspy;> mtutu; eyd; fUjp> md;Gk; fz; b g; G k; fye; j nkhopNgrp> jd; fUiz cs;sj;ij mNef re;ju;gg ; q;fspNy ntspg;gLj;jpAk;> rhjhuz kf;fSld; rhjhuzkhf ,Ue;J> tho;eJ ; > nja;tPfj;ij kf;fs; kdj;jpNy gha;r;rpatUk; ,g;ngupahNu. ,g;ngUe;jif> “Md;k tprhuizNa Kjw;gb”> “,Ul;by; ,Ue;jhYk; ntspr;rkha; ,U” vd;w Md;kPf jj;Jtj;ij epiy nfhz;L> rhjhuz kdpjidAk;; itukhf;fty;y> Qhdkio nghope;J kf;fs; kdj;jpNy Gj;Jzu;r;rp> kWkyu;r;rp> Md;kPf tpopg;Gzu;T> khw;wk; Mfpad cUg;ngw tpj;jpl;l kfhd;. Mapuj;jpw;F Nkw;gl;l mUs;nkhopfs;> ew; r pe; j idfspy; gj; J rjtP j j; i jahtJ jdjhf; f p> rhjid nra; J k; > mtuJ #l; R k &gj;ij kdf;fz;Kd; itj;J Muhjid nra;Ak; NghJk; > ehk; ,q; F te; j jpd; Nehf; f j; i j g+u;j;jp nra;tJld;> mtUldhd tpRthrj;ijAk; cWjpg;gLj;jpatu;fSk; MNthk;. ïªJ xË

saved themselves through their own efforts. Each man for himself – in this spiritual business. Don’t believe anyone who promises to help you. No one can help you because no one can. They may point out the path but you have to do the walking.” vd;W $wp RaKaw;rpapd;

mtrpaj;ij typAWj;jpAs;shu;fs;.

“MirNa mr;rj;jpwF ; fhuzk;”> “MirapypUe;Nj midj; J k; vOfpd; w d” vd; W iuj; j Qhdp Mirf;fhd fhuzk;> Njhd;wp kiwAk; ngsjPfg; nghUl;fspy; cs;s gw;W kl;Lky;yhJ> Mirf;F jPdp NghLk; fhkk;> FNuhjk;> Mztk;> Nguhir> gw;W> nghwhik> tQ;rid> gopthq;fy;> ngau;> Gfo;> Nghypf; nfsutk; Nghd;witfSk; vd;gij czu itj;Js;shu;fs;. ,j; j tNahfp> xU Fwpg; g pl; l ,dj; j pw; F nrhe;jkhdtu; my;yu;. nghJr; nrhj;jhfpa ,tu; cyf Nritahsu; (World Server) tupirapy; Kd; epw;fpd;whu;. ,tuhy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l ‘KOtJk; cz;ik’> ‘vg;gNth Kbe;j fhupak;’> ‘xU nghy;yhg;Gkpy;iy’> ‘ahk; mwpNahk;’ vd;w kfh ke;jpuq;fs; capu;jj ; d;ik cilaitahjyhy; fhyj; j hy; mopahjit. ,k; k e; j puq; f spd; cl;nghUis ed;Fzu;eJ ; > flypy; Kj;njLg;gjw;F Mokhf nry;tJ Nghy;> Mokhfr; nrd;W filAk; 59

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

to all. The experience of conversing with a living master in a memorable interview was far more instructive than reading many books relating to the ageless spiritual and philosophical wisdom.”

NghJ Rk;khtpUf;Fk; Rfj;ij mDgtpf;fyhk;. ,d;iwa Afj;;jpy; v j p u ; k i w (negativity) vd;w gpzpahy; jhf;Fz;L my;yg;gLk; khdplj;jpw;F mtu; mUspa QhdKj;Jf;fs; 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ nrd;wilANkahdhy;> ,aw;if kUe;jhf (Natural cure) nraw;gl;L Mf;fg+u;tkhd rpe;jid khw;wk; cUthFk;.

RthkpapDila cjLfspypUe;J mt;tg;NghJ cjpj;j kzpfs; (Jewels) capu;jj ; d;ik cilait vd;gij Rrq;fh tPug;ngUkh vd;w ngupahu; mtupd; E}ypy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sJ ,q;Nf nghUj;jkhFk;.

,tu; Kf;fhyq;fisAk; ed;Fzu;e;j jPu;f;fjuprp> aho;g;ghz kf;fs; vjpu;Nehf;fTs;s ,lu;fisnay;yhk; jd; cs;Szu;thu; czug;gl;L> md;W $wpa thf;fpak; mtiu xU nja;tf P j;jd;ik nghUe;jpa jPuf ; f ; juprpahf fhl;LfpwJ. fle;j Ik;gJ tUlq;fSf;F Nkyhf my;yYWk; kf;fSf;F gyu; vLj;j Kaw;rpfs; rpjWz;L ,Uf;Fk; fhyfl;lj;jpy;> gy jrhg;jq;fshf RthkpfsplkpUe;J Gwg;gl;l typikahd vz; z miyfs; ,d; W k; cyh tUtNj xusT if nfhLf;fpd;wNjh vd;Wk; rpe;jpf;fpd;Nwd;. ,g;ngupahiug; gw;wpa epidtpNy Njhd;wpa rpe;jidfis kl;Lg;gLj;jp cq;fSld; gfpu;e;J nfhs;tjpy; kfpo;r;rpailfpd;Nwd;.

“Yoga swami died few years ago but what he imparted in his characteristically casual manner will always remain living truths and a source of inspiration

Rthkpfspd; fbjk; ahTk; ekJ Ch;. ahtUk; ekJ Nfsph;. ed;ik jPik ehk;ju tUtd. gpwuhyd;W. gpwh; fha;e;j topf; fha;fpyk; cte;j top ctf;fpyk;.ahTk; jpUtUnsd;gJ ed;F mwpNthk; . ek; i kr; R+otutpUf; F k; kiyfs; jpUkhiyg; N ghy; gr; i rg; gNrnydf; fhzg; g Lfpd; w d. ,iue; J tpiue;J nry;Y kUtpfspd; ,dpa rj;jk; jpUkhypd; fuj; j pypUe; J ,iltplhJ xypj; J f; nfhz; b Uf; F k; ghQ; r rd; d paj; i j xj;jd.re;jpuDQ; R+hpaD kpUghhpf spUgf;fj;Jk; tpsq;FtJNghy; tpsq;Ffpd;wd. kuf; nfhk; g hpypUe; J jPq;Fuyhw; ghLk; gl;rpfs; mf; fz;zd; Gy;yhq;Foy; ghLtij xj;jpUf;fpdw ; d.

Njapiy nfha; A k; kfsph; jpUkhypd; ,dpa gf;juhd Nfhgpfh];jphPfis Neh;th;. ,t;tplj;Jf; fwq;Fk; Kurk; JhpNahjDlNd NghUf;Fr; nrd;w gQ;rghz;lthpd; Njhpd; kPJ mbf;fg;gLk; Nghpifia ,ire;jJ. vg;gbj; jpUkhy; rfy tsq;fSlDe; Jthuifapy; tpsq;fpdhNdh mg;gbNa ,k;kiy ,t;tplj;J kpsph;fpd;wJ.fz;zDila tpUe; j pduhf ehk; ,tzpUf; f pNwhk; . xd; W $WJk; . cte; J Nfl; F jp. ed; W jP n jd ehl; fopej; d. vd;W fhZty; vd;w vz;zNk ,d;Wk; vk;ik ,ire;J thl;bw;W.

nrhy;tij kpfTk; ftdkhff;Nfs;.eP ahh;? clk;gh? kdkh? md;wpf; fz; fhJ tha; %f;F Kjypa mtatq;fsh? ,y;iy.

Vd; vdJ clk; G vdJ ifnad; W nrhy; Y fpwjdhy; ehd; clk; i g tpl NtW nghUsy; y th? Mk; . gpd; i d ehd; vg;gbg;gl;ltd;? moptpy;yhjtd;.

Mifahy; vdf;Fg; gak; Kjypad tuyhkh? ,y;iy. Mdhy; rhPu kd jh;kj;ijnahl;bg; ghtj; j pw; F gag; g l Ntz; L k; . Gz; z paj; i jr; nra;aNtz;Lk;. Gj;jpkhd;fs; ,g;gb epide;Jk; nra;Jk; Nghpd;gj;jpw;F ,k;ikapYk; kWikapYk; ghj;jpuKs;Nshuhfpd;wdh;. epyk; fhw;W jz;zPh; neUg; G thdk; ,itfshyhf; f g; g l; l tP l ; b y; gfthd; trpf;fpwhh;.Mdgbahy; tPl;ilr; Rj;jkhAk; kdj;ijr; Rj;jkhAk; itj;J mikjpaha; el.

vd;Wk; kwthjtd;

27-02-32 md;G epiwe;j fe;jDf;F mbNad; vOJk; tpz;zg;gk;.mbNaDf;F klk; xt; n thUtUila ,jaKk; kuepoYk; re;epjpAk; vd mwpf. “vz;zpj; Jzpf fUkk; Jzpe;jgpd; vz;Zt nkd;g jpOf;F” vd; Dk; mbfs; thf;ifAk; ftdpf;f.

vd;Wk; kwthjtd; 17-02-32 ïªJ xË

60

,t;tz;zk; Nahfh; Rthkp

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

,lu; fise;jpl;l FU

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

t. Nfhtpe;jgps;is> caug;Gyk; Nfhtpyb> Midf;Nfhl;il.

50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

Guhzq;fspYk; ,yf;fpaq;fspYk; xUtiug;gw;wp

nra;tjwpahJ jpifj;j ehd; mtu; Kd; itj;j gotu;f;fq;fs; Kjypadtw;iw vLj;Jf;nfhz;L tPL te;JNru;e;J mtw;iw vdJ rNfhjupapd; gps;isfsplk; nfhLj;Njd;. me;ehl;fspy; toikahf tPlb ; d; njd;fpof;F %iyapy; xU fy;iy itj;J nts;spf;fpoikfspy; mk;kid epidj;J fw;G+uk; nfhOj;jp tzq;FtJ tof;fk;. xU ehs; mt;tPl;by; thq;nfhd;wpy; ,Ue;J cztUe;jpf; nfhz;bUe;j rkak; mk;%iyapy; ,Ue;J gpufhrkhd xspf;fw;iw vd;id Nehf;fp tPrpaJ; clNd vdf;F gf;fj;jpy; xU eiu %jhl;b mku;ej ; pUe;jhu;. ehd; cz;l czTg; ghj;jpuj;jpid ePl;baJk; “cij vt;tpjk; rhg;gpLtJ” vd;W $wp kiwe;jhu;. mt;Tztpy; ‘khkprk;’ fye;jpUe;jijf; fz;Nld;. tpopj;jJk; ,e;j epiy Fwpj;j kpfTk; ftiyAw;Nwd;. gpd;du; gy;fiyf;fofk; nry;Yk; tha;g;Gf; fpl;baJ. ngupatu;fs; $Wk; rpy nrhw;fis cldbahf tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tJ fbdk;. mit rpNyilahfTk; mikAk;. mtud;W $wpa “cd; tPL” vd;gJ fy;Yk; kz;Zk; nfhz;L fl;ba tPL my;y; mJNth>

mjpfkhff; $wg;gl;bUg;gpd; mjid Gide;Jiu vd;Wk;> Kf];Jjp vd;Wk; $Wgtu;fs; cz;L. mt; t hW $wg; g l; b Ug; g J Gide; J iuay; y > cz;ikNa vd;W Vw;Wf;nfhs;gtu;fSk; cz;L. ,jidg; Nghd; W ,w; i wf; F Ik; g j; i je; J Mz; L fSf; F Kd; G ez; g nuhUtu; Nahfu; Rthkpfisg; gw;wpf; $wpaJk; MFk;. ez;gu;> jhk; irf;fpspw; nrd;W nfhz;bUe;j rkak; vjpu;ghuhJ topapw; Rthkpfisf; fz;lJk;> nra;tjpd;dnjd;wwpahj epiyapy; epiyFiye;jik gw;wp vLj;Jf;$wpa ghq;F mj;jifa xUtiu ehDk; fhzNtz; L k; > juprpf; f Ntz; L nkd; w Ntzth vd;Ds; vOe;jJ. ,e;jepiy> “ePAk; njhy;tpid ePq;fypd; vk;gpuhd; epiyik MAk; ey;Yzu; tpd;Wte; nja;jpa Jdf;F”

vd;w $w;Wf;Fr; rkkhFk;. ehd; ,k;khtl;lj;jpidr; rhuhjtdhifahy; ez;gu; %yk; RthkpfsJ Mr;rpukk; mike;Js;s ,lj; j pidf; Nfl; l wpe; J Kjy; e hs; khiyNa nrd; W ,lj; j pid mwpe; j gpd; d u; mLj; j ehs; mjpfhiy vOe;J mtUf;nfd thq;fpitj;jpUe;j gotu;ff ; q;fSld; nrd;wpUe;Njd;. mq;F nrd;wNghJ mtu; cl; f hu; e ; j pUe; j hu; . Fj; J tpsf; n fhd; W Rlu;tpl;l tz;zk; mtu; Kd;ghfg; gpufhrpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,Ug;gpDk; mtUf;Fg; gf;fj;jpy; ,d;DnkhUtu; tPw;wpUe;jJ vdJ vjpu;ghu;g;Gf;Fr; rpwpJ rq;flkhf ,Ue;jJ. ,Ug;gpDk; nrd;w ahd;> nfhz;Lnrd;w goq;fis mtu; Kd;ghf itj; J epd; N wd; . mg; N ghJ vd; i d jkf; F g; gf;fkhf mkUkhW $wpdhu;. mg;gbg;gl;l xUtu; $wpakhj;jpuj;Nj vt;tpjk; mkUtJ?. ,Ug;gpDk; VNdh vd; fz; f spypUe; J fz; z P u ; xOf Muk;gpj;jJ. ,jid mtu; rpwpJ Neuk; $u;e;J Nehf;fpagpd;du; vd;dplk;>

“Njhyhw; Rtu;itj;J ehyhW fhypw;Rkj;jpapU fhyh nyOg;gp tisKJNfhl;bf; ifehw;wp euk; gh yhu;f;if apl;Lj; jirnfhz;L Nta;e;j “mfk;”

vd;gij czu ePz;lfhyk; vLj;jJ. ,Ug;gpDk; mtuJ rpwe;j topfhl;ly; vdf;Fr; rpwe;j rw;FUtpd; topfhl;ly; Nghy kfpo;t+l;bajhy; mtiu epide; J gpd; t UkhW ghlnyhd; W ghlyhapNdd;. mJ tUkhW:“jhq;nfhzhj; Jau;#o;e; njd;gplu;gpbj; Je;jplj; jQ;rnkhd; wwpfpyhNj jtNahfu; rhkpNa epd;idahd; fz;Lkdj; jhgk; tpyf;fntz;zp

“,tw;iw vL; nfhz;LNgh; ,q;F Vd; te;jha;; flTs; cd; tPl;bNyNa ,Uf;fpd;whu;; mtuplk; $W”

khq;fdp eWq;fjyp ghf;Fntw;wpiyg+ kfpo;nthL fuj;Nje;jpNa

vd;W vd;idf; fbe;jhu;. ïªJ xË

61

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

te;JdUs; xspguT eiwfko; kyu;ghj kaiyt jikg; gug;gp ePq;fhj tpiztpopfs; neQ;rKW ftiyjid epiwjhiu aha;g;nga;jpl epd;kyd; gjKyT neQ;rpdha; tpopfshy; ePLeP $u;e;JNehf;fp

vd;W ghb kfpo;NtdhapNdd;.

“ghnyy;yhk; ey;yhtpd; ghyhNkh ghupYs;s E}nyy;yhk; ts;Stu; nra; E}yhNkh”

vd;w $w;Wf;F ctikahf mike;j rw;FUNt Nahfu; Rthkpfs; Mthu;. ngUk;ghyhdtu;fs; jhk; jhk; fw;wwpe;j rpj;Jfs; Kjypadtw;iwf; fhl; b gyiuj; jk; g hy; <u; g ; g Jk; > mt; t hW <u; f ; f g; g l; l tu; f is ek; g itg; g tu; f Skhf ,Ug;gtu;fNs md;wp cz;ikg; nghUis mwpa topfhl; L gtu; f shf mikgtu; f s; mupjpDk; mupnjdyhk; . jhNk mwpahj xU nghUis gpwUf;F mwptpg;gJ Kbahj fhupakhFk;.

<q;FeP te;jNjd; ,itfisj; J}f;NfF ,iwtDd; dpy;yKd; nld; nwd;W$ wpf;fdtp yk;ikiaf; fhl;bnad; dplu;fise; jpl;l FUNt”

rptNahf Rthkpfs; 50tJ FUG+ir - fl;Liug;Nghl;b KbTfs;

fPo;g; gphpT

,uz;lhk; ,lk;:

nry;tp Njtg;gphpah ghyr;re;jpud; ah/ney;ypab kj;jpa kfh tpj;jpahyak; ney;ypab

Kjyhk; ,lk;

nry;tp vk;. Mh;. jp];dh mgpeah ePh;/tp[auj;jpdk; ,e;J kj;jpa fy;Y}hp ePh;nfhOk;G

nry;tp rptuQ;rdp KUifah

,uz;lhk; ,lk;

kh/ fe;NjEtu jkpo; kfh tpj;jpahyak; khj;jis

%d;whk; ,lk;

nry;tp m\hhp`h mNrhfd;;

Nkw;gphpT

ah /Ntk;gb kfsph; cah;ju ghlrhiy aho;g;ghzk;

Kjyhk; ,lk;:

nry;td; nrq;fjph;r;nry;td; Nre;jd;

%d;whk; ,lk;

aho;. ,e;Jf; fy;Y}hp aho;g;ghzk;

nry;tp thdjp nrq;fjph;r;nry;td; ah/,e;J kfsph; fy;Y}hp aho;g;ghzk;.

,uz;lhk; ,lk;

nry;tp yf;\pg;gphpah ghyr;re;jpud; ah/ ney;ypab kj;jpa kfh tpj;jpahyak; ney;ypab

kj;jpa gphpT Kjyhk; ,lk;

%d;whk; ,lk;

nry;td; uhkypq;fk; epj;jpauh[;

nry;tp NuZ`h\dp rptRg;gpukzpak;

nghy /jpk;G n`td; gpl;b jkpo; kfh tpj;jpahyak; nghyeWit ïªJ xË

ghpRj;j jphpj;Jt kj;jpa fy;Y}hp Etnuypah 62

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

FUtbtpy; ehd; fz;l ,iwtd; ,uh. rj;jpathd; nfhOk;G-15 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

tl;Lf;Nfhl;ilapy;

nrd;W jpahdk; nra;alh” vd;whu;. “jpahdk; nra; cs;Ns cs;s czu;T topfhl;Lk;. eP vd; d Njitnad; W epidf; f pwhNah> mJ vy;yhk; topfhl;Lk; ” vd;whu;. ehd; tPl;i l Nghf ntspf;fpl;l Neuk; “nfhQ;rk; nghW> MNuh til> Nkhjfk; nfhz;L thuhu;fs; rhg;gpl;L Nghlh” vd;whu;. vd;w Mr;rupak; gj;J epkplj;jpy; til> Nkhjfk; te;J Nru;e;jJ. clNd vdf;F nfhLf;Fk;gb $wp thq;fpj; je;jhu;. ,Jjhd; ,iwtdpd; tpisahl;L. xUKiw fhe;jp Nrth rq;fj;jpd; Mz;Lf; $l;lj;jpy; vd;idg; Ngr itj;jdu;. vq; fs; Cupy; cs; s rptd; Nfhtpy; tP j papy; ehd; Kg; g J epkplk; tiu NgrpNdd; . vy; N yhUk; ifjl;b tuNtw;wdu;. ,uz;L ehSf;Fg; gpd;G Rthkpahuplk; nrd;Nwd;. mtu; vd;idf; fz;lJk; “vd;dlh rptd; Myaj;jpd; gpd;G Ngrpdhalh> ehd; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;Njd;” vd;whu;. ehd; jpifj;Jg; NghNdd;. rptdpd; jpUtpisahlyh ,J vd;W epidj;Njd;. NgRtnjy;yhk; rkag; Ngr;rhf ,Uf;fl;Lk; vd;whu;. xUKiw ehDk; vd;NdhL Nru;e;j ,UgJ thypgu;fSk; vq;fs; Cupd; mUfhikapy; cs;s mk; k d; Myaj; j py; gyp vLg; g ij epWj; j r; nrd;Nwhk;. gyp ,Lk; ,lj;jpy; rj;jpahf;fpufk; nra;ar; nrd;Nwhk;. Nfhtpy;fhuUk; vk;ik mbj;J Juj;jptpl;ldu;. mLj;j ehs; Nts;tp gypapLk; ehs; ehk; nrd;W Fog;GNthk; vd;W vz;zp nghyp]py; mwptpj;J vd;id ifJ nra;jdu;. vd;NdhL Nru;e;j ,UgJ thypgiuAk; ghlrhiyf;F nrd;W ifJ nra;J rq;fhidg; nghyp]py; epWj;jpdu;. mjd; gpd;G aho;g;ghzk; ngupa Nfhl;by; epWj;jp tpsf;fk; nra;jdu;. mg;NghJ vd;id $l;by; Vw;wp itj;J tpsf;fk; Nfl;ldu;. vd;d mjprak; mq;Nf Kj;JFkhurhkp rl;lj;juzp te;J jhd; ,e;j tof;ifg; nghWg;Ngw;gjhf $wp ele;jtw;iw vd; d plk; Nfl; l hu; . ehk; gypapLtijj; j hd; vjpu;f;fpd;Nwhk;. Nfhtpypy; ,J elf;ff;$lhJ vd;Nwd;. clNd ePjthidg; ghu;j;J gs;spf;$l khztu; f s; . ,tu; f s; gyp ,Ltijj; j hd; vjpu;f;fpwhu;fs;. ey;y tplak; vd;whu;.

,e;Jrka mgptpUj;jp rq;fj;jpd; ghlrhiyf;F Gj;jfk; thq;f Ntz;b ehDk; nrayhsUk; tz; z hu; g z; i z rptd; Nfhtpy; Kd;Gs;s tPjpapy; nrd;Nwhk;. mq;Nf jhd; ele;jJ vjpu;ghuhj ,e;j rk;gtk;. xU taJNghd Kjpatu; me; j topapy; te;J nfhz;L ,Ue;jhu;. vkf;F Kd;G te;j me;j Kjpatu; vd; ifia gpbj;J “vq;ifalh Nghwha; vd;idj; njupANkhlh?” vd;W mjl;bdhu;. ehd; xd;Wk; Ngrtpy;iy. “vdJ ifia tpLk;” vd;W cjwpNdd;. “ehd; tpl;lhYk; eP vd;id tplkhl; l ha; ” vd; W nrhy; y pr; nrd; W tpl; l hu; . gf;fj;jpy; cs;s filf;fhuu;fs; vd;id mioj;J “jk;gp mtu; jhd; Nahfrhkp> cq;fSf;F ,d;W ey;yfhyk;” vd;wdu;. ehd; jpUk;gpg; ghu;j;Njd;. mtu; Ngha;tpl;lhu;. ehDk; kw;wtUk; gy Gj;jf filfSf;Fr;nrd;W rkag; Gj;jfq;fSk; thq;fp filrpahf =fhe;jh Gj;jff; filf;F te;Njhk;. vd;d Mr;rupak;?

RthkpAk; cs;Ns ,Ue;J tUtijf; fz;Nld;. te;jtu; ntspapy; Nghthu; vd;W vd;W epidj;Njd;.

