EMiLA/MLA/MA Landscape Architecture Graduate Catalogue 2021 by ESALA.ECA

EMiLA

MLA

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

ESALA 2021

INDEX -

E D I N B U R G H U R B A N PA R K S

DEAR GREEN GLASGOW

CROMARTY FIRTH

182

ACKNOWLED GEMENTS

326

CHRIS RANKIN, MARINA CERVERA AND SHEENA RAEBURN

A N N A R H O D E S , M A R I N A C E R V E R A , C H R I S G R AY A N D A N N A C AT E R I N A P I R A S

L I S A M A C K E N Z I E , M I G U E L D O M I N G U E S , C H R I S G R AY AND NORMAN VILLEROUX

1 | Identity and Memory Study by Nikki Petrova, Cat Mckellar and Diana Kiszczak

N AV I G AT I O N R E T H I N K I N G T H E U R B A N PA R K

A VISION F OR THE EDINBURGH C OASTLINE

R E - G E N E R AT I N G Z U R I C H ’ S T R A M T R A C K S

GREENING THE MIND

S I LV E R - K N O W E S ‘ C O U N T R Y ’ PA R K

SPECIFIC PL ACE

P O RTO B E L LO B E AC H F RO N T

REIMAGINING THE SHAMIAN ISL AND

CHRIS RANKIN

L I LY H I B B E R T - M A

D I A N A K I S ZC A K - M A

S C O T T M AT H E S O N - M A

C AT R I O N A M C K E L L A R - M A

N I K O L P E T R O VA - M A

A N T O N I S TA M M - M A

Y U H O N G WA N G ( W E N D Y ) - M A

To this day creating a contemporary kind of park remains one of the most difficult tasks for our profession. Gunther Vogt. During a year like no other, the urban park became more than ever a place of calm, of safe gathering, of escape and of exercise. With its origins in the growth of cities during the 19th century and the consequent public health concerns of poor air and water quality, the urban park has always been the space that bridges health, ecology, art, engineering and production. An increasing body of research presents compelling evidence that time spent in nature is beneficial for both physical and mental health. The covid pandemic has brought the importance of access to well designed outdoor spaces in our cities in sharp focus. Layered upon this public health benefit is the role that parks can play in addressing some of the negative effects of the climate breakdown; increased rainfall, more intense periods of sun , drought and stronger winds. It is within this context that the MA4 Landscape Architecture students developed speculative and imaginative proposals for the rethinking of several existing parks within the city of Edinburgh, Zurich and Guangzhou. The work covered both semesters with the students initially working in groups to study the type and distribution of parks across the city, how they relate to the geology and topography of the landscape and the communities within which they lie. Group working allowed detailed study of a selection of parks in terms of hydrology, social history, biodiversity, accessibility and diversity of user groups.

C H R I S R A N K I N , M A R I N A C E R V E R A & S H E E N A S H A E B U R N | R E T H I N K I N G T H E U R B A N PA R K

R E T H I N K I N G T H E U R B A N PA R K

This work helped to shape the individual strategies that in turn formed the basis for detailed park regeneration projects in semester 2. The projects produced this year largely focussed on regeneration and retrofit of existing parks rather than the design of new parks. This is not to underplay the importance of the creation and integration of new parks into the developing parts of the city, rather it demonstrates an interest in the local and the vital role that landscape architects can play in re-imagining tired and under used spaces that nonetheless remain full of potential. The focus on regeneration allowed students to engage in fieldwork, with many using Christophe Girot’s four traces concepts in landscape architecturei; Landing, Grounding, Finding and Founding as a broad framework to structure their design process from initial site engagement to detailed design interventions. Another important source of conceptual stimulus was the excellent book ‘Designing Parks - Berlin’s Park am Gleisdreieck or the Art of Creating Lively Places’ii by Leonard Grosch and Constanze A. Petrow. Particularly pertinent to the students design projects were the strategies for; location, framework, programme, types of nature and stage and stands. While the focus for the year was Edinburgh, the city in which most of us were based, locked down in even, two students studied parks in the home cities in which they were based during the year. One of these projects imagined the transformation of a disused tram line in central Zurich into an active linear park, rich in both biodiversity and programmatic diversity. The other project studied the potential to create a playful streetscape and park within a historically important neighbourhood of Guangzhou, China. Projects based in Edinburgh included the transformation of an existing golf course into an new public park using strategies including natural regeneration and improved accessibility, the regeneration of several local or ‘underdog’ parks, and two projects situated on Edinburgh’s coast line. All the design work this year was deeply rooted in the place with students encouraged to spend time on site, understanding the specificity of the landscape and culture that existed in and around their sites. The work responds to the reawakening realisation of the importance of these spaces for our collective health and well being, to the need to imagine more resilient landscapes that can help mitigate the effects of the climate breakdown and the desire for people of all ages to have well designed, beautiful and stimulating parks within their neighbourhoods.

