Encyclopedia of the Philippines [Volume 9 : Builders of the New Philippines - Part 1 of 2 by Filipiniana Online

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Encyclopedia of

the Philippines

From Painti1Lg by L eon Go/-don L_ QUEZON The First President of the Philippines MANUEL

ENCYCLOPEDIA r'

OF THE

PHILIPPINES THE LIBRARY OF PHILIPPINE LITERATURE ART AND SCIENCE ZOlLO M. GALANG Author of " P erpetual Summer ," "Ing Capa)lj,l'~ " Sonya and Ot her Stories," "Flower of Civilization ," ' 'Secrets of Success"

Editor CAMILO OSIAS President, Nation al Universit y

Consulting Editor Assisted by the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF THE PHILIPPINES NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE PHILIPPINES STATISTICS DIVI SION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND COMMERCE SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY AND OTHEnS

VOLUME NINE

BUILDERS OF'THE NEW PHILIE~~ ILLUSTRATED

PUBLISHED BY

P. VERA & SONS COMPAN (VERSONCO)

Manila, Philippine Islands

1936

PEDRO V')ERA

FIRST EDITION

. I~("';

INTRODUCTION On the eve of the completion of the ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES, it gives me pleasure to state that Mr. Zoilo M. Galang, the editor of the publication has taken pains to make of this unique work a library of Philippine information. As this is a pioneer work and Mr. Galang is the first to edit and write portions of a Philippine encyclopedia, there necessarily are omissions that had to be made and the work is not without shortcomings. Nevertheless Mr. Gal4-ng deserves commendation for pioneering in this venture to have a set of ten (10) volumes dealing with Philippine literature, biography, commerce and industry, art, education and religion, government and politics, science, history, builders of the new Philippines, and general information and index. The making of an encyclopedia is a continuous work and it is hoped that sufficient support may be given the editor and publishers, so that after a reasonable lapse of years, they would undertake to revise, improve, and enlarge it. To many, the publication of the ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES was deemed "impossible" but Mr. Galang saw the challenge and, despite hardships and handicaps he undertook the difficult task and for this if for nothing else he deserves a place in the present volume among the builders of the nation. Born in Bacolor, Pampanga, on June 27, 1895, and son of Santiago Galang and Vicenta Mercado, Zoilo M. Galang who is the first Filipino novelist v

in English was educated in the Bacolor Central School Tr;de School of Pampanga, Pampanga High School: and Escuela de Derecho de Manila where he graduated in 1919. Through self-study and practice he became stenographer and typist in English and Spanish, and worked with the Pacific Commercial Co., Inc., Vacuum Oil Co. Inc., General Motors Corporation Manila Branch, Erlanger and Galinger, Inc., and other firms, as stenographer; with Dizon & Co. Inc., as secretary and representative; and with Galang and Cruz Plantation, Inc., as president and manager. He was president of the Pampangan Bachelors of Manila and the Filipino Forum of New York. He attended a special course in English at the College of Liberal Arts of the University of the Philippines of Manila in 1925 and pursued an advanced oourse on literature at Columbia University, New York, in 1926. From 1926 to 1928 he made a world tour. He is the author of several books of fiction, biography, and inspirational essays including: A Child of Sorrow, Nadia, Leonor Rivera, Springtime, Leaders of the Philippines, Gli117-pses of the World, Life and S~w足 cess, Master of Destiny, Unisophy, etc. The editor of the monumental Encyclopedia of the Philippines, or the modern Library of Philippine Literature., Art and Science, in ten volumes, 1934-1936, is animated by the laudable desire to serve. CAlVIlLO OSIAS

PREFACE Those who love their work and finish what they have set out to do for the good of the community; those who have the courage to break away from old creeds and conventions in order to fulfill their mission in life; those who achieve and accomplish outstanding service for God and Country; those who, in deed and in thought, blaze the way for others and leave behind them a noble ideal,-these are the builders: the silent workers in all walks of life, the men of great achievement, the builder-leaders who mayor may not be noticed by the multitude. Such are the thinkers and the doers-the leaders of a nation, the Builders of the Philippines. "When Life is true to the poles of Nature," remarked the great Emerson, "the streams of Truth will roll through us in song." The builder is like that--natural and truthful-leading and building for today and tomorrow. This Volume IX, Builders of the New Philippines, of the series contains the largest number of biographical sketches ever printed here on our living successful men and women who, in our opinion, are the representative ones in all lines of human endeavor. This biographical list is not claimed to be free from errors and omissions, as there are some other important builders who may have escaped our notice, but up to the time of printing, these persons included herein are the ones whose biographies we were able to secure or whose records are found in our archives. 1

To those who have cooperated with us and to those who have furnished us with the necessary data which we requested, we hereby tender our most heartfelt thanks. The list will grow as new builders are found. ZOlLO M. GALANG Manila, June, 1936

TABLE OF CONTENTS L. QUEZON-Painting by L. Gordon . Frontispiece INTRODUCTION •.....•...•........ . . . .. Camilo Osias V MANUEL

PREFACE PAGE

Abad, Antonio M. ........ Abad Santos, Jose ........ Abada y Jeresa, Esteban R1aymundo .............. Abdon, Bonifacio ......... Abellana, Hilario ......... Abeto, Quirico ............ Abreu, Jose C. ............ Abriol, Rufino ... ,........ Acosta-Sison, Honoria .. . .. Adduru, Marcelo ..•....... Adolio, Andres ........... Adriano, Felipe T. ........ Africa, Candido M. ........ Agan, Vicente ............ Agcaoili, Andres .......... Aglipay, Gregorio ......... Agoncillo, Felipe ......... Aguilar, Celedonio ........ Aguilar, Eusebio D. ....... Aguilar, Faustino ......... Aguilar, Jose V. .......... Aguilar, Jr., Martin ...... Aguinaldo, Andrea del Rosario de ............... Aguinaldo, Emilio ......... Aguinaldo, Leopoldo R. ... Agustin, Gregorio San .... Alano, Juan S. ............ Alas, Antonio de las ...... Albert, Alejandro ........ Albert, Jose ............. Albert, Mariano A. ........ Albo, Vicente ............

PAGE

Alcid, Gregorio ........... Aldanese, Vicente- ......... Aldecoa, Eladio R. ........ Alejandrino, Jose ......... Alfonso, Victor ..... . .... Almeda-Lopez, Natividad Alonso, Hermogenes ....... Alonzo, Agustin S. ........ Altavas, Enrique ......... Altavas, Jose ............ Alunan, Rafael R. ...... . . Alzate, Manuel A. ......... Ambrosio, Dominador B. .. Amorsolo, Fernando ...... Amorsolo, Pablo .......... Ampil, Isaac .......... . .. Ancheta y Amon, Pio ...... Anderson, H. C. ........... Anderson, William ..... . .. Anderson, William H. ..... Andreas, H. R. ........... Angara, Jose A. ......... Angeles, Marcelino ....... Angeles, Sixto de los ...... Anonas, Gregorio ......... Antonio, Pablo S. ........ Antonio, Sylvestre M. .... Apacible. Galicano ....... Apostol, Cecilio ........... Aquino, Alberto .......... Aquino, Benigno S. ....... Aragon de Quezon, Aurora Arambulo, Primo .......... Araneta, Salvador .......

17 17 19 20 20 20 21 22 22 23 23 24 25 25 26 27 29 29 30 31 31 32 33 34 35 37 38 39 39 40 41 42 3

42 43 44 45 46 47 47 48 49 50 51 52 55 55 57 58 59 59 60 61 62 63 64 64 66 67 68 69 69 69 70 72 72 73

PAGE

Arcenas, Antonio ......... Arellano, Juan M. ........ Arguelles, Angel S. ....... Arguelles, Manuel V. ...... Arguelles, Tomas ......... Arias, Vicente ............ Arolas Tulawi ........... Arranz, Melencio ......... Arroyo, Jose M. ......... Artadi, Jose .............. Arteche, Pedro A. ......... Artiaga, Santiago ........ Aruego/ Jose ............ Aunario, Pedro ........... A':v~ncefia, Amando ...... Avancefia, Ramon ........ A velino, Jose ............ A very, Henry C. ,......... Avila, Vicente ............ Bachrach, Emanuel M .... Balili, Perfecto B. ... .... Balmaceda, Cornelio ...... Balmaseda, Julian Cruz .. , Balmori, Jesus ..........â&#x20AC;˘. Balmori, Joaquin ......... Baltasar, Rodolfo ......... Baluyut, Roman .......... Baluyut, Sotero .......... Bantug, Jose P. .......... Bafiaga, Gregorio M. ...... Barnes, E. C. ...... . ..... Barredo y Alonso. Fausto.. Barretto, Alberto ......... Barrion, Antonio ......... Barrios, Conrado ...... . .. Bartolome, Candido C. ..... Barza, Isaac .............. Bautista, Felix B. ......... Bautista, Marcelino ...... Beck, Isaac .............. . Bejasa, Braulio ........... Benedicto, Teodoro ...... . .

Bengzon, Cesar ........... Benitez, Conrado ......... Benitez, Francisco ......... Bennett, Roy Coleman .... Benton, Lawrence ........ Bernabe, Jose ............. Bernabe, Manuel ........ . Bewley, Luther B. ........ . Beyer, H. Otley .......... Bilog, Gregorio M. ....... Binag, Miguel G. .......... Bishop, A. H. .......... . . BIas, Angel de ............ Blunt, Arthur Powlett . . .. Bocar, Juan L ........... Bocobo, Jorge ............ Boncan, Marcelo T. ...... Bonifacio, Arsenio ........ Bonto, Jose ............. . . ,Bordner, Harvey Albert ... Borromeo, Fortunato Borromeo, Gregorio ...... B0rromeo, Leon ........ . . Borromeo, Mercedes de la Rama .................. Bowers, Clarence H. .. . .. Brias, Antonio ............ Brillantes, Sixto .... . ..... Briones, Manuel C. ....... Brown, Roy Howard ...... Buenafe, Bernardo L. ..... Buenaflor, Tomas ........ Buenaventura, Antonio F. Buencamino, Jr., Felipe ... Buencamino, Victor ....... Buendia, Nicolas B. Bueno, Maximino G. Bustamante, Jose E. Butte, George C. ......... Buyson-Lampa; Mariano ..

74 74 '76 77 78 78

79 80 80 80 81 82 82 83 g3 g4 85 86 87

88 89 89 90 92 92 92 93 94 95 96 96 97 98 !)!)

100 100 100 102 102 103 104 104

105 106 106 108 1,08 109 109 109 110 113 114 114 114 115 115 115 117 118 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 122 122 123 124 124 125 125 126 127 127 128 128 129 130

Cabahug, Sotel'o B. . ..... 130 Cabarroguis, Leon ...... . . 131 4

PACE

Cabili, Tomas L. . ....... . Cacho, Jesus .....â&#x20AC;˘....... Cacho, Mariano M. . ..... . Cailles, Juan ...... . ..... . Calderon, Fernando . ..... . Camacho, Teodoro ....... . Campos, Alberto ......... . Campos, Pedro J. . ...... . Campos Rueda, Antonio . . . Camus, Jose S. . ........ . Camus, Manuel ......... . Canonoy, Mateo M ....... . Canson, John ........... . Cantera, Fernando de la .. . Capistrano, Nicolas .. . ... . Caram, Fermin ......... . Carino, Jose O......... . . . Carman, Philip D . . ...... . Carmelo, Alfredo ........ . Carmona, Vicente ..... . .. . Caro, Ramon ........... . Carreon, Manuel L. . ..... . Castillejo, Lino .......... . Castillejos, Juan L. . ..... . Castillo, Modesto ........ . Castro, Servando ......... . Cavender, Howard M..... . Cea, Severo ............. . Cecilio y Velarde, Aurelio .. Celebrado, Francisco ..... . Chaves, Pedro .......... . Chaves, Restituto C. . . ... . Chicote, Alfredo ...... . .. . Chioco, Florentino ....... . Clarin, Olegario B ........ . Clemente, Tomas S. . ..... . Cline, Charles V. . ...... . . Cojuangco, Jose ......... . Collas, Juan ............. . Concepcion, Hermogenes ~.. . Concepcion, M. de Gracia .. Concepcion, Pedro ........ . Confesor, Tomas

PACE

132 132 132 133 133 135 136 136 138 138 139 141 141 142 143 143 144 144 146 147 148 149 150 150 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 157 158 158 159 159 159 159 160 161 5

Consing, Timoteo ...... . .. Corpus, Pio V ............ Corpus, Rafael ........... Costa, Sixto de la ......... Cotterman, Charles Mason Cotterman, Leo K . . .. ..... Craig, Austin . ........... Cruz, Castor P. ..... . .... Cruz, Florentino .... .. . . .. Cruz, Hermenegildo .. ... .. Cruz, Jose Esperanza ..... Cruz, Roman A. .. .. ...... Cruz, Servillano de la . . .... Cruz, Vicente de la .. . .... Cuaderno, Miguel ........ Cuenco, Mariano ..... . ... Cuenco, Miguel .... .. ..... Curato, Apolonio D ....... Curva, Julio ..............

163 163 163 165 165 166 167 168 168 168 169 170 170 171 171 173 173 174 174

Dankwerth, George C. ... . . Dans, Jose P . .... .. ...... David, Pablo Angeles ...... David, Romulo M. ... . ..... David, Saturnino ..... . ... David, Toribio ......... . .. Dazai, S. ................ Dee C. Chuan ......... . ... Dee Hong Lue ........ . ... Delgado, Francisco A. ..... Delgado, Jose M. ...... . .. Diaz, Anacleto ........... Diaz Moreu de Elizalde, Carmen .................... Diaz, Emilio Araneta ... . .. Dick, R. McCulloch ........ Dimaano, Eusebio G. . . .... Dimaano, Gregorio ........ Dino, Teodosio ............ Diokno, Ramon ........... Dizon, Paciano ........... Dizon, Tomas ...... , ...... Dominguez, Juan ..........

175 176 177 177 178 179 179 180 180 181 183 183 184 186 186 187 188 188 189 189 190 191

PAGE

P A GE

Dorado, Jose A. . . ....... . Ducusin, Donato ... . . . ... . Dulay, Pedro D. . . . . ..... . Dumlao, Sant iago .. . ..... . Dwyer, Bessie A. . ... . . . . Dy Buncio, Guillermo ..... .

192 192 193 194 195 197

Earnshaw, Tomas . ..... . . Elicafio, Victoriano ...... . Elizalde, Angel . . ...... . . . Elizalde, Joaquin M. . . ... . Elizalde, Manuel ..... . . . . Elser, Edwin E. . . .. .... . Enage, Fra ncisco . . .. .. . . . Encarnacion, Nicolas .. . . . Encarnacion, Pedr o . . .... . Endencia, Pastor M. . .... . Enriquez, Miguel ..... .. .. . Erquiaga, B. de .. . ... . ... . Escoda, Josefa Llane s ... . Espiritu, Jose A. . .. ... . . . Espiritu, Santiago .. .â&#x20AC;˘ . .. . Estella, Jose A. . ........ .

198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 205 205 206 206 207 208 208

Fabella, Gabriel F. . ..... . Fabella, Jose ... . ........ . Fabella, Vicente ...... . . . . Fabian, Agustin C. . ..... . Fairchild, Geor ge H. . . . .. . Fajardo, Jacobo ......... . Farrales, Bernardo ...... . Fausto, Jose P ........... . Faypon, Perfecto ........ . Feliciano, Jose M. . .. . .... . Felipe, Julian . ........... . Felix, Alfonso ........... . Felix, Jose ......... . .... . Fernandez, Leandro H. . .. Fernandez, Ramon J. . .... . Fernandez, Vicente T ..... . Festin, Leonardo ........ . Figueras, Jose .......... . Finneman, William ...... .

209 209 211 211 212 213 215 215 215 216 217 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 223

Z{) 2

Fischer, Arthur F ........ Fischer, Leo ............. Flood, Raymond Paul ..... Flores, Augusto .......... Fonacier, Santiago ....... Formoso, Vicente ......... Fortich, Manuel .......... Francisco, Guillermo Francisco, Vicente J ....... Fresnido, Alfonso J. . ..... Frieder, Alex ............ Fuente, Manuel de la ...... Fuentebella, Jose ......... Fuentes, Fernando S. ...... Fuentes, Jovita .......... Fugate, James R .......... Fule, Eustaquio ..........

224 226 228 228 228 229 230 230 231 231 231 232 232 233 233 234 234

Gabaldon, Isauro ......... Gaches, Samuel F .......... Gaerlan, Juan ............ Gaerlan, Sixto ........... Gallego, Manuel V ........ Galvez, Jose S. .......... Gamboa, Jose ............ Gana, Vicente Q. ........ Garcia Perez de Tagle, Adolfo ....... . ......... Garcia, Carlos P .......... Garcia, Eulalio .......... Garcia Roxas, Simeon .... Garcia, Tirso ....... . ...... Garrido, Antonio ......... Gaston, Emilio ......... . . Gay, Manuela ............ Gearhart, Frank C. ....... Genato, Francisco C. ...... Generoso, Sebastian T. '" Geronimo, Tomas ......... Gil, Jose ................. Gil, Pedro ............... Gilmore, Roy K. ......... Giron-Tupas, Anastacia ...

235 236 238 238 239 240 240 240 241 242 242 243 244 245 245 245 246 246 246 247 248 249 249 250

PAGE

Goddard, Leonard S. Goldenberg, Michael Gomez, Guillermo ......... Gomez, Liborio ........... Gonzales, Leon Ma. ....... Gonzales Lloret, Ricardo .. Gonzales, Severino D. . ... Gonzalez, Antonio ......... Gonzalez, Bienvenido Maria Got, Adrian .............. Guerrero, Alfredo ........ Guerrero, Cesar Maria ... Guevara, Guillermo B. .... Guevara, Pedro .......... Guingona, Teopisto ....... Guinto, Leon G. ........... Gullas, Paulino A. ........ Gumban, Delfin ........... Gunnell, David G......... Gutierrez, Dionisio ....... Gutierrez David, Eduardo Gutierrez David, Jose .... Gutierrez, -Simeon ........ Guzman, Antonio ......... Guzman, Bernabe F. de ... Guzman, Esteban de ...... Guzman, Gonzalo ..... . ...

250 251 252 253 253 254 255 256 257 257 258 258 258 259 259 261 262 262 263 263 264 264 265 266 266 266 267

Hacbang, Sofronio ........ Hadji Butu .............. Hagedorn, F. C........... Hall, Theo. L. ............ Halsema, Eusebius Julius .. Hamilton, Charles R. ...... Hamme, William Rockford Hansen, Harald .......... Harden, Fred M. ......... Harrison, Francis Burton .. Hartendorp, Abram van Heyningen ................. Hausman, Louis M. ....... Haussermann, John William Hawthorne, S. R. .........

269 269 270 270 270 272 273 274 274 275

PAGE

275 276 276 279 7

Hayden, Joseph Ralston Hayes, James T. Gâ&#x20AC;˘...... Haynes, Albert ........... Headington, John L. ....... Hechanova. Manuel V ..... Heffington, John J. ........ Heilbronn, Joseph P ....... Hermoso, Vicente ......... Hernaez, Pedro C. ......... Hernandez, Gabriel K. ..... Hernandez, Jaime ......... Hernandez, Juan S. de . . .. Hernandez, Maximo C...... Hibbard, David S. ......... Hidalgo-Lim, Pilar .... . .. Higdon, Elmer Kelso ...... Hilado, Serafin P. . ...... Hilario, Ceferino .......... Hilario, Jose M. .......... Hilario, Zoilo .......... . .. Hmd, Robert Renton ...... Hizon, Primo ............. Hocson y Valenzuela, Felix. Hontiveros, Jose .......... Horilleno, Antonio ........ Hoyer, Arthur ............ Hull, John A .............. Hyde, Edward R. .........

280 280 281 281 282 282 283 284 285 285 286 287 288 288 290 290 291 292 292 293 293 295 296 297 298 299 299 301

Imperial, Carlos A. ........ Imperial, Domingo ........ Imperial, Jose F. Samson Ingersoll, Frank Bassett '" Inting, Bernardino ........ Irving, Clement F .........

301 303 303 304 305 3,05

Jacinto, Alfredo Victoria no . Jacinto, Nicanor .......... Jacobe, Cayetano ......... J ames, Clark ............. James, Marcian ........... J amora, Celso B. ......... Jara-Martinez, Josefa

306 306 307 307 308 309 310

PAGE

Jaranilla, Delfin .......... Javier, Abdon ............ Jimenez, Ildefonso D...... Jones, James Weldon ...... Jose, Felipe E. .. . .. . ...... Jose, Filemon . ............ Joya, Mariano H. de ...... Jugo, Fernando .........â&#x20AC;˘ Jumawan, Sergio G....... Jureidini, Anis Nassoor ... . Jurgens, Constancio ......

312 313 313 314 315 316 317 319 320 3,20 321

Kabigting, Balbino .. . ..... Kahn, Leopoldo ... . .. . .... Kalaw, Maximo M. .. . .... Kalaw, Teodoro M. .. . ..... Kanigae, Saitaro ......... Kapunan, Ruperto ........ Kasilag y Mendoza, Marcial Kaufmann, Julius ... . .... Kintanar, Agustin Y . . . ... Kintanar, Cesar A. ........ Klar, J. L . . . . ........ , . .. Kneedler, Harold M........ Kneedler, Harry D........ Kraut, M. ................ Kuder, Edward M.........

321 322 323 325 328 328 329 330 330 330 331 331 331 332 332

Labrador, Alejo ........... Labrador, Juan ........... Lacson, Isaac ............. Lacson, Ricardo C. ........ Lagdameo, Salvador ....... Lagman, Eligio .......... Lagman, Rogerio . ......... Laguio, Perfecto E. ....... Langcauon, Prudencio ..... Laperal, Roberto ......... Laperal, Victorina G. de ... Lapid, Esteban G......... Lara, Hilario ............. Larkin, William Wiley .... Latonero, Ciriaco L. . ....

333 333 334 334 335 337 337 339 340 341 342 343 344 346 347

Laubach, Frank Charles 348 Laurel, Jose P. . ......... 349 Lavides, Francisco ....... 350 Laya, Ubaldo D. .......... 350 Lazo, Vicente T. . ........ 351 Ledesma, Juan ............ 351 Legarda, Vicente L. ....... 352 Leon, Apolinario S. de .... 355 Leon, Bonifacio R. de ..... 356 357 Leon, Crescencia Ramos de Leon, Dionisio de ......... 358 Leon, Jose L. de .......... 358 Leon, Luis N. de .......... 360 Lesaca, Juan G. .......... 360 Lesaca, Potenciano ....... 360 Liboro, Agustin, ......... 361 Liboro, Cipriano ......... 362 Lichauco, Marcial P. ...... 363 Light, J. W. .............. 363 Lim, Alejandro T. . ...... 363 Lim, Manuel ............. 364 Lim, Vicente ............. 365 Limjap-Osmeiia, Esperanza . 365 Lim Tiaw Ping .......... 365 Lippay, Alexander ........ 366 Liquete, Leoncio Gonzales 367 Li Seng Giap ............. 367 Lizares, Simplicio ......... 368 Lizarraga, Tirso .......... 368 Lladoc, Casimiro .......... 368 Lockwood, Lot Dean ....... 369 Locsin, Arsenio ........... 371 Locsin, Diego ............. 371 Locsin, Jose C. ........... 371 Locsin, Mariano A. ....... 372 Lopez, Alejandro .......... 37~ Lopez, Estanislao R. ....... 373 Lopez, Eugenio ........... 373 Lopez, Eusebio ............ 373 Lopez-Rizal, Leoncio ...... 374 Lopez, Maria ............ 374 Lopez, Natalio ............ 375 Lopez, Sixto .............. 375 8

PAGE

McCloskey, James P. McCormick, J. Scott McMicking, Jose ......... Melencio, Jose P .......... Melendez, Pedro .......... Melendres, Mariano ...... Melian, Antonio .......... Melliza, Raymundo ....... Menandang Piang ......... Mencarini, Joaquin D...... Mendez, Mauro .......... Mendoza, Higinio ......... Mendoza-Guazon, Maria Paz Mercado, Monico R. ....... Mabanag, Alejo .......... 384 Meyer, Paul A ............ Millar, Fabian R .......... MacArthur, Douglas ...... 385 Miller, Verne E. ......... Maceda, Antonio A. ....... 387 Mills, Vicente ............ Madrigal, Vicente ......... 387 Miranda, Irineo L. ....... Magalona, Enrique B. ..... 388 Misa, Eriberto B. ......... Magbalon, Domingo M. .... 389 Moldero, Saturnino ....... Magsalin, Pedro .......... 389 Malcolm, George A. ...... 39.0 . Molina, Antonio J. ....... Malvar, Potenciano ....... 391 Moncado y Camino, Hilario . Manalang, Angela C. ...... 392 Monserrat, Enrique ....... Manalo, Felix Isagun ..... 392 Montano, Justiniano S . . . . Maneja, Cecilio L ......... 394 Montemayor, Marceliano R .. Mafialac, Gabriel R. ...... 394 Montesa, Antonio ......... Mapa, Emilio ............ 395 Montilla, Enrique C. ...... Mapa, Placido L. .......... 395 Montilla, Gil M. .......... Mapua y Bautista, Tomas 396 Montilla, Luis ........... Marabut, Serafin ........ 397 Montinola, Ruperto ....... Maramag, Fernando M.... 399 Moore, Leonard Chapin .... Maramara, Juanito T ...... 400 Morales, Luis ............ Maramba, Daniel ......... 400 Moran, Manuel V. . ...... Marafion, Joaquin ........ 401 Morelos, Rafael M. ....... Marquez, Natividad ....... 401 Morokuma, Y ............. Marquez-Benitez, Paz ..... 402 Morrow, Louis Leravoire .. Marsman, Jan H .......... 402 Mosher, Gouverneur Frank. Martinez, Felix .......... 403 Mullen, Nicholas Edward Martinez, Rafael C. ...... 403 Murase, S ................ Maxey, Milburn A. ...... 403 Murphy, Frank ........... Maza, Ramon ............ 404 McCall, James E. ......... 404 Murphy-Teahan, Margaret Lopez, Vicente ............ Lorenzo, Jacinto .......... Lorenzo, Pablo ........... Lucas, Pablo ............. Lukban, Cayetano ......... Lukban y Martinez, Miguel Luna de San Pedro, Andres Luna, Carmen de ......... Luna, Joaquin D .......... Luna, Juan L ............ Lutero, Tiburcio .......... Luz, Arsenio N. .......... Lyons, E. S. ............

375 376 376 376 377 377 378 380 380 381 382 382 384

405 405 405 406 407 408 408 409 409 410 411 412 412 415 415 416 417 418 419 419 419 420 420 421 422 422 422 423 423 424 424 425 425 426 427 427 428 428 429 429 430 432

PAGE

N akpil, Juan F. ......... Nathorst, Carl Edward .... Natividad, Benito ........ Naval, Macario ........... Navarro, Juan ........... Navarro, Pedro B. ........ Navarro, Regino J ........ Nebrida, Venancio ........ Nepomuceno, Jose ........ Nepomuceno, Juan D ...... Nepomuceno, Ricardo ...... Nepomuceno, Vicente ...... Nera, Venancio ......... . . Nestle, Mark ............. Nieva, Gregorio .......... Noble, Vicente ........... Nolasco, Juan ............ N otario, Emilio .......... Nuyda, Justino ...........

433 434 436 437 437 437 438 439 439 440 440 441 441 442 442 443 443 444 444

Ocampo, Buenaventura .... Ocampo, Feliciano ........ Ocampo, Felicidad V ...... Ocampo e Hizon, Fernando . Ocampo, Jose S. .......... O'Doherty, Michael James Odom, William James .... Ohnick, Benjamin S. . ..... Ombra Amilbangsa ........ Opisso, Antonio M. ........ Oppus, Tomas ............ Orense, Eusebio .......... Orosa, Maria V ........... Ortega, Juan ............. Orteza, Jose C. ........... Ortiz, Montano A. ........ Ortiz, Sixto B. ........... Osias, Camilo ............ Osmefia, Sergio .......... Ozamis, Jose .............

445 445 445 446 447 447 448 449 449 450 450 451 452 452 453 454 454 454 456 458

Pablo, Guillermo F ........ 458 Pacis, Vicente Albano .... 458 10

Padilla, Jose ............. Padilla, Leonardo C. ...... Padilla, Sabino ........... Paez y Naval, Jose ....... Palanca, Carlos .......... Palencia, Pablo C. ......... Palileo, Lorenzo .......... Palma, Rafael ............ Pafigilinan, Benito ....... Paras, Ricardo ........... Paredes, Geronimo .... . ... Paredes, Jesus ............ Paredes, Jose Ma. ......... Paredes, Quintin ......... Parham, Archer B. ....... Passmore, Fred J. ........ Paterno, Feliciano P . . . . .. Paz, Emilio de la .......... Pecson, Geronima T ...... . Pelaez, Leon F. . ......... Penn, William L ........... Pena, Emilio ............. Perez, Asuncion Arriola .,. Perez, Baldomero ......... Perez, Cirilo B. .......... Perez, Eugenio ........... Perez, Federico ........... Perez, Filemon ........... Perez, Gilbert S. .......... Perez, Jesus G. . ......... Perez, Jose S. ............ Perez, Matias P. . ........ Perfecto, Gregorio ........ Perkins, Eugene A. ....... Piani, William ............ Piatt, Columbus Edmond .. Pica, Ramon Valdes ...... Pichay, Leon C. ........... Pickett, John T ........... Piedad, Federico .......... Pimentel, Narciso ......... Pio, Miguel P ............ Platon, Servillano ........

459 459 460 460 462 463 463 464 466 466 467 468 468 468 471 471 472 473 474 474 474 475 475 477 478 479 479 479 481 481 482 482 483 484 484 485 486 486 487 487 48S 489 489

PAGE

Poblador, Filemon ........ Policarpio-Mendez, Paz .... Polley, Mary E. .......... Pond, Horace B. .......... Posadas, Juan ............ Potenciano, Conrado ...... Prieto, Gabriel P. ........ Purisima, Ceferino ........ Putong, Cecilio ........... Puyat, Gonzalo ...........

489 490 491 491 492 494 494 494 495 496

Quezon, Manuel L. ....... Quimpo, Romualdo C. ..... Quirino, Demetrio ......... Quirino, Elpidio ........... Quirolgico, Alejandro ..... Quisumbing, Eduardo ..... Quisumbing, Francisco ....

497 500 500 500 501 502 503

Rafols, Nicolas ........... Rama, Esteban de la ...... Rama, Jose de la ......... Rama, Vicente ........... Ramos, Anacleto B. ....... Ramos, Antonio ........... Ramos, Narciso .......... Ramos, Simeon ........... Ranjo, Irineo ............. Raval, Ciriaco B. . ........ Rawson, Ralph French .... Razon, Benito ............ Razon, Jose ............... Recto, Claro M ............ Reese, Julius S. .......... Reeves, Albert N. ......... Regala, Roberto .......... Regalado, Inigo Ed. ...... Remo, Emiliano G........ Rennolds, William H. ..... Rel:'urreccion, Vicente Posadas .................... Revilla, Eulogio P. . ...... Revilles, Margarito E. . ...

5.03 504 504 504 505 505 506 506 507 508 508 509 511 511 512 513 513 515 515 515

Reyes, Alexander ......... Reyes, Fidel A. . ......... Reyes, Francisco S ........ Reyes, Gabriel M. ......... Reyes, Geronimo de los .... Reyes, Hermogenes ....... Reyes, Isabelo de los ...... Reyes, Joaquin ........... Reyes, Jose S. . . . . . . . . . . . .. Reyes, Jose de los ......... Reyes, Nicanor ........... Reyes, Severino .......... Reyna, Lamberto Siguion .. Richards, Crosby ......... Richardson, Quince E. .... Ricohermoso, Timoteo P. .. Rio, Tomas del ............ Riva, Antonio de la ....... Rivera, Felismeno V ...... Rivera, Godofredo ........ Rivera, Juan A. .......... Rivera, Pablo S. ......... . Robb, Walter J ........... Roces, Alejandro ......... Roces, Jr., Alejandro ..... Roces, Ramon ............ Rockwell, James C. ........ Rodas, Sotero ............ Rodriguez, Buenaventura .. Rodriguez, Celestino ....... Rodriguez, Eulogio B. .... Rodriguez, Eulogio M ...... Rodriguez, Maximo ....... Rogers, F. Theo. ......... Roldan, Arsenio .......... Romero, Jose E .......... Romualdez, Miguel ........ Romualdez, N orberto ...... R.omulo, Carlos P. ........ Roosevelt, Franklin Delano Roque, Norberto A. . ..... Rosa, Fabian de la ........ Rosa, Mariano de la ......

516 516 517 11

517 519 519 520 520 521 521 523 524 524 526 526 526 527 527 528 528 530 531 531 532 532 533 533 534 534 535 536 536 536 537 539 541 541 542 542 543 543 544 545 546 546 548

PAGE

PAGEl

549 549 550 550 551

Santos, Francisco R. 575 Santos, Jesus J ........... . 577 Santos, Lope K. . ........ . 578 Santos, Luis ............. . 579 580 Santos, Mariano V. de los Santos, Pablo B. ........ . 581 Santos, Paulino ......â&#x20AC;˘.... 583 Santos, Ricardo C. . ..... . 584 Santos Ocampo, Delfin ... . 585 Sanvictores, Jose E ...... . 586 Schaick, Louis J. van ..... . 587 Scheerer, Adolfo Asuncion 588 Schradieck, E. . .......... . 591 Sebastian, Proceso ....... . 591 Segundo, Fidel V. . ...... . 591 Selga, Miguel ............ . 593 Selph, Ewald E. . ........ . 595 595 Sevilla de Alvero, Rosa L. Sevilla, Victor ........... . 597 Shaw, William James ..... . 598 Sicam, Vicente ............ 599 Silayan, Hilarion S. ....... 599 Silvestre, Sisenando ....... 600 Singian, Gregorio . . ....... 601 Singson Encarnacion, Vicente ...................... 602 Sinsuat Balabaran ........ 603 Siochi, Pedro ............. 604 Sison, Antonio G. ........ 605 Sison, Pedro Maria ........ 605 Sison, Teofilo ............. 606 Sobral, Carlos A. . ....., ... 607 Sobrepena, Enrique C. . ... , 607 Soliven, Benito ............ 608 Soriano, Andres ........... 608 Sotto, Filemon ............ 609 Sotto, Vicente ............ 610 Springer, Roy Stanley ..... 611 Stagg, Samuel W ......... 612 Steele, James King ........ 612 Stevenot, J. E. H . . ........ 614 Sumulong, Juan .......... 617 Suntay, Angel ............ 619

Rosales, Jose A . ... . ...... Rosario, Amado del ....... Rosario, Luis del ..... .... Rosario, Mariano V. del ... Rosauro, Mariano ......... Rosenstock, Christian William ................... Rovira, Leopoldo ......... Roxas Gargollo, Antonio .. Roxas, Baldomero ..... .... Roxas, Hilario A. ......... Roxas, Mamerto .......... Roxas, Manuel ............ Roxas, Manuel Luz ...... Rubin, Antonio ........... Rufino, Ernesto D. . ..... Rufino, Vicente A. ...... . Ruiz, Juan ...... .. ...... . Rupisan, N. T. Rustia, Manuel S. . , ... ...

551 552 552 553 555 556 556 557 558 558 559 560 56.0 561

Sabido, Pedro ....... Saguin, Salazar, Angel ........... Salcedo, Victorino M. ..... Salet, H. N. .............. Salinas, Raymundo ........ Salmon, C. S. . . .......... Salvador, Celedonio ....... Sanchez, Conrado V. ...... Sancho, Santiago C. ...... Sancho, Silvestre ......... Sandiko, Teodoro ......... Sandoval, Claudio ......... Sandoval, Domingo J. .... Santamaria, Jr., Francisco Santiago, Basilio S. ...... Santiago, Francisco ....... Santiago, Jose Mossesgeld .. Santo Tomas, Enrique C. ... Santos, Alfonso ........... Santos, Cirilo B. .......... Santos, Exequiel M .......

561 562 562 563 563 563 564 564 565 565 565 566 567 568 568 569 570 571 572 574 574 575 12

PAGE

Valdes, Emiliano J. . ..... . Valdez Liongson, Pedro ... . Valenzuela, Patrocinio .... . Valle, Hubert del ........ . Vallejo, Ernesto ......... . Vargas, Jorge B .......... . Varona, Francisco ........ . Vasquez, Jose M ......... . Vasquez Prada, Enrique .. Veloso, Jose Ma. . ....... . V entanilla, Juan ......... . Ventura, Francisco R. . ... . Ventura, Honorio ........ . V er, Anastacio Q. . ....... . Vera, Jose O............ . Vera, Pedro ............. . Vera, Vicente de ......... . Vergara, Nicolas S. . ..... . Veridiano, Regino ........ . Verzosa, Alfredo ......... . Verzosa, Mauro .......... . Veyra, Fortunato de ...... . Veyra, Jaime C. de ....... . Veyra, Sofia R. de ....... . Vicente-Cosin, J. B ........ . Vickers, James C. . ...... . Victorino, Leodegario ..... . Villa, Ines S. . ........... . Villa, Jose Garcia ........ . Villamin, Vicente ......... . Villamor, BIas ........... . Villamor, Juan ........... . Villanueva, Guillermo .... . Villanueva, Hermenegildo .. Villarama, Antonio ....... . Villareal, Ceferino M. . ... . Villa-Real, Antonio ....... . Villaruel, Rosario ........ . Vito, Jose Lopez ..•.......

Suner, Teodulfo ........... 619 Sy Cip, Albino ............ 619 Sy Cip, Alfonso Z. ........ 62.0 Tabunar, Gabino .......... Tait, George K. ........... Tait, Stewart ............. Tamayo, Serapio .......... Tambuatco, Domingo ...... Tamesis, Florencio ........ Tan, Antolin ............. Tan, Dominador .......... Tan, Vidal A. ............ Tanco, Arturo V. .......... Taylor, Carson ........... Tee Han Kee ..•.......... Teodoro, Toribio M. ....... Tirona, Emiliano Tria ..... Tirona-Benitez, Francisca .. Tolentino, Guillermo E. ... Tolentino, Zoilo ........... Torralba, Juan S .....•... . Torres, Antonio C. ........ Torres, Luis P. . . . . . . . . . . .. Torres, Ramon ............ Trepp, Andreas ........... Trinidad, Venancio ........ Trinidad, Wenceslao ....... Tuason, Ciriaco ........... Tuason, Pedro ............ Tumaneng, Tiburcio ....... Tumbokon, Rafael S. ..... Tupas, Isabelo ............ Turner, Everett Stanton ...

621 623 623 624 625 626 627 628 628 628 629 629 631 634 634 636 636 637 637 638 638 639 640 G41 643 643 643 64-i 644

Uichanco, Leopoldo B. .... Uichanco, Ursula B. ....... U nson, Miguel ............ Urquico, Jose V........... Urquico, Manuel .......... Uy, Jose A ................

645 645 6403 646 647 64;8

63~

Wade, Windsor H. West, Augustus Po. Whitney, Courtney

Valderrosa, Nicasio ........ 649 Valdes, Basilio J .......... 649 13

650 651 651 652 652 653 655 656 656 658 658 659 660 661 663 664 665 665 666 666 667 667 668 669 670 671 671 672 672 673 673

673 674 675 67n 676

676 67'1

677 677 678 678

PAGE

PA"E

Williams, Alpheus Daniel Willoquet, Gaston ......... Winship, David S. ......... Wittman, Arthur C....... Wolff, Thomas J .......... Wolfson, Julian A ........ Wright, George William ...

679 68t) 680 680 681 682 683

Yangco, Teodoro R ........ Yaranon, Agaton R. ...... Yatco, Alfredo L. ......... Ylagan, Pedro Y .......... Ylanan, Regino R. ....... Yulo, Jose ................ Yusay, Matias ............

683 684 685 685 687 688 689

REFERENCES

Yuvienco, Eusebio A.

689

Zaide, Gregorio F .......... Zaldivar, Calixto 0 ........ Zamora, Alfredo .......... Zamora, Jose F. .......... Zandueta, Francisco ....... Zavalla, Domingo T. ...... Zialcita, Francisco ......... Zobel, Alfonso ............ Zt>bel de Ayala, Enrique ... Zuellig, F. E ............. Zulueta, Francisco ........ Zulueta, Jose C............ Zurbito, Jose ..............

690 691 691 692 693 693 694 69路~

694 695 696 696 696 698

OF THE

NEW PHILIPPINES

ABAD, ANTONIO

Editor, La Opinion. Mr. Abad is a product of the Spanish schools in the Philippines. He has been for many years the guiding spirit of this old Filipino newspaper in Spanish, La Opinion, which has its offices on Calle Juan Luna, Binondo, Manila. Mr. Abad is also a practising attorney. He has also written various Spanish dramas on the social life of the Filipinos. As a journalist, his editorials has brought solutions to some paramount problems of the country. The voice of the people, according to Editor Abad, is the voice of God. MAD SANTOS, JOSE

Associate Justice, Supreme Court of the Philippines. A lawyer and orator, he was also at one time president of the Philippine Bar Association. The reading of a textbook, the "American Citizen" which fell into his hands when barely fourteen years old in 1902, became the turning-point of Mr. Santos' unique career as a private and public defender of justice. "I was then at the San Fernando, Pampanga, Provincial School. When I read that book, it inspired me to choose the legal profession. Why?.. Because there was then some powerful persecution. So there existed, I thought, a great need in defending the citizen who was afraid to assert his rights. I decided, therefore, to take up law and be a defender of the citizen's rights and privileges, the best patrimonies God has giveR us." Born on February 19, 1886, in San Fernando, Pampanga, Jose Abad Santos is the son of Vicente Abad San17

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES tos and Toribia Basco. In 1918 he married Amanda Teopaco. Both came from well-known families in Pampanga. Mr. Abad Santos was educated in both private and public schools of his town. In 1904 he was sent to the United States as a government pensionado. He attended Santa Clara College of Santa Clara, California, the University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, where he obtained his Bachelor of Laws degree; and in 1909 the George Washington University, Washington, D. C., which conferred upon him the Master of Laws degree. On his return to the Philippines, Mr. Abad Santos assumed the post of assistant attorney, Bureau of Justice, serving until 1917, when he became the attorney for the Philippine National Bank. Later in 1919 he was appointed technical adviser and ex-officio member of the first Philippine Mission to t'he United States. He was attorney for the Manila Railroad Company in 1920. With his brother, ex-representative Pedro Abad Santos, he practiced law. The year 1921 saw him as Under Secretary of Justice, serving in that capacity until July, 1923, during the Political Crisis, a memorable event in Philippine annals. In 1926 he went to the United States as head of the Philippine Educational Mission. Mr. Abad Santos always stood high, foremost, perhaps, in his profession, when he was chief counsel for the President of the Senate and of the Speaker of the House of Representatives in the Board of Control cases that form part of Philippine political history. It was the then Governor-General Henry L. Stimson who appointed him in July, 1931, Secretary of Justice. Governor-General Dwight F. Davis re-appointed him to the same exalted post. Now he is an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. 18

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Justice Abad Santos was president of the Young Men's Christian Association; also a member of the American Bar Association, the American Academy of Political and Social Science, the Wack Wack Golf and Country Club, and expresident of the Philippine Columbian Association, and also chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Philippine Women's College. What could a great man like Justice Abad Santos give but safe and sound counsel how to attain the goal of life? "Have a motive. In mine, I serve the people!" And what better name besides lawyer, orator and jurist really could be applied to Associate Justice Jose Abad Santos when his task is done than "The Servant of his People"? ABADA Y JEREZA, ESTEBAN RAYMUNDO

Division Superintendent of Schools, Tarlac. Born in Saravia, Negros Occidental, his parents are Jeronimo Abada y Segovia and Petra Jereza. He was educated at Kabankalan Elementary School, Kabankalan, N egros Occidental, 1910, Salutatorian; Philippine Normal School Graduate, 1915, (Class President); A.B. (with distinction), University of Michigan, 1922; elected to Phi Beta Kappa (Michigan), 1922. He was Elementary Classroom Teacher, June, 1915, to March, 1916; Elementary School Principal, June, 1916, to December, 1917; Supervising Teacher, 1917-1919; Student Pensionado of the Philippine Government in the University of Michigan, from September, 1919, to March, 1922; High School Teacher in Bacolod, Negros Occidental, from June, 1922, to March, 1924; Principal of the Zambales High School from June, 1924, to March, 1925; Principal of the Batangas High School from June, 1925, to December, 1926; Principal of the Pangasinan Academic 19

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES High School from December, 1926, to June, 1927; Division Superintendent of Schools, 1927-1930, in Zambales; 19301934, in Capiz; 1934-1936, in Tarlac. His philosophy of life is "Be ashame to die until you have done something for humanity." ABDON, BONIFACIO

Composer, Violin Teacher and Conductor. Born in Sta. Cruz, Manila, on May 14, 1878. The most important zarzuelas he wrote are: A nak ng Dagat, A ng M OiSatYYU1lng Kaugalian, Dilingkente, and De.cLaracion de Amor. He also wrote many songs, hymns and orchestral pieces, mixed chorus a cOlpellm or with orchestra accompaniment, including a short religious cantata entitled, Oh Dios sa KaLafi,gitan, written for s'Olo voice, mixed chorus and full orchestra. 'ABELLANA, HILARIO

Attorney-at-law and Assemblyman from the second district of Cebu, Ceou. Born in Cehu, Cebu, October 23, 1896. Schools attended: San Carlos College, Cebu, from 1905 up to 1909; Ateneo de Manila, 1910-1916; University of the Philippines, 1916-1919; Escuela de Derecho, 1919-1920; A.B. and LL.B. He has been municipal president of Cebu for three consecutive terms since 1922. He was elected Assemblyman (second district of Cebu) to the first National Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Philippines in 1935. ABETO, QUIRICO

Judge of the Court of First Instance, Ninth Judicial District, Manila. He is 55 years old. Before he was appointed to the Judiciary, he held the following positions in the government: Member of the Provincial Board of Iloilo from 1915 to 1917; Provincial Fiscal of Antique from 1917 20

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES to 1918; Provincial Fiscal of Occidental Negros from 1918 to 1919; and Provincial Fiscal of Cebu from 1919 to 1920. He was first appointed to the Judiciary on March 16, 1920. He was Auxiliary Judge from 1920 to 1924; District Judge from 1924 to 1933; Secretary of Justice from 1933 to 1934; and District Judg'e from 1934 up to the present time.

C. Lawyer; Counsel for the Manila Railroad Co., Inc., regarded and respected as one of the most eminent lawyers of the country. To him work well done is when one has put his all there; satisfied that said work could not be improved any more. Thoroughness-efficiency-is what is seen in this man's work. Mr. Abreu i the son of Manuel G. Abreu and Ana Feliciano, and was born on February 3, 1877, in the city of Manila. ' In 1922 he married Andrea Mariano and of the union were born Jose Manuel, Aurora Regina and Gregorio Benito. He is a member of the exclusive Wack Wack Golf .& Country Clu~, Club de Tiro al Blanco, Philippine Bar Association and American Bar Association. Educated at the Ateneo de Manila, Mr. Abreu received his A.B. degree there, and studied law later in Santo Tomas University. He obtained his degrees of LL.M. and D.C.L. from the George Washington University, Washington, D.C. In July, 1910, he was admitted to practice law in the Islands. Because of his legal proficiency, he was appointed assistant . Attorney General, from 1902 to 1903; assistant Prosecuting Attorney for the city of Manila, from 1903 to 1906; Judge, Court of First Instance, from 1906 to 1919. He was member of the law firm of Abreu & Buencamino, from 1919 to 1922. And from 1922 to date, he has joined the Manila Railroad Company as General Counsel. He has also been a professor of law at the University of the ABREU, JOSE

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Philippines and member of the law faculties of several private law schools. It has been about fourteen years now since Judge Abreu was in charge successfully and satisfactorily of the legal affairs of the Manila Railroad Company. In his calm, serene manner he spoke, "My duty I do wherever it is; with all my best, as I see it, without fear, without favor; and with my conscience as my guide." ABRIOL, RUFINO

Physician and President of the Manila Medical Society. Quarantine Physician of the U. S. Public Health Service, Dr. Abriol was born in Arayat, Pampanga, on April 7, 1890, the son of, Leon Abriol Santos and Tomasa C. Vicencio. Educated in the Philippine Normal School of Manila and later in the University of Illinois, U.S.A., he received his M.D. degree in 1'e13 from the latter institution. On his return to the Philippines he worked in Cebu. In Manila he worked in the Philippine General Hospital and later in the Public Health Service. He was the first Filipino doctor in the health service. In 1920 he graduated from Johns Hopkins University as 'Doctor of Public Health. Also connected with St. Paul's Hospital, he is head of the Manila Medical Society. AOOSTA-SISON, HONORIA

Physici.:m, Writer, and Member of the Scientific Advisory Board of the American Medical Editors and Authors Association founded in 1869. Associate Professor of Ob>stetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines. She was born in Calasiao, PangasmaI1, on December 30, 1888. She received her M.D. degree from the University of Pennsylvania in 1909. She was instructor in obstetrics, 1912-1914; Assistant Professor of Obstet22

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES rics, 1914-1924; Associate Professor of Obstetrics, 19241927; Acting head, Department of Obstetrics, 1928-1934; Lecturer in Pre-Natal Care, S. of P.H.N., 1928; Associate Professor of Obstetrics, 1934, College of Medicine, U.P. She belongs to the Manila Medical Society; National Research Council of the Philippine Islands; Institute of Pacific Relations; Pi Gamma Mu and Phi Kappa Phi. As a scientific writer, she has contributed much to our scientific literature. In 1936, she was honored by being named member of the Scientific Advisory Board of the American Medical Editors and Authors Association with headquarters in New York. ADDURU, MARCELO

Assemblym'an from the First District of Cagayan; Lawyer, Agriculturist, Businessman. Born in Tuguegarao, Cagayan, June 18, 1894, he began his studies in the schools of his town. In 1909 he transferred to the Cagayan High School; in ' 1912 he entered the College of Forestry of the College of Agriculture of the University of the Philippines in Los Banos. In 1915, he attended the Vigan High School and graduated in 1916. He enrolled in the ~ollege of Liberal Arts, University of the Philippines, and later took up law, graduating in 1923. He received the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He held these public positions: "Botanico auxiliar," 1912 to 1921; Captain of the National Guard from 1918 to 1919; Commercial agent and supervising agent of the Bureau of Commerce and Industry. He was elected Assemblyman from Cagayan in 1935. ADOLFO, ANDRES

General Secretary of the Y.M.C.A. Member of the Rotary Club, Mr. Adolfo was born in Hinundayan, Leyte, on November 30, 1897. He obtained his education from the elementary school in his native town, the Philippine 23

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES School of Arts and Trades in Manila, and the University of the Philippines. He taught in the Philippine School of Arts and Trades, Manila, in 1917, and joined the Y.M.C.A. War Work attached to the Philippine National Guard in 1918. He was transferred to Fort McKinley in 1919, then joined the Y.M.C.A. of the P.I. in 1919; was Provincial Y.M.C.A. Secretary, Los Banos, in 1923; Associate General Secretary of the Cebu Y.M.C.A. in 1926; and now Secretary of the P.I. Y.M.C.A.

T. Technical Director, Magnolia Dairy Products, San Miguel Brewery, Manila. Born in Hagonoy, Bulacan, on May 1, 1899, he was. educated in the University of the Philippines, B.Agr., 1919. He obtained his M.Sc. degree from the University of Wisconsin in 1920; his Ph.D. from the Cornell University 'in 1929. Dr. Adriano has been Sugar Chemist in Laguna and Batangas and of the Sugar Planters Association, 1920-1921; Analyst, College of Agriculture, 1922-1924; Assistant professor, Chemistry, 1924-1928; Associate professor, 1931-1932, College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines; Tobacco chemist, Bureau of Plant Industry, 1932-1933; chief, Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Technology, Bureau of Plant Industry, 1932-1934; chief of Division, Bureau of Plant Industry, 1934; in charge, Industrial Exhibits, First National Agricultural and Commercial Exposition, 1934; Technical Director, Magnolia Dairy Products, San Miguel Brewery, Manila, 1934. He was also Fellow of Lhe American Association for the Advancement of Science, and travelling Fellow of the University of the Philippines to the United States and Europe. He is member of the Philippine Scientific Society, Los Banos Club; Beta Sigma Chi; Society of Chemical Industry of London; Franklin Institut.e of Philadelphia; Charter MemADRIAN-O, FELIPE

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES ber of the National Research Council of the Philippines. Dr. Adriano is a versatile scientific writer, having contributed much to the enlargement of Philippine scientific literature. AFRICA, CANDIDO M.

