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Nippon-Philippines

Number 16

SEIMEI HOlEN

Kigen 2604

CONTENTS

S060KAISYA

Page

WAR Nippon's Dec isive Year of 'Var · . . . . . .

(The First Mutual Life Insurance Co.)

ARTICLE Developing the Filipino's Racial Spirit . . .

RELIGION

Cover photo

Catholicism in Ni ppon · . . . . . . . . .

Chi c and vi vacious with a ll the eannarks of being a foreign-bred, y~t Kusama Kszuko

War of Greater East Asia and the Catholic

H

is a genuine Nipponese a t ~earL She has been brought up in Paris

Early Catholic Activities in Manila·

1:

With tl1e Reli gious Secti on of the ATmy

II

since childhood, acquired her piano technique under t"e best pianist in France, a nd today she is onc of the leading -pianists i n Nippon. If you wis h to kn,oW' more a bout her please turn to page 32.

) •

MISCELLANEOUS

Shirayuri Kata Joggakko· . . . . . . . . . 1·

East Asiatic Students Meet on the Athletic Field 2'

Light & Shade . . . .

3:

MUSIC The Song of "AIUEO"

21

A Pianis t is Born .

3:

FICTION Blood is Thicker than \Vater' . . .

ur business is just as sound and firm as our new earthquake-proof, fireproof,

and bomb-proof

building, which is 10 storeys above and 4 storeys below the ground, built solidly on a foundation of rock.

HIBIYA. TOKYO

. . .

2-

ART Arti s ts Look at the Waf'

EDITORIAL STAFF Kuroshi ge Tetsui chi , Maekawa K6i chi , Mats ui Naoki.

ART DEPARTMENT Inagaki Shiko, Kawai ji l15 hi['o, Waka matsu Ukichi. Kumada Gom. Photos by: \ Nip po ll Shashill Kogeis ha.

And . 150 by: Shasiu Kyokai, Yamaholll Shas hin Kogaku Kenkyflsho, Taiheiyo Tsu ~ shinsba, Asn hi Shi mfjuns ha. {h ake S hoji.

. 21

LECTURE \Ve Learn Nippongo .

. • • • • • . ••

3<

Photographs are censored by War Minis try and N8~ Minis try P.ermit No. 131.

NIPPON· PHILIPPINES is publisbed by Nippon Sha shin Kogeisha. No.5 Nichome, Kyobashi. Kyobasbiku Tokyo. Al l communication~ should be addressed h the a bove address. Rates for adverti sements will ~ given on app lica ti on.

Number 16

Nippon-Philippines

Kige o 2604.

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Nippon's s upply of planes and tanks has nOl bee't dl1p leled even thou gh s he has bee n a t war illce lilt' Chino Incident whirib was slarted in 1937.

Sincc the las t World \"'(' ar tanks have ix.'C1l improved upon beca llse ever y power of importance recognizes thei r uti lily valu e in modem warfare.

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NIPPON-PHILIPPINES

6

DEVELOPING THE FILIPINO'S RACIAL SPIRIT Economic and Spiritual Independence should follow Political Independence and Freedom.

By MAEKAWA KOICHI n Octobe~ 14, 1943, while tbe W~r of Greater ~~st Asia was still gOlIlg on the new Repubhc of the PbihpplIles was born. On this day the 18,000,000 Filipino people were able to r,路ee themselves from the American yoke and regain their long hoped-for freedom and independence. Needless to state this freedom and independence is political . Tlus political freedom was acquired as a result of con istent struggle by the Filipinos who had been aioling to liberate themselves from the Spanish fetters for the past 300 years as well as from the American regime of 40 year .

Their aspiration was finally realized upon th outbreak of the War of Greater East Asia through the powerful assistance of ippon. Tlus independence is Nippon 's incere reply to America's honeyed words of pronlise to grant an independence whi ch she withheld, as well a to her in inuatio that Nippon will grab the Philippines after it shall have acq uired its independence. It has also given the Filipinos a fav rablc opportWlity to divert their eyes from the remote Europe and America to the neighboring Greater East Asia. In short, ippon has be towed upon tIle Filipinos an independen ce \~ lu ch neither Spain nor the United States was able to grant. However, are the Filipinos themselves full y prepared for political freedom and mdependence from the economic and spiritual aspects?

In other words to what ex ten t are the Filipinos prepared from thc point of view of econonuc independence, or in the establishment of racial spirit? These are the remaining problems wlueh call for solution.

It is a wcll-known fact that th e PIUlippin es economy, until recently, has been dependent mOre and more upon the American economy. Parti cularly such special products as sugar, vegetable oil and Manila hemp were produced for tb e purpose of exporting them to the United States, and thus the Philippines cconomy was based largely upon exports. The Philippines not only depended upon the United States for its pul)lic finances, but even in foodstuffs the Filipinos were not self-supportulg and Ilad been importing their st apl~ food fr om French ludo-China and elsewhere. It is a fact that the United States, instead of resorting to religious pressure, as had been done WIder the Spanish regime, taught the Filipinos to yearn for political fr eedom.

The Americans, however, utilized more ingenious method than the Spaniards, and deprived the Filipinos of their econo-

O

mic independen ce by incr easing their materialistic dependen ce on the United States year after year_ Therefore, those who viewed the PIUlippine independen ce from the economic standpoint, regarded the situation as being suicidal. America thought that by allowing the Philippines to prepare for the independence would relieve the United States of an economic burden, and by granting them political independence such burden would be unloaded. Such was America's sole motive seeped in selfishness. Again a portion of the Filipinos saw through the sordidness of America's motive and the inevitable dependen ce of the Philippine economy upon the United States, and for that reason desired a continuance of their ties with America.

Like cutting the Gordian knot the War of Greater East Asia untangled the dilemma which was entwined around the PIUlippine independence. The Philippines should not cast its eyes across America but should divert them to the adjacent Greater East Asia. Just as President Laurel has remarked, the day will not be far off when sugar will be exported to China with the Chinese as the objective, rather than to the United States. This may not be realized immediately, but the possibility of the Philippines economic independence is likely to become a fact during the construction of Greater East. Asia.

Next, what will be the position of the Philippines spiritual independence as well as the establishment of the Filipinos' racial spirit? While the Filipinos themselves had been subjected to several hundred years of alien domination, the fact that their desu路e for independence remained undaunted clearly shows that the kernel of their spirit of independence exists in al l fulln ess. Just as the United States .had stifled and made impossible the growth aud independence of the Philippines economy dill路ing the 4路0 odd years of the American regime, the 300 years of Spanish rule could be said to have had a baneful effect upon the Filipinos' raoial spirit. The fact that the Philippines, whose history is brief as compared with that of Nippon 's, had received the baptism of alien religion before the entire group of islands could have organized into a single powerful racial cultural unit, might have been an unavoidable occurrence. With the coming of the Spaniards and Portuguese to the Philippines, followed by the propagation of Chri tianity, Nippon had also faced the influx of the Jesuits. In the case of Nippon , however, such in flux was rejected, whereas

NIPPO -PHfLJPPlNES the Philippines accepted it 0 that Spanish religion , culture, and its in titutions still remain today_ Probably t1lis is the most inlportant point for the FilipinoS to note when they study the llistory of Nippon, and is perhaps also one of the keys which open the secret of ippou's hi tory. In tllis connection the famous Lafcadio H earn, in llis book "Japan An Attempt at Interpretation " has a chapter on "The Jesuit Peril," which is quoted for what it is worth.

"The sociological significance of tllis episode (attempt to Christianize Japan) is instructive. Excepting, perhaps, the division of the imperial llOuse against it elf in the twelfth century, the greatest danger that ever threatened Japanese national integrity was the introduction of Christianity by the Portuguese Jesuits. The nation saved it elf only by ruthless measures, at the co t of incalculable uffering and of myriads of lives. " There are many reports and records telling how the rulerS in Nippon at that time had treated Christianity and Christians_ Wllile accurate figures are unknown , Christianity wllich, at its most flourishing period, had at least 600 ,000 believers among the people of Nippon, was swept away from the COlUltry witllin half a century. It seems that there were quite a number of believers even up to the "Meiji Isbin " or Meiji Restoration, who had secretly embraced Christianity at the risk of the strict ban imposed by the T ugawa hogunate.

Also there were martyrs who had defied per ecution , and their unswerving faith had made them saint-like_ The collapse of the Tokugawa Shogunate Ilad made these religio s ban tllings of the past. Since the Meiji Era freedom of reli .ous worship has been guaranteed by the Constitution.

Today, there exists in Nippon difference of opinion even among non-Christians respecting the propriety of the policy adopted by the then leaders of the country. Especially there are quite a number of people who, from humanitarian standpoint, regretted the drastic measures taken against ~he Christians. Probably the Christians in Nippon today will feel the honor all the more after they recall the llistory of hardsrups which their ancestors had faced. Although a foreign er, and perhaps for that very reason Lafcadio Hearn was able to grasp the essence of Nippon's tradition, for in the same work qlloted above we find following I~guage: " 0 far as concerns the policy of such massacre, it may be remembered that, ,,~th less provocation, Nobunaga externlinated the Tendai Buddllists a t Hiyei -san. We have every reason to pity the brave men who perished at hinlabara, and to sympa thize with their revolt against the atrocious cruelty of their rulers. But it is necessary, as a simple matter of justice, to consider the whole event fr om the Japanese political point of view."

Witl, regard to the tragedies arising out bloodshed illvolving religion, even the rustory of Europe is replete with them.

But in the case of Nippon most of them occurred during the o-called "Civil War Era" or what nlight be regarded as the sangui:nary period. There were instan ces even where organized BudcUlists had been massacred for having resisted the

7 different feudal lords_ Even Buddllism wruch developed and identified with the tradition of ippon from days of yore was looked upon with disfavor when it began to exercise political influen ce as a body_ ipponese tolerate any religion 0 long as it involves tile question of conseien 'e, and will respect any believer, regardless of religion , for his religiou on viction _ Sin ce the beginn ing of llistory Nippon posse es nation ali tic mythology. This is not like the Greek or Roman mythologies which are troated as ancient tales based on mythologies of the past. Nippon 's mythology .lives witllin the heart of the peopl e even tmto this day, and forms the nucleus of the national life. Buddllism too ha ielentified itself with this original tradition of ippon , anel Illoreoever Buddllism has flourished because it has assisted in main tai ning such tradition. In contra t to uch Buddl1istic attitude the Jesuits made no elIort to understand tllis traditi on , and to say the least, the fault lay in their over-anxiety to propagate th eir own religion.

