GlobalCONTACT - 01/2024

ISSN:1386 0194

1

2024 (96)

Special • 50th Anniversary of EFCLIN

Company Profile • Larsen Equipment Design

Fitting Background • State of the Art(ificial) Pt.2 • The importance of contact lens characterization

Business & Marketing • Chat GPT – a new language for the industry?

Eyepress Fachmedien GmbH Saarner Str. 151 45479 Muelheim a. d. Ruhr Germany

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LETTER FROM THE EDITOR

50 years of EFCLIN This issue is somewhat more extensive than usual. The reason

membership of EUROMCONTACT, it was decided to develop

is the 50th anniversary of EFCLIN. Our magazine has been

a magazine that would act as a ‘glue’ for the industry. Information

closely involved with the organization throughout our 32-year

brochure, network, advertising – all this in every issue of

history. For the years 1992 to 2008, we have the complete archive

CONTACT. It was very quickly accepted and after a few years

of issues 1 to 50 as hardback editions, which Wim Albers kindly

distributed worldwide – GlobalCONTACT was born.

handed over to us. After that, we kept our own complete archive from issue 51 to 94. During my research, I came across a huge

For this issue's report, we therefore let some of our companions

treasure of the history of contact lens manufacturing, which I

have their say. First and foremost, Marion Beeler, who has been

could have dug into for days (or probably weeks). This alone

managing the association's fortunes as Executive Director since

could have filled an entire issue of GlobalCONTACT.

the beginning of Armin Duddek's presidency in 2015. Wim Albers has also accompanied the organization for almost 20

What was it like back then, when crossing borders between

years as Executive Director and it is a special pleasure for us that

European countries was still hindered by border controls? And

he gives our readers an insight into this time.

what was the best way to behave at these controls? The first column "Something Else" provided an amusing insight into

It was particularly exciting to find out what happened in the

this. Speaking of Europe: a useful conversion table for the

association before the close monitoring of our magazine, i.e.

European currency of the time, the ECU, was printed as a

before 1992. Andy Chryssolor, one of the founding members

service, knowing full well that it was probably already outdated

and a former president, can provide information about this and

due to currency fluctuations when the magazine was delivered.

has done so wonderfully in our special.

That was just a small example, it's too easy to fall into the rabbit hole of historical research.

Together with my colleagues from Eyepress Fachmedien, the publishing house of GlobalCONTACT, we congratulate the

EFCLIN had a crisis of purpose in those early 90s – and as I read

association and look forward to the next 50 years! ■

in the editorial by then EFCLIN President Tony Koller, not only was the entire contact lens industry undergoing dramatic changes at that time, but the circumstances in the emerging EU were also leading to significant adjustments.

SILKE SAGE Editor-In-Chief silke@global-cl.com

A meeting in a fancy location was simply not enough. New life had to be breathed into the organization and, in addition to the very active support of its members and the association's

ONLINE VISIT OUR BRAND NEW WEBSITE WWW.GLOBAL-CL.COM GlobalCONTACT 1-24

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50th

EFCLIN

EUROPEAN FEDERATION OF THE

CONTACT LENS AND IOL INDUSTRIES

CONGRESS EXHIBITION

25TH – 27TH APRIL 2024 VILAMOURA, PORTUGAL

The Algarve in Portugal is one of the most beautiful holiday destinations anywhere. The great infrastructure in Vilamoura makes this combination the perfect congress location.

The 50th EFCLIN Congress & Exhibition takes place there from 25th – 27th April 2024.

For an engaging lecture program, EFCLIN forum and the best trade exhibition in the business, it can’t be beaten. It’s where the Contact Lens & IOL Industry from Europe, the Far East, North America and beyond come together… will you be there?

REGISTER NOW WHILE THERE IS STILL TIME AT www.efclin.com/congress or e-mail us on info@efclin.com EFCLIN_Inserat_2024_A4.indd 1 !AZ.indd 7

ENGAGING

MINDS EMPOWERING

SUCCESS

MORE INFORMATION WEB www.efclin.com MAIL info@efclin.com PHONE +41 41 372 10 10 FACEBOOK search: EFCLIN TWITTER @EFCLIN#efclincongress ADDRESS EFCLIN | Winkelbüel 2 | CH-6043 Adligenswil | Switzerland

20.07.23 14:47 04.03.24 15:12

CONTENT

ISSN:1386 0194

LETTER FROM THE EDITOR 3

50 years of EFCLIN Silke Sage

1

INTERNATIONAL NEWS

2024 (96)

Special • 50th Anniversary of EFCLIN

Company Profile • Larsen Equipment Design

6

All about you

9

All about products

10 All about research

Fitting Background • State of the Art(ificial) Pt.2 • The importance of contact lens characterization

SPECIAL TOPIC

Business & Marketing • Chat GPT – a new language for the industry?

14 50th anniversary of EFCLIN Andy Chryssolor, Marion Beeler-Kaupke, Erik Smidt, Silke Sage

22 Something else: looking back

Eyepress Fachmedien GmbH Saarner Str. 151 45479 Muelheim a. d. Ruhr Germany

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Wim Aalbers

INDEX TO ADVERTISERS Title: Contamac, www.contamac.com Inside front cover: Bausch + Lomb Inc., www.bausch.com Page 4: Efclin, www.efclin.com Page 7: Acuity Polymers, Inc. www.acuitypolymers.com Page 9: DIATEC Diamanttechnik GmbH, www.diatec-pforzheim.de Page 11: LAMBDA-X S.A., www.lambda-x.com Page 13: K & Y Diamond Ltd, www.kydiamond.ca Special 50 YEARS EFCLIN : Page 17: Contamac, www.contamac.com

28 Company profile: Larsen Equipment Design Silke Sage

FITTING BACKGROUND 32 State of the art(ificial) – part 2 Eef van der Worp and Bart van der Linden

38 The importance of contact lens characterization Daniele Costa, Mariafrancesca Cascione, Valeria De Matteis, Maurizio Martino and Giancarlo Montani.

42 Innovative contact lens cleaning Cornelius Doniga

Page 19: Bausch + Lomb Inc., www.bausch.com

MANUFACTURING

Page 21: Acuity Polymers, Inc, www.acuitypolymers.com

44 Comparing bladder polishing systems with traditional polishing systems

Page 23: Efclin, www.efclin.com Page 25: Larsen Equipment Design Inc., www.larsenequipment.com Page 27: OPTOCRAFT GmbH, www.optocraft.com Page 35: Misupco, Inc., www.customcraftlens.com Page 37: Optimec Systems Ltd., www.optimecsystems.com Page 41: SCHNEIDER GmbH & Co. KG, www.schneider-om.com Page 43: V-Optics SAS, www.v-optics.fr/en Page 45: AMETEK Precitech, Inc., www.precitech.com Page 47: REM Vision Technologies SL, www.remvt.com Outside back cover: DAC International, Inc., www.dac-intl.com GlobalCONTACT 1-24

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REPORT

Erik Larsen

HISTORY 32 The therapeutic contact lens Hans-Walter Roth

BUSINESS + MARKETING 48 Chat GPT and other KI ‒ a new language for the industry Interview with Philipp Schmid

MAGAZINE 52 Yellow Pages 54 Closing words: Steve Cleverly 5

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INTERNATIONAL NEWS

All about you Tohoku University, The University of Tokyo, and Menicon start joint research Tohoku University, The University of Tokyo, and Menicon will start joint research on fundamental technology for contact lenses in April. A statement of the research partners says that the aim of bringing together the research expertise of Tohoku University and University of Tokyo and the contact lens technology of Menicon, is to establish a fundamental technology to transform the industry with respect to the design of new contact lens materials and recycling of various plastic materials used for manufacturing and distribution of the contact lens materials.

Tohoku University established the Research Center for Green X-Tech in January 2023 as part of the Green Goals Initiative,

From left: Hideo Ohno, President Tohoku University, Teruo Fujii, President The University of Tokyo and Koji Kawaura, President and COO Menicon.

aiming to create an industry–academia co-creation and

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innovation hub that can solve social issues and business

sources at SPring-8 and the Aichi Synchrotron Radiation Center

challenges related to the field of green technology through

and neutron sources at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research

practical research using combinations of advanced technologies,

Complex, with the ambition of leveraging the results to achieve

including science, engineering, data science, and IT.

new material design.

Similarly, University of Tokyo established the Institute for Solid

This April, Menicon and Tohoku University will establish the

State Physics and the Synchrotron Radiation Collaborative

Menicon × Tohoku University Co-creation Research Center

Research Organization in NanoTerasu to promote research for

for Miru Mirai on the Aobayama Campus of Tohoku University.

the establishment of a recycling-oriented theory that helps

Additionally, the Institute for Solid State Physics and the

academia lead industry–academia collaborative creation and

Synchrotron Radiation Collaborative Research Organization

accelerates academic fusion.

of University of Tokyo will commence operations in April 2024.

Menicon has been working on the elucidation of structure–

The joint research on fundamental technology for contact

function relationship of contact lens materials by utilizing

lenses will use NanoTerasu and the Co-creation Research Center

quantum beam sources at various facilities, including X-ray

as research hubs.

CooperVision enhances North American academic programs

CooperVision contact lenses, then provide the appropriate

CooperVision has introduced several enhancements to provide

Members of the company’s student leadership societies will also

additional educational opportunities to U.S. and Canadian

have access to a new benefit this year. These students, who represent

optometry students and residents. These include the integration

schools and colleges of optometry across the U.S. and Canada,

of specialty contact lens initiatives, the rebranding of its

will attend an educational meeting with networking opportunities

student-focused philanthropic program, and a new in-person

at the company’s facilities. The three-day summit includes tours

educational summit for members of the CooperVision Student

of two of the company’s global, Rochester-based manufacturing

Leadership Societies.

and distribution sites, as well as a variety of educational sessions.

The company's Give Brightly program offers optometry

Student leadership society members are second- or third-year

students with additional fitting experience while enabling

optometry students selected by faculty at their schools to serve a

them to gift a one-year supply of contact lenses to patients in

one-year term. Selected students receive several other opportunities

need. While the company previously offered a separate and

throughout the year, including a grant to attend the American

similar initiative for its specialty lenses, the program now

Academy of Optometry annual meeting.

includes CooperVision’s diverse portfolio of soft and specialty

CooperVision’s academic programs also include the Best

contact lenses. Through the program, each student may select

Practices Student Program, complimentary contact lenses

one patient per academic year to fit with complimentary

for students, and myopia management certifications.

follow-up care.

GlobalCONTACT 1-24

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INTERNATIONAL NEWS

Karen L. Ling

Bausch + Lomb Announces Appointment of Karen L. Ling to Board of Directors

shareholder engagement expertise to the organization. We’re

Bausch + Lomb has announced that Karen L. Ling has been

boardroom as Bausch + Lomb continues its evolution.”

appointed to its board of directors effective immediately.

Ling stated, “I have long admired Bausch + Lomb’s reputation

Current director Richard De Schutter will retire from the

in eye health and am excited to join such a dynamic and

board effective as of the company’s 2024 annual meeting of

innovative organization as it executes an ambitious global

shareholders. With Ms. Ling’s appointment, the board has

growth strategy. I look forward to helping the company deliver

confident her perspectives will be highly additive in the

been temporarily expanded to eleven members

value for all stakeholders in 2024 and beyond.”

and is expected to revert to ten directors

Karen L. Ling is the former executive vice president and chief

following the annual meeting.

human resources officer at American International Group,

“Since my return to the company, Richard has

Inc. and, prior to that, at Allergan. She previously held senior

been a trusted advisor,” said Brent Saunders,

human resources roles at Merck and Wyeth. Ling is currently

chairman and CEO, Bausch + Lomb. “I join

a director – and chair of the compensation and human capital

the rest of the Board in thanking him for his

management committee – of iRythym Technologies and has

service and wishing him well as he pursues his

served on the boards of Mallinckrodt Plc and TherapeuticsMD

many other interests.” Saunders continued,

Inc. She also serves as a member of the advisory committee

“With her extensive industry leadership

of Galderma. Additionally, Ling is a member of the board of

experience and time as a public company

two nonprofits: ExpandEd Schools and the JED Foundation.

director, Karen brings significant human capital

She holds a B.A. in economics from Yale University and a

management, corporate governance, and

J.D. from the Boston University School of Law.

Johnson & Johnson Medtech launches new presbyopia-correcting IOL in EMEA

for astigmatism and presbyopia,” said Jacqueline Henderson,

Johnson & Johnson MedTech has announced that its new

proud to launch the Tecnis PureSee IOL, giving surgeons and

presbyopia-correcting IOL Tecnis PureSee is now available in

patients the choice of a premium IOL that combines clarity of

EMEA. The company describes it as featuring a proprietary,

vision and reduced visual symptoms.”

purely refractive design that delivers uninterrupted, high-

Today, when choosing an IOL, surgeons and patients must

quality, vision with high best-in-category contrast and low-light

make trade-off decisions. For example, you can have a lens that

performance, comparable to a monofocal IOL.

offers clear sight at all distances without spectacles, but at the

“Cataract surgery is the number one surgery performed globally,

price of possible glares and halos. According to the company,

with 28 million procedures each year. But only 10-15% of

their new IOL combats these issues and improves the overall

patients are getting advanced optical IOLs specifically designed

outcomes for both patients and surgeons.

President Vision, EMEA, Johnson & Johnson. “Today, we’re

Menicon acquires new site in Hokuriku area Menicon has acquired a site in Fukui City, Fukui Prefecture, in the Hokuriku Area, Japan, for the manufacturing and production of contact lenses and lens care products. The company is also considering the establishment of research and development functions related to production at the new site for the purpose of bridging between development and production. The area of the new Fukui base is about 93,000 square meters, which will be the largest domestic production site of Menicon. The company’s supply chain is concentrated in the Chukyo area and by including Fukui Prefecture, it aims to establish a strong production economy zone that includes both areas and establish a rapid production structure according to demand.

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GlobalCONTACT 1-24

08.04.24 16:24

INTERNATIONAL NEWS

All about products OPTIMEC SYSTEMS MAP TRAY+ — transform your quality control Metrology is essential to quality control in your production process but can often be a bottleneck. The Optimec Systems MAP TRAY+ offers a solution, utilising advanced OCT technology to provide measurement at every stage of production, whilst lenses are blocked.

Base curve and thickness after the first cut; front and base curve, CT and sag after the second cut, all completed whilst on-arbour and in a lathe autoloader tray. Automation on its own is not enough – you also need integration, which is where the MAP also shines, with in built APIs to allow connectivity to production control software. The MAP could solve your production QC issues, contact us today for more information. www.optimecsystems.com/map – info@optimecsystems.com

Contamac: Proven Products, Leading Brands Contamac’s website has been updated and designed to provide customers with an enhanced user experience. With a more user-friendly interface, enriched content, and improved navigation, it provides visitors with seamless access to the resources they need. Alongside the complete range of contact lens and intraocular lens materials, the website now includes Global Insight, Contamac's digital publication. Alongside the website launch, Contamac released a refreshed look to its familiar product logos. This transformation brings greater alignment to the Contamac brand, and to that of our industry partners. Visit www.contamac.com to see more.

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22.05.23 13:30 11:49 16.04.24

INTERNATIONAL NEWS

All about research

UV protective contact lenses, smart contact lenses, eye color & retinal health A team of researchers at Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, has developed UV protective contact lenses. Researchers from Dresden, Germany, investigated how four Drosophila genes, known to control eye color, are essential for health of retinal tissue. Scientists from Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) have developed a flexible battery as thin as a human cornea, which stores electricity when it is immersed in saline solution, and which could one day power smart contact lenses. By Rebekka Nurkanovic

New contact lenses respond to UV and temperature changes

to UV radiation, the lenses darken in real time, absorbing

A team of researchers at Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United

vary based on the specific photochromic material used.

Arab Emirates, has developed UV protective contact lenses.

The use of different thermochromic and photochromic powders

Prof. Haider Butt and PhD student Ahmed Salih, both

allows for user-specific customization, allowing wearers to

Department of Mechanical Engineering, developed their lenses

choose lenses based on their unique needs. For instance, blue

using smart materials such as photochromic and thermochromic

transition lenses react swiftly, with 95% of their color change

powders. They have unique optical attributes depending on

reverting in less than five seconds after exposure to UV light.

their activated and inactivated states. Photochromic powders

Pink lenses offer more intense coloration, but they take more

change their structure in response to UV, while thermochromic

than 30 seconds to return to transparency.

ones react to temperature variations. When integrated into

UV isn't the only factor impacting eye health. Fluctuations in

lenses, they should be able to help protect the eyes.

ocular surface temperature, normally between 31 to 37° C, have

Under regular lighting, these transition contact lenses effectively

been connected to issues like dry eye, glaucoma, and diabetic

block about 45% of UV and 20% of blue light. When exposed

retinopathy. This has spurred interest in real-time temperature

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portions of visible light. The speed and intensity of this transition

GlobalCONTACT 1-24

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INTERNATIONAL NEWS

monitoring using advanced contact lenses. The Khalifa University team’s lenses are temperature-sensitive and multifunctional, displaying optical changes within physiological conditions. They darken outdoors due to UV rays from sunlight and respond to changes in temperature.

