" European Schools Go Green " Erasmus+ 1st Magazine 2018

ERASMUS+ PROGRAMME KA 2 STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP “European Schools Go Green” 2017 – 2020

“European Schools Go Green” 2017 - 2018 : Our First Year Goethe Gymnasium Kassel Germany - Galileo Galilei Technical High School Genova Italy - 2nd Junior High School Amaliada Greece

Issue #1 2018

Erasmus+ Project “European Schools Go Green”

2nd Junior High School of Amaliada Erasmus+ “European Schools Go Green ” 2017 – 2020 Erasmus+ is the European Union programme for education, training, youth and sport.

Within the framework of Erasmus plus programme, we are happy for the cooperation of our school, 2nd Junior High School of Amaliada, with two European schools for three consecutive years. The three-year cooperation has the corresponding funding by the European Union. The subject of the programme is the renewable sources of energy, sustainability, “green schools” and mainly the communication, acquaintance and cooperation of the students and teachers of our schools with the aim to a better future and environment than that we have bequeathed to them.

The schools we are in cooperation with, are the leading Goethe Gymnasium of Cassel in Germany, which is the organizing school of the programme and not only does it have a great history and tradition but also a high level of facilities and contemporary equipment, and Istituto Einaudi Casaregis Galilei of Genova in Italy, which provides us with technological knowledge and support as it is a technological educational institute of a higher level with high school students.

Contact Persons for their schools Erasmus + project are Mrs Christina Kauffeld, Coordinator of the project , English Language and Politics Teacher , Germany, Mrs Franca Monzeglio , English teacher , Italy, and Mrs Aikaterini Andreou , Fine Arts Teacher , Greece. “Our power is our differences�, stresses the head of the programme, Christina Kauffeld from Cassel, while the group of three is completed by our school, 2nd Junior High School of Amaliada, providing knowledge about the use of renewable sources of energy in ancient times, and contribute with visual, graphics, journalistic and artistic products and organising visual arts exhibitions, the visualization of the material to the three countries as well as the printed and digital publishing of the artistic, technological, scientific, social and historical projects of the students.

Students worked in groups as art group, science group, press group. English and German language groups. Touristic group.

Moreover, the three schools cooperate with state tertiary educational institutes and technological educational institutes, industries, municipalities, scientists, journalists and analysts of the three countries. Our school hosted this year the first transnational meeting of students and teachers during a wonderful week of new friends, work, activities, cultural and scientific visits and workshops.

Our 2018 Erasmus+ project digital printable wall calendar cover The teachers of the three schools as well as the students involved in the programme during our first year had many scheduled meetings, and have finished the first projects with success. This was the first school year we are working on this and we are going to continue with great enthousiasm until the finish of the programme in June 2020.

For its progression, our collaborations and the projects of the students, the educational community, the parents and guardians as well as the local and broader community keep updated through publicly posting and through a special digital magazine and blogs that our schools have created.

The first organizing meeting of the teachers-in-charge has already been held in Cassel, Germany, at Goethe Gymnasium, in October 2017.

The programme, along with the continuous communication between teachers and students from the three countries on special networking platforms like etwinning and applications as padlet etc , also includes two trips of student groups of each school, one of which took place this year in Greece, the next during the second school year of the programme (2018-2019) in Genova, Italy, and the other during the third school year of the programme in Cassel, Germany (2019-2020). The purpose of these collaborations, besides the educational factor and the skills acquisition, knowledge and training, is the acquaintance with other communities, their history, language, culture, family values as well as contact with people’s everyday lives, habits, cuisine and nature of the broader area of each school.

Galileo Galilei Technical High School of Genova, Italy

Our map !

Erasmus + is a great opportunity to make our schools better in many ways too.

A multipurpose hall was formed and equipped in 2nd Junior High School of Amaliada, financed by the programme. It is the hall in which we have our Erasmus meetings with students, parents and of course the special classroom we used for our working week from April 23th to 27th 2018, hosting our partners from Kassel and Genova.

Since November and December 2017, the students created sketches, logos and comic strips, illustrations , 2018 calendar and posters concerning the programme. A beautiful online interactive virtual art gallery also. Students of 2nd Junior High School of Amaliada created their art inspired by Erasmus+ project “European Schools Go Green”, designed logos, exchanged ideas, created “green super heros” comics, card and posters illustrations, sketches of green energy uses, drawings and paintings about climate change and ecological problems.The first step of brainstorming visualisation, an introduction and preparation for our common art exhibition with our Erasmus+ partner schools Goethe Gymnasium of Kassel, Germany, and Galilei Technical High School of Genova, Italy.

Follow the link and press “explore” to take a walk in our first little online art gallery! http://andreou.artsteps.com/pages/pviewexhibition.aspx?ID=40098

Every work online can be found on our blogs, as on the https://blogs.sch.gr/samiamidi one of Erasmus project blogs of our school for example.

The students searched, were concerned, talked and conducted projects and articles about renewable sources of energy, climatic change, frequent environmental disasters and the ominous future that we want to avoid through right updated knowledge and change of behavior.

Our padlet hosts many of our schools’ work and our projects announcements too.

Here is the link to the padlet https://padlet.com/samiamidi2015/jhn4c3l2c13q

You can find posted all our worksheets and some interesting links and student thoughts , too.

We have created a digital work calendar which is common for the three schools, we have held many meetings with parents and guardians, students visited an inspiring Land art exhibition‌

‌and studied the use of recycled materials in works of art, which connect nature with human beings sending powerful messages, they designed their own work inspired by the exhibition, they took pictures and conducted worksheets.

Renewable energy and Art?We also used sun for a‌ sun stencil, inspired by Eratosthenes experiment!

At the same time, we were preparing the welcoming of the students from the German and Italian schools, who visited us in April 2018, while students started also interviewing with the authorities, scientists, specialists and researchers. We also prepared special paperwork, files tools, material and worksheets for every day of our common activities.

Our week was full of interesting workshops, activities and visits.

Here is a little resume of our weeks work !

Monday, April 23rd 2018

First work day in 2nd junior High SchoolAmaliada : Welcoming guests to school - Presentation of schools first year work progress.

Guided group tour in junior school classes meeting students during lessons.

Week ‘s work schedule presentation and worksheets .Week activities presentations and their connection with our project – introduction to worksheets and padlet common collaborational work.

Guided tour at Open Swimming Pool of Amaliada - The case of Heating of the Open Swimming Pool of Amaliada (Solar-Geothermal system). Dinner with the Mayor of Amaliada. Mayor Mr Christodoulopoulos offered special souvenir medals of our Municipality, Ilida, and Erasmus+ participation and Ilida Municipality visit certificates to all students and teachers.

Tuesday, April 24th 2018

Guided tour at Ancient Olympia - Guided tour at the Archaeological Museum – project worksheet – renewable energies in ancient times.

Guided tour in ancient technology Museum - project worksheet about ancient technology.

Wednesday, April 25th 2018 Guided tour in Open-Air Water Power Museum of Dimitsana traditional village – work sheets about hydropower uses of the past and present.

Visit of Stemnitsa traditional village – and traditional jewllery school of Stemnitsa .

Thursday, April 26th 2018 Patras Science Centre – a day of science workshops, dialogue and scientific experiments, physics and mathematical problems and games. Students also presented their results !

Friday, April 27th 2018 Meeting of partner schools teams with Mayor of Ilida ,in City Hall of Amaliada, Mr Christodoulopoulos.

Conclusions and planning next steps conference– next year schedule workshop coordinators conclusions and ideas.

Songs presented by junior class presented in school’s classroom for our guests. Creative group art workshop – logo painting in 9 puzzle pieces canvases painted by all students.

Exhibition preparations - discussion .Art project ideas worksheets . Review of the week worksheets . Conclusions and work progress worksheets. Souvenirs, Diplomas and presents!

Guided tour at Chlemoutsi Castle – worksheet about renewable energy in medieval times and castles. Visit of Kyllini Port - guided tour and presentation of the “Killini Port towards green sustainable future” project .

Many articles about our work were published in Greek , German and Italian press about our meetings, our work, our art exhibitions, activities, research projects, technical drawings and works of art of the students.

Also our school’s Erasmus+ “European Schools Go Green”team joined the great national “Lets do it Greece” project. On Sunday 29 of April, in every part of Greece , a civic-led mass movement had joined the project as every year to clean up illegal waste , plant trees, get out in the streets and nature to do something good for this planet. Hundreds of housands of people, associations, groups, unions, schools, teams, students, teachers, workers, pupils, partnerships members etc around Greece are making the difference this special day, reminding everybody that this is the way we should act always as individuals, but also to send the message to the “powerful” of the world that we have to change the way we live not soon, but now.

Here is our school’s participation link http://letsdoitgreece.org/activities/525/preview?auth_token=2d3009c67eaf8657

The first “ Earth 2050� art exhibition in 2nd junior High School of Amaliada and Goethe Gymnaium Kassel, during June 2018 were very succesful, full of meaningful sketches, interesting new ideaas, great and inspiring paintings about climate change, ecological problems, colorful or black and white posters and surprising installations and garbage sculptures.

2nd Junior High School of Amaliada Erasmus+ Art Project and Exibition 2017 – 2018 Our school’s art project this year is described briefly in this video . https://youtu.be/79V3lt_s_g8

It includes artworks by students 13 to 15 years old, as well as one group artwork created by all our partner schools students during our meeting week in Amaliada, April 23 – 27 2018. It includes artworks by our students like installation, drawings, comics, logos, posters, pendulum painting, light stencil, stop motion animation, collages, cut paper decorations, acrylics on canvas paintings, acrylics on cardboard paintings, land art exhibition visit, ,

garbage collecting from beach activity, photos from our school’s Art Exhibition “Earth 2050 – is this the future we want?” June 2018 in our multi – purpose classroom especially arranged for Erasmus activities and exhibitions etc.