As a maller of fact Chri tian ity originated in We tern Asia , and to the Europeans it was an alien religion_ It took more than 1,000 years for tllis Cluistianity to spread in Europe.

Meanwllile the peasants of Europe wove their respective traditional customs and local beliefs into Ch,ristianity and attempted to escape from the unfamiliar atmosphere. To a certain e.<tent they had succeeded. Thus, Christiani.!] was Europeanized, bttt the Cluistian ity whi ch the Spaniards in troduced into the Pllilippin C' wa likewise Europeanized or Spainized.

As I see the situati on, I think that Clui tiani ty in the Philippines should be made more Filipin ized, although I do no ~ kllow just to what extent it hould be conducted. Unlike the Protestant, it i believed that there is more leeway in Catholicism for i t to harmonize with the ra ial traditi ons_ It is possible that the Filipin os as Catholic may filld it diffi cult to uuderstaud why so many of the ipponese are Bueldhi IS. The Buddhi m in Nippon, wllile calling it elf Bu ddilislll, is, uuder no circumstances, idolatry, n or is it an ttnadulterated Buddllism of India. The Buddhism in ippon had been ipponized in ce its introdu tion , an d in corpora ted into the ipponese spirit. At present th e Ca tholicism in Nippon i also being ipponized, and in a JI1'c aSttre has succeeded.

Every ipponese - even if he is a Buddllist - beli eves that ippon is a "Kanli no Kun.i -, or Lan d of Gods. "Kami no Kuni " is not the equivalent of --City of God -- or Heaven as con ceived by Christianity. The present day ippone e, while believing in "Kami no Ktmi , ,- entertain a deep understanding of any religion and are a t th e same time tolerant towards religious questions. Despite the fa ct that the page of ippon's past rustory contain ttnfortunate hal'l enings concerning religious questions, yet gen erally speaking ipl on a, umes an impartial IUlderstanding of any religion. But with ]'egard to the r eal essence of her tradition , ippon will prot cct arne to the utmost. It i hoped that the intelligen t Filipino people who de ire to establish the Philippine racial pirit will inquire into how the " ippon Se isllin ,. or the pirit of ippon has been crystallized.

8

NIPPON ·PHILIPPINES

CATHOLICISM IN NIPPON RELATIONS BETWEEN CATHOLICISM AND RACIAL CULTURE

By Rev. Gregorio Shoji Tsukamoto Kojimachi Saint Therese Parish Priest of Tokyo

East Asia, we may be surprised to find that the races of Nip. pon, tIle " Land of Samurai; " China, the "Land of Natural Law" and others, all of them possess an admirable racial spirit. Today when the races of Greater East .\sia are aU united in building up a common co· prosperity sphere, every Catholic in this region should utilize the characteristics pe· culiar to each race and work for the development of Catho· licism within Greater East Asia.

I wish to avail myself of this opportunity to write a brief history of the Catholic Religion in Nippon, and at the same time to give some aspect of the "Relationship between Catholicism and Nipponese Culture." I was prompted to touch upon the relationship between Catholicism and racial spirit in the opening paragraph because this is, irrespective of East or West, an important topic for an Apologist of the Ca holic Church.

The Catholic Church in Nippon

Catholicism and Racial Culture C atholicism is a supernatural religion granted through the revelation of God. "Supernature does not destroy na· ture; it rather supports nature and perfects it. " This is the fundamen tal conception which Catholi cism entertains towards Ucu]ture. "

One of the featur es of modern ideology consists in elev. ating the racial spirit an its characteristics. In fact the r acial spirit and its characteristics are God.given objects which have been bestowed upon every race by the Will of God as can readily be understood by perusing the history of Catholicism. The contributions of the nations of Western Europe towards tlus revealed tlus religion milled Catholicism must be fully recognized.

Tlus does not mean that so far as the Catholic Religion is concerned the racial spiri t wi.1I add a new element to Divin e Revelation. Catholicism is a religion wluch can not be supplemented or expunged by posterity after it has once been revealed by Christ. But this fundamental attitude of Catholicism does not ignore or suppress th e God.given r acial spirit; on the contrary each race is endowed with such racial qualities peculiar to it as will serve the spiritual structure called "Catholicism. " When we turn our eyes toward the paradise of Greater

Catholicism was first introduced into Nippon on August 15, 1549, by St. Fran cis Xavier, who is known as "The Great Apostle of the Orient. " While at Goa, India, St. Xavier had come across a Nipponese by the name of Anjiro, who guided the Saint to Kagosluma in the southern extrem· ity of Nippon.

Since then missionaries, many Spaniards, among them came to Nippon from Europe and also later on from Manila, which was then known as tIle "Rome of the Orient, " to preach the gospel, and they were publicly and privately met wi th open arms. Since the propagation of religion by St. Xavier up to 1631, when ban on religion was decreed upon, some people think that there were over two million Catholics in Nippon , and muCh was expected of the Church in the futur e.

However, like many a slip between the cup and the lip, misunderstandings centering around the missionaries arose, and the 300·year persecution period covering the two eras of Toyotomi Hideyoshi and the Tokugawa Shogunate had arrived.

During that period many Catholics in Nippon were sub· jecteclto martyrdom in the cause of their faith , which they adhered to heroically and in the spirit of Bushido. On the other hand, there were others who, while not receiving the laurels of maryrdom , tr ansmitted their unswerving faith to posterity, and thus the seed of Catholicism in Nippon had not decayed during that period leading up to 1873, when the ban on religion was lifted. The exi tence of Catholicism in

9

NIPPON-PHIUPPINES Nippon, which had been able to perpetuate its faith during the 300 years of persecution without a single priest and witl,out having celebrated a single mass, should go down as one of the most brilliant achievements in the annals of the Cabolic Church.

With the lifting of the ban on religion missionaries fl-om Western Europe began to Aock to Nippon to engage in the propagation of religion. The majority of them were from France, later on from Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, Poland, for the most part members of religions communities.

These missionaries were not in the least connected with their governments, either politicaUy, economically, or militarily, but they merely risked their lives to devote themselves to missionary work. After the cl,urches, located in regions where missionary work had weU developed had become in dependent and self-supporting, those missionaries handed over their districts to Nipponese priests to continue their work, and left for other undeveloped parts of the cOlmtry where they resumed their work anew.

There are about 300 Nipponese priests in Nippon today, who are looking after 300,000 faithful , while there are numerous converts every year. The Catholic Church in Nippon is divided into 4 dioceses and 12 Prefectures Apostolic located in Tokyo, Osaka, Nagasaki, Fukuoka, Sendai , Yokohama, Sapporo, Hiroslnma, Kagoslnma, Miyazaki, Shikoku, Kyoto, Nagoya, Niigata, Urawa and Karafuto. Every one of the bishops and Prefects Apostolic in these sixteen tricts is a son of Nippon. Each diocese 'is fully supported by ti,e faitluul who render unstinted cooperation in order to keep tile Church independent of any foreign assistance.

of its own in that city.

As for the education of girls, wc have St. Maur's Convent (1872), two Convents of ti,e Sacred Heart (1908), Holy Infant (1877) , SI. Paul (1878), Holy Ghost (1908), Notre Dame (1924), St. Dominic (1925), and Sistllls of Mercy (1930). They are conducting a women 's university, colleges, girls schools, elementary schools, and kindergartens in Tokyo and tlrroughout the large cities. More than onehalf of the girls from the weH-to-do families have received their education through these Catholic schools. Religious Congregation of the Children of the Sacred H eart and an otiler on e of the Visitation were established in 1920 and 1927 respectively, and are also engaged in the education of girls in Nippon. All the principal s of these Catholic schools are composed of Nipponese IIW1 S. (c) Charity and Wclfare_ Every Corrgregation and Convent sin ce its 짜rival in the country has promoted public welfare by works of charity . Some of them established sanatoriums, hospitals, clinics, etc. and are looking aft er the health and weU-being of the people, among them the " H ouse of Bethany," "Garden of Bethlehem," "Sakuramacln Sanatorium,"

H

Kaijoryo," and '~Seibo Byoin. "

(d) Culture_ At present Catholic journals are published at the Catholic Shuppansha in Tokyo, winch is headed by a Nipponese priest. [t publishes a monthly family magazine "Koe" \Voice), a weekly "Catholic Sllimbun" (Catholic Weekly), and the "Catholic Kenkyu" (Catholic Studies) which is issued every other month . In addition to these regular publi cations a monthly children's magazine called "Uon no Ho Ill " (Star of the Sea) is being published.

Besides these r egular publications the O<Katorikku Chuo Shuppansha" (Catholic Press Center) h as been orgazized as Educational Activity of the Church ippon a press organ for tQe Catholics in Nippon. This Press (a) Seminaries_ The Central Seminary which trains pnblishes boo ks intended for the faithful as well as for the Nipponese youth for the priesthood is located in Tokyo. non-Catholics.

It is under the supervision of the Archbishop of Tokyo, The study of ancient Clrristianity is now attracting the Bishop or Prefect Apostolic, and has an enrollment of 100 attention of our academic circles, and the " Kiri tan Kenstudents. Small seminaries, which exist as preparatory to kyusho " (Institute for the Study of Christian ity) was estathe Central Seminary, are located in Tokyo, Fukuoka, Nagablished in Tokyo and Nagasaki, and has already issued saki , Sapporo, and Nagoya , and have an emollment of 250 valuable publications. In this connection the contributions studen ts. of the Jesillt Father Laures and of Msgr. Urakawa, Bishop The Rector of the Central Seminary is a Nipponese of Sendai, are weU-known . priest, while the professorial chairs are occupied by Nip(Continued on page 23) ponese and foreign priests, among the latter are Jesuit, Benedictines, members of the Foreign Mission of Paris, and also some Catholic lay professors. (b) Schools_ There are many private schools affiliated with Religions Convents. All these schools are recognized by the Ministry of Education and enjoy a favorable . reputation as educational institution .