The team’s multifunctional lenses showcase UV and blue light filtering capabilities alongside colorimetric temperature responses.

The researchers think that the lenses stand poised to serve as both therapeutic and diagnostic tools. Their findings were published in the journal Light Science & Applications in 2023.

DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01304-1 Source: Light Publishing Center, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, CAS

a: Chemical structure of photochromic and thermochromic powders (l.) spiropyran structured material (colorless) switching to merocyanine (colored) and (r.) Fluoran leuco dyes at protonated and deprotonated states. b: Schematic of the lenses’ fabrication process. c: Multifunctional contact lenses under different stimuli. Picture: A. Salih, and H. Butt

Eye color genes are critical for retinal health

metabolic pathways. Elisabeth Knust leads a team of researchers

Metabolic pathways consist of a series of biochemical reactions

from the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and

in cells that convert a starting component into other products.

Genetics (MPI-CBG) in Dresden, Germany, who describe an

There is growing evidence that metabolic pathways coupled

essential role for one such metabolic pathway in maintaining

with external stress factors influence the health of cells and

retinal health under conditions of stress. They studied the

tissues. Many human diseases, including retina l or

classic Drosophila genes cinnabar, cardinal, white, and scarlet,

neurodegenerative diseases, are associated with imbalances in

originally characterized decades ago and named due to their Advertisement

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INTERNATIONAL NEWS

Photos of fly eyes with different colors ranging from normal (left, red) to abnormal (bright red, middle, mutation in the cinnabar gene), and white, right (mutation in the white gene). Abnormal eye color arises due to mutations in genes that regulate pigment formation and a specific metabolic pathway. Credit: Hebbar et al., Plos Genetics, 2023 / MPI-CBG

role in eye color pigmentation, in particular the formation of

health independent of their role in pigment formation,” says

the brown pigment of the fly eye. These genes encode components

Sarita Hebbar, one of the lead authors of the study.

of the kynurenine pathway, whose activity converts the amino

To find this out, the scientists used a combination of genetics,

acid tryptophan by various steps into other products. In this

dietary changes, and biochemical analysis of metabolites to study

study, the authors have highlighted the function of this metabolic

different mutations of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Sofia

pathway in retinal health, independent of its role in pigment

Traikov, a co-author, developed a method for the biochemical

formation.

analysis of the metabolites of the Kynurenine pathway. This allowed

It is an evolutionary conserved metabolic pathway that regulates

the researchers to link different metabolite levels to the health

a variety of biological processes. Its disruption can result in the

state of t he retina. They found t hat one metabolite,

buildup of either toxic or protective biomolecules or metabolites,

3-hydroxykynurenine (3OH-K), is damaging to the retina. More

which can worsen or improve, respectively, the health of the

importantly, they could show that the degree of degeneration is

brain, including the retina. Knowledge on this important

influenced by the balance between toxic 3OH-K and protective

metabolic pathway was recently extended by the research team,

metabolites, such as Kynurenic Acid (KYNA), and not just by

led by Elisabeth Knust, Director Emerita at the MPI-CBG, in

their absolute amounts. Sarita continues: “We also fed two of

their publication in the journal Plos Genetics. Being aware of

these metabolites to normal (non-mutant) flies and found that

the remarkable conservation of this metabolic pathway and the

3OH-K enhanced stress-induced retinal damage, whereas KYNA

genes that regulate it, they used flies as a model system to unravel

protected the retina from stress-related damage.” This means that

the role of individual metabolites in retinal health. The

retinal health in certain conditions can be improved by altering

researchers looked at four genes – cinnabar, cardinal, white,

the ratio of metabolites of the Kynurenine pathway.

and scarlet – named after abnormal eye colors following their

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1010644

loss in flies. “Since the Kynurenine pathway is conserved from

Source: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics

flies to humans, we asked whether these genes regulate retinal

(MPI-CBG)

Battery charged by saline solution that could power smart contact lenses

researchers showed that the battery’s life would be extended

Scientists from Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU

used. The battery can also be charged conventionally by an

Singapore) have developed a flexible battery as thin as a human

external power supply.

cornea, which stores electricity when it is immersed in saline

Associate Professor Lee Seok Woo, from NTU’s School of

solution, and which could one day power smart contact lenses.

Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE), who led the study,

The NTU-developed battery is made of biocompatible materials

said: “This research began with a simple question: could contact

and does not contain wires or toxic heavy metals, such as those in

lens batteries be recharged with our tears? There were similar

lithium-ion batteries or wireless charging systems. It has a glucose-

examples for self-charging batteries, such as those for wearable

based coating that reacts with the sodium and chloride ions in the

technology that are powered by human perspiration. However,

saline solution surrounding it, while the water the battery contains

previous techniques for lens batteries were not perfect as one

serves as the ‘wire’ or ‘circuitry’ for electricity to be generated.

side of the battery electrode was charged and the other was not.

The battery could also be powered by human tears as they

Our approach can charge both electrodes of a battery through

contain sodium and potassium ions, at a lower concentration.

a unique combination of enzymatic reaction and self-reduction

Testing the current battery with a simulated tear solution, the

reaction. Besides the charging mechanism, it relies on just glucose

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an additional hour for every twelve-hour wearing cycle it is

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INTERNATIONAL NEWS

and water to generate electricity, both of which are safe to humans and would be less harmful to the environment when disposed, compared to conventional batteries.”

The team demonstrated their invention using a simulated human eye. The battery, which is about 0.5 millimeters-thin generates electrical power by reacting with the basal tears – the constant tears that create a thin film over our eyeballs – for the devices embedded within the lenses to function.

The flexible and flat battery discharges electricity through a process called reduction when its glucose oxidase coating reacts with the sodium and chloride ions in the tears, generating power and current within the contact lenses. The team demonstrated that the battery could produce a current of 45

Associate Professor Lee Seok Woo, from NTU’s School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE) holding up the flexible battery that is as thin as a human cornea. Picture: NTU Singapore

microamperes and a maximum power of 201 microwatts, which would be sufficient to power a smart contact lens. Laboratory

They will also be working with several contact lenses companies

tests showed that the battery could be charged and discharged

to implement their technology.

up to 200 times. Typical lithium-ion batteries have a lifespan

The findings were published in the scientific journal Nano

of 300 to 500 charging cycles. The team recommends that the

Energy in June 2023. The research team has filed for a patent

battery should be placed for at least eight hours in a suitable

through NTUitive, NTU’s innovation and enterprise company.

solution that contains a high quantity of glucose, sodium and

They are also working towards commercializing their invention.

potassium ions, to be charged while the user is asleep.

The NTU team will be conducting further research to improve

DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2023.108344

the amount of electrical current their battery can discharge.

Source: Nanyang Technological University Advertisement

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16.04.24 10:55 10:34 11.06.19

EUROPEAN FEDERATION OF THE

SPECIAL TOPIC CONTACT LENS AND IOL INDUSTRIES

50 Years of EFCLIN

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Wimquiaspis Aalbers nus wrotesi an amusing version of his long-running column qui dolessit ut aute veleceribus.

"Something Butliquam now, ladies gentlemen, let'svolorec take a tatio. look Porit, enistielse". venihil essinand remodis veliquia

et eum nos qui to odi samusam net atur sitia dolupta dolupta

aditempos que iliqui sequam re conseque et labores sitemos

dollant est fugitatur? Escipsae voluptatenis etus nos entium int ex

back together.

By Silke eaquid Sage que digentus, comnihil ipsam, aut Dolut et por repelec acepratectur sint laut erum, tem alis dolorectat aborescillam aut is molestiunt ommolup tiberum etur sum illabo. Nequam eatio.

Et quiamen dicitat incte quunt, que core ped quiae. Et fuga. Sint la dolupta eptur, con ellupta spicid ut omnihilis pore volo veliqui ssendi ute ommoluptat dicius.

Ut preicii scienih iciist harcia pa volut ipsus derum volorition • Glasgow resmnimus.

tiantiori optae del eos nis modigenitat. Ratem fuga. Ilicitae explate ea dolor simus enihit aceribus. Aci tem quasitas que la volut aliquo et dolenis re rempor sam, cusam faccabora volest aut et, quos ium et dolenis re rempor sam, cusam faccabora volest aut et, quos ium hiciur? Natius, ut officiur, et ulpa voluptis qui blacienisti te nate earis et, et eum nos qui to odi samusam net atur sitia dolupta dolupta tiantiori optae del eos nis modigenitat. et dolenis re rempor sam, cusam faccabora volest aut et, quos ium et dolenis re rempor • Riga sam, cusam faccabora volest aut et, quos ium

Ad que corro ea comniet utectibus ullaborectia voluptium veliatum hillor sunt quibus, aruptiunt auteniendae magnis nonse sed ma alit liquiat ionseque volupiciet enda cum del et earum et laborei • Amsterdam umquiatem net eventiatibus esed mos a istiumetum Den Haag •iditis doluptat.

Ur acea quid ut faccuptatium exersperspe natur,• quuntus Antwerp aut Brussels • landiti nverchi cideles que earum quo qui quiam, volescias atem

• Berlin • Prague

rerum et dit voluptate idiosto taeruntiunt lamus quiam vendam sandande natiati asperuntesto elendanis dolores eos at.

• Vienna • Budapest

Ed quatio beatur? Voluptatium ut quianih illupiet, te audae sam, sit harchic iumqui repuda que quam est porerro et aliquatur, idis iur? De nonseque volorem ipicit qui consequaecus sit ius.

Imenem ut ipsandipis delectem facid molupta tibusan dipsam faceari busamen isquae si omnienim arciunt unt et enianim entios Nice • etur rerro iliberunt.

Venice •

• Dubrovnik

• Barcelona Ciistiusam serchil ictatem Sitges • fugitatur re inis siti volescid mi, sequiae nim con resti core officiis Valencia • volore omnimpore officia volupta tendiciet porati quatempost, cum alignis estrum ariorestrum vero con exceperes aut autas del • Vilamoura et disquid mossequam, custi te eum eseque voluptas ereium ium • Malaga eosam, et, soloriorest rerupti underrum idit dempori busaecatia

EFCLIN Congresses & Exhibitions have been organized in these locations over the past 50 years. In some places several times.

quoditibus eseditatur as ex et, que suntiae periat haribus debit qui volessedio dolupictus, que veliquo digenem pore re parum repreri omni adit lab imus mi, voluptatent quodi doluptin ratem fugiasi quiatendit, quam, core sunt arum quosam experio. Neque seceaque dollitia nisti dolora eumquis faccumqui aribustibus, odigend iaectotatum reped quas voluptatiur?

Aci tem quasitas que la volut aliquo dollant est fugitatur? Escipsae voluptatenis etus nos entium int ex et dolenis re rempor sam, cusam faccabora volest aut et, quos ium hiciur?

14

50-Years-Efclin.indd 14

GlobalCONTACT 1-24

16.04.24 15:19

EUROPEAN FEDERATION OF THE

SPECIAL TOPIC CONTACT LENS AND IOL INDUSTRIES

Andy Chryssolor: Founding Member and Past President of EFCLIN

Many ophthalmic congresses had an exhibition and did not allow

GlobalCONTACT: When did you join the contact lens industry?

would not bother to visit the exhibition or there were too few to

Andy Chryssolor: February 1969 when I joined Allergan

contact lens manufacturers to exhibit and if they did, the delegates make the exhibition worthwhile financially.

in California as Area Manager Europe, Middle East & Asia. At that time, Allergan was producing

GlobalCONTACT: How and why was EFCLIN founded?

Ophthalmic Rx and OTC products and contact

Andy Chryssolor: Because the contact lens

lens solutions which they sold under their

labs and equipment suppliers were not able

lab el a nd a l s o for B& L . I t r avel le d

to exhibit at many of these Ophthalmic

internationally and began visiting contact

congresses, George Nissel, after returning

lens laboratories and looked for distributors

from a very poorly attended exhibition decided

in those countries as Allergan was a very young

to speak with a few European colleagues and

compa ny a nd was look ing to enter t he

proposed setting up a trade association that would be strictly for the manufacturing trade where

international market.

contact lens labs and suppliers could exchange ideas,

In January 1972 I was asked to relocate to Europe to set up European Headquarters, look for acquisitions, find

review new products and see what products would be on offer.

distributors in European countries where Allergan was not

A big plus was that manufacturers would have the opportunity to

represented. Headquarters were established in the UK. I was

exchange new ideas about manufacturing lenses. This was in 1971.

introduced to George Nissel at a Contact Lens meeting in London.

On March 18, 1972 EFCLIN was formally founded with Jack

He introduced me to other contact lens laboratories in the UK

Gallimore as President and George Nissel as Secretary. The other

and also gave me a list of potential customers for the solutions in

founding members were: Javier Chamorro (Spain), Klaus Bjorn

the rest of Europe to contact.

Bulle (Germany), Pierre Rocher (France), Rene Leroy (France), Roger Cotterau (France).

GlobalCONTACT: What organizations existed back then?

As time went on, the structure of the original idea for the creation

Andy Chryssolor: Each European country had at least one or two

of the Association was modified to hold lectures by the professions,

organizations that were only for the Profession such as Scandinavian

allow solution manufacturers and any other industries that would

Contact Lens Specialists, German Ophthalmologist Society,

be used in manufacturing. Workshops, commercial presentations

Chambre Syndicale des Adaptateurs d’Optique de Contact,

during the exhibition were instituted, and IOL companies joined

Hungarian Ophthalmological Society. There was also the European

EFCLIN.

Contact Lens Society of Ophthalmologists but were involved in

Today, EFCLIN is the premiere event for the contact lens and IOL

fitting contact lenses only by Ophthalmologists. Opticians and

industries world-wide with 32 countries represented and over 300

Optometrists were not allowed to fit contact lenses during this

delegates at the 2023 Congress.

period. Ophthalmologists insisted that this was a specialty and only they were qualified to fit. Many countries allowed

GlobalCONTACT: From when to when were you active in EFCLIN and in

Ophthalmologists to fit and give the prescription to the patient

what function?

who would go to an optician to buy the lenses and return to the

Andy Chryssolor: I became a Board member in 1975 and also

Ophthalmologist for the final fit.

2004-2010, President in 2007, organizer of the golf tournament,

GlobalCONTACT 1-24

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16.04.24 15:19

EUROPEAN FEDERATION OF THE

SPECIAL TOPIC CONTACT LENS AND IOL INDUSTRIES

started “first of its kind” EFCLIN journal, “CONTACT” in 1981

trips there were on business. This time, I went as a tourist and

(strictly for the trade and not for the Profession), as President and

with the organized sightseeing it was more than beautiful. Not

with the Board’s agreement, invited the IOL manufacturers to

only the city, but the atmosphere at the Congress was relaxed and

join EFCLIN in 2008 as they did not have a manufacturers’

the delegates all seemed to be in very happy moods. The organization

association. Many IOL labs started as contact lens labs as the IOL

was also well prepared and speakers very interesting. The President’s

industry uses many of the same manufacturing equipment such

dinner Saturday evening was most enjoyable with the good food

as lathes and analytic instruments. The development of computerized

and pleasant conversations. My pictures of Venice with the beauty

milling machines was a game changer in producing one-piece

of the city and those that I took of some delegates who were all

IOLs.

enjoying themselves will live with me forever!

GlobalCONTACT: What novelty, innovation or achievement do you

GlobalCONTACT: Was there moving moment for you that you would

remember in this industry?

like to share with our readers?

Andy Chryssolor: Manufacturing was greatly improved by the

Andy Chryssolor: Very early in EFCLIN’s life as in 1973, EFCLIN

introduction of High spec CNC lates, moulding technology for

delegates came with their wives and the 15 or so delegates spent

soft lenses making disposable lenses affordable and readily available,

more time socializing than doing serious business all day long.

measuring and analytical equipment to a very high standard.

We had our sessions in the mornings and then after lunch we went sightseeing. At this meeting we were in Spain and would hold our

GlobalCONTACT: Which was the best congress for you and why?

meeting at one of the Islands off the coast at Mallorca. We would

Andy Chryssolor: The last Congress, 2023 was a huge success!

travel there on an overnight boat in our own cabin. This would

After Covid, this event was what the doctor ordered. Excellent

be an interesting experience as my wife and I never travelled and

speakers, good location, enthusiastic exhibitors, the idea of dressing

slept in a cabin on a boat.

in country traditional attire was very entertaining as was the

We arrived at the port and were shown to our “boat” which was

cartoon drawings! Overall, it was very well organized and meeting

nothing more than a small ferry that travelled between the Mainland

colleagues after Covid was most enjoyable.

and Majorca. We were shown to our cabin – a very small space with a small bed and washroom. I turned to the crewman that showed

GlobalCONTACT: Which venue did you like best?

us to the cabin and said to him: “This so small and the bed tiny.

Andy Chryssolor: Venice in May, 2015 was a venue I shall never

How do you expect me to make love to my wife in such as small

forget. Just being in Venice was magic. Although I have been to

bed?” (Joking, of course.) He replied, “Would you like me to show

Venice at least 5 times, I never really saw it for what it is, as my

you how?”