Our full project’s work is not included in this video, this is made only about our school’s art projects and is uploaded only for educational purposes.

We also enjoyed the wonderful artwork by Goethe Gymnasium of Kassel from the amazing parallel art exibition wit,h their video and brochures !!! https://youtu.be/SiIesJEVINw

The Greek pedagogical team of the programme consists of the following teachers: Headmaster : Mr A. Gounaris – Religious Educator , Contact Person : Mrs K. Andreou – Fine Arts, Mrs E. Charda – English Language , Mrs E. Karvouniari – German Language , Mrs A. Rampavila – French Language , Mrs S. Salvanou – Informatics , Mr C. Spyropoulos Technology , M. Tzavara English Language , Mr G. Vasilopoulos – Physics .

Galileo Galilei Technical High School project work 2017 - 2018

The Logo Students of Galileo Galilei Technical High School have created the logo of the project.

Starting with some simple drafts made by hand, they have used CAD, a technical drawing software, and have reproduced their idea in a precise and accurate way. The logo symbolizes a green hero with a wide mantel holding the earth in his hands. Will he save our planet by protecting the environment with the use of green energy? This is not only a question. This must be our next generations’ goal.

Statistics Students of Galileo Galilei Technical High School have collected data on the consumption of green energy in Italy. Thanks to studies on statistics and mathematics, they have been able to compare the data and create graphics and diagrams showing the change in the situation starting from the last years up to now. These researches have let them understand better the deep concern about the environmental impact on our lives in the past and the present with an outlook for the future.

Scratch!

Students of Galileo Galilei Technical High School have created games using Scratch, a programming language. The aim was to gather the students from all schools (Greek, German and Italian, of course) and let them all play together. By the use of coding, they have improved their competences on I.T. and, above all, their awareness on green energy and the protection of the environment, since all the quizzes were on the Erasmus Plus topics.

Dual axis solar tracker From designing to programming Students of Galileo Galilei Technical High School have been designing a Dual Axis Solar Tracker. In the first stage, they have used “Inventor�, a solid modeller for technical drawings, to reproduce its specific sizes and shape. In the next stage of the project design, students have built a prototype, following precise technical characteristics. Thanks to a simple device, like a cellphone connected to Bluetooth, the solar tracker is able to move in any directions.

Dual axis solar tracker

Our students communicated, questioned, researched, answered , studied renewable energy, ecological problems, climate change, local disasters etc. and wrote articles.

Next pages are full of students work from all partner schools.

Goethe Gymnasium, Kassel, Germany Galileo Galilei Technical High School, Genova Italy 2nd Junior High School of Amaliada, Greece

Oilaccident in Alsfeld

The situation of Aalsfeld was dramatically horrible in 2017. Due to a lacking ventile on an oilwagon, oil made its way through into the canalisation and the near lake of the city.

The Oily stain on the lake was about 2 kilometres long, containing about 8000 litres of oil, referring to the government of GieĂ&#x;en. The water authorities tried to rinse out most of the oil, without success, as only 3000 litres could be extracted from the lake water.

Firefighters hepled solving the problem, with about 100 firefighters in total being in duty. To clean up the lake, it took days of intensive work and a lot of ambition.

By analysing the lakes's water after having extracted as much oil as possible, the labs ensured that there was no harmful waterpollution present. Still, it safely isn't too pretty to look at for the inhabitants.

In the end, the disposal company was prohibited of doing any water business anymore.

Quizfragen Why exactly is waste oil so dangerous when deposited incorrectly?

A: It may pollute the environment, the drinking water (1 liter may pollute up until a million liters of water) and be a threat to animals Who is responsible for the incident in Alsfeld?

A: it is still unclear who is responsible but the local depositing company might have to do something with it How did the firefighters try to contain the oil?

A: they set up barriers and tried to remove the oil in the stream with special equipment

https://www.oberhessen-live.de/2017/12/15/grosseinsatz-des-thws-nach-alsfelderoelunfall/

http://www.t-online.de/themen/alsfeld

The strongest storm since 2007 January 2018. The storm Friederike rages through Germany from west to east. With a speed of 120 km/h it hits Kassel on Thursday the 18th, leading to severe damages. It is recorded as the strongest storm since hurricane Kyrill in 2007 which struck wide parts of Europe, killing 47 people.

Houses and trees collapsed and in ten thousands of homes there was a power breakdown because of Friederike. As a result, people were told to stay at home and schools were closed. Furthermore, the train traffic had to be stopped and some highways were blocked.

On Friday, the weather calmed down slowly. The storm left a lot of injured and six dead people in Germany.

Sources: http://www.zeit.de/gesellschaft/zeitgeschehen/2018-01/sturmtief-friederikezugverkehr-in-nrw-eingestellt https://www.hna.de/kassel/autobahn-a7-sti231737/sturm-friederike-orkan-inkassel-goettingen-und-northeim-9531924.html https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkan_Kyrill Quiz Questions Fill in the gaps, please: A severe __________ called ___________ hit Germany in __________ 2018. It was the most terrible __________ ever since ___________ __________ struck Europe in 2007. The _________ destructed _________, ___________ and _________ ___________. At the end, six people were ___________ and several people were ___________.

Answer the questions ahead: 1) What do you think were the biggest consequences of the storm?

2) Could the disaster have been prevented? Give reasons why/ why not.

3) Have you ever experienced a similar disaster? How do you feel, when you think back there? / If not, imagine how these people must have felt.

Lina Farag : Storm and thunder right in front our door It is very easy to watch catastrophes in our homes, where we don't have to be afraid at all and drink out hot chocolates and enjoy our evening.

But what is happing to our nature, our environment. We have to face the issues surrounding us an happening outside our comfort zone.

On the 29th December 2017, Kassel and whole Hesse had to face a big storm and at the first sight one thinks that this just happens once a year and there is nothing to worry about. But when we consider the impacts which these storms or thunders have on our environment, our nature especially, there are huge consequences we have to face. Not only people outside are getting hurt during these storms, but also our trees. Without them, biological no life would be possible, because they serve us with oxygen, which we need to be able to live.

It is just important to face the consequences and act to prevent them, so we can change what's happening around us. Because our environment makes us the people we are.

Alina Griesel Christina Kauffeld Floodings

Floodings are very common in German of snowmelting and rainfall. They have always occured in Germany, especially in Kassel since the river Fulda flows right through it.

The last really severe flooding in Kassel was in 1995 on the 25 th of January when the water reached 5,07 metres at the flood spot of the Regierungspräsidium. Normally the water at that time of the year should only reach 1,81 metre. Many people were surprised by the water at night and couldn't safe their stuff in the basements and ground floors. But not only the houses standing directly at the river were flooded, also the Platz der Deutschen Einheit was completely under water and formed a seascape.

The danger of floodings is that they're coming very sudden and it is unpredictable how severe they're going to be. Also the floodstream is very strong during high water and for example tree trunks are flowing with high speed through the river.

In the future we can expect more floodings like these and not only in Germany but everywhere. The global warming is directly connected with the weather and is affecting the severeness of natural disasters.

Sources: http://regiowiki.hna.de/Kassel_im_Jahr_1995

https://www.hna.de/kassel/unterneustadt-ort167607/hochwasser-kassel-einestaendige-gefahr-3009500.html https://www.hna.de/kassel/fuldapegel-sinkt-uferbereiche-strassen-ueberspueltpegel-zentimeter-niedriger-1995-1076618.html https://rp-kassel.hessen.de/umwelt-natur/wasser-bodenschutz/hochwasserschutz http://regiowiki.hna.de/Hochwasser https://www.google.de/search?client=firefoxb&dcr=0&biw=1280&bih=663&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=Z_SkWtO3B8jRswGDrae4DQ&q= %C3%BCberflutungen+kassel&oq=%C3%BCberflutungen+kassel&gs_l=psyab.3...178749.185852.0.186138.21.16.0.5.5.0.355.2169.0j8j3j1.12.0....0...1c.1.64.psy ab..4.13.1588...0j0i67k1j0i24k1j0i10i24k1.0.rwpSGczhLc8#imgrc=zcZUAYpLM7ghNM : https://www.google.de/search?client=firefoxb&dcr=0&biw=1280&bih=663&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=Z_SkWtO3B8jRswGDrae4DQ&q= %C3%BCberflutungen+kassel&oq=%C3%BCberflutungen+kassel&gs_l=psyab.3...178749.185852.0.186138.21.16.0.5.5.0.355.2169.0j8j3j1.12.0....0...1c.1.64.psy ab..4.13.1588...0j0i67k1j0i24k1j0i10i24k1.0.rwpSGczhLc8#imgrc=4OuxUWmycl5LVM : https://www.google.de/search?client=firefoxb&dcr=0&biw=1280&bih=663&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=XPSkWvXPGsWnsgGA0beYDQ&q =platz+der+deutschen+einheit+kassel+%C3%BCberflutet&oq=platz+der+deutschen+ einheit+kassel+%C3%BCberflutet&gs_l=psyab.3...7070.8627.0.9005.7.7.0.0.0.0.126.736.2j5.7.0....0...1c.1.64.psyab..0.0.0....0.noCpWicMYck#imgdii=Op2SmpT5ac1UMM:&imgrc=DR6E2EyvCK3MxM :

Local disaster – forest area “Hessisches Ried”

What do lowland forests, beech groves and oak forests have in common? They all have a problem! The “Hessisches Ried” is an area located at one of the longest rivers that runs through Germany. It is located near the river Rhine in the southern part of Hessen. It is approximately 60 kilometers long and 15-20 kilometers wide. In total it covers an area of around 1100 square kilometers.