Doctor of Medicine and Scientific Researcher. One of the 1935 distinguished alumni of the University of the Philippines, he is a native of Lipa, Batangas, born on October 3J 1895. He is a graduate of the College of Medicine, University of the Philippnes, graduate of the London School of Tropical Medicine, formerly Fellow of the University of the PhilippiRes in the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and Tropen Institute, Hamhurg, and later Reseat:ch Fellow of the Rockefeller Foundation in Harvard and John Hopkins universities, Associate Professor and Head of the Department of Parasitology, School of Hygiene and Public Health, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines; parasitologist, researcher, scholar. In accordance with the recommendation of a Board of Citizens, the Board of Directors of the University of the Philippines Alumni Association, through the President of the University of the Philippines, awarded him a Gold Medal of Merit and conf.erred upon him a Diploma of Honor for distinguished achievements in the field of parasitology. "His discovery of four species of parasitic human flukes that attack the heart reveals a fatal disease heretofore unknown and has been hailed by the medical world as a distinct and important contribution to science." He has also contributed much to Philippine scientific literature. AGAN, VICENTE

Assemblyman from Batanes and Lawyer. Born on November 7, 1895, in Ivana, Batanes. He attended the College of San Jacinto, Tuguegarao, Cagayan, 1909-1913, 25

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Bachelor of Arts; and studied law in the University of Santo Tomas from 1913 to 1917, Bachelor of Laws, "Licenciado en Derecho." Mr. Agan was Representative for Batanes in the 7th Legislature, 1925-1928, and in the 10th Legislature 1934; and elected assemblyman in 1935. AGCAOILI, ANDRES

Provincial Treasurer of Tayabas. He was born in Sarra,t, Ilocos Norte. Educated first in his home town, then he took the secondary course in San Juan de Letran during the years 1889 to 1894; one year course in the Escuela Normal Superior of the Jesuits in 1894 to 1895. During the Revolution he was municipal teacher in Rosales, Pangasinan, and from 1900 to 1901, took part in the Guerra de Guerillas as Second Lieutenant and Secretary of the Commanding Officer, under General Tinio. He passed the Civil Service exa:rhination of Oficial Cuarto in 1902, Oficial Tercero in 1904, Clerk of Court in 1904, and Assistant Provincial Treasurer in 1907. He possesses the certificate of Public Accountant. From 1901 to 1902, he was clerk to the Provincial Secretary, Provincial Governor and Provincial Fiscal, Abra; Chief Deputy Provincial Treasurer, Abra, 1903-1904; Deputy Provincial Treasurer, Pangasinan, 1905-1906; Clerk, District Auditor, Pangasinan, 1907 to 1909; Chief Clerk and Deputy Provincial Treasurer, Rizal, 1910 to 1912; Chief Clerk anq Deputy Provincial Treasurer, Albay, 1913 to 1914; Acting Provincial Treasurer, Cagayan, 1914 to 1915; Provincial Treasurer of Isabela, 1916 to 1917; Provincial Treasurer of Tarlac, 1917 to 1918; Provincial Treasurer of Tayabas, 1918 to date. He was the President of the Board of Directors of the Provincial Treasurers' Association during 1920 and 1921. He was also a member of the Committee for the revision of the Manual of Instructions to provincial and municipal treasurers under the Bureau of Audits. 26

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES AGLIPAY, GREGORIO

The Leader of Religious Thought of truly Filipino origin-Aglipayanism-Mons. Dr. Gregorio Aglipay y Labangan is the supreme head of the Independent Church of the Philippine Islands. What led him to such a mighty task happened a long time ago in Intramuros when Dr. Jose Rizal was living with him. Dr. Rizal and he were in the house of the former's sweetheart, Leonor Rivera. They were fencing, when Pepe said to him, "Be a priest." . But Gorio replied, "No I" And Rizal began to tell him that the country would need priests when she would be independent, but Gregorio would not be convinced, and therefore Rizal used big words, "Are you a fool?" "That word spoken in the very presence of a girl, his sweetheart, made my blood boil I" remarked Dr. Aglipay, "and before I had a chance to talk, he continued, "You want God to descend and whisper it in your ears, Be a priest?" "And the whole affair made me think and think," confessed Mons. Aglipay, "until one day-the great truth of Rizal's words dawned clearly upon me and so the great decision of my life was made 1... "I studied and labored hard. I became a priest. Now I am the head of our country's religion-Rizal's religion, which he, since youth, had predicted. He knew, too, the Philippines would be free and I know she would be free ... thank God I" exclaimed Mons. Aglipay with glorious wrinkles on his face as he recalled those happy days. spent with Rizal, and then thought of the grand work he was doing for his people and pondered on the truth of what that martyrleader Rizal, the idol of Filipinos and Filipinas for all times, had made him do for their motherland 1 Mons. Aglipay was born on May 8, 1860, about a year before Rizal, in Batac, Ilocos Norte, the son of Pedro Ag27

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES lipay and Victoriana Labangan, poor, hard-working parents of the North. He studied at San Juan de Letran where he took his A. B. in 1877, entered the Seminary of Vigan in 1889, and then sang his first mass in 1890 at the Iglesia Santa Cruz, Manila. However, in 1897 he had a clash with the Bishop of Nova Zegovia and in 1899 he was excommunicated from the Roman Catholic Church. From then began his real work, to establish his own church, based on Rizal's teachings-the real religion for the Philippine Islands, as Rizal had told him when they were fencing and playing in the presence of Leonor Rivera of beautiful memory. And this institution is the Philippine Independent Church and His Eminence, Mons. Aglipay, is its head, founder and exponent. Recalling that Rizal incident, "I remember," said he thoughtfully, "that perhaps he saw something in me. And so I replied, 'I WILL DO IT.' "And now, thanks to the inspiring memory of that hero, martyr, philosopher and writer, I HAVE DONE IT!" Dr. Aglipay went to the United States in 1931 as a guest of the Universalists, and Unitarians. In the conferences, he told his audience that the Philippines was the cradle of humanity. The Philippine Independent Church was really begun in October, 1902, when the first mass was sung in Tondo, in the presence of survivors of the Revolution, among them Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo and other veterans. Leader of the Philippine religion and a man of convictions, Mons. Aglipay is now recognized as an international figure, a pioneer in his life career, as inspired by that leader of Philippine leaders, Dr. Jose Rizal of blessed, immortal memory! 28

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES AGONCILLO, FELIPE

Lawyer and former Deputy for the first district of Batangas to the First Philippine Legislature, 1907. He was born in Lipa, Batangas, where he studied the primary course. He took the secondary course in the Ateneo Municipal de Manila and later transferred to the University of Santo Tomas, where he obtained the title of Licenciado en Derecho. He practised his profession in Manila up to the time of the Philippine Revolution when he was then named Embajador del Gobierno Filipino in Europe. He was in Paris when the Treaty of Paris was signed. Later on he went to Washington, U. S. A., and worked for the independence of the Philippines. When he arrived from Europe, he stayed in Hongkong where he cooperated with the Comite Central Filipino established there. Since his arrival, he has been practising his profession in Manila where he has his law office. He was also Secretary of the Interior during Governor Wood's administration in 1923. Patriotic and persevering, Don Felipe is a picturesque lawyer and diplomat. AGUILAR, CELEDONIO

Acting Provincial Treasurer of Romblon. He was born in San Jose, Antique, on March 3, 1894, the son of Felix Aguilar and Lucena de Aguilar. He obtained his primary education in San Jose, Antique, his home town, and completed his elementary education in Iloilo, Iloilo, in 1911. He attented the Antique High School and later enrolled in the Philippine School of Commerce and Cosmopolitan Business College in Manila, where he studied bookkeeping, stenography and typewriting in 1915-1916. He started as clerk in the office of the Provincial Treasurer of Antique. Later he held various positions in the offices of the Provincial Treasurers of Antique, Capiz, Leyte and Rom29

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES blon, as Traveling Deputy Cashier, Special and Administrative Deputy, and Assistant Provincial Treasurer. At present he is the Acting Provincial Treasurer of Romblon. His guiding aim in life is "Loyalty to the Government and Honesty to Duty combined with pleasure." D. Chief of the Division of Hospitals, Dispensaries and Laboratories of the Philippine Health Service; Assistant Director of Health; President of the Philippine Islands Medical Association, 1932. Born in Botolan, Zambales, on August 14, 1891, Dr. Aguilar is the son of Francisco Aguilar and Rufina Dimin. He married G~rtrudes Navarro in 1917. Dr. AguilaI' attended the Botolan Primary School of Zambales; the Philippine Normal School of Manila, and the Chicago Colleg'f of Medicine and Surgery, U. S. A., where he obtained his M. D. degree. In 1915 he worked at the Philippine General Hospital as an Interne, then he became Resident Physician in Surgery, and Assistant Instructor in Surgery, College of Medicine and Surgery, University of the Philippines. In 1918 he was made Resident Physician of the Lanao Public Hospital, Dansalan, Lanao, and Municipal Health Officer; also Assistant Bacteriologist, Zamboanga Central Laboratory, and then Surgeon in charge of the Zamboanga General Hospital, and Director of the Zamboanga General Training School for Nurses; 1923, District Health Officer of Zamboanga, and supervising Surgeon of Zamboanga hospital, Rizal Memorial Hospital and San Ramon Penal Colony Hospital, and physician, Puericulture Center of the Zamboanga Women's Club. In February, 1926, Dr. Aguilar was appointed Chief of the Division of Hospitals, Dispensaries and Laboratories of the Philippine Health Service which office he still holds; AGUILAR, EUSEBIO

BUILDERS OF TIlE NEW PHILIPPINES and was appointed delegate to the International Pacific Health Conference at Melbourne, Australia; 1929, designated Acting Director of Health; 1930, appointed delegate to the Annual Meetings of the American Hospital Association, American Public Health Association and American Physical Therapy Association; and in 1931, appointed Professorial Lecturer, School of Hygiene and Public Health, University of the Philippines. Hard work and much study and devotion to duty mark the life of Dr. Aguilar, an example of progress. As Assistant Director of Health and once the President of the Philippine Islands Medical Association, Dr. Aguilar is certainly a credit to his country. AGUILAR, FAUSTINO

Journalist and Labor Leader. He was born in Malate, Manila, on February 15, 1882, and educated in the Ateneo Mun~cipal de Manila. During the second period of the revolution against Spain, he served in the Government of the Philippine Republic as Secretary of the Department of Interior. In 1902, he was the editor of the Tagalog pages of the paper La POJtria. Months later, he worked in the Tagalog section of El Renacimiento as chief editor, and held this position until this Tagalog section was transformed into an independent newspaper, Muling Pagsilang. He was the last director of Muling Pagsilang and first editor of the present newspaper, Taliba. In the month of October, 1913, he was named Assistant Director of Labor. In November, 1918, he was made Director of said Bureau, and on January 5, 1923, he was elected Secretary of the Senate.

V. Division Superintendent of Schools of Capiz. Son of Martin Aguilar, Sr. and Sofia Vazquez Aguilar. He AGUILAR, JOSE

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES was born in Cadiz, Negros Occidental, on March 23, 1900. He compieted the intermediate grades in the Cadiz Elementary School in 1915, the secondary course in N egros Occidental High School in 1920, and his collegiate course with Ph.B. degree at the Denison University, Ohio, U. S. A., in 1925. He became member of the debate squad of Denison University and was elected to the Tau Kappa Alpha. Later, he was elected to the Phi Beta Kappa, Denison University, in 1925. Mr. Aguilar started his puhlic life as a high school teacher in N egros Occidental High School from 1925 to 1926. Later on, he became Academic Supervisor of Masbate from 1926 to 1927, then of Cebu from 1927 to 1928. He was appointed Division Superintendent of Schools of Camarines Norte (1928-1929), Antique (19291933), Samar (1933-1934), and lastly of Capiz, from 1934 up to the present. His philosophy of life is the following: "Success in life is on through hard work." AGUILAR, JR., MARTIN

Division Superintendent of Schools, Ilocos Norte. He was born on September 16, 1897, in Victorias, Negros Occidental. His parents are Martin Aguilar and Sofia Vasquez. He graduated from Negros Occidental High School in 1917, and obtained the A.B. degree from Silliman University in 1919, and the B.S.E. degree from the University of the Philippines in 1928. Mr. Aguilar was Supervising Teacher of Negros Occidental, 1919-1923; Academic Supervisor, Negros Occidental, 1923-1927; Academic Supervisor, Iloilo, 1928-1931; Principal, Iloilo Normal School, 1931-1932; and Division Superintendent of Schools, Palawan, 1932-1934. In 1934, he was assigned Division Superintendent of Schools of Ilocos Norte up to the present time. His philosophy of life is HLive to will."

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES AGUINALDO, ANDREA DEL ROSARIO DE

General Merchant and Executive. One of the most successful women engaged in business in the Islands, the woman behind the vast L. R. Aguinaldo interests, is Mrs. Andrea del Rosario de Aguinaldo who is one of the leaders in affairs relating to goods that women need. She was born on November 10, 1883, in Bulacan, Province of Bulacan, Philippine Islands. She married Mr. Aguinaldo in 1911. From the time she and her husband began to work together the family's business grew because she is not only an expert saleswoman but also a skilful executive. She received her first education in Bulacan and then studied at the Golegio de la Concordia in Manila. Back of every great work there is woman; and back of the success of M . Aguinaldo there is Dona Andrea. It was she, his inspirer, so to speak, who has made him, go on until there now stand the two concrete buildings bearing their name, monuments to their marvelous achievement! This success was from a very small beginning-two employees and P6,000 capital, then in ten years the Aguinaldo dream was realized: from a mere godown to a modern concrete edifice, awarded a prize in 19311 The firm is selling fishing nets and twine, hatters' supplies, bleaching materials, retazos, and beauty parlor equipment. And while Mr. Aguinaldo was visiting different countries to expand their business路 abroad, Mrs. Aguinaldo expanded their business in Manila and all over the Islands. So with two such real efficient workers, there now stands the more than two-million-peso worth of business. And why? "Because the institution serves not only as an office and a shop but also as a training school. It 33

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES is a business center, the embodiment of efficient service, courtesy and square dealing." Every day Mrs. Aguinaldo greets her customers, having a cheerful welcome for every one, a smile that dispels gloom and depression; her face is a symbol of prosperity and good-will and her presence means activity, cheer and more business! As she said candidly, "It is all work-honesty-concern for others." Such words certainly personify one of the most successful feminine business leaders in the Philippines. AGUINALDO, EMILIO

Soldier, and Former President of the Philippine Republic (Malolos). The most historic figure now living, the personification o:f\ the Philippine Revolution, the days of 1896, and an internationally known figure, General Emilio Aguinaldo is still a leader of Philippine life and politics. General Aguinaldo, the Happy Warrior, was born in Kawit, Cavite, March 30, 1869. He received his A.B. degree from San Juan de Letran College of Manila, and the rest of his education he secured himself. In 1895 he was appointed capitan municipal of Cavite. Fired with the spirit of his patriotic fathers, he joined the Katipunan to unite the Filipinos in their aspirations for independence. As a result of his activities he became the leader of the Islands' national cause for freedom. In accordance with the terms of the Pact of Biac-naBato, August 4, 1897, he and his men left the country for Hongkong and Singapore. However, they returned to the Islands in 1898 to fight against the tyranny of Spain and established an independent Filipino Republic on May 24, 1898. Don Emilio was the Dictator. June 12th of that year, at Kawit, saw the proclamation of the first Independ34

BUILDERS .oF THE NEW PHILIPPINES ence of the Philippine Islands, with General Aguinaldo as the President. Nine months after the coming of the Americans to the Islands, the fighting leader and general was forced to take up arms against the Stars and Stripes. At last he was captured in 1901. He then retired to his farm in Kawit and lived a country gentleman's life. But the fire of the past is still in him, for he organized the Asociacion de Veteranos de la Revolucion, consisting of thousands of men in rayadillo, once rebels against Spain and America. The General is certainly a leader and a fighter. Always refusing public office, the guest of American officials, and highly respected by all peoples, General Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy enjoys the distinction of being the most colorful and historic Filipino now living, for there is not a notable visitor to the Philippines but makes a pilgrimage to J5:awit 0 see the Veteran Leader of the Revolution, the President of the erstwhile Philippine Republic.

R. "The most successful Filipino merchant." Such is the epithet one hears everywhere when the outstanding accomplishment of Mr. Leopoldo R. Aguinaldo is mentioned, for undoubtedly his name has become a byword, standing for continued leadership in business. Mr. Aguinaldo's business career is marvelous. "My motto is always honesty," he says. "Nowadays in order to succeed in business one must have solid preparation and do much study. He should begin to labor early, exercising economy, to gain experience; always sincere, honest, prompt in meeting his obligations in order to obtain credit, the soul of every big and successful enterprise." Mr. Aguinaldo, the son of Anastacio Aguinaldo and Marcela Ramos, was born on the 15th day of November, AGUINALDO, LEOPOLDO

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES 1885, in Manila. He married Andrea del Rosario. Of the union were born Daniel, Heriberto and Franco. He learned his first letters in a private school and then attended the institute of Don Enrique Mendiola. Later he entered the Liceo de Manila, ana in 1904 he went to Japan to the Technical School of Nagoya and graduated in 1909 as textile expert and engineer. When he returned to Manila, Mr. Aguinaldo worked as a partner with Mr. Juan M. Ramos and then with Mr. Jose M. Sampedro. At this period he gained invaluable experience and his activities increased. He and his associates established the Philippine Net and Braid Manufacturing Co., where he served as general manager. But in 1921 he resigned the management of the latter firm and started his own importing business, until by hard work and ceaseless activities the Aguinaldo business grew to its present proportions. He now owns a big building which won a prize as one of the most artistic edifices built in 1931. The "L. R. A." firm has branches in different places of the Archipelago and maintains an office in New York city. Recently an annex was built to accommodate his growing business. Mr. Aguinaldo began in a very small way, but he always knew where he was bound. "All I aspired to I got," Mr. Aguinaldo said. "I had an ambition. So I saved. Luck? .. Sometimes it plays a part. It did a great deal in my life, perhaps. But I had a goal and God 'helped me reach that goal." As a leader in business, Mr. Aguinaldo is the president of the Chamber of Commerce of the Philippine Islands. He is also director, officer and member of various business and civic organizations; also president of the Luzon Surety Co., Inc., secretary of the Furukawa Plantation Co., director of the Manila Railroad Co., the Philippine Carnival Association, the Associated Charities of Manila, and the Baguio Chamber of Commerce; also member of the Black 36

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Cat, Japan Club, Club Filipino, Tiro al Blanco and Philippine Columbian Association. Simple, active, and obliging, Mr. Aguinaldo has an individuality one can not easily forget. For he has a winning way, indispensable in business. Not only a leader in business affairs, but also in civic matters, Mr. Aguinaldo is one of the best known and beloved Filipinos. People say of him-"He is the most successful Filipino business man," "The leader in progressive business," "Our man-because he is one of us." AGUSTIN, GREGORIO SAN

Director, Bureau of Animal Industry, and Veterinarian. Son of Jaime San Agustin and Antonia Mafialac, he was born in San Roque, Cavite, on April 25, 1894. He studied in San Roque Elementary and Intermediate Schools, 1901-1907; Cavite High School, 1907-1909; Manila High School, 1909-1911; College of Veterinary Science, University of the Philippines, 1911-1916, obtaining the degree of Doctor of Veterinary Medicine; and later took Post-graduate work, Animal Husbandry in the Universities of Wisconsin, Illinois and Cornell, 1918-1920. Service Record: Veterinarian, Bureau of Agriculture, May to June, 1916; Instructor, Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Science, U. P., 1916-1918; Assistant Professor of Veterinary Anatomy, 1921-1923; Acting Dean of the College of Veterinary Science, U. P., 1924-1925; Professor and Dean, 1925 to date; Assistant Director of Animal Industry, March, 1933, to July, 1935; Acting Director of Animal Industry, July, 1935, to February, 1936; Director of Animal Industry, 1936 to date. Special Assignments: Member, Special Co:mmittee on Anthrax Eradication of the Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 1923; General Manager, Laguna Pro37

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES vincial Fair, 1924; Member, Governor-General's Special Investigating Committee of the Manila Jockey Club and Club Hipico, 1931; Governor-General's Advisory Committee on Nutrition, 1933 to date; Trade Relations Committee of the Department of Agriculture and Commerce, 1934 to date; Rice Nationalization Committee of the Department of Agriculture and Commerce, 1935 to date; Chairman, Third National Industrial and Agricultural Exposition, 1936; Efficiency and Economy Committee of the Bureau of Animal Industry, 1934 to 1935. Membership to scientific societies: President, Philippine Veterinary Medical Association, 1935 to date; Member, American Veterinary Medical Association; American Society for the Advancement of Science; Philippine Scientific Society; Charter member, Phi Kappa Phi, U. P. Branch; Honorary member and adviser of the Upsilom Delta Mu; Charter member, National Research Council of the Philippine Islands. Works: Animal Husbandry, a text book designed for Philippine schools, with Dr. Pedro Montellano as co-author; Philippine Animal Life, with Dr. Zacarias de Jesus and Carlos X. Burgos as co-authors; and sixteen scientific papers. Philosophy of life: "Whatever work one undertakes he should do it not because he is paid for it, not because he is required by his superior to do it, but because he loves to do it, strictly inspired by devotion to duty and honesty of purpose." ALANO, JUAN

Assemblyman from Zamboanga; Lawyer and Agriculturist. Born in Malolos, Bulacan, on February 8, 1891, he attended the Ateneo de Manila and studied Commerce, 19041908; Bachelor of Arts, University of Santo Tomas, 1911. Later on he became a full-fledged attorney-at-law. He 38

BUILDERS Of THE NEW PHILIPPINES held these public positions: Court Stenographer, 1908-1911; Law Clerk, 1911; Private Secretary to a Resioent Commissioner, 1911, and Assistant Attorney of the defunct Department of Mindanao and Sulu. In 1935 he was elected assemblyman for Zamboanga. ALAS, ANTONIO DE LAS

Secretary of the Department of Finance. He was born in Taal, Batangas, in the year 1889, son of the late municipal treasurer of his native town. He had his early school training at the Batangas High School, and after graduating from this school, was given appointment as a municipal teacher. He later qualified in the scholarship tests given by the government, and, consequently, was sent as a government pensionado to study in the University of Indiana, U. S. A. In 1908, he was given his LL.B. by this University, and after a year, his LL.M. by the Yale University. . Returning to the Philippines, he successively held the following government positions: clerk at the Executive Bureau, 1909; chief of the Law Division of the same bureau immediately after passing the bar in 1913; and then Chief of the Executive Bureau. In 1922 he was elected Representative for the. First District of Batangas, and was subsequently elected Speaker Pro-tempore of the then House of Representatives. Later on he was appointed Secretary of the Department of Public Works and Communications, and in 1936 transferred to the Department of Finance as Secretary. Secretary De las Alas, former president of the Philippine Columbian Association, is now the president of the National Development Co. He is a firm believer in doing things thoroughly. ALBERT, ALEJANDRO

Former Under-Secretary of Public Instruction and Pharmacist. He was born on September 1, 1869, in Manila, 39

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES the son of Mariano Albert and Ruperta Mayoralgo. He obtained his A.B. from the Ateneo de Manila in 1884 and his Licentiate in Pharmacy from the University of Sto. Tomas in 1890. He was assistant Pharmacist in the Spanish Army (Cuerpo dâ&#x201A;Ź Sanidad, Seccion de Farmacia); Colonel in the Filipino Army Medical Corps, Pharmacy Section; Congress Delegate for Zambales, Filipino Government; Professor of Chemistry, Liceo de Manila, 1900; Honorary Commissioner to the St. Louis Exposition, 1904; President, Pharmaceutical Examining Board, 1906; President, Liceo de Manila, 1907-1913; founder of the Manila College of Pharmacy, 1903; Assistant Director of Education, 1917; Assistant Director of Census, 1918; and Acting President of the University of the Philippines, 1921. Due to ill-health, he resigned as Secretary of Public Instruction on May 29, 1936. A very distinguished government official who l\as rendered years of meritorious service to his country, he showed marked excellence in every line of his endeavor. His one noble aim in life is "Helping Others." ALBERT, JOSE

Doctor of Medicine, Head, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines. Born in Manila, on April 3, 1867, he obtained his A. B. degree from the Ateneo de Manila in 1882; his L. M: from the University of Madrid, Spain, 1887, and his M. D. from the University of Madrid, 1889. Dr. Albert was professor of Medical Jurisprudence and Pediatrics, University of the Philippines, 1906; Professor of Pediatrics, University of the Philippines, 1907; Acting Dean, College of Medicine, 1921; Chief of "Clinics, University of the Philippines, 1922. He is now Professor and Head, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines. He is member of the Manila Medical Society and Charter 40

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES member of the National Research Council of the Philippine Islands. Fellow of the American Medical Association, Dr. Albert has contributed much to Philippine scientific literature. Recently, he was honored by the Spanish scientists for his meritorious scientific work. ALBERT, MARIANO A.

Judge, Court of Appeals. Wrote the Herald: "Judge Mariano A. Albert is reputed as one of the outstanding criminologists in both the bench and the bar. Named to the bench several years ago after distinguishing himself as assistant city fiscal of the City of Manila, he has been presiding over a special branch of the city court of first instance. "He has been a member of the bar since 1912. He acquired his early education in the now defunct Liceo de Manila wher~ he secured his degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1907. In 1909 he took up law in the old Escuela de Derecho (now Manila Law College, Centro Escolar University) and finished it in 1912. He passed the bar in October of the same year. "He practiced law for a while and then enlisted in the National Guard during the world war with the rank of captain. He wanted to fight and help save the world for democracy. He was mustered out in 1919. "In March, 1920, he was appointed special attorney in the Bureau of Justice. He thereafter became assistant attorney of the bureau after which he was shifted to the office of the city fiscal as assistant city fiscal. He remained there until lie was named auxiliary judge. He has most of the time acted as such in Manila. He is also dean of the Institute of Law. "Judge Albert was born on March 1, 1891, the son of Alejandro Albert and Ignacia (Bustamante) Albert, de41

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES ceased. He is married and has six children. Devoted to outdoor sports, he was one time amateur golf champion." ALBO, VICENTE

Businessman. Among the pioneers of the Cinema Industry in the Philippine Islands is Mr. Vicente Albo, member of the firm Albo & Sevilla, Inc., and once member of the Municipal Board of the City of Manila. Mr. Albo was born on September 11, 1892, in Quiapo, Manila, 路son of Ciriaco Albo and Catalina de la Cruz. He married Rosenda Antonio in 1912. He was educated in the city primary schools, Sampaloc Intermediate School, San Beda College and Philippine School of Commerce. But Mr. Albo belongs to the category of what are called self-made men. He worked his way through school and supported himself and his family. He worked hard until he became what he is today- a factor in the econom路c development of the country. He was a stockholder and secretary of the Lyric Film Exchange, Inc., the biggest film corporation of the Islands, part owner of EI Progreso, Inc., a modern printing plant, and member of the firm Albo & SeVilla, Inc., operators of theatres and motion pictures. Mr. Albo's business career _serves as an interesting romance in business. It is one of progress and .prosperity -a continuous advancement-an example to those who in a humble way mean to do something for the welfare of mankind. From a sampaguita vendor to a business leader-what more inspiring example than he could the youth of the land pick from the crowd? ALCID, GREGORIO

Assistant Chief of Police of Manila. He was born in Vigan, Ilocos Sur, on July 11, 1884, the son of Nicasio 42

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Alcid and Maria Concepcion Mij ares. He entered a private high school under Prof. Agapito Jimenez in Vigan and graduated in 1906. As a boy Mr. Alcid sold basi to Americans in his home province and then worked as bartender in Ilocos Sur. In 1903 he came to Manila, and took the police examination and passed it. Appointed patrolman the same year, he served as plain guard during the cholera epidemic, the flood and the big fire of Manila. He became second class patrolman in 1905 and sergeant in 1912, and was made captain in 1913, obtaining the highest mark in the examination, and in charge of the Paco, Tondo, and Luneta precincts. Later on he was promoted to Assistant Chief of Police in 1918. Nd,W he still occupies the same position. His view of life is "Live and let others live with due regards to everybody's rights." ALDANESE, VICENTE

Collector of Customs and Chairman and Manager of the Manila Harbor Board. Mr. Aldanese has been acting Consul for the United States and director of the Central Azucarera de Tarlac, the biggest sugar central in the Philippines. The son of Carlos Aldanese and Carmen Lasso de la Vega, Mr. Aldanese was born in Sibonga, Cebu, on the 22nd of May, 1883. After studying at the San Carlos College, he continued his education at the St. Joseph's College in Hongkong, China, where he obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree. Mr. Aldanese began his career as Customs interpreter in March, 1899. Because of his devotion to duty and his intelligent service, he at last found himself at the head of his bureau when in 1918 he was duly appointed Collector of Customs. 43

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Many a time investigations or probes were conducted in the Bureau of Customs. But all the time Mr. Aldanese's good name and brilliant record were vindicated. It is because when a man does what be thinks right, redounding to the benefit of the government, which he serves, he will come out all right, he will be the more known, esteemed and honored. Mr. Aldanese has traveled extensively. Traveling, according to him, is an education by itself. We will know others as others will know us. "In Constancy I believe," said the world-known Collector of Customs in his attractive manner. "Devotion to Duty is the soul of Life's Efficiency." That is why he rose from mere interpreter to chief or Collector, the highest position which the Bureau of Customs where he gave the best years of his life could bestow him, as a fitting tribute to his l,Jnfailing devotion to duty.

R. President, College of Oral and Dental Surgery. He was born in San Jose, Camarines Sur, on May 8, 1888; D. D. S., University of the Philippines, 1920; D. M. D., University of the Philippines, 1925; Certificate of PostGraduate Instruction, Northwestern University Dental College; Secretary of Faculty, Professor in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of the Philippines, i921-1929; Dean, Professor and Founder, College of Oral and Dental Surgery, 1932-1936; Secretary, National Dental Association; President, National Dental Association, 1927-1928, 1929-1930, 1934; President, Post-graduate Dental Study Club, 1932-1934; Member, Board of Directors, Philippine Odontological Society; American Dental Association; Associate member, National Research Council of the Philippine Islands; Fellow of International College of Dentists (F. 1. C. D.), 1929; U. P. Fellow to Northwestern UniALDECOA, ELADIO

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES versity Dental School to specialize in Dental Prosthesis and Pyorrhea alveolaris, 1926; Fellow to International College of Dentists, April 5, 1929. Honorary Title (F.!. C. D.) conferred by the Board of Regents of the International College of Dentists. ALEJANDRINO, JOSE

Agriculturist and Former Senator. He was born in Manila in 1870. He enrolled in the Ateneo de Manila and in the University of Santo Tomas where he graduated as Bachelor of Arts in 1889. In the same year he sailed for Spain to continue his studies. In Barcelona, he was initiated in the Masonic Lodge, Revolucion; in Madrid he belonged to the Solidaridad Lodge. By counsel of Rizal he went in 1890 to Belgium and studied in the University of Ghent, where he graduated as Chemical Engineer in 1895. He returned to the Philippines in the same year, and with recommendations of Rizal, he was selected to interpose between the rich and the proletariat who planned the revolution under Bonifacio. It was in 1896 when he offered his services to General Aguinaldo who ordered him to Hongkong. He formed part of the Revolutionary Council in Hongkong. In May, 1898, he came to the Philippines and handed personally the orders of General Emilio Aguinaldo to General Baldomero Aguinaldo, and then returned to Hongkong. He was member of the Congress at Malolos and Director of Agriculture. He was appointed Chief Engineer and under General Luna, he constructed the trenches in Caloocan, Bagbag, Calumpit, Santo Tomas, and Bamban. He was named Brigadier General in 1899. In August of that year, he was commissioned by the Filipino Government to hand over to General Otis some American prisoners. Later on he was made Acting Secretary of War; Commander of Central Luzon and Military Governor of 45

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Pampanga. When he believed resistance to American soldiers was impossible, he gave himself up to General Funston in May, 1901. Governor Taft offered him the position of assistant engineer in Manila. After one year, he resigned from the position to dedicate himself to agriculture. General Alejandrino was also vice-president of the Segundo Congreso Agricola, and organizer of the Pan Orientalista society. On November 22, 1923, he accepted the appointment of Senator for the 12th Senatorial District offered by General Wood. He mas elected Delegate to the Constitutional Convention, 1934-1935. He is now a retired public servant, but an active writer and farmer. ALFONSO, VICTOR

City Treasurer of Manila; Member of the Board of Censors for Moving Pictures, the Metropolitan Water District, and the Special Committee on Appraisals. City Treasurer Alfonso was born in Santa Cruz, Laguna, on March 6, 1877. He had his primary education from the elementary school in his home town. He next studied at the Jesuits' Escuela Normal Superior where he graduated in 1891. At about this period, the Revolution broke out, and he served as a captain under General Malvar. He participated in many important campaigns of the Revolutionary Army, and never left the ranks until the revolutionists were forced to lay down their arms by the Americans. When peace was restored, he immediately entered the Philippine Civil Service, after passing competitive examinations. He started as a clerk, and then became deputy provincial treasurer of Tayabas; chief clerk of the provincial treasurer of Sorsogon; provincial treasurer of Oriental Negros, 1909-1913; provincial treasurer of Tarlac, 1914-1916; and of Nueva Edja, 1917-1919. After this, 46

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES he was transferred to the Executive Bureau as special agent; appointed disbursing officer and supply officer of the City of Manila; and, finally, Chief of the Department of Finance and Treasurer of Manila since May 1, 1921. A worker and a reader, his philosophy of life is: "Always do your best." ALMEDA-LoPEZ, NATIVIDAD

Assistant Attorney, Bureau of Justice. She has been also acting Judge of the civil and criminal branch of the Manila Municipal Court for four times. Mrs. Lopez is a Manilan, born on September 8, 1892. She passed the bar examinations in 1914, together with Secretary of Justice Yulo, Appellate Justice Sison, and other legal luminaries. She is President of the Gota de Leche, Director of the National Federation of Women's Clubs, the National Women's Catholic League, and the Asociacion de Damas Filipinas. Sf.le is the first Filipino woman to practice laJW in the Islands. ALONSO, HERMOGENES

Owner and Manager of one of the biggest Filipino haberdashery stores on the Escolta. He is a successful merchant, one of the leaders in local business. He was born on December 12, 1885, in San Miguel, Manila. He is the son of Julian Alonso and ROm'ualda Dula. Mr. Alonso is a self-made man. His only education consists in the private studies he had with Maestro Chanco during the Spanish times. And the rest he acquired by himself, alone and unaided. He began to work his way through in early boyhood by earning enough to keep body and soul together. After hard work and much patience he was finally able to save and start his own business. Leaving his employment, he put his own store, specializing in hats for 47

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES four years; then he opened his store on Plaza Santa Cruz, later replaced by the finest retail store, H. Alonso, Inc., on the Escolta, representing exclusively in the Philippines the Magnani hats of Parma and Borsalino hats of Alessandria, Muller Panama hats, Lenci Dolls of Milan, Disney caps of New York, Weil Bros., Paris haberdashers, Douglas shoes, Brockton, Lentati collars, Milan, York Street Flax Spinning Co., Ltd., Belfast, Ireland, linen drill manufacturers, and the Goodman Shoes of Chicago. "This haberdashery business has been my inclination since youth," said Mr. Alonso in his modest manner. "In this kind of business, I believe, there is no philosophy. Simply, one must study the needs of the people and the trend of the times. In addition to that, one should exert much activity, activity always, which, it seems to me, is the soul of business prosperity."

S. Dean and Associate Professor, The Northern Luzon Junior College, University of the Philippines. Son of Alfonso S. Alonzo and Maria P. Sikat. He was born in Palo, Leyte, on April 13, 1894. He completed his college course at the Silliman Institute, A. B. in 1915; B. S. E. in 1915 and M. A. in 1922, University of the Philippines. He obtained his Ph. D. degree in 1925 from the University of Chicago. . He became Assistant Professor of the Silliman Institute from 1915 to 1917, Instructor at the University of the Philippines from 1919 to 1925, and U. P. Fellow from 1922 to 1925. Later he became Assistant Professor and Head of the Department of Psychology, University of the Philippines, 1925-1930. He was the Editor of the Philippine Journal of Education from 1920 to 1921; and was Trustee of the Silliman Institute, Director of the Philippine Academy of Social Science and Secretary-Treasurer ALONZO, AGUSTIN

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES of the National Federation of Teachers. At present he is a member of the Sigma Xi, A. A. A. S., Ill. Academy of Arts & Sciences and the Philippine Scientific Society. He is Dean and Associate Professor of the Northern Luzon Junior College, University of the Philippines. Mr. Alonzo's philosophy of life is the following: "As an educator and a public servant, I welcome any opportunity to be of service to the people." ALTAVAS, ENRIQUE

Lawyer and Legal Educator. Mr. Altavas is Chief of the General Land Registration and authority on Land Titles, Deeds and Mortgages. Mr. Altavas obtained his A.B. in 1894, from the Ateneo de Manila and his LL.M. in 1913, from the Escuela de Derecho de Manila. He was admitted to practice law in the Philippines by the Supreme Court in July, 1910, and was admitted and qualified as an attorney and counselor in the Supreme Court of the United States on the 14th day of April, 1919. As an educator, he was professor of Land Registration Law, Mortgage Law, Insurance Law, and Private Corporation Law, in the Escuela de Derecho de Manila, 1911; Dean of said Law School from 1922 to 1927; Professor of Land Registration and Mortgages in the College of Law of the National University, 1922; Professorial Lecturer on Land Registration and Mortgages in the College of Law, University of the Philippines, since 1916. He entered the Philippine Government service in 1902 as Constabulary Officer; was Interpreter in the Prosecuting Attorney's Office of Manila; Translator of the Supreme Court of the Philippine Islands and Chief Clerk of the Court of Land Registration. He was appointed by Governor-General Harrison as first Filipino Director of the Land Title Committee, August, 1929. In October, 1923, and again in January, 49

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES 1929, he was offered a judgeship of the Court of First Instance which he declined for reasons mostly personal and because of his desire to continue in his present office. As a legal authority, Mr. Altavas is the author of "Land Registration in the Philippines"; "Law of Mortgages of the Philippines"; "Cases on Registration of Land Titles and Deeds" (2 volumes); "Cases on Real Estate Mortgages"; "Cases on Chattel Mortgages"; "Registro de la Propiedad en Filipinas." His literary work is "Impresiones De Mi Viaje a China, Japon y America." He was also Technical Adviser of the First Philippine Independence Mission to Washington, D.C., 1919. Mr. Altavas was born in Capiz, province of Capiz, on March 29, 1879~ and is the son of Jose Altavas and Andrea Cortes. His wife is Maria Bayot. His children are Emilinda and Ernesto, and his brothers, Jose Altavas, lawyer, ex-Senator, ex-Rep,esentative, ex-Governor of Capiz, and Juan Altavas, ChieI Clerk of the General Land Registration Office. Mr. Altavas is a quiet but thoughtful individual; a worker who minds his own business; an author who writes sincerely; a man who, above all, does his duty as his conscience dictates honestly and honorably. ALTAVAS, JOSE

Lawyer and One of the first Senators of "the Philippine Legislature in 1916. He was born in the municipality of Capiz, Province of Capiz, on the 11th day of September in the year 1877. He obtained his degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1894 from the Ateneo de Manila. He studied law in the University of Santo Tomas of Manila. Later on he was admitted by the Supreme Court of the Philippine Islands to practice law in 1901. Some of the public positions which he held are: Councilor of the Municipality of Capiz; third member of the Provincial Board 50

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES of Capiz; deputy from the second district of Capiz to the first Philippine Assembly, and provincial governor. He was elected Senator for the Seventh Senatorial District of the Philippines, comprising Iloilo and Capiz in 1916; and became president of the Committee on Senate Administration. In 1934 he was elected Delegate to the Constitutional Convention. Mr. Altavas' life has been fruitful of diverse activities. Even today he is a leader among his people. ALUNAN, RAFAEL R.

Executive, Lawyer and Scientific Agriculturist. Rafael R. Alunan was Ex-Secretary of Agriculture and Natural Resources of the Government of the Philippine Islands. A political leader, he is now President of the American Trade Association. He was born on December 16, 1885, at Tali say, Occidental Negros, son of Raymundo Alunan and Josefa Rivas. He was educated at San Jose College, Occidental Negros, Ateneo de Manila, Commercial School, Manila. Later he entered La J urisprudencia, a law school, in Manila and was admitted to the bar in 1910. As a lawyer he established his law office in Occidental Negros. During 1912-16 he was a member of the Philippine Assembly, and the floor leader of the House of Representatives, 1916-22. His appointment as Secretary of Agriculture and Natural Resources was made on September 6, 1928. Secretary Alunan married Asuncion de la Rama in 1913. He is a member of the N egros Golf and Country Club, Tiro al Blanco, Philippine Columbian Association, Wack Wack Golf and Country Club and Baguio Golf and Country Club.

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES As a leading factor in the sugar business, he was president and manager of the Bacolod-Murcia Milling Co., Inc., in 1920-28, and is still president of this sugar central corporation, one of the biggest and best managed in the Islands. He was also president of the Philippine Sugar Association: Mr. Alunan was also a member of the Philippine Mission to the United States for the purpose of promoting the economic and agricultural development of the Islands. His recent book on his trip to Java with GovernorGeneral Davis is a masterly work which shows his scientific grasp on economics. Reticent, but sincere, Mr. Alunan is the embodiment of triumphant aGtion and buoyant personality.

A. Assemblyman from Nueva Ecija; Lawyer, ex-Assistant Director of Prisons; Manager of the extensive Hacienda Esperanza. Simply because he was born on January 1, 1894, in Cervantes, formerly the capital of Lepanto-Bontoc, which was commonly known as the province of the Igorots, and because he was the son of the Igorot tribesmen which were taken to the Exposition in Madrid, Spain, in 1887, the school and play mates of Manuel Alzate y Austr~a jokingly referred to him as an "Igorot." But in justice to him, he is a real Ilocano, and in fact has a lighter complexion than the average Ilocano, because of the Spanish blood of his mother, Maria Dolores Austria. According to Artigas' "Galeria de Filipinos Ilustres" the father of Manuel A.' Alzate rendered such valuable service to the Spanish Government, especially in the conquest of the wild tribes of the Cordillera Central, that he was decorated with the medal of "Merito Civil" and the "Cruz Blanca de Primera Clase de Merito Militar." But ALZATE, MANUEL

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES in addition to these honors which he received from the Spanish Government in the Philippines, when he was in Spain, he was knighted, receiving the title of "Caballero de Carlos III." These honors-rewards of the loyal and efficient services Don Ismael rendered to his country and to the Government-gave young Alzate the consciousness of public service, for he started serving the Government when he was barely nineteen years old, thus rendering twenty-two years of continuous, faithful and efficient public service. But what is strikingly admirable is that Mr. Manuel Alzate started his governmental career in the rank and file, and rose to his' position of Assistant Director of Prisons by sheer merit and personal qualifications. The most salient feature of Mr. Alzate's character is his absolute honesty, which he believes to be "always the best policy." The Board of Prison Survey, which conducted for a year a thorough investigation of irregularities in the Bureau of Prisons, found nothing against Mr. Alzate, while the Director and many other ranking officials were required to resign or were dismissed. Mr. Alzate has a resolute will and grim determination to succeed in whatever he undertakes. This will carried him upstream. He is a self-made man. After completing his intermediate grades, he studied stenography and with this, he overcame rebuffs and reverses, supporting himself in his entire high school and college courses. He was admitted, in 1921, to the Bar of the Philippine Islands, and during his stay in America, in 1925, he secured authority to practice law in the Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia and in the Supreme Court of the United States. Reposing special trust and confidence in the integrity, fidelity and ability of Mr. Alzate, the Governor-General appointed him in 1925, upon recommendation of the International Prison Commissioner for the United States and the President of the American Prison Association, Official , 53

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Delegate to the Ninth International Prison Congress which was held in London, England. He presented to this Congress a treatise, "Convict Labor of the Philippine Islands." Mr. Alzate was one of the few Delegates who traveled as guests of his Britannic Majesty's Government, visiting correctional and penal institutions in England and Scotland. Immediately upon his return to the Islands, he submitted an official report which was highly praised by the Dean of Newspaper Editors in Manila, Don Jose Ma. Romero Salas, (El Mercantil, November 5, 1925). At a dinner given at the Town Hall of Aberdeen in honor of the Official Delegates of the International Prison Congress who visited that Scotch city on August 17, 1925, Honorable Wm. F. Penn, one of the Delegates appointed by President Coolidge, said: "Mr. Alzate, I am proud of the Philippines if' you are a representative of the race." While Mr. Alza: e was at sea on, his return to the Philippines, Honorable B. Ogden Chisolm, the Commissioner on the part of the United States on the International Prison Commission wrote on November 12, 1925, a letter to Governor-General L. Wood, saying... "I want to thank you for the interest you displayed at this event, and to express my appreciation of your appointment of Mr. Manuel A. Alzate. Mr. Alzate made a very wonderful representative of the Philippine Islands. The scope of his knowledge on prisons and statistics was unbounded, and we were very proud to have the Philippine Islands represented by such an able man." In 1926, Mr. Alzate wrote "Penal Measures," a voluminous report on prison systems and legislative enactments and means devised for the repression and prevention of crime. In the "Who's Who in the Philippines" Graphic section, February 10, 1932, it was rightly asserted that "there is no doubt that Mr. Alzate is the best informed man 54

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES in the country today so far as prison problems are concerned." Mr. Alzate is now a member of the first National Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Philippines. B. Businessman and Social Worker. A product of the public schools of the Philippines and a graduate from the Columbian University, New York, Mr. Ambrosio is truly a self-made man who, through his patience and persistence, has become assistant general agent of the National Life Insurance Company, Member of the board of directors, Philippine Chamber of Commerce, and member, Board of Elders, of the United Church. Before entering into the life insurance work, he was connected with the Y.M.C.A. in Manila, and after serving this institution he joined Mr. Barza in the insurance promotion business. Today, he is one of our most active businessmen and social workers. Mr. Ambrosio is a Mason who believes in the power of Truth, Beauty and Wisdom. AMBROSIO, DOMINADOR

AMORSOLO, FERNANDO

"The Foremost Filipino Impressionist Painter." At heart an essentially romantic realist, Mr. Amorsolo is mostly known for his typical Filipino girls in Balintawak that show the glow of health, the sunny smile and the fragile water jar, symbolic of the rustic or bukid damsel. Mr. Amorsolo was born in Paco, Manila, in 1892. At the age of thirteen he entered the Liceo de Manila. He studied at the School of Fine Arts and graduated in 1914. He won the first prize not only among graduates but also among all the painters in Manila. Then he Was appointed an instructor in his Alma Mater. If poets are born certainly painters are also born. For the young Fernando was early in youth very fond of draw55

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES ing pictures. When he was about nine years old and was given a Christmas package, containing drawing papers and colored pencils, he began to draw pictures which showed great promise. However, it was Mr. Fabian de la Rosa, his cousin, a great painter, who so encouraged him that young Amorsolo decided to become great also. To make both ends meet, he at first painted commercial pictures. These pictures brought him to the attention of a wealthy Spaniard, Don Enrique Zobel, who sent him to Madrid, where he spent a year studying at the Academia de San Fernando, the highest school of art in old Spain. He stopped in New York on his way to the Islands and studied more of modern art and life in America. His pictures were later exhibited in the Grand Central Galleries in New York. The exhibition gained for him sales and favorable comments of the highest kind. Mr. Amorsolo 'is a talented painter; his pictures seem to be a melange of Velasquez, Goya and Rembrandt. Take, for example-"An Old Man with a Violin," Amorsolo seems there to be at his best as impressionist; the "The Early Christian Convert," "Elias" and "Nude"-femininity as fragile as the jar on her lap, Nabasag Ang BangOr-is he not there as a realist? But glance at his typical Balintawak Girl, and there is Amorsolo himself-foremost in interpreting the life, customs, and atmosphere of. his native land. He painted the frontispieces of Vol. I and VII of this set. And the secret of it all seems to be in these few words of Mr. Amorsolo, as he modestly, but truly has said, "You must be original; patient and painstaking; putting yourself and your soul into the canvas; never minding what others would say." This truly demonstrates what foreigners remark, "The Filipinos are artists to their finger tips." Really, if they would stick to where they are, interpreting 56

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES the beautiful scenery and breezy atmosphere of the tropics, the land of dreams and romance-being less exotic and more native-they would lead and live! AMORSOLO, PABLO

Painter, Magazine Illustrator and Portrait Sketch Artist. Mr. Pablo Amorsolo is a man who has risen, through much self-sacrifice, from poverty to fame. He was once the editorial illustrator of The Tribune and La Vanguardia, and the Graphic. He is instructor in the School of Fine Arts of the University of the Philippines, teaching drawing from life and coloring. Son of Pedro Amorsolo and Bonifacia Cueto and brother of Fernanda Amorsolo, the internationally known Filipino artist, he was born on June 26, 1898, in Daet of Camarines Norte. Mr. Amorsolo studied at the Liceo de Manila and then attended the School of Fine Arts where he graduated in 1923. On the editorial illustrations of Mr. Amorsolo many speak highly of him; of his portrait sketches, he has undoubtedly no rival. One can see in them the touches of consummate art, nay, the very originality a.nd individuality of the born artist! He has also painted several notable canvases. Retiring in nature and a lover of soljtude, Mr. Amorsolo fs a typical artist, for he dresses simply and speaks little, specially of himself and his work. "Originality and Individuality." What can really make an artist's work worthwhile, impressive, enduring, but these? Was it not originality, was it not individuality, that made da Vinci, Rembrandt, Titian, Rafael, Angelo, Velasquez, give the world masterpieces, immortal works of art, which are the admiration of ages? 57

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES And these very two qualities are just what pervade the admirable works of Mr. Pablo Amorsolo, the foremost Filipino portrait sketch artist and editorial illustrator. AMPIL, ISAAC

Business Executive. Among the few leading builders of the present economic structure of their country, the Philippine Islands, that can be counted with one's fingers, as others use to say, is the President and General Manager of Ampil & Co., Inc., coal dealers and building constructors, which operate launches for embarkations and sell plasterboards, fertilizers, and paints and oils. This corporation operating under the name of Mr. Ampil has agents in the provinces and maintains its office in the City Qf Manila facing the Pasig River. Mr. Ampil was interviewed one day on a rainy morning. He greeted his visitor, not with the usual, "How are you?" but with the modern business greeting of the day. "Have you done your duty?" Warm at heart, a keen observer of humanity, and a born industrial leader, Mr. Ampil's unusual success in his endeavors, coupled with his attractive personality, is a striking, nay, a challenging example not only to the youth of this country, but also to the business people of any country. He dresses simply. He talks modestly. Above all, Mr. Ampil is sincerity personified. Yes, he is the apostle of Economy and Activity. For these two words are his life-guide. They made him, in short, a self-made merchant. Born in Manila about fifty-two years ago, Mr. Ampil was educated in the public schools. Inclined since at an early age to commercial enterprises, he has been engaged more than thirty years in actual business. 58

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES There is a very striking and withal interesting view expressed by Mr. Ampil in his jovially attractive way. It is about the national language or dialect of the Philippines. "We should have a national language. Every big nation has one. We can in time develop ours. This will be the fundamental basis for our material progress and our cultural advancement. As it is, when we lack a national language, we cannot understand one another and we cannot prosper in a big way ... ! And this-this is the very body and soul of our history, our country's progress and prosperity!" As the history of a country is written in the lives of its builders, so shall the commercial history of the Philippines be also written in the lives of the present leaders, like Mr. Ampil, who, in his modest way, has contributed much through his personal efforts to the present trend of commercial development. ANCHETA Y AMON, PIO

Agriculturist and former Representative and Constitutional Delegate from La Union. Born in Bangar 9 La Union, on July 11, 1862, his parents are Catalino Ancheta and Romana Amon. He was educated under private tutors and later studied in private schools. He entered politics when he was elected municipal councilor of San Fernando, La Union, and then member of the Provincial Board of the same province. Some years later he was elected Representative from the first district of La Union. In 1934 he was elected Delegate from the first district of La Union to the Constitutional Convention. H. C. Manager of the Manila Hotel, Member of tlie Manila Rotary Club. A prominent member of the Manila Polo, Army and Navy, and Wack Wack Golf and Country Clubs, ANDERSON,

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Mr. Anderson came to the Philippines as an Army man stationed in Zamboanga in 1900. He joined in 1903 the Customs Service, and was later transferred to New York as a deputy appraiser until the year 1923 when he was sent to China by the Secretary of the Treasury, and appointed Treasury Attache, Peiping. Former GovernorGeneral Wood engaged him in 1925 to manage the Manila Hotel with Walter Antrim. In 1929, he resigned from the Treasury Department and was made Manager of the Manila Hotel, now, the famous hotel of the Orient. ANDERSON, WILLIAM

President and General Manager of two flourishing mining companies-Ambassador Gold Mining Co., Inc., and Fortuna Goldfield, Mining Co., Inc.-Mr. William Anderson is a man whos life's career is so colorful that it reads like one of those admirable South Sea stories of Stevenson. Born in Copenhagen on April 24, 1876, he left his native land at an early age and went to America, joined the American army, fought in Cuba during the SpanishAmerican War and then participated in many campaigns of General Lawton in the Philippines. After the Philippine-American War was over and peace was established all over the Islands, Mr. Anderson joined the government service. . Later on we find him in the Visayan Islands as an Assistant Engineer, building the Tacloban wharf and other government projects. He is known as "the most efficient government builder and contractor" in his time. When he left the Government, he started as a building contractor. To him is due the credit of having built the longest bridge in the Islands, the Plaridel Bridge in Villasis, Pangasinan. 60

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Mr. Anderson is also proprietor and realtor. He was the pioneer and discoverer of asphalt deposits in the Islands and the developer of the Philippine asphalt industry. He was the first president and general manager of the Leyte Asphalt and Mineral Oil Co. and the Oriental Asphalt Co. of Cebu. He is an American citizen, member of the Eagle and Lawton Post No. 27, Veterans of Foreign Wars. A gr~at traveler, for he goes around the world once every two or three years, Mr. Anderson says, "Travel is to me a great education. It makes you broad-minded, tolerant and cultured." Regarding Philippinism, here speaks the man of vision and action, "I believe in the great destiny of the Philippines. Here I have found peace and fortune, and here also shall I live and die with my Filipino wife and children." ANDERSON, WILLIAM H.

Corporation Executive. Major William H. Anderson is not only one of the American pioneers but also one of the business leaders in the Philippines. The great executive of Erlanger & Galinger, Inc., he is also owner and president of the firm William H. Anderson & Co. Major Anderson was born in Ohio, Ohio, U. S. A., in 1872. He is a graduate from the United States Military Academy at West Point, 1892. During the Spanish-American War, he came to the Islands with the U. S. Army in JUly, 1898. He returned to America, but only to return to the Philippines later. Since then he has been engaged in big commercial enterprises, and his business career has been one of continuous success. Aside from his interests in the two firms at Manila, he is also one of the owners of the Luzon Sugar Co., Inc., a sugar central in Calumpit, Bulacan. 61

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES He was a delegate from the Philippines to the Democratic National Convention in 1924. Member of the Elks (Past Exalted Ruler), Army & Navy Club, Manila Polo Club, Manila Golf Club and Baguio Country Club, and other organizations. Noted for his unshakable faith in the independent future of the Philippines, Major Anderson is one of the best living types of true Americanism. â&#x20AC;˘ ANDREAS, H. R. Corporation Executive and Organizer. Colonel H. R. Andreas is the well known Manager-Treasurer of the Pambusco, or the Pampanga Bus Co., Inc., an organization which furnishes cheap and safe means of travel and trans. portation to the l!ublic. This colorful veteran in war, in business and in athletics was born in Pennsylvania on August 24, 1876. Most of his early years were spent in the State of South Carolina where he finished his high school in 1894. He then enrolled in the University of Pennsylvania. The Spanish-American War broke out when Mr. Andreas was a medical student in Pennsylvania. Imbued with the daring spirit of his ancestors, he joined the army when the call for volunteers was sounded until he obtained a commission as second lieutenant. Honorably discharged from the Army and possessed with the spirit of adventure, he went to Camarines Sur, engaged in the coconut plantation business, and i~ a few years' hard work he made good. Still feeling young and ambitious, always after something novel and useful, eight years ago, he made up his mind to work on what the Islands need most, better traveling facilities. And so the Pampanga Bus Co. Inc., was organized in San Fernando, Province of Pampanga, composed of American and Filipino stockholders. The service 62

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES which this transportation company furnishes compares favorably with that of any company of its kind to be found in the United States or in Europe. Colonel Andreas has been a resident of the Islands for more than thirty five years and has given the best of his time and money, effort and energy to enterprises which, as the Graphic graphically said, "redound to the best interests of the people among whom he works." Today when people see a huge red bus they think of Mr. Andreas. As a sportsman he was once a star pitcher of his Alma Mater, the University of Pennsylvania. Aside from his many business activities, Col. Andreas finds ample time for hunting, fishing, flying and varied forms of athleti~s. He is also a great traveler, for he has traveled extensively in the interiors of queer China, mystic India, exotic Afghanistan, sce~ic Australia, picturesque New Zealand, 路 and the alluring Polynesian Islands, aside from his Western travels which include romantic and historical places of old. Col. Andreas married Jessie Symelar in 1919 in Manila. He is a Mason, and Elk, and member of many clubs in Manila. He is a Colonel in the U. S. Army Reserve Corps. The personification of business efficiency, Col. Andreas has his life expressed in terms of service, for the one dominating factor of his life has been and still is to work hard, to do something great "to serve with all his might and main, like a Roman soldier, until life is no more." ANGARA, JOSE A.