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50-Years-Efclin.indd 16

GlobalCONTACT 1-24

16.04.24 15:19

Indu_D

EUROPEAN FEDERATION OF THE

SPECIAL TOPIC CONTACT LENS AND IOL INDUSTRIES

Advertisement

GlobalCONTACT 1-24

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03.04.24 12:04

EUROPEAN FEDERATION OF THE

SPECIAL TOPIC CONTACT LENS AND IOL INDUSTRIES

Marion Beeler- Kaupke, Executive Director

When Ukraine was invaded in February

GlobalCONTACT: What novelty, innovation or achievement can you

2022, we had planned the EFCLIN

remember in connection with the contact lens industry in general and

Congress 2023 in Eastern Europe, in

the EFCLIN Congress in particular?

Budapest. Initially, everyone thought

Marion Beeler: Having worked in contact lens fitting since the

that this war would be short-lived, but

early 1980s, I have witnessed all kinds of innovations. It started

unfortunately we were taught otherwise.

with CAB, the first "gas-permeable" material, continued with

After concerned EFCLN members contacted

newer gas-permeable materials and aspheric geometries and ended

me in the summer of 2022, the Board and I

with quadrant-specific lenses. Toric lenses – rigid and soft – as

decided to move the congress to Western Europe.

well as bifocal and multifocal lenses completed the range. Each

My PCO partner and I were faced with the great challenge of finding

development took the industry one step further. Then came special

a suitable venue in the shortest possible time that was also available

ortho-K lenses and finally sclerals, which brought us almost back

for the date we had already communicated. Fortunately, after dozens

to the beginning of contact lens history.

of inquiries, we found what we were looking for in The Hague.

In the same way, as an optician's apprentice at the end of the 1970s, I was still making prescription glasses. Glasses with +20.0 dpt

GlobalCONTACT: Which was the best congress for you and why?

were not uncommon. Attempts with rigid contact lenses were

Marion Beeler: Every congress had its highlights and "pitfalls".

often only somewhat successful, as these people were usually

"Best EFCLIN ever" is something I've often heard after a congress.

elderly and no longer at their best in terms of fine motor skills.

This may be because I am a perfectionist myself and want to have

The liberation came with IOLs.

everything organized before I leave for the congress. You can also

I have been working with EFCLIN for 9 years now. During these

see year after year how hard the exhibitors try to remain attractive

years, something new has been launched at practically every

and offer their customers something.

congress. Another new aspect is the enormous development in

The 2022 congress in Sitges was very emotional after the two-year

the digital field.

Covid break. You could really feel how much everyone was looking forward to this reunion of the EFCLIN community.

GlobalCONTACT: What setback, scandal, or almost unsolvable problem can you remember during your time as EFCLIN Executive Director?

GlobalCONTACT: Which venue did you like best?

Marion Beeler: For example, the total collapse of the freight elevator

Marion Beeler: First of all, I would like to say that the demands on an

in Prague in 2017 because the specified capacity did not correspond

EFCLIN conference are extremely high. We need both a good exhibition

to reality. The technicians had to spend half the night repairing it

infrastructure and suitable lecture rooms. I really liked Sitges as an

and we were only able to set up the exhibition after a long delay.

organizer, all the other venues had a weak point somewhere. Unfortunately,

In the end, thanks to this night-time operation, everything went

sometimes these only came to light when we wanted to set up on site,

smoothly and we had a great EFCLIN conference there.

sometimes we simply had to accept them and find a solution.

And also when the German government imposed the coronavirus quarantine on March 8, 2020 with a bang and we had to cancel

GlobalCONTACT: Was there a moving moment for you that you would

the EFCLIN conference in Berlin, which was planned for the

like to share with our readers?

second half of April. The Board and I were sitting in a strategy

Marion Beeler: Yes, when Pam Larsen returned to work on the

workshop and had to make a decision within a few hours. A fully

booth alongside her husband Erik in 2018 after a serious illness..

prepared congress had to be re-developed, which took as much

I don't think she missed a single congress apart from 2017.

time as organizing the congress. Thanks to insurance, EFCLIN

I was also very happy when I found out that Helga Seiler and Ken

was not left with the costs. In one case, however, this unfortunately

Payne had said "I do" for life. We are not just an association but

ended in a legal dispute.

also an EFCLIN family.

18

50-Years-Efclin.indd 18

GlobalCONTACT 1-24

16.04.24 15:01

Indu_D

EUROPEAN FEDERATION OF THE

SPECIAL TOPIC CONTACT LENS AND IOL INDUSTRIES

Advertisement

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GlobalCONTACT 1-24

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26.03.24 13:39

EUROPEAN FEDERATION OF THE

SPECIAL TOPIC CONTACT LENS AND IOL INDUSTRIES

Erik Smidt, EFCLIN President 2011 – 2013

of RGP materials with high oxygen permeability was also a

GlobalCONTACT: When did you join the contact lens industry?

breakthrough in the industry. The latest innovations are myopia

Erik Smidt: In 1997, I founded "ERCON contactlenzen &

control and the revival of Ortho-K lenses. Not least because of

consultancy", a distributor of soft contact lenses with our

the success of the new materials in contact lenses.

first supplier Igel, now Ultravision. Before I started my own company, I worked at Friedrichs, a

GlobalCONTACT: Which was the best congress for

wholesaler, and at CIBA Vision, so I already

you and why?

had experience in the entire supply chain as

Erik Smidt: To be honest, the best congress

a contact lens fitter. Ultravision is still a main

for me in 2018 was because of a personal issue.

supplier for ERCON today.

As I mentioned earlier, we changed the format of the manufacturers' forum. We were very

GlobalCONTACT: From when to when were you

pleased with the number of participants, which,

active in EFCLIN and in what function?

if I remember correctly, was over 120. The plan

Erik Smidt: At that time, monthly disposable lenses were just being introduced and in the Netherlands,

to have lively discussions between EFCLIN members, who in other situations would sometimes

soft contact lenses were mainly replaced every six months. When

never speak to each other, was successful. Besides great

I started my business, I had no idea that I would ever be a member

conversations and great contributions to the members, this was

of EFCLIN until Wim Aalbers asked me if I wanted to become a

a goal to achieve.

member, I think that was in 2000.

In 2005 I was elected to the board by the EFCLIN members and

GlobalCONTACT: Which venue did you like best?

after two years I was appointed treasurer of EFCLIN, succeeding

Erik Smidt: The venue I enjoyed the most was Vilamoura in 2013,

Henk van Bruggen.

what a great place, and even better, we are having the 50th EFCLIN

After serving as treasurer for some time, I became president

Congress again in Vilamoura. The organization couldn't have

of the association, which was extended for another year, when

picked a better place for an anniversary.

I should have stepped down as I had been a member of the board for six years. Naturally, I was delighted to have the trust

GlobalCONTACT: Was there a moving moment for you that you would

of the members.

like to share with our readers?

In 2016, the Board asked me to moderate the Manufacturers'

Erik Smidt: In my opinion, EFCLIN is a great community, not

Forum. Together with Hannes Pfund, we had a lot of fun preparing

only for business, but also for meeting friends. My wife Ingrid

these forums. When EFCLIN held its first post-Covid live event

and I have made some of our best friends through participating

in 2022, the forum in this format was the last one I moderated.

in EFCLIN. Steven and Angela Wheeler, who have been retired

For me, it was an honor and a privilege to moderate it and I always

for a few years, are still our best friends and we visit them and

enjoyed it immensely.

them us whenever possible. So EFCLIN isn't just great for business reasons. You can make friendships that last for years, even if you

GlobalCONTACT: What novelty, innovation or achievement do you

are no longer in the industry.

remember in this industry?

For these reasons, I am delighted to become a member again with

Erik Smidt: The industry is constantly evolving, right down to

my new company, BOX 14 Consultancy, and I hope to meet new

new materials and modalities. I still remember the introduction

and old friends in Vilamoura.” 

of the first monthly and daily disposable lenses. The introduction

20

50-Years-Efclin.indd 20

GlobalCONTACT 1-24

16.04.24 15:01

EUROPEAN FEDERATION OF THE

SPECIAL TOPIC CONTACT LENS AND IOL INDUSTRIES

EFCLIN President Duddek Armin

2015 - 2024

Prolens AG

Kopito Marcel

2014 - 2015

Bausch & Lomb, Polymer Technology, Germany

Smidt Erik

2011 - 2013

Ercon, NL

Bear Jeannie

2009 - 2010

Contamac, Menicon

Chryssolor Andy

2007 - 2008

Contour Fine Tooling, UK

Avery Graham

2005 - 2007

Bausch & Lomb

Payne Ken

2000 - 2002

DAC, USA

Behar Shimon

1999 - 2000

Soflex, IL

Walker David

1995 - 1998

Vista Optics, UK

Koller Tony

1992 - 1995

Optik Koller

Gfoeller Werner

1990 - 1992

Jaggs Michael

1982 - 1990

Nissel George

1979 - 1982

Cantor&Nissel, UK

Gallimore Jack

1972 - 1979

NuSyte, UK

Aalbers Wim

1991-2010

retired, Belgium

Wheeler Steve

2011-2015

retired, UK

Beeler-Kaupke Marion

2016 -

Comsy, Switzerland

Executive Director

Advertisement

GlobalCONTACT 1-24

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EUROPEAN FEDERATION OF THE

SPECIAL TOPIC CONTACT LENS AND IOL INDUSTRIES

Something else From 1991 to 2011 we had the pleasure of organizing the EFCLIN congresses. I write 'we' because my wife Kitty, our successive secretaries Paula and Renée formed a close team during that period. When asked by GlobalCONTACT if I wanted to write an article about our experiences in the context of the 50th EFCLIN congress in Portugal, I said ‘yes!’. And it was a great pleasure, too. A pleasure to reminisce with our former team.

Memories that you may share with us, but may bring a smile to the younger generation. Yes, boys and girls, that's how it used to be at those congresses. By Wim Aalbers

Photos: Wim Aalbers

Let's start in the period when no more congresses were planned.

There was an exhibition with a limited number of exhibitors, but

That was in 1992. One or two years earlier there had been another

the number of participants was satisfactorily. In any case, enough

congress in Luxembourg. And back then it was still the case that

to continue with another congress next year.

if you said something at the meeting, you had the chance to immediately get on the board. That happened to me in Luxembourg...

CE MARKING AND MEDICAL DEVICE STATUS EFCLIN suddenly became more interesting for the industry when

THE ONE WITH THE QUESTION: “CONTINUE WITH EFCLIN OR CANCEL IT?”

the CE marking was announced. Contact lenses were given medical

In spring 1992 the board decided to have a meeting in Spain. Then-

consequences this would have.

board member Frances Llapart organized that meeting. EFCLIN

We organized various meetings for members in several regions.

had become an “English gentlemen's club” with few activities and

We invited specialists who explained what could be expected.

that was not what the Board had in mind with this organization.

EUROMCONTACT also played an important role as an interest

There was only one agenda item: “Continue with EFCLIN or cancel

group. As Executive Director of EFCLIN, I was invited to join

it?” We used the organization's entire (but tiny) remaining cash

their board. This meant that EFCLIN was first in terms of

sources for this meeting. After a few good dinners and great

information provision. All that turned out to be very useful. This

discussions, it was decided that we would give it a try. This was

also allowed us to share meaningful and up-to-date information

partly due to my offer to try it, but entirely at my own risk. So I

in GlobalCONTACT.

device status and our entire industry was concerned about the

(Eurolens, my company) would do everything in my power to get things back on track. And since the till was completely empty, Eurolens would pre-finance it.

THE ONE WITH THE FIRST MACHINE AT AN EFCLIN CONGRESS After a while machine manufacturers also became more interested in the exhibition. If I remember correctly, it was

A MAGAZINE CALLED GLOBALCONTACT AND A NEW CONGRESS

DAC International that brought the first machine to an EFCLIN

It was also decided to publish a magazine

The exhibition space was one f loor higher than the ground

in the name of EFCLIN: the magazine was

f loor. (In Europe this is the first f loor, elsewhere it may be

called “Global Contact”. The intention was

called the second f loor…). Anyway, the machine had to go up

to distribute the magazine among European

in the elevator. And because it was the first time that we had

laboratories and related contact lens

seen a machine like this at the exhibition, we as an organization

organizations. In the same year, 1992, we

had not yet 'learned' how to check whether this would be easy

organized a new congress in Amsterdam.

22

50-Years-Efclin.indd 22

congress. And that didn't happen without a fight...

to arrange.

GlobalCONTACT 1-24

16.04.24 15:01

Indu_D

EUROPEAN FEDERATION OF THE

SPECIAL TOPIC CONTACT LENS AND IOL INDUSTRIES

Advertisement

WHY JOIN EFCLIN? “It’s the best form of business networking I have ever done”

“If you can’t support your own industry who can you support?”

“Everyone seems to help each other, it’s amazing”

“It’s run by its members, for its members”

“There is always someone you can contact who will have experiences you can benefit from”

“I’d pay the membership just to come to the congress”

“Why wouldn’t you?”

“A great source of information”

“It’s like having a whole network of experts available at all times”

“The members all understand each other”

“It’s our representative body”

“The congress and exhibition is the best there is”

EFCLIN OFFERS TWO TYPES OF MEMBERSHIPS:

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Lens Manufacturers, Wholesalers & Distributors pay an Annual Subscription based upon the number of employees in their organization

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Suppliers to the Industry and Consultants pay an Annual Subscription based upon the value of their Annual Sales to the lens manufacturing industry

VISIT EFCLIN.COM/BECOME-A-MEMBER YOU CAN FIND FULL DETAILS OF ALL THE ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION CHARGES AT EFCLIN.COM CONTACT US: INFO@EFCLIN.COM // +041 (0)41 372 1010

GlobalCONTACT 1-24

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EUROPEAN FEDERATION OF THE

SPECIAL TOPIC CONTACT LENS AND IOL INDUSTRIES

The machine was wheeled to the elevator and slid into it. There

It was also during that period that the idea arose to organize a

appeared to be barely 2 cm of space left on each side. We could no

joint congress with the CLMA. We could do that on a cruise ship

longer reach the buttons to operate the elevator. So someone walked

sailing from Ireland to the USA. The Europeans only had to arrange

up the stairs and 'ordered' the elevator there.

a return journey and the Americans only had to arrange an inbound journey. However, the machine manufacturers had major objections

THE ONE WITH JEANNIE AND THE BOAT

to these plans, so it never happened. Their argument: “How could

From the first congress we organized, we included an entertainment

we produce a good contact lens at an exhibition on a ship, with

dinner into the program. In Amsterdam it was obvious to organize a

wind force eight or more…? Good argument, but a shame, we

dinner on a tour boat. Right from the start, I made it clear to everyone

already had wild plans about possible entertainment.

that time was sacred during the congress, but also in all other activities.

The program stated that we would leave by boat at half past seven, and

THE ONE WITH RICK IN NICE

so we did – even if people were late. And so it happened. We left and

And speaking of entertainment, in 2001 we were in Nice. For the

Jeannie Bear wasn't there yet. But Jeannie wouldn't be Jeannie unless

entertainment we hired Rick, an American standup comedian

she came up with a plan. She ordered a cab and instructed the driver

who worked in Amsterdam. We called him in a day early and

to follow the boat, eventually boarding elsewhere to loud applause.

asked him to talk to the exhibitors. He would then base his act on

Another entertainment dinner in Amsterdam took us to a fake nightclub:

what he had heard from the exhibitors. He visited the exhibitors

the Eccentric Club, including casino. In that casino you were allowed

with the story that he wanted to set up a contact lens lab in

to cheat. This was immediately put into practice by many participants.

Amsterdam, where he wanted to produce lenses exclusively for artists. Well, such a story naturally provokes quite special reactions.

THE ONE WITH THE PUB CRAWL

Since Kitty and I were the only ones who knew what would happen

Between 1994 and 1998 there were congresses in Belgium in

the night his act took place, we sat in anticipation when he started.

Antwerp and Brussels and in the Netherlands in Zeist. For the

Could our Rick have based an act on what he had heard and seen?

transport from the airport to the congress hotel, we hired two

He started off fantastically, mentioning names of exhibitors and

students. Guests who indicated they wanted this service were

even products. It was all very funny. Until… Rick lost his lines

picked up. One of this students was my son and he used my wife’s

and fell back on an act he did in nightclubs, with mainly male

car. So the complete family was involved…

audience and only after 2 am. Kitty and I were panicking. This

In Antwerp, we organized a pub crawl that ended with a great dinner

couldn't be possible! So I ran on stage and "shortened" his

in a good restaurant. That was quite a task to organize. Nobody was

performance and complimented him backstage.

allowed to stay too long in a pub, otherwise people would be late for the restaurant. Fortunately, we had hired a number of guides

THE ONE WITH THE LIMITED AIR SUPPLY

who led the participants through the pubs with iron discipline.

