EQ_B018-F04 - ARMED FORCES OF THE PHILIPPINES (1950) by Filipiniana Online

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urrot ALrnEDO 8. TILAAT rr8 atrtaltcdvtib ftr Vtca pfesl&[t rad lrter prt|ddrnt o( thc Fhiltpplnrg lron Iur, lelS, to truly 196Orsbm bl 1Nttlor tln ltnlt atfrrtce to tnh W tb elu$ry Advraor oorrs. la Tnr l!fintrt

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fort Eeunlng,Ccorgl& Dustry all tbr ttsc ot hla driall, ht rcn&rcd aost lrtthfal md srthfrniory lrryloo.. Wcrr tbc srticr to ernluntehla errvlolr, !r sqld rmbor*b?hgtygfrr hiur Lb rr$n$ cl snprlor. Vory tndy tctrs,

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MADAUffiTENS

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Orncr or rg Cnrn or Srrlrr E]INE'IITS Glr,fli TO m{iIS?F,D }. }t $rilcE r,r,v it.lV{lo{.,'C::n 1

inr:reaged

a. b. or

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allowance

r.i:lde!' nir

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U,onthly altror';ance ilcreased f:.or:: i-i.OC to i10.00 Initial clothing nJ 1owallce ircnr f45.CC "bo i?5.00 1'.'diticnal clct;'r.lng allowance of reeril"isUnerrt if t " : o : i : o i 1 r : i . sl r c i r , c l a i e o f d j . s e h a r g e f 2 C . 0 0

Deal:h gratuity ulttr J-th e rates e.

clothin6

:r nonth wi.,,:trirr

of f3,000.00 a.nddisability pension in aocor,r:ancâ&#x201A;Ź indicsted, pr,,1 ItA iF 610.00!

I f er i r l r r i i i l e t l i e d i s a b i l i t y is f3.tad ?E per osntum the northly Fe:lsion shall ba ?30.00 I and rnhile the clisaLili! is ratrd SQ prr r-,ertra"i 'cp 'l,e nonthlS' lIO.fO :rensicrl sha-1 lf an{rC'i'le li}re .J.isahili\r ie r+tt.<i 60 I.er- "cntr_r'n t h e n o n t h l ; , i i o n s i o n s h c 1 , 1l e i 6 C " O 0 If a:ad ,l.hile the disabili{' fe rated ?O per r:ent.rur the Jrrorthly pension sha1l 1-.e??0"0C if anil ffhi16 t?rfr cl.isability- is rated 80 per ceitun the nonthly irension shal"l be PBO.C]O If sncl ',rhile the disability is r.ted iC ;,,,r -:eriturr the rnonth11. pe::siol sha11 he ?.90.O0 If and while the dieability is rs_ted tota1, th6 nanthh; p a n s i o n s h a l 1 b e P 1 0 0 " 0 0 , u - I r I e s eo t h e n l , i s e p r c v i d e d l n t h e s u c e e e d i n . gp a r a g r a p b s . I f t l , e d i s a b l " a p " " o " t t , a s t h e r e s u l t c , f s e n i c e - j . nc r - r r r e r l tiisal"rility, l:as suffered the anatonieal loss or the loss of use cf on1. one \end./"r one fnot, or tfi;rdness cf one eye, ?ravir.g o Lj,, lj.Lht perceptior:, tite yete cf the:c,nsior, ulder the foregoii.:g paragral,hs 6hal.1 i,re incrensed lt- :gA"Cl tter nonth. af the disabled pereon, :rs the rr-Jsr-llt r:f _inc urred se r.nric;e dtsability, s u f f e _ r e d t h e a n a t o m i c a i loss or the loss $as of use of both h5md6, or of both feet, or of one hancl e,rid one foot, the rato of pehsron jnier ure foreloina l,aregra.phs -iliaLl be rirrcresi"ed brv f40.00 per nonthr

i . J . d i t i o n a L s u L , s i s . t e n c ee l l o w c n c a o " . 1 1 . O O p e r i u d E e t D i r e c t i v e CSIIDnakirr; a total of ??.O0 per nan per da1,

Yarrgnt Officer

5rade for deservinE ltrtOrs.

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EEADQUARTERS GENEN.A,I FONSES OF T'ts PHIL]PP AN{ED ' Canp Uulphyr quezon CttY

or'FrcEAc 0r I, G-2

L7 Deeenber 195L"". -f

MEM0BAND{JM forThe Secretary

of Fatlonal

AttaeheC. ls..the orlglnal

Defense copy of the eonfesslon

per your requâ&#x201A;Źst. of J. LANSASG to the fact that thls slon of the MIS.

Attentlon

ls lnvlted

1s the only copy ln the posses-

A photoEtatle

copy has been retalned.

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17 Decenbcr 19fl I{EH0RANDU|{ forThe S6cr6t&ry of ltatlonrl Attaoboi

ls the orlgtnal

D*fontc soFy of thâ&#x201A;Ź confelsi.on,

of J. l,Alg8At{oper }our "6Questr to tho faat

that

sXon of, tbe !,iI8.

thls

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ls lnvlteil

the only copy 1n tho p*sres-

A photoltatlc

copy bss been retaLncd.

SAfngt Pi.8O&s Oaptalns csc (PF) AC of $r G-?

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cd,r*ry

ed poopfr

to tha bcd of ry alxllltyl

llabid, trtttls ls tb o4ly couatry God tss In tbc rrordg of dur I& coqg"tg flq bapli.ncca-{d rsrfirc *.df.?onsle1t Sfvo [r, to d*olop sbrt?on *"15]*yt I trta yiutmuf yearr adolt Llfc, ed i; ;U E+ flf gtven gfiren Bo that I Es n oo inat potecttalxtlcs potontialttlca has uod [iott l16.id. 8rd ad tL tb aa td.rd, body toav sd ; s6i ry gon rry oeutrlrr ad oltl*cn of tn ry ysngg. yoart I rcad avld3y nay n f l Uchsttfy pmUppCt gwcralv6tunps oi tbo ra,re irlilt lmtuding "a, tn" oe h#"ry ffi rtl{j.etcy of tha Phillppine leJ.adtrs gUt aA of the tritlng rritlngs sladartr alL alL the !d itobstsont s nl{Letcy llrls Pl3arr oihor wriu&.6e wrltlngo q._dal s4vtasrri w|e Jaciato3 ruosl.of, the 4ri.l\rt Dt,IrJJ BordfacLo, Ilf.ZgJt ttLzal., 9f .1'e. -ard o!-tlto W- f.!bh cerbuyl great-tsilLpino wi"iterg drelq ttre Latter Ert fr*|r I goakcd nyself thoroughly 5.n the ird tfrr cai:.y years of tb 20th& tha tdstory of the Aper:lcan natlon" the llterature of domocracy, in ffifll|l ltl tffil! "{ :ry? to have unlted.stat*s-:n!d.E"9Pq, poJiticaltbnrdt 9f tq p'rirclto thc liaperiahablc for ard ffi 1oye.Lty iiluifnd-sdrilratLon polJ.t:Lcal. Britlsh @ln plee ad of Anerdcan ard lLberly of f,reedon ibd books and of, AeerLc an been, a,n, constant r€ader and a Lraditlons. I have always nagazlneo. \€ J t'l .*\

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all rry ld68r and thougl*e, qr knorledge of Thus, r luy say that Facifually prinoLples ed facts heve cc$s abowr nationalLstLc deecr{b€d ln the & "tuAy f have nude, as ldb& d@ocracy. of the hletory ard ard J.itoratlrs htst6ry ard llteratrner ochooJ"r, which a,re heavllir inrluenccil fu the pb}tc triy schoollng nas al]" C6]* publlc systdr.. school I wag a good eiudsnt in the grade!, La by the 4nerlcan of ibo PhiEpplnes fron rfitch I waa graduated hlgh scbool, ard at thc Universliy philoroptry Severa^L yearr aftcr graidnslilh. degree bachclor fui of of rl,th tb to takc cour6o6 in $conoftlos efd UP, f had a chsncc spoclSl duatl.oa from th6 I'leve UnLvcrslty, Yod<r Cohrnble l-n ft SocLoJ.ogr.

EarJ;7 5.n rqf strde rtt yearr, roadfuig the wrtttnes of FLliplno heroes, && ard boceugc pcrhap I cano frd a poor fanJ,\yr I developed a fg6f1qe[ufu of inerlpan dennhstred of lnjust{oc 'r'l oppnesglo& Readtng thc Liter*rce ard belLevc I cans to udergtard that the forccg thet can besL flghL cracJr, inJustdce ard oppresslor5 ad tJrat cbn br{ 'lg abort thc hapglncss, prosper{ty, of dcmocracy: equal fd 1nogrcgc of a FEopIc are thosc ihirydfnc|ffir ln al cqugu'ty of the €rd rLch fstr' oppor{unity Pocr before the lavt cowtltril,&a pffectively iidividua-l ri3lrte guaranbeed by a ffi I proprbll.c ard oanrto, erd aad lho by c l,eaa i-noorruptibLe lnforao-d opd.rdon, tcotcd of Esscriblfrr ad of bell.cf. ., great freedas of opeech, of the preser d

thts ls w stowQ Yfhen I becane a ne$spapertnaq Ld r{y 86nior '!F

Untvrcrilfyoff

the vhilipplnss

1 exporletmed for the

t porer of the prl$bed word, and k)€cane awar€ of the tremervious ftftganco r strove consequentl"y to itrtprcwe llf could wield. i vrrl.ter ard Jorrnallst sklLl in the wrd.ting crafL, ard pledged to c6rseLt that rIlth that eldll I would to ihe pnonotioa of denocracy scbenb of ny ablli"ties U dEvote n1y lLfo to lhe has Alt that t have,done since then 3lnll poogr""u ia rqr couriry. fr prove comp]Lance with ihat pltdgcl I defy c4rone to F bee;1.in $lfi.ilfi;turr thg colltrar|r. riSH sWH { jJAjF&OLirriJ OF' I1ULUTRI$AIIoN l.1| NATI0NAJSI{ A}'[t lJ&LirRAgI, ,#IrH PIjSJ($ ; T {,llitr'*./T ffi i4}I1\rii; 8S&!n lH.{I I!*JPIRD MI I TI{E !Itg{ AID 'iElrlJ iM }Iovansrtt uR PnOmAid'ril{! IS ^rEVgr.BE A fiRrr nlo - r IBIY. "uU I SECUITI$ ard iIE[iFlEE OF-;,[f r"I-IIHERLATO;On tii.{ III INJURIOf$ TO TIm XIElta&! H,4Ai' atD UhiiAlJlJl ulEE ad UIIIIDfiEN Am ujf, iiru BRI}TGt0 s errun (.ht iitffffi sIsas{.s FUr(mE, IEIF, I CANiigr SUB;I,BISE 10 Ai,lI FBIi$lfrES !?I{ESHEB TnJ TtrALIuR ToltdIJTAiiIANr S,iwRATrc, iuaOCEeTIC, ANII;D U,t AltI THdf T Aiil.IiNl-bl{ BE OF TIM ttIFI{I UN OF'TIIE IEET.

I beLlove that ry urderetardlng of the dynanS"caof denoeracy as a aysL@ way of Llfe ras grealJg strarpened tn the UnLted stateor thxr ihe late tses:air* Querontoo[ rae along in his trlp 3:t }.g)?t and thoa lefb &re-to stldy in tho he$ay of ln golunbia universlty for about a year' Thl-o was ffi growth of ra$.d g yresLder:t *ooseveltts i.trew Derlr the tlme of tha d electrlc ltatt scelr.' ard the Anerlcen orginizatlon, l* uottpru"" of lduEtrla1 des5'gned refoms promisc'of great and 6ocial €con@ic its ln ""a i*ili":le by hoos?:velt, es r urderstood lt theE, to iapove thc lot of the forgotten toltn', ln or.dlr to st'fengtbcu and vlYify Amcrlcatr dengcTscy rtrlch, r belicvel test f,or survlYa] in the near firturet l€ i<nsrt rras gokrg ts face a flrfee glv6n ed cbrength to the masstsrh'"!'frEu naralt i,y his r6fom8 h. hsd _ to b! ras lbGdcd la thc !t challcnge tlurt cmc ln tbo eot$g Ld thia ctrength 8a Gl Rooecryrilt ed rll other clral+ltcadcd ctatem! t9Fl9r+5. ycasa vaara I99F1 Fascl.{rn Fascl'o of foroes coudngl bccausa thc arqad cha.Llango iftJtiltI}"r*t attack ta arc efma{y un]cschrd ln thc.iaparec Jg' u.t1ta"S.st-tlFelaffsn l{e{co' rEr. A$.r'tpa, luroper la opanLsh ctrll. rB in t!6 sd ![ raartul€, gwcrandc ocLaL rar thc og of tbc cotEdrn iurticet fraoEfob ths &roaleet trtrlrerDed by tt8 FlYalJJ.rg curlut of era rregideni ,iu6Eon rirar prtfou.db refo:ms. rrislted rldd.co to ob€ctyc tbe ].aril that emrtrtrr. lie tn reforsr WhoRhe earrc back to tbs rhiltppd.ms 1s tbc alddl'c of Lg)It be prowtl$ lalmhsd tds crusade for soolal. iustlc€r ard startcd prshlng througlt variore cordltforg ln tbc Pbilippinss at refodlgr thcy rere donadcd by thc xrb pcasants Panpanga, of ufder Psdfo Abad sarbo8, ha,al sociellst tbo the tl"ed rebelll.on egstrtgt the'fcudal syeteat La ucntraL tur or5 ard littlc begun their coducttng aporadlc foraye in southem t ruoq tbo satda1s or [iasap8 rere Dld notlvated aLso by tho srnc dcsiro fof laprovenonL in the lot of the lenants. llnrs, when I cane back to &anila ln ltoveriber, L737 +.hete nas Ln tbo rhilLpDi-negan eorcellent opportunity for thc exercise of the po$er of the pcn in the narveLous ororotlon of soclal iustl'ce. It n:as a ffi ihame to lmplenetf nqypledge of dedicatlng nryeelf d to ths mffi both Presid'ent 4uezon prmtion -I'lewspayNrs of denocracv ard progreas. r was hrcIq b€causer for. vhic h ul't of the Etrcn F." nJ"nrfir, C.rfoiI-JG*i:"f iuUfisirer "Jueaon even suggested r*esidenb th"fullre-to errcouraged "*lC.og, ti*"

-1

ThLs is try sLoty -@

tolilcs f,or ne to wrlte aboub Ln behal3 of hlo ooclal Jusllc uonera3-Ronulo mt only ercouraged'ny writing along tb spon8ff ry counentari.cs on trno radio ngws prograna @ Tlme besldos rvrlttrig, tho radio was prt at ny disposaa for the Ldcaa about lrprogresslve donocracyr nhLch saE e f,avorlte phrase of mffi ln those days, ard for tho S.aberpnebatlon of bot'h local ard Scffi Lnternatlone-l nens in favor of th6 causc of clenocracy as agaS.nstrrascirll I rrriter "d ners cmtedat@o galned rcputation as a$ antl-l'aseist ffi

IIfOLYID

IIOVEMEFfS IN FROGR.ESSIVE

ThB yeatt 193&.r+f rc saw the grcmbh of varl.ous pnogresslvc noveraentg 5.n the lhilippino€ ard othen courrtrlesr ?E€ alogars of ffi thal ti.r!. ttc ollectlve securttyrtl fuE}dcd trlrog"es$fuE democraeyrf * lEn t?united frontsn trgocdal Juetl,corfl rrnss doal for the comon manrrirtpeacc anil ald others eLttllar Ln costents ard tenotr freedm ere trdivtanblcrri

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l,latlonaliet Obina was flghtitig a gneat ra^r of defengc against the .tapan6e s;napathS.zorsof hor cause everlmhora fo:ted organiz at5.om inraders, and d for her asglstance, but nleo for the defenso of democracyin gemnot on\r fi fn the PhilLppd.nerr,there rere tbc ,rPrlodg of Uhinartr rrDefonseof Ulrls ral. Leaguer" rrIlD tFCOnor ldustrLal 0 oop€ratkes for Chinan trTheLeague fon thE grorpe wllh ttre Ee6.!& or sLn F rrefenae of il€ro@"acyrI ard sLtd.Lsr d partd.cl.pated pulposer I lare notlves ard En Fst of, theec novenertg & wene epoa.rhoadedby Aner:l.canllberals rfto nerc la naty of rtrl.ch, ircJderbal\rr naoila, or who rrJ.s:Ltcdtbe Phill.ppincs frcqueat\y, ln thee dayol' the Appleoparkpl,ugSdt the lrrrierdE of Chj.mrt ltla.og!.r.'irl!ilcr Yortkr for lnstarrcc, nrnr*r (lifrer Edgar Snw), €trd UrF. Snor h:tnsclf, the ! IDIJSCO.tr I rrEc ard l$a lfalea, vc4y aotlvc la thosc t[ov€e6nla, gave gpelrously of qy t!!o ald of qy lLnitcd fitreralal. roaeitllccsl On6 of ry articlos oD Mtll€O rlar rcpfurted la tho Unlled ittatc8, ad N3ml[elco quoted fron anot]rer artlclo of nd.nc on the gmc pubJect &lg9r Snor, rho in tho fef&ce of bcr book on ChLna, fub3.ishcd at thc tinc, later becano ono of tle *ll cctltors of Thc Satudav $ren5,ae Podt, had Just publLsircal a book, siad Star ov"r ch5.narffi f,:.ro, Io ny knorJ.edpp ih outEi.dc rorld gob a clcar Ih descrlptive rrd det"l.Iid ptlcttrc aEd erthcr UhinssG Co!@rlnilt loadcnc, "'d theb of b Hao T sc-turg, tihu tc\ ld.gbbh.Ao$e trqJr, r6oh ls the - begdaning of, todey{g gnornorrs Bed Arny of of 0htns, thcn the bm base of lhe CbLnaj Mr. $non ataycd tn the tlpthmort Chincse Bedel f,or seserql nonth5, od hls @ book rae rddeJy accLaLncd fsr its eubboritatlvc natrrol The readirlg of guch booka as $noq!,s ard @l lrialc$- 1 ard others $r other i,S rritef,s ard correspordents, like anal.ec ard Jacobsos ard riarrLro! proforrnd changss taking pLace f'rohaan de*r5.b!ng the problene ard the M Ohlna, u-ao a badg6 of pnogresssivim ia thoso days, ard. 1 reacl those boob ia 'avidty' &lllong FLliptno inteLLectuals The trenondous interest/arcnreed by thoce China boob, wrLtten by Asterl,calrs, rras due to tbe fact, I beJieve, that in various rayo ard pcrspectJ.ves thry projected ideas of @ orksble socl,aL and le^nd reformg r*rich sere vErlf applicable So the Phillp$.aes' Ard not onJlr aocleJ. ad. Econorclc refonns, bub po].itical as ws].l, lerr."r+ifth'trc rE Fo! th€ prlctue presenbed by such b6oks

rbis is Iry Etolv

ie of a China rrhlch nae plagrrcd ly qrl4rte

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-an{ La$tlordsr

of the peaeanti sraalreilY developlast".l+--sYi-g

if;t .Ji;i1;;9, *4 "r the*natioraisorc",tsot#,#rHi"oWP' proteF aniniJgarvptrote€es **i *X^* itself grd-ltp er5chlag itsels bent.-or uer*"oremlchi-ng ;;; iore *:,;q*"^"i':*tmt"ffi"fr3"*r:.tic"r. ifr;'h;;;;; ;ffi;i 9rd,rt9^nofittcar-l'Ir.$ilitarv ;il-r;;i"-,tsti,.ot"e

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tn" f""il"rlemocratio

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:ii iff'"ilffr$L"t"&iil *. *: 5::l:y-ffi1133 cansborparta por:t*U*ry"-:j9i5i.l;:1":;a:'1*r: il s::nil* for reasJnsther are vlvidly Tf* cuirar'c lsr:T1fr"{";ffi;"#e-il;oor '*-'

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rt'!9hite Paper ChiiB.tt Paper on on chiiB'tt +r.--s+.i+.c D flrmrtmentl cpert'nclrbrss rti{hite ttre-stite

ils conveyod by tho books of linow afd obhc?s, the otrong in;nression one MaoTse-tung erd his nsn ii"'ch:.nese $iehth Houte al3qy ayd hr g*-;m"i g than agrar:Lan rcrqolu+"1'ordgf wr< f.hat thev lrere nore tffittomd*'rn bven in tho,,hite iapcrr D|rd'@F Iifu?;;runi"st revotutioii!:'eg. .ilnerican authoritl"es oa Chlna &rxl ilgli4g na.rgr tbat rf """y .-tde ilf" tlre tihinese gornn:ni"sts as aglarlan nsi.dercd port"y-rr*G:E eo lw-was;i.ngbon -It wag not therefore strange thet ! i)3|ino,s ukc.ne.utro iJor"iloretsr agrariaa refof,ns-ln the lhiLl-ppines rae'trerLalLseas iotnoocnt*r ;il;-6;; uron strengthenl-ag denocrecv lrgre woql-]?:t at*r"!i'\s"arrd ;;;;"t;-t-;-or gommuld-s6s such (Hourreccssar;r. ad eynpathf. ,h-i-g"-t-fr*"iest, the uhinese rryas Ln the Belf },iLssiotrfieport) onphas{aed ar.e receubJy "uforrna ad.rlo,, Having road used Star Over Chinarr about-the qe3r l-9$ r-Hd iT,qlh l'uz cn creater literost in the norrcner.tof the Joclallst P'lsants of Geniral Tary, l"uis 1 r'ret !,t. *tbad santoa. lt nas elso at thie tlme. tha-t, iij-Uiy"ar" '.,badlanLost -secretaryi lttto' ras. ilrtrot rt""-"W iliangahesLn the aerald offLco' h€ strucli me ag iuc*a to ne bi l"edorlco ffi arrt sonendui intensi youag n8.rr, whoseflarri-ng rd-selon-vas to ;;ld:;p"kd Xb'r'i' irtns .iustiee ard a heiter 1ot to' tire land worke?s of P*nm,ng-a.I rrlsitad for He:'q.1d the fron asslgnocnb i,en Fernerdo, lxo or three ti$es, on ;;;""i; i'?'or 6f f€atufcg nal-n tlre r'.uth6ritatival;' ;;.;; *r"- and.lt t'q.s-thon t Lerrncd socia-l-i,s1 ::o'iei-,.:rrt,l-n Panpangar the ms53'feat*reb, as I iffi;[t"*"16 ',Yeret ibad S8rrLbs ard his n€n like Tarrrc were systeaatiealJy urderstood Lhen, peasarrls self-confidenoe ald strength throu6h' orgaaization, to elve ihe it-i.o or Union of arii tfrerefore lhey organized tip @, of ard confidence the trust co:uc;ed it* ;lo"Littg ].{assesl they sys-beaiatioEflr r,v?ren in 'k'ryr'turo we1.e they i.ruoaliately aid in* n*"rnUu by coiLine to their 3anuos i{ho nas a lanyer d-efendedthe pe*sanbs i-r: court f9r^f5ce); ;;;r;t-iAb*l conirasted rrlth the ai;titude of the local, governnenL,of-l'iciaLs tr."ir-!rio*" ,Jo-u.1ao* gave redress to the aggrieved poorg they al.so crco.nagetl .*"1 1".ught "f self-help, soraeii.rneseven in eit rene fornr I rene&ber a. re'nark i-f1- "irt"*'nira.'uu irria Santos in i{' pr.s"nce to a peasant {tho vr6's*'"'l'qgr"ryo$'tolcing lie said, rlif-the law- carurot about a aragging 1itigation in.corrL, ;;;6LLttt your righte itm.Jdi"iuryr never nLind ],Jre lanr; proteit-rndr@ pr"i"it hel-p ior]rseLf . $ The-rrrovercnt of abad SanLosard Taruc was sp1.eadil6l u""i""rt, l:lke rqifi rui.ldf i.re. clrcurrgt ance. The lts political stanl I cane to krow through a nremorabl-e -uhe United States at that tjrno ras John Guntherls "**unb- ltutL-Ee]-Ler in ii"iia" Europe.rr Fili pino inieliectuals devoured the bookr I read it nore tras guest ti *,' "*" tfiough. l{on, },Ir. Grnth€tr,carneto the Ptdlippines ard he desire to a ili-expressed lurti6it f-** a rnenber. ii-ff." ifr"nifi.iEJt"t-"1"u-if the for it't,"ro.tou ilbad Santosr I offered to help nake the arrangerlent's

