Eve of a hundred midnights : the star-crossed love story of two World War II correspondents and...

The Star- Crossed Love Story of Two WWII Correspondents and Their Epic Escape Across the Pacific

~~CA/ HUNDRED MIDNIGHTS 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111

The Star-Crossed Love Story of Two World War II Correspondents and Their Epic Escape Across the Pacific

BILL LASCHER

William Morrow

An Imprint of Harper CollinsPublishers

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EVE OF A HUNDRED MIDNIGHTS . Copyright Š 2016 by Bill Lascher. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews.

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FIRST EDITION

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data has been applied for.

ISBN 978-0-06-237520-9 16 17 18 19 20

OV/ RRD

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

CONTENTS

THAT STAGE OF THE GAME ... . .. . ... . ....... 1

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" WHY SHOULD I CO NTRIBUTE A LITTLE MORE TRASH? " ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13

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1- " THE ITCH IS PERPETUAL" .. . ..... . . . . . ... . . . 42 3

THE VOICE OF CHINA ............. . .... . .... 70

4

THE HAIPHONG INCIDENT ....... . " . . ....... 98

5

A TRUE HOLLYWOOD STOR y .... . . . . . ... . . .. 125

b " I' LL BE CAREFUL" ...... .. ....... . .......... 143 '1 " NOTHING BUT TWISTED STICKS " . .. . .. . .. ... 170

1

" HE TYPES ON THE DESK , AND I TYPE ON THE DRESSING TABLE" ...... . ......... . . 190

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INFAMy .......... . ....... . . . .. . ...... . . . ... 223

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f o INTO THE BLACKNESS BEyOND . . . . . . . .. ... 255

f f FALSE CONVOY ........ .. . . .. . ........ . .... 290 f2. "ALMOST TOO GOOD TO BE TRUE " .... . . . . . . 328

f3 SOLDIER OF THE PRESS .... .. . . .... .. ... . .. 349

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HUNDRED MIDNIGHTS

INDEX

Abend, Hallett, 64-65, 116, 147, 149 Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA), 133-35 American Clipper, 160-65 American Volunteer Group (Flying Tigers), 118, 178-79,226 Andy Hardy Meets Debutante (film), 135-36, 13~ 138-39 anti-Communism, 363, 364 Arcadia conference (1942), 262 Asia magazine, 149, 177-78 Austerland, Shirlee, 53, 58, 78, 93, 110-11, 120-21, 156 Australia sojourn, 328-38 arrival, 328-31 fall of Bataan and, 334-36 Mrs Darwin trip planning, 339-44 reporting, 332-34, 337 Bai Chongxi (Pai Chung-hsi), 26 Barnett, Eugene E., 145 Barnett, Robert, 359 Bataan Death March, 335 Bataan Peninsula, 5-6 air defense, 270-71 surrender of, 334-35 U.S. troops removal to, 5-6, 8, 236, 241,259-61 "The Battling Bastards of Bataan" (Hewlett), 278 Bean, Nancy, 365 Belden, Jack, 80 Bellaire, Robert, 104, 107, 110, Ill, 112

Blaine, James G., 145 Blind Date with Mars (Moats), 115 Brett, Lt. Gen. George, 339 Brines, Russell, 221-22 Buck, Pearl, 145, 157-58,361 Bulkeley, Lt. John D., 288, 326 Bullitt, William c., 145 Burgess, R. Louis, 134-35 Bush, Chilton, 55, 56, 119, 127,364 Buss, Claude, 237 Byrd, Maj. Cornelius, 304, 306, 313, 315 Canton, 24 Canuto, Joaquin, 231 Carlson, Evans, 153 Carson, Lew, 308 arrival in Australia, 329 Cebu sojourn, 302, 305, 306, 307,308 Dona Nati escape, 313, 315 Princesa de Cebu escape, 287, 299-300 Carter, Jack, 30-31 Casey, Gen. Hugh, 242 Catholic Church, 258 Caulfield, Harry, 35-36, 40-41, 43, 48,148 CBS, 119 Cebu, 279-80, 282 Cebu sojourn, 300-313 Cebu environment, 303-4, 306-7 defenses, 305, 307 escape plans, 309, 312-13 Japanese attack, 305-6 MJ-AWJ relationship during, 307-9

