S E P T E M B E R / O C T O B E R 2 0 1 2 • V O L U M E 14 , N U M B E R 5
THE MAGAZINE OF THE
FBI NATIONAL ACADEMY ASSOCIATES
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DOCTORS ON THE LINE TELEMEDICINE CAN OFFER TRAUMA SUPPORT
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SEPTEMBER / OCTOBER 2012 • VOLUME 14 / ISSUE 5
COLUMNS 4 Association Perspective
Stay Connected! Diane Scanga
20 The Historian’s Spotlight
A Chief’s Tale FBI NA alumnus Bob Paudert is a longtime veteran of law enforcement who knows both its triumphs and its anguish. Terry Lucas
22 Staying on the Yellow Brick Road
12 FEATURES
12 Doctors on the Line
Telemedicine can offer trauma support for SWAT teams that don’t have physicians available for field ops. Peter A. Pappas, Douglas Muldoon, John Resh
14 Inside the Office for State and Local Law Enforcement
16 Defending Against Small Edged Weapons
You can’t rely on your firearm to save you in a knife fight. Mike “Ziggy” Siegfried
At the Department of Homeland Security, an expansion of capabilities creates an unprecedented level of federal outreach to the law enforcement community. Louis F. Quijas
New Thinking About Fitness Research shows that it may be time to change some of your exercise habits and unlearn some fitness myths. John G. Van Vorst
24 Message from our Chaplain
The 2012 Memorial Service Losing even one of the special officers who have attended the FBI National Academy is a tragedy. Billy Gibson
EACH ISSUE 2 Executive Board 6 Chapter Chat 10 Alliances AD INDEX IFC 2 5 7 11 13 17 19 IBC BC
Quantico Tactical Trident University Justice Federal Credit Union Kaplan University Purdue University of Phoenix Police Magazine Elbeco, Inc. American Military University Taser International
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“Continuing Growth Through Training and Education�
Representative, Section I—Johnnie Adams Support Operations Commander, University of California Los Angeles Police Department (CA) jadams@fbinaa.org
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Representative, Section II—Barry Thomas Captain and Chief Deputy, Story County Sheriff’s Office (IA) bthomas@fbinaa.org
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The Magazine of the FBI National Academy Associates
Representative, Section III— Joey Reynolds Manager, G4S Police Department (NC) jreynolds@fbinaa.org
EXECUTIVE BOARD Association President—Diane Scanga Captain/Academy Director, Director of Public Safety Services, Jefferson College (MO) dscanga@fbinaa.org
Representative, Section IV—Scott Dumas Captain, Rochester Police Department (NH) sdumas@fbinaa.org
Association Past President—Matt Raia Commander (retired), Westminster Police Department (CO) mraia@fbinaa.org
Chaplain—William C. Gibson Director (retired), S.C. Criminal, Justice Academy (SC) wgibson@fbinaa.org
1st Vice President, Section III—Doug Muldoon Chief, Palm Bay Police Department (FL) dmuldoon@fbinaa.org
Historian—Terrence (Terry) Lucas Law Enforcement Coordinator, U.S. Attorne y- Central District (IL) tlucas@fbinaa.org
2nd Vice President, Section IV—Laurie Cahill Detective Lieutenant, Ocean County Sheriff’s Department (NJ) lcahill@fbinaa.org
FBI Unit Chief —Greg Cappetta National Academy Unit (VA) gcappetta@fbiacademy.edu
3rd Vice President–Section I—Joe Gaylord Protective Services Manager, Central Arizona Project (AZ) jgaylord@fbinaa.org
Executive Director–Steve Tidwell FBI NAA, Inc. Executive Office (VA) stidwell@fbinaa.org
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S E P T E M B E R /O C T O B E R 2 0 1 2 VOLUME 14 ★ NUMBER 5
The National Academy Associate is a publication of the FBI National Academy Associates, Inc. Steve Tidwell / Executive Director/Managing Editor Ashley R. Sutton / Communications Manager © Copyright 2012, the FBI National Academy Associates, Inc. Reproduction of any part of this magazine without express written permission is strictly prohibited. The National Academy Associate is published bi-monthly by the FBI National Academy Associates, Inc., National Executive Office, FBI Academy, Quantico, VA 22135; phone: (703) 632-1990, fax: (703) 632-1993. The FBI National Academy Associates, Inc. is a private, non-profit organization and is not part of the Federal Bureau of Investigation or acting on the FBI’s behalf. Editorial submissions should be e-mailed to Ashley Sutton at asutton@fbinaa.org. Submissions may vary in length from 5002000 words, and shall not be submitted simultaneously to other publications. The FBI National Academy Associates, Inc., the Executive Board and the editors of the National Academy Associate neither endorse nor guarantee completeness or accuracy of material used that is obtained from sources considered reliable, nor accept liability resulting from the adoption or use of any methods, procedures, recommendations, or statements recommended or implied. Photographs are obtained from stock for enhancement of editorial content, but do not necessarily represent the editorial content within.
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On The Cover: Tel-Tac Telemedicine can offer real-time trauma support for tactical teams that don’t have physicians available to join them out in the field. PHOTO: iStockphoto.com w w w.f b i n a a.o r g
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ASSOCIATION PERSPECTIVE
DIANE SCANGA
Stay Connected! DEAR FELLOW FBINAA MEMBERS,
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HILE AT THIS YEAR’S spectacular Annual Training Conference hosted by the Texas Chapter, as I walked through the hotel, the conference center, and the evening events, I saw members connecting with session mates, planning session dinners, and building brand-new friendships with members from around the globe. This is what makes the FBI National Academy Associates so unique. No other law enforcement association has that common experience that immediately makes members friends; transcends the unique geographic cultures; overrides rank, seniority, and professional accomplishments; and builds the largest, and the strongest, network in law enforcement. In all this, the common thread is YOU, the member. The Executive Board, the Executive Office staff, and especially the Membership Committee, are always looking for additional membership benefits to add value to your NAA membership. Benefits include discounts on travel, academic opportunities, law enforcement apparel and equipment, just to name a few. But the real value, the benefit that no other Association can offer, is our networking capabilities. The networking relies on our members’ ability to reach out to one another. As a graduate of Session 154, my ability to stay connected after graduation was limited at best. We graduated and returned to our agencies with only snail mail and long-distance telephone charges to stay connected. Personal and professional accomplishments were shared by blurbs in “The Associate” or chance meetings at chapter events. Notifying session mates of changes in contact information took weeks, if it happened at all, and was minimally effective at best. Now, we live in a world that allows us to share information in real time. But, once again, the common thread in all this is YOU, the member. Networking capabilities have been advanced by the hard work and dedication of the NAA Executive Staff. I can think of no administrator who has ever been a part of acquiring and implementing a new IT system who does not cringe when describing the challenges and the “glitches” that come with such a project. The unique demands needed to address the diversity of our chapters and global membership made this acquisition and final implementation even more challenging. The Executive Office never gave up, never believed that the challenges could not be met, and I applaud them all. I believe the Executive Board has done our part, I know the Executive Office Staff has done their part; now it is your turn. The strength of the NAA relies on YOU, the member. YOU, the member, to go to the www.fbinaa.org Website and
update your member profile often. YOU, the member, to use the www.fbinaa.org Website to access the member directory to reach out to the membership when you need that instant recognition and credibility while working a case. YOU, the member, to go to the www.fbinaa.org Website to access the Network FBINAA, the secure social network that includes groups for all the Chapters, many sessions, committees, and unique issues or interest groups. YOU, the member, to download and enjoy the latest networking capability, the new FBINAA Mobile Membership app. To all the technologically inclined members, you know who you are; I have another favor to ask of you. I would ask you to reach out to the members in your agencies and your chapters who may be struggling with reliance on the electronic world. Be that information connection for them, passing along e-mail newsletters and Web page-based information if they do not have the access (or the inclination) to go cyber. Work with these members and the Executive Office Staff to see how you might be a liaison for those members who most likely were your mentors in years past. The Executive Office Staff does a wonderful job of maintaining the paper connection for those several hundred members who aren’t comfortable yet with the cyber world, but this could be a chance for you to give back to those who were an important part of your personal and professional growth. You can be the reason for these people to want to stay involved and active in your Chapter. Chapter events and conferences are always great opportunities to get some quality face time with your friends and fellow session mates—but your ability to stay connected is just a click away. The capabilities are now only limited by you, the member, to use the greatest benefit we have as members of the FBI National Academy Associates—the network now built by 250 sessions—the strongest law enforcement network in the world. Stay involved, stay active, stay connected! ■ F B I N A A Sincerely,
Diane Scanga Diane Scanga, 2012 President
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CHAPTER CHAT The intent of this column is to communicate chapter news. Announcements may include items of interest such as member news, section activities, events, training calendar, special programs, etc. Refer to the editorial submission deadlines, particularly with date-sensitive announcements. Submit chapter news and high-resolution digital jpg or tif photos with captions to: Ashley Sutton, FBINAA, Inc., at asutton@fbinaa.org phone: (302) 644-4744 • fax (302) 644-7764
ARIZONA
HAWAII
★ Over the quiet days of summer the Arizona Chapter hosted another successful Arizona Leadership & Education & Development (ALEAD) session for future youth leaders, as well as a well attended Northern Arizona Luncheon. Yet, now that everyone is back from vacations the chapter is already busy putting together more training and social get-togethers. First stop, Cottonwood for our October Retrainer. Hope to see you there.