/F-'-

This is r\y stotly {d/

I"senb a {ressage io ,\uarl SantoE io cone io t intervie$.@ at a certain tlmc, t{e carne;rith iwo or tIT ee others, not Ta.ruc, pnesenb at the int errrl,-w hel,t in the rodl ol l,tr. ftrnther. Oae point Cunther lranied to bd: cloared. by itbad Sanbos rtas tldd! the j.nternatl"onaL aff,iLtationr if arly, rrlou call your novenrent Socia]:Lstrrr sald 'rare i iibad ijanbos you. affi,] ated slth the Socord I!$ernatlonal?tr frnthc I tl.{re "lic, you $ith thon affi]iated rte are nottr 5o &lrt her asked again, s aid nl{ortr ibad Stalin?rt Santos we are not affirrned. of the Third IniernatLorul rrruenl.Lf" try to eayry out orlr agrarLan reforrag through our 6stn efforLs, rriihout althorlqh 6qybody rho lvants to help us La inb ernai:ional dt affilietlons, 'ne1come. Corditlong la orr country are pocu.Liatr.rl Mearnrhile, ilussia was then very rnucb jn the news, because of the drive ard becatxe ttl field. corducted r I thinkr by Litvinovf in the inLernatlonal *trt!fir*'rv'p'm dsneloFnen| tl:e Frorb of FolTllar as a tho eqgauy slqnifloaru! the dsnocracies egainst anred threat of rlefensive weapon of the 4dd (l{ussolini was ria,tural that I read'lvith greet attenard Hti.tler) r It Fascisn 'tlnside qurbherl the Sordeb Unl,on. , s Er:roperr about ffi tion the chapbers of Russl.a to t}ds dqy were the f gathered f,ron onei l.{ost of o\y basic idoas about gone Russla ard Stalirr r&Is oiher books aboot 0unthsrt s bookr I hevo read they norely who not Co&aiunists, fi|||1n are end lrrltten $r Snerioana 161 j-&preSslona. q: Thoso a grsat sgnGtiuin€ of ar€: reinf,orodd those baslc Stalin golng ln Russia; that is extrorirnant is on h. socLal ard tr oconontic porret, but tlelb for and the rncn arourd'hili 8re i€a16us and btood,Srr flrthless aJ} of then are dervoted to the propositj.on of sorv'erting bacl<wa,rdEussLa irrto a great, loodern pdvrer. Grrfthor *lso noted that npsb of the leaders of the Ard or loser rrliddle c]sssr Soviot Uniou cane fron the rar&s of workers * aid tlS defeated the^grassive the might Red Au4y" of lerd-lease, the whea +*J,Fnnrch imFressed by thc lFffit@&lE&{Fr of rhe C,eruen Arhyr"F{rtgeL'€ft Rcd Arqr !{Bg€ ltarr to of th6 o&Fqolty . I stiLl judge the pnobab)-e rc eventualltLea- Ln EwoBe todqy arrd ls the i'iiddle liast, oa the basis of that i.npressiorL ',Jhen P6arL llarbor took placo, and tho Pacific lttar co.n€ to the Pluilipptnes, I could to hel.p in the fight of thc urderI losi qy jcb. I dtd whai littlc jusb grourd against the Japensser &rt lylth a ncn baby, the mqr th!d, the I has io livinF. v5-ng1 Jaenese Japenese r:ere anr.ived. also earn 6arn a ].oolcisur rno rns be J.oolcitrg for beeause arrived pneos the f radio arbicLes Ln l-Japsnese ard broadcasts, so to had rny ant of pnovineesl the fvequelLly fu In the to the'povi-nces, trips Lte 1o;r @ by bho als6 I uir.s sgai$ struck by the back$rardnees of i)hiJ:lppine agrlculture, '*eaH.n6 provi rnos. wa,ys naking of a liyfu€, like fishlng, the or in trrjidtlve ,tith aLI" her rich lanils, the Phllippines vas never self-sufficient in food, ad when the JaFsnesc by the hur:rlred irhousa.rdr llved off the lard, marly Ir5.Ilginoe went tnrngryr The fact Lnoprassd nrc of the rmedalty of ceat\y fupre aeed produc$,on as the oniy sure nrcant of keopi-ng a Fople from going hungrlr, vhen confronted by a huge cal.ani.ty llko ttar, I was comrlnoed nore than errer that t@ in order to increase food productl6g l mrpnse\r, we rnrst havc basJ,c agra(Subsequent\y, tho BelI Boporl said as nuoh). rian rcfotss.

This is ,ry "I"ry @

lleanwhils. duri-ng th€ Occopatioq I was hearing mrch aboub thf { of the Hlrl<s in Central- Luaon, now led by Tarrrc ard Alejardrino, Sonte of the re at Fort funtlago' having dLeit afber ircarceration

heard-about the lluks rlas porhaps hearsatrr bnt sottto so$e u€re and t'hat f-learnea that the lir.:ks rrere Sivirg battie to the t Japs effoctivelyr ad nachiaegunsr rtfles ard Jap theb fit epo$er was incfeasi"ng fron capbured golng nas not areee populatLon lrr Huk"controLled that tho I learned o""4""' the Japs could not get at their food supply often, due to b.."*e ttigry, iifiiti S:."ut *d, ard that noroover, t1* Huks prac'"icalJy seiaed- the idls big ard placeit theor ufoer cultlvatLon on a conrm:nat-basLs, _anl h.;t"niu"l i;j-n l'fanilar afr"lf of food supplyi $ost blg larlornerE were' . ilG i*r.ru"djipi, ana o:e of tbs, I heardr-even esged-o1 tr-te Jape ana titu ##;i;-Htk; the lsditrners'c9ir]-a_ge! at ihelr tracLcrdag .rqy ttu Huks so [nat & ;;-l-riv; ptanted by th€ HuksrtEr In insLa nces rhere get the irarvcgbs -...*frf-f "tn io"o.odrd, ihc landonmrs then sold the erop to thc Jape" 1fhoth€r t-il Gil; b1e lanilswners rho enrichcd if,i. rriro"U uas ! t!ue'o" .Ot,,'llyi L"* of g iiFr' ld. egbeen of, hig lardowncrg sadk ocoupation" ;;;";i;;-d*lng 0n tho other hard, 4y esteen of the Huks went upc "v"":.o*o. lvhcn poac€ cajne, our econory was.shrttored, I. had-iropea tnat'ttro agrarian the :cr, revolution gtarf,ed by the Soclaliets, etd pushedby ihe Er.rker.durinp geni-feudal eCgthe OcCupatton ro'tila L F/rogf,essfaster atd-at lssb seep ouL ilay' thal noey- i-n thc agricu!.tural. plovincoE. It dld not turn out' The r ewar pol.itical- LoaderE assurnpdcontrol of gwerrrnont ard pol.itical q affaJ.rs, agaiae rYl not oE of these lcadsre seered genuilc\r inberested il igraitan reforrns that could rea1Jg. imFrove our oooocQro InsLead, "ii.cii'S ooaldals cane to pass, ad. cordltLons retrt frcE bad to norse, ;;"d.1"-.fto unt:l tfrry wEre in tbe shape that the BE1I l{i68ion fourd thlm. Todetrr wo er€ The Hiiks havi bec6fie very aggr"Estv€r ad they arE n tr tn prof,ourd orlslsr Conqurdsn is chailrnflng tho the goverment direetlyo lrloarrhilo, Lnteretional threatons' a rarPaEe of aggressioa, ard arther world nar ffi onffi Wduould surely go hungry again, in that ovor*,, unleos tr rapidry carry out ad lnoreacad productl'on imsnsol;r, oor. agrarian refmg IT ]IOVEMEM U{VO$/!D IN TI{E COA$UNIST progressive nas movemcnt ncsuncd afLer lLberat5.on. I trled trdytck in the I'leekl& Phtlippine but because of ite progrcsslve week)y magaaLne, to formd a dld not support frora' the noneyed not Cownunlst lt fird ), ortentatS.on, iffi( Meanwhile, felloi ncwepaperrnen of l! prEwal daye, like drnsdo classesr lt-dl.ed. Vlll,e.4ea].r e ard ot'hersr ardqyself ManuelA. Saulo, Cld, B, lpriano Hernarde*, v, gglld so thai when the big a nevspapornent a orglnlzing th; of ide& concelved pcmer' T,fe did good'bargafuring for:n tbs o"g8F $ould we hay6 papers wefe roopeacd years, norlburd sincc wae It hae been it act iYer two about for and nlzatlon, We groupo active unlons. rrere aleo in refordng thelr Iabor *itOt 1949. unlon the raaldng tbe nemgmenl s Leading gul3d, thougkt of, now ihe the fourderE of tha t.laa unlonar flas to @Do[ af federatLon {et a nationaL in one labor control of t!.o policLes of the big orsenizatton ard try to nake of it a Ptl!}lppirre corrnLerpart of ths An€rican CIOo Accord5lg\y- r,e forrned the-Co-ngressof fu'.bor orAanizatLons. AnadoHernardc! caB- oub prealdeEtr 4 E: jqy,9elilse jirs't ln-thl prestlge, cn'-: frorolrddaE]ravls.' the-nignest ttrea ["-*:.il Lmediato Lmediatc\y, ;ilsost nWI US ArqJr. Arqv, *].nost tb^ iLS PbilS.pPlnes, publicatl.on of tfe-nWl of tlr 5':ree fi";'F#iippnnes,

rhts ls w nsot1@

thc CIO ras lrrflltrat'€al unl.ocr

by ti@r.nts0

lcadero; because thcy had

ua.lgos wbo besded the Ud.on de IlEt!63ott!

ras in thc

or of oapdocl.a, wb head.d a rrattorsr unt onr came oul G bo ta thc boardr ca^qtro- ].edel !"eago::kcrcl ud.oE ras aLso tD Leder of tlre c lgano::kcral Casbrol Aoado, nobcrto liascLrc, SauJop uldp Villar;Rca'ln Llkc tatellectualc asrs!6ll eidrriygil-ttilsr Very toolt ard olhenr trdod to asscrb Lradershlp la thc CISr los! cont'rol, bocause of thc skill of ttre oomrd.ets both in organizfug r3pE ard 5.a rfuurl ng tbeif poi"Hs at nletfugs, I loet Lnterest ln ttrc CIO' and tn 1948, I think I ras urcorenonloueJy oustcd cenbrel ccrmlttcct fron the {lnFltiln'8 wh.n Osmna ard ttoxas fought, I vrorkcd In the presld-ent'lal olcctlons ffi for oenana, rt ntt hout af,fillatfuig to hio partyr I cdtted ths Ognsna ownd 8oF9 hail lrrltcd ns to JoLn hio oap' but I couLd papcr, llXE-gsgE-&lgs!. ie;ee- on tde stard on thc BcIl Trade Aot, bccaucc J felt that thl's ast rculd ard dervoloptost of thc hider rathcr thaa hastcn thc cconomlc rehsbl-lltatlon corurlryp particula:rly tbc reh.ncoded agrarlan rcforrngr the ooncluslon of thc scll It&,bilesl.on ltopor.L on thla rnatter:' hag conflrmcd py f.ars,

and agaln ho askod tso to work for hlmo I <iceJ3.ned, ttoxas roa tlc clcctloor vorked l-nstead for the papcr that l'as d.Ld)y against tbo tJoll &to ard gmt ttxis was the short-lived Phillpr{ne .tbcprces ol Eugerdo lopoz, nor publisher of thc gbfgglg.Lg. The scardels of ttre Itoras adrntnistratlon rure beginni.ng to a,rcnse inbo tbe PhiJipplnes kept ttre pcople, but Jarge doLlar strearas pour{.ng b& eltuatlon and tho ndlorgL .cdro4tr, Jrlo::ootr lcss worldngr racamrbiJ.c, the *!*al the urrlc altuatlon rras aggravatl.ngr ani Boxae used a 't&Ll.cd-fLau policy, dLd mt tlst'€ad hc euttorlscd tha use of clrrlLnbroduce arur freri.ous agrarL&n refomr, lJan gua.:ds. the congtabuLary was abuslvo.noet of the tlncr ad the # peop:LerIere clcarly Ln discootcntr eDdvsrs rapidly loslng tF'. fd@!@ respcct and c urfldcnco ln thc gov.t!trGr*. !!hen Roxas d5,ed, ard rlrrir4no look over, ho announced hie basic policy as rrrestorLng the peop.l6ls trust and confidencd' hr also annourced r h! rould try r rur approach to tic Ifuk in thc pvcrme*t problcn.. no pnopoeodLatcr io grart an annosty uador certaLa cordlt"lono, aryl-raruo caac to EarriJ.a for t'ho noeottatl"oo. .Actdet mtuat recrC.ninatlong of double.crose, tho dcaL fclJ. thnorgle ard Tanrc rerf b*ck to the fleld to tcsrr& hi.s cbaf,Lengol

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frhllo tanrc l'as in $arrila, I had a charc€ to raset ldn, ad ne re!6wed ouf nc lntrocuood io ec Uomador Sol, l*ro I ucrt for tho flrst tlna. acqua.intamsfhtp, -ras at that ttn t hat L Loaflrod rarnc had boccnc a nobor of thc uottsnrrdst 1d It Par0y of tltc PhtlLpplnoal wtrich I dld not knor ctilL .elst€d, bccaus. llrort\f ecrg?d rdth thc Socialigt bcfore the rarr l.t '8e fotrl4lry abourhad atd qr movcmcnt of Abed Santor, ecotdlJig to announcemoatsLn tnc trross, /"

, , i .

Shortlf afb6r tho collapse of thettanncsty for tho gukgrtt Jg€-ots{+Laqq, sng a lgA he lrtno&rc€d to sa ag Frecl Bautle&a droppod in at cry house on tcmisag. utredbr and we dlscuseod the coclrllng sltuation at tho tfuo. troe b !ava. I lcarncd that thc uomuoist lsrty hd bCen reorganiocd durlng the vccupatJ.on ird I ilas thcn mrklng for lovlrra t,3 hh€"Lf of tric canr that 'lernc raa Do$ a edcrr sonatc ln tbe cLcctlm s n1tch ncrc not did*y for 153 @ very f,ar anrryr l.ava tr{.cd to convlnco no that therc rras no ].on8er a4y other foaeiblc solutlon to the pobLcna of t'tro country, cxcept thc riuk pry1555 progern rhioh be enplained tha as based on naldne the nasscs revolutl.on-consc5.orrs io that thc nceded poli.tical- and cc onornLcrefoms-could bc fougbt for, Lf rrccoc-

'rlrig tg w *,ory.@

paaccfirl

cou1d bo cffect,lvc if ! sary. I ctill ral,ntained thal/rofords ad lf Qutrtno the situatien, to arnfs io thc dangere of pa'tcd norc or lcss ln W6 prcrnLscd. -dd r"forr" bc bd daocntaL vl,cmsr lica^nshLIc. ths clectjcrs rcrc cod.ng, ad I nas cy&Fathctic to tho a6pl:lationc r6oro I hd knorn iatl-nate\y during thc t ccuFetlonr I cdLtsd aone of ot Gurel his nanueirlpts for hLg book tForccs That Xake A $ation {.ireatJl siacc rc tcre togcthcr ln Ncr xorrk t$ 1937 had But Lonina fiho sas a frlcd elaLnod ny atteltLon and uogb of ay timc, {'.1 I rras trftng to qako bJ-n r'€fots' *lthough a fran of t]rc Xople, bo ras Ldettifled Trltb thc bankargl "o"ofo*. ard augarmcnro 1!tsr€8t,8r Lovfus logtr

r\ J I

Isurel rag boo'd.ng, anil hel !oo, Ln scveral long convrersatlorg I trlcd to btlllt I kn61r ne ra6 not vcry rc4pnslvrr iderest ln basl.c ag*rtan rciorst. I ard ffil e strong eha:ractcr, trttc nattoralJ'st, and san of, ntn to te a q beliwed that rlth hJ.n as prceldert, thc mrscrdlg cordltlone of thc country coujtd bo a:rortcd, and reverscd. I ras rriI1lng to rork for trLs Gardidacy' ltut t{canrtdlc, t,hs [Grald rae g pneparl.ng to rcopcrf and ssnator t€drtgal gccausc of ih rry old lnforued tro that i rrae golng to bc onc of the edlto'cr "d r thc Jobr I arolaa canc accepted olfcrr thc attrqetlvc foyafty to tho PAp!!t, l-had hopcs that uieaJ.ilr r.u t}rc of orgp.ntgcd aai ir,c'tto feEant I ;;;;t"$, Madrdgal lrdl'cated to ncr ) tho of gd.ag as sois to bo lndcpcrdcrf ihe norald ras but it Tsnb tho rholc ray, inctead, in gupporb of ttnLrLnor bo, tbrnr slnco t f,as irk Just an cncutivc cdltor, rho Earr{.ed out pollcics, canpelgn. lJut I had hcEry d'ggivinge lf r remaincd aloof ftu tba pnsidenblal golve lirk p,roble, and hc had fellcd to Cls uc thc fallcd to bd enlrino rool necdsd rcforasr sor io sobe the $nanciel thc agrarian La troducc f16il4 hc mn, ttto chances t|leTc all thosc tFt nge tould of tho garcrmort r J,f digftcuttics bGc@G tol'ltc.

rt lras at thie tinc, arlsa qll avelrues to e possl,ble t?J+Llpo.of thc cor*'t c, ard toJd countrf ! Frobtrour thet-lClv-g q{4 -oautltte agafu #ry yatty'rd auoqg thc ad ltr rrerc thc lcadcrs of uonnunlst h Ua ne that thcy ilc dLe' pr.acticElly uuk had thc Dovcmdlt nmr e lorg controlled that tbc parby cuaelon at rldch thcy tntLuated to nc that t.hcy rouJd Llkc sto to Jotn th6 partyl they edrcd rV aBEr ard I sald I rraa 43e and thcy sald thai no uan.abovc sl 40 but that thcy nccded ry bclp bcoausc of ry, knorJ.dgc vould uakc a good cmunist, it occu:rcd to affatrsr sff,alrs a"d intcrnatiorEl looal polittcal of # Par*y tho ltr ad rb80 thc uonsuntot from lnsldc to fLd od nc to try @ bo* tt actualJY lcsLdd, I hd Jong rantcd to rrltc r book bn thc unk rov@c![ lJ[ thc Pbi].lpprlnc, ad if I rre! ln thc S con*Ldencc of Farty ]eadcrs likc rd[@da rould sautLctar I harc an cxcsl"lont olranso to get hold of flret-lrad ieva aLt book. $rch a natertals fsr uo, I 5.nfmd tho, in spltc of, ry ! n rdal reectrations aboub thc toundr.so or trr; pfogra-o or tlc Comunist ferty - thich I of courtc 'rid nst aprosg - I aek€d thcn to consdder nc an appllIcant. rhcy !sl.d thc wurl Factl'co r89 to la sorc party vorlrr fc icst thc ebILLty of e prospcstlvo ucsir fo6te

rhis is ny gtory -@ ,,-. $ MU SF\

*:r='-,2

i(,{ffr):

ffi slx uorthc, aad afbcr that tbc party dccldca, therc is al.go appl5.cation for mnberabip, an 'l'lrriril'l{rtut d rflting paty, pmgrg of the ard wintngn€ss to subnLt t,o tts dtsct pltq* eccord- !o thc they "lre told nc l roujld be lenrlod two peccnt of rq}rnor$hk incone as nonthlyd[OAr

thon infomed tg atterd a ncotlng tha foIlcr$rLng 1 ras +rndrrr$rqlrtrFr' ln hansc Pararaqucr a ln l. attsldcd the ncotiag, rd which ras atterxied week a rnan I'uti, i!:tl-lian Poneroy, and a rrcnan v&m I laber forud l"g€, nancd d by rife, rienc. romcrqrl s calJcd r to be ihe neetlng vas J-argely about nsw evento, ard lts analyoLs, At the cl_osc of tbe noeting, l xras told to prcpare thc nst neue ana\5rol.s, i,n a neeting to I reported verbaAiy sy lldtrs enalysls, bccause t had be held two veelc laferr qualms about puttrng arythtry ln wrLting.

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T 1

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J. t'as fearfuL of dfucoverg by thc authdrJ.ties, or of ny fricds, because of }'!,cJ reruirdei roe of cy "ffqia*trra thc sllgna attactring to.t,utmraistt. nrLttes app|lgqtd. on f9f psfbt nernbership, ard 1 said 1 ras going t,o subit lt1 hrt to thls day 1 nerer subslitted onc, and sonchon thoy see&ed to have forgottea about l,t. J bad ln uird that l-f any such u"l.tten applicatlon ed.sted, sl.gned by rne, thcy could fotse mo to do t hings rvhLeh t dS.oappncred of, ard raarie it dlfftuli for me to irr detach 4yse.If flon thc par"ty, the noncnb I fcIt, f, could not go

along with then qryar\yaore.

Throughol* the monthl folloning J. dLd nothlllg for the parby but the ncws ana]y.sis uhich nas baphasardly d onc, and I was often Jate, or forgct going to, neetiags so that at the erd of si:r-non|h pGtlod, thcy considereci mo no good for nonbershLp but tlat they roula extend the periel of candl.dacy another t hree rnonths, so that I c orJd jo5.a.

lll

considerations

r#bqt

?,**ffi#*

of the governnenb was g&p&81 9'hich were cnataeteria ed by frauds, ad terrorS.m, thE hosli lif,y of the u ornrrunists of the lukg,

ard r did Dot want to iltclrr

so, I toki t hen, l world try to s how greater ingerest EbmgE *m in the work assign€d to ner tieanlyhile, I was beginningh to lre( expe:{.epce ilciirect Large ly ba6ed o& the tlreat coer"cj.ve roeasure, lqq* of e:<posure, alri J_ ryn5 rfk! rlrt, .t sas tnen busy bddiDq@ry(adc wftapw. alreacty prepari[g for the openlr€ the iieral.d., and JIly fea]s were sonewhrb allayed, because .L cou-lci thsn have corurter-por'ter to the irdLrect tF pressur€. ilov{ever, I tried to inprdve the news analysis 1edr:k.}tudi?'-'n Lf, only for ny orn cJarlty on the subJect rral:l,er, ard 5-n spite of repeated tard:i-ness to

areetlngs during the tlrec-nonuh

peniod

i,ava iliforned J.r,r lrr lJfgv

sometlme duriig durils tlre first hal-f tirs sometime ne ldd half of 1949 thatlrv carnidac-y was aDDroved. ine c. rhey .rney set that r rras golng to be induciecl. ard'ca1let-ol-orarlor ser a dat@ cate Ior l-r!.uctfon fn lrv house, and_on designatea the ii.rne ind day, lava, .Barrtista, oiking, on r.,onstantlno ard iris lrrfe Leity came, uontra?y to what t haci ocepcteci thcre rras -

no oath LlalLe, IEtc 'l onjy a brid parLicipation anLi lrr party,

lecture on the necessity in the of disciplitre of tire r.tasgeg for reforns. ln the strugSle

/t tansang -lFU/ 1!efo:$is, not overthrow of the goverrcenbr. i was 3]s6 ='tr'fxi near, alt.ilol€h r,ava aLso indlcatbd tirat rhen the situation and the nasses $ere

ready"

the fl&s

Yilr

.l€aai itile revor-titl-ont

I was dreading that they would ask for qy v:ritten :!@tr@fua I felt at ttre inductiorg but they did not, and I uas rell,eved' go if 1 could not along artJ'lnote. way out, a ionetj{ie lrter, called our grouP,

application there was sti1l

in a meeting of the "of,Eart, as they

arp&'sis &:oqP and ths.t

but that the nnin work on l to be done ng. After Ttas b;,. sor,renonths, I ras made stll the rews analvsis gp o:p, and such 1 ti:e remained, unier supervision oii iJaking, the of c halrnan unLil ihe round-up of the " pou-tburo." g@_ql!!s-l ln tutf Oall:cto Uycco, in uonsta$binor s plegg, l'ras suggested f or a ,:reeting 1 denrwred, very exposed place on r,olorado, near the a sbreet corner. becausaro. i,{r fa.lls, and qualns a.bout worl< in the party r*rieh, besides nras i.nter dlscJ-pl-lne of fering rv'it h ny pr work in iirt.r:h the i{erald, anil the iightening $.rtyFFllFri perby, and tflen frequent solicltations fo" c ontribuii ons, *ddo! the in snall rnade me r:nhappyr anounts, very One woxk assigned to me was although ner'vparty me,riber euery three ibnths r at leasb one @mca}f, also torecruit a sLrgle one, because I did not try to, For, lr!6mbrqt:@ I fait€d to resrait I uas al"rea{y cll-eiJ.lusioned in the inabiltty of the party to uin popuF in fact, largeJy because of depredatiois the ilequegl of the i:ulcs, ard the lar synpathy, rainpage of internat LonaL 0 orununism. rlut, I learned mrch of the inter<raL prnocedures of the par"by" ard vrhen the sonebhing about it irr any boolg .L ryould have nuch rnaterLal. t Lrne comes to rrite .lnd I c o.rld appraise Froper Iy the r**rarlea*nrranr urdesLrabl"e things, as rceLl nrerits, such as the self-dl ectpJJ"ne derrelcped ln apb nenrbers, ard. the as the analysis rd and quest of facts upon dnr rldch to base parby decisions tiniless and qtatements. Denocracy can learn solething from the unceasing study of reLein order to arive ai corvantl Foba facts, ec onoai.c, socia)-, and pollttcal, and cordwiors, rect Proedureo. 5tffi Theu..eLs nc apace and tj.r.e now to go into detal)- eut I would rrg be analysls on the working of the party, as I came to !s nake further rJlling know ite at another tj.ne, ,rhat I would onlv roalceclear here ls, I belierre f have not lrLtton a s5.ngle subverslve Fil*e for the parby. .$ven qy inductiqn I could not fu say vas a cri.no, or ilJ-ega1, there being no law barurlng the partyr i{ow that the leadere of the party that I have been in contact n:ith are I an hal f-relieved beir€ lrttsecuted, of anxiety, and half-chagriled at the that I wert tnto. I belierre I ehall never have anybhing to advenburo fooS.hardy I w111 just t:y ;ry best, at every opportunlty, do aboli it again. throu8h lffglt pen ny to derveLognenb contrl-bub e to the of, denocracy in ldrh:mlbrqp Flrryrrrr r|r eountryrg@ ueep in 4y c onscience I do not feel

guilty

of cor,u{tting

ar{y act of

sFl\ ./. s tru ---<2

/+Y

Thls is ry stoqf -

} I €l

sutrersLon, or danage to the interesbs of lny courtry+ ad a devoted fantly nan I work at ny pnofession of a^ndconsbrustive purPosel IV

ryr{if I moPosET0 D0 IsIt{ Becauseof ly loyalty to the bigheot interests

.f I

-7,_\s \'t\.