Mdhy; vd; d Ufpy; te; J vd; ,lJ gf; f nrhf;ifapy; Kj;jkpl;lhu;. rpt rpt vd;w ke;jpuj;ij vdJ fhjpy; Nfl;f Xjpdhu;. vdf;F kpd;rhuk; jhf;fpaJ NghypUe;jJ. vd;id tpl;L ntspapy; nrd;whu;. vdf;F vd;d nra;tJ vd;W njupahJ jpifj;J tpl;Nld;. taJ gjpndl;L ,Uf;Fk;. v];. v];. rp gbj;j Neuk;. clNd tPl;Lf;Fr; nrd;W tpl; N lhk; . mLj; j ehs; ghlrhiyf; F r; nrd; W ele;jtw;iw rka ghl Mrpupauplk; $wpNdd;. mtu; re;Njh~g;gl;L Rthkpahu; nfhOk;Gj;Jiwapy; ,Uf; f pwhu; . nrd; W tuNtz; L nkd; w hu; . ehd; mLj;j ehs; nts;spf;fpoik Rthkpahiu re;jpf;f nrd;Nwd;. ehd; tUtij vjpu;ghu;jJ ; epw;gJ Nghy; epd;whu;. “thlh th. eP xU ey;y guk;giuiar; Nru;e;jtd;. ehk; vy;NyhUk; Kw;gpwg;gpiy xd;whf ,Ue;jtu;fs;. ,q;Nf gpwe;Jtpl;Nlhk;. rptnjhz;L nra;tNj vkJ Ntiy” vd;whu;. “What do you think you will become that” vd;W Mq;fpyj;jpy; $wpdhu;. nghk;ikf;Fk; nghk;ikf;Fk; fy;ahzk; g+Nyhfnky;yhk; nfhz;lhl;lk; vd;W ifia jl;bdhu;. ehd; xd;WNk Ngrtpy;iy. “miwapiy ïªJ xË

63

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

Nfhtpy; Kjyhsp xU ghlrhiy mjpgu;. mtu; Ke;E}W tUlq;fshf eilngWfpwJ vd; w hu; . eP gbj;j gps;is ,ij nra; a yhkh. khztu; f s; vjpu;f;fpwhu;fs; epWj;JtJ 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ ed;W vd;W Nfl;L nfhz;lhu;. ePjthd; khztu;fs; Nfhtpy; gf;fk; Nghff; $lhJ vd;W $wp xUehs; kwpay; vd;W jPu;g;gspj;jhu;. ,ijf; Nfl;l Kj;Jf;Fkhurhkp mtu;fs; vd;dplk; te;J “jk;gp vd;id NahfRthkp jhd; mDg;gp itj;jhu;. mtuplk; NghdNghJ jdJ gps;isia Nfhu;l;by; epWj;jp ,Uf;fpwhu;fs; vd;whu;. jk;gp ePq;fs; Nfhu;l; Kba MW kzpf;F Rthkpahuplk; Nghf Ntz;Lk;” vd;whu;. ehd; mONjd;. ,iwtid ek;gpdhw;F Fiwtpy;iy vd;whu;. ehd; Nfhu;l; Kba MW kzpf;F Rthkpahuplk; nrd; N wd; . mtu; vd; tUifia vjpu; g hu; j ; j khjpup ,Ue;jJ. ehd; cs; nrd;wJk; “thlh th vd;d Ntiy ehapd; thiy epkpu;j;jg; ghu;f;fpwha; KbAkh? ftdk; cd;id mbj;Jf; nfhiyAk; nra;a ghu;g;ghu;fs;. xU ,lKk; NghfhNj” vd;whu;. “vy;yhk; rptd; nray;” vd;Nwd;. “gag;glhNj> ,uz; L tUlj; j py; vy; y hk; ntw; w p tUk; ” vd;whu;. mg;gbNa Nfhtpy; ,uz;L tUlk; %lg;gl;L Cutu;fs; Ngrp Kbj;J gypia epWj;j rk; k jpj; j hu; f s; . Nfhtpiy jpUj; j pf; fl; b f; Fk;ghgpN~fk; nra;tjhf jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;lJ. 1960Mk; Mz;L vdf;F jpUkzk; ele;jJ. jpUkzk; Kbe;jJk; Rthkpahuplk; nrd;W MrPut ; hjk; ngw;Nwhk;. vkf;F KjyhtJ gpwe;j gps;isf;F

RfaPdk;. aho;g;ghzk; murpdu; itj;jparhiyapy; itj;jpUe;Njhk;. tpahjp fLikahf ,Ue;jJ. ehd; Rthkpahuplk; nrd;Nwd;. mtu; vd;idf; fz; l Jk; “thlh th vd; d ftiyalh? eP xd;Wf;Fk; gag;glhNj cdf;F nfhs;sp itf;f xUtid ngw;wha;> nfhs;sp itf;fg; gpwe;jtdlh> gag;glhNj Ngh" vd;whu;. vd;d Mr;rupak; ,uz;lhk; ehs; tpahjp khwp Jz;L ntl;b tPl;il tpl;L tpl;lhu;fs;. xU ehs; vdJ ez; g d; Nfhghygps; i s te;J NahfRthkpahuplk; Nghf Ntz;Lk; vd;W Nfl;Lf;nfhz;lhu;. nry;Yk;NghJ vd;NdhL te;j Nfhghygps;is jdf;F fisg;ghf ,Uf;fpwJ vd;W filapy; tilAk; rhg;gpl;L> NjePUk; Fbj;J te;jhu;. ehd; xd;Wk; rhg;gpltpy;iy. ,UtUk; cs;Ns nrd;W tzf;fk; Rthkp vd;Nwhk;. clNd mtu; cs;Ns ,Ue;j xUtiu jpUehTf;fuR ,q;Nf th vd;W $g;gpl;lhu;. vd;d mjprak;? ,tDf;F grpf;Fk;> kw;wtDf;F grpf;fhJ vd;W $wpdJk; vd;NdhL te;jtu; tpOe;J Rthkpia tzq;fpdhu;. clNd ,UtUf; F k; thioapiy Nghl; L rhg; g hL gupkhwg; g l; l J. mg; N ghJ Rthkpahu; vd;dplk; xU Gj;jfj;ij nfhLj;jhu;. tpupj;Jg; ghu;j;Njd;. mJ jpUthrfkhf ,Ue;jJ. clNd Rthkpahu; rptGuhzj;ij vLj;J gbalh gps;is vd;W je;jhu;. gbj;Njd;. rpwg;G vd;W $wp vy;yhk; ,jDs; mlf;fk; vd;whu;. irtj;jpUKiwfis gbj;J rpwg;gpf;f Ntz;Lnkd;whu;. gpd;G rhg;gpl;L ,UtUk; ntspNa te;jJk; ,UtUk; gpupahky; ,Ue;J rptnjhz;L nra;a Ntz;Lnkd;W mDg;gp itj;jhu;. ,g;NghJk; XJtuhf ,Ue;J tUfpNwd;. vy;yhk; Nahfh;Rthkpapd; jpUtUNs.

jtk; jtj;jpNy Nkk;gl;lth;fisf;$l ,e;jphpaq;fs; tuk;G fle;J ,Oj;Jr; nry;fpdw ; d.Mjyhy; mtw;iw nty;tjw;Fr; rptj;jpahdQ; nra;f. mjdhy; khj;jpue;jhd; Gyd;fisj; jd;trg;gLj;jj;jf;fJ.MfNt ,iltplhJ rptj;jpahdQ; nra;. kdpjd; tplaq;fisf; fUJk; Nghnjy;yhk; gw;Wz;lhfpwJ.gw;Wjyhy; tpUg;gk; cz;lhfpwJ. tpUg;gj;jhw; rpdk; gpwf;fpwJ. rpdj;jhy; kaf;fk;. mk;kaf;fj;jhy; jtWjy; cz;lhFk;. Mjyhy; cd;idr; rptj;jpahdj;jhy; fhj;Jf; nfhs;. ehq;fs; vq;fs; rpWikf; Fzj;jpdhy; ,ay;gope;J jUk topapdpd;W jtWfpNwhk;.jtWjy; ePq;fpj; jpl Kz;lhfr; rptj;jpahdNk rpwe;j fUtpahFk;. ,e;j cyfj;jpy; kpFe;j nry;tkpUg;gpDk;. thNdhiu Vty; nfhs;sf;$ba ty;yikapUg;gpDk; ehq;fs; Gyd;fis mlf;fpahSjy; KbahJ. Mjyhy; jpUtUis Kd;dpl;L kdj;ijg; Gyd;topr; nry;yhky; mlf;fpahs;. ,J jhd; jtnkd;W nghpNahh; nrhy;th;.,ijtpLj;J ,lk;gkhd Nts;tp Kjypait nra;tjhy; jplKz;lhf khl;lhJ.

- Nahfh; Rthkpfs; ïªJ xË

64

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

rpj;ju;fs; ,ay;GfSk; rptNahf RthkpfSk; irtg;Gytu; jpUkjp. jahspdp nre;jpy;ehjd;;> ah/,Ztpy; ,e;Jf; fy;Y}up>

50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

rp

rpj;ju;fsJ ,ay;Gfisr; rptQhd rpj;jpahu;>

“gj;jNuhL rpj;ju; gapy;fpd;w gOT+Nu”

“Qhykjpy; Qhdepl;il AilNahUf;F ed;iknahL jPikapiy ehLtnjhd;wpy;iyr; rPykpy;iy jtkpy;iy tpujNkhlhr; rpukr; nraypy;iyj; jpahdkpy;iyr; rpj;jkyk; ,y;iy Nfhykpy;iyg; Gydpy;iyf; fuzk; ,y;iy Fzk; ,y;iyf; Fwpapy;iyf; FyKk; ,y;iy ghyUld; cd;kj;ju; gprhru; Fzk; kUtpg; ghlypNdh lhlypit gapd;wpbdk; gapy;tu;”

j;ju; vd;w nrhy; tof;F irtj; jpUKiwfspNyNa Kjd; Kjyhf ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ. ,j; jpUKiwfspNy ,iwtd; mb njhOk; gf; j u; f s; NtwhfTk; > rpj; j u; f s; NtwhfTk; Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sik Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;. ,jw;F mwpQu;fs; nfhLj;Js;s tpsf;fkhtJ “flTisf; fhz Kay;gtu;fs; gf;ju;fs;> flTis fz;L njspe;jtu;fs; rpj;ju;fs;” vd;gjhFk;. rpj;ju; vd;w nrhy;iyj; jpUQhdrk;ge;ju;>

vdTk;> Re;ju%u;j;jp ehadhu;>

vd tpsf;fp epw;fpd;wJ. jkpo;ehl;by; gjpndz; rpj;ju;fs; rpwg;Gw;W tpsq; f pAs; s hu; f s; . mNjNghy; <oj; j pYk; rpj; j u; guk; g iu xd; i wf; fhzf; $bajhf cs;sJ. <oj;Jr; rpj;ju; guk;giuf;F tpj;jpl;ltu; filapw; Rthkpfs; Mthu;. mtiuj; njhlu;e;J <oj;jpNy rpj;ju;fshfr; nry;yg;gh Rthkpfs;> Nahfu; Rthkpfs; > ngupahidf; F l; b r; rpj; j u; > rpj;jhidf;Fl;br;rpj;ju;> etehjr;rpj;ju;> Filapw; Rthkpfs;> Kj;Jypq;f Rthkpfs; Nghd;w gy rpj;ju;fs; fhzg;gl;Ls;shu;fs;. <oj;Jr; rpj;ju;fSf;Fs;Ns Fwpg;gplj;jf;f xUtuhf tpsq; f patu; rptNahf Rthkpfs; Mthu;. aho;g;ghzj;jpNy khtpl;lGuk; vd;Dk; CupNy 1872Mk; Mz;L itfhrp khjk; 29 Mk; jpfjp mtpl;l el;rj;jpuj;jpNy Nahfu; Rthkpfs; mtjupj;jhu;. ,tuJ gps;isj; jpUehkk; rjhrptd; vd;gjhFk;. ,tu; rpWtajpNyNa ngw;Nwhiu ,oe;jhu;. MapDk; khkpahu; xUtUila mutizg;gpy; tsu;e;J te;jhu;. cupa fhyj;jpy; fy;tpfw;W murNritapy; Nru;e;jhu;.

MapDk; ,tUila kdk; Md; k P f j; i j ehbr;nrd;wJ. rpe;jid> nray; ahTk; jd;id czu;e;J ,iwtdhfpa nka;g;nghUisf; fhZk; ehl; l Nk mtuplk; NkNyhq; f pf; fhzg; g l; l J. ,e;epiyapNyNa ,tu; nry;yg;gh Rthkpiaf; fhz Neu;e;jJ. mf;fzNk mtUf;F FUtha; epd;W nry;yg;gh Rthkpfs; jPli ; rAk;> cgNjrKk; nra;jhu;. rw;FUtpd; jPl;irAk;> cgNjrKk; ,tUila tho;f;ifapy; gy khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;jpaJ. ,tu;

“gf;ju; rpj;ju; gyNuj;Jk; gukd; gioa D}u;Nka mj;jd; Myq;fhld;” vdTk; khzpf;fthrfu;> “jpz;bjw; rpj;ju;fNs filf;$io nrd;kpd;fs;”

vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sik Nehf;fj;jf;fjhFk;. “rpe; i japNy fsq; f kw; w hd; rpj; j dhthd; ” vd; W k; > “rpe; i j njspe; j pUg; g td; mtNd rpj; j d; ” vd; W k; “nrfnky; y k; rptnkd; N w mwpe;Njhd; rpj;jd;” vd;Wk;> rpj;ju; ghly;fs; rpj;ju; ,ay;Gfisf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd. rpj;ju;fs; vd;w nrhy; gw;wp Nehf;fpd; rpj; vd; w hy; mwpT vd; W nghUs; nfhs; s g; g l; L > mwpT tbtkhf jk;ik Mf;fpf; nfhz;ltu;fs; rpj; j u; f s; . ,tu; f s; “xd; N w Fyk; xUtNd Njtd;” vd;gjw;Nfw;g rhjp> rkaq;fisf; fle;j epiyf;Fl;gl;ltu;fshf tpsq;Ffpd;whu;fs;. rpj;ju;fs; rpj;Jf;fs; iftug; ngw;wtu;fs;.

Nahf newp epw;gtu;fs;. ml;lkh rpj;jpfisAk; iftug; ngw; w tu; f s; . ml; l kh rpj; j pfshtd mzpkh> kfpkh> yfpkh> gpuhu;j;jp> gpuhfhkpak;> <rj; J tk; > trpj; J tk; > fupkh vd; g dthFk; . ,tu;fs; ,aw;iff;F mg;ghw;gl;l mjPj Mw;wy; iftug;ngw;wtu;fs;. rpj;jj;ij ntd;wtu;fs;. tpid ePq;fg; ngw;w rPtd; Kj;ju;fs;. g+uzkhdtu;fs;> Gdpjkhdtu; f s; vdg; gythW rpj; j u; f spd; ,ay;Gfs; $wg;gLfpd;wd. ïªJ xË

65

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

xU nghy;yhg;Gk; ,y;iy vd Xjpdhd;. mg;gbNa cs;sJ. ahuwpthu; vd khjtj;Njhd; $wpdhd; vd;gjid>

vy; y htw; i wAk; Jwe; J nry;yg;gh RthkpfisNa jkJ jha;> je;ij> FU vy;yhkhff; nfhz;lhu;. xU ehs; rPlu; jd; FUitj; juprpj;j gpd; Nju;Kl;bapd; Nkw;gbapy; ,Ue;J 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ ehw;gJ ehs; ,uT gfyhf epl;ilapy; ,Ue;jhu;. mjd;gpd; FUtpd; fl;lisg;gb gpr;ir vLj;J cz;zj; njhlq;fpdhu;. md;W njhl;L mtu; Nahfu; Rthkpfs; vd miof; f g; g lyhapdhu; . rptNahf RthkpfSk;> ,tuJ FUthd nry;yg;gh RthkpfSk; ey;Y}u; KUfd; Mya Rw;whlypy; tho;e;Nj Qhd xsp gug;gpdu;. rptNahf Rthkpfs; jk; mbahu; f spd; ed;ikf;fhf rptnjhz;ld; vd;w khj ,jioj; njhlq;fpdhu;. mj;Jld; rptnjhz;ld; epiyaq;fis aho; g ; g hzj; j pYk; > nrq; f ybapYk; epWtpdhu; .

Nahfu; Rthkpfs; jk; md;gu;fSf;Ff; ftpijapYk;> ciuapYk; $wpa cgNjrq;fs; ew;rpe;jid vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. NkYk; ,tu; jk; ew;rpe;jidg; ghly;fspy; jk; FUtpd; rpwg;ig> cau;it gyglf; $wpAs;shu;. ,iwtNd nry;yg;gh tbtpy; te;J Ml;nfhz;lhu; vd;gjid>

“tpae;J epd;w ntd; jdf;F Ntjhe;j cz;ik gae;jPUk; tz;zktd; gz;gha; - eae;J nfhs; mg;gbNa cs;sJ fhz; Muwpthu; vd;whdhy; xg;gpyh khjtj;Njhd; cw;W”

vdg; Nghw;Wfpwhu;. cyf kf;fs; midtupdJk; Md;kPf cau;tpw;fhf ,iwtid ,iwQ;Rfpd;w Rthkpfspd; Nghf;fpid mtu; mUs; cgNjrq;fspy; fhzyhk;. “cz; i k KOJk; mwpe; j pllh ,J Kbe; j KbT ,ij czu;” vd;Wk; “xU nghy;yhg;Gk; ,y;iy vjw;Fk; Vq;fhNj gag;glhNj tUtJ te;J Nghfl;Lk; nghUl;gLj;jhNj” vdTk; ,iw ek; g pf; i fAk; > kdj; J zpTk; j hd; itaj; j py; tho;thq;F tho top fhl;Lk; vdTk; mOj;jp ciuj;jhu;.

NkYk; kf;fspd; cau;Tf;F kpf ,d;wpaikahjJ xOf;fk; vd;gij> “xOf;fk; tpOg;gk; jUk; jk;gpkhNu Xk; vd;W rpe;ij nra;tPu; jk;gpkhNu..... ca;a top mJ fhZk; jk;gpkhNu”

vdg; ghbAs;shu;. ,t;thW ew;rpe;jid %yk; ew;fUj;Jf;fis vLj;J tpsf;fpatu; rptNahf Rthkpfs; Mthu;. vdNt NkNy $wg;gl;ltw;wpy; ,Ue;J rpj;ju;fs; vd;Nghu; ahu; vd;gJ gw;wpAk;> rpj;ju;fsJ ,ay;Gfs; gw;wpAk;> rptNahf RthkpfSila tuyhW kw;Wk; mtUila ew;rpe;jidf; fUj;Jf;fs; gw;wpAk; mwpe;J nfhs;sf; $bajhf cs;sJ.

“,Utpidahd; kjpkaq;fp ,lu;g;gl;l fplg;Ngidf; fUizapy; Mz;Lnfhs;s flTs; jpUTsq; nfhz;L mUs;Nkdp jhq;fp mtdpapNy te;jhidj; jpUthOk; ey;iy efu;j; Njubapy; fz;Nld;”

vdg; ghbAs;shu;. mLj;J Nahfu; Rthkpfs; Kj;jp newpfhl;ba tpj;jfuhfNt nry;yg;gh Rthkpfisf; fhz;fpwhu;.

ew;rpe;jid nja;tj;ij ek;G. KOkdj;NjhL ek;G. cyfpy; cdf;fpdpanjdf; Njhd;Wk; vtw;wpYk; ,dpajhf epid. mijtpl Ntwpy;iy vd;W epid. ,Uf;Fk;NghJk; epw;Fk;NghJk; elf;Fk;NghJk; fplf;Fk;NghJk; epid. cdJ euk;gpYk; jirapYk; ,uj;jj;jpYe; nja;tnkd;Dk; epidNt epiwtjhf. ehdpy;iy> flTNs ,Uf;fpwhnud vz;Z. flTisf; Fk;gpLjNy tho;tpd; ,yf;fhf itj;Jf;nfhs;. vtd; vij epidf;fpwhNdh mtd; mJthfpwhd;. flTis cdJ cs;sj;jpy; itj;J tsh;g;ghahf. vy;yhk; mtUila nrayhFf. <w;wpy; vy;yhk; mtdhfNt fhzg;gLk;. rptngUkhd; mj;Jtpjkhf ,Uf;fpwhh;.mbNad; mtNu vdj; jpahdpfF ; k; kfpik vdf;Fz;L. xUtd; vg;gb ghtid nra;fpwhNdh mtd; mg;gb Mfpwhd;. Mifahy; ‘ehd; mtNd’ vd;W jpahdQ; nra;. mg;NghJ cd; nra;iffs; midj;Jk; mtd; nra;ifNa ahFk;. mtidj; jtpu NtW nghUs; ,y;iy mtNd midj;Jk;. mg;gbahd mtNd jd;idg; gy Nfhyq;fshf;fp tpisahLfpwhd;. mtDf;Fg; gpwg;gpy;iy Mjpae;jkpy;iy. xU khWjYkpy;iy.KOJKz;ik.

- Nahfh; Rthkpfs;

ïªJ xË

66

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

ey;Y}h; jpUj;jyg; g[idg; ghjahj;jpiu

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

eapid- ehfkzp NfhghyfpU\;zd; (jiyth; - rg;j jPtf jpt;a [Ptd rq;f rkhrk;)

e

“ y;iy gjpf;F Neuha; ele;J NghNthk; ehnky;yhk; thuPH rPuha;” vd;w FUehjd; rptNahf Rthkpfs; nrhd;d rPyj;ij rpuNkw;nfhz;L fle;j 49tJ Mz;Lfs;tiu ghjahj;jpiu eilngw;W tUfpwJ. ey;Y}u;f; fe;jd; NjHj;jpUtpohit ikakhf itj; J elhj; j g; g Lfpd; w J. rptNahfRthkpfs; jpUtbf; fyg; G w; w 23.03.1964 jpq; f l; f poik Rthkpfspd; rptgjkile;j nra;jp thndhyp%yk; njhptpf;fg;gl;lJ. nfhOk;G jpt;a [Ptd rq;fk; nfhOk;G nfhf;fpf;fil =jk;igah KjypahH rj;jpuj;jpy; mf;fhyj;jpy; ,aq;fp te;jJ. rptNahf Rthkpfspd; ew; r pe; j idg; ghly; f s; kw; W k; Nghjidfs; ghbAk; thrpj; J k; Rthkpfspd; jpUtbfis jpahdpj;J xU fpoik(thuk;) mQ;rypg; gpuhu;j;jid eilngw;wJ. mjd;gpd; thu thuk; rptNahf Rthkpfspd; ew; r pe; j idg; ghly; f s; ghbg; gpuhu;j;jid eilngw;W te;jJ. tuhe;NjhWk; Qhapw; W f; f poikfspy; irt mbahu; f spd; ,y;yq;fspy; g[id epfo;j;jp topghL elj;jpa ehl;fspy; rptNahf Rthkpfspd; ew;rp;e;jidg; ghly;fSk; ,lk;ngWk;. nfhOk;G jpt;a [Ptd rq;fj;jpd; rw;rq;f xd;W$ly; epfo;T 1964 Mk; Mz;L itfhrpg; G+uiz jpdj;jpy; eilngw;wJ. nfhOk;G nfhr;rpf;fil =jk;igah KjypahH rj;jpuj;jpy; jpUkjp rpthde;jk; jk;igah mk;ikahH jiyikapy; eilngw;w rw;rq;f Xd;W$ly; fye;Jiuahly; epfo;tpd;gpd; rq;fj;jpd; miog;gpw;fika tUif je;jpUe;j ehtyg;gpl;b Mj;kN[hjp MrpupaH jpU. eh. Kj;ijah mtHfs; xU Ntz;LNfhis Kd;itj;J ciu epfo;j;jpdH. 'aho;g;ghzj;jpy; Nrhjpahf tpsq;fpa FUehjd; rptNahf Rthkpfs; nrhd; d kfh thf;fpaq;fis rpuNkw;nfhz;L nraw;glNtz;Lk;.