★ Charles Fee, Session 81, passed away in California. Charlie was the recipient of the J. Edgar Hoover Award for Scholastic Excellence for his session. He was one of the primary organizers, a charter member, and the first president of the Hawaii Chapter.
★ Congratulations are in order for past president of the Arizona Chapter, Kevin Treadway, for his selection as police chief of the Flagstaff (Ariz.) Police Department. Flagstaff is lucky to have such a good man leading their police department. Good luck, Kevin! ★ Congratulations are also in order for Daniel Garcia who was recently sworn in as the new police chief of the Phoenix Police Department. Daniel comes to Phoenix after a 34-year career with the Dallas Police Department.
CALIFORNIA ★ Jason Goins, Session 248, was recently promoted to the rank of lieutenant with the Merced County (Calif.) Sheriff’s Office.
FLORIDA ★ Dana E. Watson, Session 211, has been appointed the acting chief of police for the Margate (Fla.) Police Department. He is soon expected to be named the permanent chief.
ILLINOIS ★ William Feithen, Session 167, retired from the City of DeKalb (Ill.) Police Department after 37 years of service, the last 11 as chief of police. He took a position as chief of police of the Mammoth (Ill.) Police Department. Deputy Chief Eugene Lowery, Session 197, of the Crystal Lake (Ill.) Police Department was named chief of police of the DeKalb Police Department shortly after Chief Feithen’s retirement. Chief Lowery worked a little over two years at Crystal Lake and prior to that he retired from the McHenry County (Ill.) Sheriff’s Department as undersheriff with over 20 years of service.
Indiana: During the annual meeting, 2011 Chapter President David Vitek, Session 217, presented an NA SIG Sauer Commemorative gun to long-time Chapter Secretary/Treasurer Albert Hauck, Session 152.
★ The Northern Division President Bill Holmer announced that Dane Cuny, Session 203, is the new treasurer for the Northern Division. Dane was division president last year (2011).
INDIANA ★ On Nov. 3, 2011, the Indiana Chapter held its fall business meeting and luncheon, which were graciously hosted by Eli Lilly and Company. During the annual meeting, 2011 Chapter President David Vitek, Session 217, presented an NA Sig Sauer Commemorative gun to long-time Chapter Secretary/Treasurer Albert
Indiana: Ashley Osborne, graduate of Session 14 of the National Academy Youth Leadership Program, shared her experiences with members of the Indiana Chapter during their fall business meeting. Ashley is the daughter of FBI Special Agent Wendy A. Osborne, graduate of Session 246, and CW3 Scott Osborne.
Hauck, Session 152. Lt. Hauck has served as the chapter secretary/treasurer for more years than anyone can remember. His tremendous commitment to the Indiana Chapter was recognized with a standing ovation.
KANSAS/WESTERN MISSOURI
Florida: Three brothers that have graduated from the National Academy were together at the 2012 Daytona Retrainer, along with Bill Hall and Joe Hellebrand standing on either end. The Proctor brothers are Paul, Session 208; Jay, Session 232; and Bill, Session 249. Paul is a lieutenant with the DeLand (Fla.) Police Department, while Jay is a captain and Bill is a lieutenant, both with the Port Orange (Fla.) Police Department.
★ Session #250 began Sunday, July 15, 2012. The following personnel attended Session #250 orientation held June 19 at the Kansas City Division FBI Office. They were welcomed by ASAC Dan Jones, ASAC Shelley Doherty, SA Dave Burlew, and the Chapter Executive Board. Please join us in a warm welcome for: Lt. Kirk Lane, Mission Police Department; Maj. Curt Mansell, Lee’s Summit Police Department; SSA Stephen Rosebrough, Kansas Bureau of Investigation; Lt. Asher Snook, Warrensburg Police Department; Capt. Greg Volker, Kansas City Police Department; and Capt. Dan Ward, Lawrence Police Department.
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CHAPTER CHAT ing the responsibility for the Chapter’s tax and other regulatory filings. He does all this while serving as the principal point of contact for a Chapter. This is a Chapter that has a few dozen training events every year. Our thanks to John for all of his hard work and dedication.
Maryland/Delaware: The Maryland/Delaware Chapter welcomes the graduates of Session 249. Pictured left to right: Capt. Mark Holtzman, Hagerstown Police; Lt. Brian Lepley, Cumberland Police Department; Lt. Kevin Feeney, Newark Police Department; Capt. Steve Lampe, Howard County Police Department; Chief Fred Dolbow, United States Coast Guard.
★ The Kansas-Western Missouri Chapter welcomes SAC Michael Kaste to the Kansas City Division FBI. He was the ASAC of the St. Louis FBI Division. He replaces former SAC Brian Truchon.
MARYLAND/DELAWARE ★ The Maryland/Delaware Chapter’s 37th annual Navy football tailgate will be held on Saturday September 22 for a game versus Virginia Military Academy at the Navy-Marine Corps Stadium in Annapolis. This annual event is always well attended and provides an opportunity to support the Chapter and our troops. This year’s annual Crab Feast will take place on October 5 at the Fisherman’s Crab Deck in Kent Narrows, Md.