4:/

nEa,

devotlorl

1r,'Jfi'*tT u

L--(t1FF'

of ny dountry, of my record

v'+ through serlPe' er'J' dernocracy, v. ard defcnee of uI r,rrE pronotLon of tbe QelrallL ln Hasrye l*'-.--.D ln behalf suspected plcad det'ention a fron I immedLate reloase for rny rrritinge, \ lrinne"driry subrersivc and u omunist. I have frarik\y toJd thdl truth about pr{{lpaI nottve tnv entanslenent in the Communiat mov€oent, and the prltf party, ktigw the real vrlth to forriality, incomplete the I- had for cnber"J.ng

ln the firbutrer)lhe quest for tyuth about tt, fJr ptrposes of rtf d?rnwrfthgel vrlter ard newsliaper edLtor. for any ard "uort ly cnterprise valld a tnrth is variorrs with try ktuwJedge/ rnore or lcss of a ccupetetrL nature, of the & guntt.J' I I be of denocracy, tocL Could probllms ard our our c of asp€cts of the prornotilg deferdlng* thc s welfare through and natLorf ln griat help ry gork As a natter of fact, wen throughout ffL ry partlclpetlon lorrnalisttc in soee party wck, I havo led tbe double tife of being an effectivo rrlter ard our difficult scarch of our governnelb, of our bstltttions, in ilfavor for colutlons to our Probileiner

Cardenas

qy abllity fl hcreafLer :'dd-r'tr to erlend to the authorl.tles as lsffiin gubeersLon, sccu& our counttXr ad to solve lts barlc fron iu the effort to

rice];lr.' lJleciion I'--^,, \.cer-

n^.1:-.. lrr

-r.eport,s rl^i

iJ,.-

r'.li,.ll{iIS

'Ll:r''i '!l:o l:o'Li'iicel I l-. Tire nooirle of ii'is irovince ir-.r'ecorlrlnceci : rol::-'':j.11' t' tlre a'ii'ec j-si-ve olle ou.tc !rea'i''l-'f one aa its is a rlccc .iilht -,,i-c:;l- iiorbrnes oi illei-r .favori'Le sr:n, Siiil'''''C-' "Uhi-lli I'ri;:':lxJ ' :einj '(l-:e 'J-eie.:-i oi i',lie L:':-'i''r;J l':t'li i{Jll j-n 'tlds a'-iresir;.er LUial itri'oer, -;ouldl :rl;ror.u: I'----'--:' "'toultl tre l-ori j'ng iile i io L caL:stlf'$'&c. "f""..:',"t j'n-. i;:'lc. ",.n ii.1"r]"u oi hi;,,irer up' .i';h n'-ilrrds io llis- lcarie ):s'::j-1i,lc.i j,i i,orr1,: cu; ailort anrr snbj' Licn o-i' lli: lol Lhc: rrol-:iiric:.l liofil 'iri,;r--n 'r,ile lileralll:r-1 .. -1,;_.:i5..l':.r'"1.,'b.': i1"n1l.n"tior, tor r'::::,,1,,- ,l., -o1..f-:' -1 a eont'';nQci iilni-'ed t],a'l Si'Il:,rJ,', i"!::Liite vi:o 1s also :ft ,1'. i-t'a t' 1: 1n r--rn(l j,s b3cli:i-ng -tire Vll,er:. li'ac-Lion, iloit obvioiis re asoi:lj' .ll:.e ::r',ssei a::c 'Ll'rinidnl; ',:'.:ice bcfo:'l' rr,.Lj'nl. alaj:.rs-l- the l'l'r'eiro:i ihui:ion j,ie oi 'Lrl'e!or:1<:al rer,", uris i;e rn;1 s) roveilr'cl b;i in ;.;:e Llec'i, j-cns , j-ns i, 'tr:-- ol.-.os-i-n1 iac-"ion in-'.o !l1e 1)roYi,ncc. 2.

J t !--.., l.-

;:'.: j't

:,airlin

r:'o'11

i" ' L-iillr-

Ll-'

..r'clr'

j- '-'- '- in ufl ]ii"; ca"i'na'r':;ns ', ac.i;.'.rit;r arL(i $lncaroij' oi r.--f--' r"irii i ''lcal',i'o upr''al-ci lil it,r tile sul-'lrcr-i oj-Li:lc ;ibr:menj .,risr-qlrl-n11: '':o.lL': irot''n ;' ll I L r:li-''r'-'-fJ.Acrsir':.,, i.n L}lt: lrrc'r:ince, :'r-f cnl-;' to siro . j-s eqnL-lP-.r:rl,-l!-, iti.:: Lilc s Lltl \!rrt o.i his .€ronl{r, e-nt! tir::i' i::"5on oi -i''i:r'e',iirai,ever $ro"ntls . vo ters ?hb 1n':let'c:cien-^.L i-,., i-l I -f :'i'i: jro t:iee'b ac.-,-bor-l'ton T'riil-l no t ciesert hin. 0n-Llteobileihandr-Llrcllofiibe-r";'el-frr:rds';r'lrdcl.l'':l-s1:ou'r'eclinlo J.;.c1r-:i.i:ce1o,; rre-e,"1-ecl:lon -,.t.il.'oses b-'_ i,he:.v-al r::'a Jac-itriol, iJ doing . It u'rs nc'ieci l'il;-il sorrre clarr.:"e -.c L l:e cl:|,nces of ji{-ir:i.iiI jil' i:-rlilil,'l:,$ .i;i:e 'lj-i.f crcn L bar':'i' s hac: iirc urequJ.l 4,,1-l-ocaLion of sa,ici fuJlns t,o saj-'i f:lc'r,lon. anrL,sl:onl-e solllc 5',lrt.1]ol:'Lcrsof '[]t(,

r-'l'ov:ii-c'- , : ilL }s{ 3 . Tle|e bc i-n5; no oi'r .os i,:'on r-)er'-t';rac i''!ve :l'n Lllil sen;l b6r'reL,l-lj ne-ut i,j iiis j;i,ber-ail i;L1Llr .rj':-''" ir::ve thL' u!r)cl-' :a r{i 1n

ll.

-lclcL Vn '

-'lili',,'Lire Por-k ill:rci Ll ir'':o i\rnc'rs lrl:icl: ";lr s -':o i-r-l'e 1L r',-as observeci -;lI'-' 'i'JL' ''r-,'rcrro;ircr: 'rr! lr-' o; il 1':i-;'al i:.!-lj ilisrltLLe :i3 b i-]ii, llea-;c.ll, 'i,his i': ov:,-ltcc. ;i-"o:l' ll' .1.-t.j -' ,'r:-,-"-iril (I:::rc":r:l) lia'-' lj-l:c-:':r1 i;3v-lir, .io .to ';.

j.J-11 -r. -r.i::'tr-; J:'i]-, i-:e j!-1, l; -r-l'c,.'r: c,.'r: i':e In.j|c li-ol: l-, In.jlc 'l ":rj,i-i in 'j:n::n i o,i libci'r:,i's l)r rl.,inc.- r' 1.r i,ir.-r i.r

-:'.1c l:'.lc c', ci tt ,.:. ,.:1..b ..b oi !irc

Jis

'r'l ,',i lr-.t" !r ".' i' l.'.i;r-r: ,-i'.i'a'ir i]5i|-.i" lro::'1: i:al:':"c-'l ":'r jcc

L':-r

'.iilr: Oi.'.--1^cc '-:.lll .,,i''--l"i:L' oi' i,-i{l ;':,.c:r'rlor. ,..r(-rii,rs no :ccolr:::rr:ncia|ion i:c:rt as cci"L.si'rl' f'f:l j'..,.-1.j,^,.r..l..;i:rrrr. oii'rcl' i: ,;:Ici's ci-Ll:- '/::lci'.r. .:li'"i--j-on :'.ciln: .;lic ilei€Dali'rlL, 'Lire cl:c ',i:',1 -:;'.1-c'rillr-'O''e i:llr:: c o'-'.1-'-; co;lcal'ne'i on ?i) Cci' "r'-',-..1 Llrc :onr:r':rl:1c jr' ;c r--' iix: Co'.r"-:-i o rlj-lr5; 'rn:.ji,;r'::lcli cl -'';rr':', ii:'irl-.

recis:l-cn i.r; ircl rrl-n;;.

.ti€elr aql Ful.rnp XuepTauTT€cTlTTod oN .? 'JO BJ€Ari JO u&oul lou aJe SeleBTp{r€c T€Troteuos dT ort1. Jo 18o}[ .peaT oql 8uTlel uTscoT r{1Tir prr€q Jeoan oq3. e €r1 selepTprrec t€TJol€uos dll or{t .g 'lsod €r{f 9uTr{cuTtc Jo oJns laI lou sT oH .xJearels dI{ pezTuffoaoJ e sBr[ eq STI{ 01 JOTJd qENOIIIT€ I48J€UI 1IFTTS {I 3q1 01 TPTTCETJAP fJaA e SuTaeq Je TpIeZ olxTIBC Jorr.reloe Sr.qlcv qlTn JT€JJ€ {aeu-ol-{cou € sT ec€J T€IJol€uJeqnS eqll' .z .suoTlraTe uT rrt eql ocuT^oJd sTrn lseJol -uI JO }{Cet c ST eJeql .ecuanbasuoa 3 sv .uoseas SuTT -TTur et[I JO OsBnceq soJSeN 01 pal€JtTuurT eA€q sJoJoclel ar& Jo_asoql leql luaredde sT 1T .lsTT 6?6T 3q1 ql.Tf po.xBduoc'pue pesolc ueaq s€r{ uoTlBJlsTSSU .T

gnoIIr{v Tg raAolco oe &rTpug {eei[ lJodeu uoTlaeTg ltT{eefi a'r

'.C-

.Ie6r. aq+ 3u1:np pa:ncco u131:o IBcA+TtodJo s+uoprcuToN .puTr{eq lal er€ so+€pTp -uec ,t+..ed l6raqT[ req+O rsrer,oQloJ Eu.5u1r3 oJ€ oq,ll,lomJrnb puB e1s11a? .6soJpa4 .uos?ueg se+€pTpuac .{lJBd -uB g IBJaqTT .;:o uolldecxa €g+ q+Tlr. 'prruq .reddn eE+ aaeq IIl+s 6€+EpTpu€CIsrlo4aueg €+sTI€aoT+B$ .aorrraq eqq u1 dledrmac pooS e ?u1:prl s1 ouBJpaW .;eaa.m.o11 .1uao :ed ,tt.rTq+ o+ ouBJpsf,i Jo +Br{+ pu€ +uoc .red -t1uales o+ e+sT^o.I JouJerlop,;:o rtoepgpuec eq+ pere+sloq ssrjr.6{Tl stq .,{1.re.1e1sl1auoT+8fi sg+ Jo q+oq o+cau put TarnaT Jo ecuasa"rd eq;, .Z .sB+sTIuor+BN .,tq peluesa.rd slua0rr?.ra poJe/{suB +ou eaBq s s + B p T p u B cT B J o q T l e c u T s s c u T l o r d s T q + q T s e d o q e l s r l u o T + E N p e l e + s T o q s B r { 6e+BpTpu6c lBrrolBusE rlsTTsuoT+EN ,tq pTaq ?u1leaur +u6ca'I eqJ SVCI\IYJVg

sIs.tlvNv oO !? 3uTp el.rodeg uoT?oetg

.::,

'1.)ECfi utr::9!:'ai.'li-to! "'!rr ell o'1. 31I) s-! soil"?cU uT sirEoJ 1? tcu'!-LoJ(.r olii- ,i:o ., tu?ljoEu]5lrJi acll3nlJu'! ':.lrFr . o J j o 4 r L ' J f o r l f . c : - i r ' - . 3 ' I oiil -i!.'.'r srrun: Jo asiloTOJ ari;! 6,-rp aq+ Jo alia ar1l. uo .:,uo,rl.s ocl ofi $a:il. r;c. tiuiloJ salrip-lpilr:c uo-!1l.aaio a"r: :l1r-ioa,1 '5 r-?q.1. :lul:/'"s IirT -ro!l-:ti".toqn:i ;ri,". Suour"e Jo^sorlll. ' li aal'f' a1]nl-u.--ii,i.r|;n.l.crlItcTl.-fTO.rj:or,'apr;cuTorjuooo,oJ'."-:la'Iotll'1i . s',:sirq 1i1.J'!.J-,'.q.;'i{ 'duooo.or,s:13'si]c,-s;-il]uo'!c3i.3il.]]'.il?TeJ;qTrI'i'lrrIl.oU.::oJ:oolt]:Ô.Ii': 'l:lr; arlr- ur sollltpTt,r-r" 1",i1.to1-u...tb'citi1 .;o :'u":tu:-'tls 1-;ase'rd epirli aq pliroiTs .ir"cl,;-iu-i I O1-1SiJIi aii .]rl o,oc- oil'l uT anul:luoc.ql 3uo1) ilj u! ' ' ' -llTrrs a"iE ;1rioa1 a 'r' ' pll]]i{ J:r\ iirrl all aîr, r.loo. -ribi11. .:sr,.ei'-.q iiTtl .l.oJ 'Z -f ::u guun'r s-! o- Jl opr-a1}' ioll;oAot o7.r',. l'i,:I,-, s"rl u(til so loo-t :o; r.iT€J1ra. 1r] S'101)'!SU0' (r:pu:t::rad) o1r ':ol 6uot1t.)li) !',io':t.J'Io:l'1lAcl aIill. 'l--':oôJ{ oioJso. Jll uo JOTIOJ oi-g; et41. iiU11 '-'o'-r:'r1sr:I or,- e f1rle'. lt-! sa1r.'teo, t1.n1] i)il?.olr. 3l--!Jr 1 ltLl oPuEuJ;l'l !"e-{:l' '!T:s--:-:'t 1.-i

.Jor"t:.: ai{rra^Ta.ar 11ir.'-o,',0o"or1?.rosolon 'csoci.:rn,, 9q1 ii: ?1::T^-::":i ' ji"rt er'o uoTl coia or-l?J.'fo ii"! arr'-. tlrrr:111.ria.IEii'-Les1-LT]t i.11 "titi ;,o s€ ric'31? e,q cr,. ai:rer,i eri-':'c1aj1s1p !,l -lioaix +sl-[ io'!-[3'i iliionii 'l::q/l' ir sJoulnJ sT 'l'i- 'T oi1.l liloJ-r ac'!J irtl^ToaDi oip'i oorif-il' rrol ciil.

SIlfl:'tts{: 11"..:ltrjr:l.a:i

(T.r ":cO 0Z i,uTPui );3a )

ffi 6?fr

-I6!q.

oei.1. Cals .JP1

'fep uoTlaaTo uo sTqnoJa Jo unrTuTure aq TTTr_erar{l leql pe^oTTaqsT 1T .roqog u! slap€c c,lou Jo lueuruSTssepal€Tdueluoc aql qlTfi .9 .rfret -3.€q puB un"sse pu€. sJalo^ EUTfT:rJo Joqumue . salqqenbs TecTlTtod ldAaxe oJnxeu snoTJesJo luepTcuT oN .9

-r€uerls oa o^rrre

'reraaoq:Hu *3{rlf:$*Hrt$,?11"53

1ouBrp -dns f1p11os eJe sJoqaeal er{l l€rll--poAJosqo sT lI .? 'oTJolnoT puB uos8uag f.rele"rcag.er€rtardJ, .{lnos er{l SuTdumlg s€lepTpLrec TeTJol€ -ua^s dT (a) olf ,t1uo aes 01 luouluToddesTp ssaJdxe-aTdoad ^uey{ 'esorpad.'prr6 uos8ueg .ocueng .r($.ed .rer{lo eql Fuole pue lTaJ alTf.tb sT dN srll Jo orreJJo^ pu€ soubTJg ,uoscoT lefhd 'Tofi€T .BTareo Jo .(lTreTndod p-1111od arf,f .s urrerc -.apedru€ls eql surrnpslaarrar"II;:53$?slFS3"iJ

pue parnfuT eralr suosrod ltrrE[ .T9 raqolco Jo rlxo? eql uo uoT?oulxoc € pasnec or{fl, efJog JouJa^on jo lue8e TeTc -eos €_.Jo uoTloJcsTBuT ew} 01 anp sluaJordu€ eTqeJaBTsrroa ;sluauoddo sTri reno-e8pa paqTe8 seq (d,t) ofed .f .lfllv lqATTs € 8r..rn€q flTls sT B[Jog oluTcef rorr,ra^oe .?

aerJ 'rn;oc€aduorlceteBusruoc aqr Bur{Bru

r" ;38iT$*nffi TeJlDeoq prnoir JJ€ls Jo JaTrIc s"{1 pus osueJeq TBUoT?€N ^' -Jo rtrelerceg aql l€rl1 ecueBTJruoclnq SuTqlou-e err rtoij -ruapro pr€n8^rrBA ?rr1nou """$?5:ug$t5j""E

ur rtc€rao

&tcTTod qTql lueureldurg01 sLroJia sTrt uT fes -rt€s8€ytlifr€lercas dn rlceq 01 BuTot oq sI (q 4uo1126t" OoJJ pu€ lseuoq .uee1c e lueureTdrnt ot peuTulratop TCTTBoJ luepTseJd aql sI (B

:suoTlsanb eses SuTliseeJe aTdood .T

trffi

TOHOS

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::ajori

''rr'

Gil !u;ra'r, l-r'. Jose i Laure:L Carlos I Gallcla itranc:isco lbl-$a-do -ji'r:l.i ro ft ircias 0j ':lre i1beral

]ial-t;- ihe

iollo'.-j.n

rr:

"lr r:ret: tixr ncts'l tturi-,,,I' ol'

Vol:eS:

Teodo:o .jvangelis ta It'i.rt'-'i,i,vo Lovina i.,i.c, Bongzon or Pjo Pe,lrose. -Llio;;u-ears'neri.:rr,;e?-.:r:c$eni,:-:,'i,ivc ie:alro 0j'il;o;re rurririnl,j forirha 'Lo ;rc j,nsi,stalri,:l-Jr rpnlionec.i ::s of this r,ieel<. l.,:ls ccne oui; iirelc l..s 1.re:n no inri,rcrr', of l,.oli-iicr1 cr:iijjrl ,.ur:'jn l.hc Eee:i. iior:ever, "Lhc,lt nersonsr l1 oi ','lrol; rr,€ c lad. "leeclers, cor:, c,s:i-i-r] -Llc :,loar.d ojl fnsle c !,rls rn 5 -orecinci,s j,n bn'r'j-o ,.:'enas, j,;.a; ai r:ri-io 'l,he ije].'.r ;<j,dr1arr)eCon retLu rie.:l safei,.' on the l-st dr -- o! rcgistr'p-Lion Ii1,rnini: of 1J 0c i;coer l-9<l aiter" rn,ier'(oi n.. hirr.'oi;i-rig eyr,rer:icnccs. ir.

In ';l're c.:::e oi' l.]rmic-ira-l- eiec ii on, i-1. is conccrLert th.at 1j, or,,t i. cil Lhe ?1 nuD-'.cirr.l,i iie s r','-l 1 ele c L rrirt oi's oI bire Libcr:ri- l,ari;r .

,ieekl.l/* !lec--{on ( i,'eek . n*in:

j,le,,,,o.t"

20 Oct, :;t )

-:i..".L,'.S,i.$ l,illti:lSljii:,,

1..,,^

r,t]:l_ ":i.

iih::'i Seci'etar..,/ t.:a:s:ll..sa.ir s Dlan ,ro rter.u_.i:.ize .i

"o'*oi-'iio",;;"";",_:oiiJlji ;i:"; :::,":liljl ii:::*11, *,:..i,1_:"".:,1":";" il...iri.-1".t;;;';", .:.I;*';; Jl."ali"l

:f ?::::h"y: il", t: :::y"" :i: :. ":1:jl;:, ,"'o1:9 .*g.io'--;.rcr"..J1"",:nt i'l'..,:ir"li""iiil"., ,i,",!, 1::,:1, i: ,:1*,lli:_Tta i.i"-i."" "i;;-;:l''..:" jl";#l?l;=":;j"i_llj-, i;. ";' ;".a;;1";; i'urr.r"uv! 'jrc irlr;':rol . .a;;ii ::cseivj,s is ere trr.lnecr "ori["i;r- l",r'],:r1;

ihe co,,n-r,-.r^.

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r- ,.

-.'- e3-i, i.Lel.ni,n pri.:i.r,il

:l:;I"':"".:"'";::'i^lll::-.r::'t: 1,.'[-""'i.r,.:f".r";;r1:-i;;",,;i;'.''.i::;il';, ; -i,nltir.l-.i l.,i.i"l s .

s.Lj--r.1liov. lr:ai;ansa ..;Io has ,;l.te c.-rlt(, ove: !t.,_u(.jn,.re-ss]rr.n u-rz.

t-s rv5.r,;f ;1.; ;r.;r;i;ion:.,,ve,.:L1c,.r.Lt,;...i i:.,1 -. ,,r(, ...,,.lr.r,rr. i,.. De-; ..':,r.)...,ot:i. irr.. -r.l ..y,. .). nr, ]o.;, t.f_n .i ,,,._..,,,i_r, ol.-ibrOC".,io ,. io, " . ,,:n.r'c' c'r,i.cr- . ii-,

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Tn i,lie sc.r.Lor-i::-1,race -l,irc clt.nccg -Jriiino, oI. u:i.n-,ii.i..<r*.Jcsc I, leniizon, I, i:tc.tr.s, Josc l:1i-:1'e1,'..",ro"io " : " " , . 9:::i::" _Lii"f._!" o l J , r,eui,a::ro, i.:,,o -'c . . . : - ' r i : : o . . : ,l r : j O , r : . : ' . - : : , . i r , : t , o " = A ,\,. , : ? --tercd. Jilt'.n ;;r.:'-.:,,;il: . ,^ Tt,,:.,,r-r'ie11;i'-f;1;"";i;-;;",,r-,_ _cje in evcr.; :rock o,,,tl,..t.fu]lr:.j:r: 'L t ,e rlr.rleri i:,: i, Z ci -Li.rerrr a.t.e l:ac:ion.'r..t-:l 1;:r, s.i.:., . t r.i..ic.,In ;;ii -i.,ririn Lc .).r:',n:'i, i;on ri'.i:ir.n.tl.:i..1:i....i,i. ialrei :.Iit-ili::: rs r',er.. rrc,r 1y:ri.:e.,,.'r: e'ren ,':crncL:ibr':i.-l-s ,,:L-'r1c.r,oijs ,.,l:;.i:,. .;i]; i::.os .Ltr t;ccr, n-j.r.:j.r.r S;.:ff.'ttr, l.