Rthkpfs; nrhd;d kfh thf;fpaq;fs; ey;iyf; fe;jd; Njubapy; Cw;whd nry;yg;gh Rthkpfspd; Qhd thrfkhd “XU nghy;yhg;Gk; ,y;iy. vg;gNth Kbe; j fhupak; > ehkwpNahk; > KOJKz; i k”. me;j ehd;F kfh thf;fpaq;fis njspe;jwpe;J mUs;g ug;gpdH rptNahf Rthkpfs; . Rthkpfs; jpUtbf;fyg;Gw;w ,t;thz;by; (1964) jpUj;jyk; g[idg; ghjahj;jpiuia ey;iyf;fe;jd; NjHj; jpUtpohit nahl;b elj;jg;glNtz;Lk;. eapdhjPT ïªJ xË

50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

ehfg+\zp mk;ghs; Myaj;jpy; ,Ue;J ey;Y} u; f ; fe; j d; Myaj; j pw; F jpUj; j yg; g[idg; ghjahj;jpiuahf tUlhtUlk; ey;Y}u;f; fe;jd; NjHj;jpUtpohitnahl;b elj;jNtz;Lk;. “ey;iyg; gjpf; F Neuha; ele; J NghNthk; ehnky; y hk; thuP H rP u ha; ” vd; w NahfRthkpfs; nrhd; d kfhthf;fpaj;ij eilKiwg;gLj;JtJ njhz;lhf mikal;Lk;. mjw;F vdJ MrpAk; topelj;jYk; vd; W k; Jizahf ,Uf; F k; " vd; W mUs; fl;lisia tpLj;jhH. ehtyg;gpl;bapy; 1947 Mk; Mz;L Mj;kN[hjpia Muk;gpj;J kiyafj;jpYk; kw;Wk; rHtNjrj;jpYk; Mj;kN[hjp khjhe;j Vlhf ntspte;jJ. Gj;j ngUkhdpd; mjp caHe;j Nghjidiaf;$l ,d> kj> nkhop NtWghbd;wp gpuRupj;j Mj;kN[hjp epiyak; 1983Mk; Mz;L ,df;fytuj;jpy; Kw;whf jP%l;b vupj;J mopf;fg;gl;lJ. Mj;kN[hjpahfj; jpfo;e;j eh. Kj;ijah MrpupaH mtHfs; vkf;F jhaha;> je;ijaha;> FUtha;> ez;guha; Mj;kPf ey;topfhl;baha; jpfo;e;jhH. rptNahf Rthkpfspd; epidthf Rthkpfs; jpUtbf;fyg;Gw;w 1964 Mk; Mz;by; ,Ue;Nj eapid ey;Y}H jpUj;jyg; g[idg; ghj ahj;jpiuia Muk;gpj;;J njhlh;e;J elj;jNtz;Lk; vd;gjpy; ce;Jrf;jpahf ,Ue;J Muk; g pj; J topelj; j toprikj; J r; nrd; w Mj;kPf FU 1964 Mk; Mz;L ey;Y}u;f; fe;jd; NjHj;jpUtpohtpw;F Kjy;ehs; eapidehfg+\dp mk;ghs; Myaj;jpy; ,Ue;J Nty; vLj;Jf;nfhz;L jpUj; j yg; g[idg; ghjahj; j piuia jdJ jiyikapy; Muk;gpj;J itj;jhH Mj;kN[hjp eh.Kj;ijah MrpupaH mtHfs;. eapid ey;Y}H jpUj;jyg; g[idg; ghjahj;jpiuia rptNahf Rthkpfspd; epidthf tUlhtUlk; epfo;j;j Ntz;Lk; vd;gjpy; kpFe;j mf;fiwAld; nraw;gl;ltH nrayhsuhf ,Ue;J nraw; g l; l mkuu; k. ekrpthak; . rptNahf Rthkpfspd; ew; r pe; j idg; ghly; f isg; ghb ghjahj;jpiuia topelj;jpath;. Guhzq;fs; gbj;Jg; gad; nrhy;tjpy; ty;ytu;. rk];fpUjj;ijg; gapd;W ghz;bj;jpak; ngw;wtH. ekrptha Njrpfu; vd;w gl;lk; ngw;wtH. 1988 Mk; Mz;L rptjk; mile;Jtpl;lhH. 67

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

vd;Wk;> ey;Y}uhd; tPjpapw; Ngha;f; $TFapNy ey;y njhz;lH ehnkd;W $TFapNy” vd;Wk;> “Njubapw; nrd;W juprpj;jhw; NghJnkdg; ghuwpar; nrhd;d goq;fijia- ePuwpa khl;BNuh epd;W kdq;frpe;J ghBNuh ehl;BNu NfsPH eyk;. ey;y kUe;njhU FUkUe;ij ey;iyf; fe;jd; ekf;F ey;Y}upy; je;jhd;” vd;Wk; nrhy;yg;gl;Ls;sJ. mUkUe; njhU FUkUe;jhd; rptNahf Rthkpfs; nrhd;d ew;rpe;jid thrfq;fs; fhyj;jhy; mopf;f Kbahj kfh ke; j puthrfq; f shf cyfk; cs; s tiu epiyj;J ep;w;Fk; vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy. rptNahfRthkpfs; jpUtbf; fyg;Gw;w Mz;L 1964 Kjy; Rthkpfspd; Nghjidia rpuNkw;jhq;fp eilngw;WtUk; ,j;jpUj;jyg; ghjahj;jpiuapy; gq; F nfhz; L Cf; F tpj; j E}w; W f; f zf; f hd rhd;Nwhu;fs; ,d;wpy;iy. mtHfspd; Md;khf;fs; Njhd;whj; Jizahf epd;W topelj;Jfpd;wJ vd;gJjhd; cz;ik. eapid ehfg+\zp mk; g hs; Myaj; j pd; mwq;fhtyH rigapd; jiytuhf 1965Mk; Mz;L mkuu; k. =fhe;jh ,Ue;jth;. mg;Nghija ePHg;ghrd kpd; r f; j p mikr; r pd; nrayhsuhf mkuu; k. =fhe;jh mtHfs; gzpahw;wpa fhyk; Rthkpfspd; kpf Kf;fpakhd rPlu;fspy; xUtuhf ,Ue;jtH k. =fhe;jh mtHfs;. mtHfspd; jiyikapy; 1965 Mk; Mz;L eapid ehfg+\zp mk;ghspd; NjHj;jpUtpohtd;W khiy rg;j jPtf jpt;a [Ptd rq;f rkhrj;jpd; mq;Fuhh;gg ; z epfo;T eilngw;wJ. Nkw; g b mq; F uhh; g ; g zf; $l; l j; j py; eapid gpujp\;lhg+\zk; mkuu; I. ifyhrehjf;FUf;fs;> mkuu; Nf. gp `ud; (<oehL MrphpaH)>Mj;kNIhjp mtHfs; ciuahw;wpaJld;> Nkw;gb jpUj;jyg; g[idg; ghjahj;jpiu tUlhtUlk; njhlHe;J eilngwNtz;Lk;. rptNahfRthkpfspd; jpUtUs; topelj;Jk; vd;W Mrp toq;fpdhu;fs;. jPTg;gFjpf;Fk; aho;g;ghzj;jpw;Fk; njhlu;G Jz;bf;fg;gl;bUe;j 1992 Mk; Mz;L Kjy; 1995 Mk; Mz;L tiu Nkw;gb g[idg; ghjahj;jpiu muhyp Mtuk;gpl;b =Kj;Jkhup mk;ghs; Myaj;jpy; Muk;gkhfp tl;L rpj;jd;Nfzp> rPuzp> RJkiy> jhtb> nfhf; F tpy; Clhf %d; W ehl; f s; eilngw;W ey;Y}iu mile;jJ. FUehjd; rptNahfRthkpfs; nrhd;d rPyj;ij “ey; i yg; gjpf; F Neuha; ele; J NghNthk; ehnky;yhk; thuPH rPuha;” vd;wthW Rthkpfs; jpUtbf; fyg;Gw;w 1964Mk; Muk;gpj;J njhlu;rr ; pahf 2006Mk; Mz;L Culq;Fr; rl;lk; mKypy; ,Ue;Jk; “gQ;rk; gil te;jhYk; ghnuy;yhk; nte;jhYk; mQ;RtNjh ehq;fnsb” vd;w FUehjd; ew;rpe;jid thf;fpw;fika jilg;glhky; Culq;Fr; rl;lj;jpd; kj;jpapYk; NtYld; gtdp te;j jpUj;jyg; g[idg; ghjahj;jpiu 2014Mk; Mz;by; 50 tJ Mz;by; fhyb itf;fpd;wJ.

ey;iyf;fe;jd; jpUtPjpapy; mUshsUf;F khj; j puk; Gyg; g Lfpd; w mjprak; nkj;jTz;L. mij rptNahf Rthkpfs; ew;rp;e;jidapy; “me;ehspy; Mrhd; mUe;jtk; nra;j 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ ,lk; mJthjyhNy mjprak; nkj; j Tz; L ”. me;j mjprak; ,d;Wk; mUshsUf;F Gyg;gLfpd;wJ. “ey;iyg;gjpf;F Neuha; ele;J NghNthk; ehnky;yhk; thuPH rPuha;” vd;w FUehjd; nrhd;d rPyj;ij nky;yj; njspe;jwpe;J nraw;gl;lhy; mjd; cl;nghUis mDgtuPjpahf czuyhk;. g[idg; ghjahj;jpiu vd; w hy; cr; r papy; ,Ue; J cs; s q; f hy; t iu ,iwtDf;F mu;g;gzkhf;fpr; nry;fpd;w topghL. Gyd; xd;wpdhy;jhd; ,iwehkj;ij ,irNahL kdk; xd;wpg;ghl KbAk;. ey;Y}iu Nehf;fp tha;ghl> iffs; jhsk;Nghl> fhy;fs; eilahy; ce;j Gyg;glhj ce;Jrf;jp ce;jpj;js;Sk;. “vy;yhk; mw vd;id ,oe;j eyk; nrhy;yha; KUf Rug+gjpNa” vd;W mUzfpupahu; nrhd;d thrfk; njspthfg; Gyg;gLk;. rptNahf Rthkpfs; ew;rpe;jidapy; nrhd;d kfh ke;jpu thrfq;fs; vf;fhyj;jpYk; capH ehbj; Jbg;Gila mUs; thrfq;fs;. Rthkpfs; nrhd;d mUs;top epd;W curpg;ghu;j;jhy; mjd; nja;tPf rf;jpapd; mUs;jpwid mDgt uPjpahf czuyhk;. ekf; F Gyg; g lhj xU nja; t P f rf; j p ek; i k topelj;Jfpd;wJ vd;w NgUz;ikia czuyhk.; rpj; j Hfs; elkhba ey; i yf; f e; j d; Njub nja; t P f k; epiwe; j mUs; gug; G fpd; w ,lk; .

Rthkpfs; ey;iyf; fe;jd; tPjpap;y; jhd; ngw;w mUs; ,d;gj;ij ew;rpe;jid thrfkhf je;Js;shH. rpy thrfq;fis rpe;jpj;jhy; ey;iy tPjpapd; mUspd; ntspg;ghl;il czuyhk;. “ve;ehSk; ey;Y} iu tyk; te;J tzq;fpdhy; ,lu;fs; vy;yhk; NghNk. me;ehspy; Mrhd; mUe;jtk; nra;j ,lk; mJthjyhNy mjpark; nkj;j cz;L” vd;Wk;> “nry;yg;gidj; jpdKk; Nrtpf;Fk; ew;wtd; nry;tr; rptNahf ehjDf;Fw;wtd;” vd;Wk;> “ey;Y}uhd; jpUtbia ehd; epidj;j khj;jpuj;jpy; vy;yhk; kwg;Ngdb fpspNa! ,uT gfy; fhNzdb. gQ;rk; gilte;jhYk; ghnuy;yhk; nte;jhYk; mQ;RtNjh ehq;fnsb fpspNa MWKfd; jQ;rnkb” vd;Wk;> “tWikg;gpzpf;F kUe;njhd;W ,Uf;FJ te;J ghUq;fs; ey;Y}hpy;> te;J kUe;ij mUe;jpa khjtH tho;e;jtH tho;e;jhNu” vd;Wk; ey;Y}uhd; fpUig Ntz;Lk; ntnwd;d Ntz;Lk; eikg;gpupahd; vd ek;gpl Ntz;Lk;” vd;Wk;> “ey;Y}iuf; Fk;gpl;L eP ghL – mjdhNy ehl;bYs;s gpzpfs; xLk;” vd;Wk;> “nry;yhNj ntWq;ifaha; nry;yg;gd; tho;e;j ehL Njq;fhAld; gok; nfhz;L eP nry;Y”

ïªJ xË

68

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

kfpikkpf;f FUtpd; mUs; irtg;Gyth; nry;tp fp. tPurpq;fk; 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

FU vd;gtH mQ;Qhdj;ij ePff; p> nkQ;Qhdk;

jpUg;ngUe;Jiwapy; FUe;j kuj;jbapy; FUthf vOe;jUsp> kzpthrfiu Ml;nfhz;ltH me;jg; gukhde;jg; guk;nghUNsahFk;. FUNt ,iwtd;@ ,iwtNd FU@ vd;w cz;ik kzpthrfh; tho;tpy; Gyg;gLfpd;wJ. =uhkfpU\; z gukfk; r H> eNue; j puDf; F f; FUthfp> gpwf ; hyj;jpy; tpNtfhde;jH vd;w ehkj;Jld; mtH mfpynkq;Fk; ,e;J kjj;jpd; ngUikia Xq;fp xypf;fr; nra;a fhuzkhfpd;whH. irtrka QhdFU guk;giuia Mz;ltNd Muk;gpj;J itj;Js;shH. fy;yhy ku epoypd; fPo; njw;F Nehf;fpa tz;zk;> rpd; Kj;jpiuAld; rptgpuhd; fhl;rp nfhLj;J> mfr; re;jhd FU guk;giuia Muk;gpj;J itf;f> guk;giu njhlHe;J> guQ;Nrhjp KdptH FUthfp> nka;fz;lhH %yk; Gwr;re;jhd FU guk;giu ,t; G+Tyfpy; njhlu mUs; ghypj;Js;shH. MfNt> vkJ rka Qhd guk;giu KOKjw; flTspUe;Nj Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ. capHtHf;fj;jpy; rfyUf;F khdplr; rl;il jhq;fpa FUthAk;> gpusahfyUf;F- jd; cz;ik tbtpYk;> tpQ;QhdfyUf;F – mtHfs; mwpTf;F mwptha; epd;Wk; ,iwtd; czHj;JthH. md;W jpUg;ngUe;Jiwapy; FUe;j kuepoypy; kzpthrfH FUtUs; ngw;whH. ,q;F ey;Y}H KUfd; Njubapy; nry;yg;gh Rthkpfshy; <Hf;fg;gl;L> NahfH FUtUSk; jpUtUSk; ngw;w mjprak; ele;jJ.

toq;Fk; QhdpahthH. jd;idr; ruzile;J> kpf;f md;Gld; topgLk; mbatiuj; jd; rPldhf;fpg; ghrk; ePf;FgtuhtH. xUtUf; F Md; k rhe; j pAk; > Gyd; f spy; mikjpAk;> jd;id kwe;j nja;tPf czHTk;> Mde;jf; fz;zPUk;> vtUila jpUKd;dpiyapy; Vw; g Lfpd; w Njh> mtiuNa QhdFU vd; W $wyhk;.

Vida vy;NyhUk; ey;top fhl;Lk; Mrhd;fs; kl;LNk vdyhk;. “njspT FUtpd; jpUNkdp fhz;ly; njspT FUtpd; jpUehk;k nrg;gy; njspT FUtpd; jpUthu;j;ij Nfl;ly; njspT FUTU rpe;jpj;jy; jhNd.”

(jpUke;jpuk; - ghly; ,y:139)

vdj; jpU%yH jpUke;jpuj;jpy; FUtpd; rpwg;igg; ghbaUspAs;shH. FUitr; rPlNdad;wp gpwH mwpakhl;lhHfs; vd;gij “jpUtUl;gadp”y; ckhgjp rpthr;rhupahH “mUSUepiy” vd;Dk; mjpfhuj;jpy; tpsf;fpf; fhl;Lfpd;whH. 'mUsh tifahy; mUs;Ghpa te;j nghUs; MH mwpthH Gtp"

(jpUtUl;gad; - ghly;.,y.43)

vdf; $wp tpsf;Ffpd;whH. NkYk;>

'Mrhidf; fz;Nld; mUe;jtH tho; ey;Y}upy; Ngrhjd nty;yhk; Ngrpdhd; - $rhky; epd;Nwd; eP ahulh ntd;Nw mjl;bdhd; md;Nw ahd; ngw;Nwd; mUs;"

'ghu;it vd khf;fis Kd;gw;wpg; gpbj;jw;fhk; Nghu;it vdf; fhzhH Gtp"

(jpUtUl;gad; - ghly;.,y.45)

vdj; jhd; fz;l juprdk; gw;wpg; ghb> jhd; mUs; ngw;w mDG+jpia ntspf;fhl;Lfpd;whH. NahfH jd; cs;sj;J Md;kpf czHit epidj;J cUfpg; ghLtijf; fhzyhk;.

vd;w ghtpd; %yk;> gof;fg;gl;l tpyq;Ffspd; Jiz nfhz;L> me;je;j tpyq;Ffisg; gpbg;gJ Nghy> GtpkPJ mUs; Nghu;j;Jf; nfhz;L te;j FUtbtj; i j> gf; F tk; ,y; y hjtHfs; mwpa khl;lhHfs; vdf; $Wfpd;whH. QhdFUitr; ruzile;J> rhjid nra;af; fpilf;Fk; NgW xg;gw;wJ. Mdhy; ,j;jifa ngUk;NgW gf;FtKilaNahUf;F kl;LNk fpilf;Fk; vd;gij Md;kPf tuyhWfs; fhl;b epw;fpd;wd. ïªJ xË

'vl;Lkpuz;Lk; mwpahj vd;idAk; el;lk;nra; nry;yg;gd; ey;Y}upy; ey;y gl;lkspj;jhd;"

vd;W ghLfpwhH. jhd; fz;l Qhd mUis vy;NyhUf;Fk; $wp epw;fpwhH. 69

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

“ey; Y }Hj; Njubapy; ehd; fz; l rptNahfk; nrhy;yKbahj Rfj;jpidf; fhl;b tpLk;” vdg; ghbg;ghbr; Rfk; fhZk; Qhdr; Ritia ,q;F Nahfuplk; 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ fhz;fpd;Nwhk;. fhe; j k; ,Uk; i gg; gw; w p ,Og; g J Nghy> ,sikapNyNa gf; F tk; ngw; w Nahfiu ey;Y}Hj;; Njubapy; nry;yg;gh RthkpfshdtH gw;wp ,Oj;jpUe;jhH. ntspg;ghHitf; Fg; igj; j pakhfTk; > mfk; epiwa Qhdg; nghf; f p\khfTk; tpsq; f pa nry; y g; g h Rthkpfspd; Qhdg; ghHitiaj; juprdk; ngWk; gf;FtKk; ghf;fpaKk; NahfH RthkpfSf;Nf fpl;baJ. nghJthfg; ghHg;gtHfl;F ntWg;G+l;lty;y> gaq;fuj; Njhw;wKila nry;yg;gupd; ghHitAk;> thf; F k; NahfUf; F Qhdg; ghHitahfTk; > Qhd cgNjrkhfTk; mikAk; tz;zk;> mtH gf;Ftg;gl;l rp\;adhf md;W tpsq;Fk; ghf;fpak; ngw;wpUe;jhH. FUthdtH ,q;F ead jPl;i\Ald; tyJ ifahy; NahfH jiyapy; mbj;J> guprjPl;irAk;> thrf jPl;i\Ak; toq;fp NahfH Rthkpiag; gutrj; j py; Mo; j ; J fpwhH. jd; ew; r pe; j idg; ghly; gutyhfj; jdJ FUtpd; mUs;toq;fpa epiyiag; ghbg;ghbg; gutrg;gLk; fhl;rpia ehk; fhzf;$bajhf cs;sJ. Njubapy; Njrpfidj; fz;L juprpj;j jdJ Kjy; mDgtj;ij jdJ ghly;fshy; gytplq;fspy; $wp epidTgLj;jpr; nry;tij mtuJ ew;rpe;jidg; ghly;fshy; fhzyhk;.

'Md;kpf newpapy; nry;NthUf;F> “gf;Ftnewp te;jTld;> ,iwtNd FUtbtha; vOe;jUSthd;” vd rptQhdrpj; j pahUk; “kyk; KjpHtpj; J mUk;ghLk; miljYNk> Mrhdhfpj; Njhd;wp” vd;W $Wfpd;wJ. Kd;nra; jtg;gadpd; njhlHr;rpahy; FUtUs; ngw;w NahfH; Rthkp> nfhOk;Gj;Jiwf; nfhl;bypy; mkHe;jpUe;J> jd;id ehbte;j mbatHfl;F mUs;top fhl;bdhH. mtH tho;e;j fhyfl;lj;jpy; <oj;Jr; rpj;juhf> gf; j uhf> Kj; j uhf> mUshsuhf Mde; j k; nfhLg;gtuhf> gy;tifg; gupkhzq;fspy; mtH jdJ mbatHfl; F j; jhprdk; nfhLj; j hH. “Rthkpfspd; mUl;ghHit> MrPHthjk; fpilj;jhNy NghJk;” vd mf;fhyj;jpy; gyH mtiuj; Njb Xb jtk; ,Ue;jdH. Rthkpfspd; mUs; cgNjrq; f s; rpy thHj;ijahf ,Uf;Fk;. Mdhy; mjd; cl;nghUs; kpf Mokhdjhf tphpthdjhf ,Uf;Fk;. Ik;Gyd;fisAk; ntd;w NahfH Rthkpf;F Kf;fhyj;ijAk; czUk; jj;JtKk;> gpwe;J kdj;ij JUtpawpaTk; mUSk; gf;FtKk; tha;j;jpUe;jJ. Rthkp jhd; ,iwapd;gj;ij mDgtpj;jJ kl;Lky;yhky; me;j ,iwaDgtj;ij jd;id ehbte;j mbatHfl;Fk; toq;fp> mtHfsJ Md;kh gf;Ftg;gl xsp fhl;bdhH. RUq;ff; $wpd;> mtH tho;e;j fhyj;jpy; irtkf;fspd; cs;sq;fspy; ,lk;ngw;W> Md;kPf FUthfNt nraw;gl;lhH vd;W $wyhk;. mtH Kj;jpaile;J Ik;gJ tUlkhfptpl;lJ. Mdhy; md;W kl;Lky;y> ,d;W $l> jd;id ek;gpatHfl;F mtH FUthf> Md;kPf topfhl;Lgtuhf> tho;tpw;F xspA+l;Lk; Qhdpahf mff;fhl;rp nfhLj;Jf; nfhz;Nl ,Uf;fpd;whH vdf; $wyhk;. jd;id kl;Lky;y> jd; FUitAk; cyfpw;F ntspr;rk; Nghl;Lf; fhl;batH NahfH RthkpfNs. jdf;Fg; gpd; xU Md;kPf rp\;a guk;giuia cUthf; f p tpl; L j; j hd; mtH nrd; W s; s hH. cs; e hl; b y; kl; L ky; y ntspehl; b Yk; rp\; a guk;giuia cUthf;fpAs;shH. mbatHfspd; ew; r pe; j idfisj; J}z; L k; tifapy; “ew; r pe; j idg; ghly; ”fis mUspr; nra;Js;shH. rptrpe;jid njhlu> 'rpt njhz;ld;” Vl; i lAk; “rptnjhz; l d; ” epiyaj; i jAk; Vw; g Lj; j pAs; s hH. Vl; i lAk; epiyaj; i jAk; guhkhpj;J> Md;kPf topfhl;liyj; njhlu jdf;Fg; gpd; nry;yj;Jiu RthkpfisAk; jahHgLj;jp tpl; L r; nrd; W s; s hH. FUtpd; topfhl; l iyj; njhlHe;J miuE}w;whz;Lf;F Nkyhf> nry;yj;Jiu Rthkpfs; Md;kPfg; gzpahw;wpdH. ,d;Wk; rptnjhz;lH gzp njhlu> NahfH Rthkpia mLj;j re;jjpAk; Vw;wpg; Nghw;wp> Md;kf P topiag; gpd;gw;w> FUmUs; kfpikNa fhuzkhf mikfpd;wJ vdyhk;.