NEW ENGLAND ★ Newport Rhode Island, the City by the Sea, was the site of the New England Chapter’s Annual Re-trainer the week of June 25. Attendees took advantage of terrifi c training including a daylong session on resiliency in the law enforcement profession conducted by retired SSA Samuel Feemster. Many of you will remember Sam from your National Academy days, as he developed and instructed the “Spirituality, Wellness, and Vitality Issues in Law Enforcement Practices” course. Attendees and guests experienced a beautiful week of New England weather highlighted by a dinner cruise on Narragansett Bay. Special recognition was given during the gala banquet to those members in attendance who had been active with the FBINAA for 25 years or more, including Chief (ret.) Donald Homen, a graduate of Session 76. ★ Congratulations to our many members who have recently been promoted, including several who have become chiefs of their agencies. Deputy Chief Michael Allen, Session 188 and
Past President of our chapter, promoted to Chief of the Rochester (N.H.) PD; Capt. Scott Dumas, Session 226 and Section IV Rep, promoted to Deputy Chief of the Rochester (N.H.) PD, Maj. Richard Ramsay, Session 229, retired from the West Warwick (R.I.) PD and now the chief of the West Greenwich RI PD, and Lt. James McIntyre, Session 238, promoted to chief of the Stoneham (Mass.) PD.
★ YLP Graduate Colm Smith, grandson of retired NYPD inspector Francis Smith, Session 157, graduated from Xavier High School in 2012 as the top performer on his high school team, racing on the cross country and track and field team. He also joined Riverfront Recapture Inc., helping them achieve their first ever appearance at USRowing’s Youth National Championship in Oak Ridge, Tenn., in early June. He was part of a five-person boat that captured third in the Grand Final at the recent Northeast Junior Regional Championship in Worcester, Mass. Not only was Colm granted early acceptance to the prestigious Columbia University, but he has been recently selected as one of 10 to be part of the Columbia lightweight rowing program for the 2012-2013 season.
NORTHWEST ★ Chief Scott Johnson, Session 173, retired from the Apple Valley (Minn.) Police Department in December 2011. John Rechtzigel,
★ Thank you to the Verizon/Wireless FBINAA Fallen Officer Fund for providing help to the families of four law enforcement officers from the New England Chapter area who were killed in the line of duty during 2012. National Academy graduates in each of their departments were able to present a check from the fund to the families of those officers.
NEW YORK/EASTERN CANADA ★ On August 13, 2012, a plaque was presented to NYSEC Secretary Treasurer John J. Coleman in recognition of his service to the Chapter. John was a Counselor in Session 123 in 1980. A veteran Supervising Special Agent, John served for over 40 years in the FBI. His final career assignment was to run the Training Unit in the FBI’s New York Office, cycling him back to daily contact with his many friends and professional colleagues in the National Academy. A native New Yorker, John has over the many years been a fixture at National Academy events, although usually working at those sessions. His chili is perhaps world famous and a standard item at most of those occasions. He has also been the culinary heart at the annual Bart Hose Award BBQ “On the Beach” in Westhampton, serving up steak and other victuals. Since 2005, John has had the often thankless job of Secretary Treasurer, managing all membership matters for over 1,200 associates, handling the Chapter’s finances, and shoulder-
New York/Eastern Canada: YLP graduate Colm Smith (center), grandson of retired NYPD inspector Francis Smith, Session 157, was granted early acceptance to Columbia University and selected as one of 10 to be part of the Columbia lightweight rowing program for the 2012-2013 season.
New York/Eastern Canada: On August 13, 2012, a plaque was presented to NYSEC Secretary Treasurer John J. Coleman in recognition of his service to the Chapter.
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Session 227, was promoted to chief of police on July 17, 2012 for the Apple Valley Police Department. ★ The St. Cloud (Minn.) Police Department hired Blair Anderson, Session 232, as its new chief of police on August 27. ★ Chief Gary Kalstabakken, Session 184, retired from the Rosement (Minn.) Police Department on May 31. ★ Chief Dan Vujovich, Session 159, retired from the South St. Paul (Minn.) Police Department on July 17 after 33 years of service.
Western Pennsylvania: Retired Northern Regional Police Chief Richard R. Baer was honored recently by the FBINAA Western Pennsylvania Chapter. He is pictured here (center, standing, in blue/gold shirt and glasses) with the Chapter officers and members at the annual Wild Game Roast held Feb 10, 2012.
★ Lt. Jay Henthorne, Session 245, of the Richfield (Minn.) Police Department was promoted to deputy chief of police effective July 24.
degree from Boston University and a graduate certificate from the University of Virginia. She is married to Oregon State Police Sgt. Jeff Allison and the couple have two young daughters.
OREGON ★ Kris Allison, Session 247, was recently appointed chief of the Central Point (Ore.) Police Department. Allison has a criminal justice degree from Southern Oregon University and is an adjunct instructor at SOU in the Criminal Justice Department. She also has a Master’s
WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA ★ Retired Northern Regional Police Chief Richard R. Baer was honored recently by the FBINAA Western Pennsylvania Chapter. Chief Baer attended the National Academy in 1969. He solicited the National Office for the forma-
tion of the Western Pennsylvania Chapter, making Pennsylvania the only state with two chapters. He organized the very first Wild Game dinner in 1970. He also organized the Chapter’s first Steak Fry in 1971. These are the chapter’s two largest attended events. Chief Baer held positions on the Chapter’s Executive Board and was Past President and has been named President Emeritus. At this year’s event, the Chapter named its annual scholarship program the “Richard R. Baer College Scholarship.” ■ F B I N A A
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The Purdue Pharma Law Enforcement Liaison and Education Unit, which is staffed by retired law enforcement officials, provides FREE educational materials, as well as drug identification cards and placebos for “reverse-sting” undercover operations. Training – Topics include preventing and investigating prescription drug diversion; scams against physicians; pharmacy scams; investigating criminal prescribers; and pain topics and definitions related to the use of opioids for the treatment of pain. Placebos – Identical to real controlled substances manufactured by Purdue Pharma, but contain no controlled substances. Their use is restricted to criminal investigations.
Anti-Crime Program – RxPATROL® (Rx Pattern Analysis Tracking Robberies and Other Losses) is designed to assist law enforcement efforts to apprehend and prosecute pharmacy robbers and scammers, as well as to help protect pharmacies. Using a Web-based program, RxPATROL collects, collates, and analyzes information from pharmacy theft reports across the U.S. The RxPATROL Web site—www.rxpatrol.org—has links to the National Association of Drug Diversion Investigators and to the National Community Pharmacists’ Association.
Educational Materials – Drug ID cards with full-color, actual-size photographs of the most For more information, contact John Gilbride, commonly abused prescription Director of the Law Enforcement Liaison and Education Unit, at 203-588-7220 drugs, according to the National Association of Drug Diversion Purdue Pharma L.P. One Stamford Forum, Stamford, CT 06901-3431 Investigators. Educational brochures &AX s % MAIL LEPrograms@pharma.com on preventing prescription drug abuse for law enforcement officers to distribute to pharmacies, physicians, and hospitals, which include how to spot and deal with scammers. © 2012, Purdue Pharma L.P.
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All of these programs are provided at no cost. We do not promote any company’s products. Our sole objective is to provide information that supports law enforcement to help keep prescription drugs out of the hands of criminals in order to ensure that these drugs are available for patients with real medical needs.