400

Index

Cebu sojourn (cont.) personal radio messages, 300-301, 302-3,309 photographs of, 308 reporting, 309-11 "This Is Our Battle" book manuscript work, 310 See also Dona Nati escape censorship. See wartime press conditions Cerf, Bennett, 332 Chambers, Whittaker, 363 Chang, T. K., 71, 72 Chang Hsueh-liang (Zhang Xueliang), 28-29 Chan Ka Yik, 25-26, 30-33, 34-35, 50, 51,53-54 Chiang, Madame. See Soong, Mayling Chiang Kai-shek {Jiang Jieshi) air raid shelter disaster (June 1941) and,174 AWJ's United China Reliefworkand, 201 censorship and, 180-81 Chungking capital move, 76 Keller on, 49 Luce's support for, 364 Marco Polo Bridge incident, 39 Pai Chung-hsi and, 26 Sian incident, 28-29, 31, 36, 37 Sino-Japanese negotiations (1937), 43-44 Wilkie invitation, 152 See also Kuomintang China Clipper, 58, 161 China Press, 65 China Week, 151-52. See also United China Relief Ching, George (Ching Ta-Min), 25-26, 33,51,53,60 Ching, Teddy, 158 Chou En-lai (Zhou Enlai), 76, 182 Christian Science, 15, 129,272 Chungking air raid shelter disaster (June 1941), 170-76 AWJ sojourn (1943), 362-63 photos of, 75, 85, 91 reunion visit (1985), 366-67 See also Mrs Chungking sojourn (1941); Mrs Chungking Voice of China job (1940) Churchill, Mike, 139 Churchill, Winston, 262 Click magazine, 149, 161 Clipper planes, 58, 151, 160-65,215 Close, Winton "Whimp" Ralph, 18-19,53

Cole, Peggy, 1-2,370-73 Communist Chinese anti-Communism and, 364 Chou En-lai editorial, 182 Kuomintang tensions with, 166-67, 181-82 Long March, 28 New Fourth Army incident, 166-67, 181 Sian incident and, 28-29, 31, 36, 37 Soong sisters and, 88 United China Relief and, 144, 152 United Front, 29, 39, 166, 167 See also Sino-Japanese War Corregidor fall of, 343 MacArthur evacuation from, 281-82,284,326 U.S. troops removal to, 5-6, 8, 236, 238,241,242-43,255-56,259-61 See also Corregidor sojourn "Corregidor Cable No. 79" (Jacoby), 311 Corregidor sojourn, 262-70, 271-79 arrival, 255, 256-61 AWrs experience, 268-69 Corregidor environment, 255-56, 258-61,265-66,267-68,276-78 escape plans, 279-80, 282-85 "Europe First" strategy and, 261-62, 279,280-81 MJ-AWJ collaborations, 264-65, 275 MJ-AWJ relationship during, 271-73 personal radio messages, 273-74 press conditions, 263-64, 279 reporting from, 262-63, 271, 274-76, 278-79,311 Romulo friendship, 266-67 U.S. reinforcement hopes, 262, 267, 270,271,279 See also Princesa de Cebu escape Cox, James, 64 Crowther, Bosley, 139 Dale, Lt. Jack, 346 Deane, Hugh, 25, 26, 27, 79, 80, 367 Decoux, Adm. Jean, 105, 107, 108, 110 Dee Chuan Lumber Company, 240-41, 244 de Lisle, Daniel Armand, 115, 116 DeMille, Cecil B., 13-14 Diller, Lt. Col. LeGrande "Pick", 224-25,25~260,284-85,331,341

Disney, Walt, 160 Donald, W. H., 94 Dona Nati escape, 312-27 arrival in Australia, 326-27, 328-29

Index

home worries, 322, 325-26 leaving Cebu, 314-18 Lexington encounter, 322-23 open ocean environment, 319-20 plans for, 312-14 "This Is Our Battle" book manuscript work, 323-24 See also Australia sojourn Dong Xianguang. See Tong, Hollington "Holly" Douglas Airview magazine, 357 Dunn, William J., 209, 214, 241, 331 Durdin, peggy, 80, 81, 140,331,342,366-67 Durdin, Tillman, 63, 80, 140, 180, 187, 242, 331, 366-67

East-West Association, 361, 362 Epstein, Israel, 80 escape from the Philippines La Florecita escape to Corregidor, 244,249-51,255-57 Manila escape plans,S, 6-9, 235, 237-38,239-46 Manila press community Christmas celebrations, 235 preparations to leave Manila, 246-49 publicity for, 328-29, 336, 337, 338 See also Cebu sojourn; Corregidor sojourn; Dona Nati escape; Princesa de Cebu escape "Europe First" strategy, 225-26, 234, 261-62, 280-81

Fadiman, Anne (AWI's daughter), 133, 268-69,272,351,362,363,368 Fadiman, Clifton (AWI's second husband),365-66,36~368

Field Artillery Journal, 264 Fisher, F. McCracken "Mac", 45 Fisher, Mac, 174 Fitch, Kempton, 37 Fitzgerald, F. Scott, 137 La Florecita escape to Corregidor, 244, 249-51,255-57 Floyd, Nat, 246, 278 Flying Tigers (American Volunteer Group), 118, 178-79,226 Foley, Walter Brooks, 218-19 Foreign Correspondents Club of China, 181 French, Paul, 64 Fumimaro, Konoye, 44