i Christophe Girot, Four Trace Concepts in Landscape Architecture Recovering Landscape, Princeton Architectural Press, New York, 1999. ii Designing Parks - Berlin’s Park am Gleisdreieck or the Art of Creating Lively Places, Leonard Grosch and Constanze A. Petrow, Jovis, Berlin, 2016.

1 | Hydrology Gradients by Lilly Hibbert and Poppy Main

C H R I S R A N K I N , M A R I N A C E R V E R A & S H E E N A S H A E B U R N | R E T H I N K I N G T H E U R B A N PA R K

01 A VISION F OR THE EDINBURGH C OASTLINE C R E AT I N G A N I N T E G R AT E D S PA C E F O R P E O P L E , E C O LO G Y A N D WAT E R L I LY H I B B E R T

With rising sea levels and climate extremities such as floods and drought, water and hydrology are increasingly important factors when addressing landscape resilience. There is a need to think about water in the landscape differently. No longer can we control water in the environment, instead we must work with wetness to break down the hard barriers in order to encourage water into the urban landscape This coastal park proposal is rooted in the connection to the sea. Focused on providing a multifunctional landscape for people, ecology and water. This park and the parks of the future must take into account the dynamic challenges that climate change and extremities will have on people, ecology and water. In doing so, resilient and dynamic landscapes will lead the way for multifunctional and sustainable infrastructure throughout the urban environment.

1 | Wetness Gradient of the Edinburgh Coastline

L I LY H I B B E R T | A V I S I O N F O R T H E E D I N B U R G H C O A S T L I N E

02 R E - G E N E R AT I N G Z U R I C H ’ S T R A M T R A C K S DIANA KISZCZAK

The design focuses on regenerating an area surrounding a disused tram track. The project aids the existing activities already occurring within the site through providing site-specific elements, keeping in mind the importance of health and well being, as well as paying particular attention to spatial design and the programme of the site. The design also tackles the ‘Urban heat island’ (UHI) effect conditions in Zürich by using specific vegetation in order to encourage the airflow throughout the area. Another important aspect of the project is the introduction of green roofs with pollinator friendly vegetation to provide nutrients for insects such as bees. The project has been divided into three areas according to the different types of buildings on the site. An active area has been implemented next to a climbing centre, a business area has also been introduced in an area occupied by office buildings in order to allow people to use the outside space to enjoy a break as well as to utilise this space to conduct outside meetings. Lastly, an active area has been proposed next to a busy shopping mall for all types of users, encouraging artists to perform on the proposed mini-stages.

VECTORWORKS EDUCATIONAL VERSION

D I A N A K I S ZC Z A K | R E - G E N E R AT I N G Z U R I C H ’S T R A M T R AC KS

New elements

G a

C a

VECTORWORKS EDUCATIONAL VERSION 2 Parkour park

Green roofs with bee hives and pollinator friendly plants

Skatepark

Picnic area

Children’s climbing walls

Adult’s climbing walls

1 | Proposed site plan

D I A N A K I S ZC Z A K | R E - G E N E R AT I N G Z U R I C H ’S T R A M T R AC KS

2 | Treatment of the Tram tracks flush with the ground

8 | Treatment of the Tram tracks above the ground

3 | Treatment of the Tram tracks above the ground

9 | Visual of the active area

4 | Treatment of the Tram tracks with level change

10 | Visual of the business area

5 | Site model displaying the roof gardens

11 | Section of the active area

6 | Illustration of the skatepark

12 | Section of the encounter area

7 | Illustration of the parkour park

03 GREENING THE MIND M A 4 U R B A N PA R K S S C O T T M AT H E S O N

As a result of the ongoing global pandemic, Covid-19, urban parks have played an increasingly important role in acting as a retreat and an escape from lockdown. Urban green spaces were, for many, the only way in which people could be outside of their home or apartment. These green spaces therefore were vital in ensuring that they could get outside and explore natural features and interact with wildlife. Due to this, these urban green spaces play an essential role in supporting the mental health of urban citizens. The endless benefits that green spaces have on the mind were very important within this park design to ensure that the space could be reimagined in the best way possible. What I quickly realised though, after a lot of research, was that people living in deprived areas were often the most likely to suffer with mental health issues. There were many reasons for this, including a lack of close proximity to green space. The most common mental health issues were loneliness and depression and due to this, I wanted to create a space that focused on engaging spaces combined with areas that encouraged community aspects to bridge these mental health issues.