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DOCTORS ON THE LINE Telemedicine can offer trauma support for SWAT teams that don’t
have physicians available for field ops. ★ Peter A. Pappas, Douglas Muldoon, John Resh
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wo years ago trauma surgeon Dr. Peter Pappas and Chief Douglas Muldoon of the Palm Bay (Fla.) Police Department met during a local Police Chiefs Association dinner where the emerging technology of telemedicine was being discussed. The potential of telemedicine to connect law enforcement field personnel to medical expertise at the click of a button was of great interest to both the Palm Bay PD and the nearby Trauma Center at Holmes Regional Medical Center where Pappas works. From that meeting, the two men forged a partnership to investigate the feasibility of SWAT tactical telemedicine, “Tac-Tel.” The concept is to have a trauma center medical team available to SWAT as needed via teleconferencing software.
tactical telemedicine was born. The idea is to leverage available technologies to provide immediate and on-demand trauma center expertise to tactical teams. The trauma center, in turn, receives real-time information on a patient’s status in order to better triage multiple casualties, coordinate medical evacuation, and prepare for patient resuscitation on arrival to the center.
Practical Exercise Last May the Trauma Center at Holmes Regional, in coordination with the Palm Bay PD, put the Tac-Tel idea to the test. During a SWAT training exercise, a se-
Pappas and Muldoon believe this can greatly benefit officer safety by providing immediate access to trauma expertise in the event of an officer being injured. The system can also provide real-time “right from the source” audio and visual information to the trauma center that would be far superior to any radio transmission for information on patient status and injuries. At its root, telemedicine is videoconferencing for medical purposes. A dream of visionaries for decades, the growth of the Internet and wireless technology in the 1990s finally made medical videoconferencing possible on a major scale. Today, with advances in broadband Internet, high-definition video and audio, and the transformation in computing catalyzed by smartphone and tablet technology, telemedicine is poised to play an ever greater role in healthcare.
Tac-Tel Since 2009, the Trauma Center at Holmes Regional Medical center has been an active participant in Florida’s Trauma Telemedicine Network (FTTN). Based at the University of Miami/Ryder Trauma Center, the program seeks to develop a secure teleconferencing network for Florida’s trauma centers and beyond. The plan is to activate the network on a regional and statewide level for disaster management, education, and medical consultation. Out of the Florida Trauma Telemedicine Network, the notion of “Tac-Tel” or
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Immediate Access
ty and low-profile nature of the technology as well as the added support the technology provides in the field. For the trauma team at Holmes Regional, the ability to gain real-time information from the scene of the event provided an opportunity to not only assist in rendering aid, but also to gain valuable information on patient status and the circumstances of injury. Trauma surgeons and their teams plan care around the time-honored principle of the “golden hour.” Actions taken and decisions made within the first 60 minutes after traumatic injury have long been held to be crucial to obtaining the best possible outcome for a patient’s recovery. The Tac-Tel technology is a way to squeeze every second out of that golden hour. At the 2011 IACP Conference in Chicago, a presentation was made on this topic by Dr. Pappas and Chief Muldoon with Captain John Resh connected via teleconferencing back in Palm Bay. The presentation highlighted how simple the process is and how it provides an extremely viable solution to law enforcement in the event of an injury. This is a first step toward a new concept for emergency services communication. Using existing communications infrastructure and “off-the-shelf” equipment and software, the opportunities for telemedicine to connect medical centers and first responders in their communities are real and growing. As the technology becomes more widely available and inexpensive, the stage is set for a generational change in communications on par with the advent of CB radio in the 20th century. The authors wish to thank Mr. James Kendig of the Joint Commission for his contribution to this project and to dedicate this article to the memory of Dr. Jeffrey Augenstein of the University of Miami/Ryder Trauma Center for his pioneering efforts in trauma, combat casualty care, and telemedicine. ■ F B I N A A
cure teleconferencing link was deployed to connect the tactical team directly to the trauma center. For the exercise scenario, teleconferencing software was loaded onto a department-issued laptop and connected by wireless Internet to the trauma center. Using the software, the team medic was able to communicate directly with the trauma surgeon. With the trauma center available by teleconferencing as needed, the tactical team practiced a number of scenarios involving serious injury to both civilians and officers. These included gunshot wound to the torso with shock, head injury with loss of consciousness, and gunshot to the extremity requiring application of a tourniquet to stem bleeding. Perhaps the most useful application for telemedicine technology in a drill environment was providing immediate education to the team on aspects of field casualty care. Tourniquet application, spine stabilization, techniques for breathing assistance, and casualty extraction and evacuation were all assessed in real time by the medical professionals at the trauma center as the team proceeded through the various exercise scenarios. Officers were pleased with the simplici-
Dr. Peter A. Pappas, M.D. FACS is a trauma surgeon with the Trauma Center at Holmes Regional Medical Center. Chief Douglas Muldoon began his career with the Palm Bay (Fla.) Police Department in 1976 and was appointed chief in 2011. Capt. John Resh is an active member and the administrative Commander of the Palm Bay (Fla) PD SWAT team.
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Inside the Office for State and Local Law Enforcement
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At the Department of Homeland Security, an expansion of capabilities creates an unprecedented level of federal outreach to the law enforcement community. LOUIS F. QUIJAS
IN THE WAKE OF 9/11, I was appointed by FBI Director Robert S. Mueller III to oversee the Bureau’s newly created Office of Law Enforcement Coordination (OLEC). The goal was to create an outward-facing office that provided coordination and partnership with state, local, and tribal law enforcement. I had the privilege to serve in that position until 2008 when I left government service after a wonderful 36-year career in law enforcement. Last July I returned to federal service in a new, but familiar role, as assistant secretary for the Department of Homeland Security’s Office for State and Local Law Enforcement (OSLLE). Created by Congress in 2007 on the recommendation of the 9/11 Commission, the OSLLE leads the coordination of DHSwide policies relating to state, local, and tribal law enforcement’s role in preventing acts of terrorism and serves as the primary liaison between DHS and non-federal law enforcement agencies nationwide. My office works every day with other DHS components to get information out of Washington, D.C., and into the hands of our non-federal law enforcement partners. Our state, local, and tribal partners are kept informed about DHS-wide initiatives such as “If You See Something, Say Something,” the Blue Campaign, the Nationwide Suspicious Activity Reporting (SAR) Initiative (NSI), and DHS efforts in countering violent extremism. Whether we are expanding the distribution of timely and actionable information related to operations and intelligence or educating state and local law enforcement on the programs and initiatives of DHS, we are tirelessly working on behalf of our partners to keep them updated and informed with the in-
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formation they need to keep America and Americans safe. The OSLLE also serves as the advocate and voice for the non-federal law enforcement community. We are responsible for ensuring that DHS leadership is aware of and considers the issues, concerns, and requirements of state, local, and tribal law enforcement during budget, grant, and policy development processes. As I stated in my oral testimony to the Committee on Homeland Security, Subcommittee on Counterterrorism and Intelligence in February, I believe this was the intention of Congress when it named my office the Office for State and Local Law Enforcement. In addition to sharing information, my office is committed to proactively identifying and responding to the challenges facing the law enforcement community. For example, we are working with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to ensure that our partners are informed about and prepared to participate in the National Preparedness Grant Program, which takes effect in fiscal 2013. We are also working to find ways for our non-federal law enforcement partners to manage the current economic environment. For example, as a former police chief, I know firsthand that training is usually the first casualty of tighter budgets. assist our partners Collaboration with our law To in identifying options enforcement partners is to meet their current important to DHS efforts and future training reto improve information quirements, my office sharing and enhance our arranged for the leadnation’s ability to identify, ership of the major law enforcement associamitigate, and respond to tions to visit and tour emerging threats. the DHS Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC) in Glynco, Georgia this past May. This visit allowed Connie Patrick, the director of FLETC, and her team to brief the attendees on the resources, capabilities, and training programs her state-of-theart training facilities have to offer. We continue to ask state, local, and tribal law enforcement to remain vigilant and to protect our communities from all threats, whether terrorism or other criminal activities. My office has reaffirmed its commitment to serving the needs of the non-federal law enforcement community by expanding over the last few months. Having added five new team members and creating four new divisions, we now offer state, local, and tribal law enforcement unprecedented access to DHS programs and initiatives, homeland security information, and guidance on training and grant opportunities. Collaboration with our law enforcement partners is important to DHS efforts to improve information sharing and enhance our nation’s ability to identify, mitigate, and respond to emerging threats. I believe that we have made significant progress over the past year, and we are now in a better position than ever before to accomplish our mission. As the OSLLE grows and evolves, we will continue our proactive outreach efforts by attending important law enforcement gatherings, training conferences, and meetings to stay abreast of the issues and concerns of the law enforcement community. ■ F B I N A A Louis F. Quijas serves as assistant secretary of the Office for State and Local Law Enforcement, Department of Homeland Security. He is a graduate of National Academy Session 168.
