Call for Freedom. Understanding dynamics of aid coordination in Haiti

CALL m o

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Call For Freedom-NEW (Haitian Art) Acrylic on Canvas 36X48

By Patrice Piard (For The Glory of Haitian Art)

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Understanding Aid Coordination in Haiti: a new perspective for

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Federica Garofalo

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a new response

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| P5_ Graduation presentation | 06112013

TUTORS Alexander Vollebregt_ Research Robert Nottrot_ Architecture Arjan van Timmeren_ Building Tech

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Presentation structure

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1. Introduction 2. Research: theoretical background 3. Research findings

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4. Design principles

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5. Design

6. Open conclusions

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1. Introduction 2. Research: theoretical background 3. Research findings

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4. Design principles

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5. Design

6. Open conclusions

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1. Introduction 2. Research: theoretical background 3. Research findings

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4. Design principles

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5. Design

6. Open conclusions

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1. Introduction 2. Research: theoretical background 3. Research findings

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4. Design principles

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5. Design

6. Open conclusions

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1. Introduction 2. Research: theoretical background 3. Research findings

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4. Design principles

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5. Design

6. Open conclusions

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1. Introduction 2. Research: theoretical background 3. Research findings

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4. Design principles

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5. Design

6. Open conclusions

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1. Introduction 2. Research: theoretical background 3. Research findings

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4. Design principles

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5. Design

6. Open conclusions

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1.

introduction: challenges

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before we start talking...

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understand the context ...video

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WARNING! THE CONTENT OF THIS VIDEO MIGHT BE DISTURBING VIEWER DISCRETION IS ADVISED

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ATTEZIONE! IL CONTENUTO DI QUESTO VIDEO PU0’ ESSERE SCIOCCANTE: LA VISIONE è A DISCREZIONE DEL PUBBLICO

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a i v “ ... ” e

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I have my reasons for being here...

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1. Big disaster = complex research, simple design 2. Connect real problems to formal choices

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3. Use of alternative materials

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1. Big disaster = complex research, simple design

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• Understand a complex reality with massive contrasts • Simple project, big impact

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2. Connect real problems to formal choices 3. Use of alternative materials

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1. Big disaster = big challenges in research & design 2. Connect real problems to formal choices

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• Traducing problems into coherent architectural forms

3. Use of alternative materials

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1. Big disaster = big challenges in research & design 2. Connect real problems to formal choices

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3. Use of alternative materials

• Integration in the cultural identity of Haiti

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2.

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theoretical background

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research

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design

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2 fundamental questions

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1. why aid coordination?

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2. why in haiti?

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Port au Prince

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FEW FACTS ABOUT HAITI

1. Poverty and illiteracy

Ayiti “Land of Mountains”

2. Tropical climate

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3. Country of voodoo

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4. Rich artistic culture

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FEW FACTS ABOUT HAITI

1. Poverty and illiteracy

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4. Rich artistic culture

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2. Tropical climate 3. Country of voodoo

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May 1 2011: Rosa St. Fleur, 45, stands with her children outside the metal shack they shared within the garbage-filled slum of CitĂŠ Soleil, Haiti.

Picture by Ben Rusnak

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FEW FACTS ABOUT HAITI

1. Poverty and illiteracy

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4. Rich artistic culture

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2. Tropical climate 3. Country of voodoo

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Image from touristmaker.com

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FEW FACTS ABOUT HAITI

1. Poverty and illiteracy

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2. Tropical climate

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3. Country of voodoo

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4. Rich artistic culture

Haitian voodoo dolls Picture from madamepickwickartblog.com

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FEW FACTS ABOUT HAITI

1. Poverty and illiteracy

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2. Tropical climate 3. Country of voodoo

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4. Rich artistic culture

Bidonville after the earthquake, Haitian artist FRANCILLON LAMEUR

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January 12,2010 | Earthquake in Haiti

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Picture taken on January 14, 2010 by Juar48 http://www.flickr.com/photos/juar/4275677590/

250.000 people killed, more than 300.000 harmed.

1.7 million people left homeless In 2012 still over a million people living in tents.

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haiti is a challenging context

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complex emergency fragile state, poverty

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natural disasters

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Picture by

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Picture by Corbis

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Disasters are disasters

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different effects according to where they hit

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Earthquake in l’Aquila, Earthquake in Haiti, Italy, 2009 2010 death, distruction and displacement

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Magnitude 6.3

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308 deaths, 80.000 homeless Image source http://www.celva.it/primopianoc.asp?id=17&l=1&n=187

Magnitude 7.0 250.000 deaths, 1.7 million homeless Image source ŠAlison Wright

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disaster after disaster

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no time to recovery

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no development

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http://blog.ob.org/tomas-drenches-haiti-%E2%80%9Cstreets-turned-into-rivers%E2%80%9D/

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A child wades through a sea of styrofoam and plastic containers looking for plastic bottles that the family will sell for money in the slum area of Citi Soliel in Port-au-Prince, on September 13, 2011. (Reuters/Swoan Parker)

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what happens after a disaster?