Covering 30.000 hectares, these forests do not only offer a living space for animals like Bechstein’s bats, middle-spotted woodpeckers and stag beetles, but also for plants. This unique forests are, however, facing a tremendous problem. Since approximately 50 years the forests have to fight for their survival.

The problem is the groundwater extraction. The groundwater is used to provide drinking water for the Rhine Main area. But because of the many groundwater extraction projects, those forests are drying out and with them, more and more living space for animals and plants disappears.

Although this is a huge problem, there is another one. The May beetle is a beetle, which eats itself into the trees and damages them. The larva’s of it are damaging the roots of the trees and because of the missing groundwater they are not drowning anymore. And the polluted air is another problem for the forests as well.

Because of this, the dissolution of the 30.000 hectares of forests has to be stopped!

Otherwise we are losing a tremendous forest stand.

Maria Thiele

Water for the forest!

Local disaster – Questions 1.

How big is the “Hessisches Ried”? a. 50km long and 15-20km wide

b. 50km long and 20-25km wide

c. 1100 square kilometers

d. 11000 square kilometers

2. Which type of peckers are the most common ones in this area? a. Great spotted woodpeckers b. lesser spotted woodpecker c. Middle spotted woodpecker

d. grey-headed woodpecker

3. When did the forest had to start fighting for survival? a. Around the 1950s b. around the 1960s c. Around the 1970s

4. Where is the “Hessisches Ried” located a. In southern Hessen c. In eastern Hessen

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

How is the river near this area called?

Name three common species that live there Why are the May beetles another problem?

How many hectares of forest are there?

d. around the 1990s

b. in northern Hessen d. in western Hessen

The Diesel Scandal Volkswagen

GOETHE-NEWS ONLINE

09.04.2018

POWI BILI Q4 (KA)

Leon Müller Diesel Scandal Newsletter Projekt In September 2015, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) found that many VW cars being sold in America and around the world had a software in diesel engines that could detect when they were being tested, changing the performance accordingly to improve results. The German car giant has admitted cheating emissions tests.

VW has admitted that about 11 million cars worldwide, including eight million in Europe, are fitted with the cheating device even though Volkswagen is known for trumpeting its cars´ low emissions.

Full details of how it worked are sketchy, the EPA has said that the engines had computer software that could sense test scenarios by monitoring speed, engine operation, air pressure and even the position of the steering wheel.

When the cars were operating under laboratory conditions, the device appears to have put the vehicle into a sort of safety mode in which the engine ran below normal power and performance.

Once on the road, the engines switched out of this test mode again.

The result? The engines emitted nitrogen oxide pollutants up to 40 times above what is allowed in the US and Europe.

Martin Winterkorn, the group's chief executive, said his company had "broken the trust of our customers and the public". Mr Winterkorn resigned as a direct result of the scandal and was replaced by Matthias Mueller, the former boss of Porsche.

The “Diesel scandal” is much more than a betrayal of trust. It illustrates how ruthless we treat our planet and belonging limitations to protect it. In today’s world everything is based on the

idea of profit and scaling. It’s about time to understand that we have to protect our home by switching our focus onto renewable energy and environment protection.

http://www.duden.de/_media_/small/S/Steckdose-201020497592.jpg

- Sophia K. - Swantje K. - Lisa T. -

ODistribution in Germany

OConsumption in Germany OEco-friendly production of

electricity

http://previews.123rf.com/images/strejman/strejman1302/strejman130200017/18140291-High-voltagepower-lines-Stock-Vector-pole-electric-electricity.jpg

http://strom-report.de/strom-vergleich/#stromerzeugung-2015

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Entwicklung_der_Stromerzeugung_aus_erneuerbaren_Energien_in_Deutschland.s vg/1000px-Entwicklung_der_Stromerzeugung_aus_erneuerbaren_Energien_in_Deutschland.svg.png

http://strom-report.de/oekostrom/#oekostrom-deutschland

http://strom-report.de/oekostrom/#stromverbrauch-energiebedarf

https://www.allmystery.de/i/tzqoHQE_O_1000_680_680_DEU-NI-Greenpeace-Atom-ES.jpg

http://www.spiegel.de/images/image-699005-videoposter16-vido.jpg

A SUSTAINABLE WORLD

Author: Fabio

ECOLOGY

The study of the relationship between organisms and the environment in which they live is called ecology. Ecologists identify and study ecosystems, which are systems including the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. These organisms depend on each other for food. Animals are consumers as they eat the food provided by plants or other animals. Plants are called producers because they produce their own food using sunlight. This succession of organisms linked to each other through the transfer of energy and nutrients is called food chain. The balance within each ecosystem is maintained by the presence of each component. The place where animals and plants live and grow is their habitat. Every animal has a habitat, where it finds the food, water and shelter it needs to live. If a habitat is altered, it can no longer support the species that live there. As a consequence, many organisms are displaced or destroyed, which reduces biodiversity and may cause species extinction. Among the causes of habitat destruction there are surface mining, deforestation, urban development, desertification and different forms of pollution.

Finally, global warming, resulting from human emissions of greenhouse gases, is one the main factors causing habitat loss.

Author: Giuseppe

WHAT IS ENERGY? By energy we mean the ability of matter to do work or cause changes in things because of its motions, mass or electric charge.

Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It merely changes from one form to another. But while energy surrounds us in all aspects of life, the ability to harness it and use it for our ends as economically as possible is the challenge we have to face today.

Electricity, which can be produced or generated from other forms of energy, has always been exploited by mankind and recently it has proved essential for the development of technology.

Electricity can be generated in two ways: from a renewable energy source or from a non-renewable one.

A renewable energy source is one that is replaced over a reasonable period of time by natural processes; examples include: wind, solar energy, hydroelectricity and geothermal energy. A non-renewable source is one that is depleted once it is used and that will run out over time, such as coal, natural gas, oil and uranium.

Most of the world’s electricity is generated using a non-renewable energy source such as fossil fuels and radioactive substances like uranium. But fossil-fuel power station have harmful effects on the environment as they produce large amounts of greenhouse gases.

What is alternative Energy?

Alternative energy refers to energy sources which are not based on the burning of fossil fuels or on the splitting of the atom. The renewed interest in this field of research derives from the undesirable effects of pollution both from burning fossil fuels and from nuclear waste by-products.

Examples of possible alternative energy sources which have a less damaging impact on our environment are wind power, solar energy, geothermal energy and hydroelectricity.

Windmills are a growing technology which allows people to harness an unlimited resource that is environmentally friendly. Solar energy is another resourceful source of energy which does not produce any harmful by-products.

Geothermal energy is obtained by exploding the internal heat of the Earth and can be used to generate steam to run a steam turbine, which in turn generates electricity.

Finally, hydroelectricity comes from the damming of rivers and utilizes the potential energy stored in weather.

Hydroelectricity provides twenty per cent of the world needs.

The other renewable energy sources are used to generate only a very small portion of the world’s electricity.

The use of electricity around the world continues to increase with the increase of population, but electricity production from renewable energy sources is unable to meet this growing demand. That is the reason why non-renewable energy is still used as the main source of electricity.

Authors: Carlo and Matteo

GALILEO GALILEI TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL

POWER STATIONS

HOW THEY WORK

Thermoelectric

Turbines are driven by the steam produced by the combustion of fossil fuel (coal, oil and gas).

Electronuclear

Turbines are driven by the steam produced from the heat generated by the nuclear fission of uranium.

Geothermal Hydroelectric

They exploit produced by steam.

the energy underground

Turbines are driven by kinetic energy of the water collected in large reservoirs, or by the movement of ocean tides and waterfalls.

Wind

Power is produced by aerogenerators which harness the kinetic energy of wind. As wind flow crosses the blades of windmill, this is forced to rotate and can be used to generate electricity.

Solar

Special plates harness solar energy and transform it into electricity. Solar energy can be used in two ways to generate electricity: photovoltaic cells and solar thermal plants exploit solar energy to produce steam which drives turbines.

Author: Davide

WIND POWER Wind is generated by the sun’s uneven heating of the earth’s surface.

Since the earth’s surface is made of very different types of land and water, it absorbs solar heat at different rates. One example of this uneven heating can be found in the daily wind cycle.

During the day, the air over land heats up more quickly than the air over water. The warm air over the land rises, and the heavier, cooler air rushes in to take its place, creating wind. At night, the winds are reversed because the air cools more rapidly over land than over water.

Wind energy is mainly used to generate electricity. Wind is a renewable energy source because wind will blow as long as the sun shines.

Since early recorded history, people have been harnessing the energy of the wind. Wind energy propelled boats along the Nile River as early as 5000 B.C. By 200 B.C., simple windmills in China were pumping water, while vertical-axis windmills with woven reed sails were grinding grain in Persia and the Middle East.

Like old windmills, today’s wind turbines use blades to collect the wind’s kinetic energy. The wind flows over the blades creating lift, like the effect on airplane wings, which cause them to turn. The blades are connected to a drive shaft that turns an electric generator to produce electricity.

Two types of wind turbines are used today, based on the direction of the rotating shaft (axis): horizontal-axis wind machines and vertical-axis wind machines. The size of wind machines varies widely. Small turbines used to power a single home or business facility and they may have a capacity of less than 100 kilowatts. Some large commercial-sized turbines may have a capacity of 5 million watts, or 5 megawatts.