S C OT T M AT H E S O N | G R E E N I N G T H E M I N D

1 | Strategic context map showing the three different parks studied

S C OT T M AT H E S O N | G R E E N I N G T H E M I N D

2 | Proposed visual - skatepark element of the playscape 3 | Proposed visual - children play area of the playscape 4 | Focus area plan - large water feature centred within the park 5 | Transect & water feature - relation to the people, paths, drainage system and open space 6 | Focus area plan - playscape area of the park 7 | Visual - raised viewing platform atop the largest sustainable drainage system 27

04 S I LV E R K N O W E S ‘ C O U N T R Y ’ PA R K S I LV E R K N O W E S G O L F C O U R S E , E D I N B U R G H C AT M C K E L L A R

This project takes the current Silverknowes Golf Course and transforms it from a large barrier to the sea for local neighbourhoods: To a large site to pass through to access the sea... To a location in its own right, for the locals but also for the wider city. This project aims to bring the local people from the neighbourhoods of Silverknowes, Muirhouse, and the new Granton Development down to the coast of the city - the Cramond Promenade. By designing this park to lead people down to the coast, it also delves into the current Climate Crisis, taking the mono-culture of the golf course and diversifying it with areas of natural regeneration, meadow, and swathes of woodland. With proper programming and many events involving the community from its conception, it will become a local hub. The site will provide a plethora of experiences for many different users – for locals out for quick exercise, for people from further afield wanting a peaceful coastal and woodland walk, or for kids wanting to meet their friends and take advantage of the sport facilities – there should be something for everyone.

1 | Former Golf Club turned Community Centre Visual

C AT M C K E L L A R | S I LV E R K N O W E S ‘ C O U N T R Y ’ PA R K

2 | Secluded Woodland Walks - once the new planted woodland has reached maturity 3 | The “Rewilding” area of the park - users will use a boardwalk to pass through so it remains undisturbed, but appreciated! 4 | The woodland growing - how the Pine woodland will evolve overtime 5 | The Meadow - walking through the planted, formal meadow area in summer 6 | Outdoor Classrooms - situated close to the path, local schools can benefit from this new park

05 SPECIFIC PL ACE T R A N S F O R M I N G N E I G H B O U R H O O D PA R K S N I K O L P E T R O VA

In a world where resources are scarce, we can no longer afford to waste them. In an ever-growing urban context, where open space is no longer easily attainable, but a privilege, it is unwise to underutilise the space we do have. We often equate open space to quality space. However, all it takes is to venture away from the city centre into a residential neighbourhood, to realise that there are neglected open spaces which have none of the qualities assumed of parks, but instead create areas to be avoided, disinterested in, and scared of. This project recognises the importance of neighbourhood parks for the local population, ecology, and wider city. It is a project which seeks to understand why certain parks are more loved than others, and what it is that makes a place “specific”. It aims to apply this knowledge to three physically similar though contextually different settings in Edinburgh, in order to enliven and enrich them. Parks can become cherished spaces not based on their location or history, but their opportunities for specific use and discovery. Through long-lasting, sustainable design with a high focus on tangible use, Specific Place aspires to positively transform the places which have the greatest and most immediate impact on the outdoor life of locals. 36

1 | Conceptual collage

N I KO L P E T R OVA | S P E C I F I C P L AC E

2 | Collage of collected community memories from Newcraighall Public Park 3 | Proposed hedged perennial garden in Newcraighall Public Park 4 | Sketch showing dynamic and spatial path system and planting aimed at hiding and revealing views in Newcraighall Public Park 5 | Sketch showing the hedged perennial garden at Newcraighall Public Park 6 | Section of wetland area and bird hide in The Jewel 7 | Isometric study of seating deck, stepping down to the Braid Burn, in The Jewel 8 | Isometric study of boardwalk and its stepped-down expansion, allowing interaction with the water, in The Jewel 39

06 P O RTO B E L LO B E AC H F RO N T T R A N S I T I O N A L PA R K A N T O N I S TA M M

The shift from an existing parking lot to an inclusive park aims to strengthen the connection of the local community with the landscape. The intention for this project is to create an urban green space that interacts with a wider context of people and ecology. A raised plaza extends from the High street, opening the coast through a civic atmosphere terracing down into the park. The existing woodland is thinned down and re-planted with native trees to promote local biodiversity and amend contaminated soils. Interventions around the Figgate Burn aim to bring its sensory qualities to light, creating an interactive path that brings people onto the promenade. As a whole, the park responds to the surrounding growth of urban housing projects by containing a diverse program and by creating transitions to the coast.