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three main phases: 3. long term development

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1. emergency

from 5 years on

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first 6 months

2. recovery short term development 2-5 years

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in Haiti: recovery but no long term development

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3. long term

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1. emergency

2. short term

vicious cycle of reconstruction leads to short term development

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Build - destruction - rebuild - destruction - rebuild - destruction

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obstinate reconstruction

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without changing or adapting to the environment

Build - destruction - rebuild - destruction - rebuild - destruction Human Nature Strikes Back by Daniel Cuomo Source: http://egn56.deviantart.com/art/Human-Nature-Strikes-Back-61132319

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how do we break this vicious cycle?

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the 2010 haiti earthquake, can be a starting point towards a radical change

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2010

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2013

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From disasters to aid coordination

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The future reconstruction of Haiti by Ricardo, for El Mundo.

The writing on the man's knapsack says, International Aid

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Helping people in Haiti. (Chinese official media’s reporting of earthquake aid for Haiti carries a nationalistic, self-promotional tune.)

2010.1.18 @Haiti

Total Donations for Haiti Earthquake Relief:

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TOTAL: $14.9 billion + debt forgiveness

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CBSnews, Haiti earthquake aid, 20-04-2010

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why so much money

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but

no development?!

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who uses the money:

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humanitarian aid

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Current aid system: clusters

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UN clusters by UN OCHA

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Current aid system: clusters

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ruled by United Nations

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UN clusters by UN OCHA

is not an official part of the haitian government

Current aid system: clusters

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the clusters are the actors which decide how things are done

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UN clusters by UN OCHA

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Current aid system: clusters

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the clusters are the actors which decide how things are done

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delivery of aid UN clusters by UN OCHA

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Cooking kits provided by World Vision are distributed to earthquake survivors in Haiti, following the earthquake that struck the capital on 12 January 2010. Picture by Joshua Lee Kelsey

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Images by Reuters

clusters: problems

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foreign aid

UN clusters by UN OCHA

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temporary system

clusters: problems

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little involvement of haitians agencies

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foreign aid

UN clusters by UN OCHA

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temporary system

gaps in the local system

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VERTICALITY OF THE CLUSTER APPROACH

MAIN ORGANIZATION

NGOs in the

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clusters

PRODUCTS

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B

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SUB B

SUB A

CLUSTER coordinators

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...

NGO cartoon by © Chris Riddell 2010

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Where do cluster people meet?

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UN base camp by MINUSTAH on Flicker

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in tents or containers: temporary structures

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Image by Shelter Cluster

example of shelter cluster meeting...

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temporary clusters + temporary structures

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leads to...

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leads to...

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Cartoon by Peter Brookes from The Times, January 16 2010

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3.

research findings

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2 MAIN FINDINGS:

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1 - Research: need of a continuous coordination system embedded in the local government

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Case study: Permanent clusters in Kyrgyzstan

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Disaster response in Kyrgyzstan by UN OCHA

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Case study: Permanent clusters in Kyrgyzstan

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Implement permanent clusters in Haiti!

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Disaster response in Kyrgyzstan by UN OCHA

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permanent clusters = continuous coordination to mediate foreigner and local agencies

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progressive development

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2 MAIN FINDINGS

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1 - Research: need of a continuous coordination system embedded in the local government

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2 - Design Need of a permanent place for coordination

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Image: www.urd.org

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design principles

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the choice of a sustainable design approach

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the choice of a sustainable design approach

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what is sustainability?

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the choice of a sustainable design approach

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what is sustainability?

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Sustaunability scheme by ReThinkgroup

“Taking less from the Earth and giving more to people.” the Rocky Mountain Institute, “Primer on Sustainable Building”

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the choice of a sustainable design approach

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what is sustainability?

Sustainable architecture:

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the choice of a sustainable design approach

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what is sustainability?

Sustainable architecture: • uses locally available materials

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Construction worker in Bali, by Ibuku

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the choice of a sustainable design approach

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what is sustainability?

Sustainable architecture: • use of locally available materials

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• resources that do not damage the environment

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Bamboo plants variety by Ibuku

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the choice of a sustainable design approach

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what is sustainability?

Sustainable architecture: • use of locally available materials

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• resources that do not damage the environment

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• adapts to local environment and people

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Tornado by dummidumbwit web blog

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knowing all of this...

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how do you connect aid coordination to

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architectural design?

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research

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design

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5.

design

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Goals of the design:

1. Comfortable feeling given by natural materials

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2. Spaces for work open and tall : overview on the space.