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Weekly Election

Rep"rrts

(ireek Ending 20 Oct 51) AXALYS IS

SrrBzaN be stiff 1. The LP headquartere at Lucena cl"aillls the ft gltt !til1 chanee for both but with evoatual I"P victory. There ls a ftfty-fifty parties for govornor. The tranefer of polling places to poblaclon or along h iglrways amking the poLl.ing places far fron the people greaf,ly caused the decreage in re;iistration. .As was reported, the presenco under the pollce of either FC or BCT Dotaclments in each nunicipality quezon poosible high of th6 the norale of tho makes PC Jurisdiction aa a result of th6 plotection afford6d. oivilians 2, Aside fron the other S€Iatorlal" Candidates nentioned in prarrious reprt, Ex-S6e. Bengson seems to be g,:ttj.ng a good foLIowing. In the c-se of the Senatorial The lc,nyers of Lucona are his admlrers. t.he rotln publlc of this ppovince will cast their votes reline-up, .ardless of party affilietj.on. 3. Except 6'or the case of two (?) flying voters in Padr€ Bur€;os from Sariaya, tho poli.tical affiir in the provinca has been very normal. 4. So far, QuezonProvince is still in the state of political. norrnalcy. fivllian norale is high. and nen AFP and PC officers have behaved in th6s approaching election in the manrer they are expectod

ReportE

Alrl.ALYS IS

RTZAL

tr@ EM'{t

1. Except for the diehard parlrmen end th€ wieducated voters" no €treight party yoting wt1l be raade but the electorate will voto for candidates based of their ab j.lities and gapaelties. 2. Situation has not changed frorrn that of laet report \rherein Dro Sixto Antonio ia stil.l in the losing end. Eolrevor, recont Liberal Part;r tours rnay yet change the situation.

this

lhe follorring senatorial 3. proviuce duriag the weekr a. b. o. d. oa f. g. hr i. 6.

candidates

hsye the upperhand in

($P) Dr. Jose P. Laure I Prinittvo (SF) Lovina Mariano Jesus Cuenco (l,P) ?ebdoro Evangelleta (tP) Manuol Briones (SP) rloee P' BenBson (tP) Francieco Delgado (NP) Josefina fhodaca( fndepondent) Tr.o yoar tem - Prospero Sanidad ( Independeat)

]'lo incident

of political.

origln

occurred during

the D€ek.

ENDING27 OCTOBER, 951

RO!'IBLON

s"'

a. Somepeople say that clue to the uneven match between the cinOiates ior governorshlp 1n thls provlnce' the Naclcnallsta Party ls approprlatlng sufflclent anount of cach for the pur?ose of buylng votes ln tlme of electlon to lnsure theli vlctory as rhat they ltsve.done durlng CongressmanMoreno and Ex-Corâ&#x201A;Źressman tfie last eleetlon. leaders of Dr. Medalla, for the Lâ&#x201A;ŹDnardoFestln dlehard vovemor Mayor 1s leadlng the camNP, wh11e the lncrnnbent palgn for tfie LP. b. No change ls rade ln the estlmated liercentage of voters each canalldate for gover'nor nay get as of the last reDor?. c. Senatorial candl-dates 1n thls provlnce 1s st11l None of the senatorlal eandldates for both parsllent. appeared ln thLs provlnce durlng the weel( coveredl tles by thls peraodlc report. d. Both partles are lx fufl swlng canpalgnlng 1n all In allrallles munlclpalltles held by the thls provlnce. 1n general and the NP they larnbasted the adnlnlstratlon adnlnlstratlon of GovelYror Mayor 1n partlculr. Most of lgnored the the people that were present 1n the rallles rn sone LP polltlcal denlrnclatlon. ra1l1es, they Iambasted Congressman *oreno for non accotnpLlshment for the the provlnce fron the tlne he took offlce up to the present: However, no polltlcal. lncldent nappend durlng- th4 weel( covered by thls report except 1n some lnstances of the raLlles made by both prtles were speakers teoned.Pg soltllers were detalled ln ralUea to Dreserve Deace and order. e. So f&rr peaee and order condltlon ixce 1s under c mtrol-.

ln thls

prov-

o l'ieekly Electlon

ffi

Reports

lfr;'ek-ffis".6,ic-t-flT A}IALYSIS

';".

soRs0GoN

\ .d.J ii ltr ( -/ .ir

Vi.-l:---zlJ

QfiKg

ft has been noted durtng the lreek that the strength of the 1. Liberal Party has been bolstered with tho release of money for publie works projects thus accormodating nanv laborers. ?he people believo that the eLection in thi"s province wi Ilf;H elean and honest one. 2. Tha relative a6 fo1lo;,YsI

strength

of tha 5obernatorial

candidateg

a. Governor Escudero 78!.1 b. Atty. Yicente Peralta 20iC c. Antonlo Pesino 2% The present records of Governor Escudero while governor of this has assured the lead of thi.s candidato.

are

province

5. The nost i:portant devalopnent i.n the Senatorial c o n t e s t w a s the arrlval of Bengson and lovina, .wtrich has bolstered. the Liberal hold on the province. The line*up of sonatorial cand.idates with t h e i r r e l a t l v e strength is as fol]ows, .

week.

ar b. cr C. e. f. 8. h. i.

Jose P. Bengson feodoro Evanp;elista Pio Pedrosa Antonio euirino Prinitivo Iovina Joseflna phodaca rloee P. taurel iianuel Briones Juan BorSa

4. There has been no lncident of political o r i g-without in Curing the lloetings were conducted orderty and peaco fu1ly inv trouble.

'.t

weekly Election Reporte

IfiffiTfiC?

ETAT.D-

S'JLU 1. Tho publication are swlnging many voters 2r 3. in this

No change frorn that $enatori-al province for a. b. c. d. e. f. $r

of fraude conmitted by the Llberal to the NatlonaLista ParW.

No incidonts

previously

candidatos ]yho tlg the weekr

reported. llke]y

+o have the upper hand

Jose P. I,aurel Jose P' Bengson C a r l o g P , G a r cj . a Jose Locsin ManueLBflones Antonio Qu.iriro Sil Ptryat of polltlcel

Party

origi.:r during

the week.

-3"

I Weakly Election

6ftfh,

{*#

Reports

IFffi E-diJrrJ-76lc_T-5l-I AI{AIYS I S SUBIOAO it

L. Voting public in this province are uapredictable, although is believed that the Nationaligta Party w-i1.1 gain the uppct hand,

2, 5x-Govornor SiLvosa, candidate for govornor still Diez trail,ing tho masses, with hgineor not too closoly. thirQr

controls

5. About sevenw per cent of the Np senatorial candid.ates and percent of the Lp candidatas are expected to r,via in this provi-neel

4. No incidents of polltlcal origin 41L qqalifled votars were able to register

happeaod durlng peacefully.

the uâ&#x201A;Źok.

*?.-t.t t

ffie

,1iie.-r l(l]I*ple ct ion i:leport q (l:eet Ilno:rg 20 oct 51) .i ;iL'15-;5

i:r-i1I,.C

Ql:(ii'.i,

-ii.ic roollc o-' 1. There hn$ been a $,ii i,ci: in i-,he a'i;iJi iurie ol .Lhe !i]-rlac, Tar'lac aji,c-r: i\iac:.ona-r,isia Partl,'iLeadcrl b.. Scn. iana:ia i:e1c . rref'Lin._ in che cvenj-nl: oi 1l+ 0c;-ober 1'.'51-:t Lhc lubU-c rll z:. .{r, lal-1;rc, Guest sDee.kers Sr..n. Tanacla and llllgr:arteri:iau Lion 0. of Tiirlec, g;ra:'t s urrr co:'1-.rn-"i':rns irl,o rel-a';cil evcrl' i)i'; oi' u:i1--leu.s:n.L:rctu:Li.r;r:, ;Llt,i .r:i.s ic -l--i-o-,','e b, il€ i,ibere-l, rle!l.t-ir, r':i',t-l:i,c;r-ir-,.::l_ r:j, r' i..l€ lrosidcni 'rii.r. i, cre:ted, clolrl-15 :':.n i,:.re ri-n:is oi i:i:.e i:ecr.rlc oi r;rll-a.c r i;,.i |rc citl,.', .Ll.e,':c'lt sccl: i-nsie.ld of ihcir :ir::i L-.iici a:r,, sL-1i)1 orL 'Lc'biie i-iooral,;, .;

t i:.,'or.

i;;19 p1]r.6s;':, i j.on ,

2. Gov. t'in-Lonio l,ole g s'iil-:]- rclds 'Llie u|pe| iLairri a-i ,r)reJeril al-l:.j.nsi . , 1 : o r , . o n r ' : ^:.. r . O 1 , , . : : : , j' - C n a , ; . . - I r r , - l ; : - - q , r 1 i 7 , _"'e e n f l 1 . : , l o r :t ' a t : ' . ..1. Loirez i-s sllr)1-.irted is .1:ini,n1: on LoJ:ez bu'i i,s uo-L i.:rue a;rd rnfo ir-n{re 'u r 1. ; l.ein ,ri..lo i i - al-' t'c 'oLi'..:c3l U:.-rJi :: ci -; c 3'.:-€, i'1..1..r-.l.oc:rno,; 3. ;:o linc u.r ol eaicid-etes oi iJ solc lra'i'tf iri-],l lrl \:o-;.{r il',- ari r-o 'cv,ir, ilrlones" l,aur-el-, l)r-!.ra r nl,i-iic:.,1- i'ac l,ian i,ld-.1rro'..i.nce. Lr axd l-.;r.clrr,r'i:,';:i--l-l ilulueta oi !:he lracional-:is-ia- r-ii, -1. 3l"e:'.n gcoci su]."oo"'o i-n '.,.'l::: rrii-,oucqlrnbcr 'ion-' iuir ino, !cdlose., lcirgsorry fil1a.i:eai, Cl,cnco i:.nri i$ani..clirta of -ilae l-j.iJeui.1 l,hc arc ver';- ircJ.l- lrLO,"n - n ;i.ris l-oc al-:'--t;... i-,. ,.o cri-irre o..l-'roli|,i-calnr:-Lr,r.r'oltas i,recn ::cr-.ro1"r,e(jt':i i:ltin . e- " io d c ^ . r ' c . b . , , f . i : r c n o r " , 5. :!s t:,e ro11,Lni; rje-ie is nei]rin,, clir.ra-.:, ee-cir iLird r:ver.,'one of 'L| e ci,lrdi(ir-les of Ltc di-ficren'l :i':,.c'Lirns ::'e bcco: dn une-.r.,- ::t : .orr.s io|Ltre bea-t in -Lheir' -i-':r.."rot:.la.-r:..ii:r ni,l'htr rol-j,:i-c;:.L rLe.i1n..it .r:re i]eL., i.a! eva-]t c :r'nr1' oi L i.s r to.ri-nca. .:ri.i. ir, rrro:.i,i',r.1:,iirc:ia i,'ri i_s i,ri3.. ca"n,ij-rir--;e s , rci:-.::'il-es: a-r '-.ol-ili-ce.1 :'-:, -1:i.l:i,:.i.:ii:nr lrck, r:;,1-l,!,cs :L ;l:e

s3-ri:r 'liij-llll, il-t Lilii siii:l.-, ll-acr :,n,:l i::ilr1'ciji, iir(l:i.r ,.d',is ';o iili:: 1r.:ro,'l-.r one a,.].'La.r-i,haro-Li!e-J, .'e'; irc un i,oii:..1r,.inrr i|--r:.; j:;r-,:1.iriir -:c;,;evr:.', in't,ensi; -r-ecl ,.]1,";r'oil.:ini: j-:: l:cLnl.: Ljrcleyl .'-en o - orL-L Lr-L)or:: , o sito"l: .,:ru r--eol-l-r: 'r-l:a!l o'Llt .ijrc:'r. jassi.oll:is.i,r', 1]1' -LccL i,.el'ir --n Lj.Le et:orcise cj r'i;ir-l o.i' sili.r::.1,;c, to 't.,:i'n'L:'1n a: i;',,c iltrr le:rceir--l- el-r.c iion,

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l .la t i nn

-ir^4i (' /; rr ^: ^. .: .' _ i ! t . , h : i

r'3 1

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i,l

)

r-r'lJ,-.aijTs ;io'tt1cil tlJ off icis-1 s3r.r tfr' r- i-i:e Ll-i)err1 lr,l-1: l. The pec.le ;ic.v:lit1l.ai-.i:: over tllS c..il{)a illiorlist 116;1g ci:J,il-iii.:ii{ls irl r,,3 ' t I e cr..r1lo;,'e:ls i-lae l,irc1'l{ill g -r-n 'r;l l-ich il"s 3i:riosl- a.11 c f cr tir 31r- calididecJ'. '.. -'lr .lr- -'tl I t aiol"rernor, Jovericic 2. 'i:1e j_rcir.4ir,.--n li;ri"tll il:s iial!J,i s y{}hava ti-:e u:)rcr-4i,-ril. i.r tl1is ela)cticn. r:' i p'rtirizers, le is =t-r.tt. at,--::i1;,' l.h â&#x201A;Ź;a;/,'o! 1i3 1:oir.l- rct')s. iai 1r'ovl-llce 13 stl 1l 5. Scn:-ltcr1:-1 c:;1ili-Clrl"es 1n 1-.:l j c l-i:Cii'il.teS oi i){lth ,r:1.-}-1,:3cq. torii:-l s 1irnl,. l.lar.:e cr tne s e t.r.;.r. '!Yeek c cY3re c b.i' 1,hr's t-lr.reer'3{l- rn tirl ri :rol,',i,ltce ai:Jrill: l,iie 4 . f n s r . . : e r : l l i e s o L . r h d r ' : l - , i :1 . t l : S L a p r . r t r i j ^ T . . C e , j Tablas 1:jland.s, .ix Conilressll:il1 Lil['n:.ird o ]in,l.r cs r,nc Ocicnian ar," g ainllaii:;11 naln:.lrer' l.tl"l'ii]':.s l-: j,tbe.sted t'lla :.tlrninis* ;l'estin, cl' r.o1./. .lovoj'lc1c ili '-3n-^ra1 , :r,ti ti-le ad.nr ilisl:rat,icll tr3-tirn ' ( ' r ^ r ' . r t i c ' ' 1 r, ir' *. ,:: 5. 5c f3r, c o n'ltr-o1 .

r,re."i.cea-nd ot^der in

tni-s

'11'ol"r-'L llc e i.s r-lndar

I1.,C{..C::'i(,i.1Tl f . ir a':.'nel^'':1.|,::ir--rf Cr' l-l'le ^'j- c:f q, ir1 the C1:tj r-a DrCiiS C,'Titi]li; .jleCtj-r-,n Vj..i:C: lL.: Sj lbnt ]!ij- u{tt SO Sjfit_).]S iti .._iallke ii)e .)r|]',, clecilcns. peorle, 1ei]ts or 1l.ritJ/ rc..'.;t;l.d i,h3 r,:UCji :.r.Jl ver.i t:rliljn bi.. irr:1iS:{1 i'ier-l.tr'11i t,..j i.'te i i11;i,iCrtiS , jccret-1r'jr.,,,llg.sir.;.S;1-1,:1ir11irllrlrjr it e adqil: rt,rl's in illt-s ccr,t|til -l -cr,i-i L. :1. :ic.I. Friirc La-zaro tt-:s :lt'"111 l:ta upirar 1.r-ild. ill t-iie slrrrori: oi tha t1'lc :.LrlJ.?rlir.io]'ir1 r"c3 as ite !ra::,j the i 1.1--l--l ,1:i-qlriCt, :1Or"' g111r.1g33:n44" _lt tite f irst :'nC .lrirr'tO I !.:1.:].:r'C '1r''r'a r-r:l i.i, i\.aC ir.rve il rli :.s i^ f il !,r'tc1it-,' osa flr. Ji'"r:r-s{,r a].eJlar',;!.i-riarl:trr'to 1"!i1l lYi-n. 3. lhe s.ilF- t..rril:r-l c:r.rrii:-ill.te s oi ].he l,? ha.ve i-iie u"rcl' hand- 1n l-n-',s pr:'ov.i1rce fir tit Judi:e ,,rnlon1o [,,ui].j-ro :1s tqe ,,tost tt,O,i-ra{l1etC]-..nDtCqOr. Tlle ljac i. c jt:1f i l_i.1__i:_ ll,t:tral3d. C3.ir?i$n ii r''oi-r lr-t' ir,:reci: J1::1r.l.t,',i CiLo" ltot ili.r xaic b;i :eh. a?,. Osi:'.s c.i, I*? c:litaild.i,.tes.

- 2 Tl

a,a.ar.:

-a,y-f

a.rrt

t r'l

4. 'lhere has :Jeen no inci{i.nt ci rrcliii c:r.l ,.rr-lr')-ri,'tne we3K. prillf l-car1 cail|ii.iErr rrralsconducl: tle.?.cefu1lJ ::ro crc.:rlJr. lrir'r^q -:-*--j-::.--:-----:

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2. 'l]ne fighi for icvernorshi? r::]lined iust- tne c:'.udl.(l,a.te cf s:ilne lretweer! t.,t!"r. '1" cf iana, Lrfiici3.l the lP :ll]d Att:r J. C1v']lonEl1, off r clal cln.l,idate (-jf t he \P; ft rr111 be a verlr close I'j.iht.

-rrrtj f s, 3. S ena.t,{-)rj.i.1cilldid,?.1les oj both pcl1iicr1 j-11 '.,.*-^ ll -e(rr)r11'r Stronfl. .lloxreveli, tl'l? re 1'r I-.: ard ll? lril1 ;r3t_ i.iCf9 rrot3$l ltitan the lll:. nore I,? Crndi(i?,ilas ihilt :jec. l]enisori iuLd ,\tt_r -on.' _rli-ino 'r11 loD ?11 oi4er L1'' fnC l.]P ci.rnclida.tes, rr-n{'i +,i1i-.c'l.nall * Dchei.ricur of tile i:lect.oratc 4. \te ,r.r1-.rd i 1-y.. ^.:/.+ i .'^ ,._i,'1:r.-.}:i','.Oi l 1,i a,j:.,r_1. rr-fL'iLi:t"iiOn in lir-s been exenplar;,'. thr-s rrovince '-.liiZ Cli' 1. PeoDf-^ e ti11 tallr aooi-rt just h c1'r tnis c crlr);l.n"r,/ 1,h,lrq ,,iten l.1a i,'r.-.t,h.r Of Can ire lo1:rrirtcj tc be sii1l .Ji' l:n:rt tjre iij-tilrdc I'ij-evir, C{, tt L,o\-re co'rl'r'r..t' i- l i' r-161-lr ;CT is I,]r c:iitdidal,c .Tcse iil ijr./ii, J:'. 1"cr ini].Jrcrs;ricf r.il-craielon. Feo|-le sii.f 1 lx,cnder how tne ,'lcnllers cf the -cye c oflDaslrr cat be :lnade to i{e e! off fro"n .clitj_cs I n 1.hat Arqii irriren Lii,- cc'l.-nJ' corn 1:rhrlgr 1g tlte brcther of carididate Jose llle"',/a for na;"'6r ot' lrria-ca-leloi-].. 2. :!s io -rrho lvi1l lrin in l"ite ior'1rhc oilinli election .:. ila questi,cn ma.15tt. LF 1e ad_cus f or i.a1,/et-nor i: sti-ll nc lcnrer hF.ve si.lch conjlidence as th-^.y had ia iile lrel/icus I i s c c n i n , " t l t c l - i ' ^ n i , : r ' : . : r ' _; - 1 'r ' . r I ,n ' 1 .f . ' /) r r t . H l . t l r " race. ijouij l-e-crossi4.q rrnon,- I.rPrs is res]cns j,l,-rle f'or tilis. 3. PeoNle here Co nct s!)ti'l to re r,tterest,e{,r irr iqe s:nalorir.l line-l,rp. L:r'rre1 1s ,ruch t?.llreai o: ir:.1{-. to qeCtOrs j_nf'1r,jence i_n f:rnd 31:-ritj-..,.'t.nd Ti:.9|i ']nd Of T:,ft1c]"!S . i e 3 F i - l . . - ni , i q r r . r . 4. ,\s fa.r' es this IIq is :ot,cet-n.j.! +trere w.1-snc Ltltto$a.rd ir.rcld-enl-s durir_iti" tl. fast rcl'is t1-3_tiLr n .:"nC tolj_ti* cal cstx'-\a.i rriiiiclt c:in lje decldttdl;' cc4siderad e.s cf fn, : ,c l l - i c . 1 1 c r ' i . " ' t " 1 .

a rr !''l Pl-,t i ot"l

Lrllfpl.l

Reports

(l,ile-.kEnCing 13 C c t 5 1 ) ,AIIAL'TSJTS

LIlsai"'ris o -uhe neofle iS in f a 1.'Or 1. The ,q-oner8-l Opinion Oi i o f siect''et,3rt./ l iairss trsa.,I s a-ctlrr t J-ons in ea.r'n?s l 1.'r c :r.11Tilqrr nit-l,,crlnf f ot' ciean, honest, a]',d orderll/ alect.ion-q, be I ie1,'e th:r.t, Dresliii ent t,uit:ino shoulcl 'a.]('le:l-vcl-to f i-jlc 'lCre rilen of :recrelal1.' - j i31'sal,,.sajrt s ti.ille. .lie1a.i11,/e .ts"iieguberna.tori'.1 e.rndida.tes st:r-iid.l-nfls of 2. iis l,feelc renain t he sa;.Leas r: rlorled tir.is nrfovirice f or enll,'ieril.t3d ln .'4e ia.st !rrevialislJ,r (irte tc iiie 5:,ii]e riasors re norl i,n :re f cilolvlr-nl crdel:: Cov. Peci-cllcio .j \jsil.i-'Ln:i :nculiicnt :l;1 _Con,,reslt-titn peilrO Sa ia.C..t11o

Tcnas l.i.]d.rante,a noor th.ird.

3. Sena f.oriiLl caj]aLida.t,es cerc'i.a , lar-re1 , c:j.tl)c o , i.,r,],i'Iite oorrtlari*";i qi tairro i.irlrl zu1uc.tr. i]re 10cai] f n.lJ'crltes. ,1a..;/ oe'r'df; clcse l)e attrirtLlte.i'to iirelr Clrci:. iind. Cuencc i-c +.he loholaticn :.rij cebr.tal,jc :19;nent.s sc3_itertc all c.,/er n ' L ,' ' r . f l .

f",lO,

,i. riei istratiorl ,,e.\f

;:. r',.r^h/:?.

ih,1

cf vcirrs

ns exDec'l-3d. $as nct a'rsi!ea.1..::

j r - L l . t t i er

f-iii.iSl:fijir

lilAs rtea].l.,i

12, 000 ilor tll@ 1,rhole :rovt-nce cf l,ii,sanis Or'J,elnial i.nd :ln es l.i latecr. total cf 65,0a0 is excccte d b;' titr,' end cf, in-a -'erio\i cc..11cal'eil 1'ii t.h the 57, CaO of reeislereC re5.ia,*.tton .rr.'6r-S 'n

I ll!.