401

Gabell, Phyllis, 163 Gable, Clark, 358 Ganap Party, 258 Garside, B. A., 144-45 Gates, Artemus L., 145 George, Brig. Gen. Harold H. "Pursuit Hal", 270, 338, 339-40, 346, 347 Gibson, Charles Dana,S Gibson, E. Kay,S Golden Gate International Exhibition (1939-1940),58-59,60 The Good Earth (Buck), 145, 157-58 Gould, Randall, 61, 64, 68, 79, 81, 82, 116, 152 Graham, Betty, 81 Graham, David Crockett, 198, 199 Great Depression, 39, 128, 133-35 Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, 105,258 Grew, Joseph, us Guillumette, Paul, 147

Haas, Robert, 332 Hahn, Emily, U8 Hahn, Mickie, 164 Haiphong incident (1940), 8,112-16,141 Hanoi, 102-5. See also Indochina Hastings, William, 244, 250, 251, 256 Held, Alacia, 72, 169 Hemlock SOciety, 367 Hersey, John, 147-48, 151, 157,208 Hewlett, Frank, 246, 278, 342 Hindson, Curtis, 246, 278 Hoffman, Paul G., 145 Hollywood AMI's career, 135-39, 155, 190-91 MI's origins in, 13-15 United China Relief support, 157-58, 159-60 Hong Kong, 70-7l, 117-18,206-7,208 Hong Xiuqian, 26 Honky Tonk (film), 139, 190 Hook, Second Lt. William, 344-45 Huff, Lt. Col. Sidney, 225, 284-85, 331, 341 Hughes, Mrs. James E., 145 Hulburd, David, 218, 274, 300, 309, 322, 325-26, 328, 356. See also Time magazine Hull, Cordell, 43, 274 Ind, Col. Allison, 339, 344, 345, 348 Indochina, 98 Japanese occupation, 103-4, 105, 108-9, 110, 112-15

402

Index

Indochina (cont.)

Kunming-Haiphong railway attacks, 98-99 MJ's trip to (1940), 100-105 See also MJ's United Press job (Indochina) Institute for Pacific Relations (IPR), 59, 60, 119, 143 International House project (Stanford University),52-53 Jacoby, Annalee Whitmore (AWn, 7 Agricultural Adjustment Administration job, 133-35 appearance, 131 Arizona State University conference (1982),366 Captiva residence, 367 Chungking arrival (1941), 194-98 Chungking reunion visit (1985), 366-67 death of, 367-68 early journalism career, 129-31, 132, 133-35 early life, 128-29 engagement to MJ, 202-6, 207-8, 213-15 gender breakthroughs of, 129, 132-33 Hollywood career, 135-41, 155, 190-91 idiosyncratic shorthand of, 137 Japanese approach to Manila, 7-9 Mrs death and, 349-50, 351, 352, 353-59 MJ's reconnection with, 127-28, 141-42, 155-58 MJ correspondence (1941),189,191-92 photographic memory of, 130, 136-37,310 photographs of, 220 photography by, 275, 335 relationship with Elza Meyberg, 354, 356-57,358-59 relationship with MJ, 221, 271-73, 307-9,368 Shinno family and, 361-62 Thunder Out of China, 363-64, 365 Time magazine correspondent job (1943),362-63 travel to China (1941), 192-95 United China Relief job (Chungking, 1941),192,199-200,201-2 university years, 20, 127, 129-33, 134 wedding, 8, 218-21 See also Philippines invasion threat (1941) Jacoby, Elza Stern. See Meyberg, Elza Stern Jacoby

Jacoby, Melville (Mrs father), 14, 15 Jacoby, Melville Jack (Mn appearance, 18 artifacts of, 1-3, 310, 370-73 aviation training, 30, 346 AWJ's reconnect ion with, 127-28, 141-42,155-58 Bay Area visit (1942), 126-27 Chichibu Maru voyage (1937),49-50 childhood writing, 17 China travels (1937), 35-38, 40-41, 42-46 death of, 344-48, 349-55, 371, 372 early journalism career, 20, 27-28, 45,51-52,54-58,59-60 early life, 14-18 engagement to AWJ, 202-6, 207-8, 213-15 film interests, 45, 46 grand tour, 21-22 Japanese approach to Manila, 7-9 Japan travels (1937),47-48 job search (1941), 146-51, 158 military draft and, 110, 149, 154, 157, 261,326,337 NBC radio stringer job (1941), 150, 151,168,186,212 photographs of, 2, 16,46, 79, 93, 185, 220 relationship with AWL 221, 271-73, 307-9,368 return to the United States (1942), 119-22 Shanghai sojourn (1939),61-67 Stanford master's studies, 54-58, 59 Time magazine correspondent job (1941),168,176,177 "Tony Tramp" nickname, 19 travel bug, 49-50 university years, 18-20,51-54 wedding, 8,218-21 See also headings beginning with MJ Japanese-American internment, 361, 362 Jasper, Lt. Robert, 347 Jiang Jieshi. See Chiang Kai-shek Johnson, Capt. Alexander, 313 Johnson, Eugene, 48, 148 Judah, Chet, 244, 250, 251, 256 Kawananakoa, Lydia Liliuokalani, 217 Keller, Helen, 49-50 Killery, Valentine, 162-63 King, Maj. Gen. Edward P., 334 Kirkland, Wallace, 355 Kline, John, 21 Korea, 47 Kreiner, Charles, 175-76