Jesillts, mostly Germans, came to Nippon in 1912, and established the Sofia University in Tokyo, winch has an emollment of about 1,000 students. Its clrrricula include philosophy, literature, and commerce. The present Rector of the University is Father Tsuchihaslli. The French Congregation of the Marist Brothers established middle schools in Tokyo, Yokohama, Osaka, and Nagasaki sin ce their arrival in 1888, and contributed greatly to middle school education. Each of their middle schools has about 1,000 studen ts. There is a middle school of the Fathers of the Divine Ward in Nagoya and another one of the Franciscans Archbishop Doi looks on lUlpp il y os the kindergarten children are in Sapporo. In Nagasaki the diocese has a middle school at pi ny in sweet innocance unde.r the mo therly and s is terly guidance.

NIPPON-PHILIPPINES

10

THE WAR OF GREATER EAST ASIA AND THE CATHOLIC

By H.E. 001 TATSUO ARCHBISHOP OF TOKYO

HL 001 TATSUO, ARCHBISHOP OF TOKYO With the appointment on February 13, 1938, of H.E. Doi Tatsuo as the firs t Archbishop of Tokyo, a new page was added to the history o f the Catholic Church. He was not only the first Nipponese, Or Asia tic for tha t malter, to be consecrated an archbi. shop, but the appointment marks a new turning point in the poli cy of the Vati can to appoint an archbishop of the nation of whi ch he is the national.

Archbi shop Doi wa s born in Sendai on Deoe m~ her 22, 1892. Upo n graduating from the Scndai Kala Gakko he studied in the Propaganda University in Rome from 1914 to 1920. He returned to Nippon in 1920 and worked in the pari sh of Mori ~ oka in the Hakodate diocese ulllil 1934, when he came to Tok yo and acted as secretary to the Apostolic Delegate Mgr. Marella.

s has been often r ei terated by the Government of Nippon, the aim of the War of Gtea ter East Asia is to liberate the various races in East Asia from the fetters of in equality to wlti h they have been subjected to in the past, and thereby to build up a paradise of perpetual peace in East Asia. Viewed ideologically, it is to establish true humanitarianism based on the spirit of "Hakko Ichiu " or Universal Brotherhood by exterminating materialism, liberalism, comnuwism, etc. which are gro unded on atheism. Needl ess to sta te materialism, liberalism, and cOlllmunism are not only wholly repugnant to the spi rit of our Ca tholi cism, but they are th e most dreaded enemies of malllcind. The extent to wlti ch , not ollly oW' Church, but the h uman society as well, had been made to suffer through th e dominance of these ideologies is evident from th e past history. Therefore, the Catholics should be deeply grateful wh en Nippoll took up arms at tltis tim e in order to ex terminate such ideologies. So 101lg as our country sallies forth in thi holy expedition under the banner of humanitarianism, tIle 35 million Catho!ic~, irrespective of fri eud or foe, should, as a matter of course, give support.

Of course, religion and politics should 1l0t be mixed togeth er , but in order to protect justice and humanism, and to attain a genuin e h appin ess even religiollists should spare 1l0thing in the way of coopera tion. Witll this end ill view the clergy of our country, in complian ce with th e wishes of the

A

government, wcut to China, Philippiues, and elsewhere; exchanged courte ies with the CatllOlics in those countries, and urged them to grasp Nippon 's true iu tentioll , aud otherwise exerted every offort and cooperated towards the post-war COllstruction. ill the first place the cOllcordauce of the races calls for a genuine mutua! understanding and deep-seated reliauce. To that end it becomes llecessruy to search for a commOll poiut of view, whi ch wil l mutually biud every heart. We Catholics, havillg the same faith and the saule outlook on life, will find it exceedingly simple to realize such an objective, and furthermore we Call stabilize it.

It follow s, therefore, that our position as Catholics calls for a unity tlu'ough our common faith and cooperation in the establishment of a permanent peace in East Asia, which is the vital mission imposed 011 us.

Today the world is in the throes of war, and mankind i confrollted with distress unprecedcuted iu an cien t or modern times. Indeed tltis suffering is the God-givell test for maulcind to atolle its past sins and to build a lleW world, and everyone of uS must willillgly accept it. What is more, we Catholics should accept tltis suffering of good work. And thus at last the brilliant COllstruction of th e future will be assured us, aud the time will come when today's sufferings and sacrifices will amply be recompensed in the attainmellt of happilless.

12

NIPPON-PHILIPPINES

EARLY CATHOLIC ACTIVITIES

IN MANILA (The f oUowing is a barest outline of the early religious activities of the Nipponese in the Philippines, which had been culled from Dr. l wao Seiichi's va,. luable monograph, " Early Japanese Set路 tlers in the Philippines, " published by The Foreign Affairs Association of Japan. Dr. fwao is a professor at the Taihoku Imperial Uni'versity in Taiwan.

Editor's note.)

T

he early Nippon ese intercour e with the Philippin es during th e Spanish regime took on two aspeots : commerce and religion. According to histori cal records th e Nipponese mer cantile activiti es began around 1567, and a few years later the first vessel from Nip. pon reached Manila . As th e trade became brisk Nippon ese immigration also in cr eased so that they established a settlement in Manila. In addition to trading a ti vi ti es, th e religi路 ous life of the ippon ese settled in th e Philippin es played an important part in the early relation s.

When M arlin de Goiti arri ved in Luzon in 15 70 , with his Spanish fl eet he discovered that there were 20 Nip. ponese and 40 Chin ese living in M anila . In his re port of the expedi. tion we find this passage : " In th e town (Manila) live [orty marri ed Chinese and twenty Jap. an e e. O[ the e som e came to see the master.of.camp on board tIle ship, before the breaking Ollt of hostilities, among whom was a l ap路 an ese with . a Theatin cap, from whi ch we th ought him to be a Christian . Wh en we asked him if he was on e, he an swered in the affirm ative, saying that Iu s name was Pablo (paltl). H e adored an image, and asked for some beads; but people say that h e was among th e Moro bombard:iers."

The said Pablo might either have been one of the pioneer Nipponese wh o had seU led in Luzon, or might have become a Cb.ristian while in Nip. pon . In 1549 Christianity was first introduced in Kagoshima prefecture, Kyushu , from whence it spread throughout th e coun try. It might have been possible that tbis Pablo was an adherent of the Theatin Ord er or a

baptism was h eld, with tbe Bishop officiating.

Inasmuch as the Society of Jesus refllsed to hear th e Japanese converts' confessions and to give them the Eucharist, as they did to the Spaniards, the Franciscan fathers built a church for them outside th e town hall , andtook care of the Japanese settlers."

As we shall see later the refusal of the Jesuits to " hear the Japanese converts' confession s and to give them the Eucharist, as they did Lo the Spaniards, " while not intended as a sheer discrimination , might have operated as a tacti cal blunder, thus compelling the Nipponese Christians to switch over to the Franciscan Ord er.

It is h ard to con ceive of such Public NO liee dated in the year of Sei toku 2371 refusal to hear the Nipponese (I7ll A.D.) offe:i ng reward$ for disclosing ttl lhe confessions, sin ce the Jesuits Cove mment officials certain c lass of Chri stians. had a practical monopoly of propagating Christianity in Nippon.

J estut, sin ce aJJ the mission worker at Another more apparent factor which that time were members of th e Jusuit might have induced the Nipponese to Society. follow the Franciscan Ord er was due 1n conj un ction wi th tbe trade and to their " forcible segregation of tlle intercoUT e between Nippon and ManiJapanese settlers in Dilao." In any la, Nipponese Christians began to take case it added fuel to the friction be路 up residen ce in Manila. Father P edro tween the Jesui ts and the Fran ciscan Chirin o of th e Jesllit Society stated: Order respecting their nussionary work "The Japan ese settlers, too, among the Nipponese. sought prote ti on with the Society In a letter dated June 26, 1586, of J esus . .. . . . They have come over De Vera, Governor-General of the to Manila through the kind offices Philippin es, sent a letter to King Philip of tile Jesuit fathers in Japan, who e II of Spain, enclosing a message he oWlterpart they have found in us had r eceived form Lord Matsu-ura, of here. All Japan ese imnugrants have Hirado in Kyushu, and informing the come to Manila, wi Lh letters of inKing that eleven Chr istians, retainers trod uction addressed to people here of Don Bartolome (Omura Snmitada), from the laLLer's fri endsin Japan. a feudal lord in Kyushu , had arrived In 1587, one of the Nippoll' at Manila from Nagasaki. ese imllugrants, called Gabriel, sucSpain was anxious to learn about ceeded in converting eight of this the condition s in Nippon , particularly comrades to Christianity while enChristianity, and to tllat end Archroute from Kyoto to Manila. 011 bishop Domingo de Salazar 011 July 4, th eir arrival in Manila a solemn

NIPPON-PHILIPPI NES 1587, had invited ten leading Nipponese to Manila_ In-1589, some thirty or forty Nippon ese, ilttired as Christian pilgrims, had arrived in Manila ostensibly to visit the local church.

Meanwhile the Nipponese immigration to the Philippin es had increased. On January 22, 1601, the Governor-Ge neral granted to permission to the Fran ciscan fathers to start mission work among the Nipponese settlers in Dilao_ In order to nli!'ister upon the Nipponese residents, who were then in good grace of the Spanish authorities, a small church was erected .

With the passing of years, however, tlle relationship between the Tokugawa Shogunate and the Spanish aufuorities in the Philippines became strained. On the other hand, the Tokugawa Shogunate assumed a vigorous attitude towards the Christians in Nippon, which culminated in the dispatch of officials from Yedo (Tokyo) to Nagasaki, tlle then cradle of the Christian infiltration in the country, in order to place a ban llpon that religion _ Meanwillie abollt 300 Christian fathers, missionaries, and adheren ts, who had been placed under segregation in Nagasaki, were banished to Macao and Luzon. Among the leading and inflllential Christians fuus banished was Takayama Ukon, a feudal lord, who was one of Toyotomi llideyoshi's supporters. He was frequently consulted in matters pertaining to Christianity, and thus exercised considerable influence.