1 | Birds eye view

A N TO N I STA M M | P O RTO B E L LO B E AC H F R O N T

Plaza

Carpinus betulus

Sorbus aria Euonymus fortune Hippophae rhamnoides

Play lawn

Calamagrostis acutiflora Step seating

Coastal meadow mix Symphoricarpus albus

Tennis court

Shared use pedestrian and cycling path

Mulch Path

Raised ledge

Swale

Lifeguard seating

Reed bed

Figgate Burn

A N TO N I STA M M | P O RT E B E L LO B E AC H F R O N T

07 REIMAGINING THE SHAMIAN ISL AND Y U H O N G WA N G ( W E N D Y )

“A creative playground is only half a creative space; it’s also a creative attitude. And we’re changing attitudes as much as we’re changing spaces.” -- Jay Beckwith, 1973

Shamian (Shameen in Cantonese pronunciation) is a sandbank island in

an old district of Guangzhou city in China. The island’s name literally means “sandy surface” in Chinese. Shamian is bordered to the south by the Pearl River, and it is separated from the mainland by an artificial canal. It

is a place with such strong characters - historical European architecture, huge trees as well as linear and neat spatial design. It is a site that supports residential living and tourism.

The current design of the island has an emphasis on touristic value, which

means residential needs, such as children’s play opportunities, may be put

aside. To encourage more outdoor play and learning activities for kids and teenagers, this design aims to integrate play within the site, weaving children-oriented spaces within the existing site's character.

YUHONG WANG (WENDY) | REIMAGINING THE SHAMIAN ISL AND

1 1 | Tree play - Encouraging close contact to one of the site characters - trees.

6 50

5 1

1. tree play 2. sand playground 3. waterfront platform 4. natural play & informal sports 5. play street

YUHONG WANG (WENDY) | REIMAGINING THE SHAMIAN ISL AND

FULL BLEED IMAGES - IF DESIRED THROUGHOUT

2 | Fieldwork sketching - green avenue 3 | Fieldwork sketching - green avenue 4 | Collage - edible garden 5 | Play street - The path to the park is transformed to a play street with child-friendly street furniture design and natural planting. 6 | Natural play & informal sports area - As this area is very close to the primary school and kindergarten, the design considers improving its functions including supporting tourism, outdoor jogging and natural play. 7 | Site plan - The site plan shows 5 areas for changes. 51

“Staying with the trouble requires making oddkin; that is, we require each other in unexpected collborations and combinations, in hot compost piles. We become-with each other or not at all.” Donna Haraway, extract from Staying with the Trouble

THE MLA STUDIOS AN INTERTWINED JOURNEY

In the second year of the Masters in Landscape Architecture programme, students' knowledge attainment focuses on discovery, analysis and decision forming. Students devote time to fieldwork, site observation and the pre-conceptual analysis of a given territory. This year the Covid-19 pandemic has restricted our access to the studio, and fieldwork has not been possible for some students, but together we have navigated new modes of communication and found ways to make multiple interconnectivities and inter-dimensional readings of the Cromarty Firth and Dear Green Glasgow landscape. Students have engaged in a virtual collaborative world, testing the bounds of their projects, translating and drawing investigative threads together with determination and creativity. During this year long journey, the students' work finds meaning through different investigative scales, ultimately settling in a chosen site where they can test their ideas within a specificity of place and also within a specificity of time. Work produced in the studio is necessarily precise but finds meaning through the act of experimentation where bespoke representational methods seek to signify vital relationships between ecological processes, social occurrences and cultural practices.

1 | Govan Graving Docks, 2019 (Image: reGlasgow)

N AV I G AT I O N DEAR GREEN GLASGOW

POSITIVE CORONA

B I R D - F R I E N D LY U R B A N M AT R I X

R E T U R N T O N AT U R E

NO MEAN CITY

KNITTING GREEN

T H E B R E AT H I N G S P O N G E C O M M U N I T Y

E N TA N G L E D G L A S G O W C I T Y

100

T H E G R E E N C YC L E N E T W O R K A L O N G T H E C LY D E

106

GROUNDED

112

GLASGOW RO OTS

118

F LOW I N G TO G E T H E R

124

M Y N A M E I S C LY D E

130

ANNA RHODES

C AT H E R I N E