Assemblyman from the first district of Tayabas and Lawyer. He was born in Baler, Tayabas, on October 3, 1898. The schools which he attended are: Philippine Normal School, 1912-1913; Paco Intermediate School, 191663

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES 1917; Far Eastern College, 1920-1921; Philippine Law School, 1924-1925, LL. B. He was elected Representative in the last legislative elections, and Assemblyman in 1935. ANGELES, MARCELINO

Rancher and Contractor. Born in 1889 in the municipality of Bacolor, province of Pampanga, Mr. Angeles is the son of poor parents. He was educated in the Trade School of Pampanga and in the Philippine School of Arts and Trades of Manila. After teaching in the Trade School of Cagayan, Oriental Misamis, he joined the Bureau of Public Works as road foreman. In 1918, he was in the Engineer's Office in Bukidnon. Not contented with government life, he started his ~n ranch, and in 1930 he became government contractor. A self-made man and a person of vision, Mf. Angeles is now ~ successful government contractor, and one of the big ranchers of Bukidnon. His office is in Maluko, province of Bukidnon. ANGELES, SIXTO DE LOS

Chief of the Medico-Legal Department of the University of the Philippines. It is in the unpretentious laboratory at the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, where he conducts his investigations affecting the fate of many路 criminals. Born in San Mateo, Rizal, on August 6, in 1875, the son of Matias de los Angeles and Sixta Manahan, he received his education from the school of Enrique Mendiola, San Juan de Letran and University of Santo Tomas, where he obtained his degree of Licentiate in Medicine in 1898. Dr. de los Angeles was intended by nature for medicine and not for the law, the wish of his parents; for, just after graduation, he joined the Filipino army as chief of the medical corps. Later he became president of the Board of 64

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Health of Rizal. In 1902 he resigned from the government service and engaged in private practice. In 1912 he was unanimously elected Representative of his province. As member of the Legislature he was chosen chairman of the Committee on Health, acting chairman of the Committee on Agriculture, and appointed member of the Board of Regents, University of the Philippines; chairman, Committee on Colleges of Agriculture and Medicine; president of the P. I. Antituberculosis Society, and responsible for the purchase of the Santol Sanatorium. He was the author of the monthly pamphlet on "Tuberculosis in the Philippines." He served also as chairman of the committee on public policy and legislation of the Philippine Islands Medical Association, and associate editor of the journal of said association until now. In 1915 he was appointed professor and head of the Department of Legal Medicine, University of the Philippines, until now; in路1931 he became acting Dean of the College of Medicine, as recommended by W. T. Denison. The Legislature empowers the city fiscal and prosecuting attorneys throughout the islands to demand and receive the aid of the department of legal medicine, for the purpose of investigating the cause of sudden deaths or when there is suspicion that certain deaths are due to unlawful acts or omission of other persons, or from foul play. Dr. de los Angeles is known in foreign countries, such as for his study of criminal anthropology in the Philippines (Antropologia Criminal en las Islas Filipinas); he also wrote "Professional Secrecy and Its Peculiar Features in Medical Practice," "Sexology in Public Schools," "Outlines of a Course in Legal Medicine," "The Problem of Crimes in the Philippines," "Medical Folklores" and other scientific papers, about forty in number. He was president of the Colegio Medico-Farmaceutico de Filipinas and the Philippine Anti-Tuberculosis Soc.iety. In 1931 he WlaS made 65

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES acting Dean of the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines. Dr. Angeles remarked in his serene but pensive way: "Special application of legal and medical knowledge must be regarded as urgent and practical in the Philippines, for the prevention and control of crimes and the conviction of criminals. Health means, to all intents and purposes, a great factor in efficiency, or in any creative work-the very basis of progress and success." ANONA'S, GREGORIO

Lawyer and Manager of the Metropolitan Water District. Son of Tirso Anonas and Catalina Adelantar, he was born in Iba, Zambales, on April 24, 1896. Mr. Anonas finished his primary and intermediate courses in the public schools of Iba, Zambales, 1906 to 1909. He entered the Philippine Normal School, 1913, and studied law at the Philippine Law School, LL.B., 1919, and passed the bar with highest ratings in 1919. He took postgraduate course at the University of Santo Tomas, LL.M., 1936. He was Insular Teacher in Zambales, 1913-1915; Clerk, General Land Registration Office, Executive Bureau and Office of the Governor-General; Assistant Chief and later Chief, Law Division, Bureau of Internal Revenue; Representative for Zambales, 1928-1933; Under Secretary of Public Works and Communications, March 1, 1933, to December 31, 1933; Under Secretary of Agriculture and Commerce, January 1, 1934, to January 10, 1934; Manager, Metropolitan Water District, from January 11, 1934, up to the present time. He was also appointed member, Metropolitan Water District Board, in addition to his duties as Manager of the District, March 2, 1936. He was designated as Acting Director of Lands and Acting Secretary of Agriculture and Commerce from March 1, 1933, to the 66

BUILDE~S

OF THE NEW pHILIPPINES

date of the appointment of Director Simeon Ramos of the Bureau of Lands. While member of the House of Representatives, he was Chairman of the Committee on Revision of Laws during his first term, and Chairman of the Committee on Public Instruction and ex-officio inemoer of the Board of Regents of the University of the Philippines during his second term; member also of the Special Committee on Government Reorganization and member on the part of the House of Representatives of the Joint Committees on Revision of Taxation and on Employees' Pensions. In 1932, Mr. Anonas was chosen as one of the ten leadIng members of the House of Representatives by the representatives of the press. Mr. Anonas is a self-made man whose brilliant career is an inspiration t o the youth of the land. From his life it is evident that t~ere is always room at the top for those who do their best in, any task. S. Architect. Mr. Antonio is a self..:made man, a product of the public schools. He was once a draftsman in the Bureau of Public Works with a salary of P25.00 a month when Mr. Tomas Mapua was supervising architect. He continued his studies at night. In 1921, he left the government service and joined the Mas Construction Co. Inc., now the Sta. Clara Lumber Co. In recognition of his meritorious servi-ces, the late Ramon A. Arevalo, then President of the company, designated him to supervise the construction of EI Hogar Filipino in 1921, the Cebu Normal School in 1922 and later the Legislative Building in 1927. He went to London in 1927 to widen his technical knowledge on architecture, entered the University of London, and returned to the Philippines in 1930. One of his latest works is the Cine Ideal, said to be one of the best in the city. ANTONIO, PABLO

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Some of his other works are the Far Eastern University, Afable College of Medicine, Paterno Building and the residences of Jose Yulo, Ramon Roces, Vicente Rufino, Judge Revilla, J. M. Elizalde and the mausoleum of his friend, Ramon A. Arevalo. Mr. Antonio has recently resigned from the Sta. Clara Lumber Co., Inc., and opened his offices in the Cuyugan Building in Manila. "Give your best to art." ANTONIO, SYLVESTRE

Division Superintendent of Schools of Zamboanga. Born in Santa Maria, Ilocos Sur, on March 27, 1901, and son of Manuel A1ntonio and Isidra Mendoza, he was educated in the Santa Maria Primary School, Santa Maria Farm School, Central Luzon Agricultural School, and Far Eastern College, now the Far Eastern University. Continuing his studies, Mr. Antonio went to the United States and enrolled in the New York University where he obtained his E.C.S. and M.C.S., and also in the Colorado Teachers College where he obtained his M.A. in Ed. He was valedictorian and president, 4th year, high school, holder of the New York Chamber of Commerce Certificate of Proficiency in Business, pensionado to Colorado Teachers College under the Educational Leadership Act, and helped organize school bands in Ilocos Sur, Bukidnon, and Zamboanga, engaged in intercollege debating and was the captain of the debating team which won the cup in intramural debating in Colorado Teachers College in 1929, and member of the honorary debating fraternity, Pi Kappa Delta. Due to his efficient work he was appointed Division Superintendent of Schools for Zamboanga. His life-philosophy is "Effective universal education is our insurance against anarchism; national preparedness against anarchism; national preparedness against foreign invasion." 68

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Ap ACIBLE, GALICANO

Journalist and Physician. He was born in Balayan, Batangas, on December 24, 1864. He graduated as Bachelor of Arts from the Instituto de Tarragona, Spain, and as Licenciate in Medicine and Surgery from the Universidad de Barcelona, Spain, in 1889. With other Filipino patriots in Barcelona, he founded La Solidaridad; from 18g5 to 1889, he was president of the Filipino Association Solidaridad in Barcelona; president of the Comite Central Filipino in 1898 and Delegate to the Gobierno N acional Filipino in China. In 1900, he was sent to the United States by General Emilio Aguinaldo. He became Doctor in the San Lazaro Hospital in 1906; member of the Executive Committee, and vice-president of the NacionaIista Party in 1911. From 1908 to 1909, he was Provincial Governor of Batangas and Deputy to the Philippine Assembly in 1910. Dr. Apacible is a forceful writer and one of the workers during the Philippine Revolution. ApOSTOL, CECILIO

Poet and Writer in Spanish. He was once called by the late Poet, Guerrero, the most inspired Filipino lyric poet. A product of the Spanish schools, Mr. Apostol is now connected with the Office of the Fiscal of the City of Manila. He is a worthy contemporary of such poets as Recto, Bernabe, and Balmori. He has written many lyrics with local color, as sweet as the kundiman. One of his most well-known productions is that one dedicated to Rizal. To him to live in song is to live forever. AQUINO, ALBERTO

Provincial Governor of Bataan. Governor Aquino of Bataan was born in the barrio of Calaguiman, Samal, Bataan, on November 21, 1888. Impelled by their ardent 69

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES love for their only child, and their firm desire to offer him a decent education, his parents, Mr. Pablo Aquino and Mrs. Anselma Magtanong, resorted to honest means whereby their son may beco.me the recipient of a happy and brilliant future. From childhood, they inspired and encouraged him to devote himself, with real fidelity, to. reading and writing. After finishing the primary course in his hometown, he was sent to San Juan de Letran College where he co.mpleted his elementary and secondary education. While pursuing the LL. B. degree in the University of Sto. Tomas, he proved himself a bright student, and graduated with honors in 1911. In October of the same year, he successfully passed the bar, and then practised his law profession. In view of his brilliant record in the law profession, he was appointed Justice of the Peace of Balanga, Bataan, in 1912, until the e'arly days of 1919. After emerging triumphant in the gubernatorial election of 1919, he looked after the welfare of his province with scrupulous care, worked assiduously, and lived a modest and orderly life. In this way, he brought about a most propitious administration which proved beneficial to the province of Bataan. At the expiration of his term as Provincial Governor, he devoted his time once more to the law profession in which he again measured up to the high qualities expected of a good lawyer. Although he had already retired from politics, yet his many friends, admirers, and advocates incessantly induced him to run again for governor. As a result he was elected Governor of Bataan in the general elections of 1934.

S. Assemblyman from Tarlac, Lawyer and Agriculturist. He was Acting President of the Philippine Senate and AQUINO, BENIGNO

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Senator from the third Senatorial District and Special Envoy of the Philippine Legislature to Washington, D. C., in 1932. Young, brilliant and quick-witted, he is a parliamentarian of no mean ability 'a s evidenced in his work during the Inter-Parliamentary Union at Paris in 1927, for the cause of the Filipino people, an event which aroused the interest of Europeans in the Gentleman from Tarlac. Mr. Aquino was born on September 3, 1894, in Concepcion, Tarlac, the son of Gen. Servillano Aquino and Guadalupe Quiambao. Educated at the San Juan de Letran College and the law school of Santo Tomas University, graduating in 1913, he was elected to the House of Representatives in 1919 and reelected in 1922 and 1925. He was chairman of the steering committee and floor leader of the majority. In 1928 Mr. Aquino ran for the senatorship in the 3rd senatorial district and was elected. He was a member of the committees on Rules, Mindanao Affairs, Foreign Relations, Justice, Commerce and Industry, Labor and Immigration, Railroads, Finance, National Enterprises and Health. National Assemblyman Aquino is "the favorite son of Tarlac." He is a farmer, owning a big hacienda in his province, and also a big sugar planter. Talking in his lucid style, Mr. Aquino said, "In order that a man may succeed he must follow the four cardinal rules of success, viz.: 1. Individuality, to think for oneself. 2. Ambition, to be somebody. 3. Decision, to do and act. 4. Perseverance, to go on until the task is finished!" As a lawyer he is second to none in his province. When scarcely five years old he was asked what career he wanted to pursue, and he readily replied, "I want to be 71

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES a lawyer." And a lawyer he is now in the front rankbesides being an orator, a thinker, and a leader. ARAGON DE QUEZON, AURORA

First Lady of the Land. The President's wife was born on February 19, 1888, in Baler, Tayabas, which is the same town of Quezon. Her father was Pedro Aragon and her mother Zeneida Molina, one of the prominent families of that place. When she was six years old, she attended the parish school of Baler, and when the Revolution of 1896 broke out, she was imprisoned with her family by the Spanish soldiers. After the Revolution her father died and the Aragons became poor. With the aid of Don Manuel however, she enrolled in the Philippine Normal School. The Herald comments: "Extremely democratic, she is equally at home in the nipa hut of the poor or in the palatial mansion of the rich. To her falls the honor of being the first Filipino Lady of the Land to occupy the Malacanang Palace." ARAMBULO, PRIMO

Proprietor and MaNager of the Botica Insular and Laboratorio Insular. Mr. Arambulo is the chemist and manufacturer of the well-known Arambulo pharmaceutical products, such as Analgina, Hemaltona, Metronina, and Bagamot, that sell by thousands daily. He was born at Sta. Rosa, Laguna, on June 9, 1884, the son of Jose Arambulo and E. de Arambulo. He was educated in his home town, in the college of Jose Flor, then in the Liceo de Manila, and later in the University of Santo Tomas, graduating in pharmacy in 1905. Law attracted him and also teaching. But when he married Loreto Sevilla, his good wife said to him one day, 72

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES "Why not attend to your profession and work in your laboratory?" And then his experiments began. For six years Mr. Arambulo was a pharmacist in AIbay, and in 1919 the Botica Insular was founded, but the enterprise proved a total failure. It was in the laboratory which turned out famous brands of pharmaceutical products where Mr. Arambulo, acting on his wife's suggestions, made good and prospered. Using modern means of advertising, Mr. Arambulo produced sales; especially when his products were the very ones which his people badly needed. The Graphic truly said, "Mr. Arambulo is a man of a varied career, replete with successes and failures." But persevering, he worked harder and turned his failures into successes. His products were exhibited at the last Philippine Carnival Exposition, drawing not only prizes but also receiving high comments. Mr. Arambulo is a director of the Camara de Comercio de Filipinas, Ang Bagong Katipunan, and the Colegio Medico-Farmaceutico de Filipinas, and vice-president of the Philippine Pharmaceutical Association. Glancing over the adventurous life of Mr. Armabulo, this is what his experience says: "Love your country not in words only but also in deeds; learn to appreciate native things, such as our own culture, our own institutions and our own products. .. And let us live as Filipinos ... " ARANETA, SALVADOR

Lawyer and Business Executive. Son of Gregorio Araneta, a distinguished lawyer, Salvador was born on January 31, 1902, in the City of Manila. He was educated in the Ateneo de Manila and later in the University of Santo Tomas where he graduated as Bachelor of Laws. Afterwards he took Post Graduate Courses on administrative and constitutional laws in the University of Harvard. 73

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES When he returned to the Philippines, he was partner of Araneta, Zaragoza, and Araneta. He also engaged in business. He is vice-president of the Iloilo-Negros Air Express, Director of the Manila Railroad Company, member of the Philippine Economic League, and director also of various commercial firms. In 1934 he was elected Delegate from the Second District of Manila to the Constitutional Convention. He is author of Insolvency La.w, and co-author of Administrative Code, Annotated. ARCENAS, ANTONIO

Sugar Planter and former Delegate to the Constitutional Convention. Mr. Arcenas was born in Sigma, Capiz, on June 3, 1892, son of Pedro Arcenas and Concepcion Andrada. He was educated in the Ateneo de Manila, San Juan de Letran, and Li'Ceo de Manila. As a student at the Ateneo de Manila he won prizes for his paintings. Later on he took up law in the Escuela de Derecho, but discontinued and joined the Philippine National Guard, being commissioned first lieutenant. In 1922 he was elected member of the provincial board of Capiz and also became acting provincial governor of Capiz for about two years. As a sugar planter, he was director of the Sugar Planters Association of Victorias, N egros Occidental, and president of the same in 1929, 1930 and 1931. In 1934 he was elected Delegate from the second district of Capiz to the Constitutional Convention. Mr. Arcenas headed the Philippine delegation to the 1928 International Eucharistic Congress, in Sidney, Australia. He is a devout Catholic and a modern sugar planter. ARELLANO, JUAN

Consulting Architect, Bureau of Public Works. When the Muses were at feast he-Mr. Juan M. Arellano, the Most Popular Filipino Architect--was born. 74

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES As the creative genius of many different types of architectural works, the Legislative Building of the Philippines, the Metropolitan Theatre of Manila, the Central Student Church, the Rizal Memorial Stadium, and the Arellano residence at San Juan, he stands unsurpassed; his creations have not so far been rivalled, for they are not only supreme but unequalled! In the buildings cited, Mr. Arellano has displayed his art to its fullest extent. The Legislative Building can be compared with the palaces of Europe; the Metropolitan Theatre is the best in the Orient, and his residence is the finest in the Islands, a combination of the classic and the modern, displayed in artistic profusion, the admiration of tourists passing through this part of the world. After completing his elementary schooling in Manila, Mr. Arellano enrolled at the Drexel Institute, a technological college, and later attended the University of Pennsylvania, where he took a post graduate course in Architecture. Then practising in the Philippines and traveling a great deal in order to familiarize himself with the best works of art and architecture, and also after working for some years in America, he acquired a wonderful technique as evident in the different works cited as well as in the Post Office building. Mr. Arellano was born at Tondo, Manila, on April 25, 1888. He married Naty Ocampo, and they have a son, Oscar, also a promising artist. Mrs. Arellano is noted for her artistic talents, having won fame in Italy as opera singer in "Madame Butterfly." As Consulting Architect of the Bureau of Public Works, Mr. Arellano is perhaps the only member of that Bureau who exercises the rare privilege of being able to practice outside. Aside from being the most popular architect, he is also a painter of singular ability, as seen in the record 75

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES exhibition of his water colors and paintings, the result of varied studies and observations here and abroad. One of hIS works is the Central Student Church, which is gothic in style and simple in construction, yet very beautiful, artistic and imposing as a whole. In his study in his unique chateau, Mr. Arellano, calm and confident, said: "Art, I believe, is doing service for others and pleasure to oneself, a thing no money in the world can buy. But art is long, life short ... " and with a significant pause, he continued in a passionate tone, "If I had ten lives to live, I would devote all to Art."

S. Director, Bureau Qf Science. He was born in Batangas, Batangas, on August 15, 1888. He is a B. S. graduate from the University of Illinois, 1909. He worked in various Bureaus of the United States Department of Agriculture, particularly in the Bureaus of Chemistry, Soils and Plant Industry; Chief, Division of Soils and Fertilizers, Bureau of Science. He was appointed Director of the Bureau of Science, Manila, in 1934. He is charter member of the National Research Council of the Philippine Islands; member, Philippi~e Society of Agricultural Technology; Philippine Scientific Society; International Society of Sugar-cane Technologists. President Osias said in his Philippine Forum of December, 1935: "The author of the article on Science in the Philippines renders a distinct service by pointing out the application of scientific knowledge to the country's needs. Mr. A. S. Arguelles is a product of Philippine and American institutions o~ learning. He was one of the young students who passed the coonpetitive test for the selection of government students to the United States in the life of the Philippine Government under the American regime. He is a prominent member of the group of 1905 pensioARGUELLES, ANGEL

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES nados who made good in his studies abroad and rose through industry and merit after his return to his native land. After years of service in the government, Mr. Arguelles became Director of the Bureau of Science, the first Filipino to occupy so important a post."

V. Former President of the Colegio Medico-Farmaceutico de Filipinas. One of the Islands' famous physicians and chemists is Dr. Manuel V. Arguelles. Dr. Arguelles is the owner of the Laboratorio Arguelles, a clinical laboratory which prepares many biologic products, such as anti-cholera a nd anti-pneumonic vaccines and the famous tubercle antigen, "the best means to decrease or arrest the progress of the disease by a drying . up of the focus of infection," according to Prof. Calmette of the Pasteur Institute, "and by a non progression of the tuberculous lesion during which repair takes place by a process of sclerosis." The son of Manuel Guido Arguelles and Eulogia Marasigan, Dr. Arguelles was born on January 22, 1891, in Batangas, the capital of the province of Batangas. He was educated in the public schools, graduating from the Araullo High School in 1909, and from the College of Medicine and Surgery, University of the Philippines, as M. D., in 1914. He was fellow on X-ray of the University of the Philippines to the United States, 1915-1911. He took post graduate work at Columbia and Harvard, 1917; and was pensionado of the Philippine Health Service to specialize in serology and bacteriology in the United States, 1919-1920. Dr. Arguelles served as a health officer in Mindanao and Sulu in 1917 and 1918, and was chief of the laboratory department of San Lazaro Hospital in 1921-1928. Since 1928, however, he has engaged in private practice. He was ARGUELLES, MANUEL

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES a councilor; member, Manila Medical Society; and executive secretary, Tuberculosis Commission. Silent, but active, Dr. Arguelles believes that "Health is the very basis of any accomplishment-life itself; for with health comes happiness." ARGUELLES, TOMAS

Architect. Born on March 7, 1860, in the city of Manila, son of N orberto Arguelles and Petronila Fernandez, Mr. Arguelles was educated at San Juan de Letran College and Ateneo de Manila where he received his land surveyor and assessor of land certificates in 1882. The first work of his was inspector of roads for the Street Car Co. and the Manila Railroad Co. As a veteran of the Revolution, Mr. Arguelles served as commander of Filipino Engineers. He was councilor of Manila, member of the Committee for the Revision of Tax Assessments, and Honorary Commissioner to the St. Loui:; Exposition, 1902-1907, and was again chosen Councilor for Manila in 1917. Mr. Arguelles is senior member of the firm of Arguelles & Ocampo, architects, president of the Philippine Tannery, Inc., member of the Board of Directors of EI Hogar Filipino, :and president of the Nacionalista Club. Such a life of notable achievement cannot but prove once again what Johnson said, "To. improve the golden moment of opportunity, and catch the good that is within our reach, is the great art of life." ARIAS, VICENTE

Businessman. Mr. Arias is the owner of the Arias Building and the owner and manager of the Palace Bazar. Recently he took over the Rosenthal shoe business. 78

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES The son of Mr. Manuel Arias Rodriguez and Vicenta Fernandez Castro, Mr. Arias was born in Manila on September 12, 1880. Mr. Arias began his commercial career, like all great undertakings, in a small manner-with the Casa Editorial, a book store. He was educated in commerce at San Juan de Letran College. But he is an exception to the rule, for he is What one might call self-made-a practical man, one who knows where he goes. For about a quarter of a century he worked towards one goal. Day in and day out he stuck to it. And then, ready and prepared, his chance came. Now he is a leader, a commercial power to be reckoned with. Never in the limelight, Mr. Arias, once the treasurer of Filipinas Compania de Seguros and Philippine Guaranty Co., and director of\ the Insular Life Assurance Co., came into prominence only when the Arias Building reared its top on Plaza Goiti recently and as President of the Palace Bazar, importers of American and European toys and novelties. AROLAS TULAWI

Former Delegate to the Constitutional Convention. He was born in Jolo, Sulu, in 1899. A graduate from the public high schools, he is one of the outstanding Mohammedan leaders in the country today, having played the chief role in the pacification of the Moros in Sulu. He has been a puolic school teacher from 1906 to 1909, municipal secretary of Jolo in 1910, clerk in Sulu in 1911, interpreter of General Pershing from 1912 to 1913, and s~cond liootenant in the Philippine National Guard in 1918. He was appointed and later elected member of the provincial board of Sulu. In 1934 he was elected Delegate from Sulu to the Constitutional Convention. 79

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES ARRANZ, MELENCIO

Former Senator to the Tenth Philippine Legislature. Ex-Senator Arranz was born in Alcala, Cagayan, on May 23, 1888. He obtained his degree of Civil Engineer from the University of Santo Tomas in 1912. He was junior assistant engineer, 1914; district engineer, Rataan and Rizal, 1919; supervising engineer, and later division engineer, Bureau of Public Works. In 1928 he was elected Senator for the first senatorial district, 1928-1934, and reelected to the same post in 1934. ARROYO, JOSE M.

Lawyer and Former Senator. He was born in Molo, Iloilo, on November 28, 1879. He studied in the school conducted by Manuel Locsin in Molo, in the Seminary of J aro, and then in the College of San Juan de Letran, Manila, where he finished the secondary course. He graduated from the latter as Bachelor of Arts in March, 1895. He continued his studies till he obtained in 1901 the title of Professor of Secondary Course. In 1896 he .enrolled in the University of Santo Tomas, Manila, took up the legal career and two years later philosophy and letters. In September, 1902, he was admitted to practise law in the Islands by the Supreme Court. JIe graduated as Licenciado en Jurisprudencia (meritissimus) from the University of Santo Tomas in 1903. In June, 1903, he made a trip to the United States, took post graduate courses, and returned to Iloilo in 1905, and established the law firm of De Leon & Arroyo. Then he formed partnership with another attorney of Iloilo, Arroyo & Orrillana. He was Senator during the Fourth and Seventh Legislatures. ARTADI, JOSE

Former Representative and Constitutional Delegate. He was born in Mambajao, Misamis Oriental, son of Si80

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES mon Artadi and Salome Reyes. In 1910 he obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree. He studied medicine in the Hospital de Barcelona. In the Philippines, he took up law in the Liceo de Manila. Mr. Artadi was Representative from Misamis Oriental for two terms and appointed Representative also for Davao. In 1934 he was elected Delegate to the Constitutional Convention. A. Governor of the province of Samar. Holds the degrees of Bachelor of Laws (1926), Bachelor of Philosophy and Letters (1927), Master of Civil Law (1929), and Master of Philosophy and Letters (1930). During his college days, he was a gold-medal debater of the Junior Philippine Republic and a gold-medal poet laureate of the Primeros Juegos Florales de F~lipitnas , University of Sto. Tomas; asRistant editor, Women's Home Journal; managing editor, The Varsitf1lrian, student organ of the University of Sto. Tomas; secretary-general, 路"Accion Catolica de Filipinas." Professor in social and political sciences, philosophy, apologetics, and history, University of Sto. Tomas; provincial governor of Samar, 1931 and 1934; practices law in Manila, Samar and Leyte; believes that the success of the Commonwealth depends on the thorough intellectual and moral preparation of its people. His father, Don N emesio Arteche, obtained the Academic degree of "Maestro de los Maestros" from the Escuela Normal during the Spanish regime; became public school teacher at Zumarraga, Samar; chief clerk, fiscal's office of Samar; and justice of the peace, Zumarraga. He was born at Kampondoy Mt., Zumarraga, Samar, on April 21, 1899. Convention Committee membership: Sponsorship, Provincial and Municipal Governments, Metropolitan and Foreign Relations, Special Provinces, ComARTECHE, PEDRO

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES parative Study of Constitutions, and Sponsorship. Delegate to tlie Constitutional Convention, 1934-1935. Author of philosophical books. ARTIAGA, SANTIAGO

Engineer of the City of Manila. He was born in May, 1878, in San Juan del Monte, Rizal. He was educated in the private school of E. Mendiola in Manila and in the San Juan de Letran College. In 1900 he copped the first place in a competitive examination given by the then International Club, and, consequently, was sent to the United States to take up Engineering in the University of Michigan. He obtained his B. C. E. in 1904. On his, return to the Islands, he worked as a transitman in the city government. From this humble position, he rose to the following positions: Superintendent of Streets and Bridges, 1914; Assistant City Eng~neer, 1916; and City Engineer since 1920. He traveled in Europe in 1910 and was once decorated by the Spanish King. ARUEGO, JOSE

Lawyer and Pedagogue. Born on April 22, 1902, in Dagupan, Pangasinan, Mr. Aruego is the son of Juan Aruego and Balbina Maminta. He attended the Broadway High School, Seattle, Washington, graduating in 1921; University of Chicago, Bachelor of Philosophy, 1925; and Master of Arts, 1926. From the National Law College of Manila, he graduated as Bachelor of Laws in 1930. From 1928 up to the present time he has been Dean, College of Liberal Arts, University of Manila, and professorial lecturer in the National Law College. He is member of the Philippine Lawyers League and author of Principles of Political Scienc'e and Fundamental Princvples of ConsUtution Mak:ing. In 1934 he was elected Delegate from the 82

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES fourth district of Pangasinan to the Constitutional Convention. AUNARIO, PEDRO

Editor, Journalist, and Correspondent of the Real Academia Hispano-Americana. Former Representative for Mountain Province in the House of Representatives, Mr. Aunario was born in Ermita, Manila, on June 29, 1878. While he was editor of La Vanguardia, he was appointed on October 2, 1917, representative for Mountain Province by the Governor General. To this position, he was twice appointed to the fifth and sixth legislatures. During his first term in the legislature, he was Chairman of the Committee on Style. In the fifth and sixth legislatures he ,w as member of the Committee on Franchises, and Committee on Appropriations. He presented his resignation from the House when Governor General Wood came into office, but it was not accepted. When the well-known Cabinet deadlock between Governor General Wood and the Filipino leaders took place, Mr. Aunario reiterated his intention to resign and the Chief Executive offered no objections. He was editor of La Vamguardia, the most powerful Spanish daily in the Islands. As an editor and a writer his style is simple but graphic and his work forceful and to the point. A VANCENA, AMANDO

Agriculturist and La wyer. He was born in Molo, Iloilo, Iloilo, on February 6, 1879, and was educated in the Colegio Seminario de Jaro from 1893 to 1897 where he finished the secondary course. Later on he transferred to the University of Sto. Tomas. During the Revolution against Spain, he joined the Revolutionary Army. In 1902, he took up law course in the Colegio de Abogados de Manila. In 1904 he was admitted by the Supreme Court 83

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES to practice his profession. He worked in various newspapers, especially in La Revolucion and in El Pais. He is now one of the country gentlemen-an active agriculturist-President of the Federation of Sugar Planters of Occidental N egros. AVANCENA, RAMON

Eminent Jurist of the Philippine Islands, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Ramon Avancefia is undoubtedly an international figure and an authority on his life's cllosen career. He was born in Molo, Iloilo, on April 13, 1872, son of Lucas Avancefia and Petra Quiosay. He was educated at the Jaro College of Iloilo, and at San Juan de Letran, Manila, where he got his B.A. degree, and entered the University of Santo Tomas in 1891, getting the title of su:r:veyor, but in 1898 he graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Laws. "Why I chose law is simply an initiative of my own, as my natural inclination. I finished my law course as the war ended, and then I saw a ' vast field for service," said the President of the Supreme Court, with the naturalness of one who speaks. with just authority and with rugged frankness of true sincerity. Chief Justice A vancefia was the political and legal adviser of the revolutionary government of Iloilo, Capiz and Antique; also the commissioner of the revolutionary government to a conference with General Hughes, in command of the American forces on the island of Panay. When the civil government of the Philippine Islands was established, however, he was appointed auxiliary attorney general, and in 1905 he was designated judge at large ti1l1910 when he married Proserpina Abad of Leyte. He was appointed attorney general of the Philippines in 1914, and later associate justice of the Supreme Court. 84

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES

When Chief Justice Araullo died in 1926, the choice unI animously fell on Justice A vancefia, and since then he has . been the president of the highest tribunal of the Islands, an exalted post to which any man in his profession could truly and nobly aspire. Chief Justice Avancefia has always adhered to one precept and example of his life, that is, "I would not accept any position in which I could not successfully serve!" And that thing happened many, many times in his career. For when he was nominated for the position of Attorney-G~meral, he refused, for fear that he could not discharge his duties in that office well, and so he proposed that he should be appointed judge of the court of first instance in order to have more experience and preparation; and so when he was duly prepared, and the same post was offered to him, he accepted it willingly, honestly. The same thing. happened W:hen he was slated for the presidency of the Supreme Courf; he hesitated although it was his life's ambition to hold the highest office in his calling in the country, yet at last, when he was truly prepared, he accepted, fully conscious that he could fill the chair and do honor to his position and to his country. "My official career began thirty years ago," he said with sincere modesty, "and it has always been my ideal aim not to accept any position unless I could perform it with honor to my country and satisfaction to myself." AVELINO, JOSE

Member of the Tenth Philippine Legislature as Senator from the Ninth Senatorial District. Ex-Senator Avelino was born in Calbayog, Samar, and educated in the Ateneo de Manila and in the University of the Philippines. He received the degree of Bachelor of Arts from the former and the degrees of Bachelor of Laws and Doctor of Laws from the latter and was admitted to the bar in 86

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES 1914. He was elected municipal councilor of Calbayog, Samar, from 1917 to 1919; -Representative from the first district of Samar in 1925; Senator from the ninth district from 1928 to 1934; and reelected as Senator in 1934. He was Majority Floor Leader of the Senate during the Tenth Philippine Legislature, and Chairman, Committee on Appropriations. C. Rector of the Ateneo de Manila, the Alma Mater of Jose Rizal, the Filipino National hero. Reverend Henry C. Avery, S. J., is also Chaplain of the Manila Council of the Knights of Columbus, Director of the American Red Cross, Spiritual Adviser of the Catholic Women's Club, the American Community in Manila, :and the Nurses' Association of St. Paul's Hospital. "In any society of men that finds itself face to face with vital problems to solve no better means can be found of avoiding error and disaster, . of fixing a policy to be followed at any time, than the intense individual cultivation of those two moral qualities-Duty and Discipline. Without these there can be no Responsibility, no Union, among Citizens, no Peace or Security, among Nations." Thus spoke Father Avery on a beautiful morning as the birds caroled on the trees of the old Jesuit's site with the voice of one really having the authority because he knows what he knows; for his faith moves mountains, his sincerity moulds the character of our youth, his personality becomes felt in every product of the Ateneo de Manila. "One of the most successful institutions visited by the CommissIon," "having one of the finest working libraries in the Islands which is admirably administered," "where the representative of the Commission listened to some of the best conducted recitations that he has heard in the Archipelago," the Forbes-Monroe Educational Commission AVERY, HENRY

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES wrote about this center of learning, founded in 1859 by the Spanish Jesuits. Father Avery was born on August 10, 1885, in Brooklyn, New York. He studied in Public School No. 11 of Brooklyn and in Pratt Institute Technical H. S. He attended also Stonyhurst College, England. On November 12, 1907, he entered the Society of Jesus at St. Andrew's Novitiate, Poughkeepsie, New York. He continued his studies at Woodstock College, Maryland, and then taught Biology and Chemistry at Fordham University from 1914 to 1919. In 1919 he was given the Ph.D. degree by Fordham University. In research work in neurology Father Avery was also engaged. At Georgetown University, D. C., he was ordained in June, 1921. He was appointed member of the Papal Relief Mission in Russia in 1923. He came to the Philippines in July, 1925, and taught College Biology till 1932. What is, by the way, the aim of the Ateneo de Manila, for which it became famous nationally? The aim of the Ateneo de Manila is "to produce cultured, straight-thinking, broad-minded, right-living Filipinos, equipped with a rational, deep-seated knowledge and love of God and of their native land, youth of sterling character and fitted to attain eminence in any walk of lifeyouth who will become leaders." "Education and Science" is one of Father Avery's best utterances. AVILA, VICENTE

Provincial Treasurer and Assessor of Cavite. He was born in Tuguegarao, Cagayan, on January 22, 1888. He is a Bookkeeper, Public Accountant and Certified Public Accountant. He passed the Third Grade, Second Grade, and Assistant Provincial Treasurer examinations. Mr. Avila held other positions at various times as Assistant Bookkeeper, Bookkeeper, Chief Clerk and Deputy Pro87

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES vincial Treasurer and Agent Df the Philippine NatiDnal Bank in the different prDvinces Df the Islands. At present he is the Treasurer Df the prDvince Df Cavite. BACHRACH, EMANUEL M.

President and General Manager Df the Bachrach MDtDr Mr. Emanuel M. Bachrach is a piDneer in the transpDrtatiDn business in all its phases in the Philippine Islands, alsO' the leading man in the DrganizatiDn Df the Philippine Aerial Taxi CD. Df the Islands. Mr. Bachrach was bDrn in Russia Dn July 4, 1874, SDn Df MDrtche and Blume Bachrach. He married Mary MacDDnald in 1916 in Manila. He is a MasDn, Shriner, Elk, and member 0':( the University Club. He is a self-made man. He learned English in America at the age Df fifteen. His life is a rDmance in adventure. Attracted by Admiral Dewey's victDry in Manila and urged by the spirit Df adventure, he decided to' CDme to' the Islands in 1901 in order to' engage in business, bent to' realize his dreams. SO' he fDunded the American StDre and engaged in impDrt and expDrt. His business expanded sO' rapidly that he Dpened a big bazar on the EscDlta. But he was nDt satisfied with that bazar and finally he decided Dn the autDmDbile business. In 1907 he made a trip to" the United States and Dn his return he brDught with him the first autDmDbile in the Philippines. And his business grew, fDr Drders pDured in, and he cDntinued intrDducing different brands Df pDpular autDmDbiles. Thus the success Df the Bachrach MDtDr CD., Inc., was made! Mr. Bachrach is alsO' interested in Dther lines besides tra:hspDrtatiDn and aviatiDn, fDr he is a directDr Df the PeDples Bank & Trust CD., and the PeDples MDrtgage & CD., Inc.

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Investment Co. His wife is also a business woman, owner of the Plaza Hotel in Manila and the Hotel Pines in Baguio. "The automobile nowadays is a necessity, for it performs functions which could not be performed rapidly without it. "I never leave any work undone. In it I either succeed or fail. But failures encourage me. To win the battles of life is but to work intelligently, patiently and constantly. For everybody there is chance. Remember, there is always room at the top!" Such are the views of the successful Mr. Bachrach, a pioneer in the automobile business, and a leader in the transportation industry in the Philippine Islands. BALILI, PERFECTO B.

Manager of the Bohol Sawmill and Lumber Company and Former Delegate to the Constitutional Convention. Born in Laboc, Bohol, on April 18, 1901, he is the son of Antonio Balili and Genoveva Baster. He did not complete his high school education, but became a teacher under the Bureau of Education from 1920 to 1927, and later made Principal of the Panglao Elementary School in 1925. He started as bookkeeper of the sawmill company where he is now its business manager. He was municipal president of his home town in 1931, reelected in 1934; and then, in the same year, he was elected Delegate to the Constitutional Convention from the second district of Bohol. He is the speaker of the Bohol Munincipal Presidents' Assembly. BALMACEDA, CORNELIO

Director of the Bureau of Commerce. Born in Sarrat, Ilocos Norte, on September 15, 1896, he started his career as a newspaperman, having been a reporter in the defunct Manila Times from 1914 to 1918. After completing his secondary education from a high school in Manila, he was 89

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES sent as a government pensionado to the Harvard University where he obtained the degree of Master of Arts in Business Administration in 1922. He took special courses in journalism and business in the Columbia University and also worked in the U. S. Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce in Washington, D. C. Upon his return to the Philippines in 1922, he immediately took up his former position at the Bureau of Commerce and Industry. Three years later, he founded and became the first editor of the Commerce and Industry Journal. Mr. Balmaceda is also a lawyer. He was appointed to his present position in February, 1935, because of his long and creditable service with the government. BALMASEDA, JULIAN CRUZ

Tagalog Writer and Poet. Born in Orion, Bataan, January 28, 1885, he studied in the San Juan de Letran College, Cavite Hign School and Escuela de Derecho. He commenced to write in Tagalog since 1904. His first attempt was a "moro..:moro" play, entitled "Buhay ni Cordante 0 Ang Sugat ng Puso" which was staged in Bacoor, Cavite. He edited the Tagalog monthlies "Sulong" and "Kabite"; was President of Aklatang Bayan, a society of Tagalog poets and writers; Vice-President of "Balagtasiana," a cultural society; Member of the "Akademya ng Wikang Tagalog." As a student of Tagalog Grammar and Literature, he wrote a comment on Dr. Blake's A J',agalog Grammar. Author of a monograph Ang Tipik nev tAL' Sa Wikang Tagalog, he is regarded as an authority in the Tagalog language. As a poet, he has to his credit Sa Bayan Ni Plaridel, and Ana'k Ni Eba, and a compilation of all his poems written from 1905 to 1915 in a volume entitled Pangarap Lamang, consisting of more than 700 pages, and in another volume, Sa Daigdig ng Pangarap (poems written from 1916 90

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES to date). He won a number of prizes in poetic contests, the most outstanding of which was when he defeated Benigno R. Ramos and Iiiigo Ed. Regalado, two foremost Tagalog poets, in a written poetical joust Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas. Balmaseda defended "Bukas" and was 路 acclaimed by popular votes as the winner. As a playwright he took part in a contest opened by the Bureau of Posts and sponsored by the University of the Philippines, and his play Ang Piso Ni Anita won a first prize against 55 other entrants. He is also the author of Sa Bunganga N g Pating, Ang Talal Sa Kabundukatn, Kayamanang liumilipad, Sapote, and about 20 other plays. His forte in dramatics is in one-act humorous plays, such as his Sangkuwaltan Abaka, Tulisang Pulpol, Ang Ba;gong Kusinero, Musikang Tag'[Yi-Tagpi, Napaglalangan. His Ang Budhi N g Manggagawa,. a one-act drama, w.as awarded the first prize in an open competitio 路 in Teatro Angel in 1911. As a short story writer, he has to his credit about 30 good short stories published in SOIJ11,pagita; one of them is the Ang Tatlong Moskitera which has been regarded as one of the best of its kind. As a novelist he wrote Ang Tala N g Bodabril (Liwayway) and Tahanang Walang /law (Alitaptap), and many others. Credit is due to him for rewriting in Tagalog in a romantic style the The Pact of Biyak-na-Bato by Pedro A. Paterno, published in serial form in Sa;mpagita. As a translator, his are the translations of Kalaw's The Filipino. Rebel, Tavera's El Legado del Ignorantismo, Tolstoi's Resurrection and Rocaberti's El Voto de Castidad. In English, Balmaseda is credited with the following works: A Philippine Rural Credit Handbook, Usury in the Philip'fYiln,es, Usury Survey i~ the Provinces, and Comments and Annotations on the Rural Credit Cooperative LalW. 91

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES He acted as Secretary of the Rural Banking Commission created by Governor-General Davis, and of the AntiUsury Committee created by Governor-General Roosevelt. He is at present the Assistant Chief of the Division of Cooperative Marketing and Credits of the Bureau of Commerce. He is a Mason, having served as Worshipful Master of Pintong Bato Lodge No. 51, F. & A. M., for three terms and was elected as Senior Grand Lecturer of the Grand Lodge in 1932. BALMORI, JESUS

Spanish Poet. Mr. Balmori has been a newspaperman, and editor of various Spanish dailies and weeklies. He has written for the Lev Vanguardia various poems and articles. An extemporaneous speaker in verse, many a time he crossed his lyric pen with his great contemporary, that Spanish Filipino pet, Manuel Bernabe. BALMORI, JOAQUIN

Labor Leader and Journalist. He was born on July 6, 1877, in Bacolor, Pampanga. He studied in the Ateneo de Manila and San Juan de Letr~n and Escuela de Artes y Oficios. He served in the Constabulary in Tayabas. During the Revolution he was a soldier under the army of General Pio del Pilar, and Commander of "sandatahanes" in the second military zone under General Ricartâ&#x201A;Ź. He was co-founder of the La Union Obrera Democratica and La Union del Trabajo. He assisted in the foundation of the Partido Popular Independista which was later on fused with Partido N acionalista. He is a propagandist of Filipino industries, editor of labor magazines and leader of labor leagues. BALTASAR, RODOLFO

Provincial Governor, Mountain Province. He was born in Aringay, La Union, on June 27, 1895. His parents 92

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES are Florencio Baltasar and Mariana Ferreres. He obtained the A.B. degree from San Beda College in 1912; LL.B., Santo Tomas University in 1916. He passed the bar examinations the same year and practised his profession as a lawyer up to March 1, 1936, when he was appointed provincial governor of the Mountain Province by the President of the Philippine Commonwealth. Mr. Baltasar was Captain of the Philippine National Guard from 1917-1918; elected Representative for the Second District of La Union, 1931-1934; and appointed Provincial Governor of the Mountain Province on March 1, 1936, which position he still holas. Philosophy of life: "Honesty and Simplicity; square dealings; duty fjrst before anything else; and equal justice irrespective of anything before the law." BALUYUT, ROMAN

General Manager, San Fernando Electric Light and Power Co., Inc. Born on August 9, 1886, in San Fernando, Pampanga, Mr. Ramon Baluyut is the brother of Senator Sotero Baluyut of Pampanga. He was educated in his home town. When the Revolution broke out in 1897, he stopped his studies but continued his schooling in the public schools two years later. Being born of poor parents, he went to Manila in 1907 with the intention of continuing his studies by working his way through college. So he attended a night school. He later took and passed the second grade civil service examination, and obtained an employment at the Bureau of Navigation from 1907 to 1909. With the Bureau of Posts he worked as a letter carrier until 1914. When he returned to his province in 1915, Mr. Baluyut opened a photographic studio and became a photographer, 93

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES and his business thrived until 1920, when he worked with his brother as a contractor. As a contractor, he worked until 1926, in charge of Engineer Baluyut's many big government contracts in different provinces of the Islands. It was in 1927 when Mr. Roman Baluyut became the general manager (and one of the founders, too) of the wellknown Sfelapco, the biggest electric light and power plant in Central Luzon. He is also the General Manager of the Rielco, Inc., or Riverside Electric Light Company of Apalit, Pampanga, with branches in Macabebe, Masantol, San Luis and San Simon. Now that Mr. Baluyut has realized the ambition of his youth, his only and last concern is to save enough for old age. Always there are certain qualities that make up a successful man. In t~e case of this efficient executive, they are: "Be industrious and always do your best. '~N 0 matter how hard, always bri,ng your work to completion. "Honesty must characterize all your dealings with your fellowmen." BALUYUT, SOTERO

Civil Engineer and Contractor-Builder. Former Senator from the Third Senatorial District, 1931; native of San Fernando, Pampa:Qga, and father of the National Electric Power and Development Company. He was born on January 3, 1889, in San Fernando, Pampanga, the son of Leoncio Baluyut and Casimira Julao. He married Encarnacion Lopez y Escano in Lingayen, Pangasinan, in 1920. His achievement as an engineer is exceptionally notable. After studying in the public schools, he was sent to 94

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES the United States as a government pensionado in 1904, studying at the Sta. Ana Central and High School, California, in the University Summer School of Illinois, and in the University of Iowa, where he obtained his B.S.C.E. degree after five years. In 1914 he got his degree in Civil Engineering from the University of Iowa. When he returned to the Islands, he worked with the Bureau of Public Works, becoming assistant engineer of Pampanga and Cavite in 1911. He was district engineer for Isabela, Antique, Ilocos Norte, Bulacan and Pangasinan, and special engineer on the San J ose-Sta. Fe Road, during the years 1912 to 1919. He was engineer for the Pampanga Sugar Development Co., Inc., in 1920. And his career as public servant in elective posts began when he was elected Governor of the province of Pampanga in 1925 and re-elected to that office in 1928. During his incumpency as Governor of the province of Pampanga he was responsible for the establishment and building of many public improvements, such as schools, hospitals, roads and bridges, the most notable being the longest concrete road of Pampanga, the only one of its kind in the Orient. And when he ran as senator for the third senatorial district, the overwhelming majority by which he was elected was a great surprise. Mr. Baluyut is a member of the Philippine Columbian Association, Philippine Institute of Engineers and Architects, and Pampanga Lodge, No. 48, F. & A. M. As an experienced engineer, a great builder and a proven executive, Mr. Baluyut stands high in the regards of his countrymen. Once an orphan country boy, he is now at the top-most rung of the ladder in his profession.

P. Doctor of Medicine and Chief, Section of Public Health Education and Publicity, Bureau of Health, MaBANTUG, JOSE

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES nila. He was born in 1884, a native of Nueva Ecija. He received his M.D. degree in 1910 from the University of Illinois. Dr. Bantug is member of the Manila Medical Society; Balagtasiana; Colegio Medico-Farmaceutico de Filipinas, and associate member of the National Research Council of the Philippine Islands. Dr. Bantug is not only a collecter of Philippine antiques and lover of things Philippine, but also a writer 01 note on scientific subjects and native folklores. He is contributor to the Encyclopedia of the Philippines. In 1935, he attended an international conference in Madrid. He is President of the Philippine Numismatics and Antiquarian Society. Quiet and unassuming, he is one of our intellectual leaders. M. Lawyer. He was born in Camiling, Tarlac, on May 25, 1893, son of Ti!~oteo Bafiaga and Anselma Masilongan. He was educated in the public schools in Tarlac, graduating from the Manila High School in 1912. He took up law in the Escuela de Derecho de Manila, and later in the Liceo de Manila, where he received his Bachelor of Laws degree in 1916. At fifteen, he was already municipal teacher in 1906. He was elected Representative from 1922 to 1925, then again from 1928 to 1931, and once minority floor leader. In 1934, he was elected Delegate to . the Constitutional Convention from the first .district of Tarlac. BANAGA, GREGORIO

E. C. General Manager of the English firm in the city of Manila-Warner, Barnes, & Co., Ltd.--one of the oldest and most progressive companies in the Philippines, owned and managed by British people, such as the Smith, Bell & Co., Ltd., the Wise & Co., Ltd., and the Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corporation, operating on many big commerBARNES,

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES cial, industrial and transportation enterprises all over the Islands for many, many years. Mr. E. C. Barnes has been a notable resident of the city of Manila. Once every three years he goes to London where a branch of his company is located. The Warner, Barnes & Co., Ltd., are exporters of sugar, copra and abaca, also dealers in general imports, insurance and machinery, and also the shipping agents of various Japanese and English Hners, such as the Nippon Yusen Kaisha and the Prince Line, Ltd. Silent but wide awake, and industrious but generous, Mr. Barnes belongs to those class of good men"Men whom the lust of office does not kill; Men whom the spoils of office cannot buy; Men who possess opinions and a will." BARREDO Y ALONSO, FAUSTO

Business Executive and Proprietor. One of the greatest Filipino leaders' in the automobile transportation business is Mr. Fausto Barredo y Alonso, Proprietor and General Manager of the Malate Garage and Taxi enterprises. A quiet worker and a keen observer, Mr. Barredo presents an interesting personality, a really admirable modern Filipinos Businessman. "Mutual Service! Reciprocal Benefit to the Public and to the Businessman, in order to merit the confidence of the People." Such were his observations as laid down in Mr. Reyes' book, Ideales de la Humanidad. Mr. Barredo was born on December 19, 1874, in Malate, Manila. He is the son of Manuel Barredo and Gabriela Alonso. He married Carmen Fargas in 1900. Manuel H. Barredo, mechanical engineer, U. P., Jose Ma. Barredo, civil engineer, also U. P., and Carmen Barredo, are his children. 97

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES. He was educated at the Atene'O de Manila where he 'Obtained in 1893 his B.A. degree; he attended also the Escuela de Agricultura de Manila where he was conferred in 1897 the degree of Bachelor of Science in Agriculture. Foreigners in the city call him "one of the best known and most financially sound Filipino businessmen in the Philippine Islands." Mr. Barredo is also one of the biggest real estate operators in Manila, owning more than twenty-five buildings in Malate district, besides his other real estate properties. As a traveler, Don Fausto has been in the United States and in Europe. Being an observer, he has brought with him the wisdom of the world. Travel to him is a unique education whfch makes one a man of the world. Such is the inspiring romance of a modern businessman. His life's activity is a challenge to the youth of the land in spurring him to be somebody. Now the question is-Will the "fair hope of the country" follow or lead? The only answer, according to Don Fausto, is"If you must succeed, lead. .. The world belongs to the Leader." BARRETTO, ALBERTO

Lawyer and Former Deputy for Zambales to the First National Assembly in 1907. He was born in Cabangaan, Zambales, on November 21, 1867. He took his secondary course in the Jesuits' college in Manila and later in the University of Santo Tomas where he received the title of Licenciado en Jurisprudencia in March, 1903. During the Spanish regime in the Islands, he held the following positions: Acting Promotor Fiscal of Batangas, 1894; Fiscal Lawyer of the Audiencia of Manila; Sub-secretary of the Obras del Puerto of Manila, 1895; Justice of the Peace of 98

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Binondo, Manila, in 1897. In 1898 he took charge of the office of the Court of First Instance of Binondo. During the Philippine Revolution, he was representative in Malolos for Masbate. In February, 1898, he was named Teniente Coronel Auditor de Guerra of Northern Luzon, and was appointed Director de Diplomacia of the Secretaria de Estado. Later on he was taken to Manila as a political prisoner and set free in November, 1899. In April, 1903, Don Alberto was named Registrador de Titulos de la Propiedad de Manila, but resigned in February, 1905. He was President of the Partido Independista and Director of La Independencia, 1906-1907. He was also vice-president of the Partido N acionalista, and appointed later Secretary of Agriculture and Natural Resources. He occupied various responsible elective and appointive positions in the government. BARRION, ANTONIO

Lawyer, Businessman and Farmer. He was born in Taal, Batangas, on February 14, 1892, son of Jose Barrion and Melchora Garcia. He studied in the Taal Elementary School and Batangas High School, graduating from the Manila High School in 1912, and took up law in the Colegio de la Jurisprudencia, and later in the Academia de Leyes, obtaining his Bachelor of Laws degree in 1916 from the latter institution. He was clerk of the Bureau of Agriculture, assistant accountant of the Philippine Constabulary, accountant and disbursing officer of the Philippine National Guard, and assistant manager of the department of corporations and inspection of the Bureau of Audits, from 1912 to 1920. After retiring from the government service in 1920, he engaged in the practice of law. In 1934 he was elected Delegate from the first district of Batangas to the Constitutional Convention. 99

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES BARRIOS, CONRADO

Judge of the Court of First Instance, Seventeenth Judicial District, Iloilo. He is 57 years old. Previous to his appointment to the Judiciary, he has been Provincial Fiscal in the following provinces: Oriental Negros from 1907 to 1909; Samar from 1909 to 1913; Occidental Negros in 1913; Capiz from 1925 to 1928; and Iloilo from 1928 to 1929. He was appointed to the Judiciary as Auxiliary Judge on March 1, 1929, and in 1931 promoted to his p,r esent position. BARTOLOME, CANDIDO C.