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3. A public place to connect aid coordination a to local public events

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Goals of the design:

1. Comfortable feeling given by natural materials.

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Inspiration: Anna Heringer , METI school in Bangladesh

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Goals of the design:

1. Comfortable feeling given by natural materials.

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Inspiration: Anna Heringer , METI school in Bangladesh

2. Spaces for work open and tall : overview on the space.

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Inspiration: Peter Rich, Mapungubwe Interpretation Cen-

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tre, South Africa

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Goals of the design:

1. Comfortable feeling given by natural materials.

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Inspiration: Anna Heringer , METI school in Bangladesh

2. Spaces for work open and tall : overview on the space.

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Inspiration: Peter Rich, Mapungubwe Interpretation Cen-

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tre, South Africa

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3. Space to connect aid coordination to local public events Inspiration: Ibuku, Green school, Bali

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qualities of the architectural space

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CONNECT ATTRACT FACE

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INTERRELATE MEET

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KNOW

SHARE

TALK

DISCUSS

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UNDERSTAND RESISTANT

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COFFEE BREAK

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GATHER

EXCHANGE INTEGRATED

ORGANIZE SYMBOLIZE DECIDE ACCESSIBLE

INDEPENDENT

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SUSTAINABLE

FLEXIBLE ADAPTABLE ACTIVATE A CHANGE

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design outcome

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clusters offices and public space

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materials: bamboo, earth

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location?

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First step: first coordination hub

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Port au Prince, Haiti

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• HIGHWAY • PRIMARY ROADS • AIRPORT AND PORT

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• accessible: located along highway and primary road, between airport and harbour

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• accessible: located along highway and primary road, between airport and harbour

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• decentralized: close to the city centre but not in the centre, safer in disaster situations

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• accessible: located along highway and primary road, between airport and harbour

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• decentralized: close to the city centre but not in the centre, safer in disaster situations • interesting urban tissue: tent camp around an amphitheatre

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PROJECT AREA

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Arereal view of IDP camp, Prt au Prince by Google Earth

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Arereal view of IDP camp, Prt au Prince by Google Earth

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Arereal view of IDP camp, Prt au Prince by Panoramio

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Arereal view of IDP camp, Prt au Prince by Panoramio

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why it became what it became

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recalling the research goal...

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recalling the research goal...

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implement permanent clusters

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space to work

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cluster system

design concept

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F masterplan D P generation ia

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Arereal view of IDP camp, Prt au Prince by Google Earth

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Finding site rules...

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Urban shapes

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Focus point: Amphitheatre

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existing urban element promoting the action of gathering

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1 | AMPHITHEATRE | public space

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2 | GRID | connects big and small scale

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3 | STAGE

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4 | CONNECT PUBLIC SPACES

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5 | PROLIFERATION | OFFICES

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6 | PROMENADE

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MASTERPLAN

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MASTERPLAN

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MASTERPLAN FACADE

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Image: Katharine Sutliff in Science.

BUILDING AS A MEDIUM TO CONNECT

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connect place - to - place

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connect people - to - place

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connect people - to - people through spaces

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how do you bring many people together and then

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them go apart?

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combining different spaces

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Plan

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3 kind of spaces... program

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LEt' s get in!

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1- PUBLIC SPACE | 450sqm A PLACE FOR PEOPLE TO MEET:

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point of attraction, gathering

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GATHERING SPACE

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PUBLIC SPACE GROUND FLOOR 300sqm

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EVERYBODY ACCESS FROM HERE!

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ACCESSS TO THE PUBLIC SPACE

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EVERYBODY CAN LOOK DOWN!

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PUBLIC SPACE_ FIRST FLOOR 150sqm

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2- PRIVATE_OFFICES 430 sqm

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A PLACE FOR PEOPLE TO WORK

space for coordination

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1- PUBLIC SPACE | 450sqm A PLACE FOR PEOPLE TO MEET:

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point of attraction, gathering

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PRIVATE! ONLY WORKERS ACCESS HERE!

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ACCESS TO THE WORK SPACE

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EVERYBODY ACCESS FROM HERE!

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ACCESSS TO THE PUBLIC SPACE

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aid coordination offices: how many people?

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a very flexible number...

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a single cluster can have from 3 to 20 workers depending on the emergency

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ADAPTABLE SPACES

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spaces that grow

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and ADAPT

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2- PRIVATE_OFFICES 430 sqm

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A PLACE FOR PEOPLE TO WORK

space for coordination

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structual grid

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BASIC STRUCTURAL GRID

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Earth walls

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Earth walls

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Bamboo facades

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Earth walls

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Bamboo facades

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Bamboo load bearing structure

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3- SEMI-PUBLIC _ PATIO A PLACE FOR WORKING PEOPLE TO INTERACT: space of opportunity

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WORKERS INFORMAL AREA

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SEMI - PRIVATE: PATIO

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PRIVATE! WORKERS HAVING BREAK HERE!