We also had a very special technical problem in Nice: the number of machines on display had never been so large. At previous

THE ONES WITH LETTERS TO THE FRENCH AND SAILING TO THE NEW WORLD

congresses, we had adequately regulated the power supply and

At one of these congresses, I was made responsible in the General

exhibitors all wanted visitors to see what beautiful contact lenses

Assembly for the fact that so few French laboratories were present.

these machines could produce.

I told the members in my best English that we had done everything

Unfortunately, the amount of compressed air supply was not

we could to attract these people. I said: "We even sent French letters!".

sufficient. As a result, the exhibitors warned each other when they

The English almost fell under the table laughing. While I wondered

wanted to give a demonstration. When one machine started, the

what joke I had told. Later, my English improved, but many still

others had to wait in line. Of course, we also learned

compressed air, but now there were many more machines. Their

think I speak 'Dinglish'.

>> 24

50-Years-Efclin.indd 24

GlobalCONTACT 1-24

16.04.24 15:01

PR_La

PR-Advert

Larsen Equipment In 2004, Keith Parker and I opened Advanced Vision Technologies (AVT). At that time, the economy was going through a very bad recession and as a result, it was impossible for a new business starting up to get a loan. We immediately reached out to Erik and Pam at Larsen Equipment to get refurbished equipment to use in our Laboratory. As AVT’s business grew, we invested in many different pieces of new equipment from Larsen Equipment and this helped us grow into one of the Premiere Labs in the United States. Our success is due in part to Erik and his Team with their state-of-the-art equipment and maintenance of their products. AVT is forever grateful for Larsen Equipment’s support of AVT. It is great to know AVT is working with Industry leaders with the Larsen Equipment and their Team!

Janine Bungo, Vice President

QUALITY MANAGER: RANDY MINGOY

PRESIDENT: KEITH PARKER

I have known Erik Larsen since 1992. Since then I have used

I have had the pleasure of working with Erik since the beginning

just about every piece of equipment his company has built. My

of Larsen Equipment. The first piece of equipment, a 6 spindle

experience with Erik and the Larsen team has been one of great

horizontal arm polisher revolutionized our production of GP

appreciation as they have always helped me in my needs of

contact lenses. Through the years, I watched his business grow

fully understanding equipment used to manufacture quality

as he and his team listened to our Industry needs and developed

contact lenses. Erik has also been able to engineer any part

now numerous products not only simplifying many tasks of

needed for me even it was a custom part.

manufacturing but improving the consistency of quality in

Erik (Larsen Equipment) has been and still is a pioneer in the

our finished products. Innovation has been an ongoing

contact lens and optical industry, and I am thankful to him

experience of our Company only made possible through the

for his support over the years.

innovation of necessary equipment developed and made Randy Mingoy

available by the Larsen team.

Quality Manager

Larsen Equipment is a family owned business hosting a team

Advanced Vision Technologies

of willing Staff all having the attitude of serving their

DIRECTOR OF OPERATIONS: JORDAN GOBEL

Customer’s needs. As a Customer, we are made to feel like we have a friend in the business helping us develop a more

There can be a lot of moving parts when it comes to managing

efficient process allowing our Company to deliver better

operations, so it is key to have reliable precision equipment

products for our Customers.

that assists in overall efficiency. Larsen Equipment delivers just

Our success of AVT simply could not have been possible without

that! I have been utilizing Larsen manufacturing equipment

the help, assistance and dedication of Larsen Equipment. I

for over 15+ years and have yet to run into an issue they could

will be forever grateful for my opportunity to work with Erik

not resolve. I am a satisfied owner of bladder polishers, edge

and his very capable Staff.

roller’s and auto-blockers etc. Each one of these units greatly

Keith Parker

assists in the reduction of rejects and manufacturing waste.

President

Their ability to customize and retrofit specific tools certainly sets them apart from the competition. Larsen stands behind their equipment with a knowledgeable staff that provides exceptional service. Simply put, we are a better laboratory because of our relationship with the folks at Larsen.

Jordan Gobel Director of Operations/Consultant Advanced Vision Technologies GlobalCONTACT 1-24

PR_Larsen.indd 25

969 S. Kipling Parkway, Lakewood, CO 80226 Phone: 303-384-1111 888-393-5374 Fax: 303-384-1124 www.AVTLENS.com 25

26.03.24 13:33

EUROPEAN FEDERATION OF THE

SPECIAL TOPIC CONTACT LENS AND IOL INDUSTRIES

a lot from this. From the following year we had Henk van de Bogaard

front of the hotel. They all turned out to be people who still

present, who took excellent care of the compressed air for many

wanted to register.

years. From then on, we also organized the transport of all material

So the restaurant where the president's dinner was being held

for the exhibition better than before. Instead of all exhibitors sending

turned out to be too small for the whole group. We had to quickly

everything directly to the congress venue, we had everything sent

organize a second dinner at a different location. Kitty led this

to a freight forwarder. That carrier brought all the materials in a

group and I led the other group. This was the only congress where

large truck to the hotel where we were that year. That went well for

there were two presidential dinners...

years with the same carrier, although I was always worried. Suppose that truck had an accident... Then we would have a completely empty

THE ONE WITH THE AUDITION OF STREET MUSICIANS

exhibition. Fortunately, that never happened.

In 2007, the congress was held in Málaga, Spain. Nice hotel, good facilities. We had planned a Spanish party evening with Spanish

THE ONE WITH THE BUILT-IN METRO STATION

music as entertainment. We hadn't been able to book a music group

In 2002 and 2003 we were in Barcelona. Good hotel, excellent

in advance and we thought we could organize it on site. When we

facilities and a practical location. The hotel is literally built on top

arrived in Málaga, it turned out that it was a public holiday in Spain,

of a metro station. And the metro takes you to the center of

so all the music groups were fully booked. What should we do?

Barcelona in a few minutes. The entertainment dinner was in a

The solution: Kitty and I went to the center of Málaga and looked

Flamenco restaurant. In 2003 we introduced the first EFCLIN

for street musicians. We listened to them to assess their quality

website during that congress.

and if they were good enough, to perform at our congress. We signed six musicians who gave a perfect performance on the night

THE ONE IN FRONT OF THE AIRPORT

itself. A nice side effect was that we stayed well below our budget.

In 2005 we settled in Vienna. The congress hotel was opposite the airport exit, less than a 50 meter-walk. Still, we received several phone

THE ONE WITH THE SHOOTING AND THE PYJAMA PARTY

calls from congress attendees who had gotten into a taxi and asked

In 2008 we went to Glasgow. Glasgow City Council has an enthusiastic

us what the address of the hotel was. The entertainment dinner was

and inventive urban development department. Two representatives

in some kind of castle with an orchestra playing classical music. Toni

of this department convinced us to choose this city.

Koller, who was on the Board at that time had organized that for us.

Opposite the congress hotel was a pub. A murder had been committed there the night when most of the convention delegates arrived. Perhaps

THE ONE WITH THE TWO PRESIDENT DINNERS

some thought that this was part of our entertainment program, but

The congress in 2006 was in Venice. The hotel was built above and

that was not the case. The entire street was cordoned off by the police

around a harbor that was directly connected to the canals in

and we were only able to enter the hotel with some difficulty.

Venice. When we visited the hotel to inspect it, fortunately we

There were also some problems on the first night. In the evening,

now had the experience to check everything for the possibilities

the hotel had announced (through a note in the rooms) that the

of bringing in machines. The proposed exhibition space looked

water would be turned off from 12:00 am to 2:00 am. Not really

excellent. Large, with a bar and well decorated.

a problem, right? But yes, someone had decided to take a bath at

When I jumped (my standard check on the condition of the floor...)

11:55 pm and hadn't read the note. So he opened the tap, but the

I bounced up and down. The floor turned out to be made of (thin)

water supply ended after five minutes. The guest then fell asleep,

wood. Every machine we run there would produce special lenses…

but at 2:00 am the water was running again. Anyway, around 3:00

Entertainment on a boat in Venice, of course. But...

in the morning, all the alarms in the hotel went off. Everyone

The number of participants who signed up exceeded expectations.

thought it was a fire alarm.

Never before have we had so many participants. On the opening

This was the first time that EFCLIN had "spontaneously organized

day, our secretary Renee Ong was behind the reception desk.

a pyjama party". Everyone in the hotel lobby in nightgowns! Except

That went well until a bus with about 45 Italians stopped in

for a few EFCLIN members who had apparently been sitting in

26

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16.04.24 15:01

!AZ.ind

EUROPEAN FEDERATION OF THE

SPECIAL TOPIC CONTACT LENS AND IOL INDUSTRIES

the hotel bar all night and were the only ones to attend this unique

snow and freeze there in April, there was nothing to do and it was

pyjama party fully clothed.

too far away. But it turned out, it was summerly, and everyone

We had booked a typical Scottish restaurant for our entertainment

enjoyed their stay in Latvia and the old town of Riga.

dinner. The haggis was brought in with lots of traditional bagpipe

But leaving Latvia became a bit of a problem for many guests. In

music. The arrival was festive, but haggis was less festive for many

Iceland the eruption of the volcano Eyjafjallajökull caused a near

attendees. Fortunately, the rest of the food and entertainment was

standstill of most flight connections and some detours or extra

fine. Also in Glasgow: GlobalCONTACT was officially handed

days of stay.

over by Kitty and me from Eurolens to Jörg Spangemacher from Mediawelt (which is since 2019 in the hands of Silke and two other

THE ONE THAT WAS OUR LAST AS ORGANIZERS

shareholders under Eyepress Fachmedien).

In 2011 during the congress in Barcelona, Steve Wheeler took over from us, but we remained and will remain interested guests.

THE ONE WITH NO CONGRESS AT ALL

Kitty, Renee, Paula and I are convinced that EFCLIN in the future

During a board meeting after the congress in Glasgow, the board

will keep playing the important role which it did in the last half

decided to hold the congress in spring instead of October. The

century. Of course, there were ups and downs, but with motivated

result was that there was no congress in 2009, because that would

Board members and the professional Executive Director of the

have been much too soon after the congress in Glasgow.

kind we presently have, the future is ours!

Maybe one little advice from this old man: keep things pleasant,

THE ONE WITH THE INTERFERENCE OF A VOLCANO

make fun, next to the serious business. Make a visit to an EFCLIN

The next congress was therefore in 2010 in Riga, Latvia. That

congress a party. As long as we do so, we keep coming as visitors

location also attracted some criticism in advance. It would still

and many others will also. 

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27

26.02.24 15:02 17:15 16.04.24

REPORT

The Problem ­Solver A visit to Larsen Equipment Design Together with his son Andrew, Erik Larsen shoulders a steel bar and carries it into his workshop. It smells of oil and metal here. A whole battalion of machinery is installed here. Large, old, new and small. And the really big ones, which easily have a footprint of 6 m² and reach far over the heads of the employees who operate them. Countless boxes of machine parts, screws, cables and the many components needed to build his blockers and polishers and other products are lined up here. We visit Erik Larsen. He opened the door to his workshop in Seattle for GlobalCONTACT and gave us a tour. By Silke Sage A row of auto blockers sits on the large workbench in the middle

his father, a boat builder on Vashon Island, where he was able

of the workshop. They are being assembled here and are not yet

to create things and took great pleasure of it. There he learned

finished. One by one, the employee responsible for the electronics

early on what it took to get things done. Later he graduated at

has to lay various cables and connect them to the electronics.

the University of Washington as a mechanical engineer.

This device is one of Erik Larsen's bestsellers. But his polishers

He initially worked for a few years at a company that manufactured

are also known all over the world in contact lens manufacturing.

contact lenses as well as its own machines for the emerging

A world map in the workshop marks the places to which his

contact lens industry. "At one point they got bought out by

machines are delivered. It contains many pins that testify to

CooperVision (Medi-Cornea) and stopped producing machines.

the success story of the family business Larsen Equipment

But I loved making machines, so I quit and started LED about

Design (LED). In the past there were many, many pins in North

six months later," recalls Erik.

America, today there are few.

"In the 1970s, there were once around 500 labs in the USA – today

THE LEAP INTO INDEPENDENCE

there are only 15," says Erik. What would be a difficulty for

During his time as an employee, he had already made numerous

other companies, the globally-minded and inventive engineer

contacts. He developed a 6-spindle polishing machine and took

has turned into a success: today, 90% of his turnover is generated

that to the CLMA congress in 1982. But at first he didn't receive

outside North America.

a single order. "There wasn't much money involved and it was

Since his beginnings in 1981, he has been thinking internationally

just a try – but I knew I could do it," he recalls.

and he soon looked over to Europe and showed his machines

He waited and didn't hold out much hope at first, but the

at the European EFCLIN conference.

discussions and the presentation of the machine paid off. After around a month, the first order came in. He had obviously been

THE BEGINNING: AN ENGINEER THROUGH AND THROUGH

remembered. Even though he hadn't even brought a business

Let's start at the beginning: Erik Larsen was born with a love for

card with him, let alone thought of a suitable marketing concept.

mechanical engineering. He was raised in a mechanical

More orders came in over the next few months. His former

environment. He had his first “playground” in the workshop of

boss also ordered six machines. Finally, Bausch+Lomb ordered

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REPORT

a set of machines. But that was just the start, as numerous

THE ROAD TO THE WORLD STAGE

orders followed. The six-spindle polisher was awarded the first

Over the years, Erik Larsen developed a family of polishing

patent for Larsen.

machines in various sizes. And in 1990, the lathes were developed to produce ‘freeform optics’. “I was approached to develop a

INVENTIVENESS AND PRECISION

polisher for aspheres and torics. It seemed they needed someone

At that time there were five companies that also made contact

who could solve the problem. So, we did!" he recalls. The

lens machines, so there was competition. After a short time,

“bladder polisher” was awarded a patent.

he got a call from an employee who worked at Wessley Jessen

For beta testing, he took his bladder polisher to a small trade

and placed a large order. It was George Glady, who was working

show in Las Vegas. He met with Larry Nygren from Custom

there at the time.

Craft Lens Services. The reason was that Larry Nygren was using

"Looking back now, I can say that B+L had provided us with an

a state-of-the-art lathe from Opto-form at the time. "I wanted

income, but George Glady turned LED into a thriving business”.

to see if the bladder polisher would change the lens instead of

Later Wesley Jessen was bought by Ciba Vision, which then

just polishing it. It was a good test: we ran about 20 lenses through

became Alcon – and today LED ist still working with Alcon

it and then he started packing them," he recalls. "I said, 'You

in addition to B&L. George Glady, on the other hand, later

can't do that, you don't know if they're any good!" He said, "Oh

founded Euclid Systems and Erik continued to work with him.

no, they're gorgeous!" He shipped the lenses out of that prototype

Sadly, George Glady passed away in the fall of 2023.

polishing machine. He said, "This is going to change the industry."

1

3

5

2

4

6

7

1: Erik has long since swapped his drafting board for digital design programs. His daughter-in-law Stephany supports him. 2: Every part is checked. 3: Michael takes care of the large machines. 4: No compromises with the measurements. 5: The electronics are installed by Matt. 6: A picture of his machines at an EFCLIN exhibition. 7: Many of the large machines in his workshop each serve a specific task.

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28_Larsen_CompProfile.indd 29

29

16.04.24 10:25

REPORT

8

9

10

11

8: Erik shoulders a steel part several meters long together with his son Andrew. 9: Pam Larsen in her office. 10: Erik Larsen shows where his customers are located around the world. 11: Andrew Larsen grew up in the workshop and knows all the operations there.12: The Larsons (center) with Andrew and Stephany Larsen (left) and the two employees Matt and Micheal (right). Not in the picture are two other employees of the company.

12

ATTENTION TO DETAIL

and I had to prepare a presentation. I remember I was very

A few years earlier, Erik had started publishing articles for

nervous to prepare my speech, since I am not the kind of guy

Wim Aalbers (the former publisher) in GlobalCONTACT.

who likes to be on stage. So Wim Aalbers, who then also was

Always with his perspective of a mechanical engineer in contact

Executive Director of EFCLIN said: 'Just tell us what you do...'

lens manufacturing. “Shortly afterwards, my younger brother

and that got me talking. So after that we picked up the European

and I went to an EFCLIN conference in Brussels for the first

market really well."

time and we took our machines with us. But the people were

However, not all machines were always a success, "We also had

first pretty skeptical about it because they were using different

a few flops," he recalls. These setbacks were always an incentive

tools", says Erik. "They thought everything had to be converted

for him not to give up. Different processes with different levels

to our system. So we brought a 6-spindle-machine with 6

of automation, for example, always require adaptation. We

different spindles. And the first came and said: 'we can't use

have learned from this and then offer customized solutions.

that!’ Well, we showed him a tool and said: 'maybe your tool looks like this? We can make it for you then'”. That's when many

BUILT TO LAST

people realized that Erik adapts his machines to his customers'

Today he offers 6 different models of Blocker, 4 for Contact Lenses

requirements and not the other way around.

and 2 for IOL. Depending on how they make their lenses. "We

Erik Larsen is his own brand. His machines sell because they

are the only ones who do that," says Erik. The differences depend

are so customizable and easy to integrate into the production

on how the specific company manufactures its lenses. “We have

process. He didn't achieve his success with a sophisticated

to look at that and get an idea of how to solve the process problem.

marketing plan or fancy presentations. He is an honest soul

In the last few decades, the main challenge is process, but the

and simply says what he does. He remembers: "In the mid 1990’s

industry is maturing to standardization. This is ironic since in

I went with my wife Pam to an EFCLIN Show in Amsterdam

contact lens production, each lens is unique. We offer machines

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REPORT

and processes that are ‘immune’ to the variation in product.