Upon tlte exiles' arrival in Manila they were warmly received by the Spanish authorities and Christians.

These exiled Nipponese Christians settled _at San Miguel in the suburb of Manila, and a convent was built for the female members of tlle newly settled Nipponese community_ A rivalry aro~e between the Society of Jesus and the Franciscan Order in connection with the mission work among the Nipponese settlers in San Miguel. But inasmuch as the spiritual care of the Nipponese in Dilao had been entrusted to tile Jesuits, the latter were also given the privilege of doing missionary work in San Miguel.

In order to extend the inHuence

of the Franciscal' Order in Nippon, Father f,.uis Sotelo, upon his return from a visit to Nippon on a goodwill mission, established a ,-colegio" for the Nipponese students_ When he conferred holy orders on some of these stndents, a strong opposition arose from among the local Christians. Bnt such opposi tion appeared to have subsequently subsided when it became lenown that the purpose of ordaining these Nipponese stlldents was to make umission work " effective among the

Nipponese Christians.

These "collegios, " especially those maintained by the Society of Jesus, served to train the Nipponese as. mission workers for carrying on mission work among the Nipponese settlers in the Plrilippines, and at the same time were aimed at the resumption of misIn order to sion work in Nipp<\? effect the latter purpose these Catholic trained Nipponese were urged to smuggle themselves into Nip on to propaate Clll"istianit .

With ragard to the Nipponese who had eritbraced Clll"istia'nity, LieutenantGove Or M"lga sl?oke highly of them in fhis lll8ll0er: ''The Japanese wh.o have been converted to Clrristianity are all honest and law-abiding. They are zealous and unswerving in the faith which tliey have embraced, being Lhus impelled by their desire for salvation_ There is a large number of CIll"istians in Japan proper also_" For a long period the early Ni ppones6 settlers in Manila were active in economic, military, and religious field s_ During the most prosperous stage j t is understood that there were over 3,000 Nipponese in Manila, of which over one-half were Christians.

Some of them had settled permanently and married native women. Their activiti es ex tended for a period of about 200 years between 1570 and 1767_ Even though the Tokugawa Shogunate had prohibited foreign intercourse and commerce in 1636, the intercourse continued for about 30 years thereafter. They had built their own town of Dilao, in the suburb of Manila .

FOR

DRAWING. STUDYING. BUSINESS ELECTRO-OSMOSIS

LEAl:

PENCILS

ti!!l~i3. i Nippon Pencil Mfg. Co., Ltd. 3 - tyome, Uslma -mati, Zyotii -ku, Tikyi.

NIPPON

hirayuri Koto ]ogakko, founded in 1910, is one of the oldest girls' high schools which was originally affiliated with the religious order of l. Paul. AlLllOUgh nominally regarded as a Catholic school, it is in fa ct a genuine Nipponese girls' high school , and ranks in standard with tile

S

Mass c)Ccwi scs are encouraged so that the girl s can

110 t

best of its kind.

It is divided into kindergarten, primary, and high school departments with a total enrollment of about 1,500. The staff from the Principal down to the instructors are Nipponese who have been trained and educated according to the

hut help to maintain their ph ys icnl well-being to become hea hhy future mothers.

Too much s tud y makes school life a drudgery so e \'cryolle takes part in so me sort o r ou tdoor mass go mes whi ch can be enjoyed by all .

best tradition and educational facilities.

The School' curricula and educational policy are san e路 tioned by and conform to the Ministry of Education 's requirements. Most of the students come from well-to-do families, but the School makes no effort to be cliscriminating

rls who are mu siCli ll y inclined arc given Icssons in the rudimcnts of mu s ic.

in t e choice of its student bo Iy. There i no elemen t of exclusiveness which is generally the bane of private schools.

The Shirayuri Koto Jogakko is entirely self-supporting and does not receive any finan cial support from foreign sources.

A cia 's in domc ti c science lea rns the art of using the sewing mocJline.

are some of our outstanding specialties :

GERISON ulfanilarr.id (o r timpanilis, tonsilitis and other suppurative diseases.

NEO·GERISON ulfanilacC la mide. Especially fit for women

and child ren.

ALB A S I Dimeth yl disu lfani lamide, for gonorrhea. sep ticaemia and oUle r s uppurative diseases.

NEO·ALBASIL Sulfathiazol for pne umon ia s uppurative diseases.

B

and

other

C R y S

A prepa ration of Vitam in 8 ..

CAMPORISIN Fo r ne,u ralgia and rheu mati s m.

Y MANOUCHI SEll HEAD OFFICE: 2·chom., Kobun8Cbo. Mlbanbllbl. 1'lIkJI. OSAKA OFFICE: 5·choml. Karllbalbl, HI,..bIU, Dub. LABORATORV: 3B, Klnluk.cbo, Hanlolw. TolIJa. MANSHU VAMANOUCHI SEIVAKU K. K. 2, Kabllcho, VIlRltam, Makd.D..........

BIAIICH OFFICES: T.llI•• PlI,I... n ••.,..I. C.III••••••1fiIg. FACTOIIES:

HII", 11.111•• 0• .,•••• d III lIIIu ',all1IIa.

CABLE ADDRESS: .. CEMVAMAUTI TOKYO' OSAU."

Who can lell bU I thot' some of ulem may not beco me zoo logis t !

NIPPON -PHILIPPINES

SILVER COLLOID

WITH THE _RELIGIOUS SECTION OF NIPPON'S ARMY

By Lieut.-Col. Narusawa Tomoji

SILVER COLLOID LIQUID is a powerful

disinfec路

tant which pel-meates subcutaneously through the sweat glands. It will have a n immediate effect on ulcer, eruption and other sl,i n diseases. Also it is effective for preventing bleeding from wounds caused by bedbug

bites

a nd

other in sects.

Samples will be gladly sent upon request.

MUSASHI SEIYAKU HOMPO ( Musashi Pharmacy ) 3. l-Chiime. Nishihara-machi, Koishikawa -ku.

Tokyo. Nippon.

Asia broke out the Religious Section of the Nippone e Army, which was composed of a Catholic bisbop, several priests and many seminarists, visited the Philippines, tile only Catholic country in East Asia . I had the good fortun e of heading this group which, together with tile first lin e figbting units, marched into the Philippines.

The Filipino people themselves are acquainted with the many hardships which we had to overcome in rendering every possible convenience and assistance to the Catholic churches and other religious bodies ill the Philippil, es. In the construction of Greater East Asia Co-pro perity Sphere the Goverument of Nippon intends to respect the religious belief or worship of the various races.

As I have practically finished with the \"ork requil'ed of me, I wish to avail myself of this opportunity to send my greetings to the Fili pinos after my return home. Catholicism is a religion of "Charity" found ed on tile doctrin.e of the "Mystical Body of Christ." In

other words it is based on the idea that the faitbful are a single body like brothers an d sisters with Christ as their head. The spirit of Christ is the spirit of Heaven, therefore things that are opposed to it, such as liberalism, materialism or communism are miscoD~ ceived ideologies. Any will that is opposed to the spirit of "Hakko Ichiu" or Universal Brotherhood, the concept of "Greater East A ia Co-prosperity," and "Seisin Shugi" or Spiritual Idealism, which Ni ppon declared to the world, does not couform to the Heavenly Law, and therefore is not in keeping with the "Mystical Body of Christ." Thus, was it Dot in con so路 nance with tlus declaration that Nippon organized the Religious Section of the Army to protect the Catholics in tile Philippin es?

Of course, being in tile midst of prosecuting the war it is conceivable that the Catholics in the Philippill e may fee l some incollvenience, but due consideration should be gi~en to the fact that we are now engaged in war.

Difficulties and inconveniences are liable to arise in modern warfare. The Filipino people, therefore, should fully appreciate tlus fact and visualize the basis of Nippon 's statecraft wluch is based on (fRighteousness."

Anything wluch is viewed with a suspicious eye will appear as an e\'il, and such is not a truth-seeking attitude.

You must observe the reality of Greater East Asia with' the "Spirit of a Child" as taught by Christ, and decide upon your attitude accordingly. Doubtless there are divers clifficulties wluch loom ahead, but the glorious day will come after you will have conquered these , difficulties. Therefore, is this not in accordance wilh your own adage; "Ang laong mapag dalita sasapit sa madlang tuwa ?"

NIPPON·PHILIPPINES

20

r1~I~ A I

A

Akurnkll iki

U E 0

.I ~sr NO

UTA

Words by : Music hy '

iki tuJ=IUH

SWlakawa Morii clLi H oriu c hi K c i l.o

tJ

'-'

.. .. -

" >

.. ..

/J!l

\..00""'"

~

V

~

~

r.,...,

-r.........,

•

~

r--... ~ V

-'= ' ====-

••• " . ', : " ,I. ',',.

.'

I'i

..

,

1\ \

21

NIPPON路P ID LfPPINES

J ..

It

,"

, .

~,

,

.. "

.1

,

Words by:

J 1':i1>" 1'7J11

,,,,:r

? "z:;t t1Jy l1s 11+?"T:::I

7:J=I''t

;f.?~~-2

1'11.( :;tt'!t?

l1s IJ t-

"T"'" n

'!t'T73 s:i:;t 1J '!t!l"-U:,) E.:J't 2.(:,)" - , _ , =

:)5l1s t t:? ,../ ':;t t

21l-(

I

1

n

2~路.lI:rt

1"5'7!1-2

't113!1

:::II" J\ "

,,'t,,}'~"

11ti!=

IV

V

1J 'tJ1I3 S\:lIIl\lO 'P!I:;t t- -('!t?~?

S ", } t '..)0'7

~1Js

'7"""Z;'

Foohteps sounJ in un/en Wiih the ,ising powe, WA

'Pnu:r

!I:J~:J~

ForwarJ mitrc~ all in one.