6 Ccr: ir1) l-. I;r rn: c:r' tll,' lr:-aiioii:.1is 1,a fil.lhi..s j.1r r rq ('lt,' rf * tire a.lnin-is tr:t ti cn b.j' trle 1ilrer:-1 .?-rt7 rirss 1.?-illi.rits ilttu:.a, f..ital :].;l :-t*r:1nt,:.lC of i.;ein: cc:llLIrf,, c.ta'{)cke.1 rlisilalest. ii tc 'riclrrre I rls isr.ju. tc lr ic rri-[: a ]lo],id +.ll'li 1i.st.:ted :iil'-?n+,irri:1.-r, tr'e 3 ool.li tr' rlic lot, :ertitut3 lc ' l:iilt:rrt i. t:l 1r" .ie ojl -!nls -.'r'r,:r7ti cn-l "illrlr.e-r ln C:r.ir1,:itil j-i-iio a, J::lt:ttr 1ri.3f , i'cf,lil]l '.,,. -:.1i',i i' -. :,s ?l{iJ:t't1e .t-r-ic,,.:r j-ir:r.1,i.o S. fiz:1] * tc\' :aa}.cn.T'1n.s ': r'a i,: (la) i.i1a1:r inr]o a.:d rt:i r f ro, a reset-r,re crf]-iaer f tf re1' I |ti.*e ,e;tv j-,:ir1-O.:,-'r.,)nt3tt-t trtr) )C Cai_1ell. 'lhe Str:erief' S3i d fr-t llitd C'i0,?eIr.Ctirilti a..i: ajil_.:riirrtr,itni,,j1a iS ,t t,i;3r.il r t'' ltj,-S t.ICU ib.: ng1r :i.S nfo1"r'1.ijCii_| r;3:1,1t1n6.9]. d.L..f. in ,."r-ls:ln eX.1,,.r \,,t1,1. c::t tc ell,j:lloit c: :l-.r.nsa.itd ltis crrri ia)i.l.l.c1. j:o 3-ar_ 'fr-.!r.rij lne iitec.r,iic |i.ch lrirnself L.J all i'lr.-iil L.rafcu1. i'.iill !l-n i{erg ilct co'rrlnit--3i1 bJ/ Crrt C a.t,:l-]1,. rei r,ilal:ltJr aliei"oi'llj/ ' ' r ' 1

1 . . r

t a r n f l r l l ^

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4 . 4 r ' r - , y a

- 2 ,{:.!El!-!- c.I,.t ',f ?,. Cf r,\e i','lC ccil]:ilnc1::rS :Cr til.: ;,r.i]:ernatcri-i].1 lcst. -! eripib -!'?..1=t1a!.- r-].si iaiil ,(c (i,) a ji.r'e.it1.r.r ira.s i. ii(l-40;, ':1jill,1e o 1.r-.r :lr.ti0ra-l i stl ci:t.lica.f.! j :,'3]tx,be|tc ),.,f :rli. i:f,.Tns, ii-r.rr'e -1-s. 1'j.,qi]t iJet1,^recr]tlle i1!o .l-it i.xe carstil u'I-l?r agus a.n "1a",' .rove f at:r.i tc toe liec i 1,'nil. r-1s t.n-s, ilitis i ij flUe to tat3 itlld Ci 1',\2 121|t1l.r r'OVerllrit-.qrjt iite e-'l-eCt..r-'

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'r-i5iic,-.

ffi

WeekltrElection Re!crts (i'leek. ,lnding 13 Oct 51) i,l'Al'/;TS

/-rf!'rirralraa

1. Inf omatlon ,lathered both frdin ners;cns o{ tqe and tl:e ra.sses 'r; tirat ,nbst 'lreoDfe of inteltigentsla tris nrcl/itrce sircn{1lr believes tirat re cc''iing electiol nro1/lnc u i!.nd t.hi,s e llf be clean in Deaceful. 2. W. Cuillerrlo Santelices has the bi,-;es+. cii:.nce ccning ollt in this electlcn. i|lr. Sant.elices liacl fjeen ci 3 Sul3r1/isine f eacher f or: a f onâ&#x201A;Ź: *,.i,me end had tne chance nf

rrr.r nr-

r.oon

ecc I :,.611

:.n

-1-./.+{

ner r 1, .11

Or/3j.

i.1e

n:O-

vlnce, conseO_uentlJrhe had nade conriectlons liith the neoole i-l al, .,;unicicalil,ies. Eein, l.'re of f iei?.1 liDoral rrrt]/' ilas cartdidate he ihe supi,ort or' the incr-inbent Coni]]'es srr13n ae Leon. 3. The Liberal senatorial candldates seeix tc ha.ve tne u:ner he.nd in this rrovince for the oerlod covered b), next re r-"rol-t,. 4 . 'lo Cate nc incld ent of ' rroli tical ori,' j,n rs knoEn .r hi\,^ C66nre^Crt:.j. +O thLS eada'r..rttrs. trejr lcn .5" Re,r'1sr orC 1r:f .-.'.

of .'rot-a1's1av9 been verv

Deacefrrl l.nd

Sors oi:,on 1, The conf i.lence oi] tne :eonle touards tne Phrtlrpine Cc)nsiabula.ry and the AIIP in i:eneral h.ad been \rerl/ l'luch streni'thened with the actual facts ha.pDenl-nlnot onl.r/ in this pirovince but e.lso rn tlrc r11:f -.rerri lro!'i,nces i-n |,he. exa,C:iLtcn O

i . '-r,

'r:e

'.nnn 'lr'6,1 .\nlic'

i-'r^ 1T,.., .\, l.- :l(l

',16

U. As of this rveela ihe strencth of .,_ube rn:trtcrial- carldidarte, incujnbeilt Cb\rernor .iiscudero seensi to ha.ve increased in rrieii' cf i,,,ie intenslr,re canpil-t']s conducted bl. the a-d.nlnlstratlon 1ea,ders sr.-1ch. as Sen. Teodoro de Vera, Con ,ressman Tonz.s Clenenr-e ilnr: r e,l'l -octl_on1st i{enber of ihe ;card liarto'6t:rey's lore Lse and reelectlcnist trunicipal ci'- this prol/ince \''Jn O are mcrst1,7c-i t;te l,iberal oarty su.lortini' tile adtli,rtj_stra.ti on "

- 2 z

The senatorial ccntest is sti1l an/. tne

ouit

reO^le nl',' lOre atr.enti^.

dates . crl3ln

4. There has been no incldent dur inf' the rve-^!i.

e6il'..9

of ncte of ro:L1t,ical

5. il{ithejrhe erri\./al of Pr.eslelint {:uiri-nc fro'ri 3n.-1n, cr.ndldate oi the Li,berar.l t:rart./ rnd hi.l boih th? officiel -19,?.derlscn one h?nd :,.1,dthe Rebel l,ibel :1 pi.li'ilr crrn'r'^-i^ .rnC his 1,]ad3r's on the (]t-her, r.re r-!,i?-it..t ni: i'i-i1-i"hcrd.eve.l" or,r'rtenr.s on +fhe cct-l|overs)r be f,r.,;eeiil:ne t r.,c fitcili-,iis ;.r.sit::s I i:i r:eporat. been st,t.ic11 in f ast r,?,:ek Alba'Y 1. Lci',ica.:11y, ii is b-oi-t'19observ,td ,:'.11,r L r,ilose 'rrr o el\,: i:tte r-1einre:j,ttr'l a.Ctj.nj,Sti-11ir,rji.1if il i".ra l- iliScllst"4 .L.tt '/'itl'l l.he ll:1rj..-rt.|l i s tras or ir.il.t olt'i:anjz-^ L]] j,ndr'rarr'.aitt clici.e . i,c;'al l,i,brt; r-lS iecoille ircr.lier i,l:en ;re.lidLt.t+. r.rr,ilI'i nc arri.veil 'jj.rtil )xi].ny tn.in :i for ati_s c ountrir-;ri:iit 1il{e tlle l,th US-PI I tutua.f Dei{)nse ,Daci, the :'r1iend1l/Alliance Pi}ct 1.r Si,aln ?n.; the Cocdwlll relatiorl iiith Ita.1lr. 2. The fii"ht for tnF gubernatorill seat still re.ne-ins a" stiff .r1riillda.tes, ccrlpcr-iticn between the 'tn'o of ,ros.t-lrr-. \iii.r.h Cov. 1u/enancloP. 272'a trre L.lber., l- c irrd ida.t,.j s1i" ^.irr:.il/ on t]le ullerh3nd. 5. The :ncsi Doo'.llrtasrratrl.orial cr.rtrlidates arg: :enate Pre"id cnt I'I'rrj.?.no Cllenco, "Tos-^:enfzon r Evrnfrtlista.., Jcsc P I . a r l r e 1 , P i c F r d . r o s a , , T o s eZ u l u e t a . , r \ r t a n i , o r r r j f i p 3 , 1 1 . l rr( t/:.iyr3

1-)ha,,:.rpn.

/.. ?here hr.d becn no r.rlio'r','a.rC ine 'ielq11 Of .al. j tic11 ',,,Ie:l{. o.'i. :'r. n thot hannen6]d t,lis

I '

an'a t

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c I

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ffi QG-'s9

2,,\I,{B

''.it r en that r i tit d t'arlral f rc.l t.fle ,.-ilbel-na l;cr.l :.,i rr"ce 1. .ift irle rl-(-',i; rtce o--r.ri:-1.1jl,ij:tal ist:t c:r-rt4icatS a alir.i.],1o :sle1l-:) jr,lce'ne certa--r-n cj-irit:j,:- 1;r: etr::l;. perl a); 1,r;e fe riOri (.cvel eC ltaa'i,j't iaJ 1.ro c,!, *uiIe 13NCrl-tr leolle i cg ilre jr r o.-\iy] i on on itcr,q poli-L.ice j.sl run i'''.i tiri-s -rro...itce. 2. Lrut c,j. tlt'-l 2 renaininS Cauciidr.tes f ot' -c\.r i-lior., En:-r Villanu-e1./a 4as t re ulcel'ji?n.i, l14g:r-rse r 11'. Igt-ef la, ,ltrcnl'e3'r iis l-r\r?1J hr.s e.lt:e a-d'7'1?lthd rirr;n ills caaa1dacl,'. :osi[] e s, he rs s:'rrDortea bJ' ine Libe:fa1 Lratt)' rlt-d pr':r.ciica,l-l-.,r 3-1i r,tle riir.::Cide.t3s ior r,lir;'s1' 1i t.iti,-q rrc\r:Liice,. 3. A0cnt tlle s?ll!.tori.1 ca-ncian.t'ls f c.. the 3j-x--re'r tor1r, i.1! I.irer':,1s li-tlie 3,n u.!crh:rr1 :-n tri-e l1yq.7-ln{6. irgr13r"r91, f.lte ilOllOrri n.r- itre 'rj^:]on,athe .rtt.rSt rCrnt.lllI", aXroci pl:l .r' :-:rna,noi,he t-nlre.l_ I ir-,..rrIt crlecr-ors :

i-r. i). c. t1. e. :" f . h,

.l'cSe ,'' :err"so11 (1.) :1i" I )111O .T Cu.enco (L) ,lcCaiCrO j\.rin.ij1istn (r.) l' r'li 'rl-i,i r vo Lov"Lna (1,) llJ o ),-rar1-cs3. (i) .icse p Leurel (il) Cii)rl:.no rrri rlcir"s (l.l) Jcs-^ ,,Lilrret,.r" (l'I)

,1. r'la inri i,C.-..nt o.. lcliic:11 ori . i n cccu.rei:1 Cu,ri :'t., rne rir,'ell. th-o iith an.r 6til rei is 1ty'|.t1on,q o .1L1'l- i,1 i-oa .'l eaictls "veen ..rerr.' or-r r-2 ilr('!. LZ Cat 51 llrd neaceiill. L 1',,1'.ii\rA

1,. Tlte i{a.ti cti .l is ta c"t.didat? r-f.1- â&#x201A;Źlot/ernor.', present ir]c'n'rbeni O.ovel'ric1' lo:i-i-nadcr chipecc, he-s tite u:.eri]fnd ii:lora.3i l.rre three cir-rrdld8-tes f'or tlle s i-.i,C ncst {luri f-!j':the report. Cindldai..e Ch.loecc iit?";,'rlii.n . weel( covered brr tlti s 'lne th j's el,ecticn urfess er-^rt LlLroral ra"rtlr c..rn.l1r1.,-f-e l1Cre ciLlor-1,:l l-or :r. s.,.s1-,e tnat j..c ca-nparai,Tl :nd ct:.J.alti7.,?,tlon, 2. In the senetor:1,.r1can.l.ldale:i, it $i1.l.i be .-rr ei.ren ^t, .t_ia:ht ,"1l,h J;he l\lzr-tion?--.'1.',,s1.a. ht-I,'1nl a s-r-ir"'hi ed: e.

I - 2 -

,i/ A-\*6t

lel.s l: or.t a,i r,hrl nlne ct-nfi 1-C.1.t35oi ine rl.'r.t,iori;l tt care oul-, iiill1e11', }r. L.'l1lre1, (;il, r'11/e :tra exlectci th.e fu.1,.at, li. lri,-ones, Ir. 1)elga.,C.clrr:ii C. :rcr-iricl il.s, i{..!nuef Cuencc, iose ilerl:'so!, l,:Li)e.!^a1 oar'Ll/ n8-'r alect l.nd rrio ?edr^os3". istr. llec{l orc l411F.11i"ef

t1l,,.rle J, Triet:.:) j s rr,o s:-.11i!1,1si.Ilclc.inl c1 ' cl i i].cil:iclrever, cfr e ( c i 5l jra-rit- :d.(ji 61 91'.i,;i.ri dr:rirq- i-.re rie{rll. ,l::.1o :t.?. Lu(i j:, .insfect,arij oi l:,rec.rrci lro. 1l_ -t ):r.1'ta'i .LI' )(1drr:i.ar,rd b.' the n-q lnd rale:isad cr-ti1:tn, Le.i;r:|na rFere r-f ti:r' 1-hree hcurs. 3uccasi,-i'r1}1lr a),irr':. i-tla--)r Ti]-^ rrirl:rs a-f 1 iire r.jccras 1st L:lir-in3 :!C cojnfi-nl!' i rr sa1 L', ,t-ec"iilct. t"i,:ra"tini': tre caso. rs inve s

.xeaf sTIIl 8u1"rnp u181ro TecTlTTod Jo luopTauT pr€ootlm oN '? 'pepTues '(luapuadapul) '(dN) opeBTeC €c€por{d d f d '(gI) '(d.t) '(dI) uoz8ueg sauoT.rs etsTTa8ueng ft '(dI) ocuanq-f II '(dI)d f €qT^oT o^TlTruTJd 'd't) 1e.rne1 d rJc J, :pu€qJaoon aql e^eq cneuTT T€TJol€uas ifirT4ollod .g

'fTasoTa TBncsBd'rC 8UTTT€J1TfTls sT oTuoluv 'loc BalJasqo e€u 1T pue dnau11 TeTeoleuJaqn8ewl uT eSueqc oN .z 'so"r8a11 uosc€T 'loe d1aq atn ruql sT SuTuuUl Jo Jo Jo ecuBqartluo sloul.rTnb oTuoluv SuTifes osle aJe eldoad leql 'uB€TClou eJas suoTlceTo ?€rI1 uoTl.€cTpuTrreela € eq fTT& sauoTJgprrBTeJneTJT ?€til tuT 111t 1T 'pe?eeJep eq ..reTndod -rtBs ar€ aldoad sT ter{l lceJ aql lfTls Tern€T 01 onp "lsTTeuoTleN /rTlu€UTruopaJd sT ocuTAoJCleql lErll lc€J rr$ou{ € sT 1I 'suoTlcaIa SulurocsTr{l J€u lou tITe aaualol^ teql palcadxe sT 1T pus pnBJJ lcuB a?ueuolunoc lou TIT& eldoed aq$ 'sreadde q.T se poleJaStexe.1sB lou sT ecuaToTl t€.rolcefa-eJd ;ro slroda.r .radedsuag

FM .ocuTA -o"rd s1q1 uT InJeaead aq ITTf, suollceTe l€rn pa eTlaq

8T 1T prr€ J€J OS SlUepTAuT &re&Olun OU OJ€ AJaqiL .?

.?uTleuTuope"rdslaraqlT aql qtTr dN pu {I paxlu aq 11p dneu11 TeTJoleuas aql ..flTtTqeqo"rd TTe uI 'sJef,oTToJ sfroTJalna.I dq pslceJ€lunoa sT s1rit lnq SuTAorIs .s€lsTTBuoTleN poor 3 s€q prle TeIlu€nt$rT TITIS Ta_Jn€T aqt JaAo acrr€rlc.raE81q€ eABq dneuTT TeT.roleuasTej TTTU -eqTT aql 1€r{1 lno luTod o1 uaes suoTlecTpuTIw 'g .ue€s sT oITTt.s€C.reno eSpa eql oJoqTT ftTTTq€qoJd le8 TTTI 1tsrn 1I _JelBarc 'uryq pulqeq fTasoTa sT oltTlsec pa eTlaq sT 'uoTl€uTuuatrap r{lTe {Joe 6Tq op uea oJoqTT eTTrtit .fJol -?T/l 8Tl.lJo luapTJuoc 8T '{I 'o.roq1.10ue1rd13 '7 'uoTlcaTe Suproc sTrn p"rer8aJ€s 01 pallTururoceJe orla Cd pu€ {tLrV aqf uo acuapTJuocl?sJB ssardxe eTdo€d .lueuu.reno8 uBala Jo onssT prr€ uoTle.r -oTraule er€ sonssT uTsn .soITT€J SuTriuolsureq8uT TeTcos -plog aJ€ sel€pTBrrecqloq s€ slT parlaeeJ s€q acBT {€ad -nooo aql Jo lsaJaluT pue rlseTsnqlua t€cTlTTqd .T 1

sTs^T€uv (Tg rao aa tuTpu. r{eaet)

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ATTY RAMONE SAURA

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S I N C E R E SC T O N G R A T U L A T I OONNSC H O I C EG E N E R A D L UO STAFF. )

E{ REPRESENTATIVE DOI{INGOB P A G UIRIGAN.

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COI 'lul'lI'il'; 1l\ THE l'illLIii'il;n$ Tnti^aucbi''n rienr''cr:lcy, Thc Flli;in{' sysloi,I irf rc)r'.s.jnt."tive i1"v:rnncnt, ^ ' r u r " c i t i z c n s delrilc "f t h e t l r c : l i c s t ent;r!rriss, hris ilivr)ii rn'l fric st'tnc'^.r('l :f l-1'rinll 'rvjr i)x){}ri'nc''1 frD::d..ri]r c')uli;)d wi6h th., highcst jr;ut[c:rst' Iri.r irr) 5l: convinco.l th-rt nur ldr y i")in"s ..s1.1. lrinsr. in nf that thcy rv:'uld ri-sk thr:it: it, o-f 1if e is gt:ocl, ln(l ,1r() 5,', lrvrtlLi -throlgh bl-inr1 rdh rrcncc n;)t t'r 2resi:rvc it if n,jc,;ssrrv, livcs, pr.'',f r;f lri:t."riC':ll but bec,.Iuso t.-. rn inheritcr,. irt,vurnrocntal syStcn, 1"l r\-( ',, U,+-rl J-: \' \-... + h r n ,rf hnrq. t h r c f l ^ e r : "r '1. ' ' f' r. ^e' : f t .i t , , . veJ\ vr cv vt ,. ,, r, r l , 1, -p 6 1' I7( iL. Ut ni ra 'f r "r I J' ''*-'-".I. Y""._:: -F{-rrhi+i ra q >nrrrif.lr rrhrcl. ltiSt'fv ,,, rnrl i1 ,rli) fntlCt:'l thA 1\'1nt.

'rf s11crificrr 1^rl 'j-ch t" !hr; hilrh s,ririt .i'tl,,t lrist iJirrlrl 1,{nr atti:sts '-'rcscrvo :f :scnt :rncl thc in d'enr;cragYi .'ur pe.,pl"e are cxi).1b1c r''f tn ";:.inst ln4 mon h tve ' !)ur officcrs i c'r,rnunist ilililrcssion, strug:llc ^ur' clissirlr:nt rvi.:ils 5ofrli,:rs in thc rilottle i]r K,)rc1' shclrn thlii -1,,{l Huks; thu en,.l th : Ccnrtuni st rt'ainst vrlir.lrtJ-v er,: fl:ahtinp ci wi l i rn:r - I,rhr_.n,rv..!. thr)y Ctn, :ir,j airl,ing .'ur irrlerl ForCes. Thr,: Fili'r j-nl6 1ro ]r..r natur.) b,)l-icvr)rs in the clt:nlcratic which has There 1s, hntvcvcr r rrIL irf .tll) i'f Fililrinrrs .,r,.cirsse6. '111 f1;.16rr',1r15, -penly f .,i r'trn:r v,lrrs tr' (icstr()y rnrl coircrtlv i,t.rI<e.l 'ur cc^nonic sysitanr tn:' cur vr^y :f l-if c. our Grv.'rnnunt, - Thcs', nf 'rilher"nts larty tr-), th ), Communist Fililil"s ar',r ntcnbcrs of , r'1 thc fhi.l-i I rin,:s. t"

thc s,)rj-:s Dn c(jnr'?unlsm will This f,.rurth pnnphlct i t . r rr ' - C , i m q " " i " t P n " t " i n t h , : P h i l i ' r , i n c s .

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';lar;1r'rfnf4pn'tiqn 0fficc, Publ-ishetl by thc Civil .'ffrirs ' n r r . l -D c f i : n s . : , j.,cti.'n, 0fflcc i,f th.r S,cr.)t rry rf I'trrti ^Urnp llrrr''hv, Off 'rncl i-cer:s in rlistributcrl Commr.nclinll r:f use City, f<''r iurzan ,.rming th.:i-r inf ;tcrsi:nnel.

sf, Partir cf thr: ?hl1i'rpines Thc 1r:ng-ri',nl:c :1iit1 '6f the Corarrunirtnd' tr s':t ]l:1r inst''::'tl t Glvi:rnnJnt ,;-f ihl l-<lstinr{ is- tc get c,,ntr, l-''rith : itvl'i'r':tL u-l-tin:"t ? 1in th Far"t'z Cr'r'il:'iutli st by thc a t ictitnr"hilr r j.',,.in':si ,;f r, i)C.r:i':ltii:n o f inrfirlf; r'"'uhlics f r;f n:.king tlt,t i)hi.r ;art 11ictat'orshi,'r, th:r o1"al'1'shiil Cominat.:,i iv,1,Nls ;o,ri,:t IInir-'r . I]'i this rrn, f in :nctr, ,r'n'1 i9n, rrf r.11 tt.nns r'l .11'r,1l11glf coili'lunicAt lnd crntrcl' :r ".lts,rirtlt l-r..: c'nj)r'j.se fcr+ whr.. t Nh,t h.rn:1s cf a f V(,11'cd. i on l.;r.'uld Nr Tr: inplrtri:nt this eil:l, ircr:iy :f t hr: Cr:nnunirt Party. th3 rulini{ 'i;lioi-r -l-6'rrltV ir {;, :.11:orl-d Q6r6r.rgni 5N 6rrrl:jrlo.rFc neinltirs .ti th,: liirtl' :rcr1d ncnt rnd. hr.lC f ;rnlticr.:1,1-v .Irtc a th,r,)rJ' r)f vi.''l-Dnce Lnrl r'tv(.lut ic n . .';'q 1,r,.sha1l s', ), ij 1 i- ine Cnt.rrtuttiqts it .vu tltr:s., .1ins b lci.tlsu rnil.l- Comunist n{)velocnt r and of i:h,-,ir cor']n.rcti rn r'rith tl-rc int,rrnati in bhe basic theorir:s of ltiarx and Lenin.r th6ir belief

' Tho Communist Partr/ of thc Philippincs was publiclv launched r.;r 7 , 1930. Its conccption, at Plaza llorion,rs in llanila ol liove r:nb howevcr, 1'ra s start.Jd as .-rl y as I'!.rrch, 1919 rrl',en Lenil organized the Cominunist Int.lrna-i i ona.1 to un{t,}rtake t}'e organization and control of conmunist rilovorien''-s in all nations of the toorl.d. ThC

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Tn l,lay, 1927, t,) control-. l r b o r o r E a r : i z , t t , i o n ' . r l r . . r . , trr - r v | i ) r : t r y i n q thrr J'orts )l-erratr)s to trh,l throuah activir ci of t;he cowxurlist d lrofintrrn, r c i o 1 : r t i a o n \ , i ; . : ja . . ! a 1 ] t ' ) r fi o r b h , : o r ' . l a n i z 1 t i o n o f a ' ? L a f ' : r P a r t y ' r t h . 1 L r . { isl c . l - r J " b r r . r i o r , t h , ) c l a s s s 1 , r u S . ' l . c t h c o ! " 1 , . , s o f I'larxism. 0n l{ay I . I 1.), ;lr.-' Connunisi;s dcfinitcJ-y fror: the spllt ', ri-r.td tlr()ir or\'n, i;he Orrt'cro .lnri. c' 5:J..i.pgng_ry-_nga_!na l<_ 9onlrcso

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Farffiruis

The KApwas ihe inmi;T;-iEE;ssor

Part-;. r,ihich st Part:i, uhich c rr).nt,rrl of thc Comrmrnjniz:rtional c omnii',t ro...t 'rcl th,l th,: or.r orlg niz:rtion;rl omnii',t,)c . ' p j g i L n t o r r)ris:into ; r I g a i n t O l,.ntonio r / , . f p l l O 1 r 6 l 1 n O i o i j a l o onn rl ai ,aay )5t .,l.Y7l '91 s? , 9o, cc oonDos;d r;i,l 7 D) o O : . . 1 . J v e n ; ; J . i s L a , D. D U .. Ora U 0 rrar ,, . rUvan;:l-1-ista. lvangJ-l-].Sla r S sof:I O ..rturo .rorj..1no, J?cirjio .f.,:rna]trna.nil Jose Quirant.:. Thr) constitution of thc ncl,r part.r rras approvrtrl on Aut]us-,, 26, :.9't0, timcd on thc annivcrsarv oi Lh' -ry ol 3 :lintar.rak. f t s b - r r - l a r v su , r r c . l d o p t c c on Octobi,r 6, l.o- c'l. illrt]'r tlc corrstit,ution lind by-1 lr,'ii \verc basld on thc r :volrrtio:q-J- t .Lchil.;s of l.1r-'1, jn8, 1s, Lc'nin and Stal-in. The Comnunist l art:r tias jlr-,rmal-ly launchecl on irivr.mbcr ?, 1!rO to ' , h c l ? l l ^ . a n r ' , - : , s . . r y o f t , h . : .C o r n n u n i s t . i c v o l u t i o r r i n commelnor':,te ftissia r'rhich :lelt on *.'r.: slr.)e d:ry iii 19i7, luovcmbcr 7. The flrst Central- ConniLt.rc of the Conmunist Party r.ras cor:rposcc1. o f l ! C 6 1 n p 1 v n i r t s i, n c l , l r i n A L . h r , : . :C r , ' i n r s i i , r l a m e dC o c i n g l i a t , ?iir51, and Uo. The f irsL Fol-''-b;:al Durc;,u (Polit,buro) cons:.stcd of Crisarib ilvang.elista, Antonio u. Of.i, .I:r-ani"c1co, Fclix Caguin, and Urbano ,, rc egA . io', r:nncnt l.rad sr:nscd the existence The Phi-l-ipnin; of thc 'rs Comrnunist movcvqent .:1ft{)r ti1.l carlr,. as l-()25. iut it r.as not until fornal launching of thd Uonnunist Party that the :Lau enforcenent agencies r,Iere ordereC t,o br:inp. ' ',. Cnnrrrlylists lo court. The

iee TI ,lce TI

, ' . J ,

,f,'l

rlf nt r:r''a i, j tnal t r T h e 1 1 .e c r ' y - l

Conaunisrn. tr C o mt u n i s m . t .