Index

Kung, H. H., 79, 87, 196, 198. See also Soong, Ay-ling Kunming-Haiphong railway attacks (1940),98-99 Kuomintang Chungking capital move, 76-77 Communist Chinese tensions with, 166-67, 181-82 Lingnan students' opinions of, 27 Marco Polo Bridge (Lugouqiao) incident, 38-39, 40 New Life Movement, 31, 201-2 Sian incident, 28-29, 31, 36, 37 United China Relief as benefit for, 144,152 Wang Ching-wei agent network and, 63-64 _ See also Mrs Chungking Voice of China job (1940); Sino-Japanese War; Voice of China

Lamont, Thomas W., 145 Lanchow, 182-83 Laos, 116-17 Lascher, Bill, 173 Lasky, Jesse, 13-14 Lattimore, Owen, 177 Leaf, Earl, 71, 72, 94, 146-47, 151, 157, 192,206 Lee, Clark Cebu sojourn, 302, 304, 307, 308 Corregidor sojourn, 258, 263, 268, 278 Dona Nati escape, 313, 315, 316, 320, 321-22,323,327 La Florecita escape to Corregidor, 249-51,255-57 friendship with MJ, 217-18 Manila escape plans, 235, 239, 243, 244,249 Manila press community Christmas celebrations, 235 panda diplomacy and, 221-22 Pearl Harbor attack news and, 227 preparations to leave Manila, 246 Princesa de Cebu escape, 283-84, 287,294,299-300 Lee, Warren, 183 Lee Ya-Ching, 153 Lehman, Herbert, 152 Leitao, Carlos, 30, 71 Leitao, Marie, 30, 51, 71, 156 Lend-Lease Act (1941),154,177 Leonard, Royal, 178, 194,223

403

Leong, Charles 1., 54, 56-58 Liberty magazine, 265, 276 Life magazine. See Mrs reporting for Life magazine Lombard, Carole, 358 Long March, 28 Los Angeles Times, 78 Luce, Clare Boothe, 161,219,355 Luce, Henry R. Chambers and, 363 Europe front priority, 355 Mrs job hunt (1941) and, 166 MJ-AWJ reporting from Corregidor and,311 MJ-AWJ wedding and, 219 MJ Time Far East bureau job offer, 200-201 northwestern frontier reporting (1941) and, 181, 182 Philippines invasion threat (1941) and,240 Princesa de Cebu escape and, 299-300 Thunder Out of China and, 364 travel to China (1941), 161, 163-64, 165, 166 United China Relief and, 143-44, 145, 146, 151, 153-54, 159-60 See also Mrs reporting for Life magazine; Time magazine Ludwig, William, 137, 138-39 Lugouqiao (Marco Polo Bridge) incident (1937), 38-39, 40

MacArthur, Arthur, 334 MacArthur, Gen. Douglas Australia headquarters, 329, 330 Corregidor escape plans and, 279-80, 282-84 Corregidor sojourn and, 261-62, 278-79 Manila evacuation, 281-82, 284, 326 Mrs death and, 371 Mrs photograph of, 333 MJ-AWJ wedding and, 220 Open City declaration, 5, 236-37, 281 Philippines invasion threat (1941), 5-6,225-26,227,239 reporters escape and, 257 MacArthur, Jean, 284 McCarthy, Joseph, 364 McCurdy, Bill, 131 MacDaniel, Yates, 107 McEvoy, Dennis, 223