'7=1'~.,

:':J't

V

Tills Song should Dol be conCUJ!ed with "The Song of AiU:EO" whieb appeared io the Nippon.Philippines No. ",,,,,hieb was meant to teach the AIlJEO alphabet.

You will al80 o olc that In the present SONG OF THE A1VEO the conventlOOa} ROD18oized prODOUDciatioD of the haraele.n is followed.

For CODVenience We give below the AJUEO alphabet whieb is u.eed In this Song.

.

,

I t I I'"

'P a

-(i ~l ze I ~o

J\ ha

11 ka

=I' kj

kui: ke

:::I ko

? roa ! E. mi 1 6 mu l

'!t aa

I !I si

I ,,-au ! u ee

'..) so

1>ya l .(i

~ chi ! ., tau I :r te

I t- to

sra I 'Jri I 111 m

., re

oro

;l:ne ' ./gno

'7 wa ! ""wi I "u

~l'i8

~l!'~ 1--

- 1-" -1~ - 1-

::;I

la

't na

I

I =ni ! ~nu !

hi

7 Cu

;;I

$ho

he

I :~:

me ,.mo

I ~yu l ze

3yo

...

'.

I:路'

~

.

""--,,.~,..

-~

,

.

.

.

NIPPON-PHILIPPINES

23

(a) Steadfas t Faith_ As previously stated the persecution in the past has much strengthened the faith of the ( Con,inlU!d fr om pa&e 9) Catl10lics in Nippon. The number of faitluul is still comparatively small, but on the wnole the faithful as well as In our legal circle we have a distinguished Catholic the priests are not only steadfast in their faith , but are also in the person of Dr. Tanaka Kotaro, professor of law at setting a "good example" to the general commun ity. As a the Tokyo Imperial University. He was exchange professor result there are quite a number of Catholic families whose to Italy, where he delivered a series of lectures at the University of Rome, and later lectured in the various Latinsons and daughters are desirous of becoming priests and American countries. Some of his weU-known works which nUDS. Sales of religious books are favorable and oloquent ly are heing widilly read are; " Sekai Ho no Riron " ([heory testify to the reading capacity among the laity. The fai thof the World's Laws). in tJrree volumes ; " Shoho Kenkyii " ful sh ow fil ial pi ety toward the Church an d their priests; (Studie in Commercial Law); " Bunka to Kyoyo" (Civilithey attend the functions of the Church with fervor, thus zation and Culture) " Ho to Shiikyo" (Law and Religi on) inviting considerable admiration from Christians of other and " Shakai Seikatsu" (Social Life). countries. Their dutiful ohservance of the Church regulaIn the world of thought we have Professor Yoshimitsu tions even surpass that of foreigners.

Yoshihiko of the Department of Philosophy at the Tokyo (h) Diges ted Catholicis m. As stated in the foreImperial University, who is an authority on " Neo-Thom ism," going paragraph there is nothing in consistent or paradoxical and a former pupil of 1. Marilin of France ; Dr. Iijima he tween Catholicism and racial characteristics. On the conHataji, an Economist; Professor Iokido Shinjiro of the Kobe trary it is strongly evidenced by the University of Commerce, and Dr. beautiful racial characteristics wh.ich Osawa Akira, Professor of Internaare safely imbedded in Catholicism. tional Law at the Kyushu Imperial I n tllis respect the eEsentia l ch aracUniversity . teristics of Nippon shine fort 11 in Other cultural activities of the Chill路ch. Altar , Christian behavior and Catholics in Tokyo inclnd e the puhHoly Picture . Thus the Catholi c lication of the works of such literati Church of ippon does not smack as Chesterton , Lefoul e, Claudel, Mauof th e Catholicism of some western rick as well as other representative country, but i beautifully in terwoven Catholic literature of Europe. Special into the racial characteristics wlllch mention , however , should be made of speak well for a bright future of a the compilation of the " Catholic Ency路 G"eater East Asia Catholicism. clopedia" by the Sofia University in in Tokyo. This undertaking was com(c) R e s p on s ibi lit y of the missioned hy the Holy See, and was Nipponese Cle r gy. Severa l year hegun several years ago. Promin ent ago the Holy See urged that in ipauthorities on the various subjects pon the Nipponese should he appoi.ntthroughout the world were mobilized ed as Bishops, Prie ts, Prefect Apostolics, an d Rectors, and such a r evofor this gigantic enterprise, and two volumes have already appeared. hltionary suggestion has already been Divers programs pertaining to p ut into practice.

0 matter how Catholic culture in the r ealm of art "OUR LADY OF NI PPON"

By Luke Hasegawa long a foreigner may reside in ippon and music have already been started. he is always a foreigner, an d thercfore The activities of three organizations in Tokyo are particularwe cannot state witll any positive assurance that ippon's ly worthy of notice.

Catholicism has attained its maturity under foreign tutelage.

The " Catholic Bijutsnka Kyokai" (The Catholic Arti sts In this sense Catholicism in Nippon h as hecome in dependent Guild) was organ ized in 1925, and has held several exhibitoday, and th e writer prays that the day will not be far tions, which included exhibit for international anllty, Holy when similar condi tion will prevail in th e various count rie Pictures and reports on research work. Luke Hasegawa, of Greater East Asia.

Th ere is, however, a matter wllich we Catholics must the leader of the Guild , and a well-known artist, was the first to introduce fresco into Nippon. he cautious ahout. That is, we must first of all perfect hy The Association of Gregorian Music was establi hed in grasping the essen 'e of Catholicism. How can any Cath olic 1935, and sin ce then the study of Gregorian music made guide th e r eligious destin y of any people without understanding the essen ce of Catholicism ? Ther efore, it stan ds to progress, at the same time giving a new intpetus to Nipponese music. The " Catholic Ongaku Kyokai " (Catholic reason th at unless th e Nipponese clergy, who are to r eplace Musical Society) is editing hymnals, and is making its appeal the foreign nri ionaries WllO have been compell ed to retire cllleAy to the ch urches tlrrough the radio.

-due to circumstan ces brough t about merely tlrrough thc in ternational poli tical situation , are prepared spiritually, they Characteristics of Catholicis m in Nippon can not bring happiness to the Catholics of these cOtmtri es.

From th e foregoing the reader can form an idea as to Happily tllere are a yet non e among the Nipponese the statns of the Catholi c Church in Nippon , but I shoul d Catholics who advocate heresy or sclli 01 , and I hope they will never do o. My sin ere wish is that a r epitition of Agripalike to summarize th e characteristics of the Catholic Chill'ch in tills coun try. inism of th e Philippines may not be reiterated in the Orient.

CATHOLICISM IN NIPPON

24

NIPPON-PHILIPPINES

BLOOD IS THICKER THAN WATER

By ISHIKAWA TATSUlQ (Condensed from "Asahi Shukan")

T

en years ago I was on board the "Rio de lanerio" Maru returning from South America with other Nipponese_ After putting up a night at Belem at the mouth of the Amazon River, we h eaded for New Orleans.

We remained a week in New Orleans where the steamer was loaded with cotton. After that we sailed into Houston and arrived in Los Angeles through the Panama Canal. We were in Los Angeles two days but were not allowed to set afoot in that city.

Those of us from South America were far from being happy with the treatment accorded us in every American port. Yet we were impressed with the vastness of the country, where the natural pastures were teemed with verdant grass and vegetation. It made us envious, for ippon had been suffering from over-population, but not a single ippone<e immigrant was permilled to sellie in America.

Whenever the steamer made port the customs officials would rush aboard, and the first thing they did was to demand a drink of whiskey from the chief steward. When thei r demand was not complied with they would kick around the baggages路 and made things. unpleasant. Well, we got a taste of America's ffgimme rackel" whlch seemed to pervade throughout the American offi cialdom.

During the quarantine inspection at Houston the passengers were herded on the deck lik e ca llie. The doctor tllTUst a thermometer in the mouth of every passenger who was treated like a slave. Everyone fell highly indignant over America, which showed it-

self in such a remark as ; " When there's a war ,vith America we are going to knock the hell out of the damn Yankees! " We could not help feel that tile American's was a reflection upon

treatment of US every Asiatic.

Just as we were about to enter Los Angeles, we saw several queer looking poles, which looked like forest.

While we were wondering what they could be, a young man with a binocular remarked, "They aren't poles.

They are oil wells!"

I borrowed his binocular and saw f r myself that for a stretch of 20 'Ies along San Pec\ro there were h dreds of these oil wells. I felt somewhat chagrined to see such rich supply of oil when we in Nippon were meeting with dearth of petroleum.

"When we fiight America we're going to become soldiers !n We probably exceeded the bounds of reason, yet it was an instinctive hostility which crept into our bosom. The sight of these oil wells could not have made us feel otherwise.

It would take about 13 days from Lo Angeles to Yokohama, and tlus seemed a long and tedious voyage. It was August when we left Los Angeles.

Our course headed northwest off the coast of Alaska and along the Aleutian islands. For about a week we were enveloped in the cold wintry mist during the voyage.

At Los Angeles two Americanborn nisei boarded the ship. The young man was called Suzuki Rokuro and his girl friend named Okamoto Sachiko. Both of these nisei gabbed away in English, wlu ch the passengers from South America did not understand. The smart attire, easy-going manner, and the unaffected attitude of these nisei somehow proved an eye

sore to us.

"I understand that the Nipponese are being treated badly in the United States, but what do you tlUnk about it ?" I asked Suzuzki one day.

"That's it! " he snapped back.

Suzuki raised his broad shoulders, and his demeanor was an exact counterpart of an Yankee youth. Perhaps it was due to environmental fa ctor that even a Nipponese would in due course resemble an American! Then I began to suspect that Suzuki might be an Yankee even inside.

"You know, I'd like to help solve some of the problems facing the Nipponese residents," Suzuki continued.

"We nisei must all work together. Tne oldest nisei today is around 30. They are citizens and have the right to vote, so I think they should help solve these problems. Therefore, I take a trip to Nippon every year."

"For what? " I asked, for I was getting curious.

"I intend to become a lawyer and practice in Los Angeles," Suzuki replied in a maller of fact way. "At present I'm studying law in Los Angeles, and when I become a lawyer in tend to handle the Nipponese cases.