LED has undoubtedly occupied a niche with his devices. We

Sometimes it takes a whole month of consultation before we

want to know if they have never been copied? "Yes, I know of

fully understand the process and offer an appropriate machine,"

a few occasions." he says. "And although some of the maschines

he adds. "Sometimes people joke: 'Erik, your machines last too

were copied, yet they didn't perform particularly well and

long!' That is nice to say but the fact is: good design lasts. They’re

needed to be rebuilt in a few months."

supposed to. I know there are some of my polishers that have

One manufacturer had bought one device and then made

­50,000 hours on them." However, it is also important for him to

several copies. When Erik visited him, he asked him: "Are you

mention that there are constant updates for many older machines,

in the machinery business or the lens business?" "Well," he said,

which should also be used.

he was in the lens business. Erik replied: "The machines you

He sees the advantage of his machines as being able to maintain

copied are 25 years old. Are you interested in state-of-the-art

them oneself. "We can train people to take care of it on site,"

machines?" He regards his customers as partners. Partnerships

he says. Spare parts are supplied with the machine or can be

come with advantages such as access to new products and

delivered within a few days. He adds: "It makes a difference if

technologies. “We grow together.”

a lab has to call in a factory technician for a repair job for

In the end, he reordered their machines from Erik Larsen. In

$5,000-10,000 or can do it themselves via video call. It saves

most cases, this didn't really turn out to be a disadvantage for

time and money. You can also install the device yourself; you

LED, because in the end the orders did reach him.

don't need a person to come in externally – and that's a very big difference to others.

THE FUTURE Automation has been playing an increasingly important role

FAMILY BUSINESS

for some time now. This presents many companies with a

He has built all of this up together with his wife Pam Larsen.

number of hurdles. "I've already seen a lot of changes. The lens

They have been married for 43 years. And she has accompanied

designs and manufacturing possibilities are fantastic today!"

and supported him on his visits to CLMA and EFCLIN. Her

he reports. "Although the push to automation is still not an

realm at LED is often behind the desk. In the workshop, a room

easy thing to do. The big hurdle is: once you get it installed,

with windows separates an office. Pam Larsen (CFO) takes

who is going to maintain it? When you drop a lens, you pick it

phone calls, answers e-mail and has a laugh with the staff. This

up, but if a robot drops it, it doesn't know what to do. So there

is also where Erik's drafting board is located, which today looks

needs to be an advancement in technology."

somewhat deserted. This is because the company has long since

Adding to the earlier partnership comment, product development

switched to creating everything digitally. His daughter-in-law

does not operate in a void: “We get most of our ideas from

Stephany and his son Andrew also help with this.

customers that need a solution to a process problem. It’s a

The order situation is currently so good that the company is

collaborative effort.”

desperately looking for new employees. However, like everywhere

He adds: “The fact is that after University, there were many

else in the world, the shortage of skilled workers is also a problem

opportunities in the Seattle area. But I chose to go out on my

in Seattle. The 2X increase came during the coronavirus pandemic.

own. We created a culture of product/process development,

He interprets it as follows: "After a drop in orders at the beginning

reliable products, customer service, and innovation. Even when

of the pandemic, many companies apparently took advantage

I cut back to a few days or a week, the team is in place to grow

of the shutdown, so that they renewed or modernized their

the company. Our customers expect great things from us. With

production facilities and needed new equipment, which then

our core team in place we are in good shape," says Erik happily.

came a year later – and that benefited us. We saw a huge increase

His 35-year-old son Andrew wears a few hats including building

in business from 2020-2021, and it’s still growing."

blockers, purchasing, and shipping. Together with a wellcoordinated team, they have been working together for years.

PROFILE: 1981: Company foundation 1982: First employee

As of this publishing, they addes two more empoyees who are working out well.

When Erik Larsen stands among all the machines in his work coat in his tool shop, he is very aware that they are

1982: First exhibition at CLMA

making a major contribution to helping millions of people

1982: First machine sold

achieve better vision every day with the development and

1995: First exhibition at EFCLIN

manufacture of his machines. "We are proud to be part of this industry and to work with companies that develop

1996: Move into current building

these excellent lens designs and ultimately ensure that it

Today: Hundreds of Customers on 6 continents

helps people of all ages to see better and certainly changes

GlobalCONTACT 1-24

28_Larsen_CompProfile.indd 31

many people’s lives."  31

16.04.24 10:25

FITTING BACKGROUND

State of the Art(ificial) Part 2: Understanding Soft Lens Design & Fitting Celebrating 50 years of EFCLIN, urges us to look back – but also gives us a good opportunity to look forward. Artificial intelligence (AI) is getting a lot of attention lately, almost to the point of becoming a fashion statement: everybody is into artificial intelligence, it seems. Several recent articles, including one by Hood et1 al and Huang et al2 in leading journals in our field show that big data and AI will become important within the field of eyecare too. This article looked at using optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of the retina to create a reference database for glaucoma detection; if you create databases with images of thousands of healthy eyes, it is not too difficult to see what is normal and what is not. The same has been successfully applied to detect diabetic retinopathy and ocular hypertension. It seems that (objective) technology can be better than (subjective) human beings at detecting anomalies. By Eef van der Worp & Bart van der Linden

How about our contact lens industry? Guess what? We are

ALIGNMENT

very much underway in the same direction, perhaps without

How do we best align a large lens made of a soft hydrophilic

always realising it. Look at myopia management (comparing

material with a more rigid surface (the anterior ocular shape)?

a myopic kid’s eyes to a database of age-matched controls) or

In part 1, we focused on using microns of height in our contact

at keratoconus detection (the indices marked in ‘red’ or ‘green’

lens industry to define both the lens and the surface. We can do

on the corneal topography map indicate whether a cornea is

the same for soft lenses: much of this comes from knowledge we

abnormal or not). But it’s not just with detection; in fitting

gained in the last decade or so about scleral lens fitting. In a way,

contact lenses, large databases can also be used to predict

fitting a soft lens is like fitting a scleral lens that is made out of

outcomes. Maybe not always to allow ‘self-learning’ yet – but

a highly flexible material. Many scleral lens trial sets are defined

that would be the logical next step. Let’s see where we are right

in microns of height, and changes in scleral lens fits are often

now in our industry, a state of the art(ificial) with regard to

defined as ‘x’ flatter or steeper in microns, with some using

contact lens fitting. In the first part, we looked at rigid corneal

tangent angles. And the amount of vault over the ocular surface

lenses, ortho-k and sclerals; in this article, we will focus solely

(the fluid reservoir thickness) centrally (typically 150-350) and

on soft lens fitting.

peripherally (20-100) are all marked in microns, and even the

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16.04.24 10:37

FITTING BACKGROUND

“IT ALSO MEANS THAT BASE CURVE VALUES ARE RELATIVE TERMS THAT SHOULD NOT BE USED AS ABSOLUTE VALUES IN CONTACT LENS PRACTICE.”

amount of ‘settling’ is set to about 50-100 microns. So, let’s use microns as the metric for defining the ocular surface shape first (the workbench) and then try to match what the soft contact lens values are (the tools) in sagittal height (CL-SAG, also in microns).

THE SOFT LENS WORKBENCH The soft lens workbench is obviously quite a bit larger than the corneal and ortho-k lens workbench. Typically, a soft lens is 14.2 mm in diameter on average. One could take that, the average lens diameter, as a reference point; or one could argue that as different lenses have different diameters, and a lens moves on

we also know that the standard deviation (marked with whiskers

the eye by about 0.2 mm or 0.3 mm (on either side), then the

in the graph in figure 1) is about 175 microns typically on average.

overall area where the soft lens lands on the eye is about 15 mm.

That means that 68% of eyes would be between the values of

This chord has been used traditionally in the past for scleral lens

roughly 3500 and 3900 microns. These would be our ‘normal

fitting purposes, at least to distinguish between ‘normal eyes’

eyes,’ and likely, most standard soft lenses would fit on these

and out-of-standard eyes as the main reference point.

normal eyes from an alignment point of view. Finding NEMOs

What we can see in the bar graph (figure 1) is that several small-size

(normal eyes measured ocular surfaces) may therefore be one

studies have looked at this – using the horizontal ocular sagittal

of our most important first goals when fitting soft lenses.

height (OC-SAG) over a 15 mm chord

3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14

. What is

interesting is that the absolute values among studies do not differ

TOOLS

much from a scientific standpoint, especially given that these

Previous calculations at Pacific University have found that

studies used different technology (anterior segment OCT,

about 68% to 78% of eyes can be fitted based on the known

Pentacam, profilometry and Medmont corneal topography

OC-SAG values compared to the CL-SAG values we currently

extrapolation). The mean OC-SAG value is around 3700 microns,

have. That means that roughly 25% of eyes would benefit from

and the maximum difference between the highest OC-SAG and

an ‘out-of-standard’ lens design.

the lowest OC-SAG in these 15 studies is no more than 202

What do we further know about our tools – the current lenses we

microns. Whether that is relevant in practice or not is a different

put on eyes? Studies at Pacific University report the CL-SAG values

question and is up for discussion.

of a cohort of lenses at 20 °C (room temperature), the temperature

So, assuming we can measure the anterior ocular surface one

that has been set by the ISO standards for lens parameters. More

way or the other, how can we find a lens that best aligns to that?

recent studies from Pacific University indicate, though, that a lens

We know roughly what the average eye looks like (an OC-SAG

shrinks on the eye (diameter and OC-SAG values get smaller)

of around 3700 microns over a horizontal 15 mm chord), and

when it goes from room temperature (the blister) to eye temperature

Horizontal OC-SAG 15mm Chord ORTIZ - CSP

3728

ROJAS - ESP

3653

DUTTA - MEDMONT

3596

KERN - CSP

3798

STORTELDER 2 - ESP

3678

U MONTREAL - MEDMONT

3741

U MONTREAL - ESP

3630

HARKNESS - MEDMONT

3732

HARKNESS - ESP

3680

HARKNESS - OCT

3728

STORTELDER - ESP

3650

GROENHOF - ESP

3755

RITZMANN - OCT

3740

VISIONCARE RESEARCH - OCT

3740

PACIFIC U - OCT

3735

U WATERLOO - OCT 3400

3740 3500

3600

3700

3800

3900

Fig. 1: OC-SAG studies over a 15 mm chord in the horizontal meridian (in microns with SD).

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FITTING BACKGROUND

Reusable Lenses 4,000 3,891

3,900 3,812

3,800 3,688

3,700

3,691

3,696

3,839

3,710

3,627 3,600

3,566

3,500 3,434 3,400

3,586

3,456

3,372

3,300 3,200 3,100

Pacific University CL-SAG Data (microns) – Optimec is830 – 20ºC

Fig. 2: Range of reusable CL-SAG values measured with the is830 (Optimec) at 20 °C (in microns with SD).

(34 °C).15 The amount is about 3% but varies with material (more

behave in a different manner on the eye. But this also means that

effect with high-water-content lenses). But let’s keep it ‘simple’ for

base curve values are relative terms that should not be used as

now and stick to the 20 °C values that we have.

absolute values in contact lens practice.

Looking at the graph showing reusable lenses in figure 2, we see a nice linear increase in CL-SAG values ‘to play with.’ (daily

DELTA-SAG

disposable and toric lens graphs are available too. For reusable

The factor that is unclear now is how much the CL-SAG value

lenses, these are the tools we have in our toolbox – eg, the total

needs to be altered compared to the OC-SAG to obtain a good

range from flattest (lowest CL-SAG) to deepest (highest CL-SAG)

lens fit, e.g. how big the ‘gap’ is between the ocular surface and

is about 500 microns. What we also see is that some 8.4 mm

the lens (which is called the delta-SAG). So, the new ‘fitting rule’

lenses (Air Optix Night & Day) have lower CL-SAG values

could be to take the OC-SAG and then add ‘x’. It is important to

compared to some 8.6 mm lenses (Air Optix Aqua). Normally

note, that this should be done over the chord of the diameter of

in clinical practice, an 8.6 is considered a flatter lens than an 8.4,

the lens. If the desired soft lens to be fitted is 14.2 mm in diameter,

but that is not represented by this data. This mostly has to do

that should be the default OC-SAG to work with. We assume

with the fact that the lens diameter is different of course, but

from previous studies that the lens must be somewhat ‘steeper’

other lenses with the same base curve and diameter can also

than the ocular surface to create mechanical pressure or ‘grip’

show major variations in CL-SAG values. This most likely has

of the lens on the slippery ocular surface (with gravity and eyelid

to do with differences in lens material that cause the lens to

forces present). By how much is difficult to say, as it appears to

Fig. 3: Differences in OC-SAG values measured with the Eaglet Eye ESP and with Visante OCT over a 15 mm chord in different meridians (in microns with SD and range). (images courtesy Javi Rojas) 34

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FITTING BACKGROUND

be dependent on several factors, including soft lens design, lens

better to measure the ocular surface in a 360° manner if we

thickness, manufacturing method, edge lift and material properties

want to match the OC-SAG values directly with CL-SAG values.

such as modulus and water content but also surface treatment,

In addition, it would be better to use the 34 °C values (earlier

etc. It appears that there is not one delta-SAG value, but it varies

referred to in this article) than the 20 °C values to have the most

per lens and certainly seems to vary with lens manufacturing

accurate lens data to match that of the eye.

method (lathe-cut versus moulded lenses). Possibly, the first method (lathe-cut) requires a different delta-SAG value compared

ONE STEP UP

to moulded lenses, as a general rule – as the material used for

The next step in the ‘AI’ or ‘big data’ process for soft lenses is to

moulded lenses is different from that of lathe-cut lenses, and

plot the OC-SAG values of normal eyes against the CL-SAG

differences in surface characteristics may be present as well.

values, as we have done in figure 4. OC-SAG values over a 15 mm

What also plays a role is that the horizontal OC-SAG value alone

chord are presented on the y-axis on the right-side. To match

is not enough if we want to match this with the CL-SAG directly.

the 15 mm chord data of the eye, the lenses were ‘converted’

Rojas et al. recently showed that if we only measure the horizontal

from their habitual diameter to 15 mm (using an average tangent

(H) OC-SAG, the absolute differences with the vertical meridian

angle of the normal eye). The distribution of the ‘normal eye’

over a 15 mm chord with profilometry and with OCT are,

Gaussian curve (shown on the top left) is spread out across the

respectively, 103±92 microns and 109±79 microns (see figure

graph. When standard commercially available lenses come in

3). If the H OC-SAG is compared to the mean 360° value (all

two base curves (in the old terminology) and we add them to

meridians together), the difference is smaller (58±52 microns

the graph, assuming that they will cover the ‘normal eye’ data,

with profilometry, 79±47 microns with OCT). To complete this

we can see that most lens types are very similar to each other.

story, the maximum difference in any meridian on the ocular

The white ovals can presumably represent the clinical application

surface, for comparison, is 171±90 microns with profilometry

range. In other words: this would be the area where these standard

and 227±74 microns with OCT. This means we are making a

lenses match standard eyes. Outside of this, it is the assumption

small ‘error’ if we measure one meridian alone; it would be

that specialty lenses are needed; most likely this is the case for Advertisement

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11.03.24 10:37 11:17 16.04.24

FITTING BACKGROUND

68% of population 27% of population 4% of population

Acuvue Vita Auvue Oasys Proclear AirOptix N&D Top bel curve

Fig 4: CL-SAG values of a selection of commercially available lenses with two base curves plotted against OC-SAG values over a 15mm chord (distribution of the ‘normal eye’ Gaussian curve). The white ovals represent the theoretical clinical application range.

the 27% and 4% zones (respectively more than one and two

manufacturing method. In fact, currently there are many

standard deviations outside the ‘normal.’)

unknown factors that we need to resolve to come up with a

What all this shows, again, is that standard commercially

‘fixed number’ for the delta-SAG. The process of optimizing

available soft lenses have consistently found their position in

that is referred to as Finding DORY: 'Depth of Optimized

the ‘normal range’ arena, covering the ‘top of the bell-curve.’

Reservoir Yieldage (in microns).

These may be the first lenses of choice (especially since they

But if this interaction can be controlled, then we can create the

can be made in high-volume, cast-moulded and frequent-

most optimal lens in terms of clinical impact and corneal

replacement modalities). But this also means that non-standard

physiological outcome. A recent study out of The Ohio State

eyes require an out-of-standard lens. From the data we have

University in the US, which will be presented at ARVO in Seattle,

on ocular surface shape (and from scleral lens fitting and

shows that lenses that fit ‘tighter,’ defined by having a higher

design), it appears that adapting a tangent angle approach for

delta-SAG (flatter ocular surfaces with standard soft lenses),

the lens to ‘land’ on the ocular surface, and optimizing the

show more corneal infiltrative events (CIEs), which are a result

lens by both altering the tangent angle and the sagittal height

of minor corneal inflammation. The theme of the 2024 ARVO

of the lens, would be our best option to create a ‘custom-made’

meeting is ‘vision for the future,’ a theme that nicely applies to

device that aligns best with the ocular surface – almost

our contact lens industry and the topic of this article.

mimicking fitting a scleral lens with a soft material. One major

In addition, better centration and more control over lens flexure

issue previously had been that these lenses were limited in both

on the eye may result in better visual performance of the lens.

material and replacement frequency.