Larger turbines are often grouped together into wind farms that provide power to the electrical grid.

Wind plant owners must carefully plan where to locate their machines. It is important to consider how fast and how much the wind blows on the site. Wind speed generally increases with altitude and over open areas that have no windbreaks. Good sites for wind plants are the tops of smooth, rounded hills, open plains or shorelines, and mountain gaps that produce wind funnelling.

Most of the wind power plants in the world are located in Europe and in the United States where government programs have helped support wind power development. The Unite States ranks first in the world in wind power capacity, followed by Germany, Spain, and China. Denmark ranks ninth in the world in wind power capacity, but generates about 20% of its electricity from wind.

Authors: Alessandro and Mauro

SOLAR ENERGY Record-high oil prices make both wind and solar energy increasingly competitive. Fear of climate change should brighten prospects for any alternative to fossil fuels, which release the greenhouse gases that cause global warming.

That is the reason why more and more multinationals are making longterm investments in solar energy. The sun gives us energy in two forms: light and heat. For many years people have been using solar energy to make their homes brighter and warmer. Today, we use special equipment and specially designed homes to capture solar energy for lighting and heating.

Solar collectors trap the sun’s rays to produce heat. A solar collector may be a box, a frame or a room containing these parts:    

Clear covers, which let in solar energy; Absorber plates, which soak up heat; Insulation materials, which prevent heat from escaping; Vents or pipes, which carry the heated air or liquid from inside the collector to where it can be used.

 COVERS Many clear materials can be used as covers for solar collectors, but glass is perhaps the most common. A special type of glass, which resists breaking and scratching, is generally used for solar collectors.

When sunlight passes through glass and hits a surface inside a solar collector, it is transformed into heat. While allowing sunlight to pass through, glass traps the heat produced inside the collectors.

 ABSORBERS Absorbers are dark-coloured objects that soak up heat. The heat produced inside a solar collector is soaked up by metal sheets or containers filled with water, rocks, or bricks that have been painted black or another dark colour. Without absorbers, solar heating systems would not produce enough heat to warm a house.

 VENTS AND PIPES The heat produced by a solar collector is moved to an area where it can be used.

If the collector’s task is to heat air, then vents, ducts and fans carry the heated air from the collector to another part of the house.

If the collector’s task is to heat water, then pipes, tubes, and pumps move water from the collector to water heating or space heating equipment.

If fans or pumps are required to move heated air or water, the heater is called an active solar heater.

If the heated air or water from the collector moves to another part of the house naturally without fans or pumps, then the heater is called a passive solar heater.

 SUNSPACES Solar collectors have various shape and sizes. A home that uses a room or another part of the building as a solar collector is called a passive solar home.

In many cases, passive solar homes use rooms called sunspaces to capture solar energy directly. A sunspace can be either a room that faces south or a small structure attached to the south side of a house.

Sunspace have a large amount of glass and large areas of dark stone or concrete walls and floors. These materials make up the thermal mass, which absorbs heat.

Vents placed against the black wall of sunspaces allow heated air to move naturally into nearby rooms. At the same time, cooled air from nearby rooms can move into the sunspaces.

 FLAT-PLATE COLLECTORS Another type of solar collector is the flat-plate collector. Flat-plate collectors look like large, flat boxes with glass covers and darkcoloured metal plates inside, that absorb heat. Flat-plate collectors are usually placed on rooves of houses where no trees or tall buildings will block the sun’s rays. Air or liquid, such as water, flows through flat plate collectors and is warmed by the heat stored in the absorber plates. The air or water heated inside the solar collectors then heats air or water inside the house. In an active solar air heater, a fan pushes the air heated inside the collector into a large bin full of rocks under the house. The heat is stored there so it can be used later. In an active solar water heater, the water heated inside the collector is pumped through pipes into a hot water tank.

The first flat-plate collectors were installed on the roof of a house in Los Angeles in 1909. Since then, millions of solar water and space heaters have been installed in homes and other buildings all over the world.

Authors: Luca and Matteo

NATURAL GAS Natural gas, which is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon, is the cleanest and most abundant fossil fuel in the world. Natural gas was formed over hundreds of million years from organic matter. It is extracted by drilling wells into the ground and it is one of the cleanest, safest, and most useful of all energy sources. Drilling can be performed on a land or in the ocean.

Natural gas is primarily composed of methane, although other chemicals are also present such as propane, butane, isobutane, and heptane. It is considered "dry" when it is almost purely methane, and "wet" when there is a significant amount of other hydrocarbons. Once natural gas is extracted from onshore and offshore sites, it is transported to consumers through pipelines. Before reaching the pipelines, however, it needs to be purified. It can also be cooled to a very cold temperature and stored as a liquid. Since burning natural gas releases about half the carbon dioxide that burning coal does, increasing its use could reduce the greenhouse gas emissions that are warming the planet. In addition, natural gas could replace oil as a transport fuel. About one quarter of all the energy used in the EU is natural gas and many EU countries import nearly all their supplies. In the USA, natural gas is used to heat more half of the homes.

Author: Lorenzo

OIL Oil is a black viscous liquid consisting mainly of hydrocarbons that is present in some rocks and, once refined, is used as a fuel for heating, internal-combustion engines, lighting and as a solvent. Some experts believe supplies from the oil-rich Middle East may begin to decline soon.

Established oil fields in the United States yield less than half of what they did at their peak in the 1970s. Yet industrialized nations show no signs of slowing down its consumption. With oil prices high and demand outstripping supply, companies are increasingly venturing into rugged areas that only a few years ago they would have ignored. Geologists, for example, are venturing into the remote, icebound waters off the coast of Norway. Oil companies have started working on new projects to drill oil without endangering the local environment. Such projects are expensive and seemed impractical only a few years ago.

Author: Gabriele and Mauro

NUCLEAR POWER Nuclear power is produced using uranium, which is a metal mined in various parts of the world. Nuclear power produces around 10% of the world’s energy supply. In nuclear power stations, turbines are driven by the steam produced by nuclear fission, that is the splitting of the atomic nucleus into two nuclei under the impact of another particle. Though this type of power station requires little fuel, it contains dangerous radioactive materials and produces ionizing radiation, which is one of the most serious pollutants in the world.

In addition, nuclear power stations produce dangerous radioactive waste which is difficult to eliminate. Unserviceable nuclear reactors, for example, cannot be dismantled, and have to be left where they are for many years, even centuries, leaking radioactive substances into the air, water and soil. This can cause a rise in the radiation levels and a consequent increase in the number of genetic mutations.

Another potential risk is the transport of radioactive substances from the chemical plants to the nuclear stations, from the stations to the waste processing plants and from there to disposal sites. Any accident during transport or production could cause a catastrophe.

Author: Simone

-

Wind turbines “VARESE LIGURE”

https://cleantechnica.com/2014/01/09/varese-ligure-italy-small-town-high-renewables/

- Wind turbines “ROVERAZZA (MELE)” The largest wind turbines in Northern Italy, nearly one hundred metres of the tower was officially opened, a hundred and fifty the total height, a turbine E101 3 MW, produced by ENERCON. The plant will produce clean energy equivalent to twice the needs of private users of the small town on the heights of Voltri. The energy produced will be sold to the private company Enel, which funded the project, while the City of Apples will be 3% of annual profits.

- Wind turbines “ RIVOLI VERONESE�

The wind farm consists of 4 wind turbines of 2 megawatts (MW) each for a total capacity of 8 MW. It will produce 16 million kilowatt hours for years equal to the energy needs of about 18,000 people. Climate change due to global warming is one of the problems that humanity will face in the third millennium. The wind power plant of Rivoli Veronese will make a significant contribution to this step and will save almost 3,000 tons of oil equivalent per year, reducing 7,300 tons of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. The project was developed and designed in detail so as to limit the impact on the territory, mitigate and compensate them. On this aspect, once the construction site, it will restore the land on pitches and the passing areas and will proceed to restore the habitat and the colonization of the tree species typical of the area. It will also proceed to the redevelopment of so-called 'dry meadows' adjacent to the implant with the planting and the regret of wild orchids.

In the vicinity of the wind farm it will be built a bike path that will connect to the existing one that runs along the Biffis channel, in addition to the creation of a specially dedicated educational tour.

http://www.100-res-communities.eu/communities/best-practices/the-community-of-the-rivoliveronese-wind-farm

- Wind Farm “VALBORMIDA A CAIRO MONTENOTTE�

The wind farm of Cairo Montenotte, with its six machines, has the largest wind park in Liguria (4.8 MW total rating). Both the design and the building is a lot of care to the environmental aspects, the development of the area is given, involving in building the European leading companies in their sectors. The electrical cabinets of Cairo wind farms, for example, were made in the style that characterizes the cabanas for agricultural equipment in the area, as well as to better integrate these anthropic structures with the environment and impact as quickly as possible on the landscape.

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/272892687_fig1_Fig-1-Valbormida-windfarm-15-listening-points-orange-squares-six-operational-wind

- Wind Farm “Stella�

This is a 800 kW tower, added to the other three with the same power in operation since 2007 in the territory of the municipality of Stella, Savona. The wind farm "Five stars", the first built by FERA in Liguria, has a rated output of 3.2 MW. Since 2007, the wind farm "Five Star" produced around 24,000 MWh of clean energy, avoiding the emission of over 15,000 tonnes of CO2 and consumption of 17,000 barrels of oil, saving for national economic balance of over 1.3 million euro. Throughout his life, the park will avoid the import of a super-tanker of 200,000 tons and the emission of 150,000 tons of CO2.

http://www.thewindpower.net/windfarm_en_1317_stella.php

- Wind turbines “Montoggio�

It will produce 140,000 kilowatt hours for year, transforming the wind into electricity. And the new 24 meters high wind turbine will be inaugurated by the City of Montoggio which funded the plant of renewable energy, produced by the company Air. The turbine is expected to generate for the city administration a net profit of around EUR 15,000 per year, fully paying back its cost in 15 years.