- 2 -

Philip:,ib6'&caorts, Yo!. 57, contains seven cas pro rlrty, oro xunist llvtv. leaders and Leaders and menbetr€. menler"a of thc thc Cornnunist

e n thc

'..two-ycp? pgriod -fron-19.?.0 to 1931, involvlng chargds of sedj'ti-ori' nd il-legal il-1 ega1 es r '1nd unl-awfu1...'rr'i -il io.n r" unl-au"f.ul inc incitine it ing ttoo .seditlon. €edii al'lful--utberanc ut--ulbetrances,'1 "qnl aHf

ili"""'ifi.".

.""fi.G4s ;h;' 6ffiffi G;-Fo"t" ni-i r't.Ft'iri"fi:.",,"

and the $ocicty of th.a-Ciri.1d.r'rnqf-5we4! .{Krti;unan ng mge-Anak .P3lris) pn ifpienber'Il+r..Jg?l, the latr Judlc Ma::tanoA. Llbertt ''tUonsiderlriq

i.ppinr;.s and our th,, pr escnt condition in the Phi--]. prasent gov,:rrunental systen, even if it lrere better, which is not' the case and ts f'rr from bcins( so, to im1r.l-antirer-c tha go"i']t governmonbal systcn end tro idopt tho institutions established in ttuEsia, cxaltlng tho proLet:,riat to a connsndins cIass, the iir:cilt,r of the Clrlldrriin of Swcnt and the Conrlinlst Partv of tire Philippin.:s could nct, unalcr tho protcction o.i" +,he L4w and bf llrt; qoi:siir-ut,ior'rlgurranieeg, bo 0 rg.nili? cd for thlt ;iur|os 1 .lnd to endr):lvor to accoulp1lsh a 60 r4d ler,l ;lnd l:xtrrrne change , for i g r:ffortri ltoul"d b o

srcashed8€rlnst

tirc surf of csi.ablished ri$hts

and socinl. order

lvhlch the*Oovorutant is called upon to prof,oct, iind obvio,rsly, Foitciir eciciotv and end pflrty, onrtv - the alns aims and anrl purposas nrrroos.-'s lrhich 'Fppcrir i.n .its _ -in ". Ectci€ty of r{hicit rl-v'__ rq. |?vvvv constitutlon and by-lntrg, and which r'sere orgaBlzod, of ccursc, r'itlrpermit, to overthrow the Government chargcd wi-th out adrnini$tratlve being capitalist and imperialist, necessarily are illegn1 associations becaus€ t'he sanc endanger the cstablished soii.al order and. undcrmino the fundamental basis of the $tatg.tt This decision ',ras affirned by the iiupr.-:mci.;ourt of thc Philippines on October 26, L932. ft:ynediatcly ther{)aftrr, thc lrrto panga, orginizcd Padro .l.b,cdSnntos of F.rr'rransa. Partv of tthi-r orq;irizcd the $ocia.List Party Philippines to cerry on thr: :lclriviti,)s of r"h,l.outl,ar"rd Comr'lunist Party. It r'ras Lik.r.Jj-s,: b.'rscd.on th.l theori,:,s of llarx, 0ngo1s, Lr:nin and .it,1ltn. It unC;:rtook tl',c oreeiriz:rtion of thc rcat1,)ss e n t r a l - L r r z o n , , r n C , i n t h : : 1 ' r n r u ' , r r. o f t h e C n p 4 : 1 u n i s t 5 , t e n i : n t s i n C'rpcaslnts .1rndworkers ir nilitant unified the and dir,)ct strugrxles rnd niias actLons, gi'/ing thr; nassr:s bottcr rcvolutionary cxpcriencs " devoid of legalts| illusions. TIic iociaList P:lrty rtas nevir outlnwcd by ih': Gov:.rnncnt. Cn bhc contrnrv, thc connunist prison''rs trcrr) pardoncd, Ono by oni, 'tnd in groups, bctireon J::nu:iry, l9rlr ud Decenbr:r, 1!1'1. lit a convention h'rld tn Manlla fro:, Octobuf 29 bo 10, 19?q, ioclalist Party and thc Conmunist Party were f ormnJ-ly nnrlt:d, the thi:n nnd since its offieial namc ls thc Itcomounist Partv of thc Phillprtncs {Ilcrger of the Socinlist and Connunist Pnrti,-s).rr ?his mcrger was npprovotl by thc Corlnunlst Int crnat, i on.'rl ihr ou:h Jnrncs .rl1en, i{n .l\n'rrican conmunlst Hho rdLs in thr: Philip;rlnr.s for th:lt purposii. l,uring this tir:i> th,: Clrlrnunj..st novcnent in bh.; Phii,ippil 'tPhilippinl w.rs undcr the supelvislon 'lnd eonl,rrrl of r C o r r n i t t , : :' , 'International r Conrirunist the opur rting in Los Angeles,' C,rl-ifor"nia. The rrnount of $4r0O0 l{as contribut ed io the Comrrrinist. Party fron ti Irlnt crm i'.i onnl. solidarity fund. tt Thi. ranklng offieials of thcparty aft er the flerficr w,:r..r Crisrnto ilvrng'rlistn, nnti()n.11 chairrian; Pcdro ;'rbad Snrrtos, nlLionlll vico chrirnen; anci (luillcrno Cep.ldocin, sccratnry goner;:1. Frorn -1.9?8rup to t,he outbreak of "orld War II, the Comnunisl,s .rnd thclr fol.l-owers, lrirc on a r.rrnpr,qoof violr:nce in Contr;tl. X,uzor'. According to thetr c'rm accDunt, tfiaji ricnrt.:d alvay nl1 the pal:rr/ ,:r-o duccd by,the. pegs:uts, cut m.ingtroves, burncd suglr-clnc fir:lds, rnd c.u:ted r1J. tho corn, vcc.]t,tlrjl.es r f ish or ,.rny i:rocluct,: to shlrpcn th: class.strugfla. In lvlanila, thcir front orgxnizations wore busy diverting the att,cntion nf thr: Governnrcnt tnd thr: Dcaplc frr)rr thcir ( S c c p r l ,.: . 3T& ! o r d i s c r r s s i n n , r f - f r n n t nefrri.:us ,lctivitics.

- 3 -

organiz;rt ionsii ) .

t:;ncn tng Japlnese frapcri-,r,1-Llnpcrl-,r]-ArrnY Arnv cccup].cd Nhs tJaplnese cccupicd tilt] in tlre t'lTt**{Jl1nt] rJ 1n . l.hcn J".nu,try, 1942,thi) Conrrunist P'.rty r'rr;nt undcrground. Later Clis lnto E r ' r a- n- r -r l(i q: f 1: r - _ _ - Pcdro Evtngcl-isb,t. /tb:,6 r.',,crrilrrdsGrri11 :rnc Capadoci,l r.',,cri 5xtl1nu. - - r - - : hb.d : ' - . - S"n4,,", ' _ * t rnC ilrrdsrnrr Grril1 :rnc Ca;:adoci,r and n d iinc''rconted tted ed a l i r n t i r g , r Cli:lrinci:t nc''rcilrltcd i.n in l o r t S:rnti'r b l ' J a p n r r e ort th.: sc. '.'thcr Can'rruni rra,B lxt.r r,:,1crsocl {rnd tried tn make r dr;'rl dr;'r1 *-ith *"ith thr: Camnun *, thl: '.'thDr 'fa for Lcadcrs uni|cd frorrt wi-th tho Jrrrlnr.:sc r,gainst the fcud.Ll p : lrtr t of u s j : , : c L i n x trl'.:rcL.r]' n n tha Suspr:ctinf o f Capndncir, llandlords,:t .rndf ords. t S C i p r d n c i r . ho t r , ' . : r c l r . r v on t h i p.',. u s h a r'r.^ ,.Li1 d . . n r r . n r l r . , l i e t r r i . i . / r i r l , r r j prison. Crr .i.xpclled .i.xpcll ed by thc Crrnnurrist Pertv. P e r t y . Evrnrr'rl_istr ci.icrl in ist 1/hilPedro rib:rd Sanfos dicd shortlrr rftc:: ho rvrs relols.:d, 0n l,irrch 29, I9lr2 r,n or.qanlz.itirx cnlled x1,3 ,iFer,plots AntiJ.rp'rnrs.: .',r:rlr" ci thc Hulrbn nn rl,rwan.Labrn .i.r li rpon (liukb::1:.1:rp) w:1s ltunchcC. lt first tirisrrra..rf:. z."tirn irc f udcL non-Connunj.it i 1 f . 1 I,:rdcrs. L : t , r r i t r , vir- c ; m p l c t . : 1 y c o n t r r ' 1 1 c d b y t h . r 0 o r n ;u;-'rf inunists ;rs lhov r,rcrr: th.; cnes whr concoived it, j.n thc firsi pl'tcc, Sirrce '-A

t")rig irltr6

'irr-"'n.,,:l - :- + r

inrl

p.^Ft)

Abad ,jantns

n , , . i 1 r \ n , ^,,.-, ^ -..r,",*.,cir n6*^r^

until

had rlicri ,

ms di.scrt(lit,:d and vrfls not ri:-adnittrrl l-94?, the leadcrsjri,: r-r tlio Huk,.:fell lntn thc hanrls oj the

,rsoconC front,i q nnrr.l r-rrn^ jr +tr r Q6nl6gnilt Party llgci,:rnr tli' ^ : rr 'r.r- i,,)- ^ ^ - - a r r " i . r . ! 1 E " 1 r , . , *or fd t : n l ; l i n 6 1 , r p n n 1 - f ' . . q 5 r C o n f a d < f V V l r r i S t l i e orir j,. prirrc i 1rr 1c j::r.rtici.llr .1nd tic:icl | t ! ) i t , l l . l n , - . v J l 1 . l n t , L ' r i s T r r r - u cr -1.i

Jusus iava, l,ale.. 11<;C 1 asti1lr,

l i : r l ' i , r n o P " l l a l X o s , E u s c b j . r :A q g i n 6

:ind C1st,() .Ll-i:j-irdri.no.

'lhr: llul:b.itl j-st Partl/ 's; nined lhai:, nc,.1r:ss th:rri thr' Ccmr.trrn r rv n f t r r 1 1l /. 1i j . j : i r s f . L h , ; J a p n n l r 5 c b . r t i > ' r " , c ; n . r I l ' i i i s : r i n s , r . ' h : i t they trrmc L s "Ui r*rpcr"ia1.isn and thc piro-Aroerican capit:llists rnd ','hc UJ-\l"i"I .iu.rrrilie l r n r t l. : i ^ r : , ' , n C t h r i r D r o c r n rt.-l s ],'-.:i,:rs, il 1or;q-r.'' r rl".r. io.)king tow.lrds ihc ciay lJh()n thc./ lvould ilesrjroy and ovi-.rthi'r.rvrt.h 3 post-\Lrr Uov(]rnrdcnt in tha i)hiliprrincs.

Thc rr:cords cf Huk kil-ling$ tnrL ot hr---ratrlci-tlr:s Derpci.rittâ&#x201A;Źcl a;ai1-:tr |if i-1,'inn ctvil-ians nnC U t\F1rU guryrilles are tc,.r lonjl to ..iut thcre is nr> doubt th;tt th..rr s.)rve rs evl_dences rlec ount hcr.n. nf bhr cl/rrici.sn r^dth luhich thc Cor,truni st Pnrt.r toolc rCrrilnt.rlfi: of thc J'.rpatrcsc oCcup"tlc,rl tD prornnt i) ils progr.r6 rl_f ss-11'srsion. , _ _ - _ _ n. fr i . h : r

or;^niz,'tl j('n,

ti.?ir

th.:

Irmtrnslne l_|{Ul ,r tl^'.:tllai 'nef i'ces.:ntsiEl;i, vG rrr,'ffi:

l'rrly t'' su;ip1er.lont thc work of tho Hu-kb-Iahrp irr logisrlicq .:nd fin:lnc(j procr,lrcricrrt, and as rnedi.un f or thc cornlouni.st irrriijctrinai: j-on of iilrc pc:ts1lnts.

llti:r thc libcrrti-on in 1945 thr.: 0lmrnunist Partv r.lrmincd unt,rrrenilrf bv th, Gorr,:rnrncnN. It r.r,-. s p,:,:mitt,:d to ]rLrl_ilpulllic ritccti ngs., :,rp'rns:)r lrr.) - Ccniirrni st C.lcnr.nstr:tt i,.uS nnCl lrlrrr.l.:S, nrtrl Stl3c sirilt;:i,

0n 0ct,rb,:r' I,l, 1950 th,-. rj,-:v.;:.nmontto{)k dr.rstj.c ricasur.:s r{) frus-lr1t i)- r-l:,r il-'rn of thi: Cnnilunigt i,artv tc cnitturi) th; ,,)r.y:;111;r.1X by I'i:,ry, -r-'?5i" Sr;vrlrirl- r.,icls r.rer c cnnCuct,rrl in ilanila hy t)rc. lli1i-t..ry Int:;l l-i,":cncr: .j,:rvrc,: (l;ili) r,,rhcrc cv-i.Llcnce :rir.linst Nhl }r litlrrnwas corf].scrteC. Iiilit:rry cnnpai;ns r,Ic:'r) int-rnsiri,:ri. ?h!, r,lrit c:i h:rbeas. c ilr'pr.ril.I{ils cu,q-c1Ci;rl foi th,: cr:'-n,}s. c.f scd jr-tion, insuFif$I;-- ' . , - Lr t . , r d e r J lnd r;b.:1.1i.:n" ..'",c:-- :^..s ^f ':b, i-iL r'eaao., and -,'':t'e robb.:r;r fifed against the Co:ur,)unists. ir'hlt succcss hi].rt: thc Connuni-sLs h;rr' in ti.-. Philipi:in rs? ?l:Lr:y h:ve b::ourht ccrth ancl tcrrr:r tirc l>,:rio,1 brrtr: rnrny r)f our ir.ioplc. forc t,hr Flli';buro trial hns thc rpcx of Comnruniit hopcfulnr:ss for thc succi;s:; rf t hc Clrnrrur:ist plrty in r,vcrthrrl.ring thl Republic. ihl lf t,irt brl:rl lnrl lhu ri;I:ni;],lss rcsult trn{i(i rnr} psycholr,iicnl camptrign r;l' th: Govcrnr;lcnt irrclicate_ l;ht: evcntual ,ro t,hc extinitiln _1,,-

T howe The indicationt Communist moeedreb here. t Cor.rnu.nisL expansion ior over-opt imiem.

6g:q

ana irict ei'y elsewhere beyonrl our shores, 3nd. and other forms of brutal-ities ln ouf:iown Innd

aLlow C€,

ers

ned 'a our d-1rt Oonmunist oo"t"nist da danger. the to io-ih" Filipinos riiiriii"" n ternat e r n a ti iona or 1 i ti "s- it f: 1 f diissssi ippaat et e t hhee daannggeer .r . T h e .i int at bhe lnstlghtion tim? atry war world rtrJ r"v blow up into anoiher vanguard of the is PartU-is Party thc th Coruuunist Coruuunist The The .r ti'"'s"viot Union. Union. ofi-tii.'S,,"iot pillpino shores. pat'rol. on i",ti"t here- 1ts border patrol. Soviet Union here,

For this reaaon' Nhe characteristics of t'he-Party.and the "partv"ii,.,el; *iirr-piJi;"i;;roio"on"e to the Philippines ' should and especisl-lv to thc rrcnbers b;-il;;ti;;'"ri-riilpino-"riiu',n"-tire sccuiltv 'r our n:rtrm' with ;; ;ii;"ii;;a'FJrc""-i't;-";;-;hi;;ed

i""Oio:t"ni*i

princfpf6

;i;;-;1i;-taiiy or th'rir

of coirnruntsm,stated by Lenln.

has dtrter-

iri,e'eve!. since. aesardla's-of rhelr elrlzenship

swof,rt stltcr0entg

tg the conararyr

Communists everywher'

- Unlon 1s the,only fathr:r1and to^whieh thev irriii-irtii-ift"-sovfut c omrnunist' e, sinc; wi'r[ rs Sood for hussta ts g-ogdforor*-"ii"gi"nc !'ilipino world' good the for ro" communlsnt -foris ;;i w;;;-i;-e;a ln any vtRr b{}tweenthe Dernocracieg 'il;i;; Confinunists arg no exc;ptionr alwavs slhe with Soviet rlussia' Thov iiussi,a, t[;y-;iti ;;if Kgrear in a"" *itr, so"i"i nlissit":.n-t,ne Corni:unistaggrcsslon.!1 v h r r l p p r'nes' t h e i n Indocbina, in lhlayn; in thelr rebellion comrnunists, includihg the whole line of action of Filipino Pariy rnd lryoul of its dapri:drift"-cn*""i.st t,trc orginiz;.[ioo-oi on t i o n s , w a s p r o n o u n c o d b y J o s e i > hs t a l i n , t h e s o v l a t ' D i c t a t n r t May 16, l-925. lic said : "The 'fundanental task of Cor:unun{stsln colonies €\nd dependent work on thesr,: dcduct'ions: c o u n t r i e $ i s t o b a s e tireir rcvofuticnary clf crtlonieis x1. IN is irrpossible tr.' achieve the liber.,tion 1 vict'rrious lrlthnut add dependcnt countrlos iron inpcrirlisn you wilI n()t rct iirdepcndencegratie! ;;"i"ii;;l;

n2.

The revolution

cannot be advanced an(t thc complete

-ui-i.fiievea al)iti1l,i9tl-ca-Ll-y o f ccairiiaiisiicir:-v or iindependence ndependence

c"!'r:X1:: ol-()rrruu d everopeq developed

rtirPc^'

trru -"11f:l:+d""t uni ess the- conpromlsing.national ;;;;;;i;;-';i"t.t unless tne^peltys o l r t e d r ill"::-tf:.f:::I: (capltallst s iisolrted, cclass) l a s s J iis b o u r g e o i s i e fcapltallst u."ii""iii" ; ";;A;;i;i; revbrutionary nassesare freed f":1-ll:^ illi"?l::^'l{-" ( l:rbo"ins .f t hc prol etariat

t''i'.-[ot.rnonv ;;il'6;;;"i;i;;-;;i;!"' " 'rf^ the rvork the rvorkelelrenl,s or titn- advancedadvancerl-elelrenlrs "i."") i s-estab-l-isf.ea"nna ""f JsE the ;i;;"i";;-;;;;;ii';;a-nna-i"rJtE i"e-ifu""

ar.e orglnized

in a Comrnunist Party'

"). N o l a s t i n g v l c t o r y can bi: achieved in colr:ninl and tho dependent countrteg unless a real bond is established between proletarinn mo;onont for ermnciPttion in these countries and the (Comrunist) rnovcnent in thc adv'rnced countries ,lf the tr'iest. trhlhat are tha innedinte tasks nf the rcvolution3 ry (Cornmunist) movenent in the colonics and dependent countriss ln view of thcs€ cLrcumstanc es? trl. To win over the best el-ements of the working class to tl:: side oi Cornmunisma rxl to forn Communist' Parties. n 2 . T o set up a national revolutlonary bloc of workers , peasants and revnlutionary intelligents{a -. agrinst t h e b l o c o f s lng nntlonxl louigcnble and irnperialisro. c.dmprf)mi rr1

T,.

ensure the hegemcrnycf tho proletarirt -,,

in thls

bloc.

u4. To strlve enancipate the urban to bourgeoisle from the influence ')f the coripromising bourgecisie. ').

pr01el r.rian

ffo.ih

#,*#il1'.i '&iil;*t.''"-'z

movenent and the a c h i e v c a bond between the liberntion t"Iovenent i n , : d v s n c e r l c r u n t r i e s . " ' ( S t a l - i n , J o s e p h , @ g a n d O o l o n i a 1 Q u e s t i o n . l " t n s c o w ,l % l + ) .

f c1Lot'redby Thesc inJunctions of Stalln h:ivi: bebn ccnsistcntly successr as events^now Connunists. And wiNh no liti,le Fitlpinl show-. Their advocacy of lndepenCence and nltir)n:rlisrn is :r ferce. and'always, is en int ernat L onal ist novenent. It Conmunism, first ;f Scviets 1,/ith i|s capital in^ltosccw. The governrnent vrorld a seeks Conmuiists, theref ,rre r wer\., only rci)enting :r 1inc.,.. the Flliplno ?rAnericrtr 'Pariy Line lald clown 1n the l(renlin, when they rtt:rcEed 're the inrl-ependencebef in:pcrirlisntr and championed Philippine Seiond Worl<i IJnr; rehe; they f rughi- the Japanese and USriFFl'lguerrillas rlurj.ng the oicupation; and forlght the FiLipino people nnd th.-'i]' Juli lr, 19116when theXr independence wrs fiGovernrnend even att;r rrn:tbional Llberation.tt The na1ly secured, ostensibly st:11 for "rpuppt:t is a of Phlllppines tbe i-ontinulng ch:rvgs thrt the Relublie of Amerlcan irnperialismt' shrws thnt the Cnnnunist Pnrty has never devlated fron ihc nParty l,inert sXnce its founding in 1910. How Is the CornEluntst

ffi

Nationa4 9oneless Farty is the the National group in the The The suprer:re the Party suprene ruling ruling group ljonsl y elr' althnlglt ye.lr'.although o n c e a only n l y once meets eets o onriiti,rns. m w h i c h,. undei u n d e i nornal n o r m a ] cconCitions,