This is even more so the case for the more challenging or ‘out-

But now it is possible to make these lenses in silicone hydrogel

of-standard’ eyes. Here, out-of-standard or custom-made lenses

materials (if desired) and in an up to monthly replaceable modality.

can make a major difference. In other words, there is much to

Hundreds of back surfaces can be produced to match out-of-

gain in optimizing soft lens fitting and knowing when to divert

standard eyes. In that sense, the future of a fully customized soft

from standard lenses in eyes that are on the left and right sides

lens is already here for eyes that are out-of-standard.

of the bell-curve of normal eyes. It may therefore be time for the revival of soft lens customization, using new terminology and

IN CLOSING

improved fitting techniques, the latest technology and

Soft lens fitting is all about the interaction between two surfaces:

sophisticated software. Truly, (a) vision for the future.

the posterior side of the lens and the anterior ocular surface. The back side of the lens, which is flexible to some degree, needs to

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

conform to the shape of the ocular surface. It begins with the

Special thanks to Mari Fujimoto, Beth Kinoshita, Matthew

latter: by defining and ‘finding the normal eye,’ for which standard

Lampa, Patrick Caroline from the Pacific University College

soft lenses are often the best option. To obtain an optimal outcome

of Optometry Research Group in Oregon (US) and Ben Coldrick

with these standard lenses, we speculate that the CL-SAG value

from Optimec Ltd (UK) from the data provided on the CL-SAG

has to be somewhat higher than the OC-SAG by an unknown

values and to Javi Rojas for permission to reshare his work on

factor that is dependent on lens material and supposedly on

OC-SAG values in different meridians. n

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FITTING BACKGROUND

References 1 Hood DC, Durbin M, Lee C, Gomide G, La Bruna S, Chaglasian M, Tsamis E. Toward a Real-world Optical Coherence Tomography Reference Database: Optometric Practices as a Source of Healthy Eyes. Optom Vis Sci. 2023 Aug 1;100(8):499-506. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000002049. Epub 2023 Jul 27. PMID: 37499165.

2 Huang AS, Hirabayashi K, Barna L, Parikh D, Pasquale LR. Assessment of a Large Language Model's Responses to Questions and Cases About Glaucoma and Retina Management. JAMA Ophthalmol.

2024 Feb 22:e236917.

3 Sorbara L, Maram J, Fonn D, Woods C, Simpson T. Metrics of the normal cornea: anterior segment imaging with the Visante OCT. Clin Exp Optom. 2010; 93:150-6. (n=40).

4 Achong-Coan R, Caroline PJ, Kinoshita B, Copilevitz L, Lampa M, Kojima R, Andre M (2012) How do normal and keratoconic eyes differ in shape? Poster GSLS; January 26-29, Las Vegas, USA. (n=55)..

5 Hall LA, Hunt C, Young G, Wolffsohn J. Factors affecting corneoscleral topography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013; 54:3691-701. (n=50).

6 Ritzmann M, Caroline PJ, Börret R, Korszen E. An analysis of anterior scleral shape and its role in the design and fitting of scleral contact lenses. Cont Lens Anterior Eye. 2018 Apr;41(2):205-213. (n=39).

7 Van der Worp E, Hulscher. Speed Date – CL-SAG meets OC-SAG: part I. Global Contact. 2015; No.68(2), 34-5. (n=86).

8 Van der Worp E. Reaching for the Stars. Global Contact. 2017; No.70(2), 30-2. (n=214).

9 Harkness, Ritzmann, Caroline, Kojima, Hayes. Comparison of Sagittal Height Measurement Methods and Predicting Central Clearance for Scleral Contact Lenses. Master thesis, Pacific University 2015. (n=52).

10 Michaud L, Tremblay C, Grégoire S, van der Worp E, Wolffsohn J, Mertz C. Relationship between Ocular Sagittal Height and Soft Contact Lens Sagittal Depth to Improve Fitting and Comfort.

Poster American Academy Optometry, Chicago - Oct 2017. (n=14).

11 Kern D. Pentacam CSP data., average OC-SAG data between flat and steep meridian. Oculus (Germany). 2018. Data on file. (n=32).

12 Dutta D, Amankwah C, Almasyabi J. Aston University Birmingham (UK) study. Medmont OC-SAG H 15mm chord. 2024. Data on file. (n=147).

13 Rojas J, van der Worp E, Piñero D. OC-SAG values in 360 degrees. Poster Global Specialty Lens Symposium 2024, Las Vegas (USA). (n=50).

14 Ortiz-Peregrina, Cruz-Crespo JJ, García-Gamero A, Rodríguez-Farfach F, Bolívar-Parra J, Ghinea R. Changing the paradigm of soft contact lens fitting: a sagittal height-based approach. Stydy at University of Granada, Department of Optics, Faculty of Sciences, Grenada (Spain). Presented at Coopervision Optistudents Awards, Budapest 2023. (n=92).

15 Fujimoto, Van der Worp, Kinoshita, Lampa, Coldrick, Caroline - Variation in daily disposable soft contact lens sagittal depth and other lens parameters at room and on-eye temperature.

16 Rojas, van der Worp, Piñero – To analyze the differences of ocular sagittal height values (OC-SAG) in different meridians and in the 360 degrees. Global Specialty Lens Symposium (poster).

Eef van der Worp, BOptom, PhD, FAAO, FIACLE, FBCLA, FSLS is an educator and researcher. He received his optometry degree from the Hogeschool van Utrecht in the Netherlands (NL) and has served as a head of the contact lens department at the school for over eight years. He received his PhD from the University of Maastricht (NL) in 2008.

He is a fellow of the AAO, IACLE, BCLA and the SLS. He is currently adjunct Professor at the University of Montreal University College of Optometry (CA) and adjunct assistant Professor at Pacific University College of Optometry (Oregon, USA). He lectures extensively worldwide and is a guest lecturer at a number of Universities in the US and Europe.

Bart van der Linden, MSc PhD, is managing director / CEO of Menicon, the Netherlands (NL). He received his PhD in biomechanical engineering at the University of Twente (NL).

Bart started his career at Menicon (formerly known as NKL) 25 years ago as product and process engineer for the development of made to order contact lenses and the process of manufacturing and the software supported fitting of lenses. He has developed several GP, made-to-order (MTO) soft, and scleral lens designs or under his management, creating a full portfolio of MTO lenses for the Menicon group globally. Since 2012 he is (technical) managing director.

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FITTING BACKGROUND

Enhancing the comfort The importance of contact lens characterization Why do wearers consider "soft" contact lenses (CLs) more comfortable than the "rigid" gas permeable (RGP) alternative?

Thus, what does "comfort" mean from a scientific point of view? In this short article, we aim to emphasize the significance of meticulously characterizing and monitoring the physical parameters of CL materials to enhance the comfort during their wear. By Daniele Costa, Mariafrancesca Cascione, Valeria De Matteis, Maurizio Martino and Giancarlo Montani.

In the present era, rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lenses

THE CORNEA MUST BREATHE! (OXYGEN PERMEABILITY)

(CLs) account for only 10% of the CLs market, which is instead

One of the earliest challenges encountered in the development

predominantly covered by soft CLs1. The strengths of soft CLs

of CL materials is oxygen permeability. This is crucial physical

reside in their biocompatibility with the ocular environment,

parameter for monitoring the amount of oxygen reaching the

outstanding optical transparency, and hydrophilicity.2

cornea through the CL from the surrounding atmosphere. The

The hydrophilicity of a CL plays a crucial role in maintaining the

governing physical law for the diffusion process is the Fick’s law,

pre-lens stability of the tear film, which is essential for proper

and oxygen flow through CLs is typically quantified by the

hydration and lubrication. Instability of tear film, and decreased

product of the diffusion coefficient (D) and the material solubility

drainage of protein or lipid often result in inadequate cleansing,

(k), i.e., Dk-. This value can be quantified by using the coulometric

immune reaction and heightened friction between the eyelid and

or the polarographic method. In the first one, two chambers

CL surface, resulting in irritation and discomfort for the users3.

filled with oxygen and nitrogen respectively are separated by a

As evident, every physical property of a CL material is

CL; the amount of oxygen that can diffuse through the CLs is

interconnected, influencing the overall comfort experienced

detected in correspondence with the nitrogen-chamber. In the

during wear. A comprehensive physico-chemical characterization

polarographic method, the CL is positioned on a polarographic

of the different materials is paramount to guarantee a

cell (Fig. 1); each oxygen atom passing through the lens is detected

comfortable and fully functional product for consumers.

by an electric current generated through an electrochemical

Part of the research done in CeRCA Lab, located at the

process between two electrodes located on the cell surface.

Department of Mathematics and Physics “E. De Giorgi” at the

At the CERCA lab, the detection of the oxygen permeability

University of Salento (Italy, LE), is on characterization

of CLs can be conducted by using a 201T Permeometer, composed

techniques to understand the physico-chemical behaviour both

of a Rehder SSTS cell and a Polarographic Dk cell from Createch

of soft and rigid gas-permeable CLs. The aim of this article is

Rehder Development Company.

to give an introduction on most used techniques indicated to characterize some of properties of contact lens materials.

BETTER IF HYDROPHILIC (WETTABILITY) When a liquid droplet falls onto a solid surface, it can either spread and wet the surface or maintain a spheric shape in equilibrium.

The former behaviour is characteristic of hydrophilic surfaces, while the latter occurs on hydrophobic surfaces. In scientific terms, this phenomenon is referred to as the wettability of a surface and, from the physico-chemical point of view, it involves cohesion forces between liquid-liquid atoms and adhesion forces between solid-liquid atoms. Experimentally, the surface attitude to be wetted by a liquid can be determined by measuring the contact angle (CA), namely, the angle formed between the solid surface and the tangent to the liquid droplet at the three-phase contact point, where air, liquid, and solid phases coexist. In general, a material is considered hydrophilic if CA < 90° (e.g. paper or glass), and hydrophobic if CA > 90°, (e.g. polyethylene terephthalate (TEFLON)), and superhydrophobic if CA > 150° (e.g. lotus leaf).

The sessile drop method, involving the deposition of a liquid

Fig. 1: Polarographic cell used for oxygen permeability evaluation (Dk) of contact lenses (CERCA, University of Salento, Italy). Pictures: CERCA Lab

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droplet on the surface of interest to measure the CA through optical images recorded by means of optical tensiometers1, is GlobalCONTACT 1-24

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FITTING BACKGROUND

Fig. 2: Optical tensiometer (left) (CERCA, University of Salento, Italy) and image analysis in a captive bubble measurement process (right).

the most widely used approach to evaluate the CA on a surface

lid wiper) and the anterior CL surface3. Recent studies have

(see Fig. 2, left). Conversely, the captive bubble technique is

identified high CoF values as a significant factor leading to

more suitable for evaluating CA in high hydrophilic materials

discomfort in CL users, commonly referred in scientific

like hydrogels-based CLs. It entails depositing an air bubble on

literature as Contact Lens Discomfort (CLD). Presently, there

a surface placed upside down under complete immersion in

are no standardized assessments for CL friction, and published

standard liquid (see Fig. 2, right). In this case, the measured

values vary over three orders of magnitude (see Fig. 3, left).

angle must be subtracted from the straight angle (180°) to obtain

The scientific community is still debating whether the analysis

the CA for the surface of interest.

should be conducted at high sliding speeds, comparable to

Generally, hydrophilic CLs surfaces facilitate better tear film

those encountered during blinking movements, or at low

spreading, leading to effective lubrication during the blinking

speeds to establish an upper limit in friction values specific

process. On the other hand, hydrophobic CLs surfaces tend to

to a particular CL.

dry more quickly.

T he C eRCA laborator y is equ ipped w it h a N T R 3

The CeRCA laboratory is equipped with the Theta Lite Optical

Nanotribometer from Anton Paar (see Fig. 3, right), an

tensiometer from Biolin Scientific, which is capable of detecting

instrument that enables the measurement of CoF at extremely

the contact angle and surface free energy.

low sliding speeds (on the order of 100µm/s) in both air and liquid conditions.

BLINKING DISCOMFORT (COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION) The challenge of moving one surface over another is directly

ROLE OF NANOMETRIC FEATURE ON THE CL SURFACE

associated with friction, a force that resists such movement.

What is the structure of a CL at the nanometric scale? What

The coefficient of friction (CoF) quantifies the difficulty of this

kind of implication does it have on discomfort?

movement for the same applied forces: a higher CoF indicates

Advancements in CLs materials remain a crucial focus, as the

greater difficulty and wear on the involved surfaces. In our

effectiveness and comfort of this devices are inherently related

case of interest, in ocular environment, the two involved

to surface structure of the material used. The roughness parameter

surfaces during a blink are the inner eyelid (in particular the

plays a key role, in fact a smooth surface is imperative for the

Fig. 3: Literature data of coefficient of friction (CoF) for several soft contact lens materials range over three orders of magnitude (left) 3; nanotribometer at the CERCA research centre (University of Salento, Italy) (right); sample holder filled with liquid (inset).

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FITTING BACKGROUND

Fig. 4: Topography of a contact lens performed by an Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) at the CERCA laboratory (left); roughness analysis in terms of root mean square (Rq) of the same contact lens (centre) and photo of the XE70 AFM (right).

optical quality of a contact lens, as minimized scattered light

ELASTIC OR RIGID? (YOUNG’S MODULUS)

enhances the performance of the optical system. Furthermore,

Mechanical analysis of a material involves subjecting a material

surface roughness must be taken into account, as deposits are

to stress forces under compression, tension, and shear tests. The

more prone to form on imperfections of the lens surface. Studies

elastic behaviour allows scientists to evaluate handling and

have demonstrated that higher surface roughness increases the

durability of a CL. Tensile analysis produce a stress/strain curve

risk of biofilm development on the CL surfaces, and the transfer

(see Fig. 5, left), which shows the resistance of a material to a

of bacteria from a CL is influenced by the roughness (and

deformation (strain) caused by a force (stress). A useful parameter

hydrophobicity).

is the Young’s modulus (Y), slope of the stress/strain curve in the

The Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) consists of a sharp tip

linear region of the diagram. The maximum elongation is another

(probe) with a radius in the order of nanometers fixed to a free

useful parameter extractable from this kind of analysis, showing

end of an elastic cantilever. When the tip scans the material, the

the maximum stress that can be sustained by the device before

cantilever deflection changes according to Hooke's law in response

encountering a breakup5. Moreover, the resistance of a CL under

to Van der Walls potential (that consider the repulsion or adhesion

stress changes if it is fully wetted by the tear film or in dry

forces between the probe and the material surface). Fine detection

conditions. The mechanical tensiometer installed at the CeRCA

performed by a laser beam of the cantilever deflection provides

laboratory, Univert Test Device from World Precision Instruments,

topography and roughness information (see Fig. 4). The CeRCA

allows to detect the Young’s modulus and perform compression

laboratory is equipped with the XE70 Park AFM (see Fig. 4 right).

tests in liquid environment, also maintaining temperatures like those in the ocular environment.

Fig. 5: Experimental stress vs strain curve of a contact lens (left); mechanical tensiometer at the CERCA research centre (University of Salento, Italy) (right) 40

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FITTING BACKGROUND

CONCLUSIONS Every physico-chemical aspect of contact lens materials plays an important role on contact lens performance. We have highlighted the main subset physical key parameters that prove valuable in

Maurizio Martino, Full professor of matter physics at the department of mathematics and physics University of Salento Lecce – Italy. He is the coordinator of the degree in optics and optometry at the University of Salento and the director of CERCA. He works on nanotechnology, laser induced nanostructures, radioprotection and optometry.

the experimental performance evaluation of CLs. A comprehensive understanding can only be achieved by employing different characterization techniques, each of equal significance. This is the mission of our research centre. n

Daniele Costa, PhD student in "physics and nanoscience" at University of Salento (Italy). He got his master’s degree in “nanotechnologies, matter Physics and applicated Physics” at University of Salento in April 2022 cum laude. His doctoral work regards the realization and characterization of bio-nanocomposite polymers and physical characterization of contact lenses.

Valeria De Matteis, Researcher in matter physics and biophysics at the department of mathematics and physics at the University of Salento, Lecce, Italy. Her research interests are: (i) synthesis of plasmonic nanomaterials, (ii) nanotoxicity; (iii) physico-chemical assessment of nanocomposite biomaterials. In addition, she collaborates in experimental activities performed at CERCA. CERCA Lab (Advanced contact lens research centre) at the University of Salento, Lecce, Italy

Mariafrancesca Cascione, Researcher in matter physics and biophysics at the department of mathematics and physics at the University of Salento, Lecce, Italy. Her research interests are: (i) cytomechanics and mechanobiology; (ii) nanocytotoxicity; (iii) physical characterization of nanocomposite biomaterials. In addition, she coordinated the experimental activities performed at CERCA.