ALL THE WIND POWER IN LIGURIA IS CAN BE FOUND ON THIS WEBSITE: http://www.thewindpower.net/zones_en_7_liguria.php

Author: Lorenzo and Fabio

Wind Power Production in Liguria 70

58,1

60

50

58,1

58,1

47,1

58,1

46

46

40 MW 33

33

30 30 23,1

23

19

20

16,6

15

11,3 10

7

9

0 2008

2009

2010

2011

Years of production

2012

2013

2014 MW

2015 numbers of sites

2016

WIND TURBINES IN LIGURIA The aim is to assess the current wind energy potential in the Liguria region, Italy. Data for a monitored period up to six and half years from 25 stations distributed over the four provinces of Liguria (i.e., La Spezia, Genoa, Savona and Imperia) have been analyzed. From the data obtained on the 25 stations, only 4 of them seem to be eligible for energy production, but, due to other constraints such as environmental protected areas, only one of them seems the only one where the wind potential - which has been quite stable in the years can be effectively exploited.

Ligurian wind warms British homes. A true paradox: the energy produced by the three wind turbines operating on the high ground of Stella San Martino (Savona), the place of birth of Italy’s former president Sandro Pertini, ends up in the electricity network of British Petroleum, which was this year’s highest bidder for the green energy generated on the mountain sides above Savona.

GALILEO GALILEI TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL

A SHORT OUTLINE “Galileo Galilei” is a technical high school in Genoa.

It was founded in 1893 as a school of Arts and Crafts. At that time the seat was very well equipped with laboratories and workshops and it was managed by private entrepreneurs. In 1923 the “Galileo Galilei” became a Technical Institute, the first one in Liguria, our region, and one of the oldest in Italy.

In 1934, thanks to the highly qualified teaching staff and severity of leading technical studies, besides technically advanced equipment, the school was awarded “the pride of the City Council”.

In 1987, the school was one of first institute to introduce the pc for the math and physic’s study.

In 2004 the two Institutes "Einaudi-Casaregis" combined with “Galileo Galilei” Industrial and Technical High School, giving birth to the State Institution of Higher Education "EinaudiCasaregis-Galilei“, each one still retaining its study courses and specificity. Today the school is not so big as in the 1980s, but it still has got an important role in Genoa.

We have got a lot of laboratories in our school: physics, chemistry, informatics, and others. At the informatics lab we study subjects like S.T.A. (Sciences and Applied Technologies) and C.A.D. (Computer Aided Design). The former is the study of materials and their properties, the latter deals with designing what we will practically build in 3D thanks to software like AUTOCAD, AUTODESK and INVENTOR. In this laboratory there are about twenty computers, one for each student.

We have a chemistry lab at school where we do most of the experiments. In the lab we set four tables on a blackboard where the teacher and his assistant explain the procedures to be performed step by step. When we enter the lab, we need to wear lab uniforms, rubber gloves to handle liqueurs and perishable glasses. No food must be introduced.

Each time you have to form groups to carry out the tasks assigned.

Our gym is divided into two parts. It is coloured with blue, it is not so big and thick. Sometimes it is necessary to share it with other students. In this way we can play football and volleyball at the same time.

Our school organizes different types of sports activities.

A lot of these are optional and they take place in extra-school times.

During the school we do some tests, as: - high jump - push up - speed - long jump - shot put - abdominal tests The best students in the same categories are challenging for the title of “School Champion�. At the end of the school year, there is also a prize!

Every year the school organises a football tournament. This competition is dedicated to the students that died before finishing school.

Our school organises extra school meetings to learn the rules of beach volley. After learning how to play, the physical education teacher organizes some real matches. This tournaments are organized during extra school hours, both in winter and summer.

DISCOVERING ROBOTICS AT THE SCIENCE FESTIVAL IN GENOA

GEMUN Genoa Model United Nations

Erasmus+ project

By Ellen and Maria

Content/Overview 

Sustainability in Germany



Statistics: Why are only few people living sustainable



Internet statistic



Survey at the Goethe-Gymnasium



Survey in town (Kassel)



What is the most important aim of sustainability in the world?



Survey at the Goethe-Gymnasium



Survey in town



Survey at a horse ranch



Sustainable development goals



importance of sustainibilty for the german tourism (chart)



Working for sustainable enterprises (diagram)



Trademark studie



Our project idea

Sustainabilty in Germany 

Abolition of nuclear power plants until 2022



Waste seperation and und recycling



Renewable energy



Public transportation



Nature sanctuary

Why are only few people living sustainable?

1. …because of missing education(22%) 2. …because of the situation of life(26%) 3. …because of the family income(15%) 4. …because of the personal attitude(29%) 5. …because of other reasons (8%)

https://www.umsicht.fraunhofer.de/de/nachhaltigkeit/agnachhaltigkeit/aktuelles/nachhaltigkeitsbericht-sophiescholl/_jcr_content/contentPar/pressarticle/pressArticleParsys/textbloc kwithpics/imageComponent2/image.img.large.jpg/1460403789940_nach haltigkeit-international160x120px.jpg

Why are only a few people living sustainable?

0%

8%

1% convenience family income personal attitude

28%

life situation

62%

lack of education other reasons

1%

Questioning of 58 pupils at the Goethe-Gymnasium between the 9th grade and the Q-Phase

Why are only a few people living sustainable

8% 10% convenience

6%

family income

48%

personal attitude life situation lack of education

15%

other reasons

13%

Questioning of 52 people in town

What is the most important aim of sustainability in the world?

1%

22% no poverty

42%

Peace and equality no starvation

13%

renewable and clean energy resources protection of the wild and sealife

22%

Questioning of 78 pupils from the Goethe-Gymnasium between the 9th grade and the Q-Phase

What is the most important aim of sustainability in the world no poverty

zero hunger partnerships for the goals quality education gender equality

7% 0%

0%

8%

3%

clean water and sanitation

6%

affordable and clean energy

0%

decent work and economic growth

14%

7%

industry, innovation and infrastructure reduced inequalities

0% 6%

9%

sustainable cities and communities responsible consumption and production climate action life below water

3% 13% 11% 3%

7%

peace, justice and strong institutions life on land good health and well being

Questioning of 35 people in town

What is the most important aim of sustainability in the world clean water clean energy

good health

14%

12%

climate protection more clean establishments

12% 26%

less exhaust fumes/air polution I do not know what is meant by that/what that is

10%

17%

9%

Questioning of 128 people on a horse ranch in Rotwesten, which is near Kassel

http://i1.wp.com/www.un.org/youthenvoy/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/E-SDGPoster_Tabloid-e1441829593955.jpg?resize=1800%2C1165

• This chart is about the importance of sustainibilty for the german tourism now and in five years • There clearly is a difference shown since the importance is increasing rapidly • Nearly 38% of the people in five years will think that sustainibilty has a huge importance • This chart is from 2015

http://www.forumcsr.net/global/images/cms/Pressemeldungen/2015/1502 27mascontour_grafikbefragung_72dpi_de.png

• This diagram informs us about the amount of people of different ages who would like to work for sustainable enterprises

• Almost half of the people being interested in sustainable workplaces are between the ages of 21 and 34 • The least amount of people being interested in this is of the age of 65 or older • The younger generations are thinking about sustainabele workplaces in comparison to the older generations http://infographic.statista.com/normal/infografik_ 2435_Altersverteilung_der_Personen,_die_bevorzug t_fuer_Unternehmen_arbeiten,_die_sich_fuer_Nach haltigkeit_einsetzen_n.jpg

• About a trademark studie: • 71% want to have ecological and social responsible trademarks and 41% would pay more for this • 67% wish to have regional trademarks, while 37% are ready to pay more in order to get this • 60% of the people would pay a surcharge for meat products, if there is a better animal welfare

• All the people, that have been asked have already reched th age of 18 • In total 1000 people were asked

http://apverlag.de/clickandbuilds/Word Press/MyCMS4/wpcontent/uploads/2015/06/graf ik-ipsos-handelsmarkenkonsumentennachhaltigkeit.jpg

Our project idea 

Large poster at the external wall of the school (panorama)



How does Germany look in 2050 – different years



Slogan



Materials:



Large, white cloth towel



Fabric paint



Eyelets and ties Ösen as a fixation (at the windows)

INDUSTRIAL CHEMICAL DISASTERS IN NORTH ITALY:

CENGIO (LIGURIA) AND SEVESO (LOMBARDIA)

ACNA ACNA, an acronym for National and Affinity Dyestuffs, has been an important Italian chemical company from 1929 to 1999 at Cengio, in the up-hills of Genoa, mainly known for the pollution of soils and waters in the area, associated with its activities. On March 26, 1882, the Municipality of Cengio authorized the construction of a dynamite factory. Sulfuric acid, oleum and tritium were produced. However, the effects of the pollution began to be felt: for years the river Bormida's water was no longer able to drain, the fog and the rain brought the phenol to the ground, and in 1909 the MondovĂŹ praetor forbade its use.

Many aqueducts were also closed. In 1931, ACNA was sold.

On the 12th May 1956, a great demonstration of all the valleys took place to protest against the pollution. The closure of aqueducts continued and the pollution grew a lot. Many people were affected by cancer and malformations due to the gases discharged into the air such as sodium hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide or hydrogen sulfide.