Director of Physical Education, University of the Philippines. A well-known figure in the world of sports and former President of the P. 1. Amateur Swimming Association, and The Big Three, Mr. Bartolome is also a swimmer of no m,ean ability, having qualified for the Springfield College team in 1927. After obtaining his E.S.E. and M.A. degrees from the University of the Philippines, he was made a fellow of the state university to the International Y.M.C.A. College at Springfield, Mass., to specialize in physical education, 1927-1929. From this College he got the degrees of E.P.E. and M.P.E. In 1921 he was appointed student assistant in physical education in the University of the Philippines; later, promoted to Assistant Director, and then appointed as Physical Director in the University when Dr. Ylanan accompanied the Olympic athletes in 1930. N ow he is the permanent Director because of his able work and activity. BARZA, ISAAC

Executive, Organizer and Businessman, Mr. Barza was born on April 11, 1890, in Panay, Capiz, the son of hard-working people, and became the husband of social welfare worker Felicisima Balgos. 100

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Few men in the Philippines have risen recently to such height of prominence and leadership as Mr. Isaac Barza, the 1931 President of the Chamber of Commerce of the Philippine Islands. Only two or three years of actual schooling in his early life can be said of Mr. Barza's education, for he is a truly modern Filipino self-made man. He was granted his honorary high school diploma in recognition of many years work as supervising teacher. He has no college training at all except a few special subjects taken at random in the University of the Philippines in later years. He was a supervising teacher in Capiz; Executive Secretary of the Student Young Men's Christian Association, 1917-24; then Ass,ociate General Secretary, Y.M.C.A., for three years, 1923-26. But something, also in the line of social service, attracted Mr. Barza, and this was life insurance. So in 1926 he started as a life underwriter until he became a leader in that line and was appointed National Supervisor of the Insular Life Assurance Co., Ltd., Manila. Mr. Barza belongs to the United Church and is a member of the Bagumbayan Lodge No.4, F. & A. M., Philippine Columbian Association, Wack Wack Golf and Country Club, and the Young Men's Christian Association. He is the adviser of the Insular Life Underwriters Association. "How is it," many asked, "that Mr. Barza left the Y. M. C. A.?" "Because when he heard the call for business men from the business leaders of his country and for social work which he loved he decided to devote his life to business路 and the national economic development of his country 1" And tnat is why he has been the father, organizer and promoter of the First National Business Men's Convention, 101

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES considered by the Hon. Governor-General H. L. Stimson as one of the greatest achievements of the latter's administration in February, 1929. But the basis of it all seems to be the determination with which he lived up to the passage written路 on a little piece of paper which used to be on his desk: "The persons who have succeeded in life are those who have stuck to a certain great ideal without flinching. I like Stubborn Folks." BAUTISTA, FELIX

Lawyer and Agriculturist. He was born in Masantol, Pampanga, on May 2, 1890, son of Apolonio Bautista and Nicolasa Bonifacio. He studied primary course in the Colegio de N uestr'a Sra. del Rosario de Manila, and high school course in the San Juan de Letran College, and j uridical science in the Escuela de Derecho de Manila, the University of California, and the University of Washington. He is member of both the Washington and Philippine bars. He also engages in farming. Mr. Bautista was member of the provincial board of Pampanga, census inspector, and Delegate in 1934 to the Constitutional Convention from the first district of Pampanga. Once member of the reportorial staff of El Im1Jarcial and traveling correspondent of Libertad, he is also a writer of verses both in Spanish and in Pampango. BAUTISTA, MARCELINO

Acting Superintendent of Schools, Balanga, Bataan. The son of Fabian Bautista and Marta Lopez, he was born in Luna, La Union, on September 27, 1897. He entered the Meisic Pri:mary School, in Manila, and Luna and Balaoan Intermediate schools, in La Union. He finished the high school course in the La Union High School (Valedictorian). He entered the University of Washing102

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES ton, Seattle, Washington, U. S. A., and obtained the degree of Bachelor of Arts in Education, (c um laude, in 1925. Mr. Bautista began his public life as an Intermediate Classroom Teacher from 1917 to 1918; Principal in the Primary School from 1918 to 1919 and Principal in the Elementary School from 1919 to 1920; Supervising-Principal in 1920 and High School Teacher from 1925 to 1927. Later he became Principal, High School, from 1928 to 1935, and then Acting Division Superintendent in 1936. He was the first Filipino Principal of High School in Rizal and Manila and First President of the Association of Secondary School Principals. His philosophy of life is "Do the best you can for others. If there is any return coming to you, the Natural law of compensation will take care of that." BECK, ISAAC

Business Executive; Manager, 1. Beck, Inc. "The first thing to do is to start: that is, work for others even at a small salary, and then save; and with your savings begin your own business, actively, honestly. That is what I did. I started and remained in Manila, for a rolling stone gathers no moss." So spoke Mr. Is'a ac Beck, with the force of confidence of one who did. Did he not establish the first American store on the Escolta about thirty years ago with his savings, one thousand pesos-now the 1. Beck, Inc., classed among the one-million-peso corporations in the Philippines? He was barely thirty years when he came to the Philippines, peddling "sari-sari." As he had the pluck, he grew and succeeded. Now the 1. Beck store is famous for its first class goods. ''Work much and use your sense. Sell and save!" counsels the man who does not consider himself a success, for his greatest desire is to serve the public and to satisfy his customers. As he wittily said, "This is a 103

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES school," pounding with his fist on his desk, "my office!. .. " And one can almost see what he means as he recalls the history of the store thirty years ago, as a mere school, and compares it with the present concrete building, a real university. BEJASA, BRAULIO

Judge, Court of First Instance, Pangasinan. He is 57 years old. He was Assistant Attorney of the Bureau of Justice from 1920 to 1929. On March 1, 1929, he received his first appointment to the Judiciary as Auxiliary Judge. In 1933, he was promoted to Judge of the Court of First Instance, Eighteenth Judicial District, Occidental N egros. BENEDICTO, TEODORO

Businessman and Agriculturist. Among the most prominent citizens and highly respected proprietors in the City of Iloilo is Mr. Teodoro Benedicto who is at the same time a commercial leader of the country. A prince of good fellows, Don Teodoro is the President and General Manager of the Eagle Cinema Co., Inc., of Iloilo, Iloilo. Mr. Benedicto is by common consent a self-made man. Magnanimous and optimistic, he represents that jovial type of Filipino gentleman who thinks his own thoughts and lives his own life freely and fully. As one comes in direct contact with this interesting personality, he cannot but help admire him for his absolute candor, his sweet temperament, and his attractive nature. Always courteous, always modest, always genial, Don Teodoro strikes his friends and acquaintances as a real citizen of the world who has tasted and known the bittersweet of life. He is a character once seen and always remembered. 104

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES He is simple but impressive; he is frank but persuasive; in fact, Don Teodoro is a friend of the poor, and counselor of the rich. Eminently progressive and prosperous as a private citizen and as a businessman Mr. Teodoro Benedicto is a leader born, not made. BENGZON, CESAR

Judge, Court of Appeals. Commented the Herald: "Of all the members of the new branch of the Philippine judicial system, Under-Secretary of Justice Cesar Bengzon is probably the most outstanding because of his rapid rise in his chosen career. His rise is meteoric considering the fact that he has only turned 40. "He is a product of the college of law of the University of the Philippines. He became a member of the bar in 1919 and in 1920 he was named special attorney in the bureau of justice. In the same year he was promoted to the position of assistant attorney. By 1929 he was already first assistant attorney. "Other appointments came within a few years. He was appointed solicitor general in 1931 and in 1933 he was named under-secretary of justice. Until shortly before his appointment to the last position, he had been professor and dean of the College of Law of the University of Manila. "Judge Cesar Bengzon is comparatively a young man, but his career is an experience that is filled with priceless treasures of achievements. He 'Was born on May 29, 1896, at Camiling, Tarlac, the son of Vicente and Paz (Cabrera) Bengzon. Most of his education was obtained at the Ateneo de Manila where he was a universal favorite, winning 42 scholarship medals within the seven years he stayed there. In 1915 he finished the degree of bachelor of arts with the title of magna cum laude. 105

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES "He was dean of the National Law College for five years. He had to give up both the deanship and professorship of the college because of the pressure of accumulating work and growing responsibility in the government." BENITEZ, CONRADO

Dean of the College of Business Administration, University of the Philippines. He was born in November, 1889, in Pagsanjan, Laguna. He studied in the Philippine Normal School, 1904; and was later sent to the United States as a government pensionado in 1906. He obtained his Ph.B. degree in 1910 and his M.A. degree in 1911 from the University of .Chicago. On his return to the Philippines, he was appointed in 1912 instructor of economics at the University of the Philippines. In 1915 he was made assistant professor of history, economics and sociology, until 1918 when he became the Dean of the College of Business Administration. Dean Benitez is also a lawyer, having finished the law course in the State University in 1916. He is author of History of the Philippines and Philippine Comnnerce of Long Ago; for, in fact, he is the foremost historical re~ searcher in the Islands. BENITEZ, FRANCISCO

One of the foremost educators in the Philippines. Mr. Benitez is Dean of the College of Education, University of thf' Philippines, which he founded in 1918. "What are his contributions to education and to the service of his country?" is often asked. They are (1) the raising of the standard of training teachers, when he or~ ganized the college of education, also contributing to the financial side of the government by reducing the importation of American teachers; (2) the publication of the Philippine Journal of Education, as editor and founder eighteen W6

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES years ago, a purely educational magazine, without advertisement, always sticking to its editorial policy of defending Filipino teachers; and (3) the organization of the National Federation of Teachers, thirteen years ago, with chapters all over the Islands, of which he has been the president since its inception. For such unique work for the advancement of education in the Philippines, Mr. Benitez has been awarded, as world recognition of his contribution to his life-chosen profession, the "University Medal" of Columbia University, whiCh was in 1929 conferred upon him on the 150th anniversary of his Alma Mater, for "merit and distinguished service." Mr. Franci~co Benitez was born in Pagsanjan, Laguna, on June 4, 1887, the son of Higinio Benitez and Soledad Francia. He is a graduate of the Philippine Normal School, 1904; the Western Illinois Teachers College, 1909; B.S.E., Columbia, 1910; M. A., 1914. In 1914 he married Paz Marquez. He was a supervisor in the Bureau of Education, 1910-13, and dean of the College of Education, University of the Philippines, 1918 to date; and member of the Institute of Pacific Relations; editor of The Philippine Journal of Education, president of the National Federation of Teachers, and author of "Story of Great Filipinos," and "What is an Educated Filipino" and other essays of lasting importance. Mr. Benitez was a government pensionado in 1905, getting the highest marks in the competitive examination. Although his family was a family of lawyers, yet, through natural inclination he, when in America, decided, with Camilo Osias, to take up education, and not law; and since then his life has been one long, continuous achievement along this line. 107

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Such a life of outstanding achievements must undoubtedly have a guiding principle. Dean Benitez here tells it in his nonchalant way: "Set a goal, a realizable and reasonable one; enjoy the process of the work in an artistic, playful attitude towards life, your work and your goal. To me a successful man is not he who has accomplished valuable things; that is not enough; he should enjoy the work-the process-while accomplishing it, both the objective and the subjective sides of it in realizing the goal set. Let me repeat: love the work, enjoy every bit of it, and you will find happiness with such an artistic attitude toward your goal which must be the enjoyment of your life."

Roy COLEMAN Editor and General Manager of the ManiLa Daily Bulletin. Member of the Elks, Rotary, Army and Navy, and Baguio Country clubs. A Baptist and a Mason, Mr. Bennett was born in Centertown, Kentucky, on July 2, 1889. He studied in the University of Kentucky and graduated in Journalism from the University of Missouri, in 1914. He began his career as a reporter for the Carthage Press, Missouri, 1914-1916; reporter for the St. Petersburg Times, Florida, 1916; city editor of the Gadsden Jour'OOl, Alabama; state editor of the New Orleans States; managing editor of the Lexington Herald, Kentucky; and city editor of the Cablenews-A.'merica~, predecessor of the Herald, 1918-1919; from 1922 to 1923 he traveled in China as correspondent for American papers. He also worked for the PhiLadelphia Bulletin from 1923 to 1926, and has been Editor of the Manila Daily Bulletin since 1926. BENNETT,

BENTON, LAWRENCE

Editor, Port of Manila Yearbook; Comptroller of the Manila Harbor Board which publishes the Port of Manila 108

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Yearbook. Mr. Benton was chiefly responsible in bringing out every year for the good of the public the nicely edited yearbook containing reliable and official data or statistics on Philippine commerce and industry. The yearbooks are a source of reference to one who is in search of vital statistics. Mr. Benton is a memb-er of the Manila Lodge, F. & A. M. His publication is one of the boosters of the slogan to make "Manila, the Trade Center of the Pacific" and to make the "Philippines a Traveler's Mecca." BERNABE, JOSE

Judge of the First Branch of the Municipal Court of Manila. He was born in San Mateo, Rizal, in the year 1878. He first joined the government as a clerk in the Bureau of Printing on August 9, 1907. Leaving this bureau, he was next appointed as teacher in the Bureau of Education on Octorer 1, 1908. In the general elections of 1916, he launched his candidacy as member of the Provincial Board of Rizal, and was elected. Then on January 7, 1926, he was appointed Judge in the Municipal Court of the City of Manila. BERNABE, MANUEL

Filipino Poet in Spanish. Mr. Bernabe is a poet and writer of note in Spanish, a very well known figure in literary circles. He has written various poems and short stories which are very entertaining. He was elected, at one time, representative from the province of Rizal. Many a time Mr. Bernabe has delighted the public with his "balagtasan" in Spanish with another Filipino poet, Jesus Balmori, of equal merit.

B. The Director of the Bureau of Education, Dr. Luther B. B"ewley, is a Regent of the University of the Philippines. BEWLEY, LUTHER

109

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES He was bO'rn O'n April 28, 1876, in MO'sheim, Tennessee, U. S. A., sO'n O'f JO'seph BrO'wn and Lucretia (Easterly) Bewley. In 1919 he married EleanO'r Gertrude MO'rris. Dr. Bewley was educated at Maryville CO'llege, Maryville, Tennessee, U. S. A., where he gO't in 1901 his A.B. degree. In 1916 he O'btained his M.A. degree and in 1921 his LL.D. degree. It was in 1902 when he arrived in the Philippines as a teacher fO'r the Bureau O'f EducatiO'n. Then he became a supervising teacher, high schO'O'I principal, divisiO'n superintendent, superintendent O'f Manila City SchO'O'ls, secO'nd assistant directO'r and assistant directO'r and then directO'r O'f the Bureau O'f EducatiO'n. Such a brilliant recO'rd certainly imparts genuine inspiratiO'n to' those whO' are interested in taking part in the develO'pment O'f the Philippine SchO'O'I wO'rk and educatiO'n. But this is O'nly the natural cO'nsequence O'f what in early yO'uth Dr. Bewley chO'se fO'r his life career. FO'r has he nO't specialized in pedagO'gy? His heart was in teaching. He taught in America fO'r five years befO're he went to' the Islands. Dr. Bewley is a MasO'n, Shriner (Nile Temple), and member O'f many IO'cal clubs. Raising his shaggy, thO'ughtful brO'w, and pushing up his white hair, after cO'nsidering that he has giv.en his years fO'r the develO'pment O'f the present day educatiO'nal system in the Islands, he remarked sO'nO'rO'usly, with the glO'W O'f cO'nfidence on his face: "Self-trust is the first secret O'f achievement. .. The key O'f success to' any line 0'] endeavO'r is what I said-selftrust." BEYER, H. OTLEY Scientific Researcher; Head, Department O'f AnthrO'PO'IO'gy and SO'ciO'IO'gy, University O'f the Philippines. Born 110

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES in Edgewood, Iowa, July 13, 1883; A.B., University of Denver, 1904; M.A., University of Denver, 1905. He has done geological and archaeological work in southern Colorado and New Mexico, 1904-1905; intensive study of Ifugao people, in the mountains of northern Luzon, 1905-1908; traveling and studying in China, southern Asia, Egypt, the Moorish States, Europe, and America, 1908-1909; ethnologist in the Philippine Bureau of Science and part-time head of the Philippine Museum, 1910-1914. Instructor in Anthropology and Ethnology, University of the Philippines, 1914-1916; Assistant Professor of Anthropology and Ethnology, University of the Philippines, 1918-1919; Professor of Anthropology and Ethnology, University of the Philippines, 1922-1923; Professor and Head, Department of Anthropology and Sociology, University of the Philippines, 1924 to date. Life member, American Historical Association, and the Philippine Academy; Associate member of the Institute of Pac.ific Relations, and of various learned societies; Philippine delegate to International Congress at Batavia, 1920, and 4th Pan-Pacific Scientific Congress, 1929; Attache of the Wood-Forbes Philippine Mission, 1921; and of the Monroe Educational Survey, 1924-1925; assisted in an Industrial Relations survey of the Hawaiian Islands, 1925; conducted an extensive archaeological survey of Rizal Province, Luzon, 1926-1928, still continuing. Delegate of Philippine Government at First Congress of Prehistorians in the Far East, Hanoi, 1932; and President of the Second Congress for Prehistoric Research in the Far East, (Manila, February 7-13, 1935). Also member Philippine Historical Research and Markers Committee; of the Insular Committee on Mining Rights and Customary Law in the Mountain Province. 111

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Prof. Beyer has also done general research in Philippine and Far Eastern pre-history and historic archaeology. Philippine ethnography and history, The Tektite question, and study of Philippine tektites in particular. Publications after 1910: An Ifugao Burial Ceremony (1911), with R. F. Barton; An Ifugao Rice Drink (1912); Origin Myths among the Philippine Mountain Peoples (1913); Population of the Philippine Islands in 1916 (1917) ; Non-Christian Peoples of the Philippines, in Census of 1918, Vol. II (1921); The Philippines before Magellan (1921); Co-author in Steiger-Beyer-Benitez History of the Orient (1926); A Prehistoric Iron Age in Luzon (1928) ; A Prelilminary Classification of Philippine Stone Implements (1928); Cerol'fnic wares found in the Philippines (Vol. I, Manila, 1930) ; Beyer-Holleman Collection of Original Sources in Philippine Customary La~v (11 volumes, Manila. 1931-1932; now being edited and published. probably in 4 printed volumes, under the editorship of Dr. James A. Robertson, at Washington, D. C.); Review of work in Philippine Archaeology (in Vol. III of the Proceedings of the Third Pacific Science Congress, Tokyo, 1926; pp. 2469-2491); Summary of recent discoveries in Philippine Archaeology" (in Proceedings of First Congress for Prehistoric Research in the Far East, Hanoi, 1932); Tektites 1:n Luzon (Manila, 1928); New Data ' on Chinese amd Siamese Ceramic Wares of the 14th and 15th centuries (Manila, 1930) ; A History of Mala;ysia prior to Europeam Gontact (1929-1934) ; Report of a Systematic Archaeological Survey of Rizal Province, Luzon, in 1926-1930 (Manila, 1931-1934), not yet published; Philippine Tektites (Manila, 1933-1934) ; The New Stone Age in Batangas Province, c.1000 B.C. (in Proceedings, Second Congress for Prehistoric Research in the Far East, Manila, Februa112

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES ry, 1935); A Report on Prehistoric beads and other ancient jewel1'y in the Fa;r East (in Proceedings, Second Congress for Prehistoric Research in the Far East, Manila, February, 1935); The Ph.ilippine People of Pre-Spanish Times, illus. (in Phil. Magazitne for October, 1935) ; Philippine Tektites, illus. (in Philippine Magazine for December, 1935). BILOG, GREGORIO

Attorney-at-Law and Operator in Real Estate. Mr. M. Bilog is among the few lawyers who engage professionally in the real estate business. He was born on April 20, 1897, at Lemery, Batangas. He married Pilar Guison in 1926. Mr. Bilog is a product of the public schools. It was his brother, Manuel Bilog, who helped him in his studies until the second year, high school. Then he worked his way in school while employed at the Bureau of Constabulary. He attended the University of Manila and studied law, graduating as LL.B. in 1923. Mr. Bilog is a self-made man, one possessed with initiative, and a will of his own. Inspired by real estate operations transacted by the big people of the city, he entered the field himself; and through long training and practice, he has at last become a leading factor in this line. "Real estate," he said, "is the safest of all investments." Behind all his struggles-his success-there is one torch that leads him. It is this motto of his-"Honestyalways." Hard worker and methodical, Mr. Bilog is, as his many friends say, "a person of culture," sincerely trustful in "where there is a will there is a way." 113

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES BINAG, MIGUEL G.

Lawyer and Businessman. He was born on May 8, 1893, in Cabagan, Isabela, son of Alberto Binag and Maria Bautista. He attended the public school in his home town and the Cagayan School, and graduated from the College of Law of the University of the Philippines with the Degree of Bachelor of Laws in 1915. After practicing law for some time, he was elected Representative from his home province. Mr. Binag engages also in the lumber and tobacco business. In 1934, he was elected Delegate from the district of Isabela to the Constitutional Convention.

A. H. Vice-President of Koppel, Incorporated. He was born in Denver, Colorado, on March 1, 1891. He began his schooling in the Denver public schools and later studied in the University of Colorado. He came to the Philippines on October 22, 1910, as an employee of the Cooper Company. He served in various capacities in this company until he became president and general manager. He has been managing the Koppel Industrial Car and Equipment Co. from 1923 to 1928. Mr. Bishop is a Mason, Shriner, and a member of the Elks, Army & Navy, Polo, Rotary, University, Baguio Golf and Country and Yacht clubs. BISHOP,

BLAS, ANGEL DE

Former Rector and President, San Juan de Letran College. Reverend BIas belongs to the Spanish Dominican fathers. Professor, Theological Faculty; Faculty of Philosophy and Letters; Professor of Law in San Juan de Letran College and also of College of Education, University of Santo Tomas. He is one of the present educators in the famous San Juan de Letran College (founded in 1630) where many of our past and present leaders were edu114

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES cated. "For over three hundred years, San Juan de Letran has never ceased to form staunch Catholics and spirited citizens. And the list of those who, with their exceptional talents and spirit of fortitude, have brought honor to the Philippines, is as long as the life of the tricentenarian institution has been." An educator and soldier of Christ, Rev. BIas believes with Emerson-"When life is true to the poles of Nature, the streams of Truth will roll through us in song." BLUNT, ARTHUR POWLETT

British Consul General in Manila. He was born in England on July 13, 1883. He joined the foreign service or England at the early age of 22. He served in China from November 17, 1905, to March, 1935. Starting as an interpreter until he became consul-general of Nanking, he came to the Philippines in March, 1935, to succeed Thomas Harrington, former British Consul for Manila.

L. Assemblyman from the third district of Samar and Lawyer. He was born in Llorente, Samar, on July 25, 1905. He attended: Llorente Primary School, 1915-1918; Borongan Elementary School, 1918-1921; Silliman Institute, 1921-1927, A.A.; College of Law, University of the Philippines, 1927-1931, LL.B. He was member of the Constitutional Convention, 1934-1935. In 1935 he was elected member of the First National Assembly. BOCAR, JUAN

BOCOBO, JORGE

President, University of the Philippines; Lawyer, Educator and Writer. He was born in Gerona, Tarlac, October, 1896. Educated locally and abroad, Dr. Bocobo is a man of broad 115

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES vision, a thinker, a "dyed-in-the-wool reformer," as his' contemporaries call him, and a notable professor of civil law. He was one of the first few pensionados of the Islands sent abroad in 1903 to acquire knowledge for the benefit of the islanders. He was admitted to practice law not only in the Philippines but also in the United States of America. Recently he was conferred the degree of Doctor of Laws by a California university in recognition of his educational work. Pensive and serene, Mr. Bocobo is a lucid writer, essayist, dramatist, and short story writer; his "Radiant Symbol" and !'Streams of Life" are gems. As a speaker he is forceful. He has been the honored guest and commencement speaker at many a graduation in Manila and the provinces. He has also traveled extensively abroad. As a legal writer he is the author of many outlines and books on the dIfferent branches of civil law and procedure. An LL.B. from Indiana University, he became Dean of the College of Law, University of the Philippines, 1918-1934, and was later made President of the State University in 1934. President Bocobo's utterances furnish much food for thought. In his much-discussed "Filipino Contact with America," an address delivered before the American Chamber of Commerce, under "Thinking for Ourselves," he said that the first and foremost evil is the "alarming fact that the Filipino is losing his faith in God. .. Another effect of Filipino contact with America is that there is a tendency to imitate American vices and American weaknesses, instead of American virtues and strength. "The Filipino educated under the new system does not possess that higher culture which the older Filipinos have. I have in mind the refined taste for art and the broadening knowledge of the classics. An elevating sense of the beau116

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES tiful is disappearing. The new methods of education produce men and women who are efficient in their respective calling, but who have not that generous estimate of the loveliness and of the sublime meaning of life, which comes of true culture, of a soundly developed artistic taste, and of a communion with the writers of the classics ... "Let the Filipinos determine their own mode of life, to the end that they may fulfil their own allotted mission on earth. Surely, God has destined them to follow the pathway to human amelioration, the upward trend of mankind towards perfection." T. Judge-at-Large, Lawyer and Former Governor and Representative of Tayabas. Born on December 21, 1889, at the city of Manila, Mr. Boncan was educated from 1900 to 1905 in the Liceo de Manila. He received his B.A. degree in 1905. He attended also the University of Sto. Tomas where he obtained his LL.B. degree in 1911, and was in the same year admitted to the Philippine Bar. Desirous to broaden his knowledge of the law before engaging in private practice, Mr. Boncan went to the United States and studied at the University of Valparaiso, Indiana, and then at the Columbia University, New York, where he obtained his Master of Laws degree. Returning to the Islands he opened his own law office. His name was afterwards heard when he was appointed judge. In 1928 he was also appointed governor of the province of Tayabas; but wishing to accept no position not conferred by popular vote, Mr. Boncan ran for representative for the second district of Tayabas and was elected with an overwhelming majority. In 1934 he was appointed J udge-at-Large, Department of Justice. BONCAN, MARCELO

117

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES A liard worker and a good mixer, Mr. Boncan IS a man who says with earnestness that we live in deeds, not years; and that in order to live we must work and serve our God, . our people, and our country. "For everyone," according to Sallust, "is the artificer of his own fortune." BONIFACIO, ARSENIO

Assemblyman from the second district of Laguna and Lawyer. Born in Santa Cruz, Laguna, on December 14, 1893, he was educated at the Primary school of his town; Philippine Normal School, 1909; College of Liberal Arts, University of the Philippines, Bachelor of Arts; College of Law, University of the Philippines, LL.B. In 1925 he was named Deputy Provincial Fiscal of Laguna up to 1928. Later he was elected Representative from the 2nd district of Laguna. In the last elections of 1935 he was again elected Assemblyman for the second district of Laguna. BONTO, JOSE

Assemblyman from the first district of Albay and Lawyer. He was born in Tabaco, Albay, on March 17, 1896; 1917, Valedictorian, Albay High School; 1920, B.A., University of the Philippines; 1924, B.LL., University of the Philippines; and first prize winner for the best graduation thesis. The public positions he held were: Deputy Provincial Fiscal of Albay, 1926-1927; Deputy to the National Assembly from the first district of Albay. In 1935 he was elected Assemblyman from the first district of Albay to the National Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Philippines. BORDNER, HARVEY ALBERT

Educator, Former Superintendent of City Schools. "Our greatest glory is not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall." This beautiful thought characterizes 118

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES the splendid educational achievement of Harvey Albert Bordner who, sixty-three years ago, was born in Mt. Aetna, in the Quaker State of Pennsylvania. Former Superintendent of City Schools Mr. Bordner was educated at the State Normal School, A.B., in Pennsylvania. He came to the Philippine Islands in 1902; from 1902 to 1915 he served as Superintendent of Schools in various provinces of the Islands; and from 1915 to 1918 he was in charge of the Philippine Normal School. Under Mr. Bordner's tutorship, many of the Islands' bright and leading men and women have been educated and moulded. Mr. Bordner was appointed Superintendent of City Schools in 1918, and his work since was one of steady progress and development. He retired in 1935. A Mason and an educational leader, Mr. Bordner typifies the living man of notable achievement, as stated by the eaitors of "Who's Who In America." BORROME0 1 FORTUNATO

Judge of the Court of First Instance, Twenty-third Judicial District, Bohol and Occidental Misamis. He is 45 years old. Previous to his appointment to the Judiciary, he was Deputy Provincial Fiscal of Cebu in 1916, and later was successively Provincial Fiscal of the following provinces: Misamis, 1917-1920; Iloilo, 19221928; and Cebu, 1928-1929. On March 1, 1929, he received his first appointment to the Judiciary, as Auxiliary Judge. Four years later, he was promoted to his present position. BORROMEO, GREOORIO

Provincial Governor of Oriental Misamis. He was born in Mambajao, Misamis Oriental, on April 24, 1875. He obtained his education from the Ateneo de Manila. Afterwards he became interested in farming and local pol119

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES itics. He began his political career as councilor. In 1916, he was elected member of the House of Representatives as Representative for his province. He abandoned politics for some time, but in 1934, he was prevailed upon by President Quezon to run for the governorship in his province -now regarded as one of the best provincial executives throughout the archipelago. BORROMEO, LOON

Assemblyman from Misamis Oriental, Proprietor, Businessman. He was born in Mamoajao, Camiguin Island, Misamis Oriental, on April 11, 1880. Educated in the Ateneo de Manila, Secondary course and Commerce, he was Delegado de Rentas of Mambajao and Councilor and Justice of the Peace in 1909. He was elected later to represent the first district of Misamis and re-elected in 1912 to the Philippine Assembly. From 1922 to 1925 he was Municipal President of Mambajao. In 1935 he ran for Assemblyman for Misamis Oriental and was elected to his present public position. BORROMEO, MERCEDES DE LA RAMA

Secretary-Treasurer of the Inocentes de la Rama and Company, and Manager of the Iris Theater in Bacolod, Occidental N egros. She was born in Molo, Iloilo, in 1883. She obtained her early education from the College of the Avanceiia Sisters, and in Manila, studied at the Sta. Isabel College. When she returned to Bacolod, she taught for a while and then became matron for ten years of the government dormitory for girls. Later on she became interested in the theater business, so that she induced' her uncle, Don Inocentes de la Rama, to invest money in this line of business. Today the Inocentes de la Rama and Company through her vision and activity operates and manages a string of show houses in the Visayan Islands. 120

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES BOWERS, CLARENCE H.

"Former Chief, Philippine Constabulary; Member, Pardon Board. "I have worked, worked all my life ... I put all myself to the task given me. The best I can I always do ... " Thus spoke General Clarence H. Bowers, former Chief of the Philippine Constabulary, whose brilliant military service speaks louder than words, whose romance in his life achievement is the favorite tale of humanity. Born on January 20, 1880, in Cleveland, Ohio, U. S. A., Gen. Bowers is the son of J. B. Bowers and Elizabeth Howard Bowers. He was educated in the grammar school of Cleveland. In Colorado he finished his high school education. His ambition was to be a medico. But his bellicose uncle intended him to be a soldado. For by the fireside, many a cold night, his uncle narrated to him stories of brave Americans who had made America what she is today, of great conquerors who made the world as it is now. While studying medicine, young Clarence answered the call for service. He soon found himself as a bugler for the 6th Cavalry volunteers, sent to China during the Boxer's Rebellion. From China his troop was transferred to the Philippines. Private Bowers was stationed in Binan, Laguna, and saw service in different parts of the Islands. When his troop left the Islands, Private Bowers stayed here. His services were highly commended. From the Army he resigned in 1902 and joined as clerk the U. S. Army headquarters. In 1904 Colonel Bowers was persuaded, in meeting his old comrade Col. Jones, to join the Philippine Constabulary. He was soon appointed third lieutenant of the Philippine Constabulary, and two years later second lieutenant and in 1907 was promoted to the rank of first lieutenant. Because of his proficiency in his work, he was made captain in 1910, and then major, in 1917. 121

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES His devotion to duty was what won for him immediate recognition, after mastering the activities of his organization. Thus in 1919 he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and assistant Chief of the Philippine Constabulary, and in 1924 made colonel and Assistant Chief. A graduate of the Philippine Constabulary Academy, he became superintendent of the Baguio School in 1921; also instructor and brigade adjutant of the Officers Training Corps of the Philippine National Guard. Brigadier General Bowers has recently retired as Chief of the Philippine Constabulary. His love of work and his devotion to duty and his mastery of his job have certainly won for him the unique title of "Chief," because he has the heart of an understanding father and the So.ul of a true gentleman. BRIAS, ANTONIO

Manager of he San Mlguel Brewery. Formerly President of the Casino Espanol and the Hospital Espanol de Santiago, he was born in Manila o.n February 6, 1883. He obtained his early edtlcation from the Ateneo de Manila, but later left to study in the Deusto University at Bilbao, Spain. After obtaining his A.B. from this University, he studied the German language, and having mastered it, he was admitted in the Bidgenoessisches Polytechnikum, Zurich, where he graduated in Civil Engineering. After staying a year in Co.rnell University, New York, he returned to. the Islands in 1907. Upon his arrival in the Islands, he joined the city water supply and sewerage system department. Afterwards he was induced to jo.in the San Miguel Brewery where he has been working for about thirty years. BRILLANTES, SIXTO

Assemblyman from the second district of Ilocos Sur. and Lawyer. He was born in Santa, Ilocos Sur, on Jan122

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES uary 19, 1902. He studied at Santa, Ilocos Sur, grades I to IV; at Naravan, Ilocos Sur, grade V; and VI at Santa, and graduated in March, 1921, from the Vigan High School. Later he enrolled at the College of Law, National University and graduated in March, 1925, LL.B. In 1935 he was elected Assemblyman from Ilocos Sur (second district). BRIONES, MANUEL C. Lawyer. Newspaperman, Academician; Member of the Reales Academias de la Lengua e Hispano-Americana de Ciencias y Artes. An able parliamentarian and an eloquent orator, he was born on January 1, 1894, in Cebu, Cebn. He studied in the Seminary of San Carlos, Cebu, where he obtained his A.B. and came later to Manila and pursued law in the Escuela de Derecho. As early as his student days, he showed unmistakable talent and serenity of judgment which later proved to be his assets in his parliamentary battles. At the age of eighteen, he was a newspaperman and his articles won general appreciation not only because of their soundness, depth of thought and accuracy, but also because of their being beautiful literary pieces. At nineteen, he was editor of La Revolucion and later he edited La Tribuna, another newspaper in the city of Cebu. In 1917, the Casa de Espana sponsored a Spanish prose literary contest, and young Briones was one of those who won the first prizes. He was the founder of El Espectador, a national daily published in Cebu. His brilliant political career started in 1919 when he was elected to represent the first district of Cebu in the Lower House of the Philippine Legislature. The faith which the electorate of the district had in his ability was such that he was continuously elected to the House of Representatives in the general elections of 1922, 1925, and 1928. Thus, from 1919 to 1931 he was uninterruptedly the Representative of the first district of Cebu. During the

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Eighth Legislature (1928-1931), he was the chairman of the Steering Committee and Majority Floor Leader of the Lower House. He was member of the Independence Mission to America in 1930. In 1931, he :was elected Senator for the Tenth Senatorial District, and in 1934 he ran as Delegate to the Constitutional Convention and once more triumphed and became a very valuable member of the Convention. BROWN, Roy HDWARD

President, Silliman University, Dumaguete, Negros Oriental, and Preacher. Son of J almes Brown and Mercy (Playter) Brown, he was born in Girard, Kansas, U. S. A., on May 2, 1878. He obtained his A.B. from Park College, Missouri, U. S. A., and his B.D. from McCormick Seminary, Chicago, Illinois. He received his D.D. in 1922 from Park College and his LL.D. in 1935 from Adar College. He is a post-graduate, Chicago University, Illinois. Dr. Brown began his educational and mission work in the province of Albay from 1903 to 1921 and translated the Bible in Bicol. At the same time, he is a lecturer, writer and preacher. He has been pastor of large churches in the United States and a member of service clubs. At present he is the President of Silliman University. His philosophy of life is: "Man's chief duty is to love the Lord, his God, with all his heart, mind and soul amd his neighbor as himself." L. Assemblyman from Nueva Vizcaya and Physician. He was born in Dolores, Abra, on March 12, 1896. He studied at the Dolores and Bangued Elementary Schools, Abra, 1905~1909; Bangued Intermediate School, 1909-1912; Bangued and Vigan High Schools, 1912-1916; College of Liberal Arts, University of the Philippines, 1916-1918; BUENAFE, BERNARDO

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BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Drake and Iowa State Universities, 1919-1920; College of Medicine, University of Nebraska, 1921-1925. He became Resident Physician, Illinois Central Hospital, 1925-1926, Doctor of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska, 1926; commissioned officer with rank of Surgeon under the Philippine Health Service, 1927-1935. Also he was Resident Physician, Bayombong Provincial Hospital, 1927-1928; Cuyo Hospital, Palawan, 1928-1930; SubDistrict Health Officer, 1928-1930; Resident Physician, Puerto Princesa, Provincial Hospital, Palawan, 1930-1932; Resident Physician, Bayombong Provincial Hospital, 19321935. He was elected in 1935 Assemblyman for Nueva Vizcaya. BUENAFLOR, TOMAS

Assemblyman from the fourth district of Iloilo and Agriculturist. He ",as born in Dumangas, Iloilo, on December 18, 1888. He attended a private school of his province. In 1906 he studied commerce at the Colegio Mercantil, now the National University. The public positions which he occupied are Councilor of his town, 1912, and Municipal President, 1916. In 1926 he became member of the Junta Examinadora de Policias up to 1927. In 1928 he was elected Representative for the fourth district of Iloilo, and in 1935 he was also elected Assemblyman for the same district. F. Provincial Treasurer, San Fernando, La Union. Son of Ambrosio Buenaventura and Manuela Fajardo, he was born in Imus, Cavite, on February 14, 1892. He was educated in the private and public schools of Imus, Cavite, and in the Cavite High School. Mr. Buenaventura is also a Certified Public Accountant. He held the positions of Municipal Teacher, Internal Revenue Clerk, Bookkeeper, BUENAVENTURA, ANTONIO

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Chief Clerk, Provincial Secretary-Treasurer of Batanes, Provincial Treasurer, Zambales and Surigao, City Treasurer of Baguio, Inspector and Special Disbursing Officer of the Philippine Census of 1918. BUENCAMINO, JR., FELIPE

Assemblyman, Nueva Ecija; Attorney-at-Law, a well known corporation lawyer and Agriculturist. He was born on December 12, 1886, in Manila, the son of Felipe Buencamino and Guadalupe Abreu. He married Maria Romero in 1907. Mr. Buencamino was educated at the Ateneo de Manila and Liceo de Manila. He attended the University of California and Rizal University, (LL. B. degree) and was admitted to the Philippine bar in 1909, and also to the Supreme Court of the United States in 1914. He has since practiced in Manila as a corporation lawyer. He was secretary of the then Resident Commissioner, 19141915, and secretary also of the Philippine Assembly, 19161917. In the Philippine National Guard Mr. Buencamino was a major. He is a member of the Philippine Bar Association, International Bar Association and the American Bar Association, and a director of the Philippine Carnival As.sociation. He is president and general manager of the Nueva Ecija Sugar Mills, Inc. He is a factor in the rice and sugar industry. Mr. Buencamino was elected repr.esentative from Nueva Ecija to the Ninth Philippine Legislature. In 1935 he was also elected Assemblyman from Nueva Ecija to the first National Assembly of the Commonwealth. The son of the illustrious and historic figure, Don Felipe Buencamino of First Philippine Republic fame, he is certainly a leader not only in his legal profession but also in the public affairs of his country. 126

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES What has always dominated the brilliant career of Mr. Buencamino is his outspokenness, his sincerity, his original opinions which bear the stamp of a thinker, of a forceful leader. BUENCAMINO, VICTOR

Director of the Bureau of Animal Industry and Acting Under Secretary of Commerce and Agriculture. He was born in Tondo, Manila, on February 15, 1888, the son of Don Felipe Buencamino and Guadalupe Abreu. He acquired his early education from the Liceo de Manila and the San Juan de Letran. In 1900 he left for the United States where he studied at the Boones University High School at Berkeley, and later in the University of California to study banking. Business, however, did not so interest him very much that on his return to the Islands in 1907 he served as Veterinary Inspector and private clerk to the Director of Agriculture. In 1908, Dr. Buencamino was again sent to the United States to study veterinary science in the Cornell University. He finished this course in 1911 with the degree of Doctor of Veterinary Science. He then returned to the Philippines and resumed his work at the Bureau of Agriculture. In 1930 he was appointed Assistant Director of the Bureau of Animal Industry, and when Dr. Manuel L. Roxas was promoted to become Under Secretary of Agriculture and Commerce, he was made the Director.

B. A'ssemblyman from Bulacan, Lawyer and Agriculturist. Born in Malolos, Bulacan, on March 12, 1879, he is the son of Saturnino Buendia and Petrona Buidon. General Teodoro Sandiko was his first teacher. After attending the San Juan de Letran College, he graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Arts from the Liceo de Manila. He took active part in the Philippine Revolution, being lieutenant BUENDIA, NICOLAS

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES of infantry in the Philippine army, and under the early years of American government, he was municipal secretary, municipal councilor, and municipal president of Malolos, and afterwards provincial governor of his province, Bulacan. He was one of the founders of the Philippine Independent Church, and of the Masonic Lodge of Malolos. He was Delegate from the first district of Bulacan in 1934 to the Constitutional Convention. In 1935 he was elected member of the first National Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Philippines. BUENO, MAXIMINO G.

Teacher and Former Delegate to the Constitutional Convention. After studying in his home town and graduating from the Ilocos Norte High School in 1921, he attended Crane College in Chicago, and later graduated as Bachelor of Arts in 1928 from the University of Michigan. His post graduate studies (Master of Arts in Political Science) in the latter institution were under the supervision of former Vice-Governor General Joseph Ralston Hayden. He was member of the Alpha Delta, an honorary national social science fraternity, member of the American Academy of Political and Social Science of Philadelphia, technical assistant in history and government in Washington, D. C., and worked in the Philippine Senate from 1931 to 1933. At present he teaches in the National, University in European history and politics. A much-traveled man, Mr. Bueno was elected Delegate in 1934 to the Constitutional Convention from the first district of Ilocos Norte. He published a work entitled, The Filipino-American Policy Toward the Moros.

E. Vicar General, Curia Eclesiastica. Son of Jose F. Bustamante and Baldomera Melgarejo. He was born on BUSTAMANTE, JOSE

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BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES October 26, 1864, in Binondo, Manila. Educated under the Juan de Letran College. In Santo Tomas University Juan de Letran College. In the University of Sto. Tomas, he took up Philosophy, Metaphysics, Natural History, Dogmatic Theology and Ecclesiastical Universal History. In 1884, he entered the Seminary of San Carlos of Manila and was ordained priest in 1888, and later 'Was appointed Coadjutor of Binondo; Prebendado de la Santa Iglesia Catedral in 1907; Maestro de Ceremonias y Mayordomo de S. I. C., in 1907; Priest of Binondo, in 1908; Vocal, Monte de Piedad in 1909 and in 1914; Dignidad de Tesorero of the Sta. Iglesia Catedral in 1913; Treasurer of Obras' Pias de la Sagrada Mitra, 1914; Provisor and Vicar General of the Archbishopric of Manila in 1918; appointed Protonotario Apostolico, 1920; President of Consejo de Administracion of the Monte de Piedad, 1922; Gobierno Eclesiastico, S. P., 1926, 1927, 1928; Delegado Episcopal de la Nueva Diocesis de Lingayen, 1929; Gob<ierno Eclesiastico, S. P., 1930-1931; Vicar General, Manila. "Piety.'" BUTTE, GEORGE

Lawyer and Jurist; former Vice-Governor and Secretary of Public Instruction of the Philippines. The son of Charles Felix and Lena Clara (Stoes) Butte, and born on May 9, 1877, in San Francisco, California, Mr. Butte married Bertha Lattimore in 1898 and was educated at the Texas College, B.A., 1895, LL.D., 1921; University of Texas, B.A., 1903; M.A., 1904; at the University of Berlin, 1911-12; Heidelberg University, J.U.D., 1913; and Ecole de Droit, Paris, 1913-1914. He was appointed Justice of the Philippine Supreme Court in 1932. Lawyer, Educator and Writer, Mr. Butte practiced law in Oklahoma and was admitted to the Supreme Court of 129

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES the United States. He waS' professor of law and dean of the University of Texas, 1923-1924. He was Attorney General of Porto Rico, 1925-1928, and also acting governor; and special assistant to the Attorney General of the United States. In 1931 he was appointed by President Hoover Vice-Governor of the Philippines. He resigned as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines in 1935. Aut~or of "Great Britain and the Panama Canal," he also served as major during the World War. His commencement address, "Reverie" is scholarly and well commented. Not only is he after one's controlled thinking, but he is also of the opinion that "Life's greatest object is growth I" BUYSON-LAMPA, MARIANO

Judge of the Court of First Instance, Seventeenth Judicial District, Iloilo. He is 55 years old, a native of Bacolor, Pampanga. Previous to his appointment to the Judiciary, he was Third Member of the Provincial Board of Pampanga. He received his appointment as Auxiliary Judge on December 23, 1924. In 1929 he was promoted to his present position. CABAHUG, SOTERO B.

Provincial Governor of Cebu and Lawyer. He was born in Mandalwe, Cebu, on April 22, 1891. He learned the first letters in his native town from 1898 to 1903. The first five years of the secondary course were studied in the Colegio Seminario de San Carlos, Cebu, from 1904 to 1909, and the last year in the San Juan de Letran College where he obtained the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He enrolled in the University of Santo Tomas where he stayed for five years. In 1915, he received his diploma as Licenciate in Jurisprudence, meritissimus. In 1916 he was admitted to 130

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES practice law in the Islands. He accepted the position of Justice of the Peace of Surigao from 1917 to 1918. From 1918 to 1919, he acted as provincial deputy fiscal of Cebu. On October 15, 1919, he resigned from his post as fiscal and with former Senator Manuel C. Briones and former Represeritative Paulino Gullas, he opened the law office under the name Gullas, Briones & Cabahug. In 1920, he was named councilor of his native town, Mandawe, and in 1922, he was candidate for the same position. He was acting Municipal President of Mandawe in 1924, and won in the 1928 general elections as representative for the second district of his province, and was re-elected in the general elections of 1931. Also elected Governor of Cebu in 1934, Mr. Cabahug is one of the leading figures of the Visayas. CABARROGUIS, LEoN

Provincial Governor, Nueva Vizcaya. Son of Tomas Cabarroguis and Gregoria Cabangcla, he was born in Narvacan, Ilocos Sur, on April 9, 1893. He finished the elementary grades in his home town. He completed the high school course in the National University and is a holder of Public Accountant's Certificate issued by the Board of Accountancy of the Philippine Islands. He has been computer and cashier in the Bureau of Lands, Deputy Auditor of the Bureau of Audits and Chief Clerk and Deputy Provincial Treasurer of Sulu and Lanao. He was an Internal Revenue agent of the Bureau of Internal Revenue. In 1931, he was elected provincial governor of Nueva Vizcaya and he still holds his office to this date. He was Delegate for Nueva Vizcaya to the Constitutional Convention. Here is his philosophy of life : "You can get everything out of me, but leave me; my conscience is clear, and let me go. I came into this rough world without a pant, and without it I go." 131

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES

L. Assemblyman from Lanao and Lawyer. He was born in Iligan, Lanao, on March 7, 1903. He received his education as follows: 1911-1915, Iligan Primary School; 19151918, Iligan Elementary School; 191'9-1920, Zamboanga Provincial High School; 1920-1921, Cebu High School; 1921-1922, Silliman Institute; 1922-1923, Cebu High School; 1923-1925, Junior College, U. P., Cebu Branch; 1925-1927, Visayan Institute College of Law, Cebu; and 1927-1929, Philippine Law School. He was messenger, District Engineer's office, Lanao; Justice of the Peace of the 17th Municipal District of Lanao and Acting Justice of the Peace of Dansalan, Lanao. In 1934, he was elected Delegate to the Constitutional Convention and in 1935, elected Assemblyman from Lanao. CABILI, TOMAS

CACHO, JESUS

Business Executive, Manager of Germania, printers and lithographers. He was born in Iloilo, Iloilo, on November 7, 1894. He obtained his education from the Ateneo de Manila, the San Juan de Letran, and finally from the University of Sto. Tomas, where he received his LL.B. He was an athlete, having played for the Philippine Soccer Football team in the Far Eastern Olympic Games in 1913. He is a lover of sports and a well-known philatelist. Mr. Cacho is the manager of Germania, printers and lithographers, and owner of the "Cacho Hermanos" and the Panay Electric Company, and director of other organizations. CACHO, MARIANO M.

Civil Engineer and Businessman. Born in Iloilo, on November 23, 1893, he is the son of Don Francisco and Dona Candelaria (Soriano) Cacho. He attended the Ateneo de Manila, San Juan de Letran College, 1909, and the 132

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES University of Santo Tomas where he obtained his C. E. degree, 1913; went to the United States to complete his professional studies and took a degree in Civil Engineering at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; credited with having constructed more buildings than any other engineer in Iloilo; also designed many of the finest structures in that city an-d in Jaro. He executed the P200,000 contract for two concrete reservoirs in Sta. Barbara. In association with his brothers, he purchased, in 1927, the Panay Electric Company, of which he is general manager. He was president of the International Chamber of Commerce of Iloilo. CAILLES, JUAN

Provincial Governor of Laguna. Governor Cailles was born on November 10, 1871, in Nasugbu, Batangas. He first studied in a private school conducted by Olvidio Caballero, in the town of Tuy, Batangas. He then went to Manila, enrolled in the Jusuits' Normal School, and then, after graduation, became a teacher in Cavite. When the Revolution broke out in 1896, he joined the Revolutionary Forces under General Aguinaldo. Through persistence and ability, he rose up from the rank of a common soldier to that of a genera.l. When the hostilities ceased, he was appointed Governor of Laguna in 1902. He has been chief executive of Laguna until 1910. As a manifestation of his philanthropic nature, he has spent as much as P2,000.00 a year to defray the expenses of poor but deserving students of Laguna. Governor Cailles is one of the few efficient provincial executives. CALDERON, FERNANDO

Director of the Philippine General Hospital. Little things change the course of human lives. Because he has a tender heart, because he loves his people, he cannot let them suffer, he cannot see them die! 133

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES "In my youth, very few studied medicine. I saw many people dying. The sight touched me a great deal. Thus I took up the study of medicine," said Dr. Fernando Calderon, the genial Director of the Philippine General Hospital, and the Dean of the College of Medicine of the University of the Philippines. Despite adverse circumstances in his early life, Dr. Calderon achieved lasting eminence in the Philippine medical world, because he had willingly left gay Manila in order to start his career in the provinces. N ow he occupies an outstanding position iIJ. his chosen profession. He was once acting president of the University of the Philippines. Born seventy years ago, Dr. Calderon is the son of humble people. With five pesos to start with, he came to the city of Manila in order to study. His monthly pension was P15.00. The other thing which he did at 24 was to marry early. But instead of quitting his studies and contenting himself with raising a family, he became more determined than ever to complete his medical career. In the city of Manila he landed a I5-peso position in La Direccion General e Administracion Civil. At the same time he continued his studies at the Ateneo de Manila and then at the University of Santo Tomas where he graduated in medicine in 1891. Dr. Calderon be~ame proof-reader on a Spanish newspaper, La Opinion, and earned P25.00 a month. He also worked as interne at the San Juan de Dios Hospital. When he was a full-fledged physkian, he decided to quit Manila and start his 'profession in the provinces where, he thought, his services would best be needed. He was not mistaken, for he succeeded in his plans. He practiced in Calbayog, Samar, for two years, and in Carigara and Ormoc, Leyte, as municipal physician for seven years. In these places he is known as "the doctor who had done a great deal to reduce the perils of cholera and typhoid fever." Such is the 134

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES unique tribute of these people to him. And others further said, "In those days when medical science had hardly gained a foothold, it took a really big man to accomplish what he did." During the Revolution General Lukban appointed him president of the people of Ormoc, a work which he discharged efficiently. Because of the death of his wife, he left the province of Leyte. Dr. Calderon took a post-graduate course in gynecology and obstetrics in Paris. When he returned in 1902 he wrote various scientific articles which helped a lot in the enlightening of the public along medical knowledge. His address delivered at the instance of the Asociacion de Damas Filipinas is regarded as one of his best writings. For this laid the foundation of the Gota de Leche. In 1907 Dr. Calderon became professor and chief of the department of bstetrics of the College of Medicine, University of the Philippines. When the Philippine General Hospital was, nowever, inaugurated in 1910, he became obstetrician in the hospital, and later in 1914 assistant director, and two years later Dr. Calderon was appointed director of said institution. A member of different medical associations, Dr. Calderon is also a traveler. He has gone around the world four times. "Travel is one of the best investments a man can make. Every time I travel I learned something not only in medicine but also in social, economic and political matters." CAMACHO, TEODORO

Assemblyman from Bataan and Lawyer. He was born in Balanga, Bataan, on November 9, 1884. He studied first in the school of his town. He finished his secondary course later (1900-1910). He continued his studies and became a Bachelor of Laws. From 1916 to 1919, he was 135

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Councilor of Balanga, Bataan; 1919-1922, Justice of the Peace of Bataan; and in 1928, Representative for Bataan. During the last elections, 1935, he was elected Assemblyman for Bataan. CAMPOS, ALBERTO

Newspaperman. He is Member of the Board of Directors and Manila representative of the Espafia-FiIipinas Association of Madrid, Barcelona, and Manila. He was born in Mayaguez, Porto Rico, on May 16, 1868. He studied at the Instituto Oficial de Valencia where he obtained his B. A. He is Licenciado en Ciencias from the Universidad Central de Madrid, and a Comandante de Intendencia of the Spanish Army. Mr. Campos has been a member of the staff of the Bulletin since 1904, editor of the Spa>nish section of the Free Press. He was at variolils times editor of the El Adelante, El M ercantil, the Progreso Econormico de Filipinas and editor-owner of Voz Espanola. At present he is a professor in the Centro Escolar University, and is a member of the editorial staff of El Debate.

J. Banker and Executive. "We are all toys in the hands of destiny. But with a program of life we can make ourselves." Such a philosophy, worked out religiously since about thirty years ago, when he started as a bank messenger in Iloilo, has made the speaker, Mr. Pedro J. Campos, the President of one of the oldest and biggest banks in the Philippines-the Bank of the Philippine Islands. For the career of the President of the Bank of the Philippine Islands has been certainly a living romance with a real hero. CAMPOS, PEDRO

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BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Born near the beach where the waters of the sea ebb and flow, Mr. Campos desired to be a captain, so he tried to enter a nautical school in 1904. But because of eye trouble, he had to leave it. So in October, 1905, he entered the employ of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation at Iloilo with a salary of P20.00 a month. Since then, Mr. Campos has tried to be no longer a mere toy in the hands of Destiny. Then began difficulties, failures and heartaches, mostly failures, for the ambitious lad. But a man who has a conquering spirit and a program in lffe can not be downed. So he continued his studies at the Normal School and trained himself in his job, with the hope of becoming helpful to himself and to his institution. He worked for five years in the Hongkong bank, serving in various capacities. The Bank of the Philippine Islands was reorganized in 1912. He was offered a good position by this bank in Iloilo. Again he worked hard and in two years he was the most promising employee of that banking office. To Zamboanga he was sent as cashier. A good man is always a good man wherever he is destined. In Zamboanga, he made good. Then he was called to the Manila home office. In 1922 he returned to Iloilo to run the branch. And in 1930, Mr. Campos was elected vice-president of the company and made manager of the foreign department, too. "Education never stops," maintains Mr. Campos. "It goes on until one dies. One's life is a book. Every day teaches something. Success, I believe, is only self-improvement in any line of endeavor." All this he did. He set his goal. He worked towards it. And so Destiny put him at last where he belongs, for in the year 1932, the stockholders and members of the board of directors of the Bank of the Philippine Islands 137

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES elected him to the highest position the bank could give its deserving officers. And a life program landed him the Presidency of the Bank of the Philippine Islands. Mr. Pedro J. Campos was born in Iloilo, April 20, 1891, the son of Spanish-Filipino parents. He married Concepcion Poblador. From this union he has two children. His opinion of the needs of our country is expressed in this fine thought following the old motto of "Philippines for the Filipinos," "I believe in 'Philippine Business in the hands of Filipinos.' " CAMPOS RUEDA, ANTONIO

Manager, Campos Rueda Hnos., Inc. Member of the Casino Espafiol, the Spanish Chamber of Commerce, and the Tiro al Blanco. He was born on September 15, 1881, in Malaga, Spain. He studied in the Colegio de San Hermenegildo of the Institute of Malaga, and also in the Royal School of Commerce. He came to the Philippines in 1899. He is one of the business leaders in the Spanish community of Manila. S. Under Secretary of Agriculture and Commerce. He was born in Malabon, Rizal, on January 12, 1892, and educated in the College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines, B. Agr., in 1914. He was chemist with Behn, Meyer & Co., agricultural assistant in 1914; agricultural inspector in 1916; supervising inspector of rice and corn stations, 1920; Agronomist, 1921; assistant chief, Agricultural Extension, 1922; acting chief, Division of Agricultural Extension; inspector-at-Iarge, 1925, in the Bureau of Agriculture. He was appointed Assistant Director in 1927 and Acting Director in 1928, and then Chairman of the Fiber Standardization Board, ' Bureau of Agriculture; Delegate for the Bureau of Agriculture to the Panama Pacific CAMUS, JOSE

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BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES International Exposition, San Francisco, California, in 1915. Member of the Philippine Delegation to the International Agricultural Conference and Exposition in London, 1921; studied agricultural conditions in Ceylon, Egypt, France, Belgium, and England; member, Philippine Delegation to the Fourth Pan-Pacific Science Congress in Java, 1929. He traveled extensively all over Sumatra, the Straits Settlements, Siam and Indo-China, to make survey of agricultural conditions. In 1930, he was appointed Assistant Director and in 1934 Director of tlie Bureau of Plant Industry. He was appointed to his present position as Under-Secretary of Agriculture and Commerce on June 3, 1936. Under-Secretary Camus belongs to the Philippine Scientific Society and is Charter Member of the National Research Council of the Philippines. He has written various articles on scientific subjects. CAMUS, MANUEL

Attorney-at-Law, and Social Welfare Worker, Judge Manuel Camus, Ex-Senator from the 12th senatorial district, is known as a dean of the Philippine Bar. Educated in Singapore, where he worked as a clerk and studied English from 1893 to 1899, he returned to Manila and served as interpreter and translator for the Provost Marshal General. Later he became a law clerk and assistant city attorney. As a jurist, he was appointed judge of the Municipal Court of Manila in 1910. He was the first Filipino to serve in such a: position. As a result of his good work, he was made associate judge of the Court of Land Registration in 1913, and judge of the Court of First Instance in 1914. However, Judge Camus preferred private practice. He was member of the famous law firms of Camus & Del139

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES gado, Camus, Delgado & Recto, and Abad Santos, Camus, Delgado & Recto. N ow, he is practising law alone and is the dean of the Manila Law College. As a senator, he represented the 12th senatorial district or the Philippines. As a lawyer, Mr. Camus has rendered oustanding service, such as when he was appointed special attorney to investigate and prosecute the directors of the Philippine National Bank and when he was appointed member of the commission to investigate and inquire into the administration of the Bureau of Prisons. Notable and distinctive in his legal career, he is a well known figure both in the business and public service fields. He is the President of EI Hogar Filipino and the Philippine Mines Syndicate. He is likewise a member of the Board of directors of the Insular Sugar Refining Corporation and the Twin Rivers Placer Mining Co. Born on October 16, 1875, Mr. Camus is the son of Captain Pedro de Camus and Gregoria Roxas. He married Matilde Vargas in 1902 and has two children, Fernando Camus, civil engineer, and Carmen, still studying. Mr. Camus is a Mason (33rd degree, Scottish Rite) ; Past Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of the Philippines; president, Y. M. C. A. of the Philippine Islands; member, executive committee and chairman, relief committee, American Red Cross, P. I. Chapter; member, executive council and Scout Commissioner of the Boy Scouts of America, and member of the Casino Espafiol and Masonic Club. "I greatly believe in the youth of the land," said Judge Camus in his office at the Masonic Temple. "The Filipino youth are the glorious promise of the Philippines. Forget about their faults and shortcomings. Let our hearts be with them. What they need is sympathetic help, a leading hand to guide them to fame and glory . . . Well, our youth 140

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES are not wanting. They will succeed. They will be the blessing of our future free Philippines. For as we think, so shall they be t" CANONOY, MATEO M.