Giancarlo Montani has been involved in optometry education since 1988, he has been department head of the contact lens division at the Santa Chiara University Medical Centre in Pisa, Italy, until 2004. In 2007 Professor Giancarlo Montani has cofounded CERCA with Maurizio Martino.

Giancarlo Montani also works in private practice. He has published numerous articles in optometric journals and has been invited as lecturer to several national and international optometry congresses.

Giancarlo.montani@unisalento.it The references are available on request from the editorial office.

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The UPC nano is the most economic and compact machine, with on-board freeform capabilities and an optional laser engraver, for manufacturing high-quality specialty contact lenses ready for polishing with minimal lens production costs. It allows highest lens design ranges and best cycle times.

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26.02.2024 17:09:19 16.04.24 16:59 10:32 28.02.24

FITTING BACKGROUND

Innovative contact lens cleaning Smart solution for contact lens wearers Efficient contact lens care for soft contact lenses is particularly important for long-term and safe contact lens wear. There are various contact lens care products on the market for this purpose. At the last Opti Munich 2024, a start-up presented a completely new system that not only simplifies contact lens care, but also manages the amount of care product used sustainably. An all-in-one care product is used here.

According to Future Market Insights1, the global contact lens

box, users can care for and store their lenses at the touch of a

cleaning solutions market is expected to grow at a CAGR of

button, making lens care simple, hygienic and stylish.

4.3% from 2024 to 2034, reaching US$ 2.78 billion by 2034.

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Despite the increasing popularity of contact lenses, many users

FROM FRUSTRATION TO INNOVATION: THE ORIGIN STORY

still face challenges in properly caring for their lenses, such as

The development of this system was triggered by the personal

the risk of infection, the hassle of carrying multiple products

frustration of one of the founders, Dr. Cornelius Doniga. He

and the waste of excess cleaning solution. The intelligent contact

was looking for a way to simplify his lens care and avoid the

lens care system combines two products in one: an innovative

inconvenience of conventional products. He teamed up with

lens container and a replaceable liquid cartridge, both connected

his friend and co-founder Peter Bruhn, an expert in marketing

by a pump mechanism. With this fully automated cleaning

and technology. Inspired by the Nespresso model of coffee GlobalCONTACT 1-24

09.04.24 23:55

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FITTING BACKGROUND

capsules, together they developed the concept of the Lenzbox.

After four years of intensive research and development in collaboration with renowned scientists, ophthalmologists and contact lens manufacturers, the new system was launched on the market as a patented and certified medical product at the end of 2023. It is manufactured entirely in Germany.

CONVENIENCE AT THE TOUCH OF A BUTTON One of the main advantages of the new system that sets it apart from other lens care products is its convenience. The user only needs one product to clean and store the contact lenses at the

Peter Bruhn (l.) and Cornelius Doniga (r.), Photo: Lenzbox

touch of a button. The liquid cartridge provides up to 30 uses and can be replaced easily. In addition, the product is compact, making it ideal for traveling and daily use.

REDEFINING HYGIENE AND COMFORT

The new contact lens care product ensures hygiene and safety

Failure to follow recommended hygiene practices when wearing

for users. For example, the risk of lens contamination and

contact lenses is often considered a significant risk factor for,

subsequent infection is reduced as the lenses are touched less

for example, microbial keratitis and adverse effects associated

frequently with the fingers. The pump mechanism dispenses

with contact lenses. According to a study2, only 32% of users

the optimum amount of solution into the lens chamber,

follow the care instructions properly. As Yee et al.3 point out,

preventing waste and spillage. In addition, the closed circuit

poor hand washing increases the risk of contact lens-associated

system prevents dirt and dust from entering the product. This

infection by 4.5 times4, and up to 50% of contact lens wearers

keeps it clean and safe.

do not wash their hands5. Lenzbox addresses this problem and can tap into this lucrative market by offering a product that improves the user experience, satisfaction and hygiene.

For more information, the website is available and updates can THE PUMP MECHANISM

be followed via social media. www.lenzbox.com n DISPENSES THE OPTIMAL AMOUNT OF SOLUTION INTO THE LENS CHAMBER, PREVENTING WASTE AND SPILLAGE. References 1 https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/reports/contact-lens-solution-market 2 https://journals.lww.com/claojournal/abstract/2010/11000/ patient_compliance_during_contact_lens_wear_.4.aspx 3 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1367048421000321 4 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1367048411001032 5 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1367048418308634

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09.04.24 10:16 23:55 20.02.24

MANUFACTURING

Comparing bladder polishing systems – with traditional polishing systems In lens manufacturing, choosing between a hollow bladder or solid elastic polishing tool can make a difference. This text explores their differences by comparing them to pneumatic versus solid rubber tires. The hollow bladder polisher evenly distributes force, maintaining toric geometry without creating "hard spots", making it superior for polishing complex surfaces. In contrast, the solid rubber polisher tends to remove more material at steep meridians, risking lens rejection. It also requires multiple tools for different base curves and an extra polishing step, increasing error potential. The bladder system, supported by a counter-rotating lens spindle and machine-guided path, polishes all back surface geometries efficiently, requiring only one tool size for various lenses, thus eliminating operator skill as a variable and significantly reducing polishing time. By Erik Larsen

R

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(BC)

A

B

CONVENTIONAL BASE CURVE POLISHING SYSTEM

BLADDER POLISHING SYSTEM

I have had lens technicians ask what is better for polishing base

Assembling the bladder on the mount traps air or water between

curves (BC): hollow bladder or solid elastic polishing tool. Here

the mount and the bladder. This causes a slight positive pressure

is an analysis of the two types of polishing tool:

under the bladder. If you are polishing a 7.50 mm radius BC

First, let’s look at pneumatic tires on cars and solid rubber tires

with a 5.50 mm radius bladder, the bladder conforms to the

that are typical on warehouse mobile machinery such as forklifts.

BC achieving a contact area proportional to the internal pressure

These are analogous to hollow bladders and solid elastic (rubber)

between the bladder and the polishing tool. The force is constant

polishing tools.

across the contact area. When you are polishing a toric surface

A tire is inflated with air to a certain pressure, say 30 pounds

for example, with a 5.50 mm radius bladder, the bladder

per square inch (PSI) (2.5 bar). The air pressure (force per area)

conforms to the BC. There are no “hard spots” which means

supports the weight of the vehicle. If the vehicle is 2000 kg,

the bladder exerts equal polishing action across the entire

then each tire supports 500 kg. The tire conforms the surface

surface including the peripheral curve(s). You can expect to

of the road. The force is evenly distributed equally over the

maintain the toric geometry.

contact area. The contact area multiplied by the pressure equals

The solid rubber polishing system, however, works differently.

the weight on the tire (500 kg).

Due to the peak force at maximum deformation, the tool tends

A solid rubber tire is elastic. The more you deform the rubber,

to remove more material at the steep meridian. This flattens

the higher the force is on the rubber contacting a flat surface.

the meridian resulting in an out of specification rejected lens.

The contact force is zero at the edge of the contact area. It

If you are polishing for example for 20 seconds, you will see a

increases to a peak at the center. The deformation of the rubber

flattening of the steep meridians. If you polish for 5 seconds,

by the flat surface generates the support. If there is 500 kg of

probably not. This is an example of why you are better off using

weight on the tire, the force that peaked at the center is averaged

the bladder polisher on a toric lens.

over the contact area. For a typical solid rubber tire the peak

You may need ten rubber polishing tools in .5 mm radius

force is around 70 PSI (5 bar).

increments to polish all your base curves. This requires the lab

O

▪U

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▪E c

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MANUFACTURING

tech to select the correct tool size to avoid ruining the lens.

the bladder is presented to the entire back surface. There is no

Also, since the solid rubber polishing tool is spherical, it only

need to match the bladder radius to the BC. For example, a

polishes the optic zone of the back surface. You need a secondary

typical set up uses a 5.50 mm radius bladder on a nominal

polishing process to completely polish the back surface out to

7.50 mm radius BC including free-form geometries. From the

the edge. This process is an additional step and has potential

action of the machine, the entire back surface is polished. All

for operator error.

the lens geometries will be polished by a single bladder during the entire work shift. With this system the outcome is not

ADVANTAGES OF THE BLADDER POLISHING SYSTEM

determined by the skill of the operator.

The bladder system polishes any back surface geometry. There

Polishing times of 5-10 seconds are typical with the bladder

are three elements to the bladder polishing system:

polishing system on surfaces turned on a CNC air-bearing

1. The conforming bladder.

lathe. Most of the industry uses this polishing system. A single

2. The counter-rotating lens spindle.

one spindle machine can polish lenses turned by many lathes

3. The machine determines the path that the back surface travels

at a combined rate of at least 500 lenses per shift. n

across the bladder.

Element 1 is explained in the article.

Element 2 provides an aggressive polishing action to minimize polish time.

Element 3 provides the support and guidance to the back surface to keep it engaged with the bladder.

Erik Larsen graduated from the University of Washington with a mechanical engineering degree in 1981 and started Larsen Equipment Design later that year. Erik Larsen has industry awards from CLMA and EFCLIN.

The arcing motion of the bladder polishing machine guides the back surface through a flatter radius than the BC so that

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44_Larsen !AZ.indd 8Article.indd 45

16.04.24 20.03.23 10:45 12:46

HISTORY

A historic therapeutic contact lens Series on the Roth Collection Contact lenses are not only a valuable visual aid, they were also used soon after their invention as a bandage and, following the successful synthesis of water-retaining plastics, as a drug carrier on the eye.

Their ability to compensate for irregular corneal astigmatism was recognized as early as the first fitting attempts at the end of the 19th century. Their orthokeratological effect, comparable then to a corsage, y Hans-Walter Roth was also able to help stop keratoconus or to smooth out a corneal scar. B

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As part of the first, mostly experimental adaptations, the

spherical shape enabled optimum visual acuity, whereas

possibility of exerting slight pressure on the cornea while

irregular astigmatism led to image distortion.

wearing them was discovered towards the end of the 19th

It was discovered that a glass scleral lens up to 20 mm in size

century. This could be used to eliminate a superficial defect in

at the time was suitable for smoothing a pathologically deformed

the cornea. Even before the first slit lamp or ophthalmometer

corneal surface and thus optimizing visual acuity, but that this

was constructed, it was known that only a cornea with a central

effect disappeared again within a few hours when the lens was GlobalCONTACT 1-24

08.04.24 16:16

!AZ.ind

HISTORY

removed from the eye. All so-called orthokeratologic properties

not certain, but it probably dates from around 1930. A total of

proved to be only temporary in the long term. Prolonged lens

three rows of staggered perforations, each with a diameter of

wear was therefore necessary to achieve the therapeutic effect.

0.3 mm, improved oxygen saturation at the cornea.

This was problematic because the wearing time of the first

From 1964 onwards, it was possible to dispense with such

contact lenses was considerably limited. If they were on the

perforations in the contact lens, the soft lens plastic allowed

eye for several hours, there was a lack of oxygen in the tear

an almost unlimited wearing time due to its better oxygen

lens. The onset of anaerobic glycolysis led to the accumulation

permeability and the now successful reduction in center

of metabolic end products such as lactic acid in the tear. The

thickness made the contact lens a suitable bandage. The soft

consequences were pronounced corneal edema and irritation

hydrophilic contact lens in particular can now be used as a

of the anterior segments of the eye, increased lacrimation,

bandage in the event of a corneal injury. Another property of

reduced visual acuity and increased sensitivity to glare. The

modern lens resins is their storage behavior, which means that

only solution now was either to reduce the size of the lens or

the lenses are also suitable as medication carriers.

to adapt its design more optimally to the corneal surface by

Perforated scleral lenses are now only fitted in special cases.

means of aspherical inner curves. It was also necessary to

The lens shown here is undoubtedly one of the very first contact

optimize the oxygen permeability of the material. However,

lenses for therapeutic use. It comes from the practice of a

this required decades of further development.

colleague who has passed away in the meantime; he had kept it carefully for many years for possible reuse. n

DRILLING THE PERFECT PERFORATIONS It was therefore ingenious to simply drill through the lens in order to optimize tear convection. This was difficult to achieve with glass lenses. It was much easier later with the rigid lens material, PMMA. A hard metal drill from dentistry was used to drill through the transition zone of the lenses and deburr the holes. But the diameter of the perforations also had to be right: if they were too small, they became clogged with mucus and cell detritus from the tear fluid; if they were too large, the fit of the lens became unstable and it slipped or even fell off the eye.

The 14 mm lens shown here is one such therapeutic lens from

Dr. Hans-Walter Roth, Ophthalmologist and Director of the Contact Lens Research Institute in Ulm, Germany, is the author of numerous publications and books on the physiology of the contact lens and the history of eyesight. He is a city councilor of the city of Ulm, specializing in education, social affairs, art and culture. He is also the founder of the Ulm Hospital for the Poor.

the early days of contactology. Its exact date of manufacture is

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!AZ.indd 6 46_Roth.indd 47

30.05.23 16:16 14:16 08.04.24

BUSINESS+MARKETING

Chat GPT and other AI – a new language for the industry An interview with CSEM machine learning expert Philipp Schmid Since the free launch of the ChatGPT chatbot in 2022, artificial intelligence (AI) has undeniably become a hot topic. More than 50% of ChatGPT users reveal that they utilize AI in their personal lives to streamline daily tasks. With such widespread consumer interest in AI, it prompts a natural inquiry into the current role of AI in the industrial landscape. Philipp Schmid, Head of Industry 4.0 and Machine Learning at CSEM, an internationally recognized Swiss technology innovation center, provides insights in the following interview. Schmid addresses, among other topics, the general significance of AI in the industry, the untapped potential of predictive maintenance and why the industry would do well to rethink its handling and attitude toward data. T he following interview was first published at netzwoche.ch

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BUSINESS+MARKETING

What benefit does ChatGPT bring to the industry?

GPT stands for “generative pretrained transformer”. Generative means something new is created (a matching response in the case of ChatGPT). This property of neural networks has been used in the image domain for a few years now also for industrial applications, be it via AI-assisted image rendering functions or as deepfake to generate training data for improved classification. Transformers are a special architecture of neural networks, which were first introduced back in 2017. Text is comparable to sensor data from a machine: it needs an understanding of the current situation and there is a temporal dependency, similar to the thread of a story. This makes these powerful transformer algorithms suitable for typical industrial problems like predictive maintenance/quality or process optimization.

What has happened in data analytics in the last five years?

These technologies are about extracting insights from data to identify trends and solve problems. It involves all the processes, tools and techniques used for this purpose, including collecting and storing the data. In order to successfully implement data analytics solutions in industry, three critical success factors are needed: annotated data (data that has been manually labeled by experts), algorithms (suitable neural networks) and (affordable) computing power. In all three areas, we have made tremendous progress in the last five years. Thanks to modern machine controllers and powerful databases, it has never been easier to store vast amounts of data. AI-powered annotation tools help human experts with the tedious labeling process.

New algorithms like transformers have made it into programmers' standard libraries. And thanks to gamers and crypto miners, GPUs (graphics cards) have become extremely powerful and at the same time attractively priced today. The combination of these three developments means that there is now a large number of industrial applications that were too expensive or not performant enough five years ago.

ChatGPT and other AIs have recently caused a furor in virtually all professions where people write, program or design. How much dust are these supposedly general-purpose AIs stirring up in the industry?

In your opinion, how well are Swiss companies already digitally positioned?

The general-purpose AIs are kicking up an enormous amount

simple assembly machines without any sensors to highly

of dust. But unlike 2016, this time I am convinced: it will also

integrated fully automatic machines that store millions of data

have a strong direct economic impact in the industry. The

points every day. However, all these data are rarely processed

situation is comparable to the big AI hype in 2016, when

and used. In general, I would give Swiss industry a rather poor

AlphaGo beat South Korean Lee Sedol, one of the world's best

report card in the area of digitization.

My daily experience in industry shows a wide spectrum: from

professional players, in the board game Go. Go is considered the most complex board game. Suddenly, AI

What is the reason for that?

was on every­one's lips and everyone did not want to miss out

I attribute a key factor to the restrained pragmatism exhibited

under any circumstances. However, thanks to ChatGPT, this

by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). While this

time AI is not an impressive opponent, but is experienced in

approach shields companies from unnecessary expenses, it

a simple way for everyone.

concurrently hinders their ability to assume a pioneering role in technology. Historically, there has been an excessive focus

GlobalCONTACT 1-24

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BUSINESS+MARKETING

on ROI (return on investment) alone, neglecting the broader

would be allowed to break down. This would probably be

array of benefits flanking the path to digitalization. In numerous

necessary to acquire the required training data.

projects, the most significant value for companies did not arise

I see predictive maintenance as a vision and umbrella term for

solely from achieving the initial goal, but rather from capitalizing

modern maintenance solutions. Condition-based maintenance

on incidental outcomes. Presently, however, there is a noticeable

is now technically feasible. If this is combined with real-time

surge in companies expressing keen interest, and I firmly believe

evaluation and trend analysis, we are very close to predictive

that it is not too late!

maintenance. The local manufacturing industry still has a lot of catching up to do in this field, as we notice from many

In which areas do you currently see the greatest potential?

inquiries. However, establishing a sustainable business model

I currently see three exciting areas that can also be directly

appears to be anything but straightforward.

implemented in industry: quality and process control, and cognitive robotics (intelligent robots, human-robot

At CSEM, one of your research topics is predictive quality.

