NSG120/ NSG 120 Final Exam (Latest 2024/ 2025 Update) Nursing Pathophysiology Exam Review with Que

NSG120 / NSG 120 Final Exam (Latest 2024 / 2025 Update): Nursing Pathophysiology | Exam Review with Questions and Verified Answers | All Units Covered | 100% Correct | Grade A _____ is a destructive disease of the alveoli and the adjacent capillary walls resulting in chronic dyspnea, cough, and the characteristic barrel chest ANSWER Emphysema _____ is an injury that is the result of overuse, overstretching, or forcible stretching of a muscle beyond its functional capacity. It sometimes involves a tendon ANSWER Strain _____ refers to obstructive diseases of the lungs, including chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, asthma, emphysema, and pneumoconiosis ANSWER COPD A bluish discoloration of the skin resulting from poor circulation or inadequate oxygenation of the blood ANSWER Cyanosis A condition where the tissue and extremities swell due to an obstruction in the lymphatic system ANSWER Lymphedema A coronary artery is totally obstructed, leading to prolonged ischemic and call death, or infarction, of the heart wall ANSWER Myocardial infarction A deficiency in the release of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone [ADH]) by the posterior pituitary gland causes ANSWER Diabetes insipidus a disease the occurs when the body's immune is mistakenly directed against its own tissues ANSWER autoimmune A feeling that sometimes occurs before a seizure ANSWER Aura A genetic disorder that has a defect in the exocrine glands causing abnormal thick secretions ANSWER CF A neural transmitter that plays an important role in normal function of the brain and body ANSWER Acetylcholine

A presence of plaques consisting of lipid cells, fibrin, and cell debris often with attached thrombi ANSWER Atherosclerosis A progressive degenerative disease affecting mortar in rounds in the cerebral cortex the brain stem and spinal cord ANSWER ALS A progressive degenerative disease that affects motor function their loss of extrapyramidal activity ANSWER Parkinson's disease A progressive demyelination of the neurons of the brain, spinal cord, and cranial nerves ANSWER MS A reduced amount of WBC in the blood ANSWER Leukopenia A staff nurse is teaching a client who has Addison's disease about the disease process. The client asks the nurse what causes Addison's disease. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? ANSWER "It is caused by the lack of production of aldosterone by the adrenal gland."

A wet lung sound heard during late inspiration of patients with CHF or pneumonia ANSWER Crackles A whistling sound during in expiration seen an asthmatic patient ANSWER Wheezing a.

The treatment of renal calculi might include ANSWER relief of pain, lithotripsy, surgical intervention, increased fluid intake, and diuretics Abnormally slow heart rate is ANSWER bradycardia Adrenal insufficiency, with progressive destruction of the adrenal gland, is called ANSWER Addison's disease An acute, rapidly progressive disease of the spinal nerves with progressive muscle weakness and paralysis in a 24- to 72-hour period may be indicative of ANSWER Guillain-Barre syndrome

assess general cardiovascular function and check for exercise induced problems ANSWER stress test Cardiac arrhythmias may be caused by ANSWER -disturbances in the normal conduction system of the heart.

-Ischemia and drugs -Failure of the sinoatrial node Caused by a loss of circulating blood volume, interferes with blood flow through the heart ANSWER Shock cessation of all heart activity ANSWER asystole Characterized by progressive tissue degeneration and obstruction in the airway of the lungs ANSWER COPD Chronic disorder of uric acid and metabolism that manifest as an acute, episodic form of arthritis ANSWER Gouty Arthritis Chronic, progressive, inflammatory disease of bones and joints caused by degenerative changes in the cartilage is called ANSWER Osteoarthritis condition in which the tissues in the extremities swell due to an obstruction of lymphatic vessels ANSWER lymphedema Condition of chronic hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex which results in excessive circulating cortisol levels ANSWER Cushing's disease Considered an autoimmune disorder causing chronic systemic inflammatory disease ANSWER Rheumatoid arthritis Correct order for the direction of blood through the heart ANSWER Right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta Damage to the pituitary gland, which causes hypopituitarism, can result from ANSWER - Radiation - Surgical removal

- Ischemia decreased oxygen in the blood ANSWER hypoxemia delayed conduction in the heart ANSWER heart block development of the disease ANSWER pathogenesis Diagnostic evaluation for prostatic cancer includes ANSWER -A rectal examination -Blood testing for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) -A biopsy to confirm the diagnosis diagnostic test that shows size and shape of the heart ANSWER chest xray Difficulty breathing ANSWER dyspnea gradually developing disease, lasting a ling time (greater than 6 months) ANSWER chronic heart rate < 60 beats per minute ANSWER bradycardia heart rate 160 to 350 beats per minute ANSWER atrial flutter heart rate between 100 - 160 beats per minute ANSWER tachycardia heart rate over 300 beats per minute with uncoordinated muscle contractions ANSWER atrial fibrillation I neoplastic condition usually involving a single lymph node ANSWER Hodgkin's lymphoma inability to comprehend or express language ANSWER aphasia

increased carbon dioxide levels in the blood ANSWER hypercapnia increased white blood cells in the blood ANSWER leukocytosis infections that occur in health care facilities ANSWER nosocomial Inflammation of the joints caused by excessive uric acid levels in the blood and joints is ANSWER Gouty arthritis Insulin reaction can be caused by ANSWER -Too much insulin -Delayed meal of insufficient food -Excessive exercise interference with conduction in one of the bundle branches in the heart ANSWER bundle branch block Long lasting leg weakness slurred speech and facial drooping is due to a? ANSWER CVA May be caused by partial occlusion of an artery by atherosclerosis, or from a small embolus, a vascular. spasm ANSWER Transient ischemic attack Neoplastic disorders of the WBC ANSWER Leukemia Neurotransmitter that is responsible for relaying messages that plan and control body movement ANSWER Dopamine noninvasive test that displays conductivity of the heart ANSWER electrocardiogram Occurs when the blood and oxygen supply to the myocardium is impaired or the heart is working harder and needs more oxygen ANSWER angia