Louis F. Quijas L
ast July Louis F. Quijas was appointed to the Department of Homeland Security as assistant secretary for the Office for State and Local Law Enforcement (OSLLE). In this position, Quijas serves as the principal department-wide liaison with state, local, and tribal law enforcement, ensuring that both relevant information and policy development are coordinated with our non-federal law enforcement partners. Before accepting his current position with DHS, Quijas served as president of the North American Operations of Datong Electronics. Before joining Datong he enjoyed a distinguished 36-year career in federal and local law enforcement, where he held a number of senior positions. Quijas previously served as an FBI assistant director. In that position, he supervised the efforts of the newly created Office of Law Enforcement Coordination. Prior to his appointment to the FBI, Quijas was chief of the High Point (N.C.) Police Department. He retired from the Kansas City (Mo.) Police Department after 25 years of service. Quijas has been an active member in his profession and has served on several national boards, including terms as president of the National Latino Peace Officers Association, a board member of the Hispanic American Police Command Officers Association, an executive committee member of the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP), and a member of IACP’s Civil Rights Committee. Quijas has received many awards. In October 2002, he was named one of the top 100 influential Hispanics in the United States by Hispanic Business magazine. He is the recipient of the Hispanic American Police Command Officers Association 2003 Gil Pompa Special Recognition Award, the National Sheriffs’ Association 2004 President’s Award, and the FBI National Academy Association’s 2005 President’s Award. Quijas was presented the U.S. Secret Service Director’s Award in 2008 for his contribution to the law enforcement profession. Quijas holds a bachelor of science degree in criminal justice administration and a master’s degree in public affairs. He is a graduate of the FBI National Academy, the Senior Management Institute for Police, the Senior Leadership Program at the Northwestern University Kellogg School of Management, the FBI’s National Executive Institute, and the Senior Executives in State and Local Government Program John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. w w w.f b i n a a.o r g
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DEFENDING
AGAINST SMALL EDGED WEAPONS MIKE “ZIGGY” SIEGFRIED
You can’t rely on your firearm to save you in a knife fight.
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ver the past few years, I have trained thousands of cops. One thing I have noticed is that most of them have received little or no training in how to defend against edged weapons. One of the reasons for this could be an over-reliance on the use of firearms. The axiom is true: “Never bring a knife to a gun fight.” And training exercises like Dennis Tueller’s groundbreaking 21-foot drill reinforce this mindset. But this thinking has critical flaws. What if you don’t see the knife? Or what if you do not have time to accurately shoot your firearm before you are cut? In many cases, the victims of stabbings never knew the knives were in play. Their first indication that something was wrong was when they saw blood. And that’s often too late. When adrenaline is flowing, some people don’t even realize they have been cut. This is complicated by the fact that small edged weapons are harder to see—especially at night. Remember, weapons like razor blades can be deadly. It has been widely reported that the 9/11 hijackers used box cutters—basically razor blades with handles—to threaten the passengers on the planes; they are terrifying weapons. I remember one of my knifefighting instructors saying, “Most cops do not have enough respect for the blade. When a bullet is fired, the bullet decides how big the hole is. When someone cuts you, they decide how big the hole is.” As a police officer, you may now have more reason to take these words to heart. With federal, state, and local budgets getting slashed across the country, many jails and prisons are being forced to release inmates early. Many of the criminals being released have learned
to use small edged weapons in prison. In correctional facilities, inmates often attack each other and sometimes custodial staff with razor blades. Some of these inmates are very skilled at using these blades to slice and kill.
Watch for Blades With small blades without a handle, the suspect will usually hold the blade between the thumb and index finger using a standard grip.
If the suspect wants a greater element of surprise, she may grip the blade with a scalpel grip, which is very difficult to detect and easy to use.
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ob one is to not get cut and to stop the attack. To do this you need to know that the weapon is in play; you cannot defend against threats you do not see. Watch a suspect’s hands and recognize when they are accessing a weapon. Under most circumstances, the suspect moves his thumb and index finger to the center of his body and the elbow moves away from the center of his body. Officers can use this information to anticipate when the suspect is accessing a weapon and respond accordingly. There are other signs you can look for, too. With small blades without a handle, the suspect will usually hold the blade between the thumb and index finger using a standard grip. If the suspect wants a greater element of surprise, she may grip the blade with a scalpel grip, which is very difficult to detect and easy to use. It can be used to hide small and large blades. With this in mind, it is generally a good idea to have the suspect spread his fingers apart before you get close to him.
V
Deal with the Blade
I Suspects may use a scalpel grip to hide small and large blades. With this in mind, it is generally a good idea to have the suspect spread his fingers apart before you get close to him.
f you are aware or lucky enough to realize a
blade is in play, you have to react quickly. It takes the average officer two to three seconds to draw a firearm and fire. How many times do you think a skilled blade fighter could cut you in that time? I personally don’t want to find out. Your greatest chance for success is to draw
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DEFENDING
AGAINST SMALL EDGED WEAPONS
1
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your firearm and deal with If you are unable to block, another option is to pass the blade. Passing involves going with the blade simultaneously. If the suspect’s arm momentum and pushing his you draw your firearm witharm across his body. The officer’s goal is to out dealing with the blade, the glue himself to the suspect’s arm. Some blade instructors call this cohesion or sticky hands. assailant will most likely have Secondly, the officer moves his body away from time to cut you more than once. the threat. You don’t want that to happen. Getting cut is damaging not just physically but psychologiwrist are too exposed and eascally. No one likes to see their ier to cut. As you are blocking, own blood spilled. Another asdraw and fire your gun until pect of injury during a knife the threat has stopped. attack is shock. Symptoms include confusion, low blood presPassing the Blade sure, dizziness, rapid breathf you are unable to block, aning, unconsciousness, and in other option is to pass the 3 extreme cases, death. blade. Passing involves going There’s another reason not with the suspect’s arm moto depend on your firearm in this situa- Blocking the Blade mentum and pushing her arm across tion. Getting your gun out is not enough block uses strong force, generally with her body. This technique differs from the to stop someone with a knife; you also the outer forearm to keep the blade block in two ways. First, the officer keeps have to get accurate shots off. Then you away from the defender. When blocking, contact with the suspect’s arm by using have to hope those shots will stop the as- keep pressure on the suspect’s arm. This arm and body pressure to keep the blade sault. In 2006, the FBI produced the re- will make it harder for him to press the from returning at him. The officer’s goal search summary “Violent Encounters: A attack. Use the outside of your forearm is to glue himself to the suspect’s arm. Study of Felonious Assaults on Our Na- to block. The veins on the bottom of the Some blade instructors call this cohesion tion’s Law Enforcement Officers.” or sticky hands. Secondly, the offiAccording to the report, officers cer moves his body away from the only had a 40 percent hit rate when threat (Photos 1, 2, and 3). shooting at a suspect in deadly force encounters. Again, don’t just draw Trapping the Blade your firearm; deal with the blade. hen you have no room to move, It is important to remember you may need to trap the when dealing with blade attacks blade. This is the riskiest option. If that there is a strong possibility you decide you must trap the blade, your assailant will cut you. The one of the best options is to wrap trick is not to get cut in the wrong your arm over the top of the susplace. Knife fighters have a saying pect’s arm (photo 4). Wrestlers and that when two good blade fightmixed martial artists commonly ers meet, the winner goes to the refer to this technique as an “over4 hospital and the loser goes to the hook.” When using the overhook to morgue. Don’t be the latter. When defend against a blade, it is imperWhen you have no room to move, you may need to trap the blade. This is the riskiest option. If you decide you must trap the you are confronted with a blade, ative that you grab the suspect’s blade, one of the best options is to wrap your arm over the top you have three options: block it, tricep muscle to limit his ability to of the suspect’s arm. pass it, or trap it. continue attacking your body with
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the blade. You must also pull the elbow of his arm that is overhooking to your ribs. This will additionally limit the mobility of the suspectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s blade. As with the other techniques, you should draw your gun while you are defending against the blade.