In order to do so I neeel to know the law of Nippon, so I go to Nippou every year and study Nipponese law from September to February. Wlule in Los Angeles I drive a vegetable truck at night and earn my schooling expenses."

I ad mired this young man 's determinaticon . It's a fact that the Nipponese in America have been unjustly persecuted under the American laws.

For instance, they are barred from owning or leasing land for agricultural purposes, and are not allowed to buy fertilizer for their farms.

But the Americans 3l'e totally dependent upon the Nipponese for their celery, strawberries, lettuce, cabbages, fruit s, etc. and the vegetable markets in Los Angeles are controlled by the

25

NIPPON-PHILIPPINES Nipponese. In order to buy fertilizer for their farms, the Nipponese farmers do so in the name of their citizen children. If they were caught they would be prosecuted by the American authorities for such violation of these anti-alien laws. But the Americans were being supplied wi th vegetables and frnits grown in tlus manner by the Nipponese immigrant farmers!

Such was the impetus which fired Suzuki to become a lawyer and solve the Nipponese plight. Well, after all Suzuki was a I i pponese, I slrid to myself and felt much encouraged. On the other hand, the thought which occurred to me was, how much influence would such a young lawyer's defiance have, if it could be called such, upon America's policy against the Nipponese? So I posed this question to this lawyer-to-be. ''I.f there should be a war between America and Nippon what will be the position of you nisei?"

"In such a case we shall die by the Nipponese bullets, " Suzuki snapped point-blank without any sign of apprehension.

But I felt suspicious of Ius machine-gun-like reply. Did he mean to die by the bullets of Nipponese soldiers by becoming an American soldier and fighting against Nippon?

So I pressed lum to make Iris meaning more clear.

"Every Ni pponese will of course expect us to join the Imperial force and fight for Nippon ," Suzuki continued. "But actually is such a tiring possible?

I'm a Nipponese by blood and at the same time I'm an American by birth. In case of a war between the two coun tries I might be drafted into the American army. In suel, a case I'd prefer to die by being shot with bullets from the Nipponese gun . Isn't that so ?"

Suzuki seemed serious and in earnest, and I could not but help feel that inwardly he was in a dilemma despite lus outward en tJlllsiasm. However, there was something in the young man's way of thinking which I could not be persuaded to accept. His atti tude nlight have been reasonable, yet

if he was grateful for [us Americau birthright, how cOlLld he reconcile such attitude with his determination to fi ght the Nipponese cause in America? Suzuki had a good physique; was handsome and spoke fluent English, but somehow I felt that he could not be one of u .

Mter the slup had passed the Aleutian and approached ippon the weather suddeuly became warm. It became summer again!

One night across the horizon we saw a revolving light, wluel, was one of the lighthouses.

The passengers from Sonth America gathered on the deck and watched the fli ckering light wi th tears in their eyes.

Home at last! Some of them had been away from home for several years, but did not forget that they were Nipponese at heart.

The next day the boat docked in Yokohama. Suzuki's home was in Tottori prefecture, while Miss Okamoto's was in Shizuoka. l;'erhaps it was more aceurate to say that these were their parents' domi ciles in Nippon, since both of them were born in America.

We bade a simple farewell , and parted

after we got off the gangplank. Our parting was just as informal as our unconventional meetiJ.lg on board the "Rio de Janeiro " Maru. Since then I have heard notlring of these nisei from Los Angeles. The thonght occurred to me, however, that Suzuki nlight be practicing law in Los Angeles.

From the fall of 1941, the dark cloud had begun to hover over the 110-

rizon of the Nippon-American relations, while the imminence of the impending war grew tenser each day.

On the morning when the ippon forces attacked Pearl Harbor, Guam, and the Philippines, I cO ltld not help but to be concerned over the fate of the Nipponese in America. I otten wondered what sort of trea tmen t America would accord them. In fact I learned later that they were not allowed to reside in Los Angeles and all along the Pacifi c coast. They had been herded illto the lunterland, and forced to live in barracks wluch were carefully guarded by the American so ldiers. Moreover they were compelled to labor on the farms.

What an irollY, for their own farms and property have been co nfiscated by America, and now they were forced to feed the Yaukees by tilling the soil against their will! Be that as it may, the treatment of the "first generation" Nipponese immigrants might have been tolerable under the circLUnstan ces, bnt their offspring, the "second generation" nisei fared no better. They were Ameri caJl citizen, but to the Yankees thi meant notlling. To the American way of tlrinking their itizenship was accidental , for after all blood is tlu cker than water!

"Well , lawyer Suzuki, hasn' t America, wluch you thought so much and felt grateful, double-crossed you ? , That's the way I felt about tJ,at poor disillnsioned chap who had heen filled with such unwerving ideal and determination when I first met lrim on the steamer some ten years ago. Perhaps he peneling his day in some concentra tion camp and forced to do menial labor. America has shown its lrue color, and probably uzuki is now longing and ,vislling that h e were in ip1'011 among his own kind.

I frequently wondered how that young lawyer Suzuki would regard his precious American citizen hip! ometime after the opening of the war our ÂŤ( tollari-gum.i " or neighborhood association took up 'ollection for the Nipponese illteroed in enemy (CantinlLed

OIl

flext pase)

26

BLOOD IS THICKER THAN WATER countries. Again I thought about Suzuki. If he had been interned some路 where in America and should receive such gift, with what frame of mind would he accept it?

It was in the spring of 1943. One morning I glanced through the news路 paper and saw the list of men killed in action, and who have been cited for distinguished services in the War of Greater East Asia. My eyes fell upon a certain name whi ch raised my curiosity. The interesting item read: "Sixth Order of the Rising Sun. Corporal Suzuki Rokuro (Tottori prefecture) " Surely, tlris could not be the same Suzuki whom I had met on the ship ten years ago . That Suzuki must be in Los Angeles practi cing law. I wanted to verify it, if possible, so called upon one of my newspaper friends and asked him to ascertain the identity of this Suzuki. My newspaper fri end immediately relayed the request to his correspondent in Tottori, and five days later I received the following information from Tollori:

NIPPON路PHIUPPINES (Conti n uecl)

uDeal' Sir;

Corporal Suzuki Rokuro, whom you inquired, was an inhabitant of Tottori prefecture. His Farents are now intern ed in America. Corporal Suzuki graduated from a certain university in Los Angeles, and latter practiced law there. As soon as the relations between the United States and Nippon became critical he returned to Nippon alone in June 1941, despite tile fact that his parents made every effort to dissuade rum. Upon rus return he lived with his relatives and found employment in a certain fa ctory. He ,,,as summoned to the colors in November 194.1, and went to the front the following 路January.

He saw action in the Prulippines and rendered distinguished services at Corregidor and Bataan, and was promoted as first class private. Being proficient in English he became an interpreter and continued to .render valuable services in connection with propaganda work during the enemy mopping-up cam-

paigns. In June 1942, while in Iloilo he was taken down with rnalarill, wruch developed into kidney trouble and he succumbed in August. He was cited and post humously promoted as corporal."

When I read the foregoing report.

I could not help but suppress my tears.

Ten years have elapsed since I last saw Corporal Suzuki on board the steamers. Suzuki must be around 34 years had he been living. Perhaps I should have been less critical of rus boisterous and glamorous way. No, he had changed entirely after his return to Nippon. He had no alternative but to choose between N:ippon and America. His personal entity had disappeared, and the question of his fatherland was uppermost in his oriud. He had made the right choice.

Once a Nipponese always a Nipponese, regardless of where he may be living. Suzuki understood and ap' preciated Nippon and its glorious history which must have urged rum to return to Nippon.

After all blood is thicker than water !

I

SANKYO CO ., LTD. The Foremost Manufacturers of Pharmaceutical. and Chemicals in the Greater East Asia

Home Office:

Muromati, Nihonbasi, Tokyo

Cable Addre .. : .. DIASTASE T OKYO" All Standard Cod .. u.. d

Branches : Osaka, Kuching, North Borneo, Balik Papan, South Borneo, Bandjermasin, Sumatra, Malai, Canton, Kainanto, Shanghai, Peking, TientSin, Dairen, Hoten.

Factories: Tokyo, Osaka, Dairen.

STUD

THE

students from the various countrie3 in the Co-prosperity Sphere are today studying in Nippon. Too much studying may make their life monotonous, hence occasional athletic meets are held for them. These meets not only provide frie dly rivalry, but also create friendship among the young men

ARTtSJS路100K-. Al THE . WA,R .-.

..

\

~

N

ippon 1S fighting an all-out war.

Even artists have taken up their brushes an,d palettes in the cause of the war. Their motive is purely patriotic, but at the same time they may be creating a new wartime school of painting. Who knows but that some of their war paintings may not serve as permanent war chronicles, from which posterity can form an idea as to the nature of the War of Greater East Asia.

Before attempting to set his brush on the canvas, every artist has gone to the front to get the real atmosphere or feeling of the subject which he has depicted. There is no.tlring imaginary about their paintings.

The paintings reproduced on these pages are the faithfltl portrayal of the war scenes by Foujita Tsuguji, Nakamura Kenichi, Miyamoto Saburo, Tamura Konosukc. Kunitomo Shuntaro and Yoshioka Kenji. '

J

..

J

.'

"Aerial Battle"

8y Yoshioka KenJI

PortTayal of air combats sO[llewhcre ill the Southc'ru ~aci~c

"Opening up the War"

8y Kunltomo Shuntaro '.

This painting won the Asahi Shimhun Pri7.e at the Creator East Asia

War Art Exhibition held from O_ ml,er 8,1943

10

January 9. 1944.

" Charging into the Enemy Camp" 81 FouJlla Tsulujl

omewhere in New Guinea fro tH.. But such sceno Cll n happen in uuy fron t where the Nipponese troo ps may be engaged ago inst odds. A Nipponc e soldier prefers dea th by hi s own hand rather th an be token prisoner - mu ch less sur render.

