BIOS 255 /BIOS255 Final Exam (Latest 2024/2025) Anatomy & Physiology III A&P III - Chamberlain

BIOS 255 / BIOS255 Final Exam (Latest 2024/2025): Anatomy & Physiology III / A&P III - Chamberlain 97% of RBC is made up of ANSWER: Hemoglobin A blood transfusion recipient with blood type O can receive blood from ANSWER: Only blood type O A condition that the blood oxygen carrying capacity is below normal is called? ANSWER: Anemia A gel like trap is formed during coagulation by what? ANSWER: Fibrin A peron of Rh positive blood type ANSWER: has Rh Antigen but no anti-Rh antibody A person with blood type a ANSWER: Has the A antigen and the B anti-body A person with blood type B has ANSWER: antigen B and Antibody A An abnormally fast heart rate is called ANSWER: Tachycardia An abnormally slow heart rate is known as ANSWER: Bradycardia Arterial depolarization corresponds to what wave? ANSWER: P Wave As the blood flows from the aorta towards the cappilaries what increases? ANSWER: Resistance As the blood flows from venules toward the heart, what increases? ANSWER: Resistance Baroreceptors are found in what sinus? ANSWER: Carotid Sinuses

Blood flow through a capillary bed is passed by what structure? ANSWER: Atriovenous Anastomosis Blood flow through a capillary is regulated by what? ANSWER: Precapillary Sphincter Blood flows toward the heart in the veins by? ANSWER: -With the aid of contractions of the adjacent skeletal muscles.

-Valves in the veins prevent the backflow of the blood -Pressure at the venules is higher than the pressure at the venae cava Blood maintains what in the body? ANSWER: pH,temperture, and volume Blood volume is decreased by what two hormones? ANSWER: ANP & BNP Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the heart in what location? ANSWER: Left Atrium Blood within the vena cava returns to the heart at the ANSWER: Right atrium Capillaries surrounding the choroid plexus is of which type? ANSWER: Fenestrated capillaries Capillaries that have a complete lining are called what? ANSWER: Continuous Capillaries Cardiac cells can regenerate in Angina Pectoris, therefore it is less harmful. True or False ANSWER: False Cardiac muscle cells are like skeletal muscle cells in that they all have what? ANSWER: Striation Cardiac muscle cells are unlike skeletal muscle cells in that they do not have ANSWER: Tetanic Contractions Chemoreceptors are found in what? ANSWER: Aortic Bodies De-oxyhemoglobin is what in color ANSWER: dark red

Describe the three phases of Coagulation. Write the three phases and mention atleast one or two important events during each phase ANSWER: -Prothrombin activator is formed (factor X) -Prothrombin is converted into thrombin -Thrombin catalyzes the joining of fibrinogen into a fibrin mesh (insoluble fibrin, mesh formation, RBC trapped-gel formation) Disseminated Intravascular Coagulatin DIC ANSWER: widespread clotting in intact blood vessels Residual blood cannot clot Blockage of blood flow and severe bleeding follows Most common as: A complication of pregnancy A result of septicemia or incompatible blood transfusions Erythropoiesis occurs where? ANSWER: red bone marrow Femoral artery is a type of what artery? ANSWER: Muscular Artery Floating loose iron in the blood is a harmful situation. T or F ANSWER: True Heart murmurs are ANSWER: abnormal heart sounds Heme is excreted from the body in a form of what by the large intestine? ANSWER: Stercobilin Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn ANSWER: -Rh+ antibodies of a sensitized Rh- mother cross the placenta and attack and destroy the RBCs of an Rh+ baby -Rh- mother becomes sensitized when Rh+ blood (from a previous pregnancy of an Rh+ baby or a Rh+ transfusion) causes her body to synthesis Rh+ antibodies.

- RhoGam, pre-birth transfusions.