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ACCESS TO THE PATIO

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tension between big and small space

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tension between big and small space movement of people

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the main building is an open public place, tall and simple space

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the bamboo arches define a constant pace in the place the earth walls define the boundaries of the space

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5m

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12 m

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the structure determines the rhythm of the space

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tension between big and small space movement of people

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you have to pass from the patio!

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and from the main public space!

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more chances to meet,

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more chances for interaction!

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reconnecting with sustainability...

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materials and details

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why don’t they use bamboo and earth now?

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current most used material

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not produced locally

Build - destruction - rebuild - destruction - rebuild - destruction

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and...

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Build - destruction - rebuild - destruction - rebuild - destruction

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w Haiti001 Š Christian Als

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Aerial homes neighbourhood earthquake damage -Port-au-Prince-Haiti by United States Navy

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WANNA GO out?

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natural and resistant

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natural and resistant local -- empower local economy! use of local skills-- give work to locals!

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natural and resistant local -- empower local economy! use of local skills-- give work to locals!

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sustainable!

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breaking the vicious circle of reconstruction

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the building can be a showcase

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2010

2013

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construction and material details

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you have to pass from the patio!

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connection earthwall- bamboo

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Earth wall - Bamboo construction

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ROOF STRUCTURE

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Corrugated bamboo sheet:

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• waterproof • light • easy to substitute

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Bamboo connection as in the Green school in Bali, by Ibuku

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explore more details on the posters!

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now... LETì S BUILD IT!

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and from the main public space!

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Earth walls_ thermal mass preventing overheating

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Exhaustion of hot air from rooftop window

Big overhanging roof_ uniform shade around the building

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Breathable bamboo facades permit abundant cross ventilation

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disaster resistant?

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disaster resistant? yes!

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FLOODING?

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The whole complex is lying in a “stage”, 50 cm above the ground to prevent flooding

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Breathable and strong bamboo load bearing structure.

Light corrugated bamboo sheets for the roof.

Easy and fast reparation in case of damage.

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Rounded shape accommodate the wind forces.

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hurricane?

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Double - disconnected structure: load bearing bamboo: light, flexible, strong thermal mass: low earth walls

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Disconnection prevent complete falling of the building in case of shock

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Earhquake?

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just few more things

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almost done!

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this is not going to happen all in one time

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long term planning

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PHASE 1 | 1-2 years

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PHASE 2 | 3-5 years

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PHASE 3 | 5- 7 years

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PHASE 4 | 10 years

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PHASE 5 | 15 years

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PHASE 6 | 20 years

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a journey of thousand miles begins with a single step...

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(Laozi)

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PHASE 1

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MASTERPLAN PHASE 1 10 m

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last but not least...

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when is this building supposed to be built?

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start... tomorrow!

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how it can be financed?

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money going to haiti for reconstruction!

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reconnecting with sustainability...

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materials and details

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6.

open conclusions

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From design to research...

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The architectural intervention as

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a symbol of inner strength

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back to the challenges...

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1. Big disaster = complex research, simple design 2. Connect real problems to formal choices

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3. Use of alternative materials

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BEFORE

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VERTICALITY OF THE TEMPORARY CLUSTER APPROACH

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MAIN ORGANIZATION

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SUB B

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CLUSTER coordinators

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NGOs in the clusters

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The whole system is hard to change...

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more horizontality

VERTICALITY OF THE TEMPORARY CLUSTER APPROACH

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NGOs in the clusters

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IMPROVED HORIZONTALITY OF THE PERMANENT CLUSTER APPROACH

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CLUSTER coordinators

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AFTER

BEFORE

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MAIN ORGANIZATION

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CLUSTER coordinators NGOs in the clusters

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PRODUCTS

more interaction | effectiveness

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1. Big disaster = complex research, simple design 2. Connect real problems to formal choices and long term planning

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3. Use of alternative materials

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flexible plan... designed to conciliate interaction..

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flexible plan... designed to conciliate interaction.. ...phased construction

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1. Big disaster = complex research, simple design 2. Connect real problems to formal choices and long term planning

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-- Bell and Dandicat, Walking on fire, 23

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Bamboo and earth, alike Haitians...

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disaster resistant

culturally accepted

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remember the vicious cycle^ ?

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we broke it!

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by changing reconstruction approach

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progress

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and development 2010

2013

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next?

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1. Continue the research on clusters

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2. Apply for research funding

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3. Go to haiti

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ending...

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What?

Coordination office complex and public space

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WHY?

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to make local aid coordination happen Port-au-Prince, Haiti

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now... LETì S BUILD IT!

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...this is what i did

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...GRAZIE

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by Haitian artist Levoy Exil

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now is your turn!

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questions and comments, please!

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