SEVESO There are heavy metals, normally used, as mercury, cadmium and lead that become potentially dangerous, if they reach certain concentrations.

Cadmium is used predominantly in the manufacture of batteries and can go to the environment causing kidney, bone marrow and pulmonary emphysema. Lead, normally used for example in vehicular carriers, absorbed in the body, can severely damage the kidneys and lead to poisoning. Among the most polluting chemicals we find the dioxins used in the production of herbicides. Dioxin pollution, causing health problems to humans and animals, causes a considerable increase in prenatal deaths and births of children with severe malformations. Well known is the Seveso disaster that occurred in Italy in 1976, where a dioxin-containing toxic cloud was released from a tri-chloro phenol production plant, causing serious disadvantages for man and the environment.

MT HAVEN’S SHIPWRECK

Haven is the largest shipwreck in the sea and lies at a depth of 33m to 83m off the coast of Genoa. Today it is a popular tourist attraction with deep sea divers. On the 11th of April 1991, the Cypriot ship Haven was unloading a cargo of 230,000 tons of crude oil to the floating platform in Multedo, 11 kilometres off the coast of Genoa, Italy.

On the following day, MT Haven was to be towed close to the coast, in a bid to reduce the coastal area affected and make intervention easier. As the bow slipped beneath the surface, a steel cable was passed around the rudder and tugs applied towing pressure. But it was quickly clear that the ship had broken its back, and the bow section came to rest in 450m of water. On the 14th April, the 250m long main body sank two kilometres far from the Ligurian coast between Arenzano and Varazze.

The oil that was contained in the ship spread to the sea causing pollution from the sea, flora, fauna and all living beings in the vicinity.

The wreck of the ship is still at the bottom of Arenzano's sea and continues to pollute the sea.

THE PARK OF NERVI’S CLEANING

In the city of Genoa, thanks to the initiative of a group of students nicknamed "Green Angels", in the Park of Nervi, east of the city, a vegetable restocking has been going on. Unfortunately, the park had been largely destroyed by a tornado. It was October 14th 2016, when wind over 150 km/h had raised pines and oak trees along the coastline of Genoa, breaking and throwing them up. The numbers of that disaster were impressive, worse than a decimation: 196 trees lost forever (86 cypresses, 50 pines, 36 oaks and 24 among different varieties).

TOXIC ALGAE

An algal bloom is a rapid increase or accumulation in the population of algae in freshwater or marine water systems, and is recognized by the discoloration in the water from their pigments.

The cyano bacteria were mistaken for algae in the past, so cyano bacterial blooms are sometimes called algal blooms. Blooms which can injure animals or the ecology are called "harmful algal blooms" (HAB), and can lead to fish die-offs, cities cutting off water to residents, or states having to close fisheries.

Holidaymakers have been advised not to bathe along two stretches of the Italian coastline because of the invasion of a kind of toxic algae which, when they bloom, release neurotoxins into the air. People who come into direct contact with the algae can suffer respiratory problems or minor skin irritation. Swimming has been banned at beaches near the northern city of Genoa after a 60-year-old man was taken to hospital.

Subsequent tests showed it was the same type of algae that caused 200 people in the Genoa area to seek hospital treatment the previous year.

The Italian health ministry said the algae do not represent a significant risk to health but insisted that the temporary bans had been put in place for the good of swimmers.

SAND: THE GOLD OF THE SEA

A new WWF dossier about the sea pollution talks about some important questions regarding our beaches. It is concentrated particularly on the topic of bathing establishments, and their environmental impact.

Sometimes in Italy there are some irregular constructions that cause an impoverishment of the beaches and other dangerous natural activities, for example, the coastal erosion. This kind of pollution is documented in the report “Sand: the gold of many to the benefit of few“. This report describes some irregularities in our country, particularly about the free beaches stifled by degradation.

For the WWF president, it is important to improve an environmental policy, and also to guarantee a good environmental preservation. This is a really important question in Italy, because places like Liguria, Sicily, etc. “are where lots of riches are concentrated”. In the last part of the dossier, the WWF indicates the main solutions to save our seas: control over the new coast edification, lock of bathing establishments, automatic concessions, and cooperation between ministers, regions and municipalities, it will be very important to improve the quality of the new measures.

! !

CO2 - Emissions! in Europe!  

Swantje Kramer!

Q1 !

Politics & Economics !

CO2 - Emissions in Europe

1

Table of Contents
 Page

Topic

3

Introduction

4

CO2

5

Meat Production

6

Automobile Industry - Car Production

7

Automobile Industry - CO2 balance through trees

8

Conclusion

9

Sources

2

Introduction!

!

!

Europe produced around 4.300 billion tons of CO2 in 2015. Even though it is 1.300 billion tons less than in 1990, it is still too much.!

I asked myself, how this huge amount of CO2 output was produced. !

So I decided to take a look at different CO2 - producers in Europe.!

For me, the two topics, which do not get enough attention are meat production and automobile industry.!

Most people know about the CO2 output of cars, but they do not know how much it really destroys our planet. !

I bet that almost nobody thinks about meat production, when it comes to CO2 emissions.!

! ! !

3

!

CO2!

To talk about CO2 output, one first needs to know what it is.!

CO2, also known as carbon dioxide, consists of 1 carbon atom and 2 oxygen atoms. !

It is colorless, scentless and not flammable. CO2 is a natural component of the air and one of the most significant greenhouse gases. It absorbs a part of the heat, which were delivered to the universe, and beams it back to the earth. !

CO2 appears in our earth atmosphere as a byproduct of cell respiration and also while burning wood, coal, oil and gas. Furthermore, disintegration of organism and volcanos also set carbon dioxide free. In contrast to other substances, CO2 doesn't disintegrate. It either will be stored by waters or disintegrate through photosynthesis of foliage plants.!

!

What does it mean for our climate? The enrichment of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere rises every year, but the huge amount of carbon dioxide cannot be converted. Thus, less of the radiated heat can disappear into the universe. Consequences are the warming of the global climate, the melting of polar caps and the increase of the water level. The weather also changes. There are more and more extreme heat waves. Deforestation and warming of oceans lead to less CO2 binding. Global warming has huge impacts for humans, animals and plants, because heat waves and floods destroy harvests and biotopes.!

! ! !

4

Meat Production! !

Not only that meat production needs a lot of water. It also sets tons of CO2 free. !

Western and eastern Europe together produce 707 million tons per year. A cause could be the traditional meals and of cause the cheap meat price. If vegetarian food were cheaper, I guess less people would buy meat.!

!

To produce 1 kilogram meat, one needs around 5 kilogram feeding stuff.!

To grow these feeding stuff, a lot of forest has to be stubbed.!

Instead of producing corn and soya for people to eat, especially for the ones, who live in these regions and starve, 1/3 of the grain crop is produced for animals. In fact, more people could feed on 5 kilogram vegetables, than on 1 kilogram meat. !

!

In addition, a lot of water is needed, too. To produce 1 kilogram beaf, one needs 15.000 liter water1. This water could be used for people do drink and wash, because there are still people, who have no access to fresh and clear water. !

Meat production, including methane out of the stomach of the cows, the food production and the deforestation, amount to 20% of greenhouse gas emissions. !

!

Important to know are the numbers of CO2 output. !

Every kilogram of beef sets around 13,3 kilogram CO2 free. Laughing gas, also called nitrous oxide, is also produced in meat production. It is 300 times more climate-damaging than CO2 and needs 114 years to reduce. In comparison, the same amount of apples would produce 0,5 kilogram CO2 and tomatoes only 0,2 kilogram2. !

As one can see, a vegetarian lifestyle would save a lot of CO2 output.  1

peta.de

2

greenpeace.de

5

Automobile Industry!

!

Car Production !

!

Before a car is able to pollute the environment by driving hundreds and thousands of kilometers, is first has to be produced. The process of car producing sets as much CO2 free, as one would produce while driving 30.000 kilometers.!

In Europe, the most cars are produces in England, Germany, France and Italy.!

When it comes to car driver, I found out that in 20133 Luxembourg were on the sole lead with 659 cars per 1000 inhabitants, Italy on the second place with 606 cars per 1000 inhabitants and Cyprus on the third place with 575 cars per 1000 inhabitants. Germany is listed ninth with 575 cars per 1000 inhabitants. !

! !

To estimate the CO2 output of a car, I found an example4. A car, which needs 8l benzine per 100km, has a tank capacity of approximately 55 l. 40 kilogram benzine are filled into the tank every time. This benzine is burned and at the same time the carbon (of the benzine) WITH the oxygen of the air. HENCE CO2 develops. !

One kilogram Benzine produces 3 kilogram CO2, because every carbon atom needs two oxygen atoms. Oxygen is heavier than carbon, thus the CO2 is 3,6 times heavier than a single carbon atom.!

Every tankful produced around 150 kilogram CO2.!

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

3

autobild.de

4

daserste.de

6

CO2 balance through trees!

!

As we all know, trees can transform CO2 to other products during their photosynthesis.

Glucose, which they use to survive. Fresh Oxygen, which enables people to breath and water. The remaining carbon atoms are stored in the trunk. !

!

The molecular formula is the following:!

6 CO2 + 12 H2O -> C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2 (Oxygen) + 6 H2O (Water)5!

!