Hemophilias ANSWER: a. Hemophilias - hereditary bleeding disorders caused by lack of clotting factors Hemophilia A - most common type (83% of all cases) due to a deficiency of factor VIII Hemophilia B - results from a deficiency of factor IX (A&B are sex-linked hemophilias commonly seen in males)

Hemophilia C - mild type, caused by a deficiency of factor XI If the vagus nerve is severed, the result would be that ANSWER: The heart rate will increase If you take two tubes of unknown type of blood and mix them together, having agglutinization/clump formation means that the blood were compatible. True or Fase ANSWER: False Oxyhemoglobin is what in color? ANSWER: scarlet Pressure gradient of water causes osmosis. True or False ANSWER: False Secretion of EPO is triggered by what? ANSWER: Low oxygen The ascending aorta is connected to the ANSWER: Left Ventricle The circulatory needs of the heart muscle is provided by ANSWER: the coronary arteries The disease resulting from a faulty globin chain is ANSWER: Thalassemia The disease that results from a single gene mutation is ANSWER: Sickle Cell anemia The forming of insoluble fibrin to fibrinogen during blood clot requires ANSWER: thrombin The hormone erythropoietin that regulates erythropoiesis is secreted by what ? ANSWER: kidney The least abundant cell type in the blood is ANSWER: Basophils The left ventricular wall of the heart is much thicker than the right wall in order to do what? ANSWER: Pump blood against a greater pressure

The lympathic system is composed of all of the following except: lympathic vessels, thyroid gland, spleen, and lymph nodes. ANSWER: Thyroid Gland The mitral valve is closed during what? ANSWER: During ventricular diastole The most abundant cell type in the blood is ANSWER: Neutrophils The normal heart sounds are caused by what? ANSWER: The closure of the heart valves The only true cell of the blood is ANSWER: leukocyte The pH of blood is ANSWER: 7.4 The primary function of the lympathi system is ANSWER: production, maintenance, and distribution of lymphocytes.

The pulmonary trunk is connected to the ANSWER: Right Ventricle The specialized tissue in the heart muscle that conducts the ventricular depolarization are the ANSWER: Purkinje fibers The tricuspid valve is closed during ANSWER: ventricular systole The volume percentage of the erythrocytes in the blood is called ANSWER: Hematocrit Vasodilation is achieved by adrenergic receptors. True or False ANSWER: False Venous reserve is used during extreme blood loss. True or False ANSWER: True Venous valves allow blood to flow in BOTH directs. True or False. ANSWER: False

Ventricular depolarization corresponds to what complex? ANSWER: QRS Complex Vitamin K deficiency leads to the onset of thrombocytopenia. T or F ANSWER: False What are the functions of blood? ANSWER: Deliver oxygen from lungs to all body cells, transport hormones from the endocrine glands to their target tissues, and absorb and distribute heat throughout body?

What is the common characteristics of all the leukocytes? ANSWER: they all have a nucleus What is the relationship between cardiac output, heart rate and stroke volume? ANSWER: CO= HR x SV What plays a complementary role with the immune system to lessen the severity of allergies and also aids in parasitic worm distruction? ANSWER: Eosinophils What will increase the contractility of the heart muscle? ANSWER: Thyroxin, Epinephrine, & Sympathetic Stimuli When a floating blood clot becomes trapped and obstructs blood flow it is called an ANSWER: Embolism When the heart rate is at 75, the duration of one cardiac cycle is how long? ANSWER: 0.8 seconds Which of the following is not a vasoconstrictor?

-Prostagladin -Thromboxones -Nitric Oxide ANSWER: Nitric Oxide Which of the following is NOT a vasodilator? ANSWER: Prostagladin Which of the following will increase the preload ability of the heart muscle?

-Thryoxin -Epinephrine -Sympathetic Stimuli

-None ANSWER: None Which of the typical blood vessels has a thin tunica tunica media dominated by collagen fibers? ANSWER: veins Which of the typical blood vessels has thick tunica media dominated by smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers? ANSWER: Arteries Which one adheres to the damaged blood vessel walls to reduce the blood loss? ANSWER: Platelets