Lawyer. Born in Maripipi, Leyte, on September 21, 1905, and son of Urbano Canonoy and Clara Mojados, he was educated in public schools of Leyte, Silliman Institute, and in the University of the Philippines where he graduated in 1929 as Bachelor of Laws. Elected as one of the youngest delegates to the Constitutional Convention froIl). the first district of Leyte in 1934, Mr. Canonoy is at present a law partner of Assemblyman Ruperto Kapunan from the fifth district of Leyte. CANSON, JOHN

Businessman; own~r of Sta. Ana Cabaret, the largest of its kind in the world. He is also Vice-President of the Philippine Racing Club, Inc. E-very man is a failure or a success, a slave or a king, as he wills. What story of Smiles or Alger can surpass in its thrilling sweep the life of a man of will, one of the old-timers of the Philippines, that of Mr. John Canson? "From Poverty to Power." Such might be the title of the book of his adventures. After bucking the tides of life, he has become through innumerable difficulties the captain of his soul, one who can proudly say to the world, like Roosevelt, the most strenuous American, "I did it!" He was born on July 2, 1878, in San Paolo Matese, Campobaso, Italy. To Mr. John Canson, the Proprietor and Manager of the Santa Ana Cabaret, the largest amusement place in the Orient; to Mr. John Canson, the living example of a man of achievement,-here is a modest tribute of appre141

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES ciatlon; here is a crown of wild oliveslâ&#x20AC;˘ With his indomitable character and with his indefatigable power of will he has been able amidst countless self-sacrifices, to build one of the greatest business enterprises of the Islands, novel in its conception and amusing in its power; thanks to his admirable vision and to his untiring efforts and to his pioneering spirit. Mr. Cans on is a success. He possesses that will that knows no defeat. His achievement is an inspiration. His magnific enterprise is enough monument to his labor of love ana life. CANTERA, FERNANDO DE LA

Civil Engineer. Designer of some of the first most modern buildings in the city of Manila, Mr. Fernando de la Cantera, prominent Civil Engineer, has acquired his great experience locally and abroad. He was born on May 4, 1888, in Barcelona, Spain, son of Fernando de la Cantera, a lawyer, and Angele L. (Blondeau) de la Cantera. He married Sara S. Korff. He belongs to the Scottish Rite Masons, Shriner (Nile Temple) ; is also member of the American Society of Civil Engineers, University Club, and Cosmos Lodge No.8, F. & A. M. Mr. de la Cantera took his engineering course at Cornell University where he graduated in 1915. As assistant engineer he worked with the Trussed Concrete Steel Co. of Syracuse, New York. When he returned to the Islands he was appointed in 1916 assistant engineer in the Department of Engineering and Public Works. Also he became associate professor of Civil Engineering in the University of the Philippines from 1916 to 1921. He was president of the Manila Engineering Co., engineers and contractors, from 1921 to 1923. He was chairman of the Board of Examiners for Civil Engineers in 1915. 142

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES He was associated with Mr. W. J. Odom, engineer and contractor, their firm's name being Odom, Cantera Engineering Co. The important structures which Mr. Cantera designed are the University Club, Heacock Building, Insular Life Building and the Lyric Theatre. Since 1931 Mr. Cantera has worked alone. A modest man, a silent worker, this prominent designer of the largest buildings in Manila is a patient toiler, a constructive thinker. Smiles, the great English writer on inspiring biographies, once said, "Every man stamps his own value upon himself and we are great or little according to our own will." CAPISTRANO, NICOLAS

Lawyer and one of the First Senators to the Philippine Legislature in 1916. He was born in Angat, Bulacan, on January 7, 1864. He graduated as Bachelor of Arts in 1886 from the University of Santo Tomas and then graduated in law in 1893. He was Registrar of Deeds in Misamis from 1896 to 1897. He took part in the Philippine Revolution in the Province of Misamis, was fiscal of Misamis from 1901 to 1906; third member, Misamis, 1906-1907; elected member of the Assembly for Misamis, 1909 and reelected in 19-12. In June, 1916, he was elected as one of the first senators to the Philippine Legislature. Later he became judge of the Court of First Instance. CARAM, FERMIN

Physician, Former Delegate to the Constitutional Convention. He was born of Syrian parents in Iloilo on June 24, 1888, but a Filipino by birth and by constitutional decree. He received his A. B. degree from the Colegio de San Agustin in 1909. He then took up Medicine at the University of Sto. Tomas, graduting in 1914. In 1931, 143

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES he was elected Member of the Provincial Board of Iloilo and in 1934, elected Delegate to the Constitutional Convention, distinguishing himself by fathering Section 2 of Article IV of the Constitution which provides that Filipino citizenship may be acquired by those born in the Philippines of foreign parents who, before the adoption of the Constitution, have been elected to public office in the Philippines. Dr. Caram is President of the Iloilo Medical Association. O. Physician and Agriculturist. Born in Baguio, Benguet, Mountain Province, on January 25, 1892, he is the son of Mateo Carino and Bayosa Ortega. He was educated in the public schools; in the University of the Philippines; Bachelor of Science, University of Chicago; Doctor of Medicine, Rush Medical College, 19[8. After being admitted to practice his pro'fession in the Philippines in 1919, he became resident physician in the Baguio Hospital. In 1921 he was appointed district health official of Benguet subprovince until 1933. In 1934 he was elected Delegate to the Constitutional Convention from the district of Benguet, Mountain Province. At present he is connected with the EI Dorado Mining Corporation, member of the Baguio Medical Society, and engaged also in farming. CARINO, JOSE

D. Real Estate Operator and Business Executive. The first man in the Philippine Islands to introduce modern methods in real estate subdivision! And to help people own their homes is the work for which Major Philip D. Carman, manager of the P. D. Carman Co., Ltd., of Manila, shall be remembered when the writer of writers shall record in his oriental page the achievements of men on this side of the world. CARMAN, PHILIP

]44

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES And he was born on the 8th of January, 1882, in Chicago, the windy city of America, son of D. M. and Mary (Lee) Carman. In 1910 he married Edna Lenora Mertz at Sedalia, Missouri. From this union were born three chifdren, now attending universities of the United States. Mr. Carman has been in the Philippines for more than twenty-five years. It was in 1898, as a minor, when he first arrived in the City of Manila. He studied at Cornell University, U. S. A., and Halle University, Germany. His early business activities were in America. He was associated with the Rambler automobile company of Kenosha, Wisconsin, as sales correspondent, and with the Marmon automobile company, Indianapolis, Indiana, as assistant sales manager. He then returned to the Islands as f~ctory representative of the J. A. Case Threshing Machin-e Co., of Racine, Wisconsin, and later manager of the'A. S, Watson Co., Inc. And these all served as preparation for the greater work ahead of him. But it was in the real estate business in the year 1920 when he, together with the late Mr. Henry W. Elser, organized the first company of its kind, the San Juan Heights Company. And its路 successl was tremendous. Then followed the P. D. Carmen Co., Ltd., (Addition Hills) where he is the managing partner. Mr. Carman was vice-president and acting president of the San Juan Heights Co., Inc., and director of the Manila Building and Loan Association. In the World War period, he served as Captain and Major, U. S. Army, and held a commission in the Officers' Reserve Corps. He was a department commander of the American Legion, first president of the Philippine Council, Boy Scouts of America, Seamen's Institute and the Manila Tennis Club; director of the Manila Golf Club, and Community Players; and member of the Manila Polo, University, Army & Navy, 145

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Manila Rotary, Tiro al Blanco, and Wack Wack Golf and Country Clubs. "Mr. H. W. Elser and I had the opportunity to purchase the San Juan property. The enterprise was a success. 75 % of the estate was sold in a little over two years. Then I formed the San Juan Heights Addition. The new company purchased the land adj oining San Juan Heights and kept on buying new pieces, building roads and installing public utilities. Houses costing about two million pesos were built and sold on installment plan," said he interestingly. "To learn to swim, one must jump into the :yvater and stick to it. It is like that in any business. Schooling is not always necessary. When conditions vary one must adjust himself. Success in a rea.l estate subdivision requires much advertising and selling effort plus a sincere desire to help make people happy by aiding them to own their homes." CARMELO, ALFREDO

Business Executive of the old famous firm Carmelo & Bauermann, Inc., Mr. Alfredo Carmelo enjoys the distinction of being the first Filipino to qualify as an airplane pilot, for he was the first to take an interest in aviation in the Philippine Islands. Mr. Carmelo was born on July 8, 1896, in Manila, the son of an illustrious couple, Eulalio Carmelo de Lakandola and Maxima Casas. He studied at the Ateneo de Manila and San Beda College and then specialized in commercial lines, painting and lithography in Leipzig, Germany, 1914 to 1916. He was president from 1920 to 1930 of the firm Carmelo and Bauermann, Inc., founded by his father in 1887. He married Elvira Ulman in Manila in 1917. Mr. Carmelo is at present the Consul of Mexico in the Philippines. 146

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES As the Filipino pioneer in aviation, Mr. Carmelo made his first flight in 1914 while in Germany. He attended the C-urtiss Aviation School in Parafiaque in 1918 and 1919 and purchased an airplane and opened an aviation school in Manila. In Europe in 1926 he flew his own airplane in France, Switzerland, Germany and Spain. He is the only Filipino who has such a colorful aviation career. Mr. Carmelo is a progressive businessman. His firm is one of the soundest of its kind; it has never asked any bank for a loan. It is a family business. "Success in lithography means mastery of its technique,',' said Mr. Carmelo. "Serve the public well. Conservativeness in everything is necessary to avoid being hit by depression. .. Do this and you will accomplish something useful for yourself and society." "Travel unconsciously gives us culture," continued Mr. Carmelo who has gone around the world five times. "Travel and you will know the world-above all, yourself, your country, God . It makes you a useful man of the universe." CARMONA, VICENTE

President, Philippine National Bank and Under Secretary of Finance. He was in 1930 Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of the Philippine Islands. It was on a fine morning when the world was in smiles when Mr. Carmona was seen at his office. Quiet and simple, he appeared truly as "A good man whom you can't keep down." Thirty-three years ago, "Bacheller en Artes" Vicente Carmona took and passed the civil service examinations and lanaed the best job the government could give him-a messenger's job. With a heroic attitude he accepted the position of messenger at P25.00 a month. Not before long his superiors noticed his good work. So he was transferred 147

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES

to the office of statistics. Later on he was turned over to the Bureau of Audits. Young Carmona continued to do his job to the best of his ability. Then the big day arrived. He was appointed Assistant Insular Treasurer. And later Insular Treasurer. And in January, 1927, he was chosen by Governor Wood as Under Secretary of Finance. It was a "well-deserved tribute paid him by Governor-General Wood," said his chronicler, "for work well done." This is not a meteoric rise. It is the success that lasts. For it was achieved slowly, but surely. "Be prepared for the position you want to hold," he once said. Thus he got himself ready for it-sticking to his job through thick and thin. He met plenty of obstacles but where there is a will there is a way. If Mr. Carmona found no way, he made one for he is like the postage stamp-"sticking to its job until it gets there." As an Insular Treasurer, where millions upon millions of pesos were entrusted to Mr. Carmona's care, he has shown his sterling character and his honesty of purpose, traits which make a man not only succeed but also lead. Mr. Carmona was born in Capiz, Capiz, on August 8, 1878, the son of Saturnino Carmona and Fernanda Villanueva. The highest executive of the Islands wrote to him regarding his meritorious W'ork: "It confirms the confidence I have always held in your integrity and ability." As President of the state bank, Mr. Vicente Carmona is a credit to his country, an example of what he rightly says and truly practices, "Integrity is the supreme virtue/' CARO, RAMON

President and General Manager, Ram Car, Inc. Magnetic in nature and the soul of optimism, Mr. Caro said: "In all that I do I am for good service and for plain honesty." 148

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Ram Car, Inc., was established for the purpose of doing business in a bigger scale. I t operates one of the largest general automobile business in the country. As proprietor and general manager, Mr. Caro runs the Caro Electrical Service, 1919, and the Auto Service Co. The Oriental Battery Manufacturing Co. was established in 1922; the Super Service Station, in 1928, and the Ace Motor Service in '1931. Mr. Caro was born in Manila on February 10, 1894. He is the son of Ramon Caro y Mora and Engracia Bellison. He was educated at San Juan de Letran College where in 1910 he completed his course in commerce. The loss of his father in 1905 made all the difference in his life. Fro~ that time on Mr. Caro did with all his might and main the real job of his life-to make himself. And then afte~ cou~tless difficulties his chance came. Finally he had found the task which life chose for him-the automotive business.

L. Chief, Measurement and Research Division, Bureau of Education. He was born in San Fernando, Pampanga, on June 17, 1899. He graduated from the Pampanga High School in 1915 and later from the University of the Philippines, B.A., with honors, in 1917. He obtained his B.A., with Phi Beta Kappa honors, from the University of Nebraska in 1920; Columbia University, 1921; post graduate studies; University of Chicago, 1922; University of Minnesota, M. A., 1921; and Ph. D., 1923. Dr. Carreon has been Instructor and Assistant Principal of the City Schools, Manila, from 1917 to 1919; Instructor and Director, Psychology Clinic of the Philippine Normal School, Manila, from 1923 to 1924, and professorial lecturer, University of the Philippines, Baguio, 1924-1926; appointed Chief of CARREON, MANUEL

149

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES the Measurement and Research Department and Superintendent of the Academic Division of the Bureau of Education in July, 1924. He is member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Charter member of the National Research Council of the Philippine Islands and Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Dr. Carreon has written a book on tests and measurements. CASTILLEJO, LINO

Educator, Commissioner of Private Education. Tumawini, Isabela, is his birthplace. He studied in the Philippine Normal School, and went later to the United States. From the Washington University he obtained his A. B. and M. A. degrees. Interested in equipping himself with a higher cultural background, he took up graduate courses in Harvard University, 1920-1922; and in Princeton, 1922-1924, and was conferred later the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. On his return to the Islands, he taught at the University of the Philippines. In 1927 he was appointed Superintendent of Private Schools, and more recently, was made Commissioner of Private Education, succeeding Mr. Buckisch. CASTILLEJOS, JUAN L.

Lawyer. He was born in Basco, Batanes, on November 22, 1878, son of Teofilo Castillejos and Joaquina Llopis. He attended the San Juan de Letran and later the Escuela Normal Superior de Maestros de Manila, completing his law studies in 1903 in the San Jose College of the Jesuit Fathers. In 1904, he was justice of the peace of Basco until 1906. Then he was elected Representative from Batanes in 1916, Governor of Batanes in 1922, and Constitutional Delegate from Batanes in 1934. 150

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES CASTILLO, MODESTO

Lawyer; Judge of the Court of First Instance, Oriental Negros and Siquijor. He was Chief of the Executive Bureau of the Philippines, and one of the governors of the province of Batangas. Mr. Castillo was born in Tanauan, Batangas, on June 15, Us66, as son of Sixto Castillo and Severina Quinio. He was educated at the town school of Cayetano Laurena and at the Ateneo de Manila, 1900, A. B. In July of the year 1907 he transferred to the University of Santo Tomas where in March, 1912, he completed law. In the same month he passed the bar examinations, and at the same time he obtained from the Universtiy of Santo Tomas the degree of "Licenciado en Derecho," with honorable mention. He practiced law from 1913 to 1922. His路 political career began as a municipal councilor of Tanauan. In 1922 he was elected provincial governor of Batangas, serving for three consecutive terms. During his incumbency as governor, he worked hard in order to create understanding between the people and his administration, pleading for support and cooperation with one another, delivering speeches and making conferences in every barrio and town, in order to make the people realize their duties as citizens and know the importance of the diversification of products, the power of thrift and the value of public improvements. As a result, understanding and cooperation came, and people began depositing their savings in the postal banks, and in consonance with his plans, he was able to build, with the help of the people, public roads and bridges, hospitals, schools, markets, and other public improvements. As a governor, Mr. Castillo lived up to his words, played his role well, and helped much in the material improvement of his province and in the cultural development of his people. 151

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES In recognition of his construction and prominent labor, Governor-General Davis appointed him Chief of the Executive Bureau on August 2, 1930; his appointment was duly confirmed by the Philippine Senate on August 6, 1930, and he assumed office on September 1, 1930. Later on, he was appointed Judge of the Court of First Instance. "Work always and be actively persevering until you reach your goal," he said earnestly with the smile of triumphant action shining in his eyes. CASTRO, SERVANDO

Bishop and Secretary General of the Philippine Independent Church. Born in Batac, Ilocos Norte, on October 23, 1863, Bishop Castro attended the parish school of his home town and the Univ~rsity of Santo Tomas where some of his schoolmates were Apolinario Mabini, Justice Ignacio Villamor, and former Judge Diego Gloria. He is a pillar of the Philippine Independent Church-Secretary General, and sometimes Acting Head. A witness to three regimes, the Spanish, Filipino, and Filipino-American, Bishop Castro is one of the oldest delegates elected to the Constitutional Convention, 1934-1935, from the second district of Ilocos Sur-indeed "one of the grand old men of Ilocandia." CAVENDER, HOWARD M.

General Agent of the Robert Dollar Co. Mr. Howard Marion Cavender has made the Philippines travel-minded. To him travel is part of man's education. That is why he became President of the Philippine Tourist Association. The son of James Harrison and Anna (Kildall) Cavender, he was born on July 14, 1897, in Bellingham, Washington, U. S. A. He married Dorothy May Grey in 1924. Mr. Cavender is Mason, Shriner, Elk, (Past Exalted Ruler and Past District Deputy Grand Exalted Ruler) and member of the Rotary Club and other organizations. 152

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Mr. Cavender was educated in Bellingham and Seattle, United States of America. At the age of 19 he entered the steamship business, being connected with the Pacific Steamship Co. from 1916 to 1923. In 1924 he joined the Robert Dollar Co., the greatest American shipping firm and the outstanding achievement of the American shipping genius, the late Captain Robert Dollar. He worked so hard and so conscientiously that he became the general agent for the Dollar corporation in the Philippines, after serving this firm at its Shanghai office. What can one deduce from such an inspiring life? . . Active, robust and a man of vision, Mr. Cavender is th'3 personification of American Efficiency, the lever of progress and prosperity. CEA, SEVERO

Farmer and Businessman. He was born in Tigaon, Camarines Sur, on April 30, 1888, the son of Manuel Cea and Rufina Fuentebella. His parents were his first teachers. He attended the San Ju.an de Letran College and graduated in commerce from the Liceo de Manila in 1905. Tfirice elected municipal president of his home town, he became member of the provincial board of Camarines Sur from 1916 to 1919, was elected Representative from the second district of his province from 1931 to 1934, and Delegate from the second district of Camarines Sur to the Constitutional Convention in 1934. CECILIO Y VELARDE, AURELIO

Provincial Governor of Nueva Ecija. He was born in Quiapo, Manila, on October 15, 1880. His parents are Domingo Cecilio and Dorotea Velarde. He learned his first letters in San Isidro, Nueva Ecija. Then he studied the intermediate grades and the first and second years of the secondary course in the School of Don Enrique Mendio153

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES la in Manila and the second and third years in the School of Don Ignacio Villamor, late member of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. Governor Cecilio finished the fourth year of the secondary course in the San Juan de Letran College and the fifth year in the Liceo de Manila. He completed his law course in the Academy of Gabriel, Medina Cui and Fermin Mariano. He took the bar examinations in 1906. Since 1906, he has practised his profession with office in the province of Nueva Ecija, up to the present time. In 1922, he presented himself as candidate for governor of his province and was elected to the position. In 1828, he was elected Representative from the second district of Nueva Ecija. Governor Cecilio is actuated with a mission in life "To aid the innocent and pardon the sinner." CELEBRADO, FRANCISCO

Assemblyman from the First District of Camarines Sur and Lawyer. He was born in Nabua, Camarines Sur, on June 4, 1901. He obtained his elementary education in Nabua and Goa, Camarines Sur. After his high school graduation, he went to Manila and enrolled in the Philippine Law School, in 1921. Four years later, he obtained the Bachelor of Laws degree and in the same year was admitted to the Bar of the Philippine Islands. The public positions which he held are-third member of the Provincial Board of Camarines Sur from 1928 to 1931 and Justice of the Peace of Magarao, Camarines Sur. In 1935 he was elected Assemblyman to represent his district in the First National Assembly of the Commonwealth -Government of the Philippines. CHAVES, PEDRO

Agriculturist. One of the Deputies for the second district of Sorsogon to the First Philippine Legislature in 154

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES 1907. He was born in Mauban, Tayabas, on November 26, 1864. He studied in the Seminario Conciliar de Nueva Caceres the secondary course and later Theology and was ordained priest in 1889. He was Coadjutor of Liboc, AIbay, and San Jose, Camarines. During the Revolution, he was captain of the Filipino army. After the war, he retired to private life, and became elected deputy to the fir st Philippine Assembly in 1907. CHAVES, RESTITUTO C.

Provincial Treasurer of Capiz. His parents are Leandro Chaves, Filipino-Spanish, and Tarcila Carlette, Filipino-French. He was born on December 9, 1888, at Castilla, Sorsogon. He received his early education from his par ents; later he entered the first Sorsogon Primary School, then the Sorsogon High School. In 1907 he transferred to the Philippine Normal School in preparation to study law but in October, 1910, he was prevailed upon to accept appointment as Recorder and later Secretary of the Provincial Board of his home province, Sorsogon. He occupied this position till 1918 when he was transferred to the office of the Provincial Treasurer. In that same year, he was appointed Chief Clerk and Deputy of the Provincial Treasurer of Sulu and later of Rizal. In February, 1921, he was appointed Provincial Treasurer of Masbate where he remained six years, and then transferred to Abra. In 1933 he was again transferred to Antique province and eight months later to the Province of Capiz, his present station. CHIOOTE, ALFREDO

Attorney-at-law, legal educator and one of the leading corporation executives of the Philippines; President of the Solocan Development Co., Inc., and member of the board of directors of various corporations. 155

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Born sixty-four years ago in Marbella, Malaga, Spain, Don Alfr~do came to the Philippines in 1883. He was educated at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran where he obtained his A.B. He studied law at the University of Santo Tomas where he received his LL.B. in 1891>. After practising his profession for some time, Mr. Chicote became justice of the peace in Quiapo and Binondo. The first law firm where he worked was Moreno & Lacalle. He was professor of law at the University of Santo Tomas from 1900 to 1925, teaching procedural law and forensic oratory. Mr. Chicote had his law office before in the name of Chicote, Miranda y Sierra, of which he was the senior partner; but now he has for his associate Mr. Jose Arnaiz, and the firm is known as Chicote and Arnaiz, having offices at the Paterno Building. As! a businessman, Don Alfredo was once a director of the Bank of the Philippine Islands, and Hospicio de San Jose, and one of the ()rganizers of the Solocan Development Co., Inc., and also vice-president of La Yebana Co., Inc., and La Urbana. Many-his students and his friends-have often asked, "What is the key to Mr. Chicote's unprecedented success in his profession as well as in his business connection?" This finds its answer in his own pet saying-"To work is to honor life." CHIDeo, FLORENTINO

Physician and Agriculturist. Born in Sto. Domingo, Nueva Ecija, on March 7, 1897, and the son of Adriano Chioco and Julia Ortiz Luis, Dr. Chioco studied first in the pubHc schools of Nueva Ecija and then in the University of the Philippines, graduating with the degree of Bachelor 156

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES of Arts in 1919. Later on he entered the Boston University where he obtained the degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1923. While abroad, after obtaining his degree in medicine, he was resident physician in the Hormophatic Hospital at Boston, the Robinson Maternity Hospital, and the Westborough State Hospital. He also visited surgical clinics in America, Canada, and Europe. Dr. Chioco is a fellow of the American Medical Association, U. S. A.; fellow of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, London, England; vice-president of the Nueva Ecija Medical Association; president of the Nueva E.c ija Rice Growers Association; member of the board of directors of the Philippine Rice Mill, Inc.; secretary-treasurer of the Liquetado Cooperative Marketing Association; member of the board of directors of the Nueva Ecija Trade Promotion Association. He was elected Delegate to the Constitutional Convention fro!1n tHe first district of Nueva Ecija in 1934. B. Assemblyman from the Second District of Bohol. He was born in Loay, Bohol, on March 6, 1892, the son of Aniceto Clarin y Velez and Margarita Butalid. He secured his early education from a private school in his home town founded by the lamented educators, Santiago Butalid and Dionisio Inting. He completed his elementary grades in the public school of Loay, and continued his studies in the Cebu High School, the Liceo de Manila and the Philippine Law School, College of Law of the National University, where he obtained the Bachelor of Laws degree. He was the founder and president of the Circulo Boholano in Cebu, Cebu, in 19fO; founder and first president of the Bohol Young People's Annual Conference, the Visayan-Mindanaw Young Men's Association, and the Loay Young People's Annual Conference in 1917; and founder CLARIN, OLEGARIO

157

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES of the Solidaridad Boholana in Manila in 1922. In 1925 he was elected Representative from the second district of Bohol; in 1932, appointed Registrar of Deeds of Bohol; and in 1935 elected member of the first National Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Philippines. His mission in life is "To ameliorate the misery of the masses."

S. Assemblyman from the second district of Sorsogon and Medical Surgeon. He was born in Donsol, Sorsogon, on September 20, 1894. Education: Bachelor of Arts, San Juan de Letran; graduated in 1918; Doctor of Medicine and Surgery, University of Sto. Tomas; graduated in 1923. He was President, Sanitary Division, Iloilo; President, Sanitary Division, Donsol, Sorsogon; Resident Physician, Sorsogon, Sorsogon. In 1935 he was electea Assemblyman , from the second district of Sorsogon to the first National Assembly of the Commonwealth. CLEMENTE, TOMAS

V. Division Superintendent of Schools of Cebu. He was born in Harrison County, Indiana, on February 1, 1891. He obtained his A. B. from Indiana State Teachers College in 1916, and M. 11.. from Indiana University in 1919. From 1911 to 1919, he served as rural school teacher, elementary and high school principal in various schools of Indiana and division superintendent of schools in Cimarron, New Mexico. Upon his arrival in the Islands in November, 1919, he was assigned to the Bulacan High School as teacher and before he could complete a year there he was promoted to principal of the same school. In 1922, he was promoted to Division Superintendent of Schools for N egros Oriental, then for Ilocos Norte in 1924, for Nueva Ecija in 1926, and for Cebu in 1931. CLINE, CHARLES

158

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES COJUANGOO, JOSE

Assemblyman from the First District of Tarlac, Attorney-at-Iaw and Merchant. He was born in Barasoain, Malolos, on July 3, 1896. He studIed in Centro Escolar de Barones, University of the Philippines, and Escuela de Derecho, now Manila Law College; A. B. in 1915, and LL. B. in 1920. He was Municipal Councilor of Paniqui, Tarlac, 1922; now President, Paniqui Sugar Mills, Inc., and Director, National Rice Growers Association. In 1935 he was elected Assemblyman from Tarlac to the first National Assembly of the Commonwealth. COLLAS, JUAN

Writer and {,oet. He was educated in the Philippines and also in America. Mr. Collas made his way through college. He is the writer of many beautiful short poems and scintillating essays. Sometimes his articles are called prose-poems. At present, Mr. Collas is connected with the Philippines Free Press. CONCEPCION, HERMOGENES

Member of the Tenth Philippine Legislature as Senator from the Third Senatorial District. He was born in Cabanatuan, Nlueva Ecija, on April 19, 1887, the son of Angel Concepcion and Angela Sombillo. He is a Bachelor of Laws graduate in 1915. He was elected member of the House of Representatives for the term, 1922-1925, and reelected in 1928. He was elected Senator from the third Senatorial District in 1934, serving as such when the Senate gave way to the Philippine Assembly in 1935 under the Commonwealth of the Philippines. . CONCEPCION,

M. DE GRACIA

Poet and writer, M. de Gracia Concepcion possesses "a certain haunting melancholy that pervades all this poet's 159

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES singing, a low voiced melancholy in which there is much sweetness," wrote his publishers, "with the words of a Western land, but with the sentiments from the East." Mr. Concepcion was born forty years ago in Santa Maria, Ilocos Sur. He attended the public schools of his home town, then came to America in 1918 and served in the United States Navy. He worked in the Alaskan Fisheries, turned South and studied at the University of California. He earned a livelihood in the "Land of the Brave and the Home of the Free" as dishwasher, postal clerk, and newspaper reporter. While in New York City his book of poems' entitled Azucena found acceptance with G. P. Putnam's Sons and was published 'n 1925. Returning to the Philippines in 1931 he edited a monthly magazine, "Bystander," and published in 1932 another series of poems called "Bamboo Flute," also edited "The Critic" !1nd wrote in collaboration with Mr. Caballero a biography on Quezon in 1935. Always calm and pensive, Mr. Concepcion is an artist in English words, with the deep look in hisl eyes, the mysticism in his verses, having a melody all their own, like Tagore's poems. CONCEPCION, PEDRO

Presiding Judge, Court of Appeals. The Herald wrote thus: "Judge Pedro Concepcion, who has been named the presiding J ud,ge of the new court, rep'r esents the extreme of the list in point of age. He is about 68. He rose through the ranks until he became dean of judges in the Manila courts of first instance. About two years ago he retired from the bench which he had served so well to become dean of the Institute of Law of the Far Eastern Uni. versity. He stayed only for a year at the head of the institution in order' to go into the full practice of law. 160

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES "J udge Concepcion was born of poor parents. His father died when he was a youth and as a result he had to support his mother and study at the same time. He studied law in the University of Sto. Tomas and passed the bar in the year of his graduation. He worked his way as a stenographer. In his prime as a practicing lawyer, he was a partner of the late Francisco Ortigas and the Spanish lawyers Jose Juan Ycaza and Baldomero Hazanas. Later, he practiced independently while he taught in the University of Sto. Tomas. "He began his career in the government as register of deeds. In 1910 he was named auxiliary judge of land registration and worked as such until the dissolution of the registration court. He returned to law practice until he was appointed ju'dge of first instance in Laguna and later in Manila. He served the courts for a long span of 23 years. Leaving a hrilliant record in the lower courts, he has all this while been groomed for the Supreme Court." CONFESOR, TOMAS

Assemblyman from Iloilo. He was once the Director of the Bureau of Commerce and Industry and representative from the third district of Iloilo. He was born in Cabatuan, Iloilo, March 2, 1891. He attended the Spanish Primary School and then transferred to the American public school and completed the intermediate grades in the Cabatuan Elementary School. In 1908 he graduated from the Iloilo High School. Mr. Confesor first began to work as temporary clerk in the Provincial Treasurer's office of Iloilo at twenty pesos a month for two months immediately after his graduation. In the same year, he was' appointed temporary livestock inspector at thirty pesos a month. In June, 1909, he was appointed schoolroom teacher and principal of the primary school of Cabatuan, Iloilo. 161

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES He went to the United States in the summer of 1910, and enrolled in the University of California, College of Commerce and Business Administration, and stayed there for three years. In the fall of 1913, he transferred to the University of Chicago to complete his course in the School of Commerce and Business Administration of that university. He passed the assistant examination of 1914. He returned to the Philippines in 1915 and taught economics in the Iloilo High School for one year. The following year, 1916, he was made supervising teacher of the municipality of Sta. Barbara and Jaro, Iloilo. In 1917, he was appointed instructor in economics in the University of the Philippines. He was made Chief of the Industrial Organization Division of the Bureau of Commerce and Industry in 1920, and later was transferred as chief to the Commercial Intelligence Division. Mr. Confesor was elected representative from the third district of Iloilo in 1922. He ran for re-election twice and was successful. In the House of Representatives he was a member of important committees: appropriation, banks and corporationSJ, public works, public instruction, commerce and industry, franchises, and City of Manila. He was at one time chairman of the Committee on Commerce and Industry, and during his last term he held the presidency of the Committee on the City of Manila. He was father of many important bills and many of them were 路converted into laws. He was appointed Director of the Bureau of Commerce and Industry by the Governor-General on November 26, 1930. He is an eloquent speaker. He was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention and elected assemblyman in 1935. Mr. ConfeS'or worked his way through school when he studied in the United States. He was also editor of an educational magazine and author of fine essays. A life like his i搂 not only interesting, but also inspiring. 162

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES CONSING, TIMOTEO

Governor of Iloilo and Physician. Born on February 22, 1893, in the town of Molo, Iloilo. Studied secondary course in the former Instituto de Molo and medicine in the University of Sto. Tomas where he graduated in 1914. Took the post-graduate course in eye, ear, nose and throat diseases in the University of the Philippines from 1914 to 1915. Elected Councilor of Iloilo for two consecutive terms, from 1922 to 1928. Appointed Provincial Governor of Iloilo on May, 1931, until October 16 of the same year. Elected Provincial Governor of Iloilo on June 5, 1934. V. Assemblyman from Masbate, Businessman and Agriculturist. He was born on July 11, 1883, in San Antonio, Zambales. He finished his secondary course at the Ateneo de Manila. He was General Manager of the Casa Yangco in Manila and many times President of the Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines. In 1928 he won the elections as representative for his province. In 1931 he was reelected, up to the ninth legislature. In 1935 he was again elected Assemblyman from Masbate to the first National Assembly of the present Commonwealth of the Islands. CORPUS, PIO

CORPUS, RAFAEL

Banker, Lawyer, Corporation Executive. As Vice-President and General Manager of the Philippine National Bank, the official depositary of the Philippine Government, Mr. Rafael Corpus had the undivided confidence of the Islands in his management of the state bank. He resigned as manager of the bank in 1935. As one of the best financiers of the Orient, Mr. Corpus said, "If I were to advise young people intending to enter my line, I would say, 'Rely on yourself. College education 163

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES is not very necessary. N ever be a child of circumstance. Make yourself.' Have a vision-goal-then faith!" There is the hint to self-making. Born on October 24, 1880, in San Antonio, Zambales, Mr. Corpus was an A. B. of the Ateneo de Manila at sixteen years, took up law later at the Escuela de Derecho de Manila, in 1903, and entered George Washington University, Washington, D. C., in 1905 to acquire more knowledge and training. Besides he was formerly connected with leading local newspapers. In 1912, Mr. Corpus was a member of the Philippine Assembly. He was the one reSiponsible for the establishment of rural credit associations for aiding small farmers. He was Solicitor-General in 1914, and became Director of Public Lands in that same year, and worked for the speedy grant of titles to land owners. In 1916 he was appointed Under-Secretary of Agrieulture and Natural Resources, resigning three yea s after to assume the management of Don. Teodoro R. Ya:ngco's vast interests. Public service urged Mr. Corpus to leave the Yangco firm. So in 1922 he became the Secretary of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Once he was a director of the Philippine National Bank and later the president of the same from 1923 to 1931. As a business executive he was also the acting' manager of the Philippine Sugar Centrals Agency which controls the largest sugar business in the Islands. He was president of the Binalbagan Estate, trustee of the Philippine Sugar Association, president of the Philippine Iron Mines Co., vice-president of the Young Men's Christian Association, and, president of the Associated Charities. With such a distinguished record of brilliant accomplishments how did Mr. Corpus turn everything into gold? Here is his gem of philosophy, "Whenever I have work, I 164

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES do it to a finish, without considering whether it pays or not." Commenting on his public service, he stated, "I have served the country for about thirty years. My aim in life is to serve, and the government is my biggest field." And as executive of the Philippine National Bank he really did sway a great power in helping the small farmers for the advancement of local agriculture which he believes is "the primary basis of wealth, not only of the small farmers but also of the big ones for the prosperity of the Islands." Don Rafael is a veteran of the Revolution. As a soldier and public servant, he has always done what he thought was right, doing it regardless of cost, to a successful finish, for whatever he touches seems, as it were, to turn into gold-success. COSTA, SrXTO DE LA

Judge of the Court of First Instance, Twenty-Second Judicial District, Cebu. He is 47 years old. Previous to his appointment to the Judiciary, he was Acting Provincial Fiscal of Tayabas in 1913; and later Provincial Fiscal in Nueva Ecija, 1920-1922; and in Batangas, 1922-1928. He received his appointment to the Judiciary as Auxiliary Judge on February 23, 1928. In 1931, he was promoted to his present position. COTTERMAN, CHARLES MASON

Corporation Executive, President of Walk-Over Shoe Store and the Philippine Acetylene Co., of Manila. Born on the 26th day of July, 1866, in Miamisburg, Ohio, U. S. A., son of Benton and (Lena Mayer) Cotterman, he was educated in the public schools of Ohio and N ebraska. He also attended the Gates Preparatory School, Neligh, Nebraska, U. S. A. And that ends all the schooling of Mr. Cotterman, for he has made himself. 165

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES He began life's: business as a chief clerk, Railway Mail Service, Ogden, Utah, 1895-1896, also in Portland, Oregon, in 1897-1898 and in 1899 he was made Assistant Superintendent of the Railway Mail Service, San Francisco, California. It was in 1900 when he became the Director of the Bureau of Posts of the Philippine Islands. He held said office for thirteen years. Having the pioneer spirit of the West in him, Mr. Cotterman decided to do business for himself, without being in the least aware that he would some day be a factor in his new line. And the Walk-Over Shoe Store was opened on the Escolta, and then followed the Philippine Acetylene Co. and the C. M. Cotterman & Co., Inc., of which he is president. Asked why he leads in his business and why he has been able to climb up the laddet of life from postal clerk to corporation president, he answers confidently, "Hard steady work and close application to the things required." So there is! Mr. Cotterman's elixir of continuous but successful struggle! COTTERMAN, LEO K.

Businessman; Manager and Treasurer of the Philippine Acetylene Company. He was born on November 1, 1889, in Albion, Nebraska. He came to the Philippines with his parents, and his father, the elder Cotterman, organized the well known Walk-Over Shoe Store. When the father served as Director of Posts in the Philippine Government from 1900 to 1913, Mr. Leo K. Cotterman was left to take charge of the business. He studied in the Kearney Military Academy (Nebraska), and in the University of Nebraska. Belonging to the younger group of prominent Manila businessmen, he is also Director of the 166

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES American Chamber of Commerce, Bank of the Philippine Islands, C. M. Cotterman and Company, and Philippine Trust and Fidelity and Surety Company. CRAIG, AUSTIN

Writer; Rizalist. Such is Austin Craig, former Rizal Research Professor of History of the University of the Philippines. Born on February 22, 1872, in Edytown, N ew York, son of Austin Craig, D. D., and Adelaide Churchill Craig, he was educated at Cornell, Rochester, and Pacific universities, B.LL., 1894; A.M. 1911; hon. Litt. D., 1929. Professor Craig started his educational career as superintendent of sGhools, Washington County, Oregon, 18951898, and was admitted to the Oregon bar and to practice in the federal courts, 1898-1899, but ever inclined toward education, he forsook law and entered the Philippine Civil Service in 1904, arriving in the Islands later to serve as supervising teacher, division superintendent of schools, principal of the academic department, Philippine School of Arts and Trades, instructor in history, Philippine Normal School and Manila High School, 1909-1912, until he became assistant professor and Rizal research professor and professor of history, University of the Philippines, and University of Manila, 1922-1930. Professor Craig was chairman of the commission for inauguration of the Rizal National Park, Dapitan, Mindanao, in 1911; chairman of the commission on transfer of Dr. Rizal's ashes to Rizal Mausoleum, 1912, and member of the national commission on identification of bones of General Gregorio H. del Pilar, 1930; also member of the Society of Mayflower Descendants; president, Far East Society, Sons of American Revolution; preceptor S. R. Lyceum; V. M., W.M., Scottish Rite Mason, Fellow American Geographical Society, and member of the Authors' League. 167

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES There is Professor Craig's life in a nutshell, the author of "The Lineage, Life and Labors of Jose Rizal," and other things Philippine.

P. Lawyer and Secretary of the Peoples Bank and Trust Company. He was born in Taguig, Rizal, on March 28, 1898, son of Doroteo Cruz and Macaria Pagkalinawan. He attended the elementary school in his home town, the Rizal High School and the Philippine Normal School. He graduated as valedictorian from the Philippine Law School with the degree of Bachelor of Laws, in 1922, and was admitted to the bar in 1924. He was teacher in the Caloocan Intermediate School in his province and for some time examiner in the Bureau of Civil Service. He is now Secretary of the Peoples Bank and Trust Company. In 1934, he was elected Delegate from the first district of Rizal to the Constitutional Convention. CRUZ, CASTOR

CRUZ, FLORENTINO

Cattle Rancher of Bukidnon. Mr. Cruz's life furnishes us with a very inspiring example. Leaving his hometown, he went to the wilderness of Mindanao. He taught in the schools for a while, but later on paddled his own canoe and started his own ranch. Through much patience and industry, he was able to own a big ranch containing 'thousands of heads of big cattle which he sends to the city every year. This sketch illustrates that there is nothing impossible under the sun because where there is a will there is away. CRUZ, HERMENEGILDO

Labor Leader and Vernacular Writer. Former Director of Labor Cruz was born in Manila on December 31, 1880. He first studied in the Escuela de Artes y Oficios, and at the very early age of nine worked as an apprentice 168

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES typographer for the La Independencia. Later he was employed as a proofreader in one of the largest printing plants in Manila, and eventually he became the editor of a local daily El Trabajo. Imbued with the desire to alleviate the working conditions and the pitiful lot of the laborer, he became one of the founders and the first president of the Congreso Obrero de Filipinas. In 1918, he was named librarian of the Philippine Assembly, and in the same year, was appointed Assistant Director of Labor. In 1924 he became Director of Labor. Mr. Cruz has also taken an active partIcipation in such organizations as the Association of Civil Employees and the Philippine Anti-Tuberculosis Society. As a writer in the vernacular (Tagalog), he counts among his popular works Kung Sino ang KU'Yf/;(JJtha fig Florante a.t. Laura, the first critical and biographical study of the immortal Filipinp poet, Francisco Balagtas, and Kartilyamg Makabayan, a question and answer historical catechism, and a biographical study of the Father of the Philippine Revolution and founder of the Katipunan, Andres Bonifacio. CRUZ, JOSE ESPERANZA

Editor, Li'Way'Way, and Tagalog Writer. Son of Francisco Cruz Esteban and Concepcion de Castro. He was born in Baliwag, Bulacan, on August 29, 1896. He studied in the Sta. Cruz Primary School, from 1911 to 1914, the Sampaloc Intermediate School from 1914 to 1917, the Manila High School from 1917 to 1919, and the Far Eastern College, from 1919 to 1920. He took special course in Spanish at the defunct "Nueva Era College" for three years and continued his studies of this language privately at home under a private teacher. Class president from primary to high school, his first poems in Tagalog appeared in Taliba and Ang Demo169

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES

krasia about the year 1909. After about two years, he became permanent contributor to the then popular dailies, Ang BO/Ma and Ang Mithi until 1917, when he became permanent staff member of the latter. In 1919 he transferred to the Taliba newspaper as a reporter. In 1924 he was assistant editor of the weekly, LiwOlflWay, and seven years later, he assumed the position as editor of the same. He is President of Ilaw at Panitik, a vernacular society. His works are Dugong M(J)karna;ndag, Taong Demonio, Paruparong Itim, Katarungan ng Dios, Ang Ganid, Sino and Purmatay?, and Ang Itinapon. His philosophy of life is: "In life, only the present is the reality; the past is a myth, and the future, a dream." A. Lawyer. Mr. Cruz was born on Fehruary 27,1888, son of Pablo Cruz and Barbara Ap0stol. He obtained his elementary and secondary education from the public schools of Bataan and received the degree of Bachelor of Laws from the National University in Washington, D. C., in 1918. Before he studied in the United States, he was principal of the Hermosa Central School in Bataan from 1904 to 1908; collector, inspector, chief clerk, and secretary, successively, in the Teodoro R. Yangco firm. On his return to the Philippines he joined T. R. Y. firm again until 1919. He was professor of law in the Academia de L,eyes and secretary of the Public Service Commission from 1919 to 1921 and from 1923 to 1927, and private commissioner in 1927. He retired in 1933 to engage in private law practice. In 1934 he was elected Delegate from Bataan to the Constitutional Convention. CRUZ, ROMAN

CRUZ, SERVILLANO DE LA

Provincial Governor of Pangasinan. He is the son of Manuel de la Cruz and Julia del Rosario. He was born 170

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in Lingayen, Pangasinan, on April 20, 1890. In 1912, he graduated from the Manila High School and entered the College of Liberal Arts where in 1914 he obtained his A. B. degree. Later, he entered the College of Law, University of the Philippines, and in 1917 passed the bar examinations. Mr. de la Cruz has been practising his profession since 1917. In the general elections of 1925, he was elected representative from the third district of Pangasinan. In 1931, he was elected Provincial Governor. He holds this position to the present. His mission in life is "To serve the people." CRUZ, VICENTE DE LA

Under Secretary, Department of Public Works and Communications. The oldest son of Crisanto de la Cruz and Juana Claridad, he was born on April 5, 1895, in Tacloban, Leyte. From humble beginnings, he managed to work his way through college. He finished his high school in the High School of Tacloban, and then enrolled at the Silliman Institute, where he graduated with the degree of B. A. in 1919. He went to Manila and took up l3i'w at the University of the Philippines, finishing the course as salutatorian. After passing the bar, he returned to Leyte and engaged in the practice of his profession. His political career began in 1925 when he was elected member of the Provincial Board of Leyte. In 1928, he was elected provincial governor of Leyte with an overwhelming majority. He took sides with President Quezon during the H. H. C. controversy, and was re-elected. On January 18, 1935, he was appointed Under Secretary of Public Works and Communications. CUADERNO, MIGUEL

Banker and Lawyer. Such is the happy combination of Mr. Miguel Cuaderno, Assistant General Manager of the Philippine National Bank. 171

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES In the governm~mt, he occupied various positions, such as stenographer in the Executive Bureau and Purchasing Agent of the Bureau of Supply. He was a member of the board of directors of the Philippine National Bank for many years, also of the Bataan Sugar Company and other corporations. Business began to absorb him. He became interested in banking and is now the youngest banking authority in the Islands. Mr. Cuaderno was born on the 12th of December, 1890, in Manila, the son of Protasio Cuaderno and Francisca Pascual. He married Mercedes Martin. He studied in Hongkong, China, at the Philippine Normal School, Manila, and then at the College of Law, National Unive~sity, obtaining his LL.B. and was admitted to the bar in 1919. He was once the president of the Wack Wack Golf and Country Club. He's member of the Philippine Columbian Association, Club Filipino, Tiro al Blanco, and Manila Rotary Club. Mr. Cuaderno, as a lawyer, is the author of "Notes on Civil Procedure." As a business man he is the author of "Purchasing," published in the PhilippiJne MaglLzine, for which he was given an offer by an American publishing company to write a book. As a Purchasing A~ent he was warmly commended by then Governor-General Harrison. In 1934 he was elected Delegate from Bataan to the Constitutional Convention. What prepared Mr. Cuaderno for his present position was his legal training and his efficient handling of the National Bank's legal cases, such as the Philippine Vegetable Oil Co. and other warehouse cases, during the bank's reconstruction period. "Whatever work I do," he said, "I always endeavor to master it ... Naturally whenever there is a call, you'll be 172

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES given a chance." Continuing he said, in his genial, frank way: "Two things I have always followed in life-to be honest and to keep on studying and leading. Above all, when temptations come I always think of my father's good name." CUENCO, MARIANO

Lawyer and Writer. Born in Carmen, Cebu, on January 16, 1888, son of Mariano Cuenco and Remedios Lopez, he was educated in law in the Escuela de Derecho. In 1912 he was Deputy to the Philippine Assembly. From 1916 to 1928 he was Representative from Cebu. However, from 1928 to 1934, he was elected governor of Cebu and in 1934, Delegate to the Constitutional Convention from the fifth district of Cebu. Though a political enemy of Vice-President Osmefia, yet Mr. Cuenco is also distinguished as a literary figure, both in Spanisli and in Bisayan, being the second President of the League of Provincial Governors of the Philippines, and a great KnIght of Columbus. CUENCO, MIGUEL

Assemblyman from the Fifth District of Cebu, and Lawyer. Born on December 15, 1904, in Cebu, he attended the Colegio de San Carlos of Cebu, finished the secondary course, and received the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He went to Manila and pursued the law course at the University of Sto. Tomas. In the University of Georgetown, U. S. A., he took the post graduate course. Later he traveled around the world. In 1931, he became candidate for the 5th district of his province and was elected Representative to the Lower House. He was also president of the provincial governors. In 1935 he was elected Assemblyman to the first National Assembly of the Philippine Commonwealth. 173

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES D. Assemblyman from Agusan and Lawyer. Born in Cabadbaran, Agusan, on October 19, 1892. He studied the primary grades from 1903 to 1906 in Cabadbaran, Agusan; intermediate, from 1906 to 1909; high school from 1909 to 1913 in Liceo de Manila, Manila; took the law course from 1913 to 1916 in the Escuela de Derecho, Manila. He passed the bar examinations and was admitted to practice law in the Supreme Court in 1916. He became Provincial Gover-, nor of Agusan, 1922 to 1931, and was re-elected twice. President of the Liga Popular ~gusefia, he is also president of the Club Paghuisa, member of the Legionarios del Trabajo, La Fraternidad Filipina, and the Red Rovers of the World. In 1934 he waS elected Delegate from the district of Agusan to the Constitutional Convention. In 1935 he was elected As emblyman from Agusan to the First National Assembly of the Commonwealth government of the Philippines. CURATO, ApOLONIO

CURVA, JULIO

Provincial Treasurer of Palawan. Son of Leoncio Curva and J osefa Teoxon. He was educated in Caramoan, Camarines Sur, private and public schools; Goa, Camarines Sur, Intermediate School; 'Camarines Sur provincial school; Manila public school; Philippine Law School, College of Law, National University, completing the law course and obtaining LL. B. degree. He is also a Public Accountant and Certified Public Accountant. He held the positions of Clerk of the Provincial Treasury, municipal teacher, aspirant municipal treasurer, municipal and deputy provincial treasurer, deputy provincial treasurer, assistant teller, Bureau of Internal Revenue, and chief clerk and deputy provincial treasurer. Now he is the provincial treasurer of Palawan. 174

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES C. Business Executive, Vice-President of Marsman & Co., Inc., and former President of the Philippine Trust Co. Mr. George C. Dankwerth is a man of boundless energy and enthusiam, who has risen from bookkeeper and stenographer to banker and executive-to President, Rotary Club. Mr. Dankwerth's career reads like a "from log cabin to White House" story, for he is a self-made man. As a young man, after completing hiS! high school course in three years, in San Francisco in 1914, he engaged immediately in work, beginning as a bookkeeper of the American Type Founders Co. Then he was a stenographer and chief collector of the Western Union Telegraph Co., San Francisco, 1914-1917; and in 1917 he began working for the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, ;first as a mere clerk, until, in 1921, he became an assistant bank examiner. Coming to the Philippines in 1921 for the Bureau of the Treasury, he was in 1922 a bank examiner under B. F. Wright, special bank examiner. He was with the Philippine National Bank as assistant auditor and auditor of the Iloilo branch, 1922-1923. In San Francisco in 1924, Mr. Dankwerth served with the Federal Reserve Bank as bank examiner until he was recalled to the Philippines as auditor of the Philippine National Bank, holding that position until 1928, when he became director and vice-president. Resigning from the Philippine National Bank, he accepted the position as president of the Philippine Trust Company at the age of 33. He is connected with other business organizations. In June, 1936, he joined ~arsman & Co., Inc. Mr. Dankwerth was born on October 23, 1896, in San Francisco, California, son of George E. and Mary (Von Wyl) Dankwerth. DANKWERTH, GEORGE

175

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Such is the interesting life of George C. Dankwerth, a man of enterprising disposition, an executive of high ability, who has for his motto Service and Activity.