404

Index

McNamara, Robert, 129 Mactan (hospital ship), 4-5, 239-40 Magellan, Ferdinand, 210 Manila, 208-10 Open City declaration,S, 236-37, 281 war preparations in, 229-31, 233-34 See also Mrs Time bureau chief job; Philippines; Philippines invasion threat (1941) Mao Tse-tung (Mao Zedong), 28 March of Time (radio series), 338, 372 Marco Polo Bridge (Lugouqiao) incident (1937), 38-39, 40 Marks, Jackee, 206, 370-73 Marshall, Ray, 59 Martin, Gen. Maurice, 103, 110 Martinpantz, Pierre, 106-7 Meisenhelder, Ed, 148 Melville Jacoby (ship), 369-70, 373-75 Merrell, Bud, 31 Meyberg, Elza Stern Jacoby (Mrs mother) AWrs arrival in Chungking and, 196 AWrs United China Relief job and, 192 Corregidor sojourn and, 278 death of, 370 Dona Nati escape and, 322 loss of daughter Marilyn, 20 Mrs birth and, 14 Mrs death and, 349-50, 354 Mrs early life and, 15-16 Mrs return to the United States (1942) and, 121-22 MJ-AWJ engagement and, 204, 206, 208 relationship with AWL 354, 356-57, 358-59 Meyberg, Manfred (Mrs stepfather), 16-1~20,33,54,204,206

MGM, 136-39, 158, 162, 191, 192,272, 356. See also Hollywood Michie, Allan, 218, 223 "Missouri Mafia", 65, 67 Mitter, Rana, 39, 40, 76 Mrs Chungking sojourn (1941) air raid shelter disaster (June 1941), 170-76 AWrs arrival, 194-98 AWJcorrespondence, 189, 191-92 censorship, 180-81, 182, 195 Chungking environment, 167-68 engagement to AWL 202-6, 207-8 Far East bureau job offer, 200-201 Mydans friendship, 7-8, 182-85, 187-89 northwestern frontier reporting, 182-84 Time magazine correspondent job, 168, 176, 177, 188

travel to China, 160-65, 166 United China Reliefwork, 152-53, 157,160,198-200,216 U.S. war role and, 177-79 Voice of China job offer, ISO-51, 168-69 working conditions, 168-69, 186-87 Mrs Chungking Voice of China job (1940), 70-97 Chiang Kai-shek dinner, 152-53 Chungking environment, 74-78, 83-86,96-97 Chungking journalist community, 78-83 European war and, 95-96 job offer, 67-69, 72 Mrs daily schedule, 89-91 Mrs disillusionment with, 92-96, 99-100 Mrs journey to Chungking, 70-71 MJ job scope, 73-74 proximity to Chinese leadership, 86-89 Voice of China origins, 72-73 Mrs Lingnan University student exchange program, 22-35 friendships, 25-26, 30-33, 34-35 Kwangsi visit, 30-33 letters from, 23, 24-25 photo, 23 political context, 24, 26-27, 28-29 program overview, 20-21 Mrs photography American Clipper voyage, 163 Chungking, 75, 88, 91, 170 Chungking air raid shelter disaster, 174-76 Corregidor, 333, 334, 335 Douglas Airview magazine story, 357 Hanoi,102 job search (1941) and, 147 Mayling Soong, 87 Carl Mydans support for, 55, 184-85 Princesa de Cebu escape, 290, 299, 301,304 Mrs reporting for Life magazine anti-Communism and, 364-65 Cebu, 309, 310-11 Chungking air raid shelter disaster article, 174-76 Corregidor, 264, 274-75, 276, 278-79 fall of Bataan, 335 Indochina, 101, 103 northwestern frontier (1941), 182-84 photographs from Australia, 332-34

Index

Ml's reporting for Time magazine anti-Communism and, 363, 364-65 Cebu, 310-11 Corregidor, 264, 275-76, 278-79 correspondent job (1941), 168, 176, 177, 188 job offers, 96, 147-48 northwestern frontier (1941), 182 See also Ml's Time bureau chief job (Manila) Ml's Shanghai sojourn (1939), 61-67 international identity, 61-62 Japanese occupation, 62, 235 Jewish refugee community in, 66-67, 78 journalist community in, 64-66, 68 reporting, 66-67 Wang Ching-wei agent network, 63-64 Ml's Time bureau chief job (Manila), 208-13 contacts, 211-12 engagement and, 204-5, 213-15 Japanese attacks on the Philippines, 227-29 job offer, 200-201 Clark Lee friendship, 217-18 Manila environment, 208-10 panda diplomacy, 216, 221-22, 223-24 Pearl Harbor attack, 226-27 wedding, 218-21 See also Philippines invasion threat (1941) Ml's United Press job (Indochina), 105-18 Japanese occupation and, 108-9 job offer, 105-7 journalist community, 109 Ml's arrest in Haiphong (1940), 8, 112-16, 141 Ml's departure, 116-17 political difficulties, 1l0, 112 MJ and AWJ collaborations Corregidor reporting, 264-65 "This Is Our Battle" book manuscript, 310, 323-24, 332, 334, 336,33~355-56,358,359,372

War Brides screenplay (1941), 158, 162, In, 192,272 Moats, Alice-Leone, 115-16 Moore, Col. Joseph, 352 Morris, Eric, 225 Morris, John, 149 Mydans, Carl and Shelley Smith Arizona State University conference (1982),366