"fate of the Aircraft Carri er Saratoga"

By Nakamura K. nichl

"Yankees' Fate in the Solomons"

By Foujila Tsugujl

0 11 May 6, 1942, combiDed fl ee t of the American and British uui ts composed of s uch capi tal ships as North Carolina, California, Warspite, Aircraft carriers Saratoga and Yorktown appealed ill the Coral Sea in the South Pacific. fl1 thrs IIBval engagt>ment the. enemy sustained heavy losses as a res ult of ippoll air force's devastating attack.

Such is the s utTering whi ch the misguided, disillusioned Yankees are facing in the tropical mal3J"i a illfesled frollts iu the Solomons, New Cuillea and elsewhere. Do the folks bock home know even hutf of the tClith of what is going on ill the Southern PDQific?

"Birth of a Hew Burma"

BJ Tamura Konosuk.

Here the jubilati on of the Bunnese over their independence is fun y depicted.

ot could n Kazuko nal C _ a m sa u o 1 9 3 6 K in tbe Internati Wonas ate use sbe Particip alv beca only four_ ls a W as ld in cour he Ollllg! S b e W dis. y .COntest bi_ re p t a tben too th m a t u r B e b n. en teen the n didn 't damp Or perio t pianist, world_ a qUalificat re g a e e m tb o c e ss b a tion to ntually to surp rewski. e e haps ev Ignace Jan Ped 1922, famous as born in azuko W o f h e r mother K a m sa Ku efforts s at ugh the iano key and thro to strike the p Jy Was tben llli an she beg f three. The fa enrolled in o n sb e te tbe age t A aris Na P a ri s. o f tbe P m a k _ living in ry class e tb to s ra a a h p th e pre ry. S h e ist" if such nservato n o ia C p l a n rn tio l-bo ume_ a "natura auged b y tbe n n, ings o f be g d wo a n b ca e n sh o criteri honors ours. zes a n d lic conc rous pri ool and in pub on W tber scb lve sbe both at Was twe the same yea e h s en Wh x, and in der class IllI pri P re m ie r d the SUperior t in is n ia p re g she e n te e leadin coped tbe evy, th e Lazar L t thirteen sb t prize in A th e firs d n tb e France. a , close o f e prix DellXiem con co u r at tbe ed, for a t l u o ntin the SchO onors co t prize and ear. H SC llool y e Won the firs tory. In sh serva fifteen the Con k the first o d ti-OIn graduate year 1 (azuko to e In a e th

In

NIPPON-PHILIPPINES

flRIZES ABROAD prize in the lntcrnaLi'IDal Women's Concour held in Paris_ In 1939 she returned to Tokyo, and immediately atlTacled public notice brougbt about by her appearan ces and performances before the musical world.

Her repertoire is wide and diverse.

They include classics from Bach, Mozart, and Beethoven, and selections from modern French com posers such as Faure, Debussy, Ravel, etc. However, she does not confine her selections to those of foreign compositions for the war has offered opportunities for the rendition of Nipponese pieces.

Miss Kusama is contributing her share in the prosecution of the war by cheering the wounded and disabled soldiers at the army hospital s. And the proceeds from her public performan ces are being donated to the defense fund .

Kusama Kaznko has acquired the the fundamental technique abroad, but is putting the finishing touch through her own initiative and creation . She is only twenty two, yet great possibility lies ahead, and who knows but that some day Miss Kusama may not become one of the world's greatest pianist, ranking in a class by herself.

33

NIPPON-PHILIPPINES

HIGH QUALITY FACE POWDER, PERFUME, FARD

LIPSTICK,

GIVI: & TAKI:

ROUGE,

STORY

COSMETICS, DENTAL CREAM, HC.

Typical y Nippon •••

Sole Agent for Export

The Nippon S.P.C. Co., ltd.

Manufactured By

Okamoto Nobutaro Shoten TOKYO. NIPPON.

OF OU R CARTOON

e have a proverL in ippon reading: "Toran to seba mazu ataeyo," which when rendered into English 1 eans : "/ n order tCl take one must first give."

This, by the way, rerrrinds us of America's highly misleading and ambiguotls '"An Act to Promote the Defence of the United States," whioh is commonly known as the "Lend-Lease Act." II is intended to aid Britain, and empowers the President "to dispose of in any way which he pleases, to any foreign nation, that Roats or flies or can Le used to injure any enemy, w'ith or without payment, return or explanation to Congress or to the United States."

When Britain succeeded in dragging the US into the war, she thought he had put one over on her Yankee cousin. But lime will tell how this lenfl-Iease will opera te so as to deprive the vast holdings of the British Empire. Britain ,,,ill then be relegated to the position she had occupied in tile days of William the Conquerorthe only difference being that instead of William, it will be Roo evelt the Conqueror.

Under the lend-lease act the US has been making more loans, leaEes, or sa les to Britain of munitions, arms, food stuffs, etc. than the latter is able

W

or hopes to repay. What America has up her leeve is to give, give, and give, until Britain goes bankrupt, is bled white and can no longer repay. Then Uncle Shylock (that's what Britain call ed America because the latter had been inmsting upon the repayment of the British war debts incurred during the first European War) will forecloEe the British mortgage.

Roosevelt, a consummate showlI1an, incw'ably dictatorial, blatantly crude, over-confidential, devious, tyrannical, vainglorious in mentality, satiated with truculence outwardly and regimented inwardly, has shed Ius true color. By c1ucane--whooping to keep out of war-he has finally exposed his real 1Il0tive and ambition beneath the Jekyll aud Hyde personality.

Churc!ull is a pretty sln-ewd guy [or a Briton. News hawks have peddled the fact lhat Churchill is a halfYankee--his mother being an American and father a Briti h. Bul have they succeeded in their aLlempt to cemenl the none-too-good Anglo-American reo lations by such maudlin sentiment?

The theme of our cartoon depicts tllese two Anglo-Saxons' mutual rapa· city, greed, Ilypocrisy and betrayal. ow who gOl the beLler of the bargain under the "Ieno- Iease"-Roo eyelt 01 Churchill ?

NIPPONGO

WE (2)

By ISIGURO YOSIMI

J\ (in ca e of a particle) i

pronowlced ? and is

used ill the nominative case. ?

NI PPO N

J111' old_new; f resh r

::;!s;;l'. ?= land, country. ippon is an old coun try.

1J r IJ

"7A .

r'J7A) tlU're is ...

Ther e i s u long h istory in Nippon.

r:.J1'

=

r IJ 7A.

=

7-( IJ '.!) CJ 'E

=

r:.J1'

:e too; also

r

IJ"7 A .

The Philippines are a lso in Asia.

= ''!)~J J\

4

The foregoing can also he stated as foll ows.

Nippon h as n long hi s tory.

In fact it is rather com· Illon to ex press thusly in Nippongo.

T51

=r

IJ7A.

north_south =. "t=.. east tn;;.

N i ppon is in the no r th.

~::;!

7A ha ve ; lu,s.

= [ni],

VT:;

America ]>;;I'JtJ · Africa r?'J 1; . ... =..I1"tJ= in .. ..

Nippon is in Asia.

1"nl' long_ short =.4 tJl'. history v~ ;; -geogra· :e '.!I T

1"1J1

=/\ [ =?J (... n

=''!) ~ J)\

7A. 4 [l'J, 4 [:JJ

. .· 7

= ''!) ~ J =J\

r:J1> Asia_Europe 3-0",, \.

='.!)~J J\ 1"1J1 VT:;"7 'E''!) T .¢.

pity ';"J.

)

7-(IJ,.!)C:J)\

::1"::

=

Illest

r

=;;.

IJ"7A .

The Philippines are in t he so ut h.

='.!) ~ J)\

7-( IJ '.!) CJ.J

T51

pIJ"7A .

1944

260 4

7-(IJ''!)CJ}\ r IJ"7A.

=',!) ~ J.J

'" [t J, ill [po], J [n], ? Twa], ? [fu], JIJ [ru], l' [i) , ? lku], ::f. [de), A [sn) , r [a) , 5l [tal , s [ra], ;; [shi], 1" fila], ti [nga], v Ire], '" 110], :;t [0], :e [mo], T [te], :J [ji], .;. [clli) , 'J [ri], 1> [ya], 3 Iyo], o II"OJ, , \ [pa], ?-(' Ifi], C [pi], =. [m i], t [hi).

Nippon is a loug island cowltry exte nding from north to south.

='!)~J.J

T5l" r5l 5l1J :#"?..

"

r~~tJ-(

ttb-( cold-. hot r'!J-( ,

~j"~

t6? ,

warm - Hool

;:It

~,,-(

North of

ippon is cold while the so uth

is warnl.

There are two kinds of the u e of adjective: (1) addition al and (2) predicative.

1 ) ='!)~J"

r5l5l1Ji?= :#"?..

Nippon is a warm country.

(2 ) = '!)~J"

:#"?..

r5l5l1J

Nippon is warm.

In the predicative use when more than two sentences nre connected, sometimes th e terminative or the ending of an adjective may change.

/ of Nippon is uorlh of the Philippines.

The Philippines are 80uth of Nippon .

='!)~J"

,,-..?= = ? for

~~?=

,,-.. island

+ ?=

:#"?.. land, country ("K " ill

insular cOlmtry.

Nippon is an iusular country.

~~? =

:#"?..

The Philippines are also au island country.

= '!)~J" T5l 1J5 j"tJ1' ~~?= :#"?..

~ j" ~ '\

" (in case of a particle) is pronounced I and is used to designate a direction. . .. tJs ~" from .. to ... ~

?

[ngu) , I

[e), / [no), b [mu), tJ [ka),

r5l5l1J1'.

j" '!)

r'!)i.

" rT " " 71

"

'!)

[tsu) , ~ [zu).

"?.;;(~i.

t 6i.

T'!) summer, r:f aulumn,

?~ winter.

When the foregoing four sen tences are combined in pairs they read as foUows:

J'JII spring,

sak~ of euphony is converted into voiced "G") =

7-( IJ '!) CJ 'E

" II,

"'ll rT " "?.;;(:.;?, " "'ll i. " j"1!) r'!)?, " :#" "'ll

r5l5l1J? ,

r5l5l1J? ,

='!)~J

j" '!)