P. Director, Bureau of Lands. Son of Tomas Dans and Victoria Adea, he was born in Paete, Laguna, on March 17, 1885. He began his elementary education in the Paete Public School, 1892 to 1897. He entered the Liceo de Manila, 1901 to 1904, where he obtained the degree of "Perito Mercantil." He finished his secondary education from 1904 to 1908 in the Laguna and Manila High schools. He was student surveyor in the Bureau of Lands from 1907 to 1908. Later, he entered George Washington University, Washington, D. C., 1908-1914, where he obtained the degree of B. S. C. E. As a government employee, he started as apprentice surveyor in the Bureau of Lands, from 1907 to 1908. He was appointed draftsman for Federal Service, serving as such with the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, Washington, D. C., from 1908 to 1910. He was topogroaphicaI draftsman with the U. S. General Land Office, Washington, D. C., froln 1910 to 1915, and worked as surveyor and topographer in the States of North Dakota, Montana and New Mexico. Later, he was transferred to .the Insular Service as Surveyor in the Bureau of Lands in 1915 and assigned as Assistant to the Chief Surveyor from 1917 to 1919. He was appointed Assistant Chief Surveyor in 1920. In 1924 he was designated Assistant Director of Lands. During the World War, he served in' the Philippine National Guard and 'Was commissioned 2nd Lieutenant, Field Artillery in 1918. He was Captain of Engineers in 1918. In 1923, he became member of a commission to Japan and Korea to study methods of surveys and land DANS, JOSE

176

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registration in those countries. In May, 1936, he was appointed Director of the Bureau of Lands. His philosophy of life consists in "Honesty and Loyalty." DAVID, PABLO ANGELES

Governor of Pampanga, and Lawyer. Born on August 17, 1889, in Bacolor, Pampanga, and son of Ceferina David and Carlos Angeles, he attended the private school of Don Modesto Joaquin in Bacolor from 1900 to 1901 and completed "Segunda Ensefianza" in Liceo de Manila in 1906. He enrolled afterwards fn the Es'cuela de Derecho, and chose the law course because he wanted to defend the cause of the poor and the oppressed; completed the law course in 1910路 passed the bar examination in August, 1910, at the age of 21 years; and practised his profession in Bacolor, from 1910 to 1914, arid in Manila from 1915 to 1916 and again in Bacolor from 1916 up to this time. Mr. David was appointed Justice of the Peace of the Municipality of Bacolor in 1912; tendered his resignation to Vice-Governor Newton O. Gilbert as a protest against the unjust and rigid enforcement of quarantine regulations by AmHican soldiers; appointed Deputy Provincial Fiscal in 1913, but resigned in 1914. He was chairman, Census Board in Pampanga in 1918; Member, Provincial Board, from 1916 to 1919; elected Representative for the 1st District of Pampanga in 1919; retired to private life from 1922 to 1931, practising his profession as a lawyer; elected provincial Governor of Pampanga for the term 1931-1934. He was re-elected to the same office, June 6, 1934. "To live an honest and modest life, seeking the highest good for myself and my fellow men" is his life philosophy. DAVID, ROMULO M.

Sugar Planter and Life Underwriter. "Keep on advancing. Learn, learn, and think. Life is' a very serious 177

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES matter. It goes only for those who have intelligence and heart. To live is to be among men, and to be among men is to strive." . The above quotation, Rizal's Advice to his Nephew, is what ma~e him a self-made man, socially and commercially. It has, in fact, placed him in the most enviable position which he now enjoys-the most successful Life Underwriter in the Central Luzon provinces. He was born in the year 1889 in San Fernando, Pampanga, son of Cosme David and Juana Miranda. His education simply consists of his desultory study with a private tutor, his brief attendance at the Liceo de Manila and lastly at the San Juan de Letran College, with路路 out even finishing the secondary course. Being poor but farsighted, he soon devoted his time to business. At last after many difficulties, he found himself. His specialty lies in selling life insurance. In 1920 he joined the Insul~.r Life Assurance Co., Ltd. Up to the present time, he is still connected with this company. He has won prizes as a life underwriter. His success in this line is continuous, admirable and steady, a challenge to all who say that they have no chance in life when what they need in truth is concentration only. According to this life insurance specialist-there is always plenty of room at the top! DAVID, SATURNINO

Provincial Treasurer of Laguna. He was born on February 12, 1888, in San Isidro, Nueva Ecija. He received his school training from the public schools of his home province, and in 1908 he passed the junior teacher examination. He taught for four years, from barrio school teacher to supervising teacher. In 1912 he was appointed municipal treasurer and promoted later as paymaster, cashier, and deputy provincial treasurer. In 1917 he quali178

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES fied in the assistant provincial treasurer's examination and also in the first grade, the following year. He was chief clerk and deputy provincial treasurer successively of Nueva Ecija, Tarlac, Leyte, Pampanga, and Pangasinan from 1917 to 1920; appointed city treasurer of Baguio on November 2, 1920, and provincial treasurer of Cavite on May 19, 1921; and later on transferred to Bohol, and then to Laguna. DAVID, TORIBIO

Acting Division Superintendent of Schools of Albay. Son of Pedro David and Alejandra Sinchuangco. He was born in the barrio of Almacen, in the Municipality of Hermosa, Province of Bataan, on April 13, 1887. He studied in the Hermosa C~ntral School, N aga Normal School, Orani Intermediate School, Pangasinan High School, first year, Pampanga High Sc~ool, second year, and graduated from Far Eastern College. He attended summer classes in the Philippine School of Arts and Trades. He began his public life as a classroom teacher for several years, and has been leader of musical organizations in schools. He was principal for six years, supervising teacher for two years, academic supervisor for five years, industrial supervisor for eight years and Acting Division Superintendent at present. He had organized civic societies and school bands. His philosophy of life is: "Simplicity without manifest ostentations in human endeavors is ennobling."

S. Banker and Manager of the Yokohama Specie Bank, Ltd., Manila. Mr. Dazai has been in the Philippines for quite a long time and is a well known figure in Manila business circles. He is president of the Japanese ChamDAZAI,

179

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES ber of Commerce in Manila and member also of the Wack Wack Golf and Country Club. He is a man who does more and talks less. DEE C. CHUAN A Leader in the Chinese Community, Mr. Dee C. Chuan, financier and lumberman, is President of the China Banking Corporation and owner-president of the Dee C. Chuan & Sons, Inc. He was. born in Chuanchiu, Fookien, China. He arrived in tbe Philippines in 1901. His life is a romance in industry. He is president of the N egros-Philippine Lumber Corporation and the Philippine Lumber Manufacturing Co., and one of the founders of the China Banking Corporation. He is a great eXRorter of local lumber. He is also known as a social welfare worker, being director of the Philippine Chinese Educational Association, former president of the Chinese General Chamber of Commerce, honorary president of the Chinese Y. M. C. A., and member of the Wack Wack Golf and Country Club, Oriental Club, and Cosmos Club. As an influence in this community Mr. Dee C. Chuan has contributed much to the harmonious rell}tions between the Chinese and the Filipinos. In all that he has done he has conducted himself as become a Chinese gentleman. DEE HONG LUE President and General Manager of Dee Hong Lue & Co. and Zambales Lumber Co. He was born in Amoy, China, on March 13, 1897. He obtained his education from the St. Joseph's College, a school run by the Christian Brothers, and came to the Philippines in March, 1911. He is member of the Cosmos Club, Oriental Club, Chinese General Chamber of Commerce, Philippine Hardwood Ex180

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES port Association, and Manila Lumber Merchants Association. He is also Vice-President of the Negros Philippine Lumber Corporation and Director of the Philippine Lumber Corporation. A. Judge of the Intermediate Court of Appeals, Legislator, and Past Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of the Philippines. In recognition of his leadership in his profes:sion, Governors General Harrison and Wood appointed him judge of the Court of First Instance but he declined these appointments. Mr. Delgado was born on January 25, 1886, at Bulacan, Bulacan, the son of N emesio Delgado and Manuela Afan. He married Rosario M. Montenegro in 1915 and they hav:e two daugJIters. He studied at the San Juan de Letran and Ateneo de Manila Colleges and also at the Colegio Filipino, a law school. Later he went to the United States and entered the law school of Indiana State University, graduating in 1907, as LL. B.; attended the summer school of law of the University of Chicago, then took post-graduate work at Yale University, obtaining the degree of LL. M., (gradus delatus cum laude), 1908. In America, Mr. Delgado practiced with the law firm of Chambers, Pikins, Morse & Davidson, Indianapolis, having been admitted to the bar in all state courts and the U. S. District Court of Indiana. When he returned to Manila he was admitted to the bar and worked with the Government, as a law Clerk, and then as Chief of the Law Division of the Executive Bureau; but since 1913 he had been in private practice, and his law firm was now known as Camus and Delgado. He was a member of the faculty of the College of Law, University of the Philippines. DELGADO, FRANCISOO

181

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Prominent and active in Freemasonry, he is a member of Bagumbayan Lodge, No.4, F. & A. M., Worshipful Master, 1919-1920, charter and life member of the Masonic Hospital for Crippled Children, one of the organizers of the Masonic Club, and president of the Plaridel Temple Association. He was the Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of the Philippines at forty (1926-1927). As a lawyer, Mr. Delgado became a director of the Phpippine Bar Association. The first Filipino to be made active member of the American Bar Association, he was also dire'c tor of the International Bar Association. In the United States he was a member of the Theta Nu Epselon, and organizer of the Yale Cosmopolitan Club. In 1918, Mr. Delgado served in the Division of the Philippine National Guard and was a member of the National Council of Defense for the Philippines. In June, 1931, Mr. Delgado was elected as the standard bearer of the Nacionalista Party, the representative from the first district of the province of Bulacan. Later oJ! in 1934 he was appointed Resident Commissioner to Washington, D.C., and in 1936 appointed Judge of the Intermediate Court of Appeals. Such a colorful life must doubtlessly be an inspiration to our budding youth. Speaking of the key to his success, he said: "As a student I had this motto-Industry and Concentration." And having followed such a rule Mr. Delgado has certainly "arrived." As the Benjamin of the family, he was intended to be a priest by his mother, but when young Delgado became an orphan and was free to choose his own career he decided to take up law, as a result of his connection as stenographer with Judge Barretto, for he was the first Spanish stenographer in court. 182

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Continuing, he said, pensively, "There is one thing I found to be essential in any undertaking. It is absolute honesty and sincerity toward others and to oneself. "Life has its ups and downs. When one is down he should the more conduct himself as a man, not sink further. Such a state of affairs is only a test. Once you survive it you will be a man, a real man!" DELGADO, JOSE M.

Physician and President of the Junta Archidiocesana de Accion Catolica. He is an alumnus of the Ateneo de Manila and a graduate of the University of Santo Tomas, Doctor of Medicine, magna cum laude. He is a member of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Sto. Tomas and member also of the Board of Medical Examiners and President of the Asociacion de Caballeros del Carmen. He was Delegate to the Constitutional Convention in 19341935. As a reward to his Catholic activities, he was decorated by Padre Sancho "Pro Ecc1esis et Pontifice." He is Editor of Buletin de los Caballeros de Colon and contributor to La Defensa. Dr. Delgado was born in Malolos, Bulacan, on June 20, 1887. Grand Knight of Columbus Dr. Delgado is a zealous crusader, a fine Catholic gentleman. DIAZ, ANACLETO

Associate Justice, Supreme Court of the Philippines, and Lawyer. He was born in Aringay, La Union, in 1878. He studied in the Ateneo de Manila and finished law in the Escuela de Derecho de Manila. He was admitted to the Philippine Bar in April, 1904. Later on he served as interpreter in the Manila Police Department and the Board of Tax Appeals. He was elected to the Second Philippine Assembly for the second district of La Union in 1910. 183

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES He was Provincial Fiscal of Ilocos Sur in September, 1912; First Assistant City Fiscal in Manila in 1914; named City Fiscal in March, 1917; Judge for the Sixth Judicial District. He held other judicial positions until he was appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. Justice Diaz is an able educator and legislator. His career is rich with achievement and his record fruitful of good, for he works while others sleep. DIAZ MOREU DE ELIZALDE, CARMEN

Leading Social Worker of the Spanish Community of and Mother of an impressive family, the famous Elizalde brothers, business executives and polo players of international fame. Niceto Alcala Zamora, former President of the Spanish Republic, had, in recognition of her labors in behalf of the Spanish community \in the Philippines, awarded her the decoration with the cross of Isabel the Catholic, as "a symbol of the high esteem of the Spanish government for altruistic services rendered." A true helpmeet and a constant guide of her husband, Don Joaquin J. Elizalde, former president of the Spanish Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines and a leader of Philippine commerce whose labors in the country have contributed a great deal to the economic development of the Islands, Dona Carmen has through her loving and impressive personality made the Elizalde family, one of successful men and women whose achievements are a talk in the city. Her labor, her work, really confirms what old men say that behind the glorious successes of men is! the guiding, tIie helping influence of a virtuous woman. Her children have all made good. Angel, Joaquin, Jr., Manuel, and Juan M. Elizalde, are all successful business men and leaders, who are partners with their father in the extensive interests of the Ynchausti & Co., Inc., now EliMani~a

184

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES zalde & Co., Inc. Federico is a well-known composer and Carmenchu a leader among Manila's smart set. Possessed with an understanding soul, and endowed with a maternal heart and a charming manner, Dona Carmen has about her that Roman virtue, that spirit to help, to lead and to love. She was for many years secretary of the women's board of directors of the Santiago Hospital. In her campaigns for the hospital she plans everything and supervises everything-to see that all would turn according to her plan. She rises early in the morning and works till late in the ev~ning. Dona Carmen is the daughter of an admiral in the Spanish navy, Don Emilio Diaz Moreu, a member of the Spanish Cortes for life because of his meritorious services. Educated at an exclusive college for women in Madrid, she married at si-xteen Don Joaquin J. Elizalde, who now holds a leading position in the commercial and industrial world of the country. While Dona Carmen devoted her time to building the Hospital de Santiago, Don Joaquin devoted all his time and energy in making the Y nchausti & Co. now Elizalde & Co., Inc., grow, progress and become what it is now a great corporation, one of the largest of its kind in the Philippines. Were there not many who shook their heads, saying that the work of Dona Carmen was impossible? Now her ability has been shown; success crowned her social work. Even the Spanish government voted an annual subsidy for the hospital. As a civic-spirited woman whose self-sacrifice and altruistic labors are a talk of the city, Dona Carmen Diaz Moreu de Elizalde has absolutely not worked in vain. At last her enduring social work for Manila has been fittingly recognized by the Spanish Government at Madrid in decorating her with the cross of Isabel the Catholic, a signal honor given to but few mortals in this world. 185

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES DIAZ, EMILIO ARANETA

Judge of the Court of First Instance, Twenty-Seventh Judicial District, Antique and Palawan. He is 63 years old. Before joining the Judiciary, he was Provincial Fiscal successively in the following provinces: Oriental Negros, 1901-1904; Samar, 1904-1909; Cagayan and Isabela, 1909-1910; Deputy Fiscal in Occidental N egros, 1914; and Provincial Fiscal of Leyte, 1917-1924. On March 24, 1924, he was appointed Auxiliary Judge. He has been District Judge since 1933.

R. MCCULLOCH The Leading Editor of the Philippines is unquestionably Mr. R. McCulloch Dick, founder, editor and publisher of the most powerful paper in the Islands, Philippines Free Press. As one of the American old timers in Manila, Mr. Dick began, so the story runs, as a messenger boy, reporter, editorial writer, and advertising manager. He is silent and modest, but frank and thoughtful, above all far-sighted. He worked with the Times, the Cablenews and the Bulletin. Then came the lucky break-dissatisfaction. He put up his own paper, the Philippines Free Press. And the history of it is long-the long struggles through thick and thin enough to dishearten anyone but a Scotchman who has the pluck to carryon and on. Time came when Editor Dick found hims'e lf in a twostory building of his own on Rizal Avenue. Fortune favored him, for he was' brave and daring-in deeds and in words. He is now the sole owner of Joaquin Reyes & Co., modern photo-engravers. The man always with him is Mr. F. Theo. Rogers, the Business Manager and partner of the paper. Mr. Dick is a great traveler. He has been instrumental in the development of Filipino writers. His editorials are DICK,

186

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES marvelous, forceful, to the point; his travel articles, such as those about Luxor, are admirable. What Bok is to America, Dick is to the Philippines. They call him the Dean of Philippine American Editors. G. Provincial Treasurer of Ilocos Norte. Mr. Dimaano was born in Lipa, Batangas, on December 16, 1882. He entered the Elementary Spanish School in 1891 and the Spanish Normal School in 1897; took the 3rd year collegiate course leading to the degree of A. B. in 1899; private study of Tenedoria de Libros y Contaduria General Mercantil in 1899; International Correspondence Schools of Scranton, Pennsylvania, U. S. A., bookkeeping and business forms in 1914. He is holder of Certificate of Public Accountant. He held the following positions in the government: Clerk with the rank of Sergeant, 1899-1900; Second and first lieutenant of Infantry, 1900-1902; Teacher in a private school, 1902-1903; Secretary and Instructor in Malabanan College of Secondary Course, 1903-1904; Temporary Clerk in the office of the Provincial Treasurer of Tayabas, 1905; Clerk in charge of the Registry of Deeds, 1905-1906; "Correspondence clerk and translator, 19061907; Deputy Treasurer and Property Clerk, 1907-1908; Traveling Deputy and Paymaster, 1909-1912; Notary Public, 1908-1914; Deputy Treasurer and Chief of the Accounting Division, 1913-1916; Acting Chief Clerk and Deputy Treasurer; Chief Administrative and Field Division; Acting Chief Clerk, Administrative Deputy, Acting Chief Clerk and Deputy of the Provincial Treasurer of Nueva Ecija, 1920; Chief Clerk and Deputy of the Office of the Provincial Treasurer of Tayabas, 1920-1921; Acting Provincial Treasurer; Acting Member of the Provincial Board of Tayabas, 1922; Acting Provincial Governor of Tayabas, DIMAANO, EUSEBIO

187

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES 1922; Acting Provincial Treasurer, Chief Clerk and Deputy; Representative of the Insular Treasurer, 1927; Provincial Treasurer of Zambales; Provincial Assessor, 19271934; A.cting Provincial Treasurer of Cavite, 1934; Provincial Treasurer and Provincial Assessor of Zambales, 1934-1935. At present he is the Provincial Treasurer of Ilocos Norte, and the Assessor of the same province. DIMAANO, GREOORl()

Division Superintendent of Schools, Oriental Misamis. Born in Lipa, Batangas, on May 3, 1891, he graduated from the Philippine Normal School, 1911; University of the Philippines, B. A. and H. S. T. C., 1918; Leland Stanford Jr. University, A. B., 1922; and Harvard University, M. A., 1923. From 1911 to 1920, he served as elementary school principal, supervisiNg teacher, high school teacher and academic supervisor in Batangas. On his return to the Philippines in 1923, he was assigned to Camarines Sur as academic supervisor and to Sorsogon in 1926 where he remained until 1930 when he was promoted to division superintendent of schools for Sorsogon. In 1931, he served in Ilocos Sur, Bohol and Zambales. In 1935, he was transferred to Misamis Oriental.

DIN-D, TEODOSl() Governor of Sorsogon. He is educated in the Philippine Law School, the College of Law of the National University, where he obtained his Bachelor of Laws degree in 1923. After passing the bar examinations in 1923, he engaged in the practice of his profession in Sorsogon. In 1934 he entered politics and was elected Governor of Sorsogon. One of the political leaders in his province, Governor Diiio believes that a man who could make two ears 188

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES of corn grow where only one grew before renders lasting service to his country. DIOKNO, RAMON

Lawyer. Born in Taal, Batangas, he learned the first letters in his nativ~ town and continued his studies much later in a private school of Manila and in the Colegio de San Antonio de Padua under Ignacio Villamor. In April, 1905, he was already lawyer admitted by the Supreme Court. While he was still a student, he founded the Asociacion Escolar de Filipinas and was its first president. He also founded Colegio La Ilustracion, and was one of the founders of the Rizal pniversity where he became professor. Mr. Diokno 'worked as editor of La Fraternidad and El Nacionalista; was President of the Union del Trabajo de Filipinas, and honorary president of Union de Marinos de Filipinas. It was due to him that some laws were approved in favor of the laborers, including "Ley de la Fiesta del Trabajo" and "Ley de la Oficina del Trabajo." As a Mason, he was initiated in the Sinukuan Lodge; named to reorganize the Nilad Lodge; was master for two years and one of the principal founders of the Gran Logia Regional de Filipinas, where he held various trusted offices. Later he became councilor for the northern part of Manila in the special elections of August 11, 1908, and secretary-treasurer of the Immediate Independence Committee. In 1910, he was elected Secretary of the Philippine Assembly, and in 1916 he was elected Representative for the first district of Batangas. He was also elected Delegate to the Constitutional Convention in 1934. DIZON, PACIANO

Comptroller of the Manila Railroad Company and Accountant; once the Deputy Insular Auditor of the Philippine Islands. 189

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES He was born in the fertile valley of Porac, Pampanga, at the foot of the Zambales mountains. Young Paciano, after a few years study in the public school of his town, went to Manila and sought a job-any job, for the salary part to him was very insignificant. Meanwhile, he continued his studies at night; and his most valuable education was obtained during spare moments. He is a self-made man who knows how to use his spare hours profitably. On account of his meritorious work, Mr. Dizon gained steady promotion. Ambitious to lead in his work, he labored early and late. The Bureau of Audits became his university, and his coveted degree was his appointment from President Wilson as Deputy Insular Auditor, the first Filipino elevated to such a distinguished and res:ponsible position. "I place honesty above everything else," he often told struggling employees and young people who asked him for guidance. . "Do your duty and all will be well." For he is a man of sterling character. As his life has been devoted to public service, which he loves so much, he is decided "To give my best to the service of my country. .. This is my life's happiness." DIZON, TOMAS

Assemblyman from the First District of Laguna and Lawyer. He was born in San Pablo, Laguna on September 18, 1888. He finished the course of Bachelor of Science and Letters in the College of La Jurisprudencia, and law in E~cuela de Derecho, Bachelor of Laws. He was Councilor of San Pablo, Laguna, for three years, 1919-1922; Representative for the First District of Laguna in 1922, and re-elected in 1925. In 1928 he was elected Provincial 190

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Governor of Laguna, and in 1935, Assemblyman for Laguna to the first National Assembly of the Philippine Commonwealth. DOMINGUEZ, JUAN

Chief, Secret Service of Manila. "The man who has the training and experience," a "worthy official with a persevering and exemplary life." This is the man who twenty-six years ago began as a buck private at P15 a month and who with his grit, courage and perseverancethe elements that make life a success-became a Colonel, and is now Chief of the Secret Service of Manila, the first Filipino to occupy that position. His name is Juan Dominguez. Born on November 17, 1881, he worked as a mailing clerk for Freedom, an old American daily, did reporting, then thought of soldiering, as his father had the soldier's )Jlood in him, and enlisted in the Constabulary in the same year. But a man who has pluck and perseverance always triumphs. Young Dominguez was promoted to corporal, sergeant, and sublieutenant. He saw service in 1901 against the forces of "General" San Miguel in Pasig, on Christmas eve, for which "gallant act of heroism" he was given a distinguished conduct star. In 1904 he was commissioned 3rd lieutenant, and in 1906 he was made second lieutenant, after the fight with Macario Sakay. For this fine work he received a decoration. In 1908 he was elevated to the grade of first lieutenant, made captain five years later, in 1918, and promoted to major in 1921. His insignia of rank changed to the silver oak leaf-lieutenant colonel in 1927 and then came the silver eagle in 1923. And this' was all rough sheer merit-after passing through the grades of experiencefor during this time he served in practically every province in the Islands. But why is he qualified to be Chief of the Secret Service? Because he has occupied the position of chief 191

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES of the detective branch of the Philippine Constabulary, during which period he has written in letters of gold his accomplishments in the crusade against gambling, prostitution and opium smuggling. A retired officer for five years (1927) after rendering efficient service for twenty-six years in the insular police force, as chief of the Constabulary Intelligence Division for seven years, Colonel Dominguez is now back in uniform -"The first Filipino to hold the position of Chief of the Secret Service", commented The Tribune, "the only reason for him to strive for success." Chief Dominguez is a true officer of the law, one to be respected, obeyed and followed, for his is the experience, the courage and the ability of a successful leader, saying "If tnere is a will there is a way." A. Assemblyman from the Second District of Capiz and Lawyer. He ,w as born in Capiz, Capiz, on December 11, 1893. He studied secondary course in the Liceo de Manila from 1905 to 1909, and obtained his degree of Bachelor of Arts from the University of Santo Tomas. In 1909 he entered the College of Law in Manila; became interpreter of the Court of First Instance of N egros Occidental; "j uez de paz auxiliar" of Capiz; judge from 1918 to 1925; provincial fiscal of the same province up to 1927; President of the Asociacion de Credito Agricola de Capiz. He was candidate for representative in 1928. In the ninth legislature, he became President of the Committee on Communications. It was in 1935 when he was elected Assemblyman to the Commonwealth's first National Assembly. DORADO, JOSE

DUCUSIN, DONATO

Provincial Treasurer of Bukidnon. Mr. Ducusin, a self-made man, was born in the town of San Fernando, La 192

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Union, on February 6, 1889; son of Santiago Ducusin and Leonarda Ringor. He completed the primary course and the intermediate course in his home town in 1905 and 1909, respectively, and the second year of the secondary course in the Manila High School in 1910. He enrolled in the third year class in the Philippine Normal School. Meanwhile he passed succeSSfully the second grade civil service examination in 1911 and was appointed clerk in the Bureau of Audits in 1911. Again he took the first grade civil service examination on July 19, 1913, passed it and was later transferred to the Bureau of Agriculture in 1913, and then to the Bureau of Supply in 1914. He secured a transfer to the office of the Provincial Treasurer of Agusan who appointed him Bookkeeper and Deputy Treasurer in 1914. On December 15, 1915, Mr. Ducusin was promoted to the position of Chief Clerk and Deputy of the Provincial Treasurer of Bukidnon. He took the provincial treasurer's examination and passed it in 1916. From the Province of Bukidnon, he was transferred to become Deputy Governor for the Subprovince of Apayao, Mountain Province, in 1918. As Deputy Governor, he was also appointed Ex-Officio Justice of the Peace and Auxiliary Inspector of the 1918 census for the Subprovince of Apayao. From Apayao, he was transferred back to Agusan where he became Provincial Treasurer in 1922, and from Agusan he was promoted to Provincial Treasurer of Lanao, in 1925. Since 1927 he has been Provincial Treasurer of Bukidnon.

DULAY, PEDRO D. Soldier; Lieutenant-Colonel, U. S. Army. He was Inspector-General of the historic Philippine National Guard during 1917 and 1928, commanding the 9th Infantry, P. N. G., during 1918; the first Battalion, 43rd Infantry, Philippine Scouts, during 1920 and 1921 and the 3rd Batta193

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES lion, 57th Infantry, P. S., during part of 1922 and the second Battalion, P. S. He was Senior Officer in charge, Headquarters, 45th Infantry Detachment, P. S. Mr. Dulay entered, after taking his primary education here, the Saint John's School of the Manlius Schools, Manlius, New York, U. S. A., in 1906. In 1910 he graduated and took two years post graduate course in the same school, where ne holds a diploma of graduation. He was born on January 21, 1890, as son of humble parents. Mr. Dulay was commissioned second lieutenant, Philippine Scouts, on February 9, 1912; promoted to first lieutenant on May 5, 1917, and made Captain on August 2, 1918. On account of his efficiency and military record he was commissioned Lieutenant Colonel of Infantry, U. S. Army, from November 20, 1918, to December 19, 1918. As a man of many military activities, some of his miscellaneous occupatIons during service wer~Professor of Military Science and Tactics of the National University, Manila, 1923-1927; Judge Advocate for General CourtsMartial; Educational and Recreational Officer; President and member of Courts-Martial; President and member of Military Boards; Range Offioer; Instructor in garrison and u~it schools in Spanish, Infantry Drill Regulations, Field Service Regulations and Training Methods of Principles of Teaching, Automatic Pistol and Automatic Rifle. He has recently retired from active service. . DUMLAO, SANTIAGO

Division Superintendent of Schools, Romblon. Mr. Dumlao rose from clerk in the Bureau of Posts to Division Superintendent of Schools. He was born in San Narciso, Zambales, on July 25, 1890. He studied in the Zambales High School, Philippine Normal School, Manila High Hchool, and University of the Philippines where he received his B. A. in 1914. 194

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES He served as clerk, Bureau of Posts, high school teacher, elementary school principal and high school principal in various parts of the Philippines between 1909 and 1921 before he became division superintendent of schools for Zambales. In 1922, he was assigned to Antique; in 1925, to Marinduque, and in 1929, to Abra where he remained until 1933 when he was assigned to the General Office, Academic Division, on special detail. He has been in Romblon since August 1, 1933. A. Writer and Social Worker. First woman service lawyer in Texas:. She was so named at the christening in Texas, the land of her birth, by her father, Judge Thomas A. Dwyer, after an old sweetheart in his native land, mad, glad, beautiful little Ireland. The family claim the distinction of being the O'Dwyer's. Her father, a naturalized American citizen, espousing democracy, dropped the distinction. She traveled much in Europe with her family as a child and spent several years in Ireland, in her grandmother's country place, Beachpark, now the property of Mr. Cosgrove, ex-President of the Irish Republic. Her education in Texas was of a private character. Children of the better families in those days did not attend the public schools and tutors and private schools were the result. She entered Federal office, at the age of sixteen, on the sudden death of her father, the first woman in San Antonio, Texas, to do so, and remained there for six years. Her dramatic ability as an amateur and her gift for writing, made her popular and put her on the staff of the Sa;n Antonio Express and the Galveston News, the two largest papers in the State. In 1892, she accepted a position on the National Economist, Washington, D.C., and rose to the position of asDWYER, BESSIE

195

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES sistant editor, within fourteen months. Her specialty was political reporting and interviewing notable men in public life. She resigned to enter the Library of Congress, the first woman on its staff. She remained in this remarkable institution for over ten years, giving herself a law course at the Washington College of Law, graduating with class honors and passing the Bar examination of the District of Columbia, winning her LL. B. She was admitted to the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia in 1903 and left for the Philippines three days later. Her State, Texas, had in the meantime honored her by maKing her Lady Commissioner from Texas to the Chicago Exposition. She resigned, owing to the death of her mother. She wrote for several New York magazines and, to put it in her own words: "Kept the wolf from the door that way, as my family were financially wrecked and I had only a salary." She arrived in the Philippines in 1903, and was appointed by Governor Wm. H. Taft as Law Clerk in the Bureau of Forestry, under Maj. J. P. Ahern, director. She was assigned by the Philippine Commission two years later to the American Circulating Library, where under Mrs. Nelly Young Egbert, and Dr. J. A. Robertson and succeeding Filipino Directors, she served for 14 years, becoming Chief of the Circulating and Reference Divisi~ns. She resigned and returned to the States in 1919, entered the service of the Press Bureau, as a lecturer on the Philippines, throughout the Southern and Western States. In 1925, she returned to the Islands and joined the staff of the Tribune, remaining with it up to the present time. She is now in charge of the Library and Morgue division of that ambitious organization, the TVT Publishing Corporation. Her life of over twenty years in Manila has seen considerable social service. She is a ready speaker and uses 196

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES no notes. Her name appears as a charter member and on the Board of Directors of the Public Welfare Board, American Red Cross, National Federation of Women's Clubs of the Philippines, League of Catholic Women, Woman's Club of Manila, Associated Charities. Miss Dwyer writes simply but strongly. Once she said that the Golden Rule is her rock of refuge. Dy BUNCIO, GUILLERMO Manager and Treasurer of a million-peso corporation, the Dy Buncio & Co., Inc., exporters and importers, at 209 Muelle de Binondo, Manila. He is son of Dy Buncio and Ong Long, prominent in the Chinese community of the city. He began as an ordinary clerk in his father's company. Being a chip off the old block, he soon learned the a-b-c of the business. Then he advanced little by little-slowly but surely. I Meanwhile he continued his studies, as preparation for the big job ahead of him. Mr. Dy Buncio obtained his elementary and high school education from the San Beda College and continued his technical studies at the Jose Rizal College along commercial lines. But his greatest training was in the offices of the Dy Buncio corporation with his able father as his professor. His efficiency was suddenly called into play when he took the place of his brother Carlos who died in 1924. Then he became the treasurer and later rose to the responsible position of General Manager of the company with branches in the provinces. He was born on June 25, 1905, in Fukien, China. He married Amparo Lim Genco of Manila, daughter of the well known merchant Lim Genco. He is also manager and treasurer of Ong Long & Co., incorporated in 1929, dealing in real estate. 197

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Mr. Guillermo Dy Buncio said, "In order that a young man entering into business may succeed in life he must work hard, that is, begin from the bottom. Reward of merit, I am sure, comes later." After a brief, thoughtful pause, he added, "My only advice to others about to start an organization of their own in business, the most honorable profession in the world, is-Honesty and Justice to everybody!" EARNSHAW, TOMAS

Former Mayor of the City of Manila, the Capital of the Philippine Islands; Business man, Leader and Executive; Manager, National Development Company. He was born on the 5th of November, 1867, at the historical town of Cavite, province of Cavite, the son of Daniel Eanrshaw and Gavina Noguera. He received his education at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila, and graduated later as Marine Engineer from the Spanish Navy Yard. Though the scion of a, distinguished and prominent family, he studied as any other boy and worked as any other laborer in his father's shop in 1886 and earned a peseta a day. And so he said, "I love work." In 1893 he was Chief Engineer of the Water Supply, Hull and Boiler Inspector of Manila Harbor, and in 1897 Director-Manager of the machine shops of Boyle & Earnshaw. One of the founders of the firm Manuel Earnshaw & Co., incorporated in 1909, he became manager and first vice-president of that corporation. Formerly Mayor of the greatest city of the Philippines and the most modern in the Far East, Mr. Earnshaw was Vice-President, Director and Marine Plant Manager of the Earnshaw Docks & Honolulu Iron Works; Director of EI 198

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Hogar Filipino, Bank of the Philippine Islands and Director and Vice-President of the Manila Railroad Company; also President of the Metropolitan Water District, Director of the Manila Hotel Co., Vice-President, Finance Committee of the Independence Fund, Honorary President of the Sociedad de Tiro al Blanco, Honorary Vice-President of the Philippine Carnival Association, and ex-member of the Council of Hygiene, and of the Philippine Independence Mission, Washington, D. C. Mayor Earnshaw has traveled much in the United States, Spain, England, France, Italy, Switzerland, Cuba, China, Japan and other European and Oriental countries, for he believes in the cultural power of travel. To the initil;ttive and civic leadership of Mayor Earnshaw the Philippi~es owes the erection of one of the finest theatres in the Orient, the Metropolitan Theatre, an eloquent testimon짜 to l,lis prominence and influence in social, civic, financial and industrial affairs. This enterprise showed his power as an executive, builder and leader. "I can only say this: Be content in your duty. Comply with your obligations promptly and be honest sincerely. This," he said good-naturedly when asked about his recipe of success, "is the way to be happy and gay. If you would succeed, love your work." ELICANO, VICTORIANO

Mining Engineer, Consolidated Mines, Inc. He was born in Masinloc, Zambales, on March 5, 1887. He attended the Ateneo de Manila where he obtained his A. B. degree. He is holder of B. S. degree from the Missouri School of Mines, 1909. He was Surveyor and Building Inspector, Naval Reservation, Olongapo, 1909-1910; Mining Engineer, Fernandez Hermanos, 1911-1912; Assayer, Keystone Mining Co., 1913-1916; Metallurgist, Manila Iron 199

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES and Steel Co., 1920-1921; Chief, Division of Mines, Bureau of Science, 1923; Assistant Director, Bureau of Science, 1924; Professor of Geology, Mapua Institute of Technology, 1931; Delegate to the Fourth Pacific Science Congress, Batavia, Java, 1929. At present he is Charter Member of the National Research Council of the Philip.. pine Islands. Mr. Elicano has also contributed much to our scientific literature. ELIZALDE, ANGEL

Managing Partner of the Elizalde & Co., Inc., one of the largest firms of its kind in the Orient, Mr. Angel Elizalde, son of the illustrious family, Don Joaquin J. Elizalde, ex-President of the Spanish Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines and Dona Carmen Diaz Moreu de Elizalde, recipient of the unique Cross of Isabel the Catholic for distinguished social service, is a man who has become after years of preparation and application one of the young business leaders of today. Born in 1903 in old Barcelona of sunny Spain, the mother of Philippine culture, Don Angel was educated in the best colleges of Spain, United States and England. Equipped with the knowledge of the world and with the experience of his country, Mr. Elizalde naturally became when he returned to the Philippines a man of importance who knew what he knew and could bring to a successful conclusion whatever he desired of good to do. Since his arrival he has been engaged in business and associated with his father and brothers as a managing partner of the Ynchausti & Co., Inc., now Elizalde & Co., Inc., importers and exporters and manufacturers and sugar factors, and director of other allied companies. A crack polo player and a sportsman of various kinds, Mr. Elizalde possesses that sterling prerequisite of life, that 200

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES sound mind in a sound body, the source and foundation of a mentality which alone can tackle and solve business problems of momentous nature. When a scion of an impressive family labors for the real love of working, mark that person, great men say, for he will lead his people to that kind of glory which endures. And the memory of such men will at the end of the journey be a blessing and not a burden. A life like his, dedicated to a noble purpose, is certainly bound to bear fruits, like the biblical sower's good seed, tenfold, nay, a hundredfold! ELIZALDE, JOAQUIN M.

One of the Islands' Captains of Industry is Mr. J oaquin Miguel Elizalde, managing partner of EUzalde & Co., Inc. and former president of the Spanish Chamber of Commerce. The son of J. Elizalde and the famous Carmen Diaz Moreu de Elizalde, Mr. Elizalde was born on August 2, 1896, in the city of Manila. He married Elena von Kauffman and is a member and director of the Manila Polo Club; twice president of Casino Espanol; and president since 1928 of the Spanish Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines. The Elizalde & Co., Inc., formerly the Ynchausti y Cia. is one of the biggest firms of the Philippines, operating in shipping and in the sugar, rope and paint business. Mr. Elizalde's activities are not alone confined to Ynchausti y Cia., for he is member of the board of directors of Central Azucarera de PIlar and Anakan Lumber Co.; and Central Azucarera de la Carlota and Central Azucarera de SaraAjuy. He was president also of the National Development. This member of a distinguished family of Manila, connected with almost every important business in the Archipelago, Mr. Elizalde, was educated in Spain, England and 201

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Switzerland, with one year of service in the Spanish army. On his return to the Islands he immediately took charge of the family's vast interests and the result is now too well known to repeat, for he has become one of the great factors of the Islands' business. It is said that rich men's sons never sueceed. Mr. Elizalde's life is a challenge to that axiom, for he is decidedly a success in all that he has done. As a captain of industry, he is to all intents and purposes, a leader of Philippine progress and prosperity, one who helps build the Islands' economic development, being the head and soul of many a big corporation and a famous institution. ELIZALDE, MANUEL

Businessman Vice-President and Managing partner of the Elizalde & Co., Inc. Director of the La Car Iota Sugar Central, Manila Steamship Company, the Elizalde Rope Factory, the Elizalde Paint and Oil Company, and the Metropolitan Insurance Company, he is also member of the Manila Polo Club, the Casino Espanol, the University Club and the Wack Wack Golf and Country Club; member, the Board of Trustees and the Executive Committee of the Philippine Sugar Association. He was born in Manila on November 23, 1904, son of Don Joaquin J. Elizalde and Dona Carmen Diaz Moreu de Elizalde: He was educated in Spain and in England, completing his studies at Cambridge University. Mr. Elizalde is certainly one of the young business executives of the Philippines, "an enthusiastic sportsman and an internationally famous poloist." E. Business Executive and General Insurance Agent in the Philippine Islands for various foreign companies in all ELSER, EDWIN

202

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES kinds of insurance; pioneer in the insurance business in the Islands. Mr. Elser was born on February 21, 1867, in Hartford, Connecticut, U. S. A., the son of F. and Maria Louise (Tschumi) Elser. In 1891 he married Ida May Brown and in 1920 Paula Hicks. He has been Past Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of the Philippine Islands and President of the Masonic Temple Association, and Past Exalted Ruler, Elks. He is also a well known clubman. Mr. Elser obtained his education in Connecticut and California, both from public and private schools. In Manila he arrived in 1902 and became associated with the McCullough Printing Co. He entered the insurance business on his own account four years later and represented leading American, Canadian and B,ritish insurance firms. Aside from his insurance activities Mr. Elser is also the president and general manager of the E. E. Elser corporation and president of the Manila Building ,& Loan Association, and director besides of various organizations. Coming in contact with Mr. Elser is coming in contact with a man of sunny good nature. He is the symbol of optimism. "Lives of great men," he said, "should guide us to achievement." ENAGE, FRANCISCO

Assemblyman from the Fourth District of Leyte. He was born in Tacloban, Leyte, on October 4, 1878. His parents are Emeterio Enage and Cleofe Abella. He is a lawyer. As a lieutenant in the Philippine Revolutionary Army, he was wounded in the chest hy an American bullet during one of the battles. He held the positions of Municipal Councilor of Tacloban, Governor of Leyte, Representative of the Fourth District of Leyte, Provincial Fis203

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES cal of Iloilo, Executive Secretary, Senator of the Ninth Senatorial District and twice President Pro-tempore. In 1935 he was elected Assemblyman from the fourth district of Leyte to the first National Assembly of the Commonwealth. Mr. Enage was also Judge of the Court of First Instance, Floor Leader of the Philippine Assembly, and Technical Adviser to the President of the Philippine Commonwealth. ENCARNACION, NICOLAS

Provincial Treasurer of N egros Occidental. He was born in Vigan, Ilocos Sur, on November 11, 1885, and the son of Fulgencio Encarnacion and Eusebia Feraren. He completed the elementary course in the private school conducted by Agapito Jimenez in Bangued, Abra, in 1897, and the secondary course in the Ilocano Institute in Vigan, his home town, in 1903. He passed the Second Grade Spanish, Second Grade English, and Assistant Provincial Treasurer examinations in 1905, 1909, and 1912, respectively. He hold the following positions in the government service: Interpreter, 1904-1905, and Clerk, 1905-1906, Provincial Board, Vigan, Ilocos Sur; Clerk, 1906-1908, Chief Clerk, 1908-1909, Chief Clerk and Deputy, 1909-1911, and Chief Clerk, 1911-1913, Provincial Treasury, Vigan, Ilocos Sur; Acting Provincial Treasurer, 1912, Vigan, Ilocos路 Sur; Deputy Provincial Treasurer, 1913-1914, Cebu, Cebu; Chief Clerk, 1914-1916, Provincial Treasury, Cebu, Cebu; Provincial Treasurer, Antique, 1916-1917; Provincial Secretary-Treasurer, 1917-1924, Mountain Province; Provincial Treasurer and Ex-officio Provincial Assessor, 1924-1933, Antique; and i'rovincial Treasurer and Ex-officio Provincial Assessor, 1933-1935, Samar. At;resent he is the Provincial Treasurer of N egros Occidental. His guiding aim in life is "To do right is a duty, at the same time a pleasure." 204

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES ENCARNACION, PEDRO

Provincial Treasurer and Assessor of Misamis Occidental. He was born in San Isidro, Nueva Ecija, on April 13, 1889. He completed the elementary course in 1909 in San Isidro Elementary School; secondary course in Wright Institute; general course in San Isidro, Nueva Ecija, in 1913. He is holder of Public Accountant Certificate. He studied Spanish for two years, 1910 to 1911. He passed the First Grade, English, and Assistant Provincial Treasurer Civil Service examinations. He was temporary clerk of Nueva Ecija, 1911; Correspondence Clerk, 1913-1914; Traveling Deputy in the same office in 1916; Deputy-Paymaster, 1916-1917; Clerk-Bookkeeper, 1917-1918; Administrative Deputy, 1918-1919; Chief Clerk of the Office of the Provincial Treasurer of Ilocos Norte, 1919-1920; Nueva Ecija, 1920-1921; Pangasinan, 1921-1933; Acting Provincial Treasurer of Pangasinan, 1926-1932. Later on he was promoted to Provincial Treasurer and Assessor of Camarines Norte from 1933 to 1934 and Provincial Treasurer and Assessor of Surigao from 1934 to 1935. ENDENCIA, P A:STOR M.

Judge of the Court of First Instance of Batangas. He is 46 years old. Before his appointment to the Judiciary, he has been Provincial Fiscal of Camarines Sur from 1921 to 1924, and Provincial Fiscal of Pangasinan from 1924 to 1929. On March 1, 1929, he was appointed Auxiliary Judge, and in 1933, promoted to District Judge, of the Court of First Instance, Fifth Judicial District, Pangasinan. In June, 1936, he was transferred to the Court of First Instance of Batangas. ENRIQUEZ, MIGUEL

Chief of the Piers and Inspectors Division of the Bureau of Customs. He was born in Guagua, Pampanga, on 205

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES May 8, 1891, son of Gorgonio Enriquez and Estefania Lozano. He obtained his A. A., 1923, A. B. A., 1925, B. B. A., 1927, from the University of Manila; C. P. A., 1927, Philippine Board of Accountancy; and LL. B., 1930, University of Manila. From humble messenger to chief of the Piers and Inspectors Division of the Bureau of Customs is the romance of Mr. Enriquez's career. He is a member of the Grand Lodge, F. and A. M.; Philippine Institute of Certified Public Accountants; the Filipino Reserve Officers Association of the United States Army in the Philippines; Philippine National Guard Association; one of the founders and member of the Government Employees Savings and Loan Association; and one of the founders and first president of the Guagua Var itarians. Intelligent and industrious, Mr. Enriquez represents the silent man who believes and vractices "Right is might." With Truth he lives and will die, for it is, he sincerely believes, the power which rules the world. B. DE President and General Manager of the firm which bears his name, Manager of the Erquiaga, Ansotegui y Cia. He was born in Elanchove, Vizcaya, Spain, on April 24, 1895. He first came to the Philippines on October 20, 1912, and immediately engaged himself in the import and export of agricultural products, such as hemp and copra. He is member of the Casino Espafiol. ERQUIAGA,

J ESCODA, JOSEFA LLANES

Social Welfare Worker. She was born on September 24, 1900, in Dingras, Ilocos Norte, daughter of Gabriel Llanes and Mercedes Madamba Llanes. She graduated from the Philippine Normal School in 1918, and was as206

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES signed to teach in one of the public schools in the City. While teaching, she was also attending evening classes at the University of the Philippines where she obtained her High School Teacher's Certificate in 1922. She was sent as felldw to New York where she took up social welfare work, and in 1925, graduated from the Columbia University with the degree of M. A. She is director, Young Women's Christian Association. ESPIRITU, JOSE A.

Dean, College of Law, University of the Philippines. The son of Luis Espiritu and Tiburcia Arnedo, Dean Espiritu was born in Apalit, Pampanga, on April 10, 1886. He entered the Elementary Spanish School of Apalit, and took special English classes. He is a graduate from the New Jersey Normal School. Later, he attended the Cornell University. ' He obtained his LL. B. degree from the College of Law, University of the Philippines. He began his public life as a barrio school teacher from 1901 to 1903. From 1903 to 1907, he was a pensionado to the United States. From. 1907 to 1908 he was Principal of Lubao (Pampanga) Intermediate School, and from 1908 to 1910, Supervising Teacher. He was Model and Critic Teacher of the Philippine Normal School from 1910 to 1912. From 1913 to 1935 he held the various offices of Temporary Instructor, Instructor, Assistant, Associate, and full Professor, and in 1935 he was made Dean and Professor of the College of Law, University of the Philippines. From 1918 to 1935 he has been a practising attorney-at-law. Author of Annotated Code of Commerce. His philosophy of life is: "Honesty is the best policy. Never do unto others what you would not have them do unto you." 207

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES ESPIRITU, SANTIAGO

Provincial Governor of !locos Norte. He was born in the municipality of Dingras on July 25, 1880. He began his studies in Laoag, capital of !locos Norte, at the age of 14. In the primary school, he received instruction from Mr. Emeterio Antonio, and in the secondary school from the late Pancracio Adiarte. Then he went to Manila and completed the third year course in the San Juan de Letran College. In the Philippine Revolution he was a soldier in 1899, and was appointed to the rank of 2nd Lieutenant of Infantry under the command of Brigadier-General Manuel Tinio. Just after the organization of the Civil Government under the American sovereignty in 1901, he held many times the office of councilor, and was municipal secretary, in the municipality of Banna. He was attorney-at-law (Procurador Judicial) in 1906. He was a councilor, and then, municipal president of Batac from 1909 to 1912. He was a councilor for the municipality of Laoag from 1922 to 1928; elected member of the Provincial Board for the term of 1928-1931, and reelected to the same office for 1931-1934. He was elected to the office of Provincial Governor for the period of 1934-1937. A. Composer, Pianist, and Conductor. Born in Escolta, Manila, in 1870. He has composed more than a hundred sets of waltzes, besides ljymns, polkas, military marches, and several zarzuelas, which include an operetta in one act, a symphony, a symphonic poem, short pieces for string quartet, quintet or sextet, and many others. Veni, Vidi, Vici, an opera in one act; Filipinas, a symphony; Ultimw ESTELLA, JOSE

208

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES

Adios de Rizal, an ode; Sangla ni Rita, Ang Opera ltaliana, Filipinas par(]J los Filipinos, and La Venta de Filipinas al Japon, all zarzuelas. F. Assemblyman from Romblon. He was born in Banton, Romblon, on March 18, 1898, the son of Maximo Fabella and Rafaela Fabrero. He attended the Banton Primary School, Romblon Intermediate School, Manila High School, University of the Philippines, and the National Law College. He received his A.B., H.T.C., B.S.E., and M.A. degrees from the University of the Philippines, and his B.LL. degree from the National Law College. He taught in the Romblon High Scnool, Tayabas High School, and later was instructor in the University of the Philippines for eleven years. He was editor of "Bagong Iwag," author of several plays, an,d translator of some of Shakespeare's plays into the vernacular; president of the Board of Trustees of the Columbian Institute, Professor in the Manila Law College, University of Manila, and Police and Detective Academy. In 1935, he was elected member from Romblon to the National Assembly of the Commonwealth of the Philippines. FABELLA, GABRIEL

FABELLA, JOSE

Physician and Philippine Public Welfare Commissioner, a leading social welfare worker. Born on October 26, 1888, at Pagsanjan, Laguna, Dr. Fabella is the son of Juan Fabella and Damiana Fernandez. In 1916 he married Esperanza Barcelo at Jaro, Iloilo. The humanitarian work along the lines of social service and juvenile delinquency of Dr. Fabella cannot be duly estimated, for it extends everywhere. It was through him that social service became a profession in the Islands. He was responsible for the building and development, in 1924, 209

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES of Welfareville, the children's village, famous in the East and the West. Dr. Fabella studied at the Ateneo de Manila, and attended the Philippine Normal School, preparatory to his medical course. He obtained his M. D. degree from the Rush Medical College, University of Chicago, in 1912. He took postgraduate courses on children's diseases at the Charite Krankenhaus, Berlin, Germany, two years later, and at the New York Post Graduate Medical School in 1920. He was a resident physician at the Milwaukee Children's Free Hospital, Wis., U. S.A., in 1912-1913, where he gained experience and insight into social service work. Returning to the Islands in 1914, he was secretary of the Philippine Islands Anti-Tuberculosis Society until 1916 ; also secretary of the ~ubHc Welfare Board. Dr. Fabella is a member of the Board of Pardons, the Philippine Board of Censorship for Moving Pictures, and the Tuberculosis Commission, by the Governor General's appointment; also member of the Board of Directors of the Philippine Anti-Tuberculosis Society, Philippine Anti-Leprosy Society, Associated Charities and Gota de Leche. He was a delegate to the second Oriental Conference of the League of Red Cross having offices at Paris, in 1926, in Tokyo; also to the Seventh Congress of Tropical Medicine at Calcutta, India, in 1927, and to the International Tuberculosis Commission in 1930 at Oslo, Norway. Social welfare service has been the dominating note in this remarkable man's life. Always cheerful, always genial, Dr. Fabella seems, as it were, to be an inexhaustible source! of sunshine, shedding optimism and joy and comfort everywhere he goes and wherever he is. To ameliorate the ills from which humanity is suffeting has been the deciding point in the fruitful life of the 210

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Philippines' Public Welfare Commissioner. It is in this branch of human service where his heart and soul belong. Equipped with the knowledge, the training, and the experience of life, Dr. Fabella's fine work has been and is always the admiration of his countrymen and foreigners who visit this side of the globe. Such is the reason for his becomillg an international figure in humanitarian service, the first and only Filipino to hold with pride and distinction the position of Public Welfare Commissioner. While there is breath there IS hope. A man is the master of his own destiny. What we need, as Dr. Fabella said, is to look at the brighter side of life . . . "Art thou a mourner? Rise from they spell. Art thou a sinner? Sins may be forgiven. Each morning gives thee wings to flee from hell, Each night a star to guide thy feet to heaven."

F ABELLA, VICENTE

Dean, Jose Rizal College, and Certified Public Accountant. Mr. Fabella is a product of our public schools. At present he is Dean and Instructor of the College of which he was founder and organizer. He is also instructor in the Philippine Institute of Public Accountants, and one of the directors of the Chamber of Commerce of the Philippine Islands. Mr. Fabella is the first Filipino Certified Public Accountant to practice in the City. Because of his activity and foresight, his college has become successful and popular all over the Islands. C. Editor, Grapldc. Son of Epifanio Fabian and Macaria Caralde, he was born in Quingua, Bulacan, on August 15, 1901. He studied in the Quingua Elementary School, 1914; Tondo Intermediate School, 1917; Manila FABIAN, AGUSTIN

211

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES High School, 1921; and University of Illinois, U. S. A., 1926; B. S. in Industrial Administration (Machine Industries), and B. S. in Banking and Finance. He has been accountant in the Student's Bank, Central Luzon Agricultural School; Instructor in algebra in the Mapa High School, and Editor of the Graphic since 1929. His philosophy of life is the following: "It is not so much doing well what you like to do but doing well what you have to do that seems to count most in life." FAIRCHILD, GEORGE

Business Executive, Sugar Factor, and Leader in the Sugar Central and Centrifugal System in the Philippines. He was born on September 18, 1869, in East Highgate, Vermont, U. S. A., son of George Edwin and Emily L. (Day) Fairchild, descendant of an illustrious family. For more than twenty years Mr. Fairchild was a leading factor in the sugar industry. He was educated at the Western Reserve Academy, Hudson, Ohio, 1888. Then he went to Hawaii for the sugar business. He was in 1895 vice-president and manager of the Makee Sugar Co., one of the first sugar plantations and then the largest in Hawaii. He was a member of the Hawaiian Senate. In 1912 he came to the Philippines and began his work in the sugar field, establishing the WelchFairchild, Ltd., agent for the San Carlos Milling Co., the first modern sugar central in Negros. In 1912 he was the president of the Mindoro Sugar Co., and in 1921 his firm was agent of the Hawaiian-Philippine Co. He was the first president of the Isabâ&#x201A;Źla Sugar Co., and the organizer of tne Ma-ao Sugar Central Co., Inc., in 1919, and its first vice-president. He was also secretary-treasurer of the Philippine Sugar Association from the beginning. 212

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Mr. Fairchild is prominent both in Philippine social and civic life. He is a man of unbounded energy,-frank, pensive, always after the big things in business as well as in life. His opinions, always his own, may perhaps evoke discussion, but in the end, make others think for themselves, for Mr. Fairchild, who is widely known, is broad-minded and sincere, a man of great achievement. FAJARDO, JACOBO

Director, Bureau of Health, and Physician.路 "Why I became a doctor? . . . Successful! . . . Perhaps-because in our family there were already many lawyers and becau~e my parents advised me to be a doctor. And there I am. I broke the family chain of lawyers and became a doctor!' Dr. Jacobo Fa 路ardo, the successful physician, is and has been Director of the Philippine Health Service for many years,-one of the most distinguished leaders in public health service, known internationally by the scientific world. Dr. Fajardo was born on July 25, 1876, at Bacolor, Pampanga, the son of Justino Fajardo and Andrea Punu. He married Antonia Jacinto in 1900. His children are now all doing splendid work along various lines. He studied at San Juan de Letran College, received his A.B. in 1891, entered the 路U niversity of Santo Tomas later and obtained his M.D. in 1906. Dr. Fajardo, a Veterano de la Revoluci6n, was a Major and Aide-de-Camp to General Emilio Aguinaldo. As a revolutionario Dr. Fajardo was imprisoned in the same building where he is now making his name known as a man of science. He worked with the Bureau of Health in Arayat, Pampanga, 1902-1909, serving as President of the Municipal 213

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Board of Public Health. In 1909 he was elected deputy to the Philippine Assembly. Returning to his profession afterwards, he was district health officer in Oriental N egros and Pangasinan, 1912-1914; chief health officer in Mindanao, 1914-1921, and chief of the division of Provincial Sanitation till 1924. Dr. Fajardo became Director of the Bureau of Health in 1924. He was Philippine delegate to the annual convention of American Public Health Association, held in Minneapolis, and to the convention of the Southern Islands Medical Ass ociation at Miami, Florida, in 1929. His life is full of activities. "Why did I leave politics? . . . It is a long story," he said with sadness in his voice. "When I had gone through with it, I,found myself very poor, and so I returned to my profession. But medical men-take the case of Dr. de Jesus, for example-never get rich." "After graduation I practised because I had to help my parents. Politics almost made me a pauper. Then I stood up again and worked with more ardor than ever. How did I do it? . . . I used my head. I struggled always, never giving up, with eyes focused upon the future, remembering, of course, to be honest in all my dealings !" And as a result of that long struggle, he now owns a very large coconut plantation and a vast cattle ranch in Mindanao. He was the originator of the Fajardo Bill regarding health organization and administration in the municipalities and provinces of the Islands. A rare distinction which Dr. Fajardo received recently was his being a guest of the Rockefeller Foundation, traveling through the United States and Europe and studying public health problems, clinics, and hospital administration and organization. 214

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES FARRALES, BERNARDO

Provincial Governor of Zambales, and Lawyer. He was born in San Narciso, Zambales, on March 12, 1895. He obtained his elementary education from Intramuros Primary School and Tondo Intermediate School, Manila, and graduated from the Manila High School in 1916. He was conferred the degree of Bachelor of Arts, College of Liberal Arts, in 1918, University of the Philippines; Bachelor of Laws, College of Law, University of the Philippines, in 1923, and admitted the same year by the Supreme Court to practice as Attorney and Counselor-at-law. He has been a clerk in the Department of Agriculture and N atural Resources from 1919 to 1923. He was appointed Justice of the Peace of Cahangan, Zambales, and served in this capacity for a period of ten years from March 24, 1924, to February 1, 1934. He was elected Provincial Governor of Zambales on June 5, 1934.