(or .)r u conditlons o r l l l - L U r - u l r htar]rculn$u-rllues only w n8 n ccircumst-inces wh on c o n v e n e o only convened lt lays rlor.rnnnti.rnai rlcctrirp s and over-aIl Party polici-es rant. 'in i n accordanci: Stalinis lecorri;rnci w i f . h the t h e teachings t e a c h ' i n o s of a f l'{arxism, llarxism^ Leninisn Leninisn f l n d Stalinisrnt flnd wj.th Uongress of the and roughly corresponCs t.) our"law-milkini body, the C o n m u n i s t-Party r f Philippfnes. all riuly accreilited It i; composed (in .,rganiled the gr'rups, the ccll memb:ib corning frnn the- small-cst ( frr>n rreas , an.r industri:ll arers) , thc bukl r-ri in t'trc nlricultuiai the highcst organizational g roups. a cluâ&#x201A;ŹlLl.y actually

lit, E lls lt

The National Cr)ngriiss in scssion elects from its nernbcrs a usual-}y composed cof This a1 comnittee' is cornrnittee cornnittee,' rvhich is usua-l-fy nremSens,a;ffier wnich may vary a; the oxigencies of the Party requlre, roughly corrcsponds t() our Cr;uncl-l of Slatc an.l acts only It lays down to resolve i-mportant gcnerrl pollcies of the lparty" 'brodd- n4t,iâ&#x201A;Źnal- policies policies of the the vrith in conformity Soviet Unlon and iNs satellites. Out Qf the nembersitip ,:f the Central Comrnittee, an executive Bureau (Politburo) is elected, usually con; group, the Politlcal m e m b ers,to implerent the doctrines anrl pollcies nf t o ? 9 loseit'of supeIdembership in the Pc,litburo is a slgn of activo' the Party. The Pr;]f1'trspe rior leadership and excellence in Party nffairse roughly corresponds to our Cabinet. Because of the impract i cability for the entirc roenbership of the Politburo to be banciing together all the t jme for purposes of there is within the Politbur'! a superexecutin6l Party affairs, g r o t r p r , S e c r eteria!, usually'bomposed nf 4 membersr' t h e executiv! is which usually the acme of power in uhe cntire Communist farty. In the Secretnrlat is the Sscretary General, the Virtual dictatorTake note th'tt the topmost echelon in the local Conmunist ParW of that of the'Communist Party of leadership is the exact reilica Party of any other Soviet satelSoviet Union Cbmrnunist the and the Politburo 1ite, which is the under the absolute leadership of a G e n e f o l r Secretary tho virtual. dictat,r. Unrtcr the preaent conditicns

of arreC struggl-e, the prir,cip^1

- 6 -

instrumentalit i es of the Communist Party orga ns plnes I i n t h e o r d e r o f t h e i r i m p o r t a n c e , a r e :

:%r)t

""ry''';:t

Y/.; The grcaniz'rtional guysnri (08). ) Uomnittee (I'IC) lnc 'its st ro ng-3l!{*U!:r The I iiiitrry b l fformerly ^-wror r r the (IIMB)llukbnlrhaP. rrn.r"l ava n.r n.: Bavan Hukbon* I{: ;r,'r ir'rnprlava Pavan (c) The National liducaticlnal Depertrnent (NED)' ,

. i / i r u v r : J

The rnission of th-' Ort:3niz:)ti()na1Bureau is prlncipally to policies ol the unrlertake the exl;ansi oni st--r.nr]. orSrnizational clif( 1 ) party. chrrge ofl It tnkes'direct . o r g a n i z : t t i r n o f t h e i 'rna1 0rg'r ni z:'t fereirt Party comnittees or oigans fr,6 the^itcgir:n'1 Conrmitiees, the ProvinCorulittees Io the Dist::ict Or[an!zational c i a l C o m m i t t e e s , t h e S e c t l o n C o r n m i t t e e s r t h e B'fg l < 1 o * ^ i n - t h e .b a r r i o g he ub '1Is. has suand. the cell .rnc1locals in Nhe labcr unit''ns. pervision o1ror recruitment for party mernbership_anri their incloctrinatirn anel trreparation for leactership. It also implernents the policies of-th-e Partv. whipping into line labor anC peasant groups, p a i t v . Fin"I]v it coordina.tes the activities ior service tr the nf Party en<ls. cf thc nrilit:rry nrn, thl HI8, f^r- th,-' rcrliz.'ttion The Mif it'ary Committee is purely a pblicy-rnaking body-which does not clirectly issue orders on cli.rectives on operatlona-L matters run C'irectl-y by thr: The l{l'18unr'ertak'es this function. iind is itself Staff are the.ltaHMB General Untler-the Party. Secretariat of the into ten (10) c ; i l n " a " f i i r n d i v i a e d Philippinee has been ;r;;i rlourn to Battalion Fibirt Cornmanrr.s frorn the iiegional Comroands),thc the Squadron and the Squacl. The National Educatlonal Departrnent is prirnarily responsible of neml'ers anrl prospective merrl* for the continuouS incloc|rination r r n r l tactics of Marxism, Leninismr Lnrl Stalibcrs in the theories p r e p a r a t i o n of curricula for Party schorr]6, lnd^the nisrn; the ,rfprnpai:rrrcla for the puri>csc ,lf [aininS supDort f nr the conrlrict pr>litical of the tlovernent. and military aciivities

]{ilit1ry k ns u n e a r t h e d t h e p l r n s o f t h e C o m m u n i . s t intclli6encc force and G o v u r n m c n tb y m e a n s o f m i l i t r r y P'rrty to ovcithrow th6 Folitburo tri,:r1s violence. The evidence gathered wl.s used in the :,nd robbery and other cases of rebellion with murders, arson against the Communists and liuks. A c c o r d i n g t o C o m m u n i s tp 1 a n s , t h e r e i s n o l i m i t t o t h c P r r t ' . r ' s rnobi-l-ization of man-power. which i's effected by causing mrss discontent and ;:concmic-dcl,Jrihrr.{tlrn. 0ur'"iir:mlrl ii'orccs., howev l'' 1r. hclping thr: Go.r'.nnrncnt in.Ar{:estanli discoritent and economic d e t - e r i o r a t i o n b y s u c h p r o j e c t s a s t h e J i c o n o m i cO e v e l o p m e n t C o r p s ( E D C 0 R )u n d e r t a k e s . fhe Communists maintain thaN the short:lge of weapons is the basic fimiuation of Lheir armed struggla. Thcy hnve no fnctori es homr:to mlnuf..cture evcn smrll arms, altho;rgh they b':1icve thlt madewerpons cirn be used. Their weaponsare still- those that they werc abfe to flnrner during the J;lpqnsse occupation, those that th.pilf r:r or prrchase throuSh cI:nd ,stlne deals, or th.9se thaL thcy ire able tb capture from-our /'rmed Forces thrgugh lmbuscades anci raids on Arrny irnd police arsenals. Our Jlrmed Forces are able to d e p l e t e t h e w e a p o n s o f t h e C o m m u n i s t st h r o u g h c o n f i s c a t i o n , c ' r p t u r i or surronder of Iluks. une Politburo documcnt revr:als th:lt the domrnunists rrnay also be :rlllc to obtirin small arms from our rllies: beyond tho si:ai, but ht:av-'rlfciti-1ons,lrtl c'rrl1ot, rs long es U.j I"lrvy' a

f;IYqrr ahd. Air Force comnandthe seas gepRraNing our c Asian mainladd.' This is being c.ounteracted by bat antl intelJ.igence actlvittes of the J.rned Fo Tho nrlmrrw rr.v yr

mi'1itarv

stratc.qic

problen

of the

.."."..... cj11,ii lz

Co-rnnuni st

jtnrt.'

of the is ttHowtb counieract or- overcone th; certain superlority -supeour, based.on neasuresr enemy in weapons bl' a combin:rtion of U he o u r s u p e r i o r i t v . i l r r i o r ' a i m s i n - s t r u l l g l e t f r o m w h j' - c h - f l o w s !'orces cffec..rmed is Thisour to nrobiliz,e rn6n-por^rar. "fifii' rtlon of bhe psychol,oflical iiu"iy" defeating through- rhe intensiflc lrarfare against the ideology of comnunlsm. Unti,l iL wao frustr:t ect by our Armed Forcesn in cooperation with the other aaencies of bhe Governnent, the tine-table of thc ComnunisL Part,v for the overthrow of our Republlc calIed for fron ictive Party leaders in July, 1950 to 56,600 "triv-:,OOO *iii.titlfy -Actlve t04B sbldiers'were to increase from in iepiember. 1951. Organlzed m'rss supporl 10,800 to 17i,800 within the sitne perlod. r v a 6t o r i s e f i o n 3 O , 0 0 Ot o 2 , 4 3 0 , 0 0 0 .

Filiplno Comrnunlsts consistently have followed the doclrines 'fTt is atrsolutely necessnry for every of Lenin i'rho ortlered: to cornbtne legal with illega1 t'rorh, Connunist Party systenatically This 'r'ractiee h:s been evident legal r,rith il1i:gai organlzation.i' (Coruparefig. 3, ?I pamohlet f 1 , in"severa-'l- particular'"flel,ds. r?Int ernat ionâ&#x201A;Ź1 gornmunism.It f4flltration of Nhe Government.-- Communists hrve aloays ea?hing their goal is to lvork belie their lvay into both ninor and raajor positione in existins govern-- thxt is' st action can "bore frorn rdthin' rnents so thnt Oomrnuni attack from the insicle as well as fronr the outside. in t'he Govi:t"nmentis One examplc of Communist infiltrntion of thc Departncnt of irorli.'n .l.ngel G. Bakiirg, lrho was ,rrr officer r^rhenhe wasi arresbed wlth others of the Polltburo in 1950. iffairs He hras desc,ribed by Judge Clstelo as rnanif csti-ng ;a schening mind in the use of hls position ln the Departnent of Foreign I'ffairs ", tr/hrt hrs thus far been said 611Apgel G. Baking shows that he is r prorninent fig.rre in the Uommunlst n'tovenent.rf uomnunists, being nembers of :rn il1egeL ,ssociatlon are prohlbited fron occupyin5i any position in the .rev,;rnment. The rrppropriatiorr Act prohibits the paving of th:: sal"lry or r,uagesof er of an any off lciaI or enployee rwho advocates, or j.s a mer.rb .Govcrnrnent of overthrow the th..rt the of organiza!ion advocates, the ltspublic of the i)hilippines by force and violence.!l Front 0*ganlzaLions.-organ@lnist ains.

C o m m u n i s t sh a v e a l w a y s u s e d ' ' f r o n t ' l devices -- to support Corruiunist

:i,'; A front organizltion is qxe which does noL advertise itself Cornmunist. Instead, its titlc usual-l]' expresses an i.dea or purpt rt ' which is the opposite of cornnunism. I,ievertheless, Nhc purposc oi a front organization is to spread Cornmunlstirleas, and to prorootI ln thc Phil,ippines and clsertrere the interests of the iovict Unir:,. Often, a front organlzation is set up to ai. and its satcllites. tract publ j-c interest for or against some current issue and the organization disbands when the-lssue no longer is irnportant. 0thr:r front organizations work on nore permnnent issues, although thestgroups often change their tit1e6 to mect ch:lngi^pa conditi-ons. or

- 8 -

shlfts

f,;sqrr t{i', {'\!l

1l publlc opinlon.

Three of the fronts that have given the C e occueffective nrasssupport are the hukbalahap durlng , d.fi/e Natton',I pation and up to the tine it was renamed the zat].ons \ulvl Fe.1srnt s Union- ( PKI'il, and the Consress of Labor 0r Oovernment. the b]' ouflawed whlcb have already been of a1.1 / ^ t

^ \

those l"ith thouoommunists set up front groups of :two types: on a nuch smnller coneintrnta those whlchsands of metnbers, and people. promlnent nembershtp of i enlist th'often becaiuse they nre.effective Front Eroupg a supPort Fil-l-plnos not who wouLd knohiln8ly firoup idensupport of Fillpinos h,lve genuinely non-6omrnunist as Corununlst. llany tiiied permitted their nanes to be-used by- such orgnniaxtlons .vtithout iirst findin€l out wlrat purposes 1'ri behind the high-sounding titlc' L95O {t !m€ not 8dner11i" Unti]- the affest of the Politbr:rolin known th'rt sone orgF.nitatlons th t hxv;t acqd.red t'he support of Trr'o docunenis. non-collmuntsts vref6 cre ited by the Comnrunist Party. ..nd rrTwenty in CPFrn liilestones Tears o,f Strugnle of the entltled in the History of the Ci)P,r' written by Joee Lqvo and introduced e v i d e n c e s t t h e t r l a l . ' r e v e a l t h a t - t , h e r ? l e a g u ef o r t h e D e f e n s : o i Democracy, the Friendi of China, the Y,outh Congress, the Civil Libertles'Unlon and the u;ngresi for Dlemocracy and Collective Sscurity?t were organlz6d tt-the tnstanice of-the Communist Party ir1i"ne r.rith the ttu$ited frontrt policy ofr the Comr-runlstInternation'1" Propaaanda.--

propaliiEt-

Conmunlsts

ernplod both

open and disguiscd

publicropen propagnnd.l, such as plrty ne"splpers and other is dcsigned to promote the uomqunlst ctuse. tions,- ldnittcdly . :',, The disguised propagenda, ained at nnybody rvho w111 list ne\c-'i-, the use of f:rdio, notlon pictures, lncludes look, or read, n nci any papers, books, mlgi..zines, publlc l-ecturesrstudy group3' The pnrty contiother meane by Uhici' the publ-ic 966 llformation. nualty \'rorks to plant undereover wonkers in al-l those fields. rtTltigr ' The firgt ne apap€r of the Confirunist Party was the of tenln, both.of which me,,n '!Spark.rt It named after XL* rr16i6yin .lKalayaanrr! and later bl. the 'rKntubusan." Tl:rr-. was succeeded by t,he ilTitisil has been- revtved and is being printed in mimaolraph. ,f the Pnrty to import thc tvorks of l'l'rrx, It l+as a praetlce and. other Cbnn:unist pamphleteers, fron the Engels, Lenin,- lit rlin house in i.N htd a clearing United States and Ruesla. For-this''Peoplets Book Cenber.tt The the Manila before the war cRlled ItKatububan Boci<ehoptr and th,e "ltrew.BulJdelg Bookshop'r sepred the same purpose for e time aftcr Liberation. Other publications th.rt served the Corrrrmi st novel4ent vrcrc 'rVannrardtt of the Loague f6r the Def ense of Democncyrrf tho the ItBisig' of the CL0,'l"omunistatr l.iagbubukidtt of the PKl,i, and the irAng 't..ng thr: of the Corununist Party. Bolsebik't and :rs a proprgrrnda medi'um. The movles had been also infilt!'ated tAlio Raw ay Huk ' n Th r pj.cqure pro-conurwllst rvas ono such ril eeedly field has been invrded bv tho so-cal1ed 'rproletarirn local literary 'hlch 1s invariably bhe Huk moveslanted io iustlfy literature' ment or cleate a faeling of tho noed for revolutlon No f iipe out poverty arr(l nlscry. ; ,'he radi r: esn.?ciaIl-v has been a, target

- 9 ' 1'r -

for

infiltrntion.

The

6)""t%f Pol"itburo trial reveaLed that Anlel G. Bakl infiltrate the Cbr:psof broadcasiers in the

crldro to

, which get a may be assigned to the Cultural" Group. This c\ lri. position ls broadcastcr at specific hours, eith at].on announcer or ner4rscilster for thc newspaper - or time buyelrs a t t h e 6tations.

Ftlipinos Ilke to join groups I@.-takb advantage of thjs iilittlat ffinists p1:rnting pino characteristic thensclves in such organizations by This technique has becn and pretending to l,rork for thcir welfare. where the Communists are part-icul:rrly effcciive in labor unlons, that aris(: betordinary disaqreements tble to magnify nnd distort z's ween employers and rqorke . in labor unions arc not for the purpos; Communist actlvlties Party literatura enjoins Conmunists in nonof helping labor. irusc Comnunist countries to labor organizations only to r"tr)aiidntlc econonic structure of c:rpitalism, I and that l,flen tthe revolution nust be either abolished ruthlcssly develops, these organizrtions Communist support of of ta.k-en over As a funiti-on of the st:ltc. Filipi.no the Labor noveroent is revealcd as a tactic to help the party rcech ends that rtrould destroy froedorn of latrorers, along with that of all citlzens. by One of such labor organizations that had been infiltr:rtcd 0 o n m u n i s b s ' r i } i p i n a s . l l p i t i n g in is thc Fedgrgcion.Obrc{a dc the i l'{-r-;: o 1 ' 1 f i6 the'rPhr1ip,,ine Labor I; lln l1oilo City, Jose l!. llava organized in l.archr 1929.a labor feder:,.tion cel.ied Feder;rcion 0bi,rra dr: l"il-ipina; (i'OF). lhis is the Inost railitant labor orgilnization in the louthern l'hilippincs. It has 1ed sever,rl big strikes in sugar centrals and plantations, and lumber yards and conccssions, riines and ports, railroads . under warehouses. -'his fcderation had sone kind of fratcrnal ( !hjr_jb!ijluna!_4 standing rvith thr:- - }organiz.tion v, r r n.ge 1cd by Crisrnto l-ista. Capariocia, lrho r'qa s k111ed by a clvili-an connando j-n Panay, uas inspcctor general o' the FOF before hc vrent underEround ltith 3algos in 1949. :jupDort of tiberrl Causes.- - llecause liberal ideas hav.: an progress, Conmunists often atten'r't ' honorffi cnu: r; in thc public mind as s'ilroorters of liberal to bi: idontified ihcy bcliev: that, in this w:ry, sincere 1i6,;rn1s may bc triclccd lnto sup'ortin,rl Cornnunist inter.sts. By supportlnc causes r"l..ich rreliev,: worrltl inprove our denocracv, Comnunist: many good Filipinos hoi)e to create a genenl feeli;,g that Coro.runismand democr,rcrrarc p r r c t : c n 1 1 v t h r : s " r n c . I n r e : r I i t v , C o r n r - u n i s t sl o o k u p o n d . ) r a o c r f l c V- Lj inpractical, imperi:rIistic, Fascist. Genuine liberals are individuaLs worl.infi tolrard the bettcrrn,,rrl of our d3riocrrtic -)rocesses lccorclj.r'q to olrr constitutional latt,)r'r: and ''iuh politicrl allcliance only to t,hr il,.'-'ubIic of the thilip.L'hayfcar Nhen mort: thrn pines. Oomrnunists hatc genuine llberils. a n y o t h c r g r o r r l >o f F i l i p i n o s ; t h e r r : f o r e t h e y t r r r i n e v c r \ , rr r 1 . ' L ' corrupt 1j-bcral -rnindad pe<-,1;1e. irront organlzations and othor ilrop a g r n d . 1t e c h n i q u e s r r e ; d c s i l l n c d f o r g , o t t i n g l i b c r ' 1 s t o u i . i n k alonq Cornmuni s 5 lines. 0n the other hand, Conmunists frcqucntly abt:rch thenselves tr' a 1 i a e r , 1 r n o v e m e n tj - n o r d c r t o k i l l ibs prograrn. In somc cascs, this tactic irrvolves hhc deliber:lte cre,ltion of Darliamentarq tanglcs or intcr:nal- dis cnsion. In oLhcrsr it is thc Connunist ni., to have thc novernent becoiae associated lrith comnunisn in tht: publ-ic

- 1 0

,9, Llberal grouP mind and therefore lose public favor, tions should exercise vigilance against the infiltra Comnunist s .

Zd' ,^\ '---t Bv tS tUet1)./

seizure of governnent alMys The Conrnuni$t strategy of forclble coneernlng nilitary has contaLned clear and specific instructions police organizations. and Lenin singled out the l.lrrty rrany tintes. In hls instructions, lJorld Prior to l/ar I, he urged the necesslty of turning-the weapon$ rrthe as essential for of the Itrray against ihe governnent itself trThe slopgan of Social-Denocra cy rnust novt be: r.-,/olution.r? He said: to propeganda of the SoclaLlst revolulion' first, an all-epbracing activitiesi be extcnded nlso to the Army. and the area of nilitary emphasis to be )laced on the necesdty of Uurnlng ttle weaponsr not against the brother r+age-sLaves of other countries,. but against thc governnenis and parti.es in reaction of the bourgeois (eapitalist) each country.rl

On anot,her'occasion, Lenin said that, in phattering the governnent, the revolution al-so must shatter lts arned forces and police. He nentioncd the arned forces aflain in his orders concerning i1lr:gal irlllegal necegsary in the Ar.nla, work. He snid: work is particularly tho Navy, the police . . . 'r and Stalin, too has given particular attention to the police rThe dictat,r:rshlp of the proletariatrr? he says, r?cannot military. it can corre comc about as a result of peaceful developnent only as tho result of the destruction of the bourgeol,s state machinc, of the bourgeois arr,ry, of the bourgeoi.s civil and of adninistration, the bourgeoj.s polic e..rf These instructions have of conrnurrisr,r of the nester tacticians ltt n docubeen adopted by thc Conmunist Party of the I'hi1i.ppines. 'Basic l.iilitary nent captured by the IliIi entitled Conccptions, jprep,r.y66 by the Jecret-rrir.t of the Uorcnunisl Party and narke.l. '?Top -- for PB only, Confidentinl it was ordered ih,rt itAggressive polithc r.1nk of the armed forces of the enemy, particularly ticnl-ization and file of foot soldiers . . . at the proper time, these foot thcir soldiers can be nadc to desr:rt and turn their guns against Political officer:s officers. and recruiting lvork anontT strategic and nen handling heavy rveapons should be made.1' Indeed there is nced for thc pollt i"calization of all our soldiers to the end thlt thcv ruill havc a clc:rr eonception to their political rirlhts nnd duti,::s under our demor:ratic sysUem of governmcnt. We should take cari: that the propaganda and entreattes of th,: Cornxluni st s arc re')udiated by our soldiers. Lro have faith in the inherent patriotisn Filipino But even patriotism the of sol-dier. h;rs been prostituterl. by the Cornr.iuniststo suit their ends. 0n1v by kno\ring the truth about connunism shall we be nble to repel the trea.chcry which it is socking to pronote within our Armed Forc,:s.