What does that mean in concrete terms?

interaction, awareness of the environment). The selection of

Modern maintenance is all about the availability of the machine.

appropriate technologies depends on the market segment and

It is seldom possible to prevent component failure; the added

the degree of automation. From a technological standpoint,

value lies primarily in the early detection of a malfunction.

all three pillars are ready for industrial applications; however,

Depending on the industry, this can hardly result in a major

the choice of implementation should be evaluated on a case-

cost advantage. However, long before a component such as

by-case basis. Initiating the digitization journey promptly is

an axle or a motor – fails, the quality gradually declines. The

crucial; there is no need to delay any further.

quality of a final product depends on the interaction of the

predictive analytics (maintenance, digital twin, forecasting)

individual production steps and the condition of the components

What is holding companies back from realizing this potential?

used. In addition, product use and the subsequent field of

I think it is a mixture of skepticism, ignorance and risk aversion.

application must be taken into account.

Often, at the beginning of an AI project, the resulting

The concept “predictive quality” tries to predict the quality of

performance cannot be guaranteed. The results depend on very

a product during production using data-based methods and

many different parameters. Without practical experimentation

neural networks. For example, it answers the question: At what

in a specific case, experts rely on gut instincts. Many managers

degree of vibration of an axis does the machine produce only

prefer a clear run-through of use cases to eliminate deployment

rejects? It also takes into account whether the product is intended

risks, but in the area of AI solutions, this has hardly been

for a highly critical market such as aerospace or medical

possible to date.

technology, or whether it is “merely” supplied to the consumer

Companies that have relied on the hype too early have also

goods market.

been disappointed in the past; they need to regain confidence and understand that the technological progress of recent years has been tremendous.

It is also enormously important that there is a certain level of expertise within the company. It is like a new “language” and proven concepts from software development have to be adapted.

However, more and more young people are bringing this specific know-how with them, and this can also ensure long-term implementation. Companies should dare to take small steps and not be deterred by the big mountain ahead.

I EXPECT GREAT GROWTH IN THIS AREA OVER THE NEXT FEW YEARS.

There seems to be a trend towards predictive maintenance.

Has this trend already arrived in the manufacturing industry?

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48_Int-Schmid.indd 50

Excluding simple rotating systems (pump, fan, motor), I regret

What are the strengths of predictive quality?

to say that, until today, I have not come across a solution in the

The concept is very comprehensive, and takes into account all

industry that truly deserves this name. The algorithms to offer

production steps, condition of all components and continuously

“predictive” exist today. This is proven daily by various text

estimates the final quality. It offers a large variety of direct

and voice applications like DeepL or ChatGPT. But for machine

business models and price advantages. A very big plus is that

applications in industry, the data basis is usually missing. We

you do not need to destroy 1,000 machines to get the training

have been looking for an industrial partner for a long time,

data. Common quality checks can generate the valuable ground

who would provide us with 1,000 machines, all of which we

truth data at any time. We have already successfully validated GlobalCONTACT 1-24

16.04.24 15:07

BUSINESS+MARKETING

the concept in an industrial use case in concrete production.

requires data only from its system but from all facilities

The implementation is challenging, but it is possible to start

worldwide. In the event of a malfunction in a facility, permissions

with first smaller plants and then expand step by step to the

for the service specialist can be immediately activated, providing

whole production. Many companies are just now discovering

temporary full access. It is even possible to make data available

the potential of predictive quality and I can literally feel the

for training a neural network without effectively sharing it;

enthusiasm. I expect great growth in this area over the next

the AI service provider receives the trained network without

few years.

the raw data used. Technically, a lot is possible today, but the question remains: who has the market power and the finances

In order, to fully exploit the potential of Machine Learning, data is existential. Is there a general need for better access to data and data sets?

to proclaim such a solution? The benefits would exponentially

I currently sense a real war in the industry over data sovereignty.

continues behind the scenes.

increase with the number of participants. For now, there seem to be only isolated solutions, and the battle over data sovereignty

Everyone thinks data is the new oil and no one wants to share of different data sources. The algorithms and computing power

What, in your opinion, will distinguish a successful industrial company in ten years?

are ready to process even large data sets efficiently. Solutions

In addition to the consistent automation of routine tasks, I

need to be developed here that encourage data sharing and not

am convinced that software will play a significantly more

the opposite. Anyone who shares their data openly and makes

important role. An intuitive user interface, condition-based

it accessible via a suitable interface should also share in any

maintenance, encrypted data interfaces and comprehensive

success. Currently, a lot of things are done twice or the party

quality concepts will become significant unique selling points.

with the greater negotiating power wins.

Suddenly, the question will no longer be, do I make money

In the whole discussion, a distinction must be made between

with “predictive maintenance”, but rather: can I sell machines

sensitive, personal data and machine/process data. Especially

at all without it? Mechanical systems and components are

with health data and personal data, I advocate a very restrictive

becoming increasingly similar, copiers from low-wage

approach. There has to be a very good balance between the

countries are catching up with us faster and faster and patents

individual benefit and the potential risks. Neural networks in

are expiring – differentiation in the future will be determined

particular offer a whole arsenal of new possibilities for

by comprehensive software solutions. This will have an impact

deanonymizing data and further perfidious attack scenarios.

not only on the production and machine level, but also on

Advanced language models, like DarkBERT, exclusively trained

business analytics . The shortage of skilled workers will force

on data from the darknet, are already in circulation. As is so

many companies to map the experience of long-serving

often the case, there are two sides to the coin with these new

employees in software and thus make it available as a support

technologies. Legislators should approach this matter with

system for young, inexperienced employees. Those who

caution and foresight.

consistently follow this path and cooperate with the right

it. The big added value of data-driven approaches is the fusion

partners will see their companies flourish in ten years. 

How would your solution for regulated access to data look like?

Especially for the Swiss/Europe economy, close cooperation in the data domain, even with its competitors, is absolutely essential. However, there's a significant hurdle: it's a “heavily untrusted environment” where mutual trust is lacking, despite the essential need for data from one another. CSEM, together with various companies, has developed a comprehensive concept called DEMON. The central idea is an encrypted data lake in combination with a highly automated crypto key exchange, which manages the access to the data sources as well as the time period. All companies, machines, devices and components can securely store their data in this encrypted data lake and request easily access from other users when necessary.

What opportunities arise from this?

If a manufacturing company wants to implement the concept “predictive quality,” it needs data from all systems in its facility.

The supplier of a subsystem, aiming to enhance its products, GlobalCONTACT 1-24

48_Int-Schmid.indd 51

Philipp Schmid is Head of Industry 4.0 & Machine Learning at CSEM. He is responsible for the scientific and economic excellence of this domain. Before joining CSEM he worked in several industrial companies including Roche and spent one year as research fellow at the CSIRO Robotics group in Australia. He has a broad technological background in automation and holds an MBA degree from ETH Zurich.

He is member of various expert committees and in 2023, he was again awarded as "Digital Shaper".

51

16.04.24 15:07

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21.02.24 10:30 PM

please contact sabine@global-cl.com

Boston Materials Group Bausch + Lomb Eschelbacher Str. 16 69242 Mühlhausen Germany

Contamac LTD Carlton House, Shire Hill Saffron Walden Essex CB11 3AU United Kingdom

Phone: +49 6222 5718308

Phone: +44 1799 514800

tanja.malkus@bausch.com susanne.krostitz@bausch.com www.fit-boston.eu

sales@contamac.co.uk www.contamac.com

Contact Lens Material

Contact Lens Material

®

Contact ProductsFor: For: ContactLens LensHandling Handling Products Firm Lenses, Soft FirmLenses, Lenses Scleral Lenses, Hybrid Lenses, Ortho K Lenses

46th

EFCLIN

Scleral Lenses Hybrid Lenses from: Available in Europe Ortho K Lenses Prolens AG

CONGRESS Available in Europe Josefstrasse 53 from: EXHIBITION Prolens AG CH-8005 Zürich Josefstrasse 53 Switzerland CH-8005 Zürich Switzerland Phone: +41 44 272 78 18 +41 44 272 78 18

EUROPEAN FEDERATION OF THE

CONTACT LENS AND IOL INDUSTRIES

EFCLIN Winkelbüel 2 CH 6043 Adligenswil Switzerland

K & Y Diamond Ltd. 1801 Boul Saint Regis Dollard-des-Ormeaux (Quebec) Canada H9B 2M9

Phone: +41 41 372 10 10 Fax: +41 41 372 06 83

Phone: +1 514 676 0640 Fax: +1 514 676 0645

www.efclin.com info@efclin.com

sales@kydiamond.ca www.kydiamond.ca

Manufactured by DMV Corporation Zanesville, Ohio USA Zanesville, Ohio USA www.dmvcorp.com www.dmvcorp.com

Contact Lens Accessories

BUSINESS IN THE BEATING 52

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Association

Diamond Tools GlobalCONTACT 1-24

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MISUPCOTM Lambda-X Ophthalmics Avenue Robert Schuman 102 B-1400 Nivelles Belgium

Larsen Equipment Design 1117 N.W. 52nd Street Seattle, WA 98107 USA

Phone: +32 67 79 40 80

Phone: +1 206 789 5121 Fax: +1 206 789 7756

sales-ophthalmics@lambda-x.com www.ophthalmics.lambda-x.com

erik@larsenequipment.com www.larsenequipment.com

Instruments

Machinery and Tools

SCHNEIDER GmbH & Co. KG Biegenstrasse 8 –12 35112 Fronhausen SCHNEIDER GmbH & Co. KG Biegenstrasse Germany 8 –12 35112 Fronhausen Phone: +49Germany (64 26) 96 96-0

Fax:Phone: +49 (64 96 96-100 +4926) (64 26) 96 96-0 Fax: +49 (64 26) 96 96-100

info@schneider-om.com info@schneider-om.com www.schneider-om.com www.schneider-om.com

Phone: +1 727 538 6110 fadi.achkouti@ametek.com

Phone: +1 651 353 8632 Fax: +1 651 698 0719

Phone: +1 702 951-8696 www.misupco.com mikef@misupco.com

contactmisupco@gmail.com www.misupco.com

Blocking Wax & Contact Lens Polish

V-Optics SAS 2, rue du travail 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden France Phone: +33 (0) 3 67 10 28 60

Europe: +49 98 3797 8238 andreas.kuchler@ametek.com

info@v-optics.fr www.v-optics.fr

www.sterlingint.com

Machinery and Tools RZ_Yellow_Pages_60x80_4C.indd 1

Sterling Ultra Precision Division of AMETEK Precitech Inc. 8600 Somerset Drive, Largo Florida, 33773 USA

MisupcoTM Inc. MisupcoTM Inc. 1378 Osceola Avenue Saint Paul, MN 55105 USA

Machinery & Tools

Instruments

23.06.2020 12:37:08

Eyepress Fachmedien GmbH Saarner Str. 151 D-45479 Mülheim an der Ruhr Phone: +49(0)208-306683-00 Fax: +49(0)208-306683-99 www.global-cl.com info@global-cl.com

Media Service GlobalCONTACT 1-24

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CLOSING WORDS

MASTHEAD

CLOSING WORDS

GLOBAL CONTACT The Website and the Magazine: The complete communication system for the contact lens industry. The magazine, 2,500 copies, is distributed to contact lens laboratories, wholesalers and other organizations active in the contact lens and IOL industry.

The website www.global-cl.com is free for all industry related professionals PUBLISHERS ADDRESS Eyepress Fachmedien GmbH Saarner Str. 151, D-45479 Mülheim a. d. Ruhr Tel.: +49-208-306683-00 Fax: +49-208-306683-99 Website: www.global-cl.com E-mail: info@global-cl.com CEO Petros Sioutis E-mail: p.sioutis@eyepress.de PUBLISHER Silke Sage, Efstathios Efthimiadis, Petros Sioutis

Name: Steve Cleverley Position: Managing Director Company: Apex Diamond Products Limited

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Dipl.-Ing (FH) Silke Sage E-mail: silke@global-cl.com TRANSLATIONS John Saniter, Bopfingen, Germany EDITORIAL BOARD Wim Aalbers, Erik Larsen, Eef van der Worp

If I didn’t do this job, then… I’d be a qualified plumbing and heating engineer.

PRODUCTION & LAYOUT Efstathios Efthimiadis, Pascal Bruns

The best thing about this job is… working with a great team of colleagues

DISTRIBUTION PressUp GmbH, Postbox 70 13 11, D-22013 Hamburg Tel.: +49-40-386666-308, Fax: +49-40-386666-299

and customers.

The last time I was disappointed with my job was… when on the odd occasion a diamond polishing machine breaks down!

I was surprised that… the older we get the harder we seem to work!

For me talking with customers is… the best way to do business, I have made many friends over the years in this Industry.

When we introduce a new product… it’s interesting to hear initial thoughts from customers.

I can see why a product is going to be successful by… the positive feedback and increase in sales.

When I think about those who work for me, I am happy that… we work as a team and are open and honest with each other, everyone who works with me is an important part of Apex.

A day is perfect when… it all goes to plan.

The most insane thing about my job was… I have worked, over the last 29 years, with many members of my family and we didn’t fall out!!

I cannot live without… Tracey.

MEDIA CONSULTANT Constanze Classen Tel.: +49-208-306683-20 E-mail: constanze@global-cl.com Sabine Mueller Tel.: +49-208-306683-21 E-mail: sabine@global-cl.com ADVERTISING AGENT GREAT CHINA Beijing FOCUS Optics Culture Commnication Co. Ltd. Room 319, Building 2, Nr. 1, Northbank 1292, Nr. 15 Jianguo Eastroad, Beijing 100024 (Chaoyang), P.R. China Mrs. Jian Wang Tel.: +86-10-8537-6529 Email: jennywang_focus@126.com Skype: jennywang611 ADVERTISEMENT RATES Price list No. 13, valid from January 01, 2024 Publication Schedule 3 issues 2024: April, July, November SUBSCRIPTION COSTS PER YEAR European Union 80,00 € (plus VAT for German companies), Overseas Seamail 90,00 €, Overseas Airmail 110,00 €, United States Seamail 95,00 €, United States Airmail 125,00 €, Single issue 20,00 € (plus mailing costs) The Publisher requires three months written notice on cancellation. Subscribers please note that proof of notice may be required.

BANK DETAILS Bank account: Sparkasse Aachen IBAN: DE21 3905 0000 1073 3925 06 SWIFT: AACS DE 33XXX PRODUCTION & PRINT Kollin Mediengesellschaft mbh, Neudrossenfeld The publisher takes no responsibility for unsolicited manuscripts. Please note also that photographs submitted for use in GlobalCONTACT cannot be returned. The publisher's written permission is required for any reproduction, translation or recording of material published in GlobalCONTACT, including extracts of such material. Permission will normally be given, subject to the usual acknowledgement. Copies made of published items must be limited in number and for personal use only.

PHOTO CREDITS P.14: Tuna salmon, P.32: SHOTPRIME STUDIO, P.48: Lance /stock.adobe.com /unsplash.com /istockphoto.com

The best place on earth is… Isle of Wight.

If I had superpowers I would… I would exterminate cancer and stop all of the suffering in the world.

Members of

My greatest wish is… After losing my father to be able to spend a day with him again!

In my next life I'll… do the same.

GlobalCONTACT 1-24

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VISIT THE NEW WEBSITE YOUR TRUSTED SOURCE IN OPHTHALMIC OPTICS Why Choose GlobalCONTACT Global Insight: Stay ahead with our worldwide perspective on industry dynamics and emerging trends.

Expert Analysis: Benefit from in-depth analyses, exclusive interviews, and thought-provoking articles.

Innovation Spotlight: Explore cutting-edge technologies shaping the future of vision care.

Community Hub: Join a global network of professionals passionate about advancing the Contact Lens and IOL industry.

VISIT US ONLINE NOW: WWW.GLOBAL-CL.COM Webseite_2023.indd 2

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E V E R Y T H I N G YO U N E E D T O M A K E S P E C I A LT Y C O N TA C T L E N S E S FT-3: Three Tool Fast Servo for defined edge profiles on all lens designs Laser: Engraving of alpha-numeric and diagnostic markings Drill: Diagnostic markings, fenestrations, channels XLS: Lens Axis Referencing System for non-rotational symmetric and freeform lens designs

6390 Rose Lane, Carpinteria, CA 93013 USA Phone +1 805 684 8307 dac-intl.com Chris Pantle +1 805 745 1610 cpantle@dac-intl.com Kurtis Brown +1 805 745 1628 kbrown@dac-intl.com

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