'maywpahj Mde;jk; ngw;Nwd; kaywpahj nksdj;jpYw;Nwd; nraywpahj rptj;jpidf; fw;Nwd;"

vd;W ghLfpd;whH. “ahulh eP” vd;W Kjypy; mjl;bf; $wpatH gpd; “Njulh cs;” vd;W rphpj;J epd;whH. 'cs;sj;ij czHe;J nfhs;" vdr; Rl;bf; fhl;batH mLj;J “jPulh gw;W” vd;W $wp> cyfpaiyj; Jwe;J> cd;ikiaf; fhz xsp fhl;LfpwhH. 'FUthd ey;Y}hpw; nry;td; -cs;sk; Fspu itj;jhd;" vd;Wk; 'mse; N jd; mUshy; Md; k hit mwpe; N jd; "

vdTk; ghbatH gpd;dH> 'jd; n dhg; ghupy; y hj; jiytd; jpUtUshy; vd;ndhg;ghupd;wp ,Ue;Njd;"

vdTk; ghLfpd;whH. ïªJ xË

70

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

FUtop epd;W mUs;nkhop gfh;e;j rptNahf Rthkpfs;

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

jpUkjp. jdghyrpq;fk; 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

md;gUf;F md;gdhk; vq;fs; FUehjd;.

tQ; r k; nghwhik eP f ; f pg; gQ; r hl; r uj; J l; nghUshd mkyid neQ;rw;jkHj;jp epide;jpLk; top tiffis mwpTiuahfTk; nrayhw;wpAk; fhz;gpj;Jg; gy mbatiuj; jk; ghy; <Hj;njLj;Jf; fspw;wtUk; fspg;gpj;jtUk; ,tNu. md;Ng tbthfp xUik kdk; gilj;J ,k;ik kWik ,Uikf;Fk; nrk;ky; ,iwtd;. mtd; jpUtb me;jp re;jp tOthJ Nghw;wpLtPH> ghtg; gpzp ePf;fpLtPH vdg; gfHe;jUspdhH. jk; md;gHf;Fj; jk; mEgtk; jUk; NgW tu Ntz;Lk; vDk; tifnfhz;L mtH je;J nrd;w tpiy kjpg;gw;w nghf;fp~k; 'ew;rpe;jid" vDk; E}yhf;fkhFk;. Kf;fhyKk; jhk; mwpe;J mDgtpj;j cz;ikfs; ahTk; nrhy;yhf;fkhfTk; nghUshf;fkhfTk; vLj;Jf; $Wk; nghd;nkhopfspd; njhFg;GiufNs ,e;E}yhFk;. nka;QQ ; hdk; ePqf ; p mQ;Qhdk; jiy tphpj;jhLk; ,t;Tyfpy; vs;Sf;Fs; vz;nza;ahf vq;Fk; epiwe;J Ie;njOj;Njhjp Md;kPf top fhl;bahf tpsq;fpatH Rthkpfs;. kjpAk;> kq;ifAk; rpuNkw; nfhz;L jhq;fpLk; kq;fifkzhdd; kdjpUg;gpd; tho;fi ; f vDk; khia tiy mfYk;. kW n[d;kk; vkf;fpy;iy vdj; jpUehkk; rhw;wp kf;fs; kdjpy; kfj;jhf mkHe;jhH. ,iwtid KOkdJld; epidg;ghahf. epd;Wk; ,Ue;Jk; fple;Jk; rptd;whs; epid. cd; clk;G jir FUjp vd;G ahitANk mtd; epidthfNt ,Uf; f l; L k; . ,tw; i w ,yf;fhff; nfhz;l vtd; vJ epidf;fpwhNdh mtd; mJthfpwhd;. mjid cd; cs;sj;Js; itg;ghahf. ,e;epiy te;jpbd; eP mtidf; fpl; L tha; . vJ elg; g pDk; vkf; n fd; n dd; w pU. vy;yhk; mtd; nraNy. mtDf;Nf vd mtd; rhHgpy; tpLthahf. eP nksdkhapUe;jhahapd; ,Wjpapy; eP n[apg;gha;. Rthkpfs; je;J nrd;w ,it Nghd;w nghd;nkhopfs; mee;jk;. Rthkpfspd; mUSf;Fk; Mrpf;Fk; ghj;jpukhdtH gyH. mtUk; rpwhuhf ,Ue;jtH. jhKk; jhk; ngw;w MrpAk; thf;Fk; gad;jug; gz;GaHe;J nrayhw;Wk; NgW ngw; W s; s hH. mbatH kP J fUiz nfhz; L ,iwaUs; ghypf; f mt; t g; N ghJ mtHfs; thoplnkyhk; jk; Qhdxsp gug;gpg; gukd; gjk; <Hj;njLj;J <Nlw top tFj;jhH.

Mjp me;jk; mud; vd;whd; vq;fs; FUehjd;. ,ug;gtUf;F <f vd;whd; vq;fs; FUehjd;. <ifNa rpwe;jnjd;whd; vq;fs; FUehjd;. cyfnkyhk; Nghw;w epd;whd; vq;fs; FUehjd;.

CLUtp cskwpe;jhd; vq;fs; FUehjd;. vy;iyapy;yh thf;fspj;jhd; vq;fs; FUehjd;.

Vfhe;jkhfp epd;whd; vq;fs; FUehjd;.

Ik;Gyidr; Rl;lWj;jhd; vq;fs; FUehjd;. mJNt cfe;jnjd;whd; vq;fs; FUehjd;.

Xg;Gutpy;yhjhd; vq;fs; FUehjd;.

Xk; rutzgtha vd;whd; vq;fs; FUehjd;. xsit top nry;nyd;whd; vq;fs; FUehjd;. m/Nj cWjp vd;whd; vq;fs; FUehjd;. ahd; vDk; mfe;ijiaf; nfhd;W vdnjDk; kkijia ntd;W Ik;Gyd;fisr; Rl; l Wj; J g; gpuk; k r; r hhpaj; i j Nkw; n fhz; L jtf;Nfhyk; g+z;L xg;gw;w jPg xspr;Rluha; Qhd xspj;jPgkhf ,iykiwfhnadj; jk;Qhd xspia cs;slf;fp epd;whH rptNahf Rthkpfs;. <oj;jha; <d;nwLj;j jidadha; aho;. kz;zpd; khitg; gFjpapy; mk;gythzH rpd;dhr;rpg; gps;isapd; jtg;Gjy;tdha; mtjhpj;jhH ,tH. ahd; vdJ ePf;fp ed;W jPJ ,uz;bDf;Fk; fLtha;j; Njd; vd kf;fs; ,jaj;jpw; fye;J rptehkk; nrg;Gk; tif je;J mtH jk; fUj;jpy; epd;w jpwd; vtuhYk; ,ak;Gjw; fhpajd;W. 'ahd; vy;Nyhhplj;jpYk; tho;gtd;> vy;NyhHf;Fk; Nfs; t d; vdf; n fhz; L gy; y pd kf; f l; F k; g+[pf;Fk; nja;tnkd tpsq;fpdhH. ,iwtidf; fUj;jpypUj;J> mtDf;F Mtd nra;> xd;Nw nja;tk; xd;Nw cyfk; ed;Nw ehbg; GhpFthahf. ,e;jj; Njd; nkhopiaj; NjdKjkha;g; gUfpa gf;jHfSk; rpj;jHfSk; Vd; nghpahHfSq; $l ,Uf;fNt nra;fpwhHfs;. eP rlg; nghUsy;y. eP XU Md;kh. gpwg;G> ,wg;G> ,sik> nry;tk; ,itahTNk epiyaw; w it. ,tw; w py; rpf; f p coyhNj. ghtg; gpzpjPug; gzp Ghpe;J nrayhw;W vdf; fz;fis ,ik fhg;gJ Nghy gf;jHfisj; jk; cs;sj;jpy; cUtfg;gLj;jpj; Jd;gk; vDk; ,Us; njhluhtif fhl;b ,d;gNk xspahfpLk; top tif njhptpj;jhH. ïªJ xË

71

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

md;gpdhw; frpe;JUfp mbgzpAk; nka;abahHf; fpd;g epiy je;J ey; nyopy; Ghpe;j ve;jha; vs;Sf;Fs; vz;nza; Nghy; vq;nfq;Fk; epiwe;j vk;ngUkhd; kfpik jdpik ,ak;Gk; th nwq;qhdH ey;iyf; fe;jdpd; Njubapy; epd;wha; fjpiu kiy Ntytdpd; fhybapy; epd;wha; vq;nfq;F nrd;whYk; Mq;fhq;Nf eP epd;wha; mrhPhpahfNt Njhd;wpLk; tb thdha; mfe;ijiaf; nfhd;W kkijia NtuWj;jha; mkyid epidtpUj;jp Md;kPf tb thdha;

irtk; jiof; f Tk; rka newp tpsq; f Tk; njhz;lhw;wpg; gy GJikfs; nra;j rpjj ; H xUtH <oj;jpy; ,Ue;jhnudpd; mtH RthkpfNs. ek; tho;f;if xU khia. ,t;tiyapw; 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ rpf;fptpbd; ghpjpapd; xsp $l ,Ushfyhk; . ,t;tpUs; #oh tifapw; Rthkpfspd; g+HtPfg; gad; ey;ynjhU FUguidf; fhl;bw;W. nry;yg;gh Rthkpfs; FUgudhdhH. RthkpfSk; khia vDk; gpzpapw; rpf;fhJ tho;f;ifiaj; jtpHj;J Md;kPf tho;tpy; ,wq;fpdhH. mUnshsp NjbdhH. mq;Fk; ,q;Fkhf miye;jhH. ey;iyf; fe;jd; Njub> fjpiukiyf; fe;jd; fhyb vd;gd Gfyplkhapw;W. ehbdhH ,iwaUis. Md;kh mopTw;wJ> g+uzkhdJ. ahf;ifNah kz;NzhL kz;zhfpj; jPNahL rhk;guhfpf; fUfpLk; jd;ikAilaJ> rHg;gk; jd; rl;iliag; NghFkpl nkq; F k; Mq; f hq; N f fow; w p tpLfpwJ. eP h pw; FkpopNah Njhd;wpj;Njhd;wp kiwfpwJ. ,/njhg;gNt ,e; j Md; k hTk; rHg; g Kk; eP U k; N ghyhfpwJ. ,e; e piykhwp xU epiyg; g hL fhzNtz; b d; epkydpd; mUs;Qhdk; fhz tpiokpd;> tpiukpd; vd; g Nj Rthkpfs; jk; gf; j Hf; F tpLf; F k; Fwpf; N fhshapw; W . ,e; j cz; i k nfhz; L mbahHfis Cf; F tpj; j hH> czuitj; j hH. mtHjk; Cf;fKk; ciog;Gk; caHT fz;lJ. kf;fspd; tho;f;if jpir jpUk;gpw;W. Rthkpfsplk; xd;wwf; fye;jdH> ca;Ak; top fz;ldH. Nahfp vDk; ehj xyp gutyhapw;W.

“Ntytdpd; Gfo; ghb kpF irtj; Jw t+dw ; pj; ghtyUk; ehtyUk; gzpeJ ; epdW ; Jjp ghl Qhy nkyhk; Nghw;w epdw ; ehjdhk; NahfH gpuhd; fhy nkyhk; gf;jH gzp jkf; nfdNt chpjj ; hf;fpr; rPyKld; nra;gzpfs; nrt;tNd nra;j jpwd; VyNt tUk; jpdkhk; Mapypaj; jpUehspw; rhyNt gf;jH Fohk; rhHe;J epdW ; Gfo; ghLk; Nfhykhk; ,t; itgj; jpU ehspd; jpwdJ jhd; nfhNyh”

FUgud; Gfo; ehkk; vd; W k; epytl; L k; ! gutl;Lk;! Xk; rhe;jp rhe;jp rhe;jp!

,d;gtpiwNa xU gpjh jdJ Foe;ijapdJ koiy nkhopiaf; Nfl;L kfpo;thdd;wpr; rpwpJk; ,fokhl;lhd;. mt;tz;zNk NjthPh; mbNaDila tpz;zg;gj;ijf; Nfl;lUs;tPuhf. ,t;Tyfj;jpNy vj;jidNah rhjpfSz;L. mitfspd; gof;ftof;fq;fs; xd;Nwhnlhd;nwht;thJ Kuz;gLfpd;wd. xt;nthU rhjpAe; jj;jk; gof;ftof;fq;fNs Nkk;ghLilj;jnjdf; $f;FuypLfpd;wJ. rkaq; f Skg; g bNa. ,itfs; ahTk; cyfj; j pd; rpwg; G fNsad; w p Ntwy; y .,e; j tpj; j pahrkhd Nghuhl;lq;fnsy;yhk; Kd;D Ks;sd.E}jdkhd fhhpaq;fsy;y. ,itjhk; ,e;jg; gpufpUjpapd; Njhw;wq;fs;. ,it NtW> jhd; NtW vd;wwpe;j mwpthsp ,itfSld; $bAq; $lhJ kpUg;gd;. vj;jidNah Kiwfspy; nghpa nghpa mtjhuq;fs; te;J vt;tsNth Ntiyfisr; nra;Jk; kPl;Lk; ,e;j cyfk; mg;gbNa ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,J xU nghpa ,ufrpak;. NjthPh; ,itfs; vy;yhk; ed;fwptPh;. ehndhd;W kwpNad;. vd;id kd;dpj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;.

- Nahfh; Rthkpfs;

ïªJ xË

72

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

ey;top fhl;ba rptNahfh; Rthkpfs; f. Nrhkh];fe;j %h;j;jp

50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

19

Mk; E}w; w hz; b d; Muk; g j; j pypUe; N j> ,e; j pahtpYk; ,yq; i fapYk; rkaj; J iwapy; kWkyHr;rp Vw;glj; njhlq;fpaJ. ,f;fhyj;jpy; ,e; j pahtpy; Nfrg; re; j pu nrd; > jahde; j H> ,uhkfpU\;z guk`k;rH Nghd;w nghpNahHfs; Njhd;wpdH. ,tHfs; rka rk;ge;jkhd ,af;fq;fis Vw;gLj;jpdH. Nfrg; re;jpu nrd; ‘gpuNkh rkh[k;’ vd; D k; ,af; f j; i j Muk; g pj; j hu; . ,tHfs; Mya topghl; i lAk; tpf; f puf topghl; i lAk; iff;nfhs;stpy;iy. jahde;jH ‘Mhpa rkhI’ vd; D k; ,af; f j; i j Muk; g pj; J Ntjq; f spd; mbg;gilapy; jkJ nfhs;iffis tpsf;fpdhH. ,uhkfpU\; z guk`k; r H ,e; j pa ghuk; g upa Kiwfisg; gpd;gw;wpr; rpwg;ghf Mya topghl;ilg; gpd; g w; w p> ngUtho; T ngw; w hu; . guk`k; r Uk; > mtUila rPlu; tpNtfhde;jUNk ,e;J rkaj;Jf;Fg; Gj;Japu; nfhLj;jtu;fs;. ,f;fhyj;jpy;jhd; ,yq;ifapy; %d;W rpj;j GU\HfSk; > irtrkaj; i jg; GdUj; j huzk; nra;j rka FutnuhUtUk; Njhd;wpdH. Midf; Fl;br;Rthkp> gukFU Rthkp> filapw; Rthkp %tUNk me;j rpj;j GU\HfshtH. rkaFutH =Py= MWKf ehtyuhthH. ,tHfspy; Midf;Fl;br; Rthkp ngUk;ghYk; nfhOk;G tP jpfspy; rQ; r huk; nra; J te;jhH. gukFU Rthkpfs; aho;gg ; hzj;jpYk;> ,uhkehjGuk; flw;ghiw vd;Dk; ,lj;jpYk;> khj;jdhapYk; rQ;rhuk; nra;jjhf mwpaf;fplf;fpwJ. %d;whtJ rpj;j GU\uhd filapw; Rthkpfs;> aho;g;ghzr; rka tuyhw;wpy; xU jdp ,lk; ngw; W s; s hH. NahfH RthkpfSk; filapw; Rthkp guk; g iuapdNu. NahfH Rthkpfspd; FUthd nry;yg;ghr; Rthkp> filapw; Rthkpfspd; rPluhtH.

kfDf;Ff; fy;tp fw;gpw;Fk; nghWg;ig> jdJ jk;gpahH rpd;idahtplk; xg;gilj;jhu; mtuJ jfg;gdhu;. rpd;idah nfhOk;Gj;Jiwapy; xU fj;Njhypf;fuhf> NahNrg;G vd;Dk; ngaUld; mq;F tho;e;J te;jhu;. NahNrg;G jkJ ngwhkfid Kjypy; nfhOk;Gj;Jiw jkpo;g; ghlrhiyapy; %d;whk; tFg;G rpj;jpnaa;jpaJk;> Rthkpfis rk;gj;jphprpahH fy;Y}hpapy; Mq;fpyk; gbf;fr; NrHe; j hH. mq; F NrHe; j nghOJ mtiuf; fj;Njhypf;f kjj;jpy; Nrh;j;J ‘Nahd;’ vd;Dk; ngaiuAk; nfhLj;jdH. mf;fhyj;jpy; Rthkpfspd; jfg;gdhupd; rNfhjup ‘Kj; J g; g ps; i s’ vd; g tH nfhOk; G j; J iwf; F mUfpYs;s ‘ghz;bad; jho;T’ vd;Dk; Fwpr;rpapy; tho;eJ ; te;jhH. mtu; irtg;gw;W kpf;ftH. jk;kplk; kUkfd; tUk; nghOJ> irt E}y;fisAk;> ,jpfhrq;fisAk;> gbf;f trjp nra;J nfhLj;jhH. Rthkpfisf; fj;Njhypf;f #oypUe;J fhg;ghw;wp> mtUila irtg; g w; W f; F tpj; j pl; l ngUik Kj;Jg;gps;isiaNa rhUk;.

cj;jpNahf tho;f;ifAk; rkarhjidAk; Rthkpfs; rk;gj;jpuprpahH fy;Y}hpapy; jkJ gbg;ig vl;lhtJ tFg;NghL Kbj;Jf; nfhz;lhH. gpd;dH fpspnehr;rpapy; ePug ; g ; hrdg; gFjpapy; nghUs; fhg;ghsuhf tpUe;jhH. flikiaf; fz;zhff; fUJk; Rthkpfs; vy;NyhUila ed;kjpg;igAk; ngw;whu;. fpspnehr;rpapy; Ntiy ghu;fF ; k; nghOJ Rthkpfs; ntFNeuk; jpahdj;jpy; <Lgl;L ,Ug;gJ tof; f k; vd; W mwpa KbfpwJ. “kw; w tHfs; JapYk;NghJ Qhdp tpopj;jpUg;ghd;” vd;W fPij $WtJ ,q;F Qhgfj;Jf;F tUk;.

Rthkpfs; ,e;jf;fhyj;jpy; E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd Njhj;jpug; ghly;fis kddQ; nra;J nfhz;lhH. ,g;gb Vuhskhd Njthuk;> jpUthrfk;> jpUke;jpuk;> mUzfphpehjH ghly;fs;> jhAkhdtH ghly;fs;> gl;bdj;jhH ghly;fs; Kjypatw;iw kdg;ghlQ; nra;jhu;. jhAkhdtH ghly;fspYk; RthkpfSf;F <LghL mjpfk;. mtw;iwj; jkJ ew;rpe;jidfspYk;> jpUKfq;fspYk; vLj;jhz;Ls;shH. Rthkpfspd; ew;rpe;jid trdg;gFjpapy; fhzg;gLk; gpd;tUk; thpfs; ‘rptnjhz;ld;’ epiyaj;jpd; ,yl;rpaq;fis tpsf;Ffpd;wd.

Nahfh; Rthkpfspd; Njhw;wKk; ,sikg; gUtKk; Nahf Rthkpfs; khtpl;lGuj;jpy; mk;gythzH vd;Dk; irtg; nghpNahUf;Fk;> mKjk; mk;ikahUf;Fk; 1872 Mk; Mz;L Nk khjk; 29 Mk; jpfjp gpwe;jhH. mtUf;Fr; rjhrptd; vd;Dk; ehkj;ij #l;bdhHfs;. Rthkpfspd; jhahUf;F rpd;dhr;rpak;ikahnud;w xU ngaUk; ,Ue;jjhfj; njupfpwJ. RthkpfSf;F Ie;J tajhdJk; jkJ ïªJ xË

73

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

cgNjrk; ngw;wgpd; Rthkpfs; gy tUlfhyk; jkJ FUehjdpd; jpUtb gphpah jpUe; j dH. FU ehjH jkJ rP l idg; gy NrhjidfSf; F l; g Lj; j pdH. ,UtUk; NrHe; J rikj;j gpd; rhg;gpl Kd; rikj;jtw;iwnay;yhk; FUehjH cilj;njwpe;jpLthH. Fspg;gjw;nfd;W fPupkiyf;Fr; nrd;W Fspf;fhky; jpUk;Gthu;fs;.

Rthkpfs; Nrhjidfshy; rypg;gilatpy;iy> vg; n ghOJk; FUehjiuj; jhapDk; ey; y jiytnudf; nfhz;lhH. FUtpd; rpwg;Gf;fisr; Rthkpfisg; Nghyg; ghbatHfs; kpff;FiwT. Rthkpfs; FUtpd; cgNjrj;ij mtjhdkha;f; Nfl;L te;jhH. nry;yg;ghr;Rthkpfs; rhjhuzkha; tprud; Nghy; NgRthH. mg;Ngr;Rf;fSf;fpilapy; khzpf;fq;fs; tUnkd;Wk;> mtw;iwf; fhj;Jf; nfhz;L kzpf;fzf;fha;j; jhk; ,Ue;jjhfTk; $WthH. rka tp\aq; f isr; nry; y g; g h Rthkpfsplky;yNth Nfl;f Ntz;Lnkd;ghH.