I guess it would be important to mention how many CO2 a tree can bind. I found a good example6 of a 23 meter beech, which has a caliber of 30 centimeters at a 1,30 meter height of the stem. A tree like this needs 80 years to grow. One needs to look at the dry weight this tree bears in its leaves and stem. The tree of our example could bear 600 kilogram dry weight. This amount can bind one ton CO2. In this 80 years a beech binds around 12,5 kilogram per year. So after this 80 years, one ton CO2 is converted. Above I mentioned how many kilogram CO2 one tankful produces and now we know, that a tree can only bind 12,5 kilograms per year. To bind the amount of CO2 of one tankful one needs 12 trees. With every tankful one can drive around 700km. A car driver in Germany approximately covers a distance of 10.000 km per year, this would be around 14 tankfuls of 55 liter, which leads to a production of 2.100 kilogram CO2. To bind this amount of CO2, one needs around 168 trees.!

This is just an example. It doesn’t reflect the statistics perfectly, because there are other criterions, which play a role.!

Other consumptions, which produces CO2 are not included!!

! ! ! ! ! ! !

5

wald.de

6

handelsblatt.de

7

Conclusion !

!

The automobile industry, as well as the meat production, are just two causes for a rising CO2 output. To balance this, the world would need much more trees and waters.!

Actually, people should try to solve this problem, where it begins, instead of trying to make the best out of it. !

I guess, a big problem is that many people do not think about the effect of their behavior and they do not care about their environment. CO2 output could be easily degraded by using bicycles for a short distance, taking the bus to work or eating less meat from factory farming. !

! !

8

Sources!

!

Page 4:!

• https://www.co2online.de/klima-schuetzen/klimawandel/was-ist-co2/ !

• http://www.biologie-schule.de/co2-emission.php!

!

Page 5:!

• http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/gleam/images/fig5.png!

• https://www.greenpeace.de/themen/landwirtschaft/fleischeslust-was-das-stuck-lebenskrafttatsachlich-kostet!

• http://www.peta.de/weltwassertag#.WeSVGxSeg1g!

!

Page 6:!

• http://www.autobild.de/artikel/eu-statistik-zur-autodichte-4180949.html!

• http://www.vol.at/vc-produktion-eines-autos-verursacht-so-viel-co2-wie-30-000-kilometer/ news-20110224-01133457!

• https://www.tz.de/auto/auto-so-viel-fahren-deutschen-kilometer-im-jahr-zr-7134604.html!

• http://www.daserste.de/information/wissen-kultur/wissen-vor-acht-ranga-yogeshwar/sendungranga-yogeshwar/2011/wie-viel-co2-produziert-ein-auto-folge-606-100.html !

!

Page 7:!

• http://www.handelsblatt.com/technik/energie-umwelt/klima-orakel-wie-viele-baeume-sind-noetigum-eine-tonne-co2-zu-binden/3201340.html!

• http://www.wald.de/wie-viel-kohlendioxid-co2-speichert-der-wald-bzw-ein-baum/!

! ! ! ! ! !

! ! ! ! ! !

! ! !

9

2007 Greek forest fires

Location

Greece:

Peloponnese, Attica and Euboea

Statistics Date(s) 28 June 2007 - 3 September 2007

Burned area 670,000 acres (2,711 km2) Cause heat wave, arson, and wind

Fatalities

June: 9 July: 5 August: 67 September: 4 Total: 84

Non-fatal injuries: Exact number unknown - number believed to be several dozen people.

The 2007 Greek forest fires were a series of massive forest fires that broke out in several areas across Greece throughout the summer of 2007.

The most destructive and lethal infernos broke out on 23 August, expanded rapidly and raged out of control until 27 August, until they were put out in early September.

The fires mainly affected western and southern Peloponnese as well as southern Euboea. The death toll in August alone stood at 67 people.

In total 84 people lost their lives because of the fires, including several fire fighters.

Some of these firestorms are believed to be the result of arson while others were merely the result of negligence.

Hot temperatures, including three consecutive heat waves of over 40 °C (105 °F), and severe drought rendered the 2007 summer unprecedented in modern Greek history.

From the end of June to early September, over 3,000 forest fires were recorded across the nation.[6] Nine more people were killed in blazes in June and July.

A total of 2,700 square kilometers (670,000 acres) of forest, olive groves and farmland were destroyed in the fires, which was the worst fire season on record in the past 50 years.

Of the total of 2,700 km², 1,500 km² (370,000 acres) were burnt forests in Southern Greece alone.

Many buildings were also destroyed in the blaze. The fire destroyed 1,000 houses and 1,100 other buildings, and damaged hundreds more.

The fires at Olympia

Olympia, site of the ancient Olympics and World Heritage Site, was evacuated on 26 August 2007.

Fears were expressed for the survival of the ruins of ancient Olympia lying near the raging fire.

The famous statue of Hermes of Praxiteles and nearby antiquities were spared from the fire, but the yard of the museum where the statue is housed was scorched.

According to the official statement of former Minister of Culture Georgios Voulgarakis, no serious damage was caused to the antiquities.

The fire burnt all the trees on the hilltop above, and an area of brush and open space adjacent to the Olympic Academy.

The fire did not damage the archaeological museum nor did it damage the several ancient structures in the area.

"The wider archaeological space of Olympia remains intact," stated Mr. Voulgarakis.

Despite the Minister's claims, it has been established, as of 26 August, that the afflicted damage is of greater importance and scale; the sacred Hill of Kronos was totally burnt during the blaze. The hill was left blackened, but will soon be reforested.

New Culture Minister Michalis Liapis has stated that 3,200 bushes and saplings will be planted on the Hill of Kronos, to return the area to its previous appearance.

Lusika Elezi Greece

The severe negative impacts of climate change have already begun to be felt and, as seems to be worsening.

Climate change is an outrageous case

Destruction of assets, violent displacements, droughts, disappearances of species and many similar phenomena will have additional costs for the global economy.

By 2030, climate change is expected to cost the global economy $ 700 billion a year, according to researchers.

Contamination of the atmosphere

Contamination of the atmosphere is another major problem of modern societies, as it has been observed more intensely over the last few decades alongside the progress made by man.

Factories, power plants, ore processing plants (eg copper foundries), modern transport (cars, airplanes) are responsible for the emission of harmful gases and particulates into the atmosphere.

Air pollution sources are also natural phenomena such as fires and the volcanic eruption. In particular, in large industrial cities, air is so polluted that it is

distinguished by the change in color.

It is called "smog", it is brown in color and is harmful to both people who breathe it and to trees, plants and animals. In many areas, pollution of the atmosphere has harmful effects on agricultural production and on the food we consume.

The acid rain The phenomenon of acid rain has been observed over the last decades in the industrial areas of the Earth. Car exhaust gases, gases (mainly sulfur and nitrogen) emitted by power plants and other industries are mixed with water and made acidic.

So, the rain (or snow) that falls on Earth and contains the harmful and molten gases is called acid rain.

Acid rain is detrimental to humans and animals as well as to plants, rivers and lakes as well as to the organisms living there. When the rain is contaminated, lakes and rivers die and huge areas of forests are destroyed.

Also, acid rain pollutes the drinking water consumed by humans and, of course, animals. Additionally, acid rain has a negative effect on rocks, such as marbles, limestones, basalt, and others. Ancient monuments that have been exposed to weather for thousands of years because of acid rain suffer erosion with the risk of losing their form and becoming dust in a few years.

LILOS ALEXANDROS 2nd Junior High School of Amaliada

World Scientists’ Warning to Humanity: A Second Notice

15,000 Scientists Sign “Second Notice” Warning About Climate Change Some of the Greek scientists who signed the petition Alexandridis, Nikolaos Biologist Greece Kaloudis, Triantafyllos PhD Chemist EYDAP SA Greece Geropoulos, Antonios phd student / invasion ecology / marine ecology University of Crete Greece Dimopoulos, Panayotis Professor in Botany and Ecology University of Patras, Department of Biology Greece Dailianis, Thanos Postdoctoral Researcher, Marine Biology Hellenic Centre for Marine Research Greece Badouvas, Nicholas MSc Student on Oceanography and Environmental Management National and Kapodistrian University of Greece Greece Hatjina, Fani Researcher A', Honeybee behaviour

Division of Apiculture, Institute of Animal Science, Hellenic Agricultural Organization;DEMETER; Greece Karachle, Paraskevi Researcher Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research Greece Kokkoris, Giorgos Assistant Professor, Statistical and Mathematical Ecology Dept. of Marine Sciences, University of the Aegean Greece Mavridis, Avraam Lecturer of Agroenvironmental Management Systems/ GIS Analyst Perrotis College, American Farm School of Thessaloniki Greece Kornilaki, Ekaterina Associate Professor in Developmental Psychology University of Crete Greece Kornilaki, Ekaterina Associate Professor in Developmental Psychology University of Crete Greece Zourellis, Andreas Energy Engineer Greece MAVRAKI, DIMITRA ENVIRONMENTALIST HELLENIC CENTRE FOR MARINE RESEARCH Greece Mertzanis, Yorgos Senior Scientist CALLISTO - Wildlife and Nature Conservation Society Greece NALETAKI, MARIA RESEARCH ASSISTANT, OCEANOGRAPHY HCMR Greece

MINOS, GEORGE Associate Professor Alexander Technological Educational Institute Thessaloniki Greece Poursanidis, Dimitris Postdoctoral Researcher Foundation for Research and Technology Greece Nicolopoulou Stamati, Polyxeni Prof. Environmental Pathology MSc Environment and Health Sapacity Building for Decision Making Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Greece Psaralexi, Maria Researcher Aristotle University of Thessaloniki / Callisto - Wildlife and Nature Conservation Society Greece RODOTHEATOS, GERASIMOS RESEARCHER WITH THE EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING PANTEION UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS Greece TRICHAKI, KYRIAKI ACADEMIC STAFF IN MUSIC EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF CRETE Greece Soros, Ioannis Evolutionary Biologist Greece Tsagarakis, Konstantinos Post-doc researcher Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research Greece Youlatos, Dionisios Associate professor Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Biology Greece Valavanis, Vasilis Research Scientist / Geographic Information Science Hellenic Center for Marine Research Greece

Tzanakis, Constantinos Professor of mathematics & Physics Dep. of Education, University of Crete Greece “In 1992, the Union of Concerned Scientists and the majority of Nobel laureates in the sciences penned the “World Scientists’ Warning to Humanity.” Pointing to growing problems like ocean dead zones, biodiversity destruction, climate change, and continued human population growth, the scientists argued that “a great change in our stewardship of the Earth and the life on it is required, if vast human misery is to be avoided.”