P. Assemblyman from the Second District of Pampanga, Attorney-at-law and Agriculturist. He was born in Sta. Ana, Pampanga, on January 20, 1898. He attended the school of Don Modesto Joaquin of Bacolor, Pampanga, up to the 6th grade, and Liceo de Manila, graduating in Commerce in 1915 and in Arts in 1916. He studied at the Escuela de Derecho in 1916, graduating as Bachelor of Laws in March, 1920. He was Representative during the 10th Legislature. In 1935 he was elected Assemblyman to the Commonwealth's first National Assembly. FAUSTO, JOSE

FA YPON, PERFECTO

Municipal President of Vigan, Ilocos Sur. His ability to administer the town government has won the admiration of a former Governor-General. He was born in Vi215

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES gan, Ilocos Sur, on April 18, 1897. He obtained his education from the Vigan Elementary School, and the Vigan High School. He taught in the Vigan Normal Training Department, and was promoted to become principal teacher of the Mindoro Elementary, the San Vicente, and the Bantay Elementary schools. Believing that he could be of better service to the community by running for an elective position in the municipal government, he resigned from the Bureau of Education and victoriously ran for the presidency in 1931. He was reelected in 1934. During his term as a town executive, he was able to have streets asphalted, to construct barrio roads, a fire station, re-vitalize the town police force, and do many other things which made Vigan one of the most progressive municipalities north of the Metropolis. FELICIANO, JOSE M.

Geologist. Mr Feliciano was born in San Fernando, Pampanga, on October 22, 1887. He attended the University of the Philippines, G. Phar., 1916; A. B., B. S., 1917; M. S., 1921, in the University of the Philippines; and Pharo D., 1921, University of Santo Tomas. He also attended the University of Chicago where he obtained his Ph. D. degree in 1923. Dr. Feliciano was instructor in Chemistry in the University of the Philippines, 1916-1921; assistant professor and acting head, Geology Department, University of the Philippines, 1924-1926; Associate Professor and Head, Geology Department, 1928-1930; Head, Department of Geology and Geography, University of the Philippines, 1930. He was Official Delegate of the Philippine Government and the University of the Philippines to the Third Pan Pacific Science Congress, Tokyo, 1926; Member, Philippine Pharmaceutical Association; Sigma Xi; Fellow, American Association for the Advancement 216

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES of Science; Kappa Ipsilon Pi; Philippine Scientific Society; Sigma Pi Sigma; American Geographical Society; charter member, National Research Council of the Philippine Islands; associate member, Second Congress for Prehistoric Research in the Far East; University of the Philippines Fellow to Chicago and Leland Stanford Jr. University, 1921-1924. He has also contributed to our scientific literature. FELIPE, JULIAN

Filipino composer of the famous music of the PhiliJplippine National Hymn with words by the late poet, Jose Palma. A native of Cavite, he also composed other minor musical compositions and took active part in the Revolution. FELIX, ALFONSO

Judge of the Court of First Instance, Pangasinan. Mr. Felix became Fiscal of the City of Manila through sheer merit of patient work and persistent study, rising from stenographer to one of the most important offices of the Government to which an employee could aspire. Mr. Felix was born in Manila, on September 17, 1888; he is the son of Damaso Felix and Leonor Gil. He was educated at the Ateneo de Manila where he obtained in 1904 his B.A. and S. degree. He pursued his studies in law under Mr. Felipe Buencamino, Sr. and in 1915 he passed the bar examinations. Mr. Felix began to earn his daily bread as an employee at the Fiscal's office in 1910; then, as stenographer, and later, as the Chief Clerk of that office, until, in 1919, he became an assistant fiscal. After ten years of faithful and efficient service, Mr. Felix was in 1929 promoted to City Fiscal. This promotion 217

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES represents the realization of what he has practised as an employee-Stick-to-it-iveness. Mr. Felix has been a professor in Criminal law and is the author of Notes on Criminal Law and Private International Law. He is a member of the Philippine Columbian Association, Filipino Club and Knights of Columbus. Because he wanted to utilize his spare hours after office duties and because he wanted to nave a career in which he could make good and because he stuck to his purpose, Mr. Felix has unquestionably become a living example of a man becoming as he dreams to be-by sticking to his work with bull-dog tenacity and being the master of his own destiny. And a!l because he wanted "To act always in such a way," to quote his 'pwn words, "that I should never have to be ashamed of myself." FELIX, JOSE

Business Executive, Manager of the Monte de Piedad Savings Bank. Son of Jose Felix and Maria Roca, Mr. Felix was born in the Cit-y of Manila. Once Cashier of the Philippine National Bank, Mr. Jose Felix rose from a position of mere clerk to one of trust and responsibility. He studied at San Juan de Letran and Ateneo de Manila as a bookkeeper, and later in Hongkong in 1903 at St. Joseph's College in order to learn English. He married Elisa Camara and then life really began lor him. Mr . .Felix worked as a bookkeeper and an all-around office man in Zamboanga, until, in 1916, he joined the Philippine National Bank as a paying teller. 218

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES After real self-study and application to his duty, Mr. Felix was soon promoted to Cashier in 1918 of the Philippine National Bank branch at Iloilo, Iloilo. Later he was designated manager of the Lucena, Legaspi, Cebu and Bacolod hranches of the Bank, and in 1931 he was made Cashier of the home orfice of the Bank in Manila, when Mr. S. Mercado resigned. Mr. Felix's exceptional ability was recognized when the post of Cashier was left vacant and the question was, "Who is the man?" Then the Board of Directors said: "Mr. Felix is the man!" Later on he left the Philippine N ational Bank and became manager of the Monte de Piedad up to the present. Quiet, courteous, and faithful, Mr. Felix is a hard worker, the example of a man of responsibility. "To what is your present po ition due?" Without any he itation whaitever, he replied promptly, "Integrity and Honesty."

H. Dean, College of Liberal Arts, University of the Philippines, and Historian. Son of Esteban Fernandez and Bonifacia Caballero, he was born in Pagsanjan, Laguna, on March 13, 1889. He is a graduate of the Manila High School, 1909; Ph. B., 1912, and M. A., 1913, University of Chicago, Ill.; graduate student, Yale University, 1923; Ph. D., Columbia University in the City of New York. Dr. Fernandez was formerly head professor of History, and Registrar of the University, and Philippine Delegate to the Institute of Pacific Relations in 1933. He is the author of A Brief History of the Philippines, The Philipvine Republic, Philippine History Stories. At present, he is the editor of The Philippine Social Science Review, Dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Chairman of the Committee on Graduate Studies, University of the Philippines. FERNANDEZ, LEANDRO

219

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES J. Shipping Executive, and Proprietor. One of the real business men in the Philippines. Born in San Miguel, Manila, in 1878, Mr. Fernandez was educated in the Ateneo de Manila and then in London, England, where he studied electrical engineering. When he returned to Manila he engaged at once in business. Many times Mr. Fernandez refused public offices. But when in 1920 he was appointed as Mayor of Manila by the late Governor-General Wood, he accepted, believing sincerely that he could serve his country best by administering the city's affairs in a business-like manner. His personal record is one of brilliant and efficient private and public service. Again called by his patriotic duty, as a result of his work as mayor, he was elected Senator for the Fourth District in the special elections of 1923. He is General Manager of the Fernandez Hermanos, director of Compania Maritima, EI Hogar Filipino, Manila Compania de Seguros, Philippine Engineering Co., and San Miguel Brewery. He was also president of the Philippine Chamber of Commerce. Mr. Fernandez is both a business man and a political leader. As a business man he possesses that rugged honesty and integrity of character which command respect in every quarter. Democratic and courteous, Don Ramon, as a public man, has rendered valuable service to his country. He is a traveler, having gone abroad various times, for he knows that travel makes a man a citizen of the world. And he says that all he has accomplished, "lowe to hard work and straight thinking." FERNANDEZ, RAMON

220

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES T. Businessman and Consul of Costa Rica for the Philippine Islands. Mr. Fernandez is a business leader, having been President of the Chamber of Commerce of the Philippine Islands, and President of the Congreso Agricola de Filipinas and of the Mary Chiles Hospital. There are certainly few men like Mr. Fernandez who, besides being a successful merchant and a successful manager of different corporations, is also the successful editor of "Commerce," the official organ of the Philippine Chamber of Commerce, and the youngest representative in the Philippine Legislature in 1916. The owner and manager of the firm Vicente T. Fernandez & Co., importers and exporters, the S. O. de Fernandez Building, and a PJlilippine Cooperative association, Mr. Fernandez has been active in business ever since he was young. Mr. Fernandez was born on June 26, 1887, in Alcala, Cagayan de Luzon, Philippine Islands. He attended San Juan de Letran where he received his A.B. and Escuela de Derecho de Manila where he received his LL.B. and LL.M. Besides his varied personal activities, he was director of the Chamber of Commerce of the Philippine and Sociedad de Tiro al Blanco, Manila Steamship Co., Ynchausti Steamship Co., and Fomento N acional; as well as member of the Tobacco Board in accordance with Act 3179, Junta de Apelaciones de Manila; and ex-president of the Comite de la Compensacion Obrera and La Liga Anti-Tuberculosa de Filipinas, and other institutions. He grew in the bazar of his father in the province. Aside from his commercial education, he learned much also FERNANDEZ, VICENTE

221

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES about agriculture because his family has land properties in the provinces. This is indeed the age of specialization. To be great is to concentrate. He must know himself. He must possess will power. "Everything in this world depends upon the Will . . . For the World is as Will and Idea," opined the German Philosopher Schopenhauer. Mr. Fernandez has the mental capacity for a certain act, the power of persistent adherence to a purpose, the will that makes all things possible; endowed to such a high degree that he has the mastery of himself, which is the highest expression of the Will. What did he say? "There is no better satisfaction to me than to help others." It was he who set the Philippine Chamber of Commerce to begin the drive for national protection-patronizing and fostering our home industrieswhile the dean for fourteen years of the directors of said Chamber of Commerce. FESTIN, LEONARDO

Lawyer and Former Representative from Romblon. He was born in the municipality of Odiofigan, Romblon, on November 6, 1886. He enrolled in the Liceo de Manila in 1901 and graduated as Bachelor of Arts in March, 1905. He studied law from 1905 to 1907 in the Escuela de Derecho where he received the title of Licenciado en Ciencias Juridicas. In 1910 he took the bar examinations. He was the founder of the Partido N acionalista in Romblon, being its president in 1907. He was councilor and then president of the municipality of Odiofigan by appointment of the Provincial Board of Capiz from 1910 to 1913. During the Fourth Legislature, he represented the third district of Capiz and held the position of president of a special committee. It was due to his constant efforts that 222

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES the once subprovince of Romblon became an independent province, and he was the author of that law. In the elections of 1919, he was elected representative for Romblon. He is responsible for the enactment of an Electoral Reform Law. He is also author of the law which prohibits the importation of foreign cattle, thus protecting our national industry. Again he was elected Representative for Romblon during the' Sixth and other Legislatures, for he is active, a hard worker, and a good public servant. FIGUERAS, JOSE

Inspector General of Labor, Department of Labor. As one of the well-known labor leaders of the Islands, Mr. Figueras is a man of varied experience. Because of his cha.rming personality, he has been able to pacify many labor riots and strikes. He has been in the government service for many years. FINNEMAN, WILLIAM

Bishop Auxiliary, Manila. Son of Bernhard and Elizabeth Nasse. He was born in Bueninghausen, Germany, on December 18, 1882, and was educated during the first eight years in the Catholic public schools of his hometown. Afterwards he continued his studies in Holland and Austria and was eventually ordained priest in Austria, in 1911. He was made missionary in Abra, from 1912 to 1918. From 1920 to 1922 he was professor of Latin and Greek languages at Techuy, Illinois, U. S. A. He was missionary of Abra in 1922 for five months. From 1923 to 1926, he was Procurator of the Society of the Divine Word in the Philippine Islands, and from 1926 to 1929, parish priest of the new Holy Ghost Church. In 1929, he was proclaimed Bishop Auxiliary of Manila. 223

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES FISCHER, ARTHUR F.

Director of the Bureau of Forestry, and Dean of the School of Forestry, and Professor of Tropical Forestry, University of the Philippines. Born in Chicago, Illinois, on February 6, 1888, he was educated in the following institutions: Crane Technical High School, Chicago, Illinois, 1906; Ohio Northern University, Ada, Ohio., C.E., 1909; and Yale Forest School, Yale University, M.F., 191!. He held the following positions-Tracer and Detailer, Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company, Ensley, Alabama, 1906; Chainman and Field Surveyor, for same company, 1907; Assistant State Forester of Ohio, June and September, 1910; August 13, 1911, appointed Forester, Bureau of Forestry, P. 1.; 1912, appointed Assistant Professor of Forest Engineering, University of the Philippines; 1912-1914, in charge of reconnaissance and special projects in Negros, Northern Luzon, Caramoan, and Mindanao and at times designated to conduct confidential investigations for the Director of Forestry, and in charge of natural resources for the Panama-Pacific Exposition Committee; 1915, in charge of the Bureau of Forestry Exhibits at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition; Member and Secretary of the Committee on Awards on N.atural Resources, Panama-Pacific International Exposition; April 11, 1916, appointed Dean, School of Forestry, and Professor of Tropical Forestry; January 27, 1917, appointed Director of Forestry; Chairman, Shipbuilding Committee under the Food Commission, Ex. Order No. 18, S. 1918; Chairman, Shipbuilding Committee, Roosevelt Memorial Association, 1919; Representative of the Philippine Government in the American Mining Congress at Denver, Colorado, November, 1920; Chairman, Committee to study the plan of devel224

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES opment of the Makiling National Botanic Garden, Ex. Order No. 46, November 30, 1920. On March 30, 1921, Mr. Fischer was unanimously elected as Faculty Representative in the Board of Regents, University of the Philippines; April, 1921, appointed Chairman, Budget Committee, Board of Regents; Chairman, Allotment Committee and the College of Agriculture Committee; Member, College of Engineering Committee; Chairman, Agricultural Coordination Committee on all Government activities, Ex. Order No. 8, ~ 1922; Chairman, Committee for the disposition and administration of coal bearing lands, appointed by the Secretary of Agriculture and Natural Resources, February 7, 1922; April 1, 1922, Member, Baguio Improvement Committee; Member, Baguio Coordination Committee, Ex. Order No. 16, April 24, 1922; Chairman, Board of Departmental Research, Dept. Order No.8, September 8\ 1922; Member, Central Luzon River Control Commission, Ex. Order No. 55, October 16, 1922; Member, Board of Directors, Philippine National Bank, November 3, 1922; Chairman, Sugar Centrals Committee, 1922-1925; Member, Executive Committee, Philippine National Bank, 1924-1925; Member, Board of Directors, Cebu Portland Cement Co., November 24, 1922; Confidential Investigations on various Government departments for Governor-General; Chairman, Roll Call Committee, American Red Cross, Philippine Chapter, September 12, 1923; Honorary Member, Philippine Lumber Manufacturers Association, September 26, 1921; Philippine Delegate, International Forestry Congress, Rome, Italy, 1926; Member, SubCommittee on Tropical Forestry, Committee on International Relations in Forestry; Philippine Representative, International Critical Tables Committee, International Research Council; Lieut. Col. U. S. Army (Intelligence Reserve) ; Graduate G. 2 course, War College, 1927; President, 225

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Philippine Council, Boy Scouts of America; President, American School, Inc., Manila; Charter Member, National Research Council of the Philippines. Mr. Fischer is the joint author of Philippine Bamboos, Philippine Forest Products, and Philippine Mangrove Swamps, and the writer of scientific articles and booklets on forestry and natural resources. He is member of the Society of American Foresters, mentioned in ''Who is Who in America" as well as in "Who is Who in Engineering," 'and "American Men of Science." FISCHER, LEO

Editor and Translator. A Rolling Stone that has come to rest is Mr. Leo Fischer, Chief of the Translating Division of the Executive Bureau, welllmown as a linguiit, journalist, veteran, and Freemason. Born in Bohemia on July 10, 1875, and educated in Saxony, where he graduated from the "Realschule" at Grossenhain, Mr. Fischer left for the United States at the age of 19 years. He had his share of adventure in New Mexico, Texas, and the Indian Territory, and then travelled through Argentine Republic and Chile, returning to Europe around Cape Horn on a sailing vessel. At the outbreak of the Spanish-American War, which found him at Omaha, Mr. Fischer enlisted in Company "G" of the 2nd Nebraska Infantry, U. S. Vols. He came to the Philippines in October, 1899, as sergeant in Company "G," 32nd Infantry, U. S. Vols., with which regiment he was 14 months in the field in Luzon. Here he added Painpango and Tagalog to his store of languages. One of his officers says of him: " ... The colonel of the regiment used his services practically all the time in every sort of a confidential capacity in which it was necessary to have dealings with the Filipinos. Mr. Fischer is most industrious and intelligent in his work. He is a man of good 226

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES physique with abundance of endurance and courage." Upon his discharge from the Army, in January, 1901, Mr. Fischer was appointed a translator in the Executive Bureau. He has been chief of the translating division of that Bureau since 1916 and handles, besides English and Spanish, a number of other languages, including French, German, Dutch, Italian, and Portuguese. In 1905, Mr. Fischer went to Brussels, Belgium, to marry Miss Anita M. Perkins, whom he had met two years previously on a trip around the world. Mrs. Fischer is a linguist like her husband, and their four daughters speak English, French, and Spanish. In 1918, Mr. Fischer served as captain and personnel adjutant in the 5th Philippine Infantry. lie still holds a major's commission in the Officers Reserve of the U. S. Army. Mr. Fischer is a 33rd degree Mason ; Past Master of Bagumbayan Lodge No.4, F. & A. M.; Past Worthy Patron, Mayon Chapter, Order of the Eastern Star; Past Department Commander, United Spanish War Veterans; Deputy Inspector-General, Veterans of Foreign Wars; Fellow of the Philalethes Society and Member of the Committee on Indonesian Law. He is editor of several Masonic monthlies, "The Cabletow," "The Far Eastern Freemason," and "The Lambskin." He has an international reputation as writer of Masonic articles and fiction. "I have been able to devote so much time to study and reflection"-Mr. Fischer said-"because I give little time to other things. I don't play cards, smoke, or dance. Combined travel and study would be an ideal life to me. I believe that the man who adopts honor and duty as his guiding stars is bound to secure and hold the respect and esteem of the world, though that is apparently not the way to make millions. As regards wealth, I am rather inclined 227

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES to hold with the Australian who said: 'God must have a very poor opinion of money, judging by the men whom he lets have it.' " FLOOD, RAYMOND PAUL

Manager, Philippine Branch of the West Coast Life Insurance Company. He was born in San Francisco, California, on November 9, 1892. He studied in the public schools in San Francisco, and graduated from the University of California. Mr. Flood came to the Philippines in 1919. He is member of the Manila Polo Club, the Wack Wack Golf and Country Club, Army and Navy Club, and the Baguio Golf and Country Club. FLORES, AUGUSTO

Division Superintendent of Schools of Marinduque. Mr. Flores was born in Bucay, Abra, on May 3, 1893. He studied in the Bucay Primary School, Bangued Intermediate School, Abra High School, Ilocos Sur High School, and Philippine Normal School where he graduated in 1915. From 1912 until his promotion to Division Superintendent of schools of Marinduque in 1935, he served as high school teacher, supervising teacher and academic-industrial supervisor in various parts of the Philippines. He was on duty in Albay province as academic sup.e rvisor when he was promoted to his present position. He passed the division superintendent of schools examination in 1927. FONACIER, SANTIAGO

Journalist. He was born in Laoag, Ilocos Norte, on May 21, 1885. Since he was very young, he has shown considerable interest in journalism and has performed various offices in our local newspapers. He was elected Rep228

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES resentative for the first district of Ilocos Norte in the Third Philippine Legislature (1912). FORM{)SO, VICENTE

Provincial Governor of Cagayan. Born in Aparri, Cagayan, on April 5, 1892, his parents are Gabriel Formoso and Eduarda Pablo, of Vigan, Ilocos Sur. He obtained his Bachelor of Arts from San Juan de Letran College in 1909; Bachelor of Laws, La Jurisprudencia in 1912; and Master of Laws from Georgetown University, U. S. A., in 1914. While a Representative from the first district of Cagayan from 1925 to 1931, he has been a member of the Steering Committee, Appropriation Committee, and Public Works Committee of the Philippine Legislature. He was a member of the Independence Mixed Mission to the United States headed by President Manuel L. Quezon in 1933, represe:pting the League of Provincial Governors of the Philippines. Governor Formoso has been very much interested in the tobacco problems of the country since 1925, also in public educ.ation, and in the solution of the agricultural problems of his province, especially concerning rice. He is an advocate of economic protectionism in his province; has earnestly worked for the National Unity of the people under the auspices of the League of Provincial Governors during the critical days of the Hare-Hawes-Cutting law controversy. He helped promote greatly the coalition of the tJwo major political parties of the country, the Nacionalista-Consolidado Anti and the N acionalista-Pro-Independencia. In the League of Provincial Governors, he initiated the launching of a coalition ticket for the candidacies of President Quezon and Vice-President Osmefia during the Commonwealth elections. At present he is working hard for the economic development of his province. 229

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES His philosophy of life is-"Reasonable ambition. Study and hard work are the keynote to success in all undertakings." His political philosophy is public service through hard labor and perseverance. FORTICH, MANUEL

Assemblyman from Bukidnon and Proprietor, Dalirig Cattle Ranch. He was born in San Nicolas, Cebu, on November 29, 1878. He attended Colegio de San Carlos, Cebu, finishing the primary and secondary courses in 1892. He is one of the builders of Bukidnon. In January, 1902, he was named sub-inspector of the Constabulary, then First, Second, Third Lieutenant; in 1909, Auxiliary Governor of the Sub-Province of Bukidnon, Province of Agusan and later Lieutenant Governor of the same Sub-province up to 1914, when he was designated Provincial Governor of the Province of Bukidnon upon the inauguration of the Department of Mindanao and Sulu l; and Representative in the Tenth Legislature. In 1935 he was elected Assemblyman from Bukidnon to the Commonwealth Assembly. FRANCISCO, GUILLERMO

Brigadier-General and Cdmmanding Officer of the Philippine Army. This prominent soldier was born in Manila on February 10, 1885. He got his e~rly education from the city public schools, and in 1900 -he enrolled at the Liceo de Manila where he received his A. B. degree. Ambitious to be a soldier, he enrolled in the Constabulary Academy, graduating with honors in December, 1908. On August 8, 1908, he was commissioned Third Lieutenant, and three years later, was made Second Lieutenant. His rise was meteoric after this, First Lieutenant in 1913, and Captain in 1917, then Major, and Lieutenant Colonel, in 1922. When the Staff of the Philippine Army was organ230

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES ized, he was given the enviable rank of Brigadier General and designated Commanding Officer of the Regular Army.

J. Lawyer, Legal Writer and Publisher. Mr. Francisco was born in Cavite, Cavite, on July 19, 1891, the son of Bibiano Francisco and J osefa Santos. He received his Bachelor of Laws degree from the Escuela de Derecho in 1914. Afterwards he went to the United States and took special courses in mercantile law, procedure and evidence at the Columbia University in New York City. Former dean of the College of Law of the University of Manila, president of the Lawyer's League of the Philippines, owner of the East Publishing Co., editor of the Lawyers League Journal and author of and commentator on several law books, he was elected Delegate from Cavite to the Constitutional Convention ' in 1934. FRANCISCO, VICENTE

J. Conductor of the Philippine Constabulary Band. He is first lieutenant in the Philippine Constabulary. He has succeeded Navarro, as band conductor of the Constabulary which has become very famous abroad since the days of Major Loving. FRESNIDO, ALFONSO

FRIEDER, ALEX

Business Executive. He is the Manila General Manager of the S. Frieder & Sons Company, largest single exporter of Philippine cigars to the United States. He was born in New York City on December 2, 1883. He studied in the Townsend Harris Hall high school and in the College of the City of New York. He came to the Philippines in 1918, and engaged in the cigar and tobacco leaf industry. Mr. Frieder is a Mason and member of the Rotary, 231

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES the Polo, Army and Navy, Manila Golf, Wack Wack, University, and Elks clubs; also General Manager of the Helena Cigar Company. FUENTE, MANUEL DE LA

President, Municipal Board of Manila, and Accountant. He was born in Quiapo, Manila, on April 4, 1890. A self-made man, Mr. de la Fuente completed his high school and Accountancy in the International Correspondence Schools, Scranton, Pa. At the age of 9 he was a newsboy and bootblack and later an athlete up to the age of 25: baseball catcher of the Katipiman Sikat, football player, wrestler and boxer; clerk and bookkeeper of the Camera Supply Co., Tex~ Co., Wise & Co., Cebu Photo Material Co. and E. Gaskell & Co. He was elected Member of the Municipal Board in 1925, 1928, 1931, and 1934. On October 16, 1934, he was elected President of the Municipal Board of the City of Manila. His philosophy 'Of life is the following: "To be sincere and honest." FUENTEBELLA, JOSE

Lawyer and Agriculturist. He was born in Sagnay, Ambos Camarines, on June 17, 1883. He studied the first years of the secondary course in the Colegio de San Buenaventura in Guinobatan, Albay, and finished as Bachelor of Arts in the Liceo de Manila. He took up the law course in the Escuela de Derecho and in the Escuela de Leyes, Manila, obtaining from the latter the title of Licenciado en Leyes. When he passed the bar examinations he formed part of the law offices of Fuentebella & Co., Nueva Caceres, Lagonoy and Tabaco. He is also a businessman and an agriculturist. In 1909, he was elected Delegate for the Third District of Ambos Camarines. In 1912 he was again designated to represent in the Assembly the same district. 232

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES

S. Division Superintendent of Schools of Mindoro. He was born in Ibajay, Capiz, on May 30, 1895. In 1912, he went to the United States and as a self-supporting student he was able to graduate from the Oakland High School, 1916, and receive his B. A. 1921, and M. A. 1922, from the University of California. On his return to the Philippines in 1922, he was assigned to the Capiz High School and five years later was designated acting principal of same school. From here, he was assigned to the General Office, first, on special detail and later, as supervisor, measurement and research department. In 1932, he was made acting division superintendent of schools of Batangas, of Bulacan in 1933, and of Mindoro on December 17, 1933. FUENTES, FERNANDO

FUENTES, JOVITA

The Filipina Nightingale. The Songstress. The internationally known opera singer. These are some of the many names given to Jovita Fuentes who made her name and career by her masterly rendition of Puccini's "Madame Butterfly" and "La Boheme" in the exclusive theatres of America and Europe, winning for her and her country the plauaits of the world. A native of Capiz, Capiz, Miss Fuentes' struggles in life were, like many a noted actress's life, full of obstacles and distressing difficulties which to an ordinary human being would have been impossible to overcome. But possessed with an ardent desire to be a real artist, she studied hard in Manila and later in Italy. For years she practised much and worked hard despite the many discouragements which usually beset ambitious youth. When her apprenticeship was over she traveled and sang from city to city-from Chicago to New York and 233

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES from Nice to Buenos Aires, from Berlin to Paris and from Milan to Manila. At last she achieved fame. She is a real credit to her country. Miss Fuentes has some of her songs preserved in phonographic records. One of her beautiful songs is "Ay Kalisud I" a song bubbling with the ideals and sentiments of her people and her native land. Her life itself is, like her work, "a grand sweet song." What can better fit such a life of beautiful achievement than this wonderful poem of Kingsley? "Do noble things, not dream them, all day long And so make life, death and that vast forever one grand sweet song."

R. Provincial Governor of Sulu. He was born in 1879 in Virginia where he lived until events in 1898 brought him to the J>hilippines where he had been since, save when short intervals of visits to the home fires took him away. His philosophy of life is-"Where all of one's thoughts are there also will be himself and his life." FUGATE, JAMES

FULE, EUSTAQUIO

Businessman of San Pablo, Laguna. He was born in Magampon, San Pablo, Laguna, on September 21, 1881. The extreme poverty of his family prevented him from attending schools, and at the very early age of seven he had to eke out a living by working out in the fields. At sixteen, he engaged in selling copra and in working as a street cleaner. In 1910, with a small borrowed capital, he entered into the copra industry, and gradually progressed in that business. Today he pays thousands of pesos yearly to the Manila Railroad Company to transport his copra from San Pablo to Manila. Self-made and efficient, Mr. 234

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Fule is the personification of a modern progressive man of affairs. GABALDON, ISAURO

Lawyer and Agriculturist. He has been Governor of Nueva Ecija, Member of the Philippine Assembly and Resident Commissioner to the United States Congress. Born in San Isidro, province of Nueva Ecija, on December 8, 1875, Mr. Gabaldon was educated in the public schools of Tebar, Cuenca province, Spain, in the colleges of Quintana del Rey and Villanueva de la Jara. He graduated in 1893, took law at the Central University of Madrid and later returned to the Philippines and graduated at the University of ~anto Tomas, with the degree of LL.B., in 1900. Mr. Gabaldon married Bernarda Tinio and of the union were born two children. He practiced law from 1903 to 1906, when he 'was elected governor of the province of Nueva Ecij a. Respected and popular in his province, the year 1907 saw him elected as Deputy to the Philippine Assemhly, and elected again in 1909. Highly esteemed and secure in the confidence of the people he presented his candidacy as senator in the elections of 1916 for the third senatorial district and came out triumphantly. In the House he was member of the committees on police, accounts, agriculture, and chairman of the committee on provincial and municipal governments. In the Senate he held important posts, such as member of the committees on agriculture, commerce, communications, railroads, rules, and chairman of the committee on accounts. As a legislator, Mr. Gabaldon was known for the Gabaldon bill providing one million pesos for the building of concrete public schools throughout the Philippines. He was also noted for his proposed measure on the aparcerfa system, for protecting the interests of the laborers and small 235

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES farmers. In 1920 he was appointed Resident Commissioner to Washington, D. C., by the Philippine Legislature and again in 1925, for two terms. As a resident commissioner, he was responsible for telling the truth to the American people that the Philippines wanted "Independence, absolute, complete, and immediate." Mr. Gabaldon is a man of firm convictions, liberal views, and sin<:ere acts. Speaking in his charming manner, he said of his early life: "My dream was to be a military man. But my father was against it. In school I was strong in philosophy ano letters. And when the time came for me to decide, the happy mean was chosen: I took up law." Brought up in liberal schools in Madrid and cOILSistent in his beliefs, Mr. Gabaldon is the personification of a fighter, a man of deeds. Has he not said wisely? "I consistently believe in the freedom of the Islands, as the solution of the Philippine political, â&#x201A;Ź<:onomic and national problem . . . JJ

F. Proprietor, Merchant and Corporation Executive--a recognized leader in business affairs in the Philippines. Such is Mr. Samuel F. Ga<:hes, President of the H. E. Heacock Co., Inc., wholesale and retail jewelers, opticians and stationers; C. Alkan, Inc., dealers in sporting goods, musical instruments, and office equipment; Denniston, Inc., photographic supplies, and the La<:aron Plantation Co., Inc., an agricultural corporation. "Experience, son, <:ounts a great deal in this life and in this world. Hard work, above everything else and much study,-then perhaps good luck will come to you later." So spoke Mr. Gaches whose principal interests are centered in the Philippine Islands. GACHES, SAMUEL

236

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Born at La Conner, Washington, U. S. A., he is the son of James and Rhoda (Francis) Gaches. He married Elsie McCloskey in Manila, in 1916. He is a member of Manila Lodge No.1, F. & A. M. and of other social, civic and commercial organizations. He was the President of the Manila Rotary Club. He certainly gets most who serves best. Mr. Gaches has come to stay in the Philippines, making it his home, for he has faith in the future of Manila and the Islands. In this country he has made and invested his fortune. And so for the Philippines and the islanders he has nothing but high hopes and good opinions. Mr. Gaches graduated from Leland Stanford, Jr., University, at Palo~lto, California, in 1900, with the degree of B.A. In May of the same year he went to the Philippines and entered the commercial world and worked for more than thirty years, until he became a true leader in his chosen line. He was a member of the Fiber Standardization Board anti Vice-President of the Philippine American Drug Co. The Heacock Building marked the introduction of modern American structures in the Orient as it reared its magnificent top against the sky on the Escolta, the metropolis of Manila. Mr. Gaches is also an active leader in civic and club affairs as evident in his leadership in the Rotary, an international organization, and in his connections with the Tuberculosis Commission. What has made Mr. Gaches the leader, such as he is today? Let him-this personality of America and the Philippines-speak for himself. "Start your business. Put your heart and soul there. Work, wait and hope: everything worth while accomplishing takes time. 237

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES "Business is a profession, like law or medicine. Study hard. Be constantly in touch with new ways of business. Keep everlastingly at your goal, there is no end to it; win the confidence of the public by fair dealing." There is something behind his voice, and something more in his eyes, his movements, his very person. And he summed up his experience by repeating, "It is only hard work that counts. And by keeping everlastingly at your job, it will bring you reward, the attainment of your purpose." GAERLAN, JUAN

Former Senator from the Twelfth Senatorial District, Tenth Philippine Legislature. He was born in Tagudin, Ilocos Sur, on July 7, 1884, as the son of Sabas Gaerlan and Rosalina Lorenzana. He was interpreter and deputy treasurer of Bontoc 1905; clerk, deputy treasurer and assistant postmaster, Eontoc, 1906-1908; deputy provincial treasurer, mine recorder, and traveling deputy treasurer, Bontoc, 1910-1912; assistant agricultural inspector, Bureau of Agriculture, 1913-1916; agricultural inspector, and later, fanning adviser, Bureau of Agriculture, 1916-1920; deputy governor-at-Iarge, 1920-1921; acting deputy governor, Apayao and Benguet, 1921-1922; deputy governor, Benguet, 1923-1931; appointed representative from the Mountain Province, from Ju!ly 16, 1931, to July 15, 1934; and later Senator from the twelfth senatorial district, beginning 1934. GAERLAN, SIXTO

Farmer and Businessman. Born on April 2, 1896, in San Juan, La Union, and son of Pedro Gaerlan and Clara Aquino, he studied in the primary school of his home town and later graduated from the La Union Provincial High School in 1918. Mr. Gaerlan enrolled in the College 238

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES of Agriculture of the University of the Philippines where he received the degree of Bachelor of Science in Agriculture in 1925. He was intermediate school teacher from 1918 to 1920, high school instructor from 1925 to 1933, city councilor from 1929 to 1931, and Delegate to the Constitutional Convention from Baguio in 1934.

V. Lawyer and Agriculturist; President, Manila Tobacco Association. He was born in San Miguel, Bulacan, on January 18, 1893. He studied in the elementary and high schools of San Isidro, Nueva Ecija. He entered also the Bulacan High School, but finished in the Manila High School, and continued his studies in the College of Liberal Arts of the University of the Philippines. He took up law in the College of Law of the state univer sity. After receiving his BacheLor 路of Laws degree, he pursued post-graduate courses in the University of the Philippines, the University of Sto. Tomas, the Northwestern University La"w School of Chicago, U. S. A., and the Universidad Central de Madrid, Spain. He possesses the following degrees: Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Laws, Licenciado en Jurisprudencia, Master of Laws and Juris Doctor. He made a trip around the world visiting important places in Europe and America. Mr. Gallego is author of the following books: Bar Exmmination Questions and A~'zvers on the Civil Code, Law on Obligations, Philippine La.~v of Evidence, Handbook on Election Lanv, Philippine Law of Waters a,nd Water Rights, and others. He was one of the members of the Faculty of Law of the National Law College of the University of Manila; president of the Fabrica de Tabacos y Cigarillos Katubusan and manager of various haciendas in his province. In 1931, he presented himself as candidate for representative for the first district of GALLEGO, MANUEL

239

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Nueva Ecij a and won in the elections. He is now a practising attorney and professiorial lecturer. S. General Commercial Manager of the Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company. He was born in San Roque, Cavite, on December 5, 1883. He studied in the Ateneo de Manila, Escuela de Derecho, and La J urisprudencia. He owns the Try-Me Taxicabs, the Try-Me Service Station, and the Cine Idilio. At present he is connected with the Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company, and is member of the Wack Wack Golf & Country Club, Y.M.C.A., Rotary International, Knights of Rizal, and Civil Club of Pasay. GALVEZ, JOSE

GAMBOA, JOSE

President, University Club of Negros Occidental. Mr. Gamboa is author of "National Wealth, the Guarantee of Military Efficiency" which appeared in the April issue of the Philippine Forum, edited by Camilo Osias. A social worker and a good citizen, Mr. Gamboa is an active and practical man of affairs. GANA, VICENTE Q.

Leather Chemist and Businessman. Manager and Technical Director of the Philippine Tannery Corporation. The son of Eduardo Gana and Filomena de Ocampo, Mr. Gana was born on October 31, 1880, in Bifiang, Laguna. He learned his first letters from a private tutor, Sr. F. Gonzalez; a.ttended the San Juan de Letran College where he obtained his A.B. degree. When the revolution broke out he was forced in 1901 to leave the Islands and sail for Europe. He went to Leeds, England, and entered in 1902 the Leeds University where he tooK applied chemistry and specialized in leather manufacture. 240

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Mr. Gana returned to the Philippines in 1906. He was with the Bureau of Science as chemist until 1914 when he left the government service and organized the Philippine Tannery, Inc., with one half million-peso capital. The business began in a modest way, operating a small tanning factory at Malabon, Rizal, until it was enlarged when demand exceeded the supply. "In this life," remarked Mr. Gana, "one must be conservative, sticking to his job constantly until it is a success. We have ambition but little persistence. Here we need the bull-dog tenacity of the English in order to amount to something; for one's achievement depends more on perspiration than on inspiration: unless he is a genius, otherwise he will be a ningas kugun. But if a man would succeed, he must stick to his job and turn what to others seem impossible to succe~s that is enduring." GARCIA PEREZ DE TAGLE, ADOLFO

Photo-Engraver and Business Executive. Owner and Manager of the oldest establishment of its kind, "A. Garcia," known not only in the Islands but also in the Orient. He is also editor and proprietor of the aristocratic Spanish fortnightly magazine "Excelsior." Mr. Garcia was born in Manila, on September 10, 1885, the son of Antonio Garcia Granda and Carmen Perez de Tagle. He attended the San Juan de Letran College and then the Ateneo de Manila where he obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree. Later he entered the University of Santo Tomas' Sc.hool of Fine Arts. Laborious, active and modern, Mr. Garcia began as an apprentice in his father's shop, established since 1890, until he had mastered the abc of the establishment. He took complete charge of the business on the death of his father, the pioneer photo-engraver of the Philippines. 241

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Traveler, artist and businessman, Mr. Adolfo Garcia believes in specialization in one's profession, and in introducing and adopting into it the modern standards of science, in order to produce work that is not only satisfactory but also artistic. He is a keen observer. "The soul of life," he said"is progress. Nowadays the progress of the magazine is due to its pictorial presentation; that is, the artistry in the cuts." After an expressive pause, he continued: "Success in my line means the use of the latest improvements. Above all, be a practical artist." "I like travel," he concluded, "because it is an education in itself-the best, I believe-for it gives new atmosphere and fresh inspiration on life and its problems."

P. Provincial Governor of Bohol. He was born in Talibon, Bohol, on November 4, 1896, and his parents were Policronio Garcia and Ambrosia Polestico. He is an LL.B. and Attorney-at-law. Mr. Garcia studied in the Talibon Central School, Cebu High School, Silliman Institute, Dumaguete, Oriental N egros, and graduated from the Cebu High School. He enrolled in the law course at the Philippine Law School and passed the bar examinations in 1923. He was Representative for the third district of Bohol from 1925 to 1931. Mr. Garcia has practised law since 1923. He is at present the Provincial Governor of Bohol, elected in the general elections of 1934. His philosophy of life is this: "Life is action and service." GARCIA, CARLOS

GARCIA, EULALIO

Judge of the Court of First Instance, Fourteenth Judicial District, Camarines Sur and Camarines Norte. 242

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES He is 49 years old. Previous to his appointment to the Judiciary, he was Member of the Provincial Board of Tayabas in 1916; Provincial Fiscal of Bataan and Zambales from 1920 to 1923; Acting Provincial Fiscal of Rizal from 1923 to 1924; and Provincial Fiscal of Tayabas from 1924 to 1929. He was appointed District Judge on June 16, 1936. GARCIA ROXAS, SIMEON

Lawyer and Surveyor. Born in Manila on April 21, 1874, his parents were Regino Garcia and Rufina Roxas. He was educated in the Ateneo Municipal de Manila and in Santo Tomas University where he obtained in 1894 his Bachelor of Arts and titles as Agrimensor and Perito Tasador de Tierras. The Spanish Government in 1896 appointed him to work as chief of the forest district of Cagayan. In 1899, he was also appointed "Ayudante de Montes" by the Philippine' Revolutionary government and Chief forester later. General Luna called Mr. Garcia in 1899 to work in the Engineering Corps with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. Later he continued his studies as a law student in the Escuela de Leyes. In 1910 he was admitted by the Supreme Court to practise law. He practised his surveying profession in 1913. He was also secretary and professor of Liceo de Manila. From 1912 up to the present time, Mr. Garcia has been serving as Justice of the Peace of Pasig, Rizal. He is a "Licenciado en Ciancias Filologicas." The others possessing this title are the late Justice Villamor and former Justice Romualdez. He was president of the Philippine Esperanto Association; vicepresident of Asociacion Filatelica de Filipinas; director, Philippine Numismatic Association; Member, National Geographic Society, Washington; American Numismatic Association of Chicago, and Cunard Travel Club of New 243

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES York. Mr. Garcia has traveled extensively. that travel adds much to our culture.

He believes

GARCIA, TIRSO

Bank Commissioner. Born on September 24, 1886, at San Marcos, Calumpit, Bulacan, son of Feliciano Garcia and Alfonsa Gatdula. He received his early education from the public schools of both the Spanish and American systems, later entering the Philippine Normal School and the Philippine School of Commerce. He started work as school teacher in the Tondo Grammar School in 1903 and attended during evenings the Philippine School of Commerce where he was later appointed as an instructor from 1907 to 1914. He entered the Bureau of Treasury as a bank clerk and private secretary to the Insular Treasurer in 1915, and was successively promoted to bookkeeper, chief clerk, cashier, bank and insurance examiner, chief of the division of banks and corporations, chief bank examiner until 1923 when he left for the United States. In 1925 he was appointed a government pensionado. He attended the American Institute of Banking and Columbia University in the City of New York, specializing in banking and foreign exchange. He was the first Filipino to be given appointment as federal bank examiner under the Comptroller of the Currency. While in the United States, he was able to acquire thereby first hand "knowledge of highly specialized banking and finance through travels over the federal reserve cities in America. When he returned to the Philippines in 1926, he was again assigned as chief bank examiner. Upon the establishment of the Bureau of Banking in 1929, he was made assistant bank commissioner, and in 1933, appointed bank commissioner. When the Banking Holiday was declared in 1933 in the United States, Mr. Garcia was at the head of the Banking Bureau and 244

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES his task was to allay the fear of the investing public and hold firm the attitude of the depositors of banks in their financial institutions. Through his tact and patented manner of approach, the confidence in Philippine banking remained firm and undisturbed. He is a member of the Philippine Columbian Association and the Wack Wack Golf and Country Club. GARRIDO, ANTONIO

Manager, Pasay Transportation Co., Inc. Among the business executives and leaders of Pasay is Mr. Garrido. He is also treasurer of said company. A product of our modern schools, he is alert and progressive, practical and efficient-certain requisites that a real leader in any vocation must posses and practice. GASTON , EMILIO

Provincial Governor of N egros Occidental and Agriculturist. He was born in Silay, Negros Occidental, on December, 1882. He attended Ateneo de Manila for eight years, graduating as Bachelor of Arts in 1898. In 1914 he was elected Municipal President of Silay and in 1918 elected third member of the Provincial Board of N egros Occidental. From 1918 to 1921 he acted as Manager and President of the Talisay-Silay Milling Co., Inc., and President of the Compaiiia Maritima during 1920. From 1928 to 1931 he was again elected Municipal President of Silay, and in the last elections of 1934 he was elected Provincial Governor of N egros Occidental. GAY, MANUELA

National President General of the Catholic Women's League of the Philippines, Inc. Miss Gay heads one of the most powerful woman organizations in the Islands that has offices in 141 Florida, Ermita, in the City of Manila, 245

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES having among its officials, Mrs. Leonarda L. de Ubaldo, First vice-president; Mrs. Sofia R. de Veyra, Second VicePresident; Mrs. Felisa C. de Delgado, Mrs. Natividad Almeda Lopez, Miss Bessie A. Dwyer and others. Miss Gay is a woman of executive ability; simple but sincere, silent but active. GEARHART, FRANK C.

Businessman and Sportsman. He is co-owner of the Bukidnon Cattle and Coffee Co., Inc.; a member of the University Club, Army & Navy Club, Manila Polo Club, and the Carabao Wallow and Hunt Club. He was born in Iowa in 1881. After graduating from the Iowa State College, he came in 1907 to the Philippines where he was made acting chief veterinarian and then Chief of the Department of Animal Industry of the Bureau of Agriculture. When he left the government service in 1913, he then devoted his attention to the raising of cattle and race horses in a large, commercial scale. He is one of the biggest ranchers in Mindanao. GENATO, FRANCISCO C.

President and General Manager, Genato Commercial Corporation, importers and exporters. He was born on June 16, 1902, in Quiapo, Manila. He studied in the local schools, and later enrolled in the state university where he graduated in 1928, with the degree of Ba'chelor in Commercial Science. Mr. Genato !was President of the Nucleo Solteril, and member of the Chamber of Commerce of the Philippine Islands and other social and cOimmercial institutions. T. Provincial Governor of Davao. He studied early in a parochial school in Davao, and then entered the Ateneo de Manila and the Colegio Mercantil, now the National UniGENEROSO, SEBASTIAN

246

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES versity, where he obtained the Bachelor of Arts degree. Later he completed his law studies in the Escuela de Derecho de Manila and passed the bar examinations in 1919 as among the first three candidates who obtained the highest ratings. After practising his profession for a short while and upholding the common cause of the laboring class, he was elected Governor of Davao in 1925. He was reelected in 1928 and in 1934. Previous to his first election as Governor of Davao in 1925, he was at various times secretary to former Senator Filemon Sotto of Cebu, to Senator Rafael Palma of Manila when chairman of the Committee on Appropriations, and to Senate President Quezon, and later served in the Legal Division of the Philippine Senate. \He Was contributor of articles in Spanish to La VCLngU/L'rdiCL, Diario de A~)iso, Renacimiento Filipino, ConsolidCLcion NCLci nal, and later sub-director of The Independent. A merpber of the League of Provincial Governors of the Philippines, he is also president of the Labor Federation of Mindanao founded in 1921; president of the Labor Assembly organized in 1926; and honorary president of various labor organizations and societies in Davao. The longest steel b-ridge of Davao was named after him. One of the leading builders of Davao, Governor Generoso says, "Life is worth while living only when you dedicate yourself to the service of your people." GERONIMO, TOMAS

Business Executive, Proprietor and Manager of an establishment of his own-El Porvenir, purveyors of flour, sugar and other foodstuffs to city and provincial stores; also of Elpo, manufacturing company of rubber goods. Mr. Tomas Geronimo commenced in a modest way. Dona Florentina, his wife, told her husband's life in this simple but interesting manner: 247

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES "Tomas and I were married in 1909 in Manila. He is the son of humble people-Julio Geronimo and Francisca Castillo-natives of Quingua, Bulacan, where he was born on December 21, 1887. "He had practically no schooling except what he gave to himself. His school was the factory where he worked and earned a salary of P2.50-then P5.00 a month. "At the early age of six years he became an orphan. With younger brothers and sisters, depending upon him, he had to work and find the family's daily bread. Then began his real life struggle. He went to the city of Manila in 1901. And here we met. We have known each other since childhood. I remember he used to weep silently in the night, asking God's help to feed his small brothers and sisters. "We started oUr own business in 1911, La Filipina, a sari-sari store. We sold it to a Chinese for P2,000.00. With this as starting capital and our savings of P800.00 we established in 1912 by working together through thick and thin our establishment 'El Porvenir' on Calle Folgueras, Tondo. We used to go to the provinces to sell .... N ow, of course, we don't do that any more, for our parroquianos come to us." As a result of their hard work there now stands on Calle Azcarraga the modern concrete Geronimo Building. "I don't believe much in College Education," said Mr. Geronimo. "In real experience, yes; my faith is all there. Put labor and honesty with it, and you have the touchstone of success." GIL, JOSE

Commissioner of Civil Service. Baliwag, Bulacan, is the home town of Mr. Gil. At a very early age, he was left an orphan, so that he was sent to the Hospicio de San Jose, an institution that takes care of orphans. Later on 248

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES some kind relatives took him out and helped him find work at the office of Harry Rosenberg, stable owner. With his very meager ,e arnings, he was able to provide himself with his necessities and at the same time make his way in the American Central School. Finishing only up to the third year high school, he was, nevertheless, able to pass the first grade examinations and to land a clerical job at the Bureau of Posts. WhlIe working, he attended law classes during evenings, and in 1916 he successfully passed the bar examinations. Mr. Gil has ~een Director of the Bureau of Civil Service since 1923. Step by step, according to him, the ladder is ascended. GIL, PEDRO

Assemblyman from the Second District of Manila, Journalist and Doctor of Medicine. He was born in Capiz, Capiz, in 1890 . . Educated at tke Colegio de San Javier, graduating as bookkooper; Secondary Course, San Juan de Letran, graduating as Bachelor of Arts; University of Sto. Tomas, graduating as Doctor of Medicine. Dr. Gil was member of the Independent Mission sent to the United States in 1919. In 1928, he was representative for the 2nd District of Manila; Floor-leader of the minority in the House of Representatives; and member of the Parliamentary Mission to the United States. In 1935 he was elected member of the first Philippine National Assembly under the Commonwealth Government.

Roy K. Superintendent, Philippine Normal School. He was born in Stanwood, Michigan, U. S. A., on December 13, 1881. His parents are A. Martland Gilmore and Sarah Lundy. He was educated at Hart High School, 1897-1901; Diploma, Michigan State Teachers College, Ypsilanti, 1901GILMORE,

249

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES 1903; Diploma and Life Teaching Certificate; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, College of Medicine, 1906-1908; College of Education, 1922-1923; A. B. and B. S. E., Summer School, 1923, Graduate Credits. He was science teacher at Cheboygan High School, 1903-1904; Superintendent of Schools, Star City, Indiana, 1904-1906; Principal, Evanston High School, 1908-1909; Superintendent of School, Cumberland, 1909-1910; Supervising Teacher, Dagupan, Pangasinan, P. 1., 1910-1911; Division Superintendent, assigned to Mindoro, Batangas, Union, and Pampanga, 1911-1920; Chief of Academic Division, Bureau of Education, 1920-1924; Superintendent, Philippine Normal School, 1924 to the present. His philosophy in life is: "Make good on your job today and the future will take care of itself." GIRON-Tup.AS, ANASTACIA

Director of the University of the Philippines School of Public Health Nursing. She was born in Laoag, Ilocos Norte. She graduated from the Philippine General Hospital School of Nursing in 1912, from the New England Hospital for Women and Children in 1916, and from the School of Public Health Nursing and Social Work, Philadelphia, in 1917. From the University of the Philippines, Mrs. Tupas obtained B. Sc. and M. A., degrees. She is Executive Secretary of the Community Health and Nursing Association, member of the Board of Directors of the Filipino Nurses' Association, Association of University Women, Catholic Women's League. She is also the President of the Nursing Alumni Association.

S. Jurist and Lawyer. Formerly Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. Mr. Goddard was GODDARD, LEONARD

250

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES born on September 27, 1871, in Boxley, Indiana, the son of Andrew Goddard and Lu Shaw. His parents were pioneers in South Western Nebraska, traveling in a covered wagon. In 1899 he arrived in the Philippines as first lieutenant, 47th United States Volunteers, and was appointed captain later. He was appointed Judge of the Court of First Instance of Manila in February, 1931. Justice Goddard is not a law school graduate. He studied in the law office of his uncle, and was admitted later to the Philippine bar. He was Judge of a branch of the Court of First Instance of Manila when he was elevated to the Supreme Court of the Philippines. GoLDENBERG, MICHAEL

Businessman, owner-manager of Goldenberg's. By beginning a commercial career in a modest way, that is, opening up an indent office and working early and late, he has at last established his own firm, Goldenberg Company, of which he is the senior partner and general manager, dealing exclusively in general textiles, silks and retazos or mill end remnants. The son of Leon Goldenberg, the chemist of the Botica Inglesa during the Spanish regime, Mr. Goldenberg was born in Singapore, Straits Settlements, on November 8, 1889. Coming to the Philippines in 1895 with his father, he was one of the first products of our Public Schools established after Dewey's arrival. Some of his well-known classmates are the Benitez and Xerez Burgos brothers. Active and practical, he betook himself to a business career and started in 1918 the Goldenberg Company. Meanwhile he supplemented his meager education with selfstudy. Thus in his commercial enterprise he made it a point to apply science and culture, and by so doing he pro251

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES duced grateful results, as he now controls and is the manager of his concern, sellers of the finest quality goods at cheapest prices, with offices at Plaza Cervantes, Manila. He is a traveler, having gone to America and to neighboring countries in order to seek fields in business and to acquaint himself with the world; as he sincerely believes that travel is an essential part of man's education. Genial and generous, Mr. Goldenberg is an advocate of self-help, a disciple of Smiles; for if a person cannot help himself to succeed, he can never expect others to help him. "College education is not, in my opinion," he said, "a requisite of real success. Give me the man who works hard and possesses common sense, and I'll give you a Carnegie, an Edison or a Lincoln. Activity, Honesty and Service. .. these turn ordinary men into men of science and culture." Those are the personal views of the founder of Mount Lebanon Lodge, No. 80, F. & A. M.; Past Master and member of the same lodge. GOMEZ, GUILLERMO

Under Secretary of Finance and Spanish writer. Son of Francisco Gomez and Dolores Windham, he was born in Iloilo, on December 26, 1880. He finished his primary and high school courses at the Seminario de J aro, Iloilo; bookkee-ping and accounting, Escuela de Artes y Oficios, Iloilo, Iloilo. He has been government employee since 1889-Collector of Customs, Iloilo; Acting Insular Collector of Customs, Manila; now Under-secretary of Finance. He is member of the following boards: AntiUsury, National Development Co., and Philippine National Bank, and a student of E-conomics and Finance. He has published some books of stories, as he is a member of the Academy of Spanish Language. 252

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES His philosophy of life is the following: "There is nothing in the world producing greater satisfaction than Service, nor cause for greater inner pride than Sacrifice." GOMEZ, LIBORIO

Physician and Professor, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines. He was born in Sto. Tomas, Pampanga, on July 23, 1887. He received his M. D. degree from the Rush Medical College in 1908 and his Ph. D. degree from the University of Chicago. He was Professor of Bacteriology and Pathology in 1923; Acting Head and then Head, Department of Pathology and Bacteriology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, 1923. Dr. Gomez is member of the Manila Medical Society and charter member of the National Research Council of the Philippine Islands. As one of the well known physicians of the Islands, Dr. Gomez has also contributed considerable material to scientific literature. GoNZALES, LEON MA.