“nrhy;nyy;yhk; Nkhdk;njhopyhjpAk; Nkhdk; vy;yhk; jd; Nkhd epiwNt”

FUehjUld; re;jpg;G 1897 Mk; Mz; L Rthkpfs; tho; f ; i fapy; 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;ej ; jhff; fhzg;gLfpwJ. mt;thz;L Rthkpfs; jkJ cj;jpNahfj;ij Jwe;Jtpl;L aho;gg ; hzj;Jf;Fj; jpUk;gptpl;ljhfj; njhpatUfpwJ. Rthkp ,f; f hyj; j py; j hd; jkJ FUehjuhd nry;yg;gh Rthkpfis Kjd; Kjypy; juprpj;jhH; Nahf Rthkpfs; jkJ FUehjdpd; mfj;ijAk;> Gwj;ijAk; ew;rpe;jidapy; tHzpj;Js;shH. FUtpd; Njhw;wj;ijAk;> Fzhjpraq;fisAk; gpd;tUkhW glk; gpbj;Jf; fhl;LfpwhH. ‘Gfo;r;rpAk; ,fo;r;rpAk; xd;whff; nfhs;gtd; rpq;fhukhd eilnahL rpupg;gpidAilahd; Muwpthnud;W mbf;fb nrhy;Ythd; Njubg; gbapy; rpq;fhu kha;fplg;ghd; Nguwp thsnddg; gpwnutU NkhtwpahH. gpj;jndd; WyNfH NgRtH VWtH.’

jpUtb topghL

jpUQhdrk; g e; j u; > jpUehTf; f urH> Re; j uu; > khzpf; f thrfu; Kjypa ehy; t Uk; ,iwtd; jpUtbNa jQ; r k; vd; W ek; g papUe; j tHfs; . ,ijj; jkJ ghly; f spy; gy ,lq; f spy; typAWj;jpapUf;fpwhHfs; khzpf;fthrf Rthkpfs; ,iwtdplk; jpUtb jPli ; r ngw;Wj; jpUtbtzf;fQ; nra;jhH.

(ew;rpe;jid – gf;- 132)

rptngUkhNd FUthf te;J gf;FtKila Mj;khf;fSf;F mUs; nra;thnud;gJ irt rkaf; nfhs;if. ,e;jf; fUj;ij Rthkpfs; ew;rpe;jidg; ghly;fspy; tpsf;fp cs;shH.

'ekr;rptha tho;f ehjd; jhs; tho;f ,ikg; nghOJk; vd; neQ;rpy; ePq;fhjd; jhs; tho;f."

khyaDe; Njb awpah kyubfs; - Nfhy mUl;FUtha;f; Ftyaj;jpNy Nghw;W rhyg; ngUk;gifiaj; jhdPf;fp ahz;lhid Qhyk; GfOk; ey;iyj; Njubapw; - fz;Nld;!

rptNahf Rthkpfs; jk; FUehjH nry;yg;gh Rthkpfsplk; jpUtb jPl;ir ngw;wgpd;> mtUila jpUtbfisNa vQ;Qhd;Wk; jpahdpj;J te;jhH. jkJ Mr; r pukj; j pNy jpUtbia mikj; J topghl;il ,aw;wp te;jhHfs;.

(ew;rpe;jid- gf; - 68)

ey;Y}u; Njubapy; FUehjH jk;ik Ml;nfhz;l KiwiaAk;> mjdhy; Vw;gl;l ghpG+uz epiyiaAk;> gpd;tUk; ghl;by; gbg;NghH gutrkilaf; $ba Kiwapy; fhl;bAs;shH.

Midf;Fl;br; Rthkp

,f; f hyj; j py; RthkpfSk; > ,d; D nkhU rPluhd fjpuNtY vd;gtUk; nry;yg;gh Rthkp Nkw;ghHitapy; ey;Y}h; NjHKl;bapy; ehw;gJ ehl;fs; tiuapy; fLe;jtk; Gupe;jdH. ,g;gbj; jtk; nra;J tUk; fhyj;jpy; xUehs; nry;yg;ghr; Rthkpfspd; fl;lisapd; Nghpy; fpof;F Nehf;fpg; Gwg;gl;lhu;fs;. G+uz JwTG+z;L fhy; eilahff; fjpHfhk ahj;jpiu nrd;whHfs;. kl;lf;fsg;Gf;Fr; rkPgkhfr; nrd;w NghJ Midf;Fl;b Rthkpfisr; re;jpj;J ,UtUk; fl;bj;jOtpf; nfhz;ldH vd mwpa KbfpwJ. Nahfh; Rthkpfs; mtUf;F Ie;J rj ehzaj;ijf; nfhLj;J MrPu;tjpj;jjhf mwpa KbfpwJ. ,e;j ahj;jpiu 1910 Mk; Mz;L tiu eilngw;wJ vd;gH.

,UtUe; Njbf;fhzh ,iwtd; vd;Nghy; - cUjhq;fp ,zq;fp vtUk; tzq;Fk; ey;iyapy; ,d;dhd; ,tndd;d - xUtu; kwpah NjbAyhtp ctif G+j;j Kfj;jpiuaha; xUehs; vd;wid cw;W Nehf;fp XH nghy;yhg;G kpy;iynad;W mUtKq;fhl;b cUtKq; fhl;b me;j khjpapy;yhr; nrh&gKq;fhl;br; Rk;khtpUf;Fk; #grj;jpy; khl;btpl;lhd; Jd;gk; ,we;jd ,d;gk; ,we;jd.

Nrhjp Nrhjp rptNrhjp (ew;rpe;jid - gf; 138)

ïªJ xË

74

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

jk; k plk; te; j tHfspd; gpur; r idfisj; jkJ jpU\; b ahy; czh; e ; J mtHfs; mjprapf;Fk;gb gjpy; nrhy;yp tpLthHfs;. mf;fhyj;jpy; Ngr;nrd;gJ kpf mhpjhfNt ,Ue;jJ. 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ rptGuhzj;ij ,yq;if KOtJk; gutr; n ra; J irt rkaj;Jf;Fg; GjpanjhU kWkyHr;rpiaf; nfhLj;jhH. rptGuhz ghuhazk; Rthkpfshy; tsHj; J tug; g l; l kpfg; n gUQ; irt rka rhjidahFk;. fw;NwhUk; fy;yhNjhUk;> ,isQUk; KjpNahUk;> gf;jpg; gutrj;Jld; fye;J ngUk; gad; ngw;wdH.

FUehjh; kfhrkhjp FUehjH kfh rkhjpaile;jJ gw;wp NahfH Rthkpfs; $wpajhtJ: gfy; KOtJk; CH vq;Fk; Rw;wpf; nfhz;L te;J ey;Y}H Njubf; nfhl;lifapy; gLj;jpUe;jhH> mg;nghOJ xUtH nry; y g; g hr; R thkpfisg; ghHf; f r; nrd; w hH. nrd;wtiu “ntspNa Ngha;th” vd;whH. te;jtH nfhQ;rJ}uk; nrd;wJk; “Nlhk;” vd;W rj;jk; Nfl;lJ. NghdtH jpUk; g p te; J ghHj; j Jk; nry; y g; g h Rthkpfspd; gpuhzd; jhkhfNt clk;ig tpl;Lg; gpupe;jpUe;jJ. nry;yg;gh Rthkpfspd; tpUg;gg;gb mtH clk;G jfdQ; nra;ag;gl;lJ.

gz;bjh; kapy;thfddhh;/ tpNtfhde;j rig njhlh;G 1917 ,y; gz;bjh; kapy;thfddhNuhL (Rthkp tpGyhde; j H) njhlHG Vw; g l; l J. gz; b jH kapy; t hfddhH rk; g j; j puprpahH fy; Y }hpapy; tpQ;Qhd Mrphpauha; ,Ue;jhH;. ,tH kl;lf;fsg;G Midg; g e; j papy; xU tP l ; b y; trpj; J te; j hu; . mtH ,Ue;j tPl;by; tpNtfhde;j rig xd;W epWtg;gl;lJ. nghpa gbg;ghspfs;> caHjuf; fy;tp gapYk; khztHfs;> nghJeyj;njhz;lHfs;> gyH mq;F tUthHfs;. mupjhfj; juprdk; mspf;Fk; Nahfh; RthkpfSk; mq; F fhl; r paspg; g hHfs; .

Nahfh; Rthkpfspd; mUs; Nehf;fj;jhy; mt;tPL Gj;njhspAk;> kWkyHr;rpAk; ngw;Wj; jpfo;e;jJ. RthkpfSk; nghJr; N ritapy; Kf; f pa gq; F tfpj;jhHfs;. ,e;J thypgH rq;fk;> tpNtfhde;j rig Kjypa jhgdq;fspd; Kf;fpa];jHfshf tpsq; f pa jpUthsHfs; vk; . v]; ,isajk; g p> gz;bjH kapy;thfddhH> jpU. jp. Kj;Jf;FkhU> it. rp. FkhuRthkp KjypNahH Rthkpfis 1917 Mk; Mz;lstpy; mwpe;jpUe;jdH vd;gJ ngwg;gLfpwJ.

rptnjhz;ld; gj;jpupif

Rthkpfspd; MrpAld; “rptnjhz;ld;” gj;jpupif f. fp. eluh[d; mtHfshy; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. mtH 1934 Mk; Mz;L “fkyhrpdp” mr;rfj;ij Muk;gpj;jhH. me;j epiyaj;Jf;F cjtpahapUf;Fk; nghUl;Nl rptnjhz;ld; Muk;gpj;jhH. 1935 Mk; Mz; L [dthp khjk; Kjy; ,jo; ntspte;jJ. Rthkpfs; fl;lisg;gb “ehk; ahH” vd;Dk; nghUs; gw;wpj; jiyaq;fk; jpU. eluh[dhy; vOjg;gl;lJ. Rthkpfs; Mizg;gb jpU. nr. kapy;thfdk; MrpupaH mtHfs; kfh thf;fpaq;fSf;F tpahf;fpahdk; vOjp te;jhHfs;. jkJ md;gHfis rptnjhz;lDf;Fr; re;jhjhuHfshf NrUk;gb Rthkpfs; nrhd;dhHfs;. rpt njhz;ld;> Njhw;wk;> ,yl;rpak; vd;git gw; w pr; Rthkpfs; 1939 Mk; Mz; L brk; g H khjj;jpy; vOjpa “rptnjhz;ld;” tho;j;jpypUe;J ehk; mwpayhk;.

“X nkDe;’ jhufk; xz;Kb Rke;J ehnkyhQ; rptdbahnud etpd; W Muwpthnud thrd; je;j rPhpa ke;jpuQ;rpe;ijapw; nrgpj;J rptnewp tOthr; rptnjhz;ld; vd;gtd; gy tUlj;Jg; gd;DkhH fopkjp vtU Ktg;g aho;g;ghzj;jpy; tz;iz khefH itj;jpaehjd; jd;dUshNy jhdtjupj;jhd;.” ‘rptnjhz;ld;’ nra;j ngUQ;Nrit Rthkpfspd; ew; r pe; j idfis ntsptur; nra; j jhFk; . rpy ew; r pe; j idfs; rptnjhz; l Df; n fd; N w vOjg;gl;ljhFk;. rptnjhz;lDf;nfd;Nw Kjd; Kjypy; vOjg;gl;l ew;rpe;jid gpd;tUkhW.

irt rka gupghydk; jpUKiwfis Kiwahf XjpAk;> XJtpj;Jk; mtw;Wf;F tFg;Gf;fis elhj;JtJk;> Guhzgldj;Jf;Fg; Gj;JapH nfhLj;Jk;> rpj;jhe;j rh]; j pu tFg; G f; f s; elhj; j pAk; Rthkpfs; irtrkaj;ij tsHe;J te;jhHfs;. cj;jpNahfj;jpypUe;j fhye;njhl;Nl Rthkp fSf;F jpUKiwfspw; gapw;rpAk; gw;WkpUe;jJ. Muk;gj;jpy; md;gHfs; Rthkpfisj; jhprpf;fg; NghFk; Ntisfspw; gy kzpNeuk; Njthu jpUthrfq;fisj; jkJ fk;guP khd Fuypy; ghLtJ tof;fkhftpUe;jJ. ,g;gbg; ghbtpl;Lj; jpahdj;jpy; mkHe;J tpLthHfs;. nrd; w tHfSk; > Rthkpfs; tpilnfhLf; F k; tiu mikjpahf ,Ug;gH. rpw;rpy Ntisfspw;

ïªJ xË

flTNs capu;f;Faph;

ekJ capUf; F apuha; ,Ug; g tH flTNs Mifahy; ehk; mtUila clik> mtUila mbik. ek;Kila mirnty;yhk; mtUila

75

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

mirNt. ehk; xUNghJk; mtiu kwe;jpUf;f KbahJ> ekf;F xU FiwAkpy;iy. ehk; vd; W k; cs; N shk; vq;FkpUf;fpNwhk;. vy;yhk; mwpNthk;> ,g;gbNa ehk; ,ilawhJ rpe;jpj;J> rpej ; pjJ ; Nkyhd jj;Jtj;ij milNthkhf!

NtYg;gps;isAk; FbePiur; Rthkpaplk; nfhLj;jhH. rpwpJNeuj;jpy; Rthkpfs; fLikahf the;jpnaLf;fj; njhlq;fpdhH. tapw;whYk; fLikahfg; Nghfj; njhlq;fpaJ. NtYg;gps;is ,ijf;fz;L mQ;rp moj;njhlq;fpdhd;. Rthkpfs; cg;Gr; NrhlhTk;> vYkpr;rk;goKk; nfhz;L tur;nrhy;yp mtw;iw fye;J Fbj;jhu;. rpy kzpj;jpahyq;fs; nry;y vy;yhk; Fzkhfptpl;ld. fhiy vOe;jTld; Jiurhkp ,dp ,yz;lDf;Fg; Nghfyhk;> mtUf;F itj;jpak; nra;jhfp tpl;lJ. mtH Nghdhy; jkpo;r; r%fj;Jf;Fk;> mtUf;Fk; ey;yJ vd;W $wpdhuhk;. Jiurhkp mtHfSk; ,uz;lDf;Fr; nrd;W> kfhuhzpahH ifahy; NrH gl;lk; ngw;whH. ,f; fpilj;jw;fhpa NgW Rthkpfspd; fUizahy; mtUf;Ff; fpilj;jJ.

,isQh;fSf;F Rthkpfspd; mUs; nkhopfs; rpy: gpukr;rhpa tpujj;jpd; ngUik ngupJ> fhiyapYk; khiyapYk; jpahdQ; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. cs;Sf;Fg; gif nfhs;sf; $lhJ> miyfpw kdij mlf;fj; Njthuk; gbg;gJ xUtop kdf; Fog;gkpy;yhkypUf;Fk; NghJ ve;jf; fUkKk; rpj;jpahFk;. cs;s nghOJ jhd jHkq;fisr; nra;Aq;fs;. cq;fSila Ntiyfisr; nrt;tNd nra;f> mNj Nahfk; kw;wtHfis Vkhw;wyhk;> jd;id Vkhw;w KbahJ> kdr;rhl;rpapd;gb ele;J nfhz;L Nghf vy;yhk; typa tUk;. ehd; ckf;F juf; $ba KJnrhk;> ve;j NeuKk; flTs; ck;KldpUf;fpwhH vd;Dk; cWjp nkhopNa.

Rthkpfspd; rkhjpg; NgW

“$z; i l tpl; L f; fpsp gwg; g J NghyNt> cliy tpl;L capH ePq;Ffpw nray;” vd;W mbf;fb $wpa Nahfh; Rthkp mtHfs;> jk; tho;tpd; KbT fhyk; mz;kpaijapl;L kUe;jsTk; ftiy nfhz;bUf;f khl;lhH. khwhfj; jk; tho;tpd; gzp Kbe;Jtpl;lJ vd;W vz;zp> mtH cs;sKk; mikjpAw;wpUf;Fk;. aho;g;ghzj;jpd; Nrhjpahf tpsq;fpa NahfH Rthkpfs;> 23 - 3 - 64> jpq;fl;fpoik ,uT 3 kzp 18 epkplq;fspy;> jkJ 92 MtJ tajpy; rptgjkile;jhH. ,r;nra;jp njuptpf;fg;;gl;lTld;> <oehl; b d; gy ghfq; f spypUe; J k; mbahHfs; Vuhskhf te;J NrHe;jdH. 25-3-64 Gjd;fpoik> Rthkpfspd; G+j clYf;F mgpNlfQ; nra;ag;gl;lJ. mtUila G+j cly; J}a ntz; JzpapdhYk;> G+khiyfspdhYk;> myq;fupf;fg;gl;l njhl;bypy; itj;Jj; jfdQ; nra;a vLj;Jr; nry;yg;gl;lJ. Mr;rpukj;jpypUe;J ghijapd; ,UkUq;Fk; kfu Njhuzq;fshy; myq;fhpf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. G+jTly; nrd;w khHf;fj;jpy; trpf;Fk; kf;fs; tPlL ; thapy;fs; NjhWk;> Fj;J tpsf;Ffs;> epiwFlk; itj;J> G+khhpnghope;J RthkpfSf;Fj; jq;fs; md;igAk; tzf;fj;ijAk; nrYj;jpdhHfs;. g+jTly; CHtyk; te;jnghOJ g[idf; Nfh\;bapdH gf;jpg;ghly;fs; xjpdhHfs;.

25 - 3 - 64 Kw;gfy; xd;gJ kzpastpy; kahdj; j py; G+jTly; jfdQ; nra; a g; g l; l J. ,q;qdk; vy;NyhUk; Rthkpfs; NrhjpAl; fye;j itgtj;ij jhprpj;jhHfs;. me;j ,lk; G+Nyhf ifyhakhfj; Njhw;wkspj;jJ. rptNahf RthkpfsJ Ik;gjhtJ FUG+iria rpwg;ghf elhj;Jk; ,e;ehspy;> Rthkpfs; miu E} w;whz;bw;F Nkw;gl;l fhykhf ekf;Ff; fhl;ba topiag; gpd;gw;wp ca;jpailNthkhf!

Rthkpfs; epfo;j;jpa mw;Gjq;fs; Rthkpfspila nray; f nsy; y hk; r%fj; njhz;lhfNt mike;jpUe;jJ. cjhuzj;Jf;F mtH nra;j mw;Gjj;jpnyhd;iw ,q;F $Wjy; nghUj;jkhdjhFk;. murpay; jiytHfSs;Ns Kjd; Kjy; neUq;fpa njhlHG Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhz;ltH NrH. Jiurhkp mtHfs;. mtH murhq;f rigj; jiytuhftpUe;j fhyj; j py; > mtUf; F ,uz; l htJ vypnrngj; kfhuhzpapd; Kb#l;L tpohTf;F miog;G te;jJ. mg;NghJ mtUf;Fr; RftPdk; Vw;gl;lJ.NghtJ Gj;jpapy;iy vd;W itj;jpaHfs; $wptpl;ldH. Nahfh; Rthkpfs; vg; g bNah NrH. Jiurhkp mtHfspd; RftPdk; gw;wpf; Nfs;tpg;gl;L tpl;lhHfs.; Rthkpfs; jdJ rPluhd NtYg;gps;isaplk; xU gl;Nlhiyiaf; nfhLj;J me;j kUe;Jr;ruf;Ffis thq;fp tUk;gb $wpdhHfs;. filf;fhud; mit kpFe;j er;Rj;jd;ik tha;e;jjhf ,Uf;fpd;wd vd;W $wp nfhLj;J mDg;gpAs;shd;. Rthkpfs; mtd; $wpatw; i w nghUl; g Lj; j Ntz; l hk; vd;W $wp> mtw;iw mtpj;J tUk;gb nrhd;dhH.

ïªJ xË

76

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

nry;yg;gu; tsu;j;j nry;yg;gps;is.

,U ftpijfs;

fiyQu;. gh. ghyr;re;jpud;>

fyhepjp =. gpurhe;jd;

(Xa;T epiy mjpgu;) “\z;Kfgtdk;” kapyzp> Rd;dhfk;.

50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

gy;ytp ey;iy Qhdg;g+kpapy; tpiwe;j rpj;ju; - mtu; nry;yg;gu; tsu;j;j Qhdg; gps;is

(ey;iy) mDgy;ytp njs;sj; njspthd nry;yg;gu; nrhy;iy Njubapy; njupe;J nfhz;l gf;ju;

(ey;iy) ruzk; khtpl;l Guj;jpy; ,Ue;J te;jhu; khiatpl; lfyhey;iy efu; te;jhu; ahulh eP vd;whu; ehba nry;yg;gu; ahUk;Nj uhjtw;iw Njubapy; njupe;jhu; (ey;iy) ghulh vy;yhk; vg;gNth Kbe;jnjd;whu; ahJk; KOTz;ik nahUnghy;yhg; Gkpy;iyapij njupe;jhu;f;F Qhyj;jpy; Nrhyp apy;iy Rk;kh ,U Rfk;Njb tUnk d;whu;.

(ey;iy)

1. kPfhkd; tho;f;if ,Lk; gpd;dq;fis tFf;fj; njupahjtu;fs; te;jku;fpd;wdu;> ifapy; goj;jl;Lf;fNshL. ,d;Dk; ,d;gk; ngUf;f epidg;gtu;fSk; Jauk; fopf;f epidg;gtu;fSk; cs;Nehf;fk; $l;l epidg;gtu;fSkha; epiwfpwJ> nfhl;by; kz;lgk;. tpilfspy; eq;$ukplj; Jbf;Fk; tpdhf;fsha;.. jj;jspf;Fk; glF> Xlk;> fg;gy;fs; neUq;Ffpd;wd me;jg; gha; rKj;jpuj;jpy;. nts;isj;jhb kPfhkd; te;jku;fpwhd; xU gps;isr; rpupg;NghL. mtd; ghu;itapy; gazk; njhlu;fpd;wd glF> Xlk;> fg;gy;fs;… jpirfhl;b xspNahL tpir$l;b. gpd;dq;fis tFf;fpwJ xU Gd;rpupg;G. mr;rpupg;gpy; topAk; kJuj;jpy; kpjf;fpd;wd> ngUf;fy;> $l;ly;> fopj;jw; gjpy;fSk;.

jd;id kwe;jhu; jd;dyk; nfl;lhu; jiyg;gl;lhu; Rk;kh ,Uf;f Rfg;gl;lhu; rptNahf uhdhu; rptka nkd;whu; rptkhfp ,d;Dk; rPtpf;fpwhu; ,q;F (ey;iy)

epiwtpy;> Kbtpypj; jpUg;jpapy; KbfpwJ me;j khiy.

2. rptNahfh!

Rthkpfspd; fbjk;

gpugQ;rj;jpd; Kiy vdg; nghypfpwJd; jpUtha;> vy;yh ,ufrpaq;fSk; Rue;jgb.

gifj;jYk; tpUk;GjYk; ,y;yhjtd; re;epahrpahapDQ; rhp.mtNd gukGUld; mjhtJ mtd; rPtd;Kj;jndd;W nghpNahh; nrhy;Yfpwhh;fs;. ,aw;ifNahL mstshtp thOjy;jhd; Nghpd;gk;. mJ xU khjphpay;y. cz;ik czh;r;rp.jdf;Fj; jhd; cz;ikahf tpUe;jhy; ahTk; tpsq;Fk;. jd;idg;Nghy; kw;wth;fisAk; Nerpj;jNy ‘jtk;’. mJNt mwk;.

vq;FQ; rptk;. ïªJ xË

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

vk;ik neUq;f tplhky; Juj;jpabf;fpd;wd cd; J}\izr; nrhw;fs;. gf;Ftk; czu;e;j Foe;ijfs; Vf;fKw;Wf; fhj;jpUf;fpd;wd. epd; nksdk; ghY}l;LfpwJ. 77

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

Nahfu; Rthkpfspd; kPs; tUif 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

rl;lj;juzp el. fhz;Bgd;

rpj;jhidf;Fl;br; Rthkp kj;Jf;nfhz;L

Neha;fz;L cod;wtid xU Nehf;Ftpl;lha; Nga; vd;W nrhd;dtid eP Ml;nfhz;Lepd;wha; fhl;LtopapilNa fy;tpf;$lk; jhd;fz;lha; Ml;Lgtd; ePnad;Nw mUfpUe;Nj ekf;Fiuj;jha;.

file;njLj;j filapw;Rthkp - fhj;Jf;fple;J fz;nlLj;j nry;yg;ghr;Rthkp - nrJf;fpnaLj;j nry;yg;gay;jhd; vq;fs; Nahfu;Rthkp.