405

on AWL 133-34, 135, 137, 193 AWl's arrival in Chungking and, 198 on Chungking: 77 Chungking arrival (1941), 179 Manila internment, 286, 311, 325-26, 330,332,343-44,353 Manila war preparations, 230 Ml's friendship with, 7-8, 54-55, 182-85, 187-89 MJ-AWJ wedding role, 8, 218, 219 northwestern frontier reporting (1941), 182-84 Pearl Harbor attack, 226-27 Philippines invasion threat (1941), 235,239-40,241,245-46 photographs published in Life magazine,332-34 preparations to leave, 248-49 release of, 360 support for Ml's photography, 55, 184-85 Mydans, Shelley Smith. See Mydans, Carl and Shelley Smith Mynderse, J. Franklin "Frank", 18-19,53 "My Private Utopia" (Jacoby), 19 Nationalist Chinese. See Kuomintang NBC, 150, 151, 168, 186,212 Neville, Bob, 118 NewDeal,19 New Fourth Army incident (1941), 166-67,181 New Life Movement, 31, 201-2 The New Republic, 149,365 Newsweek magazine, 151, 161 New York Times, 64, 147, 149 Oakie, John, 95 Open City declaration, 5, 236-37, 281 "Ours Is Full of Holes" (Jacoby), 357 Pai Chung-hsi (Bai Chongxi), 26 panda diplomacy, 198-200,216, 221-22,223-24 Parker, Nancy, 147,355-56 Parsons, Louella, 272 Pearl Harbor attack (1941), 226-27, 280,361 Peng, Mike, 168 Peng Lo Shan, 72 "Philippine Epic" (Life magazine), 332-34,364-65

406

Index

Philippines colonial heritage, 209-10 defense of, 5-6, 225-26 Japanese attacks on (1941), 227-30 See also escape from the Philippines; Manila; Philippines invasion threat Philippines invasion threat (1941), 4-6, 231-35

collaborators, 258-59, 293 danger to reporters, 8, 238-39 "Europe First" strategy and, 261-62 Manila war preparations, 5, 229-31, 233-34,237

MJ Luzon/Lingayen visit, 231-33 Open City declaration, 5, 236-37, 281 U.S. reinforcement hopes, 5, 234-35, 262,26~270,293,298

U.S. troops removal to Corregidor, 5-6,8,236,238,241,242-43, 255-56,259-61

See also escape from the Philippines "Photo Joe", 292 Pola, 291-95 Pons, Ramon, 312-13. See also Dona Nati escape Pratt, F. D., 325, 328 Princesa de Cebu escape, 285-89, 290-300

arrival in Cebu, 300-302 Estancia, 299-300 Mantia Bay, 288-89 photographs of, 290, 296, 299, 301, 304

plans for, 279-80, 282-85 Pola, 291-95 waiting for the ship, 285-87 Quezon, Manuel, 209, 210, 226, 237, 371

Rockefeller, John D., III, 145 Rockwell, Rear Adm. Frank, 316 Rodevitch, Maya, 79 Romulo, Carios, 266-67, 294, 340-41, 342-43

Roosevelt, Eleanor, 145-46 Roosevelt, Franklin, 177, 262, 280, 281 Roosevelt, Theodore, Jr., 145 Rouverol, Aurania, 138 Rozanski, Mordechai, 65 Sakdalista Party, 258, 293 San Francisco Chronicle, 59-60, 78, 94 Sayre, Francis B., 209, 237, 274 Scudder, Col. Irving c., 305 Second Sino-Japanese War. See SinoJapanese War Secret Agent of Japan (Vespa), 212 Seller, Thomas, 136, 138-39, 192,359 Selznick, David 0., 145, 146, 158, 159 Shanghai Press, 65 Sharp, Gen. William F., 305 Shinno, Luie, 361-62 Shinno, Ruth, 361 Shippe~Lee,

125-26

Sian incident (1936), 28-29, 31, 36, 37 Sigma Delta Chi (Society of Professional Journalists), 52, 56 Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) Canton air raids (1937), 50-51 Chungking air raids, 84-86, 91-92 Flying Tigers, 118, 178-79,226 Indochina occupation, 103-4, 105, 108-9,110,112-15

journalist reporting on, 6 Keller on, 49 Kunming-Haiphong railway attacks, 98-99

Kuomintang-Communist tensions, 166-67, 181-82

Ramos, Benigno, 258 Rand, Peter, 83 Rape of Nanking (1937), 8, 62-63, 242 Rappe, Bertram, 187, 196-97,216 Reader's Digest, 140 Reagan, Ronald, 272 Redmond, Juanita, 344-45 Reed, Charies, 112, 113, 114, 115, 117 Reuters, 65, 68-69 Rice, John, 127, 142 Rice, Jonathan, 60 Richardson, Gen. Robert, 148 Rinden, Robert, 113-15 Rivers, George, 302