71 "

"

r'!)?, t 61'.

---

j" '!) " 71 "

J>'!)i. t 6i.

II

rT "

"?"?..~

71 "

t 61'.

" rT "

r5l5l1J? , "?.;;(~?,

o doubt you understand the meaning.

Spring is warm.

Summer is hot.

Autumn is cool.

Winter is cold.

S pring is warm and summer is hot .

Aul umn is cool and winte r is cold.

S priug is warm and antumn is cool.

S umme r is hoI and winte r is cold.

In Nippou s pring is warm, s ummer is hOI , autumu is cool aod "int is cold.

-=

+= [:.'i7=] +=J'l December, -J'l January,

=~ February.

Wioter is December, January and February.

~ [?'7'.!I = 1i'.!I]. 1m 1'-11, 3i [j] .

March. I" and, Im~ April. 3i~ May. In Nippon s pring is March, April and May.

I1j"J]'

-=~

In Nippongo a coordinate conjllllction I" is omitted, and is usua lly placed after the first word and to LtSf' commas (,) in subsequent places. However, it is nol WIU ual to omit the coojllll ctioo entirely and to use the commas (,) in lead.

"JII

="

?'J:?~ 1 "t 1J

"'.!I?!J-( beautiful.

"T .f/ower.

ij:?5 ./ "t tJ 1j"?S /

-t:: ['-I ; ], J\ [J) ; -t:: J'l July , J\ J'l

] Augus t.

S ummer is June, July aod August.

' " [O?j,

'" J'l June,

=f~.

+ fL +-.FJ "

:P=t=

11. I?] , + [:.'i7 = :.'i~"), +- [:.'i7-(;J 11. J'l September, + J'l October, +- J'l November.

1j"*-;o~ blaom.

ij=t=7~.

"T cherry flower. (In Nippongo both '路flo路

" :lr " and "blossom " are called ,,1"). In Eoglish, when we speak pf "c11erry" it meaos the fruit, but in Nippongo urdinarily 1j"?S alone desigoates flower. The famous SAKURA of Nippon is gazed upon merely as a flower.)

Beaotiful flower blooms in the s pring.

The cherr y Hower blooms.

iDiot ,\t tJ'

ij=t=7~.

-(O-(OT various;

di!ferent kit/ds oj.

D ifferent kinds of Howers bloom.

Autumn is September, October and Novem ber.

:PD,

tf 3

:.'i ~ Ijll], ., [lI], f [do).

ij=t=-

7~.

[:;t)

:P3, =t=10 , 1010t "t tJ'

red 1':1 .:j:.(a

blue

,,,t

?~"'./

"T "T "T "T

"t~

1':1-(

fruit, ;'./111 ripen ; bear fruit.

In the a utumn various kinds of fruits ripen .

yellow .:j:-(a-( purple; violet bS1.t.:j:./ !la white !la.( ?a black ?O-( -(;t (dog) In English colors may he noun or adj ective, hut in Nippongo the adjectives are different as shown above.

T f etc. ( et cetera ) others Red, blue, yellow, violet, white and various othe r kinds of flowers bloom. bS1.t.:j:

"t'!} =J\

?, t

T 1)

~1'7t>rj

~~~. ~1>? [~!!I?]

=-nJ I

f'

./

;t1'~1'

oj~?

grape,

? IJ chestnut,

apple, 1l.:j: persim. mandarin orange, -;t -(.

!I.( delicious; sweel.

D elicio us fr uits (such as) pear, grape, apple, p er simmon, ches tnut, mandarin orange, etc. ripe n.

J'T =J\ T./ J\ 1) J'n? "t IJ ~~ .

"t '! ) . / t~ t ./)\5 J\ T TV1' #~.

J

1>~ mountain. ./ "S jiekJ. T and. .:j:v-( pretty.

J'3?路

1':1?T = 1'3.( + '.J!I

In the s ummer the mountain and field are green and pretty.

?~'f:'/

IJj j

;.1l j

1> and, .:j: tree, ~-(~1>? !I~~ grow.

Grass and tree gt:ow in the s ummer.

?i.t grass,

? IJ ,

nT,

[ ,.."?]

T!I pear,

mon,

"t

=-./ IJ ~~ .

1) ~?

IJ J~,

jj.'rj,

J'T./ t~ t TV1' #~.

T1'O

J\ t~ J\

t

5l1"v

1'1l? t'J~~ tums or becomes red or crimson. ,,1>!I wood. ~-(,\j very. (Both .:j:v.( and ?'Y?!J-( mean "pretty, fin e, heautiful," hut here ~.(,\j .:j:v-( is us.ed in the sense of "beautiful. "

.:j: tree. " leaf.

In the autumn the trees and leaves turn yellow or crimson.

The mountain a nd wo od i n the a ut lLm n are very b eautiful.

1. T 1)

71. =J\

~* snow..... 1'lII rain.

7

J ~~.

1

?'J~~ f alls.

In the winte r snow fall s.

1. T J\

~O?T

-I.'

.,..~.

!Ja?7' = !Ja.( + :JOlT

Snow i s white and pre tty.

J'T =J\

=-./ IJ~~.

1'o1'O"t

?~'f:'/ 1)

='~~J J\

rj'!}?~1'?=

Nippon is a beautiful coun try.

b [se], ~!I [cho], " [ha], ~ [da], oj [bu] , f'? [do], j [go], '\ Qle].

#~.

PHILIPPINE SOCIETY OF JAPAN A Foundational Juridical Body Incorporateil for the Purpoae of Promoting Better Relation. Between Japan and the Philippines OFFICERS: President · . . . . . ' . ' . . . . . . . . . .

Vice.Pr eeide nt & OIairman or the B oard of D irecto r s· Ad visor· . . . . .

Man aging Director Secretary· . . . .

HEADQUARTERS : KANS A I OFFICE : KYUSYU OFFICE :

· Viscount Nag akage Okabe · LL·Geo. Mosa baru Dommn · Marquis Yorioada Tokugawa · l\l a jor·Gene rnl Knonmc 5alo · Bioakichi Okamolo

*

32 Gazenbo, Azabu, Tokyo 31 -1 Utihonmati Hasizume. Higasi. Osaka Mori Heibee. Manager.

88 Hanabata. Kumamoto Hurusyo Kenziro. Manager.

ARAIKO is a toilet powder AZUKI which can be used in place of soap and has greater efficacy than soap. It is made from pure azuki (mango beans) and contains ingre. dients which will nourish and beautify the skin and complexion. AZUKI AR AIKO can be u sed effectively with hard, hot-spring, or mineral waters.

MANUFACTURED BY

FUJIMURA ISSEIDO 26. Kanasugi·kawaguti. Siba. Tokyo. Nippon.

TRANSMlSSION 2-(For

J Z J JZ K

Sou .hwe.aera

A, la)

Tokyo ' . . • . . . . . .•

1 :~

Jraa ' • . • . • • • • • • .

8:~10:15

3:-45 a. m. p .m .

Arabi., Ir .1e: •••. • •• 7: ~ 9:45 p . m .

TUJ'key . . . . . • . • . . 6:30- 8:45 p. m .

J Z J lJ.800 ke l. ..

25.42 m.

JL T2 9.654 ke l. ..

31.10 m.

A .M .

l :30-Ne w. in French 2:OI>-N ewa in Ar.bi<:

2:50-New. in EnKli. h 3:15-New. in Nipponele

TRANSM ISSION 5 -(For I.d la" S.u.b· wulern A.I. ) TokYo' . . . . . . . . • . 0:00- 2:00 p . m .

Calcu tta ' . 8:30-18:30

J ZJ

JLG 4

'.m.

11.800 kc/ s..

15.105 kc / a..

25.42 m.

19.79 m.

".AI. 8:00-N ew .

8:20-New. 8:40-New. 9:00-N ew' lO:OO-Ne w'

io io in in in

Ni pponese Canto n eae Dia lect Fukieneae D ial ect St a n dard Ch ineae Ruu is n

TRANSMISSION 12-(For

2:30-~:in' +nu~ki~8(~;d~~aFri:lurS~~)S.t.)

P.M .

U ,800 kc / s..

15.160 kc/s. .

25.42 m.

19.86 m.

O:30-New. in T a mil l:OI>-N ewa & Co mmentuJ' in Ir.nia n ( T un ..

Thuu. &. Sa l .) or in T urki.h (W e d .• Fri. & Sun.) l:30-New. in Aubic

TRANSMISSION IQ- (For

C b l.a)

Tokyo' . . . . 8:00--10:15 p., ...

M~cow ' . • • • . . . . . 2:00-- 4:15 p.m .

lodl a)

Tob o • . . . . . . . 10:30 p.m.-l:15 •. m.

Ca lc utt a' . . . • . . 7:()() p .m.-9:4S p.m .

J Z J 9.535 kc/s. , 31.46 m.

JLG 2

9.505 kc/ s..

P.M.

10:30-New. in H industa ni l1 :00-New. in Urd u l1::n--New. in Tamil

31.57 m.

A .M .

O:OO-N e wa in .Ensli.h l : OO-N e~

in Nip PoDue

TRANSftllSSION 13-(For

Pblllppl." , F rench Indo-C hiD'" Thai, Eat Indio and BUl'ma)

Tobo ' . . . . . . . 10".30 p.m .- 1:16 •. m .

Bangko k. S a igon ' . 8:30 p.m.-ll:15 p.m .

J Z J 11 .800 ke/ a. .

25.42 m.

J VW2 9.675 kc/ s..

31.01 m .

P.M .

10:30-New. l1:OO-New. ll:40--Ne ws l1 :55-N ew.

in French in Tha i in Teaa loa in M a lai

A .M .

O:lo--N ewl in Burmeae 0:35-N ew. in N i pponese l~Newa in EnaJish

Manufactured & Distributed by

TAKEDA YAKUHIN KOGYO K. K. Formerly Ch. Takeda & Co., Ltd. OSAKA, NIPPON. Cahle Ad,lreoo :

MANILA OFFICE :

~

T AKEY AKUKO OSAKA ~

109, Escolta.

Tel. 22, 974- 6

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