Nrw;wpy; fhy;Gijj;J> ehw;wpl;L ey;ygad;fz;L Nrhw;wpy; ifGijf;Fk; nraY}f;fk; nfhz;lnjhU – kz;zhk; khtpl;lGuk; je;j khNahfp rjhrptj;jhd; khq;nfhg;gpy; jtkpUe;J khjtq;fs; ,aw;wpdpd;whd;.

ePjp jtwh epiwkhe;ju; Ml;rpapNy ,iynad;why; gQ;rk;> grp> gl;bdpahy; ghUyF mopAnkd;wha; “Nga; murhz;lhy; gpzk; jpd;Dk; rhj;jpuq;fs;” vd;Wiuj;jha; vq;Fw;wha;? ,d;dy; fise;J vik kPl;f vOe;jUsha;;!

Vu;gha;r;rp tay;epyj;jpy; Vw;wq;fz;l tk;rj;jpd; thupRtha; ePu;g;ghrdj;jpizf;fsj;jpy; gjtpnfhz;lhd; - ek; Ngu; fhj;j ey;iyak;gjpapy; fz;lhd; “nry;yg;gh” vDk; nrUf;fd; Cu;Nghw;w cz;ikapid ciuf;Fk; gzpajid.

gs;spf;$lj;jpy; gilapl;lhu; Nfhapy; cilj;Jf; nfhs;isapl;lhu; - ek; tay; tuk;ngy;yhk; tk;gse;jhu; #dpa tyak; vd;Nw #Siuj;jhu; Nghdtopnay;yhk; Nghjpkuk; el;Litj;jhu; khe;ijg; ngUepyj;jpy; khe;jiuAk; GijFopapypl;lhu; Nge;j tpopj;J ,d;W ngUk;gopfs; Rke;Jw;whu;.

ehYfhR gz;Zk; ey;ynjhopiy> ehNynehbapy; tpl;nlwpe;jhd;. ey;iy efiutyk; te;jhd;> ey;Y}u;j;Njubapy; ehl;fzf;fha; jtkpUe;jhd;.

‘Nla;!ahulh eP?’ vd;W nry;yg;gh cid cYf;fp ‘xU nghy;yhg;Gkpy;iy’ vd cd;id Ml;nfhz;lhu; ‘Njulh?’ vd;W cd;id Njubapy; tpl;lhu; ‘ghulh?’ vd;W ePNah cid ghUiuf;fitj;jha;.

ey;yKdp ePtpu; eidtpj;j – GQ;iQ epyj;jpy; Giyau;fs; FbNaw;wk;. gQ;rkh ghjfq;fs; nfhQ;rkh ek; epyj;jpy; fl;lhf; fhypfshy; filj;njUtpy; fhilj;jdq;fs; muq;Nfw;wk; Fj;jhl;lk; FJ}fypg;G vd;W vq;Fk; xNu nfhz;lhl;lk;. vd;Nd nra;a! vd; epyj;ij!

FUFyj;jpd; nfhl;lhuk;tpLj;J nfhOk;Gj;Jiw ciwe;jha; ,Yg;ig kuepoypy; mYg;gWj;J MwYw;wha; nry;yg;gd; nrUg;ig rpuNkw;wp rpwg;gpj;jha; - tpru; nry;yg;gd; tpl;lgzpnjhl;L tpsf;fk; eP ciuj;jha;.

fhLNkL fle;njy;yhk; gzpfz;l ngUkhNd $L tpl;L $Lgha;e;J Fwpajidr; nrhy;Yk; ehL tpl;L ehL nrd;W ek;ktiur; NrUk; tPL tpl;L tPLiwe;J tpidfsij fisAk;!

Kf;fhyk; vkf;nfd;w Kbtjidr; nrhy;Yk; mf;fhyk; gl;lJau; mWg;gpj;J epy;Yk; ,f;fhyk; mUfpUe;J ,dpaitfshw;Wk; vf;fhyk; vkf;fpUe;J vk;gzpfs; ciuAk;!

fhy;fLf;f fdJ}uk; fle;J nrd;wha; fl;lhe;jiuapy; fbJwf;fk; jhd;nfhz;lha; grpj;jhiuf;fz;L gl;rzj;ijg; gq;fpl;lha; Grpj;jhiuf;fz;L grpajid czu;tpj;jha;. ïªJ xË

78

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

fUizj; jpUTUtpd; filrp ahj;jpiu 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

f

Rthkpfs; mtdpapYs; N shh; ca; t jw; f hf nfhOk; G j; J iwg; nghpatiu Ml; n fhz; L cgNjrpj;jUspajhf mwpfpNwhk;. ,e; ed;ehis jpUtbg; g+irj; jpdkhff; nfhz;L FUTf;Fg; g+ir nra;ag;gl;L tUtJz;L 1964 Mk; gq;Fdp khjk; gj;jhk; ehsad;W (23.03.64) ,uz;lhk; jpq;fshFk;. ,j;jpdj;jd;Wjhd; vk;gpuhd; jdJ jpUTliy cjwpj; js;spAs;shh;fs;. ,j;jpUTly; cyfpy; Njhd;wpaJk; xU Gjd;fpoikahFk;. fUizNa cUtkhfpa ,t; T ly; fw; g id fle; j NrhjpAs; fye; j Jk; Gjd; f poikahf mike;Js;sJ. ,j;jpdq;fspd; xUikg;ghl;bd; kh;kj;ijNah kfpikiaNah vk; rpw;wwpT nfhz;L mwpaKbahJ. VNjh xU tpNrlk; nghUe;jpAs;sJ vd;gjid md;gh;fSf;F epidt+l;Ljw;fhf <z;L Fwpg;gpl;Nlhk;.

Rthkpfspd; Mf; i Qg; g b mbahh; f s; rpy fhykhf ghjahj;jpiufs; Muk;gpj;Js;shh;fs;.

Fwpg;gpl;l Chpy; cs;s xU Nfhapypy; tpNrl topghLfs; nra;Jtpl;L mbahh;fs; Ntjghuhazk; ehkg[id Kjyhapd nra;J nfhz;L rptnjhz;ld; epiyaj;ij Nehf;fp eilahj;jpiu nra;thh;fs;. ,J nghpa Xh; rhjidahf jkf;F ,Ue;jJ vd gq;Fgw;wpa md;gh;fs; $Wfpwhh;fs;. ,e;jg; ghjahj;jpiufs; vy;yhk; Kbe;j gpd;dh; xU rkaj;jpy; “filrpahf ,d;DnkhU ahj;jpiu ,Uf; F ” vd; W Fwpg; g pl; L s; s hh; f shk; . 25.3.64 Gjd;fpoik fhiyapy; Muk;gpj;j ahj;jpiuiaj;jhd; Rthkpfs; Fwpg;gpl;lhh;fs; NghYk;. mjpfhiyapy; mgpN~f Muhjidfs; vy;yhk; Kbe;j gpd;dh; gf;jh;fs; jk; MirjPug; ghh;jJ ; g; gzptjw;fhf kyh;fshy; myq;fhpf;fg;gl;l gPlj;jpy; itf;fg;gl;bUe;j jpUTly; fhiy vl;L kzpf; F filrp ahj; j piuia Muk; g pg; g jw; F g+k;gy;yf;fpy; vOe;jUspaJ. nfhOk;gpypUe;J te;J nfhz;bUe;j Gifapujk; md;W aho;g;ghzj;jpw;F gpe;jp te;J nfhz;bUe;jJ. Rthkpfspd; cliyf; filrp Kiwahfj; jhprpg;gjw;fhf vz;zp te;j gy md;gh;fs; tz;b jhkjpj;jjhy; mq;fyha;jj ; hh;fshk;.

NtW Xh; tz; b jlk; Guz; l J fhuzkhf nfhOk;gpypUe;J te;j tz;b mEuhjGuj;jpYk; nfhOk; G f; F r; nry; Y k; tz; b fs; ,uz; L

UizNa cUthfp fhrpdpapy; Njhd;wp FUgudhf vk;Kld; tho;e;J newpapy;yhnewpapy; nry;ytplhJ kf;fis ey;ynewp xOfr;nra;J md;gh;fs; gyUf;F eitaW fhl;rpfs; ey;fp vk;ikAk; mbadhf;fpa fhUz;a ts;syhthh; nfhOk;Gj;Jiw tjpe;j KdpGq;fth;. jd;idailAk; kf; f Sf; F rhjprka NtWghbd; w p murhq; f ke;jphpahapd; vd;d Mz;bahapd; vd;d vtiuAk; rhprkhdkhff; fUjp md;idapYk; $ba jaTld; mtutUk; Ntz;baij Ntz;bathW <e;jUSk; fw; g fjUtha; tho; e ; J te; j hh; f s; . vt; t pj kdf;ftiyAld; kf;fs; Nghfpd;whh;fNsh mth;fs; kdf;ftiyfisnay;yhk; jPh;j;J NfhilapNy ,isg;ghw epoy;jUk; Fsph;jUthf Rthkpfs; ,Ue;jhh;fs;. fhe;jk; ,Uk;igf; ftUk; jd;ikNghy kf;fs; ftug;gl;lhh;fs;. mtuth; Rthkpfsplk; ngw;w Ngw;iw mtuth;fNs mwpthh;fs;. Rthkpfs; md;giu Ml;nfhs;Sk; Kiw tpsk;gplw;fhpaJ. xt;nthUtiu xt;nthU topapy; mUs;Rue;J Ml;nfhs;Sthh;fs;. Mdhy; vy; N yhUila cs; s f; f plf; i fAk; xd; N w. mg; g h; Rthkpfs; ghbaJ Nghy vy; N yhuJk; cs;sq;fSk;. “mj;jhTd; mbNaid md;gh yhh;j;jha; mUs;Nehf;fpy; jPh;j;jeP uhl;bf; nfhz;lha; vj;jidAk; mhpiaeP vspia ahdha; vidahz;L nfhz;buq;fp Vd;W nfhz;lha; gpj;jNdd; NgijNad; NgNad; ehNad; gpioj;jdfs; vj;jidAk; nghWj;jhad;Nw ,j;jidAk; vk;guNkh Ia INah vk;ngUkhd; jpUf;fUiz apUe;jthNw”

vd;W mg;gdpd; fUizia epide;J cUFk;. fwe; j ghYk; fd; d Ykha; rpwe; j mbahh; rpe;jidapy; Njd;Nghd;W jpj;jpf;Fk; Rthkpfspd; yP i yfs; . ,t; t hwhf mth; f s; cs; s q; f is nfhs;is nfhz;l Rthkpfs; vk;nghUl;L 92 Mz;Lfs; cly; nfhz;L cyhtpAs;shh;fs;. gq;Fdp khjj;jpy; tUk; jpq;fl;fpoikfs; md;id guhrf; j pf; F g+irnra; t jw; F k; topgLtjw; F k; nghUe;jpa ehl;fshff; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ. ,uz;lhtJ jpq;fl;fpoik xd;wpNyjhd; mUshsdhk; nry;yg;gh

ïªJ xË

79

átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

kjthr;rpapYk; jilg;gl;L epd;wdthk;. aho;g;ghzk; tuNtz;ba tz;b Kjypy; mDg;gg;gl;ljhNyNa jhq;fs; vl;L kzpf;fhtJ nfhOk;Gj;Jiwf;F te;J Nruf;$bajhf 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ ,Ue;jJ vd;Wk;> md;Nwy; Rthkpapd; jpUTliyj; jhprpj;jpUf;fNt KbahJ vd;Wk; jhq;fs; te;j tz;biaj; jk; Kaw;rp vJTkpy;yhky; Kjypy; mDg;gr; nra;jJk; jpUTly; vOe;jUSk; rkak; jk;ik mq;Ftur; nra;jJk; Rthkpfspd; fUizNa vd;Wk; xU md;gh; $wpf; fz;zhP t ; pl;lhh;. tz;bapy; tUk; md;gh;fspd; tUiff;fhfNt Rthkpfs; fhj;jpUe;jJ Nghy md;gh;fs; tuTk; gy;yf;F Mr;rpuk thriytpl;L efh;e;jJ. cw;rtfhyj;jpy; Nfhapypy; Rthkp tPjptyk; tUk; fhl;rpNghyNt Gyg;gl;lJ. ,UkUq;Fk; fw; g +ur; r l; b fSk; CJth; j ; j p rhk; g puhzp KjypadTk; Ve; j pr; nrd; w hh; f s; . ,Uf; n fhL Njhj;jpuk; ,ak;gpdh;. xU Gwk; nrd;dpapy; mQ;ryp nra;jdh;. ,d;ndhUGwk; kf;fspw; rpyh; njhOjdh; rpyh; mOjdh;. kzpthrfg; ngUkhd; “Jts;ifah; xUghy; " vd; w ij epidt+l; b aJ mk; i kahh; xUthpd; epiy.Nfhapypy; mb mopg;gjw;fhff; fl;LtJ Nghyr; Nriyia thhpf; fl;bf; nfhz;L xU Foe;ijiaAk; Njhspy; Nghl;Lf; nfhz;L rdf;$l;lj;ij tpyj;jpf; nfhz;L kahdj;ijr; Nrh;tjw;fhfj; Jtz;L Xbdhh; mk;ikahh;. tPjpfs; vy;yhk; myq;fhpf;fg;gl;bUe;jd.tPl;L thry;fspy; vy;yhk; jPgq;fs; Vw;wp G~;ghQ;ryp nra;jhh;fs;. xU mk;ikahh; Foe;ij- gpwe;J (%d;W khjk; jhdpUf;fyhk;) xd;iw ,uz;L fuq;fspYk; Ve;jp Rthkpapd; jpUTliyg; ghh;j;J ePl;b “mg;gNd mUs; Ghptha;” vd;W Ntz;ba fhl;rp vk;ik nka; r pyph; f ; f r; nra; j J. mg; g idj; jhprpf; f mf;Foe;ijf;Fk; ghf;fpak; gpd;dh; fpilahNj vd; W Vq; f pdhh; NghYk; Foe; i jia Ve; j pa ghl;bahh;.

fhf;Fk; vk; fhtydhf fz;fz;l nja;tkhf ,Ue;J fhz;ghpa Ngnuhspahfg; NghFk; Rthkpfspd; jhprdj;Jf;fhf kf;fs; jpus;jpushfr; Rliyia Nehf;fpr; nrd;wdh;. Rliy vd;why; Nga; gprhR cyhTk; ,lk; vd;W gae;J xJq;Fk; tof;fk; vk; Chpy; cz;L. Foe;ijfs;> ngz;fs; Rliyia vl;bAk; ghh;f;fkhl;lhh;fs;. ,t;thwhd itjPfKk; IjPfKk; cs;s Chpy; ngz;fSk; Foe;ijfSk; jpuz; b Ue; j fhl; r p Rliyapy; rptngUkhd; ciwfpd;whh; vd;w cz;ikia vLj;Jf;fhl;baJ. kzpthrfh; “Nfhapy; RLfhL” vd;W ghbapUg;gJ epidTf;F te;jJ. Ch;t yk; kahdj;i j mile; jJk; kf; f s; vy;NyhUk; Nfhapypy; ,Ug;gJ Nghd;W epyj;jpy; ,Ue;J topglj; njhlq;fpdh;. rq;F Nrkf;fyk; Kjypad xypj;jd. kf;fs; vy;NyhUk; fz;fspy; ePh; gdpg;gj; jj;jkf;F tpUg;gkhd ghly;fis Xjpdh; . jpBnud eprg; j k; epytpaJ. kf; f spd; cs;sq;fspy; vOe;j vz;zq;fisg; gpujpgypg;gJ Nghy cah;jpU FkhuRthkpg;Gyth; mth;fs; mhpa ghly;fs; ghbdhh;fs;. “je;jJd; jd;id nfhz;lJ vd; jd;id rq;fuh Mh; nfhNyh rJuh;”

vd;W Gyth; Iah mth;fs; ghbaJ mbahh;fs; Rthkpaplk; Kd; ngw;w Mde;jj;ijAk; Rthkpfspd; mUs; vk; rpe;ijiaNa Nfhapyhff; nfhz; b Uf; f pwJ vd; g ijAk; cWjpg; g Lj; j pf; fhl;LtJ Nghy ,Ue;jJ. mg;gd; vk; clypy; ,lk; nfhz;L tpl;lhd;. mq;F Njhw;wpa N[hjp vq;fs; xt;nthUth; cs;sj;jpYk; epd;W Rlh; tpl;Lg; gpufhrpj;J vk;ikAk; Kj;jp newpf;F ,l;Lr; nry;tjhf.

“Kj;jp newp mwpahj %f;fnuhL Kay; Ntidg; gj;jp newp mwptpj;Jg; gotpidfs; ghWk; tz;zk; rpj;jkyk; mWtpj;Jr; rptkhf;fp vidahz;l mj;jd; vdf;fUspa thwh; ngWthh; mr;NrhNt."

ed;wp : Mj;kN[hjp - Vg;uy; 1964

ehk; flTis cs;sj;jpy; tsh;f;fpNwhk;. ehk; mtUila jha;. ekf;F ktUf;FnkhU FiwTkpy;iy ek;ik mth; gphpa KbahJ. KOJk; cz;ik.

Xk; rhe;jp! rhe;jp!! rhe;jp!!!

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Siva Yoga Swami Mr. Samy Pasupati (Australia)

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The first pictures

(you have taken one, take another). That is the picture of Swami seated in a Chair.

These two pictures, the first of Swami in meditation and the other of Swami seated in a chair are perhaps the only two pictures of Swami when He was physically well and are now freely available everywhere.

There were no pictures of Swami. The devotees understood that he did not wish it be taken. It was said that when attempts are made to take a picture of Swami, mysteriously he would not appear in the picture.

When my father, Dr V T Pasupati was the Physician and OIC of the Hospital in Chilaw in 1950, we were graced by Swami’s visit to my parents’ residence. Swami stayed for a few days. My mother, Kamalambikai, a deeply religious lady, told me that we were blessed that we were able to be in His presence. However when Swami was not there, perhaps she meant now or in the future, all of Swami’s disciples would wish very much that they should have a picture of Swami for their prayers. Would I take a picture early next morning when Swami is meditating? If Swami got angry she would take full responsibility. The next morning about 5.30 or 6 am Swami was in meditation at the furthest corner of the Lounge. I was not to enter that room, but was to take a picture from the adjoining room.

At breakfast Swami enquired whether anyone had come when he was meditating.

My mother kept silent. Later that morning when Swami was seated in a chair out on the verandah, my mother said 'Rthkp> ehq;fs; xU ngupa gpio nra;jpl;Nlhk;" (Swami, we made a big mistake). Swami who had known my mother from her infancy, the daughter of one of Swami’s early disciples, Physician Kasthuri Muthukumaru who was about the same age as Swami, said ‘eP vd;d gpio nra;tha;?’ (what mistake will you make?) meaning that she wouldn’t make a mistake. Of course Swami would have known that this picture was being taken. My mother still feeling guilty said ‘Rthkpia Nfl;fhky; xU glk; vLj;jpl;Nlhk;’ (We have taken a picture without asking Swami) Swami was silent and then to our relief, he laughed aloud and said ‘fdNgu; vLf;fg;ghj;jpdk; eP vLj;jpl;lha;’. (many have tried to take, you have taken) We were relieved. I was emboldened and then asked ‘,d;Dk; xU glk; vLf;fl;lh?’ (shall I take one more?)

Swami responded, ‘xU glk; NghJk;’ (one picture is enough).

A little while later He said ‘xd;L vLjpl;lha;jhNd> ,d;ndhz;L vL’ ïªJ xË

A few reminiscences My maternal grandfather Kasthuri Muthukumaru was one of Swami’s earliest disciples and being of about the same age as Swami, they were more like friends although he maintained his immense respect for Swami. At every meal there was always an extra plantain leaf laid on the table in case they were blessed with a visit

by Swami. My mother related how one day she had served the food for my grandfather when he suddenly got up and went to the road. There was Swami coming along. Swami laughed aloud and said eP vd;id fl;b Msg;ghu;f;fpwha;! (you are trying to tie me up and rule me!).

Swami would ask many of his devotees who had serious worries about their illness to go and see Muthukumaru Pariyariar and later on his son Cathiravel, my mother’s father and brother respectively). Many are the stories of patients being cured when previously all hope had been lost. Was it the medicine, Swami’s miracles, or both? Swami took a personal interest in this, a virtually charitable institution.

This was a practice dating back to the time of Kasturiar and before him, his Guru Sunthara Gnaniar, a Gnani). Swami would say ‘the medicines that would defeat Yama’s efforts are being prepared there’.

Swami would also come often to my parents’ adjoining house. Word would get around and many would gather; passing vehicles would stop. Swami would speak with all of them. I remember vividly one instance. A youngster standing near Swami suddenly fainted. Swami enquired of his mother ‘,g;gb neLfTk; tUfpwjh? (does this occur regularly?) On the mother saying it was so, he said ‘Vd; mg;gb tUthd;’. (why should it be so?) The youngster never had such an episode thereafter. He is now a much respected medical consultant overseas.

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seated there who had come to tell Swami of the impending marriage of their daughter.

Shortly after our marriage we went to receive His blessings. As we entered he said ‘cdf;F %d;W Mk;gpis gps;isfs;jhNd’?’ (you have three sons?). Then Swami laughed aloud and said ‘vdf;F kwjp. ,g;gjhNd fy;ahzk; Kbr;reP’. (I am getting old. You married only now) Well, we are now blessed with three sons.

On some of Swami’s visits to the Dispensary we, who were students at that time, would be told that Swami wished to see us. We would go there with a mixture of awe and affection; never an element of fear. Swami would get us to write down what he said. Swami would then take the paper and go away. Those I believe were to be part of the Natchinthanai songs.

We would look forward to going to Swami’s Ashramam.

If it was in the morning, there was also the possibility that Swami would get into the car; a great pleasure and privilege for us. He may go as far as Chunnakam market. He would send us off telling us that He would walk back.

There was a time when some devotees were worried that Swami was neglecting His health, notwithstanding the great love and care of the Thirunavakkarasu family. He also was walking very long distances. A few of His devotees hence arranged among themselves to take turns so that one of them would arrive at the Ashramam each morning hoping that Swami would make use of their car. This arrangement worked smoothly only for a couple of weeks. Swami had got wind of it and chased all of them away. He wanted to continue with His very simple ways.

How very sorry many of us feel that our grandchildren and some of our children do not now have the opportunity that we had in our time to be in the presence of such a great saint.

We were also privileged to have had Santhasamy (Viscount Lord Soulbury) staying with us whenever he came to Colombo. It would invariably be for the purchase of a Tractor, which he drove himself, other implements or spares for the Sivathondan Farm in Chenkaladi, the produce from which was used for Annathanam.

On one such visit he expressed the need to go to the UK High Commission to renew his Passport. He did not want an appointment made; “we will stand in the Queue like the others” he said. Dressed in a very old and simple suit and an old hat, after being in the Queue for a fairly long time we approached the Reception Counter. With one look at His passport all work stopped; there was total excitement. A Viscount Lord was in the office! Everyone was running around, the High Commissioner invited Him in and extended all their courtesies. That was the humility of Santhasami, one of Swami’s great disciples.

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A much respected educationist after having a serious difference with his senior colleague, had decided that he would not be going back to that institution. Going past our house, in a very worried state, he heard Swami was 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ seated on the veranda. He came and stood along with the others, worried but saying nothing. In a short while, Swami looked at him and said ‘you go back on Monday, he will realise his mistake’. He went back on Monday and everything worked out.