The intolligonce ancl count er- int elli gence agencies of the Gorrernment, iin<l of the Arms6 !'orcegl qre responsible for C4aling with subversive activities nnC, infhrences, but individual- servicemen can do a gre:rt deal to combrt c ormuni;n (fie. L, left half) . The first

and rrost important

thing

-l.L-

that

any filipino

i-n and

an intarest-ln out of uniforrn -- can do is to ttrkc iirong nnd health:t) i-na;;;,,;;*;;. t o ."t "iY:,.-t^" shouLd.sta ^::"1. *: --fri-Jio"ia serviceman, -like any o,El:I-'citlien, ttte "i*ni"umnn, Eirfs. th;E;i;;' takc an inte'iiidon "Y:l::' :l:;[ current of rt:H":1il rrbreast iefiigcntf} ot oPen su'rversive bc.:r1* He.nust He nustPo., :::l'fi"b:T"lH:ii: ;H-i;"c;i'oi:"n*"i. 11:tl-1o his slpport to tctlvities thrt vril] not Iend #;;-;;;;'"i^it'"i-r'" sb st causes' dommuni Lelb elb communi trick hin into 0n the other hrrtdr he sust n?!-^l-::'^Coruounists coo"""ists publiclv evcrythl;;i-tt"i thc foolls! positron ll--'pposins r'hit-a"n fot a hlghcr stardsupport. ror exanprc, Cofriiunists-say So is'cvcry good Filipino' a"i'of living. to to bo t:specially"l}ert The in<iivldual soldl{'r hrs a duty ne th.tt ncan not This doas conrnunist activity ii-iiu - i'"iiit' ;. c ount or-lnt el-l i genc-e on' o;;:* -dividi should rrppoint nrr,rsci:.r"i he'suspccts onyonc per;onally Ii do.not neen that il "rt"iiio iako-on tri.strould irot be suspicious of conraunlst tcnaoncils]"-I[i"o-ait, view on a public issuc' of everyone rvr,oa:'sail"clt *iirt'tit"-tita:otiiv fro'o"La flliptno tradltion' Frce discussron or J?^.i:;-iJ""; i"-^n ot'itet-Fifrprttb "it1;91:-.should But every sarvicem.ln;";;*i";;"";ervnuthoritv' Th. "uboor"i*r" ".is-[o-i;iopgr rcport etear disloyiity-;" b d e h i s c o l 4 :t i n c p r b p e r r u t h o r i t y i " ' t r r l i r " o - 6 r t b e s c r v l c e n a n -w o u levidence of roal iottoi'ou ii"t" andonrv"t;"-$;";; ins-officcr, iiEroyorty 6hou1d b'o rePorted' $ow Can Cgmrq4lste He i(^cognxzeo t.

cornmuni9t s t personal appearance As 1 mcsns of, idcntifying I.t"as, ro.d." 4ctions .;rird-qualified ,i;;ihi;;.counrs for tittle crtrd6 and pap:rl -?l^!h' documcntary sourceB u,tii'-n"-"u*l':rship. aro the rnost reliablc tesl's

iroirts

corruirunistparry and ii""oii"iiJ'-or SoroeFli-lplnos

pin the Coni:runist label

orr rnybody who disa:rees

u"t--niso dlnAi:rouiin that toit what the 0ommunistswant -io'reneribc;.tlr:rt iJ-breciscly

with them. This 1s iiii "iiiv-;"{il"

create6 confusion *r,icfr thc 'ront m;tiority of brins about. ft ir"ioff if'"ffi;11{ "o"Jrtiott rgainst osr Reputhos6 involvcd ln ilt;"i-t"li"i. and.dec-11llyf"grona8anblic have bcon Oraglcd'along by terroristic ;:";icenan-h:rs Positivc proofs hc .n^ unl-css . trtoto?ii"';-;ii;

$fr;"ra'ti"i"i

i;A

calline any onc a comrnunist'

Con:mrnist unloss he is one; No one is Likely to caLI-hlnsclf ars-;oJ n problen' 'dut wh:rt so, rccogniztng ttrc'id"itili-eii*t"nist Cornrnunistwho denics mcmarb reliablo nettrois"If-t:ilie"i;i"e-tlto or the Party'Lino? (Flg' I' bership or.agreencnt with the part:/ rlght hal.f I . st bcfore giving anyone a Corlrnunl -Iti'ei'orso No good Fllipino will call

Fillpi ; ;;;t-;;;-9:':llt-tipeoPlc besidcs art enrion to h1s d;; ;;;;d'; For eiampll'^other nos mlsht u" ","onrriiil;";;;il"4; To il"'constitution' comnunlstsopposcdiii'piiiiv. incnarnent";; rt is ""iirorv ridicul-ous' labe1 all wbo oppos;;"ii-iltitra'ic perlson rs a Ci:msnrnist solely by hls to flnd out if a lnoossible or ti'Io important on one "iine

issues ' '

".119,!-:h:.:*':I::":i,I; '"' person pe'son conststentl-vc.,ru r'i' ' Jelrvr '' "-"---ogBut b't rr 1r :., siri elorv iith

rt ll8o"tt" aira "31::::"f,:tl,3f;,1fit" rf Comrrirnist. com*unisr. rs "a 1:^i-9;y"l*:'l^-*l.l:. . l:he V ls .If Comnunist ruu pressr^hc l"Y-.''-Firiv. thc volonu vr .'oDt -^'" pr iirneo-i.,Ln tnc changc policlcs, o" Hl,iB - ----i--* ^ n ' 1 ! r sgpPorts 6 ! r ' \ r \ ^ r ' . f o iovlgt-r J n w i e-i;' t - u?*!Ylls:^-^i U -;;rioiOfnmUn ionslstontly -+;h+rrr rtnon all ntr thasâ&#x201A;Ź th,)se st6ntly does congr "

::H:;l;T:'o'EliiiiiiiJ:' iili."-iitinr-s,

he IS a Conrnrntst!

f)j\e\

V $* 1-,.i, f{ trhe:42-rr 't-tnii

In this discussion we have traced the history lrnc.r e old Conmunist Party and movement in the Phlli-ppines ern with t scen how its airns, program an.l nethods tal1y previous discussi cornrnuni sm everyr'"here. In the thrce lleachesr and what Cornmunist t connunism tnlked t,nlked about r{hat cornnunismlreachesr Cornmuni r.:gimes ii yn' i - hh ; >e lS l no r rv i r i: fe t IU I nn i in r +!.^n onn2 z a- - n N hrve donc, first, C t h e n iihn ^o+t; h^ -c r c^ ^or run rn- t r i j i-n which they have teen able to seize control. i/c havr; scen that everywhere, under connunisn, the peoplc h'lvc nll lost sr-.mblanceof freedoml they have becn sutrJircted 1ro 3s cornplete and tyrannicnl a dictatorship as any th t the world has evcr knolin. Thbre is no roason to beli,eve that the story r,vould be different in the Philippines were the Cor,munists to cope to power

(fis. z)

Under the Cornnunist rul-e, as Nhe experionce of other countries has .dcnonstr .ti]d, cvcry roqIl, r',ornan, and c.hild would c orne under life woul-d StaliniSc discipline. Every phase of ev.rry individualrs o f the bc subjcct to party controL, with the ever-present fear p o 1 l c e seeret and the threat of thc concentrirtlon canp. 'tfr"'u"i"rnment, Labor unl.ons would be run U nnd Lhe Government possibly help would be run by the Conmunists. Unions.cc,uld not rnrorkers to ohtain higher pay, shorter hours, or better working conditiong, could not as thcy have under our systom. Indivtduals chrnge their Jobs if they rvantcd to, but would ha.ve to \^/ork at what they were told L{), and st wrges fixed by the Govcrnment. S c h o o l r t t , : n d . 1 r n c . .w o u l d r r o t h l I e f t t o i n d i v i d u i r l c h o i c e - - v , : would go to school only whcrc and whcn thD prrty told us to go. 'rttewouLd read only what the party 1et us rerd, hear onl-v ivhat it, let us hear, l rrrl , as far as it could rnanagc ib, knolv onl)i r^rh:'t,it wrntcd us to know. Under Cornrnuni st ru1e. do so vrould bc a crine for

vle could not start o!1r owrl trusfncss. To which scv,)re punishnen[ would be ir:rposed.

l/e could not own farms. Land would be the property of th ) Governrnent. ijo would farn it under orders, and could not nak() anv decisions as to lrha! wa would grow, rvhen or wherc we could si:l-I our hh^n,'^+

f^-

L^,,

mUCh.

1Je could not own homes, All real es|ates would belong to thc Government r.rhich, in turn, would be in the h rnds of the tjornnunist Party. Living quarters would bc 'tassigned.tf, Religion would be discouraged, Tcaching would be narrovrly f e s t f i c L e d . . A 9 a d , : n l c f r c c b . o m. w o u 1 c ld. i s a p p e a r . . T a 3 c l r e r s w o u l d - . t e a c n o n _ L yw n n t , r J s S p r c s c r l b c d b y t n e p a r t y , a n d v l o l a t o r 6 w o l r l d be punished -- maybe I'ut to death. ^rdirocted.'t Scj.entific research uould be , supervised closely and N6r woultl it bo irossible tO 'vote the tl ornr':unist Party out of control whcn once it r*as in power. Voters could cast their ballots onlv for crndid t,]s selecL'rd b-, thc party -- and the.e rvould be only one party. ltrn need only to read tho pap!-.rsr or look nt hrhat has happened ln many countriâ&#x201A;Źs of Europe, rnd in China rnd Korea no',,' to see how neaninglcss electlons are aftcr n Qomnunist regime tak,rs

T-G'-fffirthe 2 See TI !!T 3 See Tf ff-

n Theorv of Corqmunism. t ? C o m m u n i isnn -t h c U . S . S . R . n fnternational Comrm:nlsrn.n

- 1 3 -

(it . over;

iind how inevitably

all

thesr: other things

have ha

rrEtcrnal vigilancc is thc price of libcrty.' The b( to fiEht an idea is with r better idea. The most effecti 1g:rlnst conmunlsm in the Philippines today !s thc maint en.l strong and loyal llmed Forces, ,rnd the constant devcloprncnt of a strong, r.rorking dernocracy thnt preslrves rnd guarantees the indiviThc sprcad dual freedorcs which our Constttution and l alvs protect. of uonrnunl.st doctrines is a rnenace to those freedoms in tht: saroe way..th:rt contagious disease is a nenace, spreading fron a few peopl,: to nany. Lile a disease., cornrounismrequires quarentind to kecp it fron infecting the NrLion. The lrcst quarantine is a permanent one-posit j.ve deraocracy. strongr vigilant, D]SCUSSION]"AADHTISOUTLII.IE I . -ri;'

I.nt roducti on A.

This is the fourtl}

pamphlet in the Conlnunisrnderl,:s. of the Connunist Party in

the

Fhil

iprines

II.

Iltrr,F Are the ,Airns of the Conr:runist Partv of the Phi.lippines?

will

be dcvoted to the story .

..i .: . ;r. s r'...c....r.,..

To get control of the Govcrnmt'nt, through propaganda and violence, and revolution if necessuy. III . l/lrat Success IIave tl.re Comrlunists Had in the Phi-l-ip:.incs? A.

Formally launched on Novembor 7, 19'10.

0utl-a','ed by the Suprr:rne Court, in L91 2.

Socialist

Comrnunist Party and Soci rlist

lfcnt underground at outbreak of riorld ./ar fI.

Proclaims conLrol of Hukbalahap linrgl-r 29, l9l+2.

P a r : t y c a r r i e d o n u o r k o f C o m m u n i s tP a r t y .

G. Emerged 1n I9h5, rnuch stronger Hukbalahap arned force.

Party l4erged in 19:3.

than pre'star because of

Politburo H. Drastic mcasurcs taken a55ainst Comrnuni st Party. t ' i r i t arrested, chargcd in court. o f } i a b e a s C o r p u s s u s p e n d e da g : r i n f . communists. int{.rnsified rni}itery canpaign against HIttss. IV. tr'fhat Dct c,rrnijnes,thc Co-mgllrni st Partv

rLine'r?

A. - A11 party doctrine rcsts upon the r;rinciple '?the support oi i o v i e t H u s s i a i s t h c d u t y o f C o n m u n i . s b si n a l l c o u n t r i e s t t ( L e n i n ) . B . t i b ' ) r t a r i a n n o v r l m . j n b si n c o l o n i a l 1 ' n d d c n c n d e n t a r e a s against United States and other colonial ponrcrs, rnd in -frvor nf the iovii:t Union. V.

How is

the

llationgl

CommunisL Partv

0rqaniz'";d?

Congress con.rened onlrr uheh circurnsllanccs warrant.

Centrril- Cc)rnmitteetakcs un ganera I . polic ies of party.

-r4-

F61.1tbul6 {fti'lenents doctrlh

Secret rrlat

undc:r iecrctlry

,,ji'1,111,1 Fi; l-"r " ^7.t/

Gcneral is acme of

pafty. E. PrlnclpaL orga ns aie Organization axl I'lntional $ducational Dep;1rtnent .

{.^,\

il;r(tY

Burop.u, l,'liLitary

(see tcxt for abtrils).

vr. A. l,Ianpowerf'or Party unlinited due to discontr:nt and economic deNcrior:rtion. Oovernmentcountcracts this. by ecolronic anellor r t l o n p r o Je c t s . B. Jourcog pf rveai:ons. t,/qrtinre.collection, cl-andestine purchascs, capturo tbxough ambuscadesand ralds of /lrrny ant': police Arsennls. Po:slblo arnuglling. Counteractod by intensifix] intelligence and conb&t nctlvities of Armod forces. ,Juporior:Lty of Conmunist airos ln struggle.

by psychological

Uountcracted

wlirfirre.

D. Time-tabls for overthror^, of, Govefnr,lent frustr';rt,]d Arned Irorces and othor government agenpI es .

VII.

of . the Government, Ex.rrnple, Ang,:l- O Baking. (See text for examples). Frdnt Organizntion.

Infil,tratlon

C. iiubversive Propaganda. (disguised and open throuiTh audiov isurl] m e d i : r , l i k e r a d i o , s c r â&#x201A;Ź e n , n d r " ' s p a p e r sb, o o k s , m a g e z i n e s , publlc lecturcs, study groups, Seo Lext for examples).

Infiltration

Support of Liboral

of l.abor Unions. Orusr:s.

VIII . A. Lenin anrl st;,lin taught that th? weapons o1 15g :!rn! nusi be turned rgalnst thc Govcrnrnent, 'rnd thrt the 1o\/ 1ltv of thb Armed Forqes r4ust b6 l^rerl<ened. B. Polltburo insLructions to recrui.t o.fficers and rnen in the rirrned Forcoa.l foot soldi,:rs to be nade to {descrt anrl turn their guns a;lainst the ir off icers.'?

rx. He shoul-d not be a one-man count erlnt ellige nce dividion. He shoul-d be a-l-ert to the danger of subversive proprgandr..

c. rtith

offi c er. -

"*-+.

He sho{Id not be suspi.cious of evcryone who disagreos

hin.

He should r e p o r t c l e a r d i g l o y a l t y

to his conmandirig

4ow Can Conmrnlsts be iiecoenlzed? (Usc fig. A.

I'lot 'bI thclr .

1, right

half).

stand on one or tvro issur:s.

.,!.!r.. ";..

'-.t

B. If a person consistsntly probalrly a Conmrnist.

echoes thc Party Llne,

c . r f h e consistently shifts rrlth every change 1n P r e s s , o r t h e publicatlons of thc ComrnunistPartyr.ho pr a Corrynuni st. D. ff he conelst,cntLy supports Sovlct and HMBpoli c l o 5 , h e probably ls a Conqunlst. g. If ho consLstentlv does a};l three of thesr: thihgs' a Conrnurllst . '

h-' ts

!'. If a part,y cnrd or Oomnuntst Party document shous he is a mornb er of thc Uorrnunigt Paftyr he is undoubtodl.y a Connunist. XI.

Summsry*ard UopcLusipns..

A. The ftrst, thrr:e TAI,KSon conrnunisn shnlred that evorywh:rc, under conmunlsn, cltLEens hava lost &11 $embhnae of fre,--dom.

B. Thie f,ourtb paqphLot has sho$,nthat' tho aims of the Uonmuni sb Party of, thc Phttlpplnea are the gano as thos e of rnoccrn cofimunisn evgrylrherc. C. So thero is no reison to beli€ve that tho storv t,roulrl bc differr:nt ih the Philippines shoutd uonununigte conc lnto power ( U s ef i s . 2 ) . D. Thc best w8y to fi&ht an ldoa is ritb a bettar ldea (use fig. 3); the r4og t ofiectiva-d ef2neo against communisnln t'he Philipnlnes atrc a €tbong -ranredFcr ces 'rnd the contlnuAl- d,:velopr0cnt of a strong, worklng rrpgbllc and vlgilanb deraoeracy. PRDSIII{'II.TIONPOINTERS 1.

S:Lt,:nt Points.

fliFffiffifsL"arty

polnt$ covired ard thnt

Principal

of trre Pr,ilrppincs ls nct ?rjust

anothirr partyrr but a unit of lnt,)rnltional comnunisrn, rthicl tdrch.-:, advocntcs and actually tries thc ovcrthrow of non-Comnunist govern* n..nts by forcc and vj.olence. Its poLleie€ b. Conununist ParLy Iine.

consi$t{:ntly

c. Cor'.rlunlst tactlcs nal patt ern.

thtr intcrnation'r1

lrr thc Phl-lippincs

foLl"ow thr: internatio-

There Is no reason to bel.ieve that, the ascenrllicy to d. power of the Comnunist Party of lhe Philippines r'rould not lerad to tyrannies and losses of fre.;dom tha! communismhas brought about el.s cwhcro . e. The best antidcla to communisrnie vigllont denocracy.

and con6truclive

2. Proparai ion. Youn pr.rparntion for th.: fnf mmation Hour shou1dinffist:(a)rindingthispan$h1eta}tthetvay (b) brushing up gn thc t,hr6e othci pamphlet s on communisn thror.gh; (TI #!, !, and ] ); ard (c) rcading this pamphlct through agaln sovernl- times untiL, \'dth tho aid of @ 1nd the visu:il alds, you can pres4nt thc ril.rtcrial flucntly in you, yourself , through nelrspan.ir.s" own words. In addlt'ion, famlliariao

-16-

with latest

i;"iitu"io

devoloplnonts in such current ti e"rs stores as the

irials

aitd their aPpeals to the supreraecourt

a n o in'restigations lnvesE1gaclons and

lr:als trials

asrJ.l'Yruruu o r cionnrunist o l l u t r u n a F ! actlvitiesr of-

use thexn as springhoards for tho prescntation

ulrlru : t e thot r so

of todayrs to

to tha conference nethd in tvhich a. This topic Lende itself you. as leader. -rnls,: statenent and thcn (or llt I'lrke thc introductora questions and suggestions io arnus'r group i;he'sanu timc) dl scussion. b . iione glven belou (

on . rou proDaDly' others, growing out of your preparatioh during the hour Itself.

(I-XI)

3re o ormul;rt o is said of what

Use a bLackboardor strlptia$e outflne of ntain topics fron the Pispus.e.l-otLeaderls out{,rF.

at thc end of tho bourr even if thc d. Be aure to sumariz. ltrote thnt the su6nnr]t in the text discussion has to be cut sbort. of thc pamohlet ties Ln all f,our of ths TllKi and present's certain conclusioni about lthnt would haPpen under a Cournruniet rcgime in the Philippines.

visuirl, ALds.

2, and j mny be usod to :ldvantlâ&#x201A;Ź a. Foints at which fleurel. It are indicatcd in the tcxt, aild in ihc-@. 1'mnL You to read gure may 1bc read aloriii ed Lhat' fl. 'is suggest figur,: 4 aloud a1eo. liote that when vou arc discussing Comnlrnist tactics in thi: b. Phitippincs (s:ction.VI ;f tho Uiscussion-Le;:{er} Outltne), thc us cd Comrftrnish," i3 l'cc nrnricnd of figurc i frorn TI # L, ttlnternationnl uornmunist tacand the thcsc tactics batwecn to shor the sirnllarity tics used in other parts of the rvorld. 5.

Sueeest crd Qu,:st ions to itirnirlat

e Dj.qcussion.

a. If you dlscovcr thst a cAuse, in which you believer is being baeked also by Connauniots, hthat d.o you think you should do? Change your nlncl? Continue to furthcr th,: cau$c anyhow? Stnrt thc cause? fighfina lhc oomnrunlsts for Iaadership in fslttrr:rinil 0r what? Give your rca6ons. lssue, you b. If, while discussing; a national politlcal you a lrlledlt ca11ed presr:nt and sorl.leono advocated clr;.nges in laws, whnt woul"d yorr reply be? Sornepeopl.e advocate that aLl school teachers should be c. requlrcd to trike an orth that they are not Comrnuniets. Do you think that this proposal is rrise or unlvise? Do you think that teachers in schooLs of sonc levels, but not all , should be requlred to take such an oath? Give your rcasong. d. Somo people advocate that the Connunist Party should be '.trhat'do you think of that proposal"? Giv.; outlawed by leaisiation. your rcasons. If a Cotrwrrrnist should ask yo'r. vfty you bell eve our sysbem b. is worth keeplng, r*rat, arc sone of the answers you would give?

* l . 7 .

Figure TENDOIIITSIN THE trIOHT AOAIIISTCOI,O.{UNISM

,'r'Iecan successtully defeat the comnruni st att ernptto capture the. Philippin,is by ftghilng it ruith , ;t";;;-oil;-i;r;;.-*i,iaoa oy t,ruf n and just j_cc, impl irecntcd with a f e* rdonr ts?r ! Donrt label

anyone a Coununist unless you hflvc thr: facts.

Donrt tonfusr: ^

and progressiv.rs

libr:rals

Uontt tAke the IAN Lnto your orm hands,

w:ith Coru[unists. If

0oorn:nists

the taw, report suoh f,acte t,o'your iain-Jni"i,co;;ffi-ag;;&."

vioLnte

be a, party to the violation nf elvil riAht$ of -------Dont!, rrhenthie lF done, vou arc pleyihgtb,. anyone.dtreciry-iiii-o-trr. iranas of thc Conmunists. , 'let up-in thc factunl 4nd intcllig,)nt flght against ,-,Don?t graft and corruption, in and n"i oi tfro Govoinnent . 1et Comnunlsts ln your organizatioa _ Donrt-vot or labor union out" r^,.ork out <:, or out -nunb er you. , Donrt be hoodrrlnked b"r comlunist propaganda that thins bur mcansdestruitioil or rrre-Firiniii'T.r"";"iirJ.'' tt with the trutk.

says "eipo"u but one

comfortto.thc Cornnunisr causeby lg:jl^91".^1ii,l:d. coqrributing-to their

::gili:l!i"rrs, or championing cnamploning their their

carnpaignor o r dea;; defense

j oining

^ L ^ ^ t ^

causc in any,riy, causc"in any vJay, "irapE, sirap6, or forn.

Donrt 1et Comnunists lnflltrate into our schools, churches, ofrinion, thc pre6s, rr.o..,, and screcn.

:, nd mo1d.ers of public

O:I;

^DgIrtt fail

to rnake dcnocrncy_work with equal opportunity

cnioymentof everyriripino;s-.ielit-io :1111:st puy.ria of thr-. happinese.

- 1 8 -

iii;;

and

ti;:";;',

Flgure

/Xb. ^r,/.n,",,r,.1i]

rr;

i -'

Qli;6,;,

THE PHITIPI.ISESAT THE CROSS-RO.qDS e Oscar Cflstelo--ll

l95]--- on the

If t,hr: The Phtlipplnos now stands at the cross-roads. !hiilppines is awake, it lvlLl survlvc thc deadlv e ornnnrni st conspiIf not, lt r,.riLl suff,rr thc fatLr ol all 4ul1ib1d racy in tts ntdet. r.nd c orununi st'rl.ndoctfinrt ed nations in bhe qorld. ft nqw be4onas the duty of rl-l 1oyaL Iillpinn citia,;nqr reg?rdl-ess of th:ir creed and polibical afftlt;:t1ons, to bind th.:rnsslvcs t ogethurr nnd -Joi.n the vast movenent of fre r:dorn-Iovlng peoplcs of :rrd the world in combatting Coramunisn in its fund,Lmi:ntal princlples purpos,'s . The Adrrlnistrati on \.,ith the eooperation of loyal citi.zens should conduct a fte?er-ceesing educational progrart srnong all classes of peopJ.e, rich and poor, nativr: and fcr.:ignci, in schools and colJ.eges, fron bhe pulpit, ov{)r tha radlo, thrcugh newsplpo,rs and -parrphlets, to expose tbe curse *nd rrr:nace of Connunisrn, to thc Philipl>ines, to Chrlstianityr ienocracy and thc entire civilizaiion, using all channel.s of pubfic information to denounce Comrrynisrnend tol:rlltarlanisra ard uphold and defend fre': deroocratic institutions. A nat ionrlido, non-pArtignn, anti-com&unlst organtzaiion to conbat the activltles and propaganda of the Comrnunist Party in the Phfl.ippines should bc c 'cnted ni thc sane tine thnt th r lhilippinc A r r a e d - F o r c e so f t h e f l e p u h l l c i c c o n b a t t i n g t h c a r n l d f o r c r s . , i t h Eornrnunist Party ln the country. This nat ion-wlde orEanization to cornbat communism should include leaders of organiz=d labor and lgrlcultur.-:1 it shr:ulcl be the honest frit:nd of ov:rv honcst Filipino laborcr rnd farm;:r'; it should st and squar,:ly agrinst :r11 econ6mie eviLs rnd for all pr"op.,r ,:f thc ivorking Classirs; it shculd soci'il reforrns in thc intcrest advocatc- geouiae and hone$t Labor unions in tbc f.ictorics, sto{teg, frrrrs and rnincs, whcrevcr and whene'\rcr possiblc, and not to suppress, bhwart or block any necded reforms for improvcm+nts. Let it bc known that the r:dical and comnuni"st Lrbor e len,rnt will nover coopllrAtg undcr any circurnstances. They do not r^ra nt to bett')r thc conditlons cf bhc laborer or to humaniz: any social and industrial s,rrstern. They do nr)t really [r nt socirl ri:f orns and bett ernm{lnt of. any econonic systcn. They proposo to dcstrov it becausrr Coruaunismfeeds and thrives on public disordcr and revoluAny effort to conbat Conmunlsm will he futile tion. if rvc do not elininate thc eondi!lons upon trhich . Communlsmfecds rrnd thrivr:s.

-rg_

.1t

l,__JI

- - t - . . : - _ : . _ . : , _ : . , ; . , i/ / , r^.t -.1, i:- : -r. -/ V+ Ilcvel::r

iiis .b:ccller c-' t l J - , . ' - ca - J 1 : r . l r : l ' - - l : ^ 1 l . el l ' ; . 1 = .. . , : ;

k'/#..u|'' 'r

i'l.i1i-1,; ines at l,1riO crcllcl:

._lalfs, ,,1 -

tt-e l,li il ii-,i i:,.es lr:l

,il_c

.r;;

, .i-r_e.- oi

;ri |:. e r,cr;.l.in, oJ rbi:i,,,

Il.!l;, r I lTiveiice:,, !,)17 ::,+-ti.e Acacier:;, slte l.s f!'.sider:t

,r\-

ei tl.e i 1.l*.._l"i.j.:.i, i.iil j,t::rr, .-c-:-."a::-:,;

:,raa.i 1,., -:_-t-!..: -.ra: )ta :.,.,;- I .,_1, r: lij::t 'iirc

fl' QN

:--=," 0:' be:-:tii

1?51

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