Lingnan students' opinions of, 27 Marco Polo Bridge incident, 38-39, 40 Mrs U.S. government connections, 148,154

Mrs visit to Peiping during (1937), 42-46 MJ reports on (1937), 44, 46, 51 negotiations (1937), 43-44 New Fourth Army incident, 166-67, 181 northwestern frontier (1941), 181-84 Rape of Nanking, 62-63, 242 Shippey interview with MJ, 125-26 Sian incident, 28-29, 31, 36, 37 U.S. role, 118, 148-49, 154, 162, 177-79

Inde x

See also United China Relief; wartime press conditions Skolsky, Sidney, 137, 139, 190 Smith, May, 54-55 Smith, Paul, 59 Smith, Shelley. See Mydans, Carl and Shelley Smith Snow, Ed, 118, 153 Snow, Helen Foster, 81 Somewhere I'll Find You (film), 358 Song Zheyuan, 38-39 Soong, Ay-ling (Soong Ailing) (Madame H. H. Kung), 87, 164, 208, 222 Soong, Mayling (Soong Meiling) (Madame Chiang) AWl's work for, 201-2, ~05 , 238 Chungking residence (1940), 87 Ml's death and, 371 Ml's interviews with, 94, 118 MJ-AWJ wedding and, 220-21, 222 New Life Movement and, 31, 201-2 panda diplomacy and, 198, 199,216 Soong, T. V., 87 Soong Ching-ling (Soong Qingling) (Madame Sun), 87-88, 118, 164 So Proudly We Hail (film), 359 Sorel, Nancy Caldwell, 140,202, 245-46 Spanish Civil War, 22, 39 Spanish flu epidemic, 15 Sproul, Robert G., 145 Stanford University AWl's years at, 20,127,129-33, 134 Ml's masters' studies at, 54-58, 59 Ml's undergraduate years at, 18-20, 51-54 Steele, Archibald Trojan, 107 Stern, Jackee, 350-51 Stern, Jacob, 14, 15 Stern, Peggy, 350-51 Stimson, Henry, 371 Stuart, Charles E., 71-72, 73,157,169, 192 Sullivan, Walter, 366 Sun, Madame (Soong Ching-ling), 87-88, 118, 164 Sutherland, Maj. Gen. Richard K., 284 Swift, Otis P., 157

Tai Li (Dai Li), 76 Taiping Rebellion, 26 Tee-Van, John, 223-24 Theta Sigma Phi (Association for Women in Communications), 132

407

"This Is Our Battle" book manuscript (Jacoby & Jacoby), 310, 323-24, 332, 334, 336, 330355-56, 358,359, 372 Thompson, Polly, 49-50 Through the Looking Glass (French), 64 Thunder Out of China (White & Jacoby), 363-64, 365 Time magazine escape from the Philippines and, 240,328-29 Ml's death and, 355 See also Luce, Henry R.; Ml's reporting for Time magazine; Ml's Tim e bureau chief job (Manila) Time Views the News (radio program), 362 Timperley, H. J., 151, 157, 192, 212 Tish (film), 191 Tolley, Rear Adm. Kemp, 312 Tong, Hollington "Holly" (Dong Xianguang) AWl's United China Relief work and, 201 , 207- 8 censorship and, 180 Chungking journalist community and, 79,80 Ml's disillusionment with Voice of China job and, 92, 96, 100 MJ-AWJ engagement and, 207- 8 MJ-AWJ wedding and, 222 MJ Voice of China job offer, 67- 68, 69, 72 Voice of China working conditions and,74, 119, 150- 51 Tripartite Pact, 109 Tyler, Lt. J. w., 346 "Unheavenly City" (Jacoby), 77, 91, 96 United China Relief AWl's work for (1941),158, 160, 192, 199-200,201-2,216 AWl's work for (1942), 359 China Week, 151-54 committee members, 144-46 Hollywood meeting, 159-60 Ml's work for (1941), 152- 53, 157, 160, 198- 200,216 origins of, 143- 44 panda diplomacy, 198-200, 216, 221-22,223-24 United Press, 69, 96, 104, 149-50 U.S. Army Transportation Service, 5 Vance, Maj . Reginald, 230- 31 Van Landingham, Charles