My father had gone to the UK for further postgraduate medical studies. One day Swami came home and told my mother ‘mtiu clNd tur;nrhy;Y’ (ask him to come immediately). Being a devout follower, my father took the first available ship. That ship turned out to be the last before the war. My father could well have been in the UK for the whole period of the war with my mother and the six children in Ceylon for the five to six years.

Mr Satchithananda was in the UK for his accountancy studies. Through the night there had been a gas leak from the heater. He had apparently lost consciousness. In the morning he found himself outside his door, out in the open.

Swami told his father in Jaffna not to worry as his son was OK. The father couldn’t quite understand the meaning of what Swami had said till he heard from his son. He always believed that Swami had saved him.

Mr Satchithananda’s family, my wife and I were driving down to Jaffna from Colombo in the days of the anti- Sri campaign. On the way were large crowds with long poles and rocks blocking the road, stopping and attacking cars. A boulder thrown missed us. Stopping could have been fatal. Mr Satchithananda, praying to Swami for His intervention, ploughed into the crowd. They all scattered. Thoroughly shaken up, we drove straight to Swami’s Ashram. As we entered, Swami asked rpq;fstd; mbr;rhdh ? (did the Singhalese hit you?) Swami no doubt had answered the prayer.

Swami was immensely fond of children. My wife Isha in her innocence as a child would run and sit on His lap. Swami would get her to sing NfSq;Nfhlh jk;gpkhNu, a religious folk song befitting a child of her age.

On one of Isha’s school holiday visits to Jaffna, Swami told her 'vdf;F kwjp. ,g;gjhNd fy;ahzk; Kbr;rJ" (on your next visit bring a gold sovereign). It could well have been any day, date or time. Obviously He knew. When she went to Swami the next holidays many months later, she placed the sovereign on a betel leaf and gave it to Swami. Swami immediately handed it to an apparently very poor couple

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Maha Munivar Of Jaffna His Holiness Siva Yoga Swamigal

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By Dr. Mrs. Indra SivaYoham F.R.C.S(Eng) F.R.C.Ophth (Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon,United Kingdom Deputy President All Ceylon Hindu Congress 1981-1983.)

This turbulent world with it’s quota of conflict and

congregated seekers and each would pick out what was meant for him. This might sometimes not be relevant at the time but could convey what was to be.

People from all walks of life, rich and poor, Hindus, Christians, Muslims and Buddhists, locals and foreigners, all gained immensely from his Darshan. The intellectual son of the then serving British Governor General of Ceylon, Lord Soulbury became the disciple of Swami, and was given benediction as Shantha Swami. who in turn renounced the world, and took up residence in a hut constructed jointly by himself and Swami Gowribala on the river bank at Selva Sannithy Temple. The latter was a German Professor who in turn was a disciple of Yoga Swami. In addition there were foreign diplomats who had benefited immensely from Swami’s guidance.

subjugation has from time immemorial been sanctified by messengers from God who have gained entry into a super conscious state of Bliss in which their minds open up and become illumined after many years of concentration, meditation and contemplation. Among such Sidhars and occupying a prestigious place in near contemporary times was Siva YogaSwamy, of Ceylon

Early Years Born on 29th May 1872 to Hindu parents in Maviddapuram,in North Ceylon, and named Sathasivam.

Having lost his father at two years of age,he was moulded entirely by the mother, till he was ten years of age. Having had his education at St. Patrick’s College, Jaffna, he joined the Government service as Store Keeper in the irrigation Department in Killinochi, working diligently and winning the admiration of his superior, Engineer Brown. Devoting his leisure hours to acquiring Spiritual knowledge prompted by an inner anguish and a yearning for the realisation of God, he would go on foot from Killinochi to Nallur Kandaswamy Temple in Jaffna on weekends and on one such occasion came into the ambience of Chellappa Swami who was to be his Guru. The benediction which ensued was, the Guru shouting at him, querying,” Do you know who you are? Look within.”

Advent of Special Disciple YogaSwami was characteristically dressed in plain white Dhoti and did not count anything as His possessions except the Padukkas of his Master, Chellappa Swami.

YogaSwami appeared in the dream of a young American in San Francisco, in 1946 and informed him to seek Swami out in the East, indicating that Swami was his Guru, without divulging his name. This young man, Robert Hanson, in his very early 20s and who was head of San Francisco Ballet, set out immediately, by boat and eventually located Siva YogaSwamy in Jaffna, having been to all parts of India and Ceylon in search. The American spent little under three years in Jaffna, and during this period with no visible or audible transfer of knowledge, became equipped with formidable fount of knowledge. Hanson was benedicted as Sri Sivaya Subramuniya Swami, and returned to San Francisco. At the time of his departure Siva Yoga Swami imparted a strong slap on the back of the departing disciple, stating “Roar like a Lion and Let this resound all the world over” This has certainly come to pass as the Aadheenam set up by Sivaya Subramuniya Swami, also known to many as Gurudeva in the island of Kauai, Hawaii, is located on a magnificient expanse of 350 acres on the

Renunciation From then on YogaSwami’s desire for asceticism was intense and he took to long periods of intense meditation (Thapas) beside his Guru, exposed to the elements without intake of food or water. He travelled on foot the length and breadth of Ceylon to Holy shrines such as Kathirgamam at the command of His Guru. On such occasions, miracles happened such as, divine messages by God, in dreams to individuals. identifying YogaSwamy as Murugan himself and to receive him accordingly, to quote a few. As YogaSwami’s fame spread many were those who sought His Blessings silently with no spoken word, but the response from Swami was unique to each individual although not directly spoken, but spoken aloud to the ïªJ xË

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Contemporary Miracle

banks of the Wailuwa River.

The landscaped grounds, is in part, home to a Rudraksha forest, A beautiful Temple dedicated to Lord Natarajah, and various locations in the grounds to altars for Lord 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ Murugan , Dakshina moorthy, Lord Ganesh, and renowned Saiva Saints .Masterly publications by Sivaya Subramuniya Swami titled, Living with Siva, Dancing with Siva, and Merging with Siva (Proof of the imbibed knowledge from YogaSwamigal) are certainly confirmation of response to the command. There are devotees of YogaSwami drawn from many countries and continents.

My dear parents , the late Hon. Supreme Court Justice Saiva Sigamany Pon. Sri Skanda Rajah and Mrs. Kanmany Sri Skanda Rajah, and we children, had known Swami personally right upto His Maha Samadhi in March 1964.

When my dear Father had sought a fervent Dharshan of SadGuru YogaSwami in 1938, and fell at Swamis Holy feet, Swami touched father on his shoulder saying “This is how Queen Victoria knighted Sir Pon Arunachalam” imparting Sparisa Deeksha to father and also said “ I have good reports of your dispensing justice”.It is noteworthy that when a Supreme Court Session commences in any part of the country, the presiding judge is expected to seek divine guidance in dispensing justice by attending the place of worship that his religion caters, along with retinue of lawyers and the court staff. It so happened that when father commenced the Supreme court sessions in Jaffna,Father sought divine guidance at the prestigious Nallur KandaSwamy Temple from Lord Murugan and at the same time guidance of SivaYogaSwamy who reigned physically and spiritually at the same venue.

When I had returned to the United Kingdom and was continuing to function as Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon from 1983, I had a dream in 1995 that I was being accompanied by the High Priest of the famous Munneswaram Temple of Ceylon, to a beautiful location where a thatched hut was seen in the centre of a little man made island surrounded by a Lotus pond. The island itself was connected to the surrounding land by a little wooden bridge, and that, as I approached the entrance to the cottage Yoga Swamy came out, (although this was occurring 21 years after Maha Samadhi,) and that I prostrated at His feet, and Swami Blessed me profoundly..

My husband Dr. Sivayoham, and I decided to travel to the Aadheenam in Hawaii perhaps being prompted in my mind that the location could be in Hawaii. Having arrived at the Aadheenam in Hawaii and had Gurudeva- Sivaya Subramaniya’s Darshan, one of the renunciates - Rishi Thondunathan- was instructed to take us around to view the grounds of the Aadheenam. On inquiring from Rishi Thondu Nathan as to where Gurudeva resided, and when we were shown,we were amazed to note that it was exactly what I had dreamt of and concluded that YogaSwamy lives on within His disciple GuruDeva. We came to know also that construction of the cottage had taken place at the time of my dream. Approximately five years later when the Aadheenam’s website announced their intention to install a statue of YogaSwamy on the brim of the very same Lotus pond, my husband and I had, with great pleasure, met financially the cost of the prestigious and blissful venture.

Natchinthanai Many compositions in Lyric that even surpass in quality and content the Panniru Thirumurai of the Four esteemed Saiva Saints, sprang spontaneously from YogaSwami and have been documented and published as Natchinthanai and excel in appeal to seekers of knowledge. Spontaneous pronouncements both in Tamil and English, with deep concealed meanings. were made from time to time by YogaSwamy and have been carefully scribed by ardent devotees and published in print. YogaSwami has enabled many sincere devotees to experience His bountiful Grace by averting danger, Blessing in person or via an intermediary, or appearing in different locations simultaneously to different sets of devotees. This however was not necessarily Swami’s Modus Operandi, He was unfathomable. A renowned Indian Professor was visiting Jaffna on a lecture tour, and had done so over several years and had been a devotee of YogaSwami. He woke up one morning and discovered he had lost his power of speech and was absolutely shattered unable to accept the situation. In desperation he went to Swami’s residence but was unable to convey anything. He was given a tough talk by YogaSwamy, as he had planned to go to Colombo for treatment. Swami told the Professor “ Come and see me after your public lecture tonight”. At this, the Professor was delighted, as this conveyed that the faculty of Speech would return, and it did. when this Prof.A.S. GnanaSambandan returned that evening,Swamiji had a long blissful conversation, and in conclusion revealed to him a rather surprising intention saying, “ Let us - you and me -” bury the works of Kambar and Sekhizhar and re invent their work in a new format.” And so it turned out, that when Prof Gnana Sambandan returned to India, there were more than twenty requests from different sources for indepth analysis of material relevant to Sekhizhar and also that of poet Kambar. ïªJ xË

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jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹ time schedules, enabling vision to be restored to a total of 820 eyes with great satisfaction to the recipients enabling them to lead near normal lives. We, in turn felt immense fulfilment, in that 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ we had financed the project ourselves but valued the time I spent in the terrain that our MahaMunivar YogaSwami lived and worked when He was in employment in the irrigation department in IRRANAIMADU, and were appreciative of the role played by the Lions Club of Jaffna in helping with transport of patients.

Surgical Service to Visually handicapped in Northern Sri Lanka.

When the Temple Bell for Selva Sannithy that was commissioned in the UK was ready for delivery,it turned out that the, hitherto closed trunk route A9 in Northern Sri Lanka was reopened a couple of weeks earlier at a time the Government had commenced negotiations with LTTE . The timing of these events seemed to be initiated from a Divine Hand.

The Lions Club of Jaffna and the Eye Surgeon Jaffna,Dr Kugathasan, taking advantage of freedom of travel, in the North,decided to conduct Screening Eye clinics to identify patients who were incapacitated due to Cataracts in the Northern Province, Kilinochi and Vavuniya and Wanni. They scheduled Surgical Intervention for late August the same year. A team of five British Eye Surgeons,Three Anaesthetists and three operating theatre nurses were formed and I was invited to lead the team.I had independently expected to travel myself to be at Selva Sannithy at the Flag Hoisting Ceremony of the annual Festival on which occasion the New Bell would also be installed in the Belfry.The time for which the Surgical project was scheduled quite independently, coincided exactly with Festival at Selva Sannithy surprisingly.The surgery was to be performed at the very spacious, purpose built Ophthalmic Theatre in the Teaching Hospital in Jaffna,which could easily house six operating tables simultaneously.The Lions Club had arranged to provide transport to the hospital for Surgery to each patient, and returning home after review the next day. Work commenced each day examining patient by the departmental team and patient being sent to Theatre for surgical removal of Cataract and insertion of Intra Ocular Lens implant under local Anaesthesia administered by the Anaesthetist. I ensured that the patient would be listening to recorded religious music to keep them calm.

Surgery continued from 7.00am each day to 7.00p.m.over a period of eight working days. Sight was restored to 330 eyes on this first year.During this project in 2002 a lady Anaesthetist Dr. Mrs Natkunarajah and myself went to Nallur Kandaswamy Temple before dawn and worshipped at the entrance on three occasions.Before leaving Jaffna the entire team which included English men and women went and worshipped inside the Temple.On my visit in 2002,I had the unique opportunity of being taken by Rishi Thondu Nathan and mother to pay homage at Chellappa Swami’s Samadhi, and also to YogaSwami’s Ashram at Columbuthurai, for which I am ever grateful. In 2003 surgery was performed at Jaffna as well asGeneral Hospital Vavuniya, and in 2004 at Vavuniya and Wanni with similar ïªJ xË

Programme of Pilgrimage with The Hawaii Aadheenam In 2004 when the Aadheenam conducted “The Indian Odyssey” a memorable Pilgrimage to South India, precisely Tamil Nadu, I was among a group of 96 devotees drawn from around sixteen different countries. I was one among four individuals who had personal contact with the Great Master, Sadguru YogaSwami as well as GuruDeva and His successor SadGuruBodhinatha Veylan Swami. At the commencement of the Indian Odyssey, we arrived in Bangalore, in Karnataka State, and visited the Stone quarry site from where building Material was being transported to the Kauvai Aadheenam, in Hawaii. The pilgrims had occasion to be addressed by the Prestigious Architect Ganapathy Sthapathy, who was also the chosen Architect for the construction of the Temple in Hawaii, to house the Large Crystal Lingam which was acquired by the Aadheenam from mainland United States. He intimated in the course of his discourse, that about a decade earlier when he consulted the Nandi Vakiam Olas, as to his destiny and future etc he was informed, that in the not too distant future that he, Ganapathy Sthapathy would be invited by none other than the re incarnated Emperor Sri Raja Raja Chola Chakaravarthy to design the construction of a Sivan Temple in the West.

I experienced several events that were remarkable, and I have no doubt that many on that pilgrimage would have had spiritual experiences as well. To mention a few, when we visited Thanjavur, our accommodation had been arranged at a prestigious Hotel within walking distance to the Thanjai Periya Kovil, a magnificient spiritual cum architectural masterpiece of the first millenium A.D.conceived and erected by Emperor Sri Raja Raja Cholan.

The Aadheenam had also arranged a spiritually charged

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Manickavasagar, one of the four celebrated Saints. I complied with their request and hours later, realised it was written by Prof A.S. GnanaSambandan, he who had lost his power of speech that was restored by SadGuru YogaSwami and was obviously getting his inspiration spontaneously by the unseen Hand of my SadGuru who had indicated the liason,as well, and I, in turn was blessed to read the masterpiece.

The Maha Vakiams of SadGuru YogaSwamy reverberates constantly in my thoughts,and brings to mind the verse in ThiruManthiram - the masterpiece sung by saint Thirumoolar, himself the head of the Nandinatha lineage .The same lineage to which ,the sage of Sri Lanka, MahaMunivar YogaSwamy, also belongs:

Homam and Abishekam at the Temple, in the morning culminating at noon, and a programme of singing of Saiva Tamil Hymns by the designated traditional Hindu Vocalists from well known Aadheenams 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ in Tamil Nadu was scheduled for the evening. The vocalists were seated majestically on the large elevated outdoor platform where was located the large Nandhi facing the Sanctum Sanctorum of the Temple. As 95% of the pilgrims did not understand Tamil I was requested by SadGuru Veylan Swami to translate after each Hymn, which I did with fervour and dedication, conscious of my dear mother’s commitments to ensure that we, her children had the relevant tutelage in understanding the meanings of the ThiruMurais. The lucid quality of the translation I had rendered was confirmed by the response from the Swamis, the Traditional Hindu vocalists and the members of the entourage.

Yet another occasion was when I ventured out to visit a Book shop just across the road from the hotel, and was browsing through some of the books on Saiva Spirituality, two of the sales girls were more or less compelling me to buy a coterie of five volumes of commentaries on an invaluable masterpiece - Thiruvasagam sung by Saint

njspT FUtpd; jpUNkdp fhz;ly; njspT FUtpd; jpUehkk; nrg;gy; njspT FUtpd; jpUthu;j;ij Nfl;ly; njspT FUTU rpe;jpj;jy;jhNd." Which translates as Spiritually fulfilling is visualising the Guru Spiritually fulfilling is reciting the name of Guru Spiritually fulfilling is to hear the spoken word of the Guru Spiritually fulfilling is contemplation on the Guru.

Aum Nama Sivaya.

There is always a reaction to every action.

You must meet situations simply, as they arise.

This (Swami's illness) is a gift. Karma must be gone through. I have no connection whatever with this body.

This body brought with it the seeds of all else in life. Illness is part of it.

One need not inquire into the cause of this illness.

There is no action that can be claimed as ours.

All this was settled long, long ago. Don't be frightened of anything.

People who understand the cause of this will merely note this as the end of all suffering and remain undisturbed.

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Siva Yogaswami's 1910 Pada Yatra to Katirkamam Dr. Vimala Krishnapillai

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As in centuries gone by, pit in the sand beside the riverbank Katirkamam continues to exert its and rested there, losing himself in mystic magnetic pull, not only pious contemplation. pilgrims but sages and saints too are Some Veddas arrived there by lured. The venerated Siva Yogaswami a catamaran contrived of bamboos was no exception to this. on the third day. They awoke him up It was in 1910 that Siva Yoga addressing him with great respect swami embarked on a pada yatra as upasakara mahattya. With all from Nallur Temple, the hallowed humility and love they fed him with sanctuary of Murugan in the North, food they cooked especially for him to the sacred shrine of Katirkama and rowed him across the river Murugan, situated in the furthest in their catamaran. From there, southeastern corner of Sri Lanka.

Swami proceeded through valleys How come this mystic urge that and forests and reached the hallowed filled Swami's being to motivate him spot of Katirkamam, spent the nights to venture on this solitary sojourn, mostly in meditation on the hill top exposing him to the perils of the thick of Kathiramalai in communion with jungles, habited by wild animals and Murugan, and the day time around snakes, and the threat from hunger the shrine and madams. thirst and fatigue? The push must After a few days Swami left the have come from his satguru sage sanctified soil of Katirkamam and Chellappa Swami. traced his way back via Hambantota Route of the Kataragama Pada Yatra traditionally begins in Sacred Nallur, where Murugan's the jaffna peninsula from where it takes nearly two months  and Galle to Colombo. Spending a few to walk to kataragama. victorious Vel is enshrined, was the days there, he returned through the favorite haunt of Chellappa Swami. It hill country and reached Matale. This long and hazaduous was here that Yogaswami was initiated by his guru into the pada yatra took Swami about six months, until he was path of bliss, freeing him from the pangs of birth and death thoroughly fatigued and fully covered with dust. to life eternal. It was on the steps of this very theradi (steps The benevolent God could no more could endure the leading to Murugan's chariot) that his guru bade him sit in plight of his devotee. Saravanmuthu Tilliambalam, a pious continuous meditation for forty days. overseer stationed at Matale, had an extraordinary dream On completing this severe tapas penance his guru in which a celestial being appeared and said, "A devoted ordered him to depart and fend for himself. Swami's feet servitor of mine is returning from an arduous pada yatra propelled him in the eastern direction and he continued from Katirkamam. He is thoroughly exhausted, hungry and walking non-stop as if in a dream. It was only when he clothed in rags. It is your duty to be hospitable to him. I do reached Elephant Pass that his body awareness returned, not want him to continue his journey on foot any more. Buy and he realised that he was walking towards Katirkamam. him a railway ticket back home to Jaffna."

Filled with the divine urge to reach there, he walked along The overseer was thrilled and overjoyed. Deeming it a the costal belt skirting the eastern region, taking short rests great privilege, with his heart fluttering with faith and hope in between and continued his march through Trincomalee, he rushed to the road waiting in anticipation. As seen in the Batticaloa, Sitthandi, Tirukovil and Pottuvil. dream vision, he identified the figure walking towards him.

In later years Swami used to recount his experiences Worshipfully approaching the Swami he narrated his dream in the jungles, the people of diverse creeds and habits he and invited him home. "If that be God's will, I accept your kind met and moved among freely, and would always stress the invitation," said Swami. The pada yatra so devotedly undertaken experience of oneness. Later he related an incident when was accomplished by the will of his guru and God. a herd of wild buffaloes came charging at him in the thick The pious host welcomed him home most lovingly, gave jungles of Pottuvil. He remained still and gazed steadily him a warm water bath, clothed him in a newverti and shawl, straight into the eyes of its leader. The bull became tame and and fed him. After a day's rest, Swami left for Jaffna by train, calm, turned and ran off with the herd following it. the fare being paid by the overseer. The kith and kin of Swami From Pottuvil his yatra continued through the Vedda were overwhelmed with joy on seeing him alive for, after tract of Monaragala and Bibile. There a river in spate he went missing for six long months they had taken him for debarred him from proceeding further. He dug a shallow dead and even performed his last rites. ïªJ xË

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A Personal Account of Yogaswami by the former Canadian High Commissioner to Sri Lanka.

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Rishi Thondunathan for the gradual coming together of Eastern and Western spirituality. Because, what he was able to do was not only talk to me about the “Gospel According to St. John” and quote “in the beginning was the word” which is how the Gospel begins, and of course as a Christian, that was how I was brought up - but he was able to take me from that all the way to the question of “Who Are You? - you think you are the Canadian High Commissioner - nonsense - that’s not who you are - that’s what you do”! Then the vigor with which he would impress that so it wasn’t just a mental idea, it was an experience - an experience from his presence to my presence. Now, as we’re trying to remember and speak about him, he is here in that presence because that energy is birthless and deathless. That is the energy that the world needs if it is to chart a course away from the destruction it seems to be heading for currently. And, I think the change, the great “turning” its been called, the change of course is coming, and Yogaswami, even so long ago, had a hand in making that turn possible. That shift of consciousness both in the East and the West.”

In 2007, my dear friend and Yogaswami devotee, Dr. Indra Sivayoham in London, told me that a former Canadian High Commissioner to Sri Lanka was now living in Toronto, Canada. She also mentioned that the High Commissioner had written a book in which he had dedicated a chapter to Yogaswami.

We made several attempts through Dr. Sivayoham’s brother, Dr. Sriskandarajah who lives in Canada, to locate the High Commissioner and arrange a meeting. Two years later, on June 30, 2009 our meeting with the former High Commissioner, Dr. James George took place. Dr. & Mrs. Sriskandarajah accompanied me on the visit to Dr. George. When we arrived at Dr.George’s home that evening I received a very warm welcome from Dr. George and his wife, Barbara. Mrs. George most graciously served tea and we began our conversation.

Dr. George was the Canadian High Commissioner in Sri Lanka from 1960 - 1964. One of Yogaswami’s devotees, Sandaswami, also known as Soulburyswami, was the son of the last British Governor of Sri Lanka, Lord Soulbury. Lord Soulbury’s other son, Peter, also a diplomat, was the person who introduced Dr. George to Yogaswami.

After this Dr.George gave me an autographed copy of his book, “Asking for the Earth”- Waking Up to the Spiritual/ Ecological Crisis. In this book he has a chapter explaining his meetings with Yogaswami. The following is one excerpt from the book:

Dr. George says of his first meeting with Yogaswami; “I knocked quietly on the door to his modest thatched hut in Jaffna and a voice from within roared, ‘Is that the Canadian High Commissioner?’ I opened the door to find him seated crosslegged on the floor - an erect, commanding presence, clad in a white robe, with a generous topping of white hair and long white beard. Well Swami, I began, that is just what I do, not what I am. ‘Then come and sit with me’, he laughed uproariously. I felt bonded with him from that moment. He helped me to go deeper towards the discovery of who I am, and to identify less with the role I played.”