Chief, Statistics Division, Department of Agriculture and Commerce, and Managing Editor, The Philippine Statistical Review. Born in Arayat, Pampanga, April 11, 1894; he is the son of Aureliano Gonzales and Anastacia Manalese. He entered the government service as Field Agent, Bureau of Commerce and Industry, 1919; government pensionado, 1919-1921; graduated with the degree of Master in Business Administration, Harvard University, 1921; Assistant Chief, Industrial Organization Division, Bureau of Commerce and Industry, 1921; passed Commercial Agent's examination with highest ratings, 1922; Assistant Chief, Research Division, Bureau of Commerce and Industry, 1922; Acting Chief, Research Division, Bureau of Commerce and Industry, 1923; Manager, Philippine Gov253

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES ernment Agency, New York City, 1924-1926; Chief, Foreign Trade Service, Bureau of Commerce, 1929-1930; Chief, Division of Statistics and Trade Analysis, Bureau of Commerce, 1931-1932; Chief, Statistics Division, Department of Agriculture and Commerce, 1933 to date; and Managing Editor, The Philipp1Â°ne Statistieal Review, 1934 to date. The other positions which he held are-Technical Assistant, Department of ComÂŁmerce and Communications, 1932; Technical Assistant, Special Committee on Taxation, Philippine Legislature, 1933; Secretary, Trade Committee of the Department of Agriculture and Commerce, 19351936; Member, Sub-Committee of Governor General's Committee on Trade Relations, 1935-1936; Secretary, Committee on California Exposition, Department of Agriculture and Commerce, 1936; Member, Reorganization Committee, Department of Agriculture and Commerce, 1936; Technical Assistant, Government Survey Board, 1936; Dean, College of Business Administration, University of Manila, 1922-1923 and 1927-1928; Professorial Lecturer on Corporation Finance, University of the Philippines, 1928; Professorial Lecturer on Statistics and Economics, National University, 1928-1929; Professorial Lecturer on Statistics and Economics, Institute of Accounts, Business and Finance, 1928-1933; Professorial Lecturer on Statistics and Economics for the Far Eastern University, 1934-1936. He is member of Philippine Economic Association, American Academy of Social and Political Sciences, and Taylor Society for the Promotion of the Science of Management and Administration. One of the articles he has written is the famous "Three Decades of Philippine Progress." GoNZALES LLORET, RICARDO

Lawyer. He was born in Baliuag, Bulacan, on October 17, 1886. He learned the first letters in his native 254

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES town. He studied the secondary course in the schools of San Alberto Magno, Dagupall, Ateneo de Manila and San Juan de Letran, of Manila, where he finished as Bachelor of Arts in 1902. He took two years' course in Civil Engineering in the University of Sto. Tomas. In 1904 he studied law in the University of Sto. Tomas, and practised in the law office of the Juez y Secretario de Hacienda, Alberto Barretto. He finished his studies in 1909 and graduated the next year from the same university. In 1910 he was allowed to practise law in the islands. He established his law office in his native town. In the sessions of the Agricultural Congress in Manila in 1915, he acted as representative for the agriculturists of Bulacan. In 1916 he was elected representative for the second district of Bulacan. Since 1916, he had his law office in the city of Manila. In December, 1924, he was nominated Senator for the Third District, and offered the position of Judge of the Court of First Instance, but declined, and in 1928, he was elected Secretary of the House of Representatives. During the inauguration of the 8th legislature, he was elected again Secretary of the same House.

D. Provincial Treasurer of N egros Oriental. He was born in Manila, on November 8, 1883, and educated in the private schools of Manila and Leyte during the Spanish regime. He pursued his studies further in a night school of Tacloban, Leyte, 1902-1903, and completed the Commercial English course by correspondence with the International Correspondence Schools of Manila, 1915-1916. Mr. Gonzales passed the Third Grade Spanish in 1903, Second Grade Spanish in 1906, and Assistant Provincial Treasurer English examination in 1913. He held tlie positions of Deputy Treasurer of Leyte, 1903-1907; Clerk in the ProGONZALES, SEVERINO

255

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES vincial Treasury of Leyte, 1907-1912; Chief Clerk and Deputy Treasurer of Leyte, 1912-1914; Chief Clerk and Deputy Treasurer of Tayabas, 1914-1916; Provincial Treasurer of Zambales, 1916-1917; Provincial Treasurer of Cavite, 1917-1918; Provincial Treasurer of Samar, 1918-1933; Provincial Treasurer and Assessor of Sorsogon, 1933; Provincial Treasurer and Assessor of Camarines Sur, 19331934; and Provincial Treasurer and Deputy Assessor of N egros Oriental at present. GoNZALEZ, ANTONIO

Attorney-at-Law. He was Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of the Philippine Islands, an international fraternal institution, to which Rizal, Frederick the Great, and other world figures belonged. Mr. Gonzalez graduated in 1912 from San Beda College with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He entered the Escuela de Derecho and graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Laws in 1917 and was later admitted to the Philippine Bar. He has been the presiding officer of each of the organizations making up the Philippine Bodies of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry and a Past Master of Luz Oceanica Lodge No. 85. He was also leader in the Plaridel Masonic Temple Assoeiation and the Manila Masonic Club for many years. Past Grand Master Gonzalez is an orator, famous for his eloquent speeches in the Spanish language. He has of late made splendid contributions, also in Spanish, to The Cabletow. His admirable initiative and great activity resulted in outstanding achievement and success of the Grand Lodge of the P. 1. His motto is "To serve" and "To make others happy," and though he has been working since he was fourteen, yet he is far from being a millionaire. 256

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Really-he muses-what shall it profit a man if he gains the world and loses his own soul? GoNZALEZ, BIENVENIDO MARIA

Dean of the College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines. He was born in Apalit, Pampanga, on March 22, 1893. He graduated from the College of which he is now the Dean. He studied in the United States, in the universities of Wisconsin and Johns Hopkins. From the former university, he received ,his M. Sc. and Ph. D. degrees. He has been connected with the University of the Philippines since the completion of his studies. He was regent of the state university from 1918 to 1921. At various times, he has been director of the Pampanga Sugar Development Company, Inc., editor of the Philippine Agriculturist, president of the Philippine Society of Technological Agriculture, president of the Philippine Society for the Advancement of Research, president of the Los Banos Biology Club, and more recently, Vice Chairman of the National Research Council. GOT, ADRIAN

Business Executive. General Administrator of the Tabacalera, the largest Spanish firm and the biggest tobacco dealers in the Philippines. He was born on April 13, 1883, in the Basque region of Spain. He studied in the Instituto de San Sebastian, and later finished his studies in France. In 1903, he worked with the Astilleros Karrparrd, shipbuilders, in Pasajes, Spain, and in 1910 he joined the Tabacalera. This company sent him to the Islands to work in a local branch at Isabela, and then to Negros. In 1919 he became secretary general of the firm and in 1927 the administrator of the firm. He is president of the Centrales Azucareras de Bais and Tarlac; director, 257

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Philippine Sugar Association, Manila Tobacco Association, and member of other business and social organizations. GUERRERO, ALFREDO

Doctor of MediC-ine. Born in Ermita, City of Manila, June 28, 1886, he is a graduate of the University of Sto. Tomas, where he obtained his M. D. degree. He is president, Board of Trustees of the Manila College of Pharmacy and Dentistry and associate member of the National Research Council of the Philippine Islands. He is n9tW a very popular practising physician with his clinic at 117 A. Mabini, Manila. Dr. Guerrero has 3JSO contributed several scientific researches to our literature on science. He is a lover of things Philippine and his philosophy of life is "To do good and serve in order to be happy." 011

G ,\ERRERO, CESAR MARIA

Bishop of Lingayen, Pangasinan. Reverend Guerrero is a Doctor of Divinity and one of the few distinguished bishops of the Philippine$. He is bishop of the Diocese of Lingayen, comprising the provinces of Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija, Tarlac and Zambales. He is also rightly devoting his whole life in the Christianization of these Islands for tIie glory of God Almighty.

B. President, Lawyers League of the Philippines. This distinguished resident of the city of Manila is one of the Islands' famous criminal lawyers. His last public position was Fiscal of the City of Manila. He was member of the law firm Guevara, Francisco & Recto. Today he is connected with Palma & Guevara. Mr. Guevara has been professorial lecturer in the University of the Philippines and other private law schools and author of several law GUEVARA, GUILLERMO

258

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES books. Believing in the cultural value of travel, he made extensive tours abroad during 1927. GUEVARA, PEDRO

Newspaperman, and Former Resident Commissioner. Born in Santa Cruz, Laguna, on February 23, 1879, he was educated in the Ateneo de Manila, San Juan de Letran, and La J urisprudencia, where he obtained the degree of Bachelor of La'ws in 1908. He passed the bar in 1909. Mr. Guevara possesses the distinction of having held the longest term as P. 1. Resident Commissioner to the United States. Before occupying the post of resident commissioner in 1923, he was municipal councilor of San Felipe N eri, Rizal; representative for the second district of Laguna; and senator for the fourth senatorial district from 1916 to 1923. In 1934, he was elected Delegate to the Constitutional Convention from the second district of Laguna. As newspaper man, he was editor of Soberani(J) N aciorwJ, and reporter of La lndependencia, Vida Filipina, Los Obreros, La Jurisprudencia, and Bl Hijo del Siglo. He took also active part in the Revolution, as aide-de-camp to General Cailles, and as one of the first Filipino lieutenants of the Philippine Constabulary. He is now a practising attorney in Manila. TEOPIsm Director of the Bureau of Non-Christian Tribes. His life presents an interesting study of conscientious public service. The son of Vicente Guingona and Francisco路 J amora, Mr. Guingona was born in Nabalas, on the island of Guimaras, Iloilo, on September 20, 1883. He obtained his primary instruction at the Seminario de J aro, in the province of Iloilo. GUINGONA,

259

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES During the last few years of the Spanish regime he was an officer of a company of volunteers. He served in the Revolution as first Lieutenant of Infantry and then as Delegado de Policia in Nabalas, his home town. When the Philippine Government was organized under the American rule, Mr. Guingona was designated first as Municipal Treasurer and later as Municipal President of N abalas, Iloilo. In 1900 he studied in a nautical school and in 1903 he pursued the law course and then took the bar examinations and was admitted to practice law by the Supreme Court of the Islands in the year 1907. He engaged in private practice in Iloilo and Oriental Negros. During 1908 Mr. Guingona traveled extensively in Mindanao and Sulu in order to study the situation and condition of those islands which were then under the military government. Mr. Guingona was, in 1909, elected representative for the second district of Oriental N egros in the Second Philippine Legislature, and in 1912 he was reelected to the same post. When civil government was established in "Mindanao and Sulu in 1914, Mr. Guingona was one of the few bright young men who were selected to take part in the organization of that department of the Philippine government and to act as Provincial Governor of Agusan. In 1917, because of his creditable work, he was appointed Secretary of the Department of Mindanao and Sulu where he also acted as Department Governor. In 1920 Mr. Guingona was appointed Director of the Bureau of Non-Christian Tribes. In the following year, he was appointed Senator for the 12th senatorial district, composed of Mindanao and Sulu; he occupied this position until November, 1923, when he resigned on account of the 260

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES political crisis which occurred during the administration of Governor-General Wood. For seven years, since 1924, Mr. Guingona has been chief of the legal department of the firm Levy Hermanos, Inc., and at the same time attorney-in-fact of said company. In 1930 Mr. Guingona was designated Judge of the Court of First Instance and a year later he was appointed again Director of the Bureau of Non-Christian Tribes, which position he still holds at the present time. Kind and considerate, Judge Guingona gave out his message as representing his heart's desire: "My dream is to see Mindanao progressive and prosperous; with inhabitants who are completely assimiliated with the rest of the people of the country so that we ean have in the Philippines a truly homogeneous people, imbued with the same ideals and sentiments as any other race on earth. Then, I could say perhaps, in the end, that my work and my dream have not been cherished in vain." GUINTO, LEON G. Under-Secretary of the Department of the Interior and Lawyer. He ,w as born in Bacoor, Cavite, on June 8, 1886. His parents were active leaders during the Philippine Revolution. He obtained his education from San Juan de Letran College, Instituto Burgos, Escuela Normal de San Javier and the Escuela de Derecho where he received his LL. B., cum laude, in 1920. As the Provincial Governor of Tayabas, he was considered by both Governors General Dwight F. Davis and Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. as one of the best provincial governors in the Philippines. As Representative for the second district of Tayabas in the Seventh Legislature, he has presented the most number of bills approved by the Governor-General. On many occasions, as member of the cab路 261

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES inet, he showed administrative ability and executive diplomacy. His able supervision of the CommonlWealth elections and the election of delegates to the Constitutional Convention was praised by the then Governor Murphy and the political leaders of the country. VVhen governor of Tayabas he organized the League of Provincial Governors and was i he first president. The success of Under-Secretary Guinto lies in his true devotion to his work to which he dedicates his lieart and soul. He uses his public office as an instrument for the welfare of the people, because as a politician, as a governor or as a Secretary and leader, he has in his heart, first and foremost, the interest of the common masses. A. Lawyer, Journalist, and Orator. Mr. Gullas was born in Cebu, Cebu, on April 29, 1891, and educated in the Cebu Primary School, the San Carlos College, the Cebu Normal School, the Cebu High School, the Manila High School, and graduated from the University of the Philippines as Bachelor of Laws. He was elected Representative from Cebu in 1925, and reelected in 1928. An orator and once reporter of the Cablenews American, president of the U. P. Alumni Association, Chancellor of the Philippine Barrister, and Grand Noble of the Rizal Center Fraternity, he was the organizer and president of the Cebu Lawyer's League, and organizer and president of the Cebu League for the Acceptance of the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Law. In 1934 he was elected Delegate from the second district of Cebu to the Constitutional Convention. GULLAS, PAULINO

GUMBAN, DELFIN

Poet and Journalist. Mr. Gumban, born in Pavia, Iloilo, on December 25, 1890, obtained the degree of Ba262

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES chelor of Arts from the San Juan de Letran College, and the degree of Bachelor of Laws from La Jurisprudencia. He was member of the editorial staff of El Adalid, and managing editor of the same paper in 1917. Acclaimed as the Prince of Bisayan Poetry, he was editor of the Spanish journal, Nuevo Heraldo, and founder of the vernacular paper, Palahayagan. He was municipal president of Pavia, and later justice of the peace of Agusan, Mindanao, for eight years. He collected beautiful legends and stories of the Manobos of Mindanao and published them in the Philipvines Free Press in 1928 and 1929 under the title, Manobo Legends. In 1934, he was elected Delegate from Agusan to the Constitutional Convention. GUNNELL, DAVID G.

Businessman; Vice-President and Treasurer of the Philippine Educa~ion Co., Inc. He came to the Philippines on June 19, 1904, to become the principal of the Laoag, Ilocos Norte, high school. He also held the same position in the Bulacan High School. He lias been connected with the Philippine Education Company since 1911. Mr. Gunnell was born in Buenavista, Colorado, on November 19, 1881, a graduate fr0m the University of Oregon. He is a Mason and a Rotarian-"one to minister and not be ministered unto." GUTIERREZ, DIONISIO

Provincial Governor of Cotabato. Governor Gutierrez was born in Batangas, Batangas, on October 9, 1891, the son of Lucio Gutierrez and Fernanda Borbon. He is a product of the Philippine public schools, having finished his primary grades in 1906, and his intermediate grades in 1909. After his graduation from the high school in Manila in 1913, he entered the Constabulary Academy, now 263

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES the Military Academy, at Baguio, as Third Lieutenant in July, 1913, and graduated in October of the same year. He served in the Philippine Constabulary in the provinces of Bataan, Cavite, Laguna, and Cotabato; was promoted to Second Lieutenant on March 16, 1915; First Lieutenant on May 24, 1917; Captain on February 4, 19]9; Assistant Provincial Commander on May "5, 1919; Provincial Commander of Cotabato on August 1, 1919. Due to his efficient service, he was appointed Provincial Governor of Cotabato on July 1, 1922, and was designated Major in the Philippine Constabulary, now the Philippine Army, on December 15, 1927. Before his appointment as Governor of Cotabato where he has served since December, 1914, he was also Deputy Governor and Ex-Officio Justice of the Peace. Besides being Govern(!)r, he is also Military Provincial Commander of Cotabato Province. His philosophy of life consists in "To govern is to serve; live and let live; industry, honesty, truth and charity." GUTIERREZ DAVID, EDUARDO

Judge of the Court of First Instance, Thirteenth Judicial District, Tayabas and Marinduque. Lawyer and Newspaperman. Born in Bacolor, Pampanga, on December 10, 1875. He completed his law course at the University of Sto. Tomas in March, 1897. He !Was Justice of the Peace of Bacolor, Municipal Councilor of the same municipality, and later Provincial Fiscal of Pampanga from 1911 to 1912. He was also elected Deputy to the Philippine Assembly. On March 20, 1920, he was appointed Auxiliary Judge, and in 1922, promoted to the position of District Judge. GUTIERREZ DAVID, JOSE

Lawyer and Agriculturist of San Fernando, Pampanga. He enjoys the largest clientele in the province north of 264

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Manila; a self-made man who has been, in every sense of the word, a truly self-made leader. Born forty-four years ago in the municipality of Bacolor, province of Pampanga, Mr. Gutierrez was educated in the public schools, being one of the first graduates of the Pampanga High School. He studied law at the office of his brother, Judge Eduardo Gutierrez David, attended some lectures in a law college in Manila, and then took the bar examinations and was admitted by the Supreme Court to practice law in the Islands. One of his recent activities was in the most successful Pampanga Carnival, of which he was the DirectorGeneral. He was elected in 1934 Delegate to the Constitutional Convention. He is also one of the best known writers in Pampanga. He ;wrote poems and dramas which depict local life vividly. What has made him an outstanding figure in his lifecareer is his practice of that great saying of that immortal American lawyer, statesman and writer, Abraham Lincoln-HI will study and prepare, and then, perhaps, my chance will come." GUTIERREZ, SIMEON

Doctor of Divinity. Reverend Dr. Gutierrez is at present secretary in the Archdiocese of Manila of the Roman Catholic Church. He is also Director of the Colegio de Nifios Tiples de la Iglesia Catedral of Manila which has produced the most prominent composers and musicians, cantors and band conductors of these Islands. He has held this position for many years and is one of the outstanding priests of the Islands who devotes his everything to the service of God. 265

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES GUZMAN, ANTONIO

Agriculturist and Proprietor. Mr. Guzman was born in Enrile, Cagayan, on November 14, 1887, as the son of Vicente Guzman and Paula Garcia. Descended from an illustrious and prominent family of Cagayan, he studied under a private tutor, and then at the Ateneo de Manila where he received the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1906. He took up private study of law under his father, who was member of the Malolos Congress and the first lawyer of Cagayan. His brother, Pablo Guzman, was the first provincial governor of Cagayan and also the first deputy from Cagayan to the Philippine Assembly. Mr. Guzman was Justice of the Peace in his home town from 1912 to 1925, Representative from the second district of Cagayan, and Delegate to the Qionstitutional Convention from the second district of Cagayan in 1934. He is the present Chief of Staff of the Ninth Division of the Philippine Veterans Association in Cagayan. F. DE Lawyer. Born in Bauang, La Union, on July 15, 1882, and the son of Pelayo de Guzman and Graciana Floirendo, he tw as educated in the Liceo de Manila, Colegio Filipino, and the Academia de Leyes, holder of the degrees of Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Laws. He waS Representative from the fiftli district of Pangasinan from 1916 to 1919 and Senator from tlie second senatorial district from 1919 to 1925. He was elected in 1934 Delegate from the fifth district of Pangasinan to the Constitutional Convention. GUZMAN, BERNABE

GUZMAN, ESTEBAN DE

Businessman. Dealer in jewelry and precious stones, he is manager and proprietor of the Maxima Laperal de Guzman Jewelry and Diamond Store on Rizal Avenue. 266

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Born in Manila on August 3, 1871, be is the husband of Maxima Laperal. He studied during the Spanish time at the Escuela Normal and took a bookkeeping course, and attended the Instituto de Manila, and later the Escuela de Derecho de Manila where he obtained his Bachelor of Laws degree in 1907. What Mr. de Guzman did was to reorganize the business. He managed it in a modern way. Then a concrete building was erected. The store was advertised widely in order to have it known throughout the barrios and towns of the Islands. Mr. de Guzman is a member of Dapitan Lodge and of the Camara de Comercio de las Islas Filipinas. At one time Mr. E. de Guzman led the fight against taxing diamonds as he contended, "A diamond is not luxury but economy, a necessity, for it can be pawned to raise money for immediate uses. It becomes a family inheritance, and through the years that pass it increases in value. Thus the diamond is an investment." Speaking about his line he commented: "Honesty, intelligence, economy, activity-these spell success in business. The way to grow financially independent is to spend less than what you earn; not to the extent of false economy, but in a scientific way that conduces to your happiness and that of the family." GUZMAN, GoNZALO

Division Superintendent of Schools of Antique. Born on January 10, 1893, in the barrio of San Jose Malino, Mexico, Pampanga, his parents were Flaviano Guzman and Florencia Lara. He first attended a catechetical school under Mang Faustino before he entered the San Jose Malino Primary School. From the barrio school he transferred to the Mexi267

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES co Central School where he completed the primary grades and grades five and six. He was then called by Mr. J. W. Osborn, Principal of the Pampanga High School, to study in the high school. He completed the intermediate course in 1909 and the secondary course in 1913 at the Pampanga High School. Because he took solid geometry and advanced algebra (optionals) in the high school, he was offered, after graduation, to teach mathematics in the College of Agriculture, Los Banos, Laguna. While teaching in the college, he took the regular course leading to B.S.Agrl He was not able to finish his course in agriculture because in 1914 he was offered to teach gardening, science, and mathematics in the Bataan High School which was then at Orani, Bataan. He taught at the Bataan High School for seven years (1914-1920). He passed the senior teacher examination in 1917 with an average of 730/0. Because of his desire to take the division superintendent's examination, he had to transfer to Leyte in 1920 as a supervising teacher at the district of l\iaasin to give him the required administrative and supervisory experiences oefore a senior teacher eligible is allowed to take the division superintendent's examination. In 1923 he was transferred to the district of Ormoc, in the same division, composing Ormoc, Morida, and Albuera with more than one hundred teachers under him. In the same year he passed the division superintendent's examination with an average of 75.06 %. In 1924 he was transferred to Ilocos Norte as division academic supervisor. In 1930 he was transferred, in the same capacity, to Rizal. Both in Ilocos Norte and in Rizal he acted in place of the superintendent several times when the regular incumbent was on leave or out of the division. Before his appointment as acting division superintendent for Antique on March 16, 1935, he was sent to Tayabas 268

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES

to act in place of the superintendent who was on leave for two months. Mr. Guzman may be considered a self-made man in education. lIe took correspondence courses in English and education in the Home Study Department of the University of Chicago; he attended supervisory classes and conferences in Baguio; he attended summer classes in Baguio and Manila given by the U. P. where he completed all the professional and educational subjects, besides the other courses leading to E.S.E. He has been investing a great deal of nis income for educational books and professional magazines to keep him well informed of the present tendencies and changes in education. His philosophy may thus be stated: "Always do your best to succeed i~ whatever work, be it great or small, entrusted to you. Don't forget to use your common sense in connection with hat you think and do. "You must have an ambition. Work religiously and constantly to realize your ambition. Be not easily satisfied with what you have so far achieved but keep yourself always on the go to a,t tain the apex of that ambition." HACBANG, SOFRONIO

Bishop of Calbayog, Samar. Reverend ' Hachang is one of the few Filipino bishops of the Philippine Islands. His diocese is composed of the islands of Samar and Leyte. He has well dedicated his life to the service of God and of humanity. HADJI BUTU

One of the first Senators appointed to the Philippine Legislature in 1916. He was born in Jolo in 1865, a descendant of Mantri Asip, grand minister of Rajah Baginda, first Malayan prince to govern Sulu. Sometimes they call him the "brain of Jolo." He is a student of the Koran. 269

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES He has gone to Mecca in company with the Sultan of Sulu. He helped Governor Frank W. Carpenter in establishing peace in Mindanao and Sulu. Later he was appointed by Governor Wood in 1904 assistant to the Moro Governor; chief of Pangutaran in 1904; deputy governor of Sulu, 1915; and Senator for the Twelfth Senatorial District in 1916. This Ex-Senator has also occupied other government jobs and is considered one of the great Moro leaders in the Philippine Islands: F. C. Vice-President, Norton & Harrison Company. Member of the Casino Espafiol, the University Club, and the Elks Club. He was born in Singapore on July 2, 1879, and was educated at the Raffles College. He arrived in the Islands when he was just twenty years old, and became one of the pioneer busines!,men in the Philippines. HAGEDORN,

L. Business Executive. Vice-President and Assistant General Manager of the Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company. Member of the Episcopal Church, the Rotary Club, the Wack Wack, the Manila Golf, and the Y. M. C. A. He was born on November 26, 1888, in San Francisco, California. He took up the extension courses of study in the universities of his native state. He came to Manila on December 11, 1916. He is a Rotarian, trying to serve best in order to profit most. HALL, THEO.

HALSEMA, EUSEBIUS JULIUS

Engineer and former Mayor of Baguio. "The King of Baguio," was the unofficial title given to E. J. Halsema as Mayor of the City of Baguio. He was appointed to the position in February, 1920, while still with the Bureau of Public Works as District Engineer. 270

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Eusebius Julius Halsema was born on December 12, 1881, in New Bremen, Ohio, U. S. A., son of John and Veronica (Duetmers) Halsema. After obtaining his grammar and high school education, he attended the Ohio State University for one year and then was accountant and assistant cashier of Boesel's Bank (now the First National Bank) of New Bremen, Ohio, 1900-1903. Returning to the Ohio State University, he was awarded his degree in civil engineering in 1907, worked as assistant engineer in 1907, then as assistant engineer for the Union Pacific Railroad in 1907, and later in that year formed the firm of Kistler & Halsema in Los Angeles, California. As mayor and engineer of the world famous mountain health resort of the Philippines, Mr. Halsema was placed in a unique positiQP in instituting in the city a combination of the Congressional Administration of Washington, D.C., the City Manager, and the Commission Form of Government in vogue in the United States. He was responsible for the construction and maintenance of all roads in Baguio and Benguet and also in the construction and operation of hydroelectric, waterworks, telephone and other public utilities in Baguio. With his great executive ability, he carried to completion many important public works and city projects of which Baguio now proudly boasts. A "bigger and better Baguio!" was Mr. Halsema's ideal of service for the Pines City. The slogan of his administration was 'Watch the Pesos." He made the people who went for a vacation to that city stay there all the year round, supplied them with plenty of water and power, thereby doubling the city's income. In fact, Baguio has, during Mr. Halsema's efficient administration, become the recreation center of the PQor as well as of the rich, a place where there existed no favoritism in the treatment of the city's population, and where private 271

ENCYCLOPEDiA OF THE PHILIPPINES properties have tripled in number. Official records show there was not a single death in the city in 1931. Mr. Halsema, has spent one-half of his life in the Philippines where he has rendered and is still rendering constructive service to the Government and people of the Islands. Arriving here in September, 1908, as an engineer of the Bureau of Public Works, he has since been in that branch of the public service except during the World War period, July, 1918, to March, 1919, when he was a Captain of Engineers, U. S. Army. From March to October, 1919, he was District Manager and District Engineer of the N ationa} Coal Co. of Malangas, Zamboanga. He was assistant engineer in charge of the Osmeiia waterworks construction in Cebu, 1911-1912, where he designed the conical arch dam which features that project. As a government engineer he has VIsited virtually every island and province of the Archipelago. On July 10, 1936, he retired as Mayor of Baguio to become a member of Malacaiiang staff.

R. President of the Union Theological Seminary. Mr. Hamilton was born in Lebanon, Indiana, U.S.A., on June 18, 1872. He is the son of the Rev. Dr. Samuel L. Hamilton and Elizabeth S. Hamilton. He attended the Lewis Academy in Wichita, Kansas, 1886-1889; College of Emporia in Emporia, Kansas, 1889-1891; Hanover College in Hanover, Indiana, 1891-1893, B.A.; McCormick Theological Seminary in Chicago, Illinois, 1893-1896; Hanover College, 1896, M.A.; Hanover College 1913, D.D.; and Princeton University Graduate School and Princeton Theological Seminary, 1922, M.Th. He was Pastor of the First Presbyterian Church in Manchester, Iowa, 1896-1899; Pastor of the Kenmor Presbyterian Church in Buffalo, New York, 1899-1907; Missionary to the Philippines under the PresHAMILTON, CHARLES

272

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES byterian Board of Foreign Missions, 1907; stationed in Pagsanjan, Santa Cruz, Los Banos, Laguna, 1907-1929; Acting President of the Silliman Institute (now Silliman University) in Dumaguete, Negros Oriental, 1929-1932; Moderator of the Presbyterian Synod of the Philippines, 1920; Commissioner to the General Assembly, Presbyterian Church, in U.S.A., 1899; Delegate from the Philippine Presbyterian Mission to the General Assembly, Presbyterian Church, in the United States, 1935; and Editor of the Philippine Presbyteriam in 1915-1926. Dr. Hamilton has been the President of the Union Theological Seminary in Manila since 1932, and Contributing Editor to the Philippine Social Science since 1933, and The Adva1'bCe since 1934. His philosophy of life is: "Trust God and do your best in a service for God and Man in an effort to bring the Kingdom of Heaven on EartH" HAMME, WILLIAM RoCKFORD

Division Superintendent of Schools of Negros Oriental. He was born in York County, Pennsylvania, on January 20, 1887. He studied in the Glenville Academy, Pa., 1900-1904; York County Normal School, Pa., 1907-1909; Midland College, Nebraska, 1916; and St. Benedict's College, Kansas, where he obtained the A. B. degree in 1926. Mr. Hamme joined the Bureau of Education in 1911 and became division superintendent of schools in 1919. He had been a superintendent in Iloilo, Cebu, N egros Occidental, Capiz and Bulacan before he was assigned to Negros Oriental. Mrs. Hamme and he travelled in India, Egypt, Japan, China, Malay Peninsula, Italy, Palestine, England, Switzerland, Belgium, Germany and France. 273

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES HANSEN, HARALD

Manager of the P. 1. Nestle & Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company. Mr. Hansen was born in Odense, Denmark, on April 3, 1894. He attended commercial schools in his native country. Before coming to the Philippines, he has resided for 14 years in Japan. Mr. Hansen is member of the Rotary Club, Manila Golf Club, Polo Club, and Baguio Golf and Country Club. HARDEN, FRED M.

Manager and Proprietor of one of the most modern restaurants in Manila, the Plaza Lunch, and representative of various foreign tobacco companies, Fred M. Harden is a retiring but conspicuous figure in the restaurant industry in the Philippines. Many years ago he was nobody. But now he is somebody. Perhaps Fate was much kindlier to him than to other "old-timers." But while others slept he worked; while others idled, he was busy, believing firmly that it is through hard work that we can realize our life aim. Possessing health, the foundation of an achievements, he worked early and late with patience and determination to be somebody-never a square peg in a round hole. As the years rolled on his venture prospered. The Plaza Lunch was the result. It is the rendezvous of businessmen, leading men, men of all creeds and climes-"the only place in the Orient." Fred M. Harden's accomplishment conveys to us the lesson that what man has done man can do, provided he has character which is the crown of life. 274

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES HARRISON, FRANCIS BURTON

Technical Adviser to the Commonwealth Government of the Philippines; American Administrator. He was born in New York City in December, 1873. He obtained his A. B. from the Yale University, and his LL. B. from New York School of Law in 1897. The following year he was admitted into the bar. He taught in the night law school of the University of New York from 1897 to 1899. From June, 1898, to January 31, 1899, he was captain and adjutant general of the U. S. Volunteers to the Spanish American War. He represented the 13th district of New York in the 58th (1903-1905), 60th, 61st, and 62nd Congresses (1907-1913), and the 16th district, in the 63rd Congress (1913-1915). Without being able to finish his last term, he left Congress to become Governor General of the Philippines. As Governor, Mr. Harrison was the tireless spokesman for complete independence of the Philippines, and he spared no effort in winning the good will and confidence of the Filipino people. He served in this capacity until 1921 when he chose to retire to private life. The Philippines next heard of former Governor Harrison in November, 1935, when he returned to the Islands to witness the inaugural ceremonies of the Commonwealth. Ever willing to help in the realization of his dream of an independent Philippines, Mr. Harrison, still a hearty and healthy old man, has consented to stay in the Philippines to serve as technical adviser to the new government. HARTENDORP, ABRAM VAN HEYNINGEN

Writer, Journalist, Literatteur. He was born in Haarlem, Holland, on September 3, 1893. At an early age, he went with his parents to America. He is a product of the University of Colorado. An American citizen, he came to 275

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES the Islands as a teacher under contract with the Bureau of Education in 1917. He was a high school teacher in Cuyo, Palawan, 1917-1918; supervising teacher, Borongan district, Samar, 1918-1919; supervising teacher, Sibugney Bay, Zamboanga, 1919-1920. Later on he became associate editor and later editor of the Manila Times, 19201923. He is now the Editor and Proprietor of the Philippine Magazine (since 1925). At various times, he has taught in the Liceo de Manila, University of Manila, Santo Tomas University and University of the Philippines. Member of the Gridiron Club and other musical clubs, Mr. Hartendorp is one of the authorities in English Philippine Literature. and one of the Island's ablest editors. M. Engineer and Businessman. He is the owner of the engineering firm bearing his nalme. He was born on November 10, 1889, in San Francisco, California. He got his early education from the public schools in his native city. He then entered the Belmont Military Academy, and graduated from the California School of Mechanical Arts. He first came to the Philippines in 1917, and afterwards joined the Pacific Commercial Company, as head of the engineering and machinery department. In 1922, he organized his own firm and in 1930 published his Philippine Machinery J oU'NWIl. . Mr. Hausman is the Vice President of the Rotary Club. He is a Mason and member of the Elks, the Polo, the Baguio Country and the Yacht clubs and officer of other technical organizations. HAUSMAN, LOUIS

HAU'SSERMANN, JOHN WILLIAM

Corporation Executive and Lawyer. The leading factor in the mining industry, Judge John William Haussermann is the soul of the two greatest gold mining cor276

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES porations in the Philippine Islands; namely, the Benguet Consolidated Mining Co., Inc., and the Balatoc Mining Co., Inc., of which he is the President and the General Manager. His devotion to public duty as well as to the people's trust is an inspiration to everyone. This is the man whose vision, clear and far-reaching, and whose leadership, sure and sincere, command our deepest respect, our highest esteem, our noblest sympathy. A silent builder of the material growth of the country, everything which he does seems, as it were, to turn into gold; because his actions are characterized by a: sincerity of purpose that brooks neither doubt nor defeat; because through his foresight he has brought to a successful fruition the bigges~ industry of the Islands. Thus by doing his best to promote the business welfare of this country, Judge Hausserm~nn has become, in his life's chosen work, not only a builder of the economic progress, but also of the cultural advancement of the present Philippines. Any day, early or late, one can find this pioneer at his office, in the National City Bank Building, busy, bespectacled, working, working. His office looks simple enough, but its atmosphere is healthy, inviting, and its aspect severely artistic. His eyes, his gray hair, his voice, nay, his very actions, make one feel at home and share with him his lofty thoughts. For many years he has been the president and general manager of the Benguet Consolidated Mining Company. He also occupies the same position in the Balatoc Mining Company. Judge Haussermann is a lawyer and was Judge Advocate and Assistant Attorney General of the Philippines. An old timer of the Isles and a veteran of the SpanishAmerican War, he was born on December 14, 1867, in 277

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Clermont County, Ohio, U. S. A., the son of Louis C. and Dorothy (Traub) Haussermann. Mr. Haussermann was a graduate of the University of Cincinnati in 1889. He practised law in Kansas and came to the Islands with the 20th Kansas Volunteers in 1898. In 1900 he became City Attorney of Manila. He engaged in private practice until 1915 when he devoted his entire time to his commercial and mining interests. Judge Haussermann is an extemporaneous speaker and a wide reader. With an office in New York City he spent several years in the United States where he delivered speeches and lectures all over the Union in order to get the people of America acquainted with the true existing facts and conditions and the real progress and prosperity of the Islands. As a lawyer, Judge Haussermann stands very high in the legal profession. In fact, many a time his counsel has been sought on complicated matters pertaining to corporation and mining laws. It was in 1927 when Judge Haussermann was elected President of the Balatoc Mining Co., now controlled by the Benguet Consolidated Mining Co. Since then the progress of the company has been the steady admiration of everybody. A member of the board of directors of the PhilippineAmerican Drug Co., Manila Hume Pipe & Tile Co., Peoples Bank & Trust Co., Peoples Bank & Investment Co., American Chamber of Commerce and United States Chamber of Commerce, national council, this engaging figure, Judge Haussermann, is also a member of the Masons, Knights Templar, Shrine, Elks, Modern Woodmen of America; Court of Honor, Military Order of Carabao; SpanishAmerican War and Veterans of Foreign Wars; Army & Navy Club, Rotary Club, University Club, Baguio Country 278

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES Club, Manila Club and Manila Polo Club; American Bar Association, Philippine Chamber of Commerce, and president, Baguio Chamber of Commerce. There are only two kinds of men in this world. They are the Thinker and the Doer. When one possesses the happy combination of these human traits, he is hailed as a Leader. Both a thinker and a doer, Judge Haussermann is, in fine, a leader. His eloquent silence seems to say-Man is but the sum of all his endeavors. Such finds expression in that very fine passage in the Holy Bible: "When the Son of Man shall come in his glory and all the holy angels with him, then shall he sit upon the throne of this glory . . . and say, Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of t hese my brethren, ye have done it unto me." "The masterword of life," according to Mr. Haussermann, the most colorful figure in the Islands' Business Book, "is Labor"-labor in order to be somebody and be of service to humanity, as Longfellow has it: "In the world's broad field of battle, In the bivouac of Life, Be not like dumb, driven cattle! Be a hero in the strife!"

S. R. President, Hamilton Brown Shoe Store, Escolta, Manila. A native of Missouri, he had his education from the public schools in his home city, St. Louis. He came to the Philippines in August, 1919. He is Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of the Philippines; member of the Scottish Rite Bodies, York Rite Bodies; Elks Club, Army and Navy Club, University Club, Manila Yacht Club, Wack Wack Golf & Country Club, BaHAWTHORNE,

279

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES guio Country Club, and Rotary Club. This Mason finds happiness in working, loving and serving. HAYDEN, JOSEPH RALSTON

Former Vice-Governor General of the Philippines; Scholar and Educator. He was born on September 24, 1887, in Quincey, Illinois, the son of Philip Cady and Mary Neely (Ralston) Hayden. In 1910, he graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree from Knox College, Illinois, and in 1911 he got his M.A. degree from the University of Michigan. From 1912 to 1914 he was instructor in political science, and in the following year he worked for his Ph.D. degree. From 1924 to 1933, he was professor in political science at Ann Arbor, and was, during the period from 1922 to 1923 exchange professor to the University of the Philippines, and visiting professor of the same institution in 1930-1931. In 1933 Mr. Hayden was appointed Vice-Governor General of the Philippines. When on some occasions, Governor Murphy left the Philippines for a series of conferences with the President of the United States, Vice Governor Hayden ably steered the Philippine Government as its Acting Chief Executive. Mr. Hayden is also a writer, an educator and a political scientist. T. G. Bishop of Cagayan. Son of John Hayes and Elizabeth Gibbons. He was born in New York City on February 11, 1889. He graduated from St. Francis Xavier College in New York City, and from Woodstock College, Maryland, in 1923, and took special studies in Tronchiennes, Belgium. He became Professor of Regis High School, New York; Boston College, Boston, Mass.; and Dean of Discipline, Fordham University, New York. He was made Superior HAYES, JAMES

280

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES of Jesuits of Mindanao from 1927 to 1930, and Superior of Jesuits of the Philippines from 1930 to 1933. In 1933 he was appointed Bishop of Cagayan. His philosophy of life is the following: "To win Heaven for myself and to lead the Filipinos to God." Men who plant flowers of faith in the hearts of men, women and children shall, when their labor is over, reap a harvest grand and glorious. HAYNES, ALBERT

Division Superintendent of Schools of Bohol. Son of John Haynes and Emma Haynes. He was born in Jonesboro, Tennessee, January 30, 1887, a.nd conferred A.B. degree by Maryville College, Tennessee, in 1913, and M.A. degree by the University of Oklahoma in 1923. He was principal of High Schools at Fall Branch, Tennessee; Forth Foot, Md.; Perry, Oklahoma; Laoag, Ilocos Norte; Iloilo, Iloilo; Tacloban, Leyte. Later he was appointed Superintendent of Misamis and Bohol. His philosophy of life is: "To do the tasks that fall to one's lot each day honestly and trust others to do the same." L. Businessman; Vice President and General Manager of the Philippine Button Corporation. Mason, Shriner, and Elk, Capt. Headington was born in Mount Vernon, Ohio, on March 29, 1879. He obtained his education from the Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio, and from the Eastman Business Institute in Poughkeepsie, New York. He enlisted in the U. S. Army Signal Corps, and came to the Philippine shores as a soldier on June 26, 1899. Twice decorated for bravery, he was connected from 1902 to 1915 with the Bureau of Civil Service. From 1918 to 1922, he served successively as treasurer of the Manila Trading & HEADINGTON, JOHN

281

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Supply Co., Yangco, Rosenstock & Co., and the San Juan Heights Co. He is now the manager of the Philippine Button Corporation.

V. Doctor of Medicine and President, Hechanova & Co., Inc., Ilo.ilo. Born in J aro, Iloilo, on December 21, 1898, he obtained his early education from his native town; attended the Ateneo de Manila where he received his A.B. degree, 1918, and the University of Sto. Tomas where he received his M.D. degree, 1924. Although not a politician by nature, he has been elected municipal councilor of J aro for the fourth term. He has an extensive business enterprise, being general manager and secretary-treasurer of the N egros Navigation Co., Inc., since 1932; president and chief stockholder of the Hechanova & Co. Inc.; president of the Jaro Express, Inc., and director of the Securities & Investment Corporation of Talisay, Oriental N egros; also works on sugar cane land in Iloilo, Negros, and Capiz. He was president of the Philippine Chamber of Commerce of Iloilo. Member of the Knights of Columbus, he was the first president of Kahirup in Manila. HECHANOVA, MANUEL

HEFFINGTON, JOHN J.

Ex-Provincial Governor of Lanao. Son-of R. T. and M. A. IJeffington. He was born in Memphis Junction, Kentucky, U. S. A., on October 11, 1869. He was raised on a farm in Kentucky, and later he became a teacher and principal. He came to the Philippines in 1904 and served the Bureau of Education in various cap,acities, from Supervising Teacher to High School Principal. Designated as Division Superintendent, and Department Superintendent of Schools for Mindanao and Sulu, he later became Division Superintendent of Cebu and lastly Provincial Govern282

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES or of Lanao, from October, 1927, to November, 1935. He retired from government service recently. His philosophy of life is the following: "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you."

P. Proprietor and President of the J. P. Heilbronn Co., the biggest paper dealers in the Philippine Islands. Mr. Heilbronn descended from poor but honest and hardworking parents. He was born in a small town near Wiesbaden, Germany, and it was in vViesbaden where he obtained his first education. At the age of fifteen he left school and went to work earnestly. Such started his practical education in the printing and paper business in Wiesbaden, Breslau and Berlin, Germany. But the call of adventure was in young Heilbronn's heart. As his 1;lrother and sister were already in the United States, there he went too. He secured a place with J. E. Linde & Co. in New York for a year, moved to Chicago and worked for Bradner, Smith & Co., and then went to the Pacific Coast and engaged in paper manufacturing with the Willamette Paper Co. of Oregon. When he was at San Francisco, he joined the first expedition of volunteers to the Philippine Islands under Col. James Smith, who became a Governor-General of the Islands. Mr. Heilbronn was identified with the seizure of Guam and with the establishment of peace and order in the early days of American occupation of the Islands. Mr. Heilbronn's line was always in paper. In Manila he worked on paper and supplied the government with paper. After working with Schmidt & Ziegler for six years, he started his own paper business on July 1, 1909, establishing the J. P. Heilbronn Co., which has grown and become the leading paper company not only in the Philippines, but in the wliole Orient. HEILBRONN, JOSEPH

283

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES Aside from his own business, Mr. Heilbronn was once the president of the Philippine American Drug Co., and director of the Philippine National Bank, and is connected with other big commercial enterprises in the Islands. Conservative, foresighted, charitable, energetic, he is a moving spirit in the Philippines, a leader in the paper business-the life of many a club and other organizations. Mr. Heilbronn has spent the best years of his life in the Islands, and says, "Hard work alone achieves worth while things. Do the task of the day to the best of your ability without complaining. This will make anybody successful." During the past crisis and world depression, when many felt like giving up for lack of courage to go on with the hard times the old timers turned to the colorful life of Mr. Heilbronn so as to draw from it fresh, unbounded inspiration. HERMOSO, VICENTE

Businessman and Managing Partner of the firm, Hermoso Brothers, at Meycawayan, Bulacan, and President of the Board of Directors of the Meycawayan Institute. He was born in Meycawayan, Bulacan, on January 20, 1895. The son of poor parents, Mr. Hermoso rose from a humble tanner in his home town to the most successful tannery owner in the Islands. . He was educated at the University of the Philippines, obtaining the degree of Bachelor of Science in Commerce. He is married and has a residence in his home town where the biggest tanners or leather producers in the Philippines are located. Mr. Hermoso, a pioneer in modern methods of tanning, is an advocate of the development of home industry. He was a member of the municipal council of Meycawayan and vice-president of the Footwear Association of Manila. 284

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES That a real worker can make his mark in the world and lead in home industry is illustrated vividly by the life of the owners of the pioneer modern leather factory in the Islands, the Hermoso Brothers tanning factory. "The difference between one man and another-between the weak and powerful, the great and the insignificant," Mr. Hermoso remarked, "is energy-invincible determination-a purpose once formed, and then death or victory, because determination is the lever of victory."

C. Assemblyman from the Second District of N egros Occidental and Agriculturist. He was born in Talisay, Negros Occidental, on December 12, 1899. He studied in the public school of Talisay, Negros Occidental, Colegio de San Juan de Letran, Manila; Escuela de Derecho, Manila, Bachelor of Laws. rhf public positions he held are Councilor of Talisay, N egros Occidental, and Delegate to the Constitutional Assembly, 1934-1935. In 1935 he was elected member of the first Philippine National Assembly under the Commonwealth. HERNAEZ, PEDRO

HERNANDEZ, GABRIEL K.

Provincial Governor of Capiz. The son of Jose Hernandez and Josefa Acuna, he was born in Capiz, Capiz, on September 5, 1904. He finished his primary, elementary and secondary education in the public schools and obtained his A.A. and LL.B. degree from the Philippine Law School, National University. He took the bar examination~ in 1930. Soon thereafter, he was appointed Councilor of Capiz, Capiz, and elected Councilor in the same municipality in 1931. He was elected in 1934 Governor of Capiz at the age of 28, being at present the youngest of provincial executives. His philosophy of life is Service. 285

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES HERNANDEZ, JAIME

Auditor General; Lawyer and Accountant. "Jaime Hernandez's elevation to the highest post available to a Filipino in the Bureau of Audits where he has worked since 1912 at once signalizes a sound bureaucratic policy and the growing genuineness of our democracy . . . He is the proverbial poor boy who made good, a lad who might have stepped out from one of the books of Horatio Alger," said an editorial of the Philippines Herald on July 28, 1931. He was appointed, after twenty years of faithful, efficient service, as Deputy Insular A.uditor of the Philippine Islands by President Hoover on July 23, 1931. In 1935 he was appointed Auditor General of the Philippines. Born in Librnanan, Camarines Sur, on July 7, 1892, Mr. Hernandez is the son of poor parents; his father was one of those who suffered death at the hands of the Spaniards in 1896. Educated in his home town and then in the high school of Naga, he took and passed the second grade civil service while he was a second year student; and in June, 1911, he found himself at the Bureau of Audits, where Mr. Paciano Dizon had begun working two years ahead of him. Continuing his studies in Manila, he e~rolled in the Philippine School of Commerce and studied bookkeeping and stenography; after passing the bookkeeper's examination, he was appointed deputy district auditor for Capiz; in 1916 he was made district auditor for Albay, then Cebu, and later Pangasinan, until 1922, when he was called to Manila and assigned as assistant manager of the department of railroads and industries. In 1925 he became assistant manager of the department of provincial and municipal audits of which he was later made manager. And 286

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES when Mr. Dizon was made Comptroller of the Manila Railroad Company, it did not take Mr. Hammond, the Insular Auaitor, long to find the right man to fill the right place. Mr. Hernandez studied law during spare hours and took his examinations in 1926, one of the highest in grades. Besides being a lawyer and professor of law, he is also a C.P.A.; president of the Government Auditors Association and president of the Bicol Association. One characteristic of Mr. Hernandez is that he is a man of great perseverance-patient, active and always doing his best-for he believes in preparedness; in actions, not words. As a boy he was very fond of figures. He always stood ahead of his class in mathematics. This trait carried him to the top of his profession. As one who leads and one who does things which only very few could do, he said in his magnetic way, "One should always strive to do his best-never thinking of the cost-always doing his duty efficiently." And that is why after clerking for twenty-six years and sticking to his job by doing his best, he has risen to the highest position his bureau and the government could bestow him-Auditor General of the Philippines. HERNANDEZ, JUAN

Composer, Music Teacher, Conductor, Writer of many beautiful sets of waltzes and several operettas, songs and kundimans, and other instrumental pieces. He is a professor in Theory and Composition in the University of the Philippines, the same institution where he graduated and obtained the degree of Bachelor of Music. The famous zarzuelas he wrote are: Minda, Lukso ng Dugo, and Ang P'llSO

ng [.sang Filipina. 287

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES

C. Business Executive and Attorney-at-Law. Manager of the A. C. Ransom Philippine Corporation, dealers on inks and printers' supplies. Self-made and active, Mr. Hernandez was born at Paraiiaque, Rizal, on June 2, 1898, the son of Jacinto Hernandez and Maria Cornelio. He married Rosario Cruz in 1917. He is a member of Muog Lodge, No. 89, F. & A. M. As a stenographer, Mr. Hernandez made his way through the University of the Philippines. He received his A.A. degree in 1924, and his LL.B. degree in 1929 and was admitted to the Philippine ba.r in 1929. He was a; second lieutenant in the Philippine National Guard. "I have been in business since 1917," remarked Mr. Hernandez, "and I supported myself through college. I worked by day and studied at night. It was hard, but, as I was determined, I overcame the difficulties and at last I finished." And due to his wide business experience he was made the Far Eastern Manager of the New York firm, Ault & Wiborg Company, manufacturers of printing inks and dealers in printing and lithographic machinery and paper. Later on, Mr. Hernandez joined the A. C. Ransom Philippine Corporation, also paper dealers, as partner and manager. When interviewed in his office, he attributed his wonderful career from stenographer to lawyer and manager, to "Honesty--square dealing. Treat customers right and they will come and stay," he said. "Service, good service -it is the key to any lasting achievement." HERNANDEZ, MAXIMO

S. Educator and President Emeritus of the Silliman Institute (now Silliman University) on the island of Negros. HIBBARD, DAVID

288

BUILDERS OF THE NEW PHILIPPINES The son of William Sutherland and Eliza McFarland (Gault) Hibbard, Dr. Hibbard was born in Hamden, Ohio, on October 31, 1868. He studied at the College of Emporia, Kansas, 1893, where he received his A.B., and then at Princeton University, where he obtained his M.A. in 1895. The following year he graduated from the Princeton Theological Seminary. He entered the Hanover (Ind.) College in 1910, where he was awarded nis Ph.D. degree, and his D.D. degree in Emporia (Kan.) College in 1914. He married Laura Carthara Crooks in 1897, was ordained presbyterian minister in 1896, servej as pastor in Lyndon, Kansas, 1896-1897, and later did evangelistic work, arriving at Manila, Philippines, in 1899. He went to Iloilo and afterwards heca,.me president of the Silliman Institute, at Dumaguete, Orie~tal Negros, in 1901. Dr. Hibbard was delegate to the American Missionary Conference in Edinburgh in 19]1 and to the Presbyterian General Assembly in 1905. He is the author of Making A Nation, and The First Quarter. As a clergyman, educator and speaker, Dr. Hibbard is a man who speaks with authority; to come in contact with him is to be attracted to him. His is a personality that ennobles, enlightens, and leads. Was it not largely his inspiring personality which made Silliman Institute what it is today-a great educational institution famous for the good Christians which it turns out, men who can be relied upon, good, truthful and serviceable? Dr. Hibbard, the living picture of inspiring leadership in evangelistic and educational service, is an example of thought, service, sympathy-a friend to everybody. His one motive in life is "To Serve," as he has come not to be ministered unto but to minister, believing with the Master that the greatest chief must be the servant of all! 289

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE PHILIPPINES HIDALGO-LIM, PILAR

Social Worker, Woman Leader, and President of the National Federation of Women's Clubs. She was born in Boac, Marinduque, on May 24, 1893. She got her early school training from the public schools in Manila. After finishing the high school, she enrolled in the College of Liberal Arts of the University of the Philippines, finishing her B.A. in 1913. From 1910 to 1911, she taught English in the Centro Escolar University, and in 1917, was appointed instructor in mathematics in the University of the Philippines. She is the husband of Lt.-Col. Vicente Lim. Mrs: Lim went to the United States in 1926. She is a prominent figure in social welfare activities. HIGDON, ELMER KELSO

Assist. Head, Union Theological Seminary; Pastor, Editor. The son o~ B. F. Higdo and Mary Jane Higdon, he was born in Clarence, Illinois, U. S. A., on October 14, 1887. He began his studies in the grade s,chools of rural Illinois, and then in the Preparatory Department of Eureka College, in 1915; M.A., Yale University in 1917, and B.D., University of Chicago in 1930. From 1895 to 1907, he farmed in Illinois, and from 1907 to 1908 he taught in rural schools. The years 1908 to 1917 were spent in secondary, college and university education. He also served as student pastor of three churches, sold books during two summers and trained other students in salesmanship. The years 1917 to 1919 were spent in Vigan, Ilocos Sur, as principal of the Bible Training School, Supervisor of field work, and on faculty of Nurses Training School of Philippine Christian Institute, (Christian Hospital). From 1919 to 1923 he was Head of the Union Theological Seminary and Pastor of Taft A venue Church; 1923 to 1924, student at the University of Chicago; delegate from the 290