408

Index

Cebu sojourn, 303, 305-6, 307, 308 Dona Nati escape, 313, 315, 318 Princesa de Cebu escape, 287-88, 294,295,299-300 Vespa, Amleto, 212 Voice of China {XGOY} {Chungking} MJ job offer (1942), 119 origins of, 71-73 Soong sisters broadcast, 88-89 See also Ml's Chungking Voice of China job {1940} "Voice of Freedom", 266, 294 Votaw, Maurice "Mo", 80, 93,118-19,194 Wang Ching-wei {Wang Jingwei}, 63, 116,144 War Brides {potential film}, 158, 162, 191, 192,272 wartime press conditions anti-Communism and, 363, 364-65 Arizona State University conference {1982},366 censorship {1941}, 180-81, 182, 195 Chungking, 65, 67, 186-87 Corregidor,263-64 Indochina, 103, 104, 107, 109, 110, 112 Institute for Pacific Relations and, 95 Manila relocation, 216-17 Ml's United Press job and, 107-8, 112 MJ master's thesis on, 54-58, 59 Philippines invasion threat and, 8, 238-39 Shanghai {1939}, 64 women's difficulty in traveling, 140-41 See also Ml's Chungking Voice of China job (1940) Wavell, Gen. Archibald Percival, 290 Weber, Joseph, 322-23, 324 Wheeler, Capt. John, 311 White, Theodore H. "Teddy" Arizona State University conference {1982},366 Australia sojourn and, 331-32, 341 AWJ Time magazine correspondent job {1943} and, 362-63 Hersey and, 147

Indochina trip, 100-101, 105 Ml's death and, 352-53 Ml's friendship with, 81, 82-83, 176-77 Ml's reporting for Time magazine and, 94, 96, 166, 168 MJ-AWJ engagement and, 205-6 Thunder Out of China, 363-64, 365 Whitmore, Annalee. See Jacoby, Annalee Whitmore Whitmore, Anne {AWJ's mother}, 278, 361 Whitmore, Carol {AWl's sister}, 278 Whitmore, Jim {AWl's brother}, 141 Whitmore, Leland {AWl's father}, 128, 136,359 Whitmore, Sharp {AWl's brother}, 367 Wilbur, Ray Lyman, 58, 59 Wilkie, Wendell, 145, 152, 153 Willoughby, Amea, 267-68, 269 Willoughby, Capt. Charles, 267 Wilson, Dick, 106, 149, 164 Winchell, Walter, 365 Wolverton, Margaret, 52 Woo Kya-Tang {Wu Giadang}, 65, 67 World War II approach of U.S. war with Japan, 223,224-26 "Europe First" strategy, 225-26, 234, 261-62,280-81 fall of France, 95-96, 98 outbreak {1939}, 60 Pearl Harbor attack {1941}, 226-27, 280,361 See also Philippines invasion threat {1941}; Sino.-Japanese War; wartime press conditions Wright, Betty Leigh, 52 XGOY. See Voice of China Young, George Armstrong, 37 Zhang Xueliang {Chang Hsueh-liang}, 28-29 Zhou Enlai (Chou En-lai), 76, 182 Ziegfeld Girl {film}, 139, 190

B ILL LAS C HER is a journalist whose work has appeared in the Guardian, Pacific Standard, Atlas Obscura, Gizmodo, Portland Monthly, and elsewhere. He was a 2011 Knight Digital Media Center multimedia and convergence fellow at the University of California, Berkeley, Graduate School of Journalism. Lascher is a graduate of Oberlin College, the Annenberg School for Communication at USC, and the Salt Institute for Documentary Studies. He lives in Portland, Oregon.

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W @billlascher WILLIAM M O RROW An Imprint oj HarperCollinsPublisbers DISCOVER GREATAUTHOR S, EXCLUSIVEOFFERS, AND MORE AT HC.COM. Available from HarperAudio and HarperCollins e¡books

Jacket design by Michael Accordino Jacket photographs: <1:l Carl Mydans I Getty Images; letter courtesy of the author Author ohQ[m~_raoh bv Saikat Chakraharti

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PRAISE FOR

EVE OF A HUNDRED MI D NIGHTS "A gripping, well-told, and accurate reconstruction of a very dramatic and romantic time in the life stories of two young journalists caught in the upheavals of World War II Asia. A story of high adventure:' -STEPHEN R. MACKINNON, author of China Reporting: An Oral History of American Journalism in the 1930s and 1940s

"Bill Lascher charts the career of Melville Jacoby, his equally erudite wife, Annalee, and their circle of committed, talented reporter-friends whose combined journalism evokes an era:' -PAUL FRENCH, New York Times bestselling author of Midnight in Peking

"The unforgettable story of Bill Lascher's cousin, a man he meets through his own reporting to uncover a piece of family history that also belongs in the archives of America's great war correspondents. This is every bit a book about what drives reporters to the frontlines:' - JACKIE SPINNER, author of Tell Them I Didn't Cry

"I am deeply moved by the story of Mel and Annalee Jacoby. Bill Lascher provides a rich account of life in Chungking, where young Jacoby cut his teeth as a Time correspondent, before taking us into the whirlwind of MacArthur's retreat to Corregidor. It's a breathtaking story all the way:' - PETER RAND, author of China Hands

IS B N 978-0-06-237520-9

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