“The Tamils of Sri Lanka called Yogaswami “the Sage of Jaffna”. His thousands of devotees, including many Singhalese Buddhists and Christians, called him a saint. Some of those closest to him referred to him as the “Old Lion” for he could be very fierce and unpredictable, chasing away unwelcome supplicants with a stick.”

After two hours of a very warm, spiritual conversation, when Dr. George and I said good-by to each other, in my mind I thought... though Yogaswami lived in a simple, thatched hut in Jaffna, Sri Lanka, he made a global spiritual impact on many levels of humanity.

During Dr. George’s four-year stay in Sri Lanka, he visited Yogaswami a dozen times. On one occassion Dr. George began his conversation with Yogaswami... “Swami, I think...” ‘already wrong!’...Yogaswami thundered.” And my mind again went into the non-conceptual state he was such a master at invoking, clearing the way for being.”

PS: Dr. James George served in many capacities - as a diplomat, a naval historian, an environmentalist and author - in some of the world’s most interesting countries. Among other dignitaries, the Dalai Lama calls him “my old friend”. The author of two books: The “Little Green Book on Awakening”; and “Asking for the Earth” (chapter on Yogaswami) are available through Amazon Books and this email geojam6@gmail.com I highly recommend these books.

I asked Dr. George if he would like to pay tribute to Yogaswami and the following was his response: “I’m very glad to have my turn to pay tribute to Yogaswami. I think of him as one of the greatest spiritual pioneers of my lifetime, and in a broader sense, the catalyst ïªJ xË

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My memories of Yogaswami Mrs. Rajes Nagaratnam

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(Australia)

Yogaswami has been our family guru for three generations, my maternal grandparents, my parents and ourselves. He was known and venerated by members of my family and had been our guiding light for several years.

We have gone to him to be in his presence for spiritual guidance and blessings.

My grandfather (Appa) an ardent devotee of Yogaswami whenever he is in Jaffna would go in the evenings to be with Yogaswami to get his blessings. Yogaswami too would visit my Appa’s house very often in the mornings. He would sit in the verandah with my Appa and would talk for several hours. Closer to lunch time he would stand up and tell Appa, 'Come we will go inside’ and would go in and sit at the dining table. This happens often. My grandmother (Ammamma) would be prepared with rice warming on the hearth and curries freshly cooked. Ammamma and all of us when we are there during our holidays would help lay the table with plantain leaves and serve him with humility and devotion.

I was told that when Appa’s grandchildren were born, Appa would go to Yogaswami and would be given a name for the newborn. My brothers, my self and all my cousins were named by Yogaswami. When my eldest son was born in Colombo that evening, my husband saw the name Kujan in a newspaper article about Lord Skantha and mentioned to me that it would be an appropriate name for our son. When my grandfather visited Yogaswami in Jaffna the following day there was no name forthcoming. The same thing happened when my second son was born. My mother too being a strong devotee of Yogaswami was very keen that this grandchild be named after Yogaswami and

we then decided on the name Yogan. May be Yogaswami in his intuitiveness knew that the family had already decided on a name. When our third son was born Appa went to Yogaswami and he immediately gave the name Senathipathi.

During our visits from Colombo to Jaffna my brothers and I would go often to the Ashram with Appa in the evenings to worship Yogaswami and receive his blessings.

Ammamma would make stringhoppers, sodhi and curries to be taken to the Ashram. While Swami is in deep meditation we would sit quietly with the other devotees. Then after singing Thevarams by those present Swami would giveinstructions to lay plantain leaves and serve the prasadam for all present.

Something else I remember very often is whenever we are in Swami’s presence we eagerly wait to see whether any of us would be fortunate enough to receive something like a fruit from Swami. There were times when some of us did not receive anything and this taught us to accept fulfilments and disappointments in life.

After the holidays in Jaffna when we are ready to return to Colombo Swami paatta would tell my father to come early in the morning to the Ashram. He would then get into the car and travel with us to our home in Colombo. Amma always had separate bedding, versti, shawls and towels with Swami’s initials embroidered by me on them. Somehow word would get around that Swami is in Colombo and many devotees would come to see him and get his blessings.

My family and I feel humbled and fortunate to have had the great blessing of growing up around the great saint Yogaswami.

No need to control breath; no need to do tapas, if you can see yourself everywhere.

This is the secret of secret.

The Truth is one.

The rest is illusion.

States of realization are also an illusion.

Truth is betrayed by the first attempt at articulation.

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TRIBUTE TO

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Sage Yogaswamigal Of Jaffna Sri Lanka C. Shanmuganayagam 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

(Attorney-at-Law and Convener, Thinkers Forum, Meditation Group of Sri Lanka) (Recollection’s of a 93 year old devotee)

One of the foremost Sages of Asia in the 20

in the ‘Day by Day with Bhagavan’ diary of Devaraja Mudaliyar at Ramanasramam.

Some years ago I had occasion to read a book on Yogaswamigal entitled ‘Experiences of Devotees’ which contained articles mostly in Tamil, with an article by Sivaya Subramuniya Swami of Hawaii, a disciple of Yogaswamigal, in English, and which had been competently compiled and edited in 1999 by Dr. Vimala Krishnapillai, Lecturer in Education at the University of Colombo. It is a boon to students of Yogaswamigal’s life and teachings.

Eminent scholars like Dr. H.W. Thambiah, the wellknown jurist and retired judge of the Supreme Court, and Dr. T. P. Meenakshisundaram, Professor of Tamil at the Annamlai University, had contributed articles to the book setting out their spiritual experiences with Yogaswamigal. Dr. T.M.P. Mahadevan who was Professor of Philosohy at the Madras University for several decades was one of those who visited Yogaswamigal at his Jaffna Ashram.

Swami Asangananda of the Ramakrishna Mission, Belur Math, Calcutta, had also occasion to visit Yogaswamigal in Jaffna and had recorded his impression of the visit. Mrs. Ratna Navaratnam, Director of Education, was a well-known devotee of Yogaswamigal and had published a valuable collection of Swami’s spiritual utterances. Mrs. Chelvam Kalyanasundram who conducted a Thirumanthiram Spiritual Centre in Colombo was another devotee who had recorded her experiences about Yogaswamigal in scintillating verse.

It has also been reported that Lord Soulbury’s son and Justice M.T. Akbar were close disciples of Yogaswamigal, and so were several Sinhalese devotee’s like Ananda Perera, Advocate, Tikiribanda Dissanayake, Secretary of the London Buddhist Vihare and Dr. Susanga Weeraperuma, the author of several books on spiritual topics. M. Nagarathina, a Senior Attorney-at-Law and Vice President of the Vivekananda Society, Colombo, had given an intimate account of his

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century was Yogaswamigal of Jaffna in Sri Lanka who attained Mahasamadhi in 1964. His guru called Chellappa Swami, the crazy one, and his Guru’s Guru, the beggar; saint Kadaichwami formed a contemporary triumvirate of Gurus, similar to the spiritual triumvirate that enriched the Kriya Yoga heritage of Bengal in the Guru-seeshya relationship of Lahiri Mahasaya, Yukteswar and Paramahamsa Yogananda.

Yogaswamigal was a Gnani, Siddha and Zen Master all rolled into one. His four ahavakiyas; ‘All is Truth’, ‘Evil exists not’, ‘We know nothing’, ‘Everything has already been pre-ordained’ – and his spiritual injuction, ‘Just be’ or ‘Summa Iru’, constitute the core of Advaita Philosophy. The faculty of clairvoyance, telepathy and bilocation that he had mastered marks him out as an outstanding Siddha. His cryptic statements and of times harsh language used by him to test his devotees remind one of the Zen Masters of the Far East, whose koans are meant to bring one’s wandering thoughts to a grinding halt and awaken one’s inner Awareness of the Self.

He is reported to have visited Sri Ramana Maharshi the great Sage of Tiruvannamalai in the nineteen thirties and his cryptic comment in Tamil about the visit was: “We simply went: We had no expectation.

We sat there for about an hour; He did not speak at all; He is really a great hero. (Maha veeran)’.

This cryptic comment portrays the deep silent spiritual communion that took place when two Gnanis happened to meet. In complete contrast to this was the endearing verbal advice that Sri Ramana Maharshi gave to the writer of this article when he visited Thiruvannamalai in January 1946 as an absolute novice in the spiritual field and posed a question for clarification by Bhagavan about J. Krishnamurti’s statement regarding, ‘choiceless, effortless Awareness’. Bhaavan’s lengthy answer concerning ‘Summa iru’ etc had been duly recorded ïªJ xË

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Psychic experiences with Yogaswamigal over a period of several years. Susanga and Nagarathinam were close friends of mine and fellow spiritual aspirants.

It is significant that Sivaya Subramaniya Swami of Kauai had published a book entitled ‘Lemurian Scrolls’ where he states that his guru Yogaswamigal had initiated him into Yoga when he met him in Jaffna and opened his ‘third eye’ , whereby he was enabled to carry out research into the occult worlds by reading the Akasic records like Madame Blavatsky, the CoFounder of the Theosophical Society, and discover that human beings migrated to the planet Earth about four million years ago from the Pleiades in outer space in their subtle bodies and clothed themselves with physical forms here.

At the request of my friend Dr. Susanga Weeraperuma, I had sent some years ago a photograph of Yogaswamigal and some basic information about him to Sri V. Ganeshan, who was then the editor of ‘Montain Path’, the quarterly journal of the Ramanasramam, to enable him to write a feature article in the journal entitled ‘Yogaswamigal of Lankapuri’.

I had the good fortune of meeting Yogaaswamigal at his hut at Columbuthurai in Jaffna on several occasions in the nineteen fifties and receive his blessings. On one occasion he approvingly encouraged me to keep burning the spiritual flame that Jiddu Krishnamurti’s teaching had kindled in me at that time.

I had also occasion to meet Sivaya Subramaniya Swami in Colombo on one of his visits to Sri Lanka from Kauai and also Santhaswami (Lord Soulbury’s son) and Markandu Swami of Kaithadi in Jaffna.

A few of Yogaswamigal’s astounding and profound statements relating to the absolute Reality are set out below for the rare inspirational benefit of the readers.

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SOME SELECTED SAYINGS OF SAGE YOGASWAMIGAL No need to control the breath; no need to do tapas, if you can see yourself everywhere. That is the secrets of secrets.

Buddha, Christ, you, I are all like bubbles in the ocean.

The whole world is a picture.

Live unshaken in the realization that all that I see is Myself.

Greet those who come to see you. Inquire after their health and wellbeing but remember; all are one.

I am every where. You are everywhere, but you don’t believe it. WE see we.

Be Summa. Don’t think of anything. Let thoughts come and go. Meditationin remaining Summa.

If you want liberation in this birth make your mind a cremation-ground and burn all your desires to ashes.

All that has form must disappear. The mind is also with form, so that too must go.

Repeat the five letters before your past karmas come and overpower you.

God is not the cause of sin and virtue.

One word of Grace can make all past karma fly away. Don't let your 'ego' spoil the intellect given you by God's Grace.

The whole is a picture.

Whether others treat you with kindness or with rudeness, don't be affected.

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Yogaswamigal – a dedicated sither of God Siva 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

Mrs. T. V. Wijeyaratnam

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might have been about 7 or 8 years. That cool September evening, I and my younger sister Sivam were playing in the portico. Suddenly we heard a cart draw up at our gate. We rushed up to the gate to see who had come. It was a one-seater bullock cart and an elderly person jumped out of it. We stood mesmerized by this old person – with white hair and long flowing beard like white silken thread which reached up to his waist.

Seeing the bewilderment in our faces, he asked, “Where is your father?” with a twinkle in his bright bird like eyes. “Gone to courts,” we said in unison. “Oh no” he said and walked into the house.

Our mother had seen him from kitchen window. She came hurrying out and fell down at his feet and worshipped him. “Ah Manonmani, I have come for a tumbler of chukku coffee.” Mother went in to bring the chukku coffee. He turned and smiled at us. “Little girls are studying well?” We nodded still in silent awe. “Good, good,” he said. “That’s all that is left for you”. We didn’t understand the words then. But looking back, I fully understand the meaning of his words now.

This person whom mother referred to as Swamyar used to step in whenever he passed that way in his oneseater bullock cart. Mother had told us to fall at his feel and worship him and we mutely obeyed her.

However I was curious to know about him and by asking my parents and elders in our family circle and by reading some articles about him I gathered some interesting facts about him.

Yogarswmigal or Samyar as he was popularly called, was born in an orthodox Saivaite family in Maviddapuram, close to Keerimalai, north of Jaffna. His father was the well known Saivaite Ambalavanar and his mother was Sinnachiamma. Their son Yoganathan (who later became Yogarswamy) was born on May 29, 1872. Ambalavanar’s brother Sinnaiah was married to a Catholic woman from Colombuthurai. He was converted to Catholicism and he was named Joseph. As Ambalavanar was a businessman, his brother Joseph undertook the responsibility of educating Yoganathan.

As Saiva schools were few at Colombuthurai Yoganathan was educated at St. Patrick’s College. He was given the

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Christian name of John, as was wont in the colonial era.

Yoganathan studied till eighth standard. As his mother died early, his paternal aunt didn’t like the idea of him studying in a catholic school. As a result he was stopped at home.

Later he went to Maskeliya and was given a small job.

It seemed once he went to Adam’s Peak. He was awestruck at nature’s extravagance. He started talking to himself. “All this is true”. “I belong to God Siva”. “He owns me”. “I’ll go in search of Him” – Seeing him like this his father sent him back to Jaffna.

At that time there was some construction work going on at Iranamadu, under an engineer called Brown.

Yoganathan applied for a job and was appointed as store keeper. Brown seeking his duty consciousness had a high regard for him. But Yoganathan’s thirst for spiritualism got the better of him. He wanted to give up his job to search for the Truth. Reluctantly Brown let him go his way. He went back to Maviddapuram. From there he would daily trek the distance to Nallur.

I heard my elders that one day when he was at the starting place of the “Ther” the chariot, another Sithar called Chellappaswamy stared at him and asked him, “Hey, who are you?” Then and there Yoganathan became his disciple. He was in fact his one and only disciple. There was another swamy who joined them. He was a hermit called Kathiravel Swamy. It seemed all three of them lived together and walked about together. They would cook together, ate together and sometimes would break the chatty pots and go hungry. People called them the made trio.

At Colombuthurai there was a well known Siva devotee by the name of Sittampalam Sambandan. In his compound was a huge Illupai tree and Yogarswamy would sit under it and meditate. Near this place was a deserted boutique.

One Thirunavukkarasu renovated it and put up a small hut in the premises and requested Samiyar to be there. This became his Colombuthurai Ashram (hermitage).

Once people heard of Samiyar and his Ashram, they started flocking there. Father took us at least once a month to pay our respects to him. Those who sought spiritual wisdom went there and so were those who sent to Samiyar to pour out their troubles and worries and to have them solved. Samiyar gave people what they wanted.

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jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹ half way up and he could eat string hoppers to his heart’s content. The devotee obeyed him. On the way up there was a boutique providing string hoppers for breakfast. The devotee said in his article, that 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ on another occasion he went to Adam’s peak and there was no sign of a boutique at that spot!

I got to translate an article by a cousin of mine who was a doctor. In his article the doctor said that Samyar expressed great sorrow because the doctor’s elder brother was going to be left alone. His words came true when he was forsaken by his wife and the children were all abroad.

That cousin died a lonely uncared for death.

Another devotee had written that a professor from Madras had come to Jaffna to give a lecture on literary topics. Just the day before he lost his voice.

Doctors who examined him said it cannot be cured.

“See Samyar” they advised him. The devotee took the professor to Samiyar. Samiyar said, “Young man, go and lecture in the evening and come”. Miraculously the professor found his voice.

Close home I like to relate a small incident which proved Samy’s ability of bilocation. The last time father took us to Swamyar was in 1963. My younger sister Sivam was suffering from rheumatic arthritis. She told me, “Sister how can I come? I cannot bend my knees, worship him nor can I sit down.” I told her, “Don’t worry Samyar would make some arrangements.” “How do you know?” she asked. I told her of Samy’s power of bilocation. “Even this minute he is here listening to you.” We went. There was a chair. “Neeyum Sivam Naanum Sivam.” “Sit on the chair,” he said.

Sivam was overwhelmed. Samy is no more. But the soul is there. The soul that cannot be washed away by water, destroyed by fire. That supreme spirit is Sivam. So the mystic moves among us, his devotees in astral form.

Like any Sithar Samiyar also performed miracles.

Sithars are capable of bilocation. They would know the past, present and future too. Devotees have given proven incidents of miracles. But more than all these both Chellappah Swamy and Yogaswamy came out with utterances summing up the mystery of the Cosmos.

“It’s one world and one God above” “We are born because of our past karma” “We know nothing” “There’s no harm in the world” Were the utterances of Chellappah Swamy, Yogaswamy’s guru.

Yogaswamy often said, “No harm at all” “It was all set long ago” “We know not” “The entire thing is true” A western write, Dr. Christian Dyer says in his book, “A promise is a promise”, “Nothing that happens in this universe happens accidentally. Everything orchestrated by a divine force…….” It’s almost like what the mystics said.

“God without whom not one hair of a man’s head falls,” said Leo Tolstoy in his “War and Peace”. East or west the concept of the Divine force, the unseen hand and how it makes the cosmos function is acceptable to both East and West and on this point the twin shell meet.

Talking of miracles performed by this sage of Jaffna, I wish to quote one or two incidents of what happened to his devotees. An year ago I had the god fortune of translating a few articles written by Swamy’s devotees in the book, “Yogaswamy – his life and guidance” published by the Sivathondan Centre he established. In one instance as related by that devotee Samyar has asked him to accompany him to Adam’s Peak in his car. The devotee readily agreed and on the set day he loaded a few boxes. When Samyar questioned him he told he was brining some string hoppers and curries to eat on the way to the peak. Swamyar told him to keep them behind as there will be a boutique somewhere

There are many ways. All religions give different ways. You must follow your own path. No one can tell you anything.

Do your own work. I am not master of anyone. I am only my own master. Each is his own master. He must discover the master in him from within. This is the secret.

All are my master. I am learning from everyone. I pick from everyone what I want and pass on, and they too. You must experience this and you will know the Truth.

You can't love others-you can only love yourself.

ïªJ xË

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jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

Yoga Swamigal - a great visionary T. Sivaprakasam Colombo - 06

50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

H istory has recorded incarnation of many

He lived a simple life among the ordinary as an ordinary human is a perfect example to others. He could have lived a luxurious and splendid life like others but he was sent from a different purpose.

According to me he is a world benefactor while in corporeal or his angelic form. His words of wisdom as recorded in few books are living truths are treasures cannot be destroyed. What is required is one has to go deep within to get the essence just as one has to go deeper and deeper to harvest pearls in the ocean.

It is said one who controls the mind can conquer the world. Swamji had proved this to be true in his practical life. He is highly introverted personality. One who is introverted can only control and use the senses under direction. Late Mr. Vairamuthu a C.C.S. in his book says, “he was amazed to observe Yogaswami seated in tense tapasya for hours forgotton the environment, forgotton himself and me who is seated in front of him.” However he encourages an average man ten to fifteen minutes per day or a maximum of one hour is suffice.

Suisanaga Weeraperma an admirer and a devotee of Yogaswami in his book titled “Homage to Yogaswamy” states – “Once Yogaswamy told an American lady “there is only one temple and that is the temple of yourself and to find God you have to know the temple of yourself!” When this lady asked can’t Christ and Buddha help us, Swami replied they saved themselves through their own efforts. Each man for himself in this spiritual effort. Don’t believe anyone who promises to help you. No one will help because no one can. Another may point the path but you have to do the walking.

In human life, war between one’s intellect and destiny continues. Man thinks that he can win what was destined with his limited intellect but mostly he fails. What is his intellect? Who has given such intellect? If one consider that he has a powerful intellect, it is his ego. How one has a powerful

mahatmas time to time on this earth especially in Bharat considered as a charitable land, identified as Religious Gurus rishies, Munis, Shadus, Saints, Sages and Holymen, Prophets, Philosophers, Reformists and so on. Everyone had played their role as destined for the upliftment of human kind.

In this line, a great renounciate, a man of super intellectual integrity, a far seeing sage, a great thinker and a reformer of modern age, a complete yogi who sow pearls of wisdom among the living and the future generations to come is non other than the one who was fondly, lovingly and respectfully called by all, including a village urchin to common man as Yoga Swami. A blessed child of God was born in the northern part of this land is a gift of God to humanity.

Although born in an ordinary family, he was born great to accomplish the Godly task. He is not a teacher or a preacher, even dislike any one called him ‘guru’. He is not a founder of spiritual or any other organization or a follower of any sectarian body. He stood as an independent person maintained his distinctive character, faced whatever odds and challenges with his inborn courage and continued to perform his magnificent task only with the concern man has to change by himself to see a better society and for his liberation from this bonded life. He inspired everyone that this can be achieved while being in one’s family path.

Swamy’s power of yoga is great that he could effect a powerful connection almost instantly with the supreme God at any moment and at any place. Samiji who played his role as destined in the world stage, felt the pulse and the needs of everyone who sought guidance without creating any differences among the seekers. Sometimes, spoke lawfully but lovingly blended with merciful feelings is his greatness a man bayed human recognition. ïªJ xË

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jt¤âU átnahf RthÄfË‹

intellect, the other has an average yet another a poor intellect. These are matters for self-checking.

When Swami says “action can be settled by action”, we have to perform good karma in this given life to absolve the old karmic debts. “Disease for the body not for me” is swamy’s teaching. So when the body suffers settlement takes place. “A stone thrown up above has to come down” an elevated version connected to law of karma is simple and understandable.

Man-kind suffers a lot from the disease of negativity is the worse. His thinking, speaking, doing, relationship and connection not straight. In such a state, if the pearls of wisdom can be sown among the public that can be considered as a most beneficial service to humanity who suffers internally and externally in numerous ways today.

Once a saint said that if he could give a bit of light to the public that can be considered as a great service. But in this, Yogaswami an spiritual and mental philanthropist gave orb of light to the world and appear as a world server. His jewels of knowledge surely can transom any as a better person.

“What he imparted in his characteristically casual manner will always remain living truths, a source of inspiration to all. The experience of conversing with a living master in a memorable interview was far more instructive than reading many books relating to the ageless spiritual and philosophical wisdom” a quote from ‘Homage to Yogaswamy’ is a sincere appreciation to a genuine sage who always maintained a balance.

When I put his image in front of me a great deal of thoughts flows from the inner-most being but as I cannot narrate all here, limit my presentation, and I am thankful to all concerned having given an opportunity to write few lines in this memorable day of this great yogi. In concluding I am inspired to think that the powerful thought viberations of many decades from this great yogi continue to benefit wherever he put his feet on this earth.

50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

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átnahf RthÄfŸ I«gjhtJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

jt¤âU átnahf® RthÄfË‹

rptNahf Rthkpfspd; ,Wjp ahj;jpiu 50tJ FUóir áw¥ãjœ

Rthkpfspd; fbjk; ehd; cq;fSf;F nrhy;yf;$baJ xd;Wz;L. ePq;fs; cq;fs; flikia tOthJ nra;Aq;fs;. cq; f Sf; F g; gfthd; ey; y Us; Ghpthh; . vy; y hUf; F k; vd; md; g hh; e ; j tzf; f j; i jr; nra;fpNwd;. “nra;td jpUe;jr;nra; %j;Njhh; thh;j;ij mkph;jk;” ïªJ xË

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