Now, 25 years after this initial dire warning, over 15,000 scientists from 184 countries have signed a much more urgent letter to humanity.

Led by William Ripple, an ecologist at Oregon State University, the “second notice” to humanity warns that we are on a collision course with the natural world, and that “soon it will be too late to shift course away from our failing trajectory.”

“Since 1992, with the exception of stabilizing the stratospheric ozone layer, humanity has failed to make sufficient progress in generally solving these foreseen environmental challenges, and alarmingly, most of them are getting far worse,” the scientists write.

In particular, the authors fear that rising greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel use, deforestation, and agricultural production significantly raise the risk of catastrophic climate change. As the growing population continues to stress ecosystems, more communities will face water shortages, failed harvests, and growing unrest.

The authors write: “By failing to adequately limit population growth, reassess the role of an economy rooted in growth, reduce greenhouse gases, incentivize renewable energy, protect habitat, restore ecosystems, curb pollution, halt defaunation, and constrain invasive alien species, humanity is not taking the urgent steps needed to safeguard our imperiled biosphere.”

Globally, freshwater resources continue to be depleted, ocean dead zones continue to expand, and the amount of species and forestry continue to plummet at unprecedented rates. Our growing population, land use, and fossil fuel use are threatening the very foundations for life on Earth.

Is There Hope?

Twenty-five years ago, scientists feared that our rapid population growth and economic growth were stressing Earth’s ecosystems “beyond their capacities to support the web of life,” and that we were “fast approaching many of the limits of what the biosphere can tolerate without substantial and irreversible harm.”

But despite these dire warnings, scientists aren’t without hope. They point to ozone depletion as an example of reversing humanity’s impact on the environment, and they also note that extreme poverty and hunger have diminished globally, while investments in girls’ and women’s education have contributed to more stable fertility rates.

The authors also note that the renewable energy sector has rapidly grown since 1992, and that some regions have successfully limited deforestation.

But these measures alone aren’t enough. As such, Ripple and his coauthors present 13 different strategies for moving towards sustainability, including: establishing well-funded nature reserves, reducing food waste through education and infrastructure, promoting dietary shifts towards plant-based foods, developing green technologies, and establishing economic incentives to shift patterns of consumption.

Few of these changes can happen without popular support, however, and the authors argue that scientists, media influencers and regular citizens must take action “as a moral imperative to current and future generations of human and other life.”

“Scientists are in the business of analyzing data and looking at the long-term consequences,” Ripple said in a release. “Those who signed this second warning aren’t just raising a false alarm. They are acknowledging the obvious signs that we are heading down an unsustainable path. We are hoping that our paper will ignite a widespread public debate about the global environment and climate.”

In the letter’s conclusion, Ripple writes: “We must recognize, in our day-to-day lives and in our governing institutions, that Earth with all its life is our only home. … Working together while respecting the diversity of people and opinions and the need for social justice around the world, we can make great progress for the sake of humanity and the planet on which we depend.”

November 15, 2017/article by Tucker Davey

sources http://www.efsyn.gr/arthro/heiroteres-apo-anamenomeno-oi-synepeies-tis-klimatikis-allagis

http://www.protothema.gr/environment/article/732288/provlepsi-tromou-apo-ti-nasa-oi-megales-pole

http://www.ert.gr/eidiseis/evzoia/perivallon/pano-apo-15-000-epistimones-proidopioun-gia-tin-katastr

http://scientists.forestry.oregonstate.edu/ http://scientists.forestry.oregonstate.edu/signatories

https://futureoflife.org/2017/11/15/15000-scientists-sign-second-notice-warningabout-climate-change/

SCIENCE:  What would happen if the mosquitoes disappeared?

 And if people disappeared?

Loss of mosquitoes would endanger the survival of many animals, scientists say.

Does this apply to people?

If someone asks you the following question: "What do you think would have a more negative impact on the environment, the extinction of man or mosquito?" I am almost certain that everyone would answer, of course the disappearance of man.

That's what I just thought about when I took over to find out about this for my school project.

And you will not believe what I learned when I was looking for information on this issue. Searching I found that if the planet shook off the mosquitoes, there would be some negative environmental impacts: It is impossible to know this with certainty because, firstly, the mosquitoes are too many and cover many different environments, secondly they feed and feed on a wide range of other creatures and finally because most of these interactions have not been studied.

But it is natural for the people who suffer from annoying stings and bear the burden of the diseases they transmit, to hope that the answer is no. Many birds, bats, amphibians, fish, spiders and other insects feed on mosquitoes. Many mosquito control experts say that although predators do not consume enough mosquitoes to control their population, a loss of mosquitoes would jeopardize their survival. A scientific research on mosquito elimination, published in 2010 in the journal Nature, closes with a comment by the head of the American Society for Mosquito Control, who notes that their extermination would disrupt the environments in which they operate and that "something else, better or worse, would take action ".

 On the contrary, after the disappearance of man things will be like this: 24 - 48 hours later: The lights in the cities will go out. Nuclear stations will go into energy-saving mode.

The windmills will continue to work until they have enough lubrication to keep them running. Photovoltaics will continue to work until they are too dusty to operate. The

current will be cut almost everywhere, unless it is powered by hydroelectric stations, which will gain more time.

3 days later: Metro and underground will flood. There are underground pumps that are activated by humans to prevent water from entering the system even when it does not rain.

10 days later: Pets will have the first problems. Animals locked in homes will start to die of hunger or dehydration. The same will happen to animals in farms such as chickens and cows.

Animals that can escape should either be killed or kill. Small dogs and cats will be the first to be eaten by other animals while large dogs will create herds.

About 1 month later: After the water which Nuclear installations are using for cooling, has evaporated, explosions larger than Chernobyl and Fukushima will

happen. This will result in the death of millions of animals. However, the planet will actually recover from infection fast enough. One year later, satellites and everything else we have sent in space will fall to Earth. It will look like a rain of falling stars that only the animals will be able to see.

25 years later: The roads will be recovered by vegetation that develops under the sidewalk. The wind will be much cleaner. Basically, nature will claim what we have built on it.

100 years later: The Eiffel Tower will collapse. The Golden Gate bridge will collapse. Whatever is made of metal or steel will collapse because no man will be around to preserve the structures from erosion. Marshes will return to the cities and will host many birds. Without humans, marine life will expand its population.

500 years later: There will be no trace of modern cities. 10,000 years later the only sign of human life on Earth will be the stone statues we have created, such as the Pyramids and the Great Wall of China.

100 million years later: Plastic bottles and the remaining pieces of glass will eventually disappear. 300 million years after man there will be no trace of us. If another species comes to our planet, it will not even know that we were there once. (I suppose you had imagined it differently, so did I).

Sources of information: Ntalamara Pavlina B’4 2nd Junior High School of Amaliada

ECOLOGICAL DISASTERS FROM HUMAN ERROR As an ecological problem, we mean disturbing the balance in nature, especially between humans and the environment, which has led to many side effects on nature. Everything that destroys nature improves the life of man. By saying ecological problem we mean the destruction of the natural environment due to human intervention. Sea pollution, depletion of Earth's natural resources, pollution of the atmosphere by car exhausts, habitat destruction, climatic abnormalities such as greenhouse gases, and ozone hole are some of the forms of this problem.

Here are the photos ...

Surf into the ... rubbish.

The Indonesian surfer Dede Surinaya is mastering a wave - and along with plastic and other trash, in Java, Indonesia.

The rubbish kills.

For the surfer the garbage can spoil the idyllic image of the sea but for other living beings it is a deadly threat.

When breathing becomes difficult.

Air pollution and carbon dioxide emissions

from a coal-fired power plant in the United Kingdom.

When the ice melts.

In both Arctic and Antarctic glaciers are shrinking. The picture is from the North East Land in Norway.

Addicted to oil. Overexploitation of natural resources, another symptom of disrespect for nature. Cairn River, California.

Overpopulation.

Aerial view of New Delhi in India. Population 22 million people, that is, 30,000 inhabitants per square mile ...

Nature responds. One of the most powerful and devastating hurricanes in US history, Hurricane Katrina, is hitting the land.

All the problems we face ... we created them ourselves, but now it's too late ... or not?

NIKOS FOTOPOYLOS 2nd Junior High School of Amaliada

ENGLISH GROUP: PROJECT Λεξιλόγιο ανανεώσιμων πηγών ενέργειας: Ελληνικά:

Αγγλικά:

Αιολική ενέργεια

Wind energy

Υδραυλική ενέργεια

Hydraulic power

Κλιματική αλλαγή

Climate change

Γεωθερμία

Geothermal energy

Ηλιακή ενέργεια

Solar energy

Ενέργεια από τη θάλασσα Βιομάζα Ανεμογεννήτρια

Πήγες πληροφόρησης: 1)el.wikipedia.org 2)www.ypeka,gr

Νταλαμάρα παυλίνα Β’4

Water energy Biomass Wind turbine