In all knife defense techniques, you should draw your gun while you are defending against the blade.
Donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t Underreact
R
emember that being attacked by a knife is a deadly force encounter. Unless you are in surgery or at the barber shop, persons that invade your personal safety zone with sharp weapons probably donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have your best interests in mind. The 1985 Supreme Court decision Tennessee v. Garner is the cornerstone case on police use of deadly force. That case makes it clear that officers have the right to use deadly force to protect themselves and others when faced with a threat of great bodily injury or death. Unfortunately, some officers are confused as to when they are legally and morally obligated to use deadly force.
No one wants an officer to overreact or to use excessive force. But underreacting can also have consequences: It can get an officer killed.
Get the Training
C
oming home in a safe condition is your responsibility. If your agency does not provide blade defense training, use your own time and money to educate yourself. I have heard too many cops
say, â&#x20AC;&#x153;If the department wanted me to know it, they would have taught it to me and paid me to sit through the training.â&#x20AC;? The suspect that wants to cut you doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t care. You donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t want to wake up in a hospital disfigured or not wake up at all. There are numerous books and videos on blade defense. Get some. Or better yet, find a good trainer and practice. Defending against small blades can be extremely difficult, but if you take the time to practice, the techniques you learn can save your life. Find out what works for you and get proficient. Be safe and donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t get cut. â&#x2013; F B I N A A Mike â&#x20AC;&#x153;Ziggyâ&#x20AC;? Siegfried is a detective, instructor, and use-of-force expert with the San Bernardino County (Calif.) Sheriffâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Department. He teaches courses in blade defense.
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THE HISTORIAN’S SPOTLIGHT
TERRY LUCAS
A Chief ’s Tale FBI NA ALUMNUS BOB PAUDERT IS A LONGTIME VETERAN OF LAW ENFORCEMENT WHO KNOWS BOTH ITS TRIUMPHS AND ITS ANGUISH.
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OBERT “BOB” PAUDERT began his law Enforcement career with the Shelby County (Tenn.) Sheriff’s Department back in 1966 when he was 21 years old. He started as a jailer but after six months was assigned to the patrol division where he served for almost six years. Paudert served the people of Shelby County for 25 years, retiring in 1990 as the assistant chief of the sheriff’s department. During his career with the sheriff’s department, Paudert worked a variety of plainclothes and uniform assignments, even serving in the aviation unit and becoming a flight instructor. In 1982 Paudert attended the FBI National Academy with Session 129. He says he has never forgotten the memories of his time at the Academy and the friendships he developed. He adds that the top-notch training received and the sense of professionalism instilled at the Academy have benefitted him immeasurably in his law enforcement career.
CLEANING UP Paudert was appointed chief of the Bartlett (Tenn.) Police Department in 1991. Bartlett, a Memphis suburb, has a population of approximately 50,000 that is served by 90 officers. After four years in Bartlett, Paudert joined the staff of the Mid-States Organized Crime Information Center in Springfield, Mo. There he supervised the intelligence analysts and technicians at the center. But Paudert’s reputation as a professional, competent, and honest law enforcement administrator remained strong in the Memphis area. That’s why Mayor Bill Johnson of West Mem-
phis, Ark., tracked down Paudert and offered him the job when he had an opening for a chief of police. The West Memphis PD had some serious problems when Paudert took the job. He quickly came to suspect that some of the department’s officers were stealing. He also realized that the department was not respected by the community because of a public impression that it was corrupt and also operated with a “good ol’ boy” policy that showed favoritism to certain people. Paudert had always worked with the FBI and soon realized the Bureau would be a great asset in removing the corrupt officers and improving the image of the department. Subsequently all members of the Department were advised to change their ways and eliminate corruption because the FBI was going to be coming in to conduct an investigation. Paudert says that some officers in the department were shocked by his actions. They felt since there were no complaints from the public, they must be doing OK, as they were “only taking money from drug dealers” and not asking the public to increase their salaries or benefits. The subsequent investigation by the FBI resulted in numerous arrests of not only some West Memphis officers but also Crittenden County sheriff’s deputies.
OFFICERS DOWN Life went much better for Paudert and his family after his department was cleaned up. Then came the morning of May 20, 2010. On that morning Chief Paudert met with his son, Sgt. Brandon Paudert of the West Memphis PD, at approximately 9:30
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Bob Paudert knows how dangerious traffic stops can be. He left his position as chief to educate the law enforcement community about the dangers of sovereign citizens like those who killed his son, Sgt. Brandon Paudert.