Occurs when the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body ANSWER Congestive heart failure Parkinson's disease is characterized by ANSWER "pill-rolling" tremor of thumb and forefinger, muscular rigidity, masklike facial expression, and shuffling gait pH 7.31 PaCO2 38 HCO3 18 ANSWER Metabolic acidosis pH 7.33 PaCO2 47 HCO3 29 ANSWER Respiratory acidosis pH 7.35 PaCO2 36 HCO3 23 ANSWER normal pH 7.49 PaCO2 32 HCO3 20 ANSWER Resp. alkalosis Polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia, weight loss, and fatigue are the principal signs and symptoms of ANSWER Diabetes mellitus Preventive measures for a decubitus ulcer include ANSWER - Good skin care - Position changes every 2 hours -Early ambulation short-term illness that develops quickly ANSWER acute signs and symptoms of disease ANSWER manifestations

Signs of hypoglycemia ANSWER Headache and sweating stage where no clinical signs are present ANSWER latent Superficial reddening of the skin ANSWER erythema Swelling due to excess of watery fluid in the body issues or cavities ANSWER Edema Temporary episodes of impaired neurologic functioning caused by inadequate blood flow to a portion of the brain are termed ANSWER -Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) -Mini-strokes test to visualize the inside of the heart ANSWER cardiac catheterizations The condition of the kidney caused by pressure from urine that cannot flow past an obstruction in the urinary tract is called ANSWER hydronephrosis The condition where fat-containing substances are deposited on the coronary artery lumens causing a narrowing is ANSWER Coronary artery disease (CAD) The first sign of testicular cancer is ANSWER a painless lump discovered in the testicle.

The patient experiencing crushing chest pain, dyspnea, diaphoresis, and anxiety is usually suffering from ANSWER MI The patient who experiences gradually increasing dyspnea, anxiety, and edema of the feet and ankles may be suffering from ANSWER CHF The presence of a painless lump or nodule on the thyroid gland, along with complaints of persistent hoarseness and trouble swallowing, should raise the suggestion of ANSWER Cancer of the thyroid gland

The syndrome caused by hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex, which results in excessive circulating cortisol levels, fatigue, muscular weakness, and changes in body appearance, is called ANSWER Cushing's syndrome These are signs and symptoms of a heart attack ANSWER Nausea and sweating This condition is damage to the blood vessels of the retina which leads to blindness ANSWER Retinopathy This condition is damage to the nephrons in the kidney ANSWER Nephropathy This condition is damage to the nerve throughout the body due to uncontrolled diabetes ANSWER Nephropathy This condition is due to the destruction of the pancreatic beta cells ANSWER Type one diabetes mellitus This condition is due to the resistance of insulin ANSWER Type two diabetes mellitus True or false: A common side effect of endometriosis is painful intercourse and urination ANSWER False True or false: a stroke and caused the loss of the gag reflex causing safety issues when eating ANSWER True True or false: chronic disease is defined as an illness symptoms or condition that a person continues to experience long-term ANSWER True True or false: diabetes is a common cause of atherosclerosis ANSWER True True or false: Guillian-Barre syndrome is an autoimmune disease that only affects the motor neurons ANSWER False True or false: is it safe to administer high levels of oxygen to people with COPD? ANSWER False

True or false: osteoarthritis is an autoimmune disease ANSWER False visualizes blood flow in the coronary arteries ANSWER Coronary angiography Which are Retinopathy long-term complications? ANSWER -diabetes -acute kidney failure Which are risk factors for osteoporosis? ANSWER -over 65 years of age -hypocalcemia -Cushing's disease Which of the following statements is true about RCC? ANSWER Risk factors may include smoking, obesity, and prolonged exposure to chemicals such as asbestosis and cadmium. (PER content) Which of the following statements is/are true about osteoporosis? ANSWER Osteoporosis is a silent disease until a bone breaks to cause pain Which statement(s) is/are true about prostate cancer? ANSWER -It rarely occurs before age 40.

-It occurs much more commonly in black men.

-Annual screening usually begins at age 50 Your patient has a hydronephrosis. Your priority assessment should include? ANSWER -edema -blood pressure -urinary output Your patient has an early stage of Parkinson's disease. Your nursing intervention should include the risk for? ANSWER Injury Your patient has hypothyroidism. What are the side effects ANSWER -decreased TSH levels -polydipsia -Weight loss

Your patient has seizures and states that they are experiencing a familiar taste and smell. you should do what? ANSWER Prepare them to have a seizure Your patient hypersecretion of corticosteroids. You suspect they have ANSWER Cushing's disease Your patient is admitted due to sickle cell crisis. Your intervention should include? ANSWER -Start a PCA for pain control -give IV fluids -maintain adequate oxygen Your patient is at risk for decreased mobilization due to her multiple sclerosis. You know this is true due to ANSWER Demyelination of the myelin sheath