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AM. At the meeting the chief incitizen-type groups or other doformed his son that he and his mestic extremists. wife of 44 years, Linda, were goThese meetings resulted in ing out of town for an extended an increased awareness at the weekend, in order to allow Linda federal, state, local, and tribal to recover from some recent surlevel concerning sovereign citigery and a triple by-pass. That zens. The improved information was the last meeting he had with sharing provides local Joint Terhis son. rorism Task Forces (JTTF) with Chief Paudert and his wife greater visibility on the threat were on their way out of town picture in their various areas of when they heard that his officers responsibility. were involved in a shooting and Supervising Special Agent some were killed. Larry Karl of the FBI’s SpringPaudert reacted as both a chief field (Ill.) Division says that now and a father. He rushed to the when federal, state, local, or scene so quickly that he drove tribal officers query a subject in Bob Paudert, flanked by U.S. Attorney Jim Lewis and Terry Lucas, the wrong way up an exit ramp NCIC, they will be notified imspoke at the Ill. Drug Enforcement Officers Association conference. on I-40 to get to the scene faster. mediately if the subject is in the The Pauderts arrived at the Known or Suspected Terrorism scene in one of the first responding cars. The chief knew that File (KST). The inquiring officer will also receive instructions some of his officers had just been killed in the line of duty; to contact the Terrorist Screening Center (TSC.) The TSC nowhat he didn’t know was that his son was one of those officers. tifies the originating agency/case agent regarding the law enPaudert exited his car and rushed to the downed officers. forcement contact with the KST subject. Depending on the staThe first body that he came to was his son. “My passion for law tus of the investigation, the case agent may contact the officer. enforcement and love of life evaporated,” he says, “And I knew The criteria for inclusion in the KST file are consistent with my life would never be the the criteria from the time same.” of Sgt. Paudert’s and OfSubsequent investigaficers Evans’s deaths. But tion revealed that Sgt. the FBI has increased Brandon Paudert and his the information provided partner Officer Bill Evans to law enforcement about were shot and killed at the criminal trends and approximately 11:30 AM. tactics being employed by The murderers were Jersovereign citizens nationry Kane and Joe Kane, a wide. This is a safety tool father and son team of self-declared “sovereign citizens.” The for officers. (Here are links to the TSC main Website and their Kanes were killed later that day in a shootout with local law frequently asked questions: TSC-http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/ enforcement. nsb/tsc and TSC-FAQ-http://www.fbi.gov.about-us/nsb/tsc/tsc At the scene of the second shootout information came to faqs.) light about the FBI having previous knowledge of the Kanes’ Paudert resigned his West Memphis post last August. On involvement in the “sovereign citizen” movement and their Sep. 1 he began an almost non-stop series of road trips across statements about being ready to kill and die for their beliefs. the country making public appearances and educating the law Unfortunately that information was not available to Sgt. Paud- enforcement community about the sovereign citizen groups ert and Officer Evans. and the danger they present to officers. Paudert also works closely with FBI offices around the naSPEAKING OUT tion and has developed a mutual respect relationship with the Chief Paudert made several trips to Washington, D.C., at the FBI as a whole. He still “tells it like it is” and will continue to request of Department of Justice officials in the period imme- spread his message and his desire to make law enforcement ofdiately following the murder of his son. He says his first “in- ficers more safe. ■ F B I N A A vited trip” cost him almost $3,000, so he wasn’t sure he wanted to go back for any more “invitations.” He did go back, however, Terry Lucas, NA Session 182, serves as the FBI NAA national and met with senior officials of the FBI. At the meetings Chief historian. If you are aware of any outstanding National AcadPaudert’s concerns were raised about the lack of information emy graduates in your area, please contact him at terrence. provided to local officers on subjects involved with sovereign lucas@usdoj.gov or lucases@comcast.net
Paudert had always worked with the FBI and soon realized the Bureau would be a great asset in removing the corrupt officers and improving the image of his department.
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STAYING ON THE YELLOW BRICK ROAD
J OHN G . VAN V OR S T
New Thinking About Fitness RESEARCH SHOWS THAT IT MAY BE TIME TO CHANGE SOME OF YOUR EXERCISE HABITS AND UNLEARN SOME FITNESS MYTHS.
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VERY YEAR the nation’s most prominent exercise physiologists and allied health professionals gather at the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) Annual Meeting and present the latest research regarding health and human performance. I had the opportunity to attend this year’s conference and sit in on numerous sessions relevant to physical fitness training for law enforcement officers. Here’s a look at some key presentations from the conference and how they may change the way we think about law enforcement fitness.
A RISE IN RHABDO Exertional Rhabdomyolysis (Rhabdo) and Extreme Conditioning Programs: Rhabdo is a serious (potentially fatal) medical condition that arises when the contents of muscle cells are released into the circulation. Characterized by severe muscle
pain, dark-colored urine, and elevated enzyme levels, the condition can trigger kidney failure and sudden death. Dr. Francis O’Connor from the Uniformed Services University (champ.usuhs.mil) indicated the military is seeing an “epidemic” of Rhabdo, with a spike in clinic visits and hospitalizations. Rhabdo can be caused by excessive and unaccustomed heavy exercise, a hallmark of many popular extreme conditioning programs that often lack sensible exercise progressions and proper emphasis on first building a solid fitness foundation. The evidence also suggests that direct muscle injury occurs to the fast-twitch muscle fibers, which are used preferentially during ballistic weight training and plyometrics. Popular dietary supplements, specifically pre-workout energy boosters, were mentioned as a contributing factor for the spike in Rhabdo. It’s speculated that the combination of stimu-
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lants, amino acids, herbs, and botanicals in some supplements allow hard-chargers to bypass the body’s central governor and train beyond the normal stopping point. The Food and Drug Administration recently issued a warning letter to 10 manufacturers or distributors of dietary supplements containing DMAA, a “natural stimulant” that has not been proven to be safe for consumption. If you are throwing back supplements named “Hemo Rage Black,” “Jack3d,” “Napalm,” or something similar, re-evaluate and start checking those labels. A great resource for health and fitness information can be found at the Human Performance Resource Center (hprc-online.org). Remember, one workout can’t make you, but it can break you.
BARE FEET ON THE ROAD
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Should Runners Shed Their Shoes? Dr. Irene Davis from the Spaulding National Running Center at Harvard Medical School outlined numerous reasons why avid runners may want to ditch their shoes. Of the 20 million Americans that run, nearly 80% of those wearing conventional running shoes will become injured. Running barefoot may increase your dynamic stability and allow you to interact with the ground better. If you run with bare feet, you’ll most likely land on the forefoot or mid-foot, which reduces the impact observed during heel-striking. The most compelling reason is that we are naturally equipped to do it, provided that we have a safe environment for it. Dr. Davis suggests that if you are healthy enough to run with shoes, then you are healthy enough to run barefoot. One quick test of your readiness is the ability to perform 30 singleleg heel raises. I wonder how many of the runners out there are actually healthy enough to be running. If you are considering making the switch, be sure to transition carefully and check out the training tips and a sample transition program at spauldingrehab.org. I emphasize the word “carefully” because not everyone believes we should toss out our running shoes. Dr. Kevin Kirby, a podiatrist and former competitive distance runner, has seen a surge in the number of metatarsal stress fractures in the barefoot running community. He also points out that minimalist footwear (“racing flats”) and bare-
foot running drills have been used by competitive athletes for decades to prevent injury and boost performance. The bottom line is that runners should find a safe environment and do at least some barefoot training.
CHANGING GUIDELINES Integrating High-Intensity Exercise Research into the Physical Activity Guidelines: It’s been well established that regular 30-minute bouts of moderate-intensity exercise (equivalent to brisk walking) will improve the fitness of untrained individuals. Furthermore, three 20-minute bouts of vigorous exercise (equivalent to jogging) each week will provide additional fitness improvements. More recently, research has confirmed that high-intensity interval exercise, (HIIE) shorter bursts of unsustainable exercise levels interspersed with active rest, yield even greater improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness. But what if your primary goal is to reduce your waistline and lose body fat? How many of you would still opt for long bouts of moderate-intensity activity to stay in the “fat burning zone?” Those of you who choose this option, may be choosing wrong. Sample HIIE Protocols for Fat Loss Work Interval
Work Intensity
Recovery Interval
Recovery Intensity
20 minutes
0:08
90% HR max
0:12
50% HR max
28 minutes
4:00
90% HR max
3:00
50% HR max
Duration
More and more evidence shows that HIIE is superior for reducing abdominal obesity, what infomercials refer to as “stubborn belly fat.” More importantly, HIIE has been shown to increase lean body mass in untrained subjects, a significant advantage that you won’t get with exercising low and slow. The table above outlines two different HIIE protocols from the literature that should replace a couple of your 30-minute moderate-intensity sweat sessions. The first workout is actually 60 short bursts or sprints lasting eight seconds immediately followed by 12 seconds of recovery. The key is to find a workload that if sustained would take your heart rate to approximately 90% of maximum. To estimate your maximum heart rate, subtract your age in years from 220. If you don’t want to mess with measuring your heart rate, make your work interval an 8 or 9 on a scale of 1 to 10. If you are reading this article, you are currently at a 1. It’s important to remember that when it comes to HIIE, you want “maximum disruption with minimal disturbance.” The goal is to disrupt your body’s energy systems without causing undue stress to the soft tissues. Most of the research supporting HIIE is performed on a bicycle, not running (on pavement with bare feet). ■ F B I N A A John G. Van Vorst is a health and fitness instructor within the Physical Training Unit at the FBI Academy. He also serves as a defensive tactics instructor for the FBI New Agents Training program. You can e-mail him at John.vanvorst@ic.fbi.go w w w.f b i n a a.o r g
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MESSAGE FROM OUR CHAPLAIN
B I L LY G I B S O N
The 2012 Memorial Service LOSING EVEN ONE OF THE SPECIAL OFFICERS WHO HAVE ATTENDED THE FBI NATIONAL ACADEMY IS A TRAGEDY.
T
HE 2012 MEMORIAL SERVICE honoring FBI National Academy graduates who died this year was conducted during the opening ceremony of the FBI National Academy Associates Annual Conference in Grapevine, Texas on July 29. Genesis tells us that God’s most precious creation was man because God created man in His own image, in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them and since they were created in His own likeness, the loss of even one is a tragedy. The same is true with National Academy graduates. We are all of the same likeness. We are members of the same profession. We distinguished ourselves to be selected to attend the FBI National Academy, where we shared the same dormitories, sat in the same classrooms, ate in the same dining hall, studied the same topics, shot on the same ranges, ran the same yellow brick road, and shared our stories in the same board room. We then graduated and scattered to the four corners of the earth to preserve freedom and to protect the life and property of those we serve and the loss of even one of us is a tragedy. So it is an appropriate tradition for the National Academy Associates to conduct a memorial service during the opening ceremony of our annual conference. It provides us with an opportunity to honor and hold in our memories our fellow graduates who passed from this life during the past year. We accomplish this with the presentation and continuous display of the “memory table” throughout the conference. At this year’s conference, we honored 104 of our deceased fellow graduates representing 79 National Academy sessions beginning with the 14th and concluding with the 247th. God has blessed us greatly this year in that not one of these 104 graduates lost their lives in the line of duty by adversarial action. After the service, we presented the memory table, which is
filled with symbolism. It is covered with a white cloth to symbolize the loyalty and commitment our fellow graduates displayed during their careers of service to their respective communities. Then a folded American flag in a case is placed on the table to represent the courage and sacrifice of our fellow graduates. Other symbolic elements on the memory table include: a single red rose in a vase to represent the family, fellow graduates, and friends left behind; a police hat and badge to remind us of the absence of our fellow graduates; a lit white candle to serve as a constant reminder during the conference that the deceased have not and will not be forgotten. The centerpiece of the memory table is a beautifully framed list of the deceased graduates accompanied by their session and date of death. This list is placed on the table to be reviewed by the conference attendees so they can reflect upon the lives and the careers of service of their fellow graduates, classmates, and friends. Assistant Chief Robert Parker of the Watauga (Texas) Police Department and a recent graduate of the 249th session participated in the ceremony by posting the framed list of names. He also lit the candle and saluted the memory of deceased graduates. The memorial service closed with the playing of “Taps” and a prayer. The memory table remained on display throughout the conference. During the closing ceremony it was retired and entrusted to the Florida chapter. Members of that chapter will conduct the memorial ceremony during the 2013 conference in Orlando. ■ F B I N A A
Billy Gibson
2011–2012 NA DECEASED Session
14 41 51 55 57 58 63 67 73 76 77 78 79 81 82 83 89 90 91 93 94 95 95
Nat A. Pinkston Bernard L. Garmire James A. Goodman Raymond J. Schmit Vernon M. Murdoch, Jr. Manuel Gonzales Donald “Don” Arthur Byrd Kenneth Richard Rurright Manuel Camacho Chavez George V. “Mike” Wale, Jr. Courtnay A. Roberts Bernard “Bub” Prais Raymond Duvauchelle Charles P. Fee Charles C. “Buck” Elmore, Jr. James P. Damos William A. Cornwell George Grenier Robert D. Wolford Michael S. “Mickey” Whatley Fred W. L. Hensley, Sr. William “Bill” Charles Dees Clinton Mowen
95 96 97 97 98 98 99 100 101 104 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 108 108 108 109 111 111 111
M. John Velier Jack O. Burke, Sr. Theodore R. Adams David L. Halverstadt Howard J. Hoffman James Quilty Daniel Lupo Joe Ogg John N. Fenley John R. Wilbanks Herbert H. “Bert” Allmers Charles J. Fortenbacher Earl. H. Watson James William Dolan William “Bill” Kaslick Glen Bundy Howard Champ Arthur R. “Russ” Moore Robert Truetken Gerald A. Witkowski Jim Knutsen John R. O’Donovan Ronald B. Ely Deril Thomas Oliver
130 131 131 133
111 112 112 114 115 116 116 116 118 121 125
James Edward Ross George R. Brkovich, Sr Sonnie Simpson Carl. R. Pedersen Robert M. “Bob” Kelly Robert Bruce Stephens William H. “Bill” Rice Theodore “Buck” Villani Donald Strate Peter Robbins Christopher J. Kratzer
133 136 138 138 139 140 142 146 154 158 160 164 165 166 178 171 176 181 182
Peter Brindley Phyl Vermillion Carl. W. Whiteside Charles H. “Charlie” Johnson Louis Henry Rizzuti Kenneth E. Gates David Lee Crenshaw Sheryl Turk Frank S. Daraio Walter Hitchuk William R. Collins David Baize John “Jack” Ritter Roy Anthony Gordon Neil J. Perry James H. “Doc” Dougherty James P. Stratton Nolan McLeod Jack L. King, Jr. Barry Galfano James Strong John P. Salle Brent F. Cooper
182 182 188 195 195 200 201 202 203 203 206 207 208 210 217 218 224 233 234 236 243 245 247
Al Hogle Billy Jack “BJ” Smith, Jr. Jonathan Briggs David Bolda David Severson Robert Reecks Michael J. “Mike” Rumola Armand G. Dupree Rod Coffman Victor H. Kubisch Michael Joseph Valair Ray Samuels Jay Cox Michael “Mike” Joseph Qualter Terry Elmer Davenport Kevin A. White David G. Paris Daniel Sargent Gregory Dymerski Matt Tuttle Denise Norman Arnold Warren Willie Mays Towai
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“IAMULOOKED TO A LEADER. is where experience and academics intersect.” Chief Joel Hurliman | Graduate, School of Security and Global Studies AMU stands shoulder-to-shoulder with the law enforcement community. As a 32-year police veteran and retired Army National Guard Master Sergeant, Chief Hurliman knows it takes street smarts and book smarts to address today’s complex public safety challenges. He joined AMU based on academic partnerships such as the FBI National Academy, faculty who have worn the badge, and a community of like-minded peers, each dedicated to protecting and serving our nation.
Learn More at www.PublicSafetyatAMU.com/associate-mag
Stay connected with the issues facing law enforcement and public service professionals at www.InPublicSafety.com FBI0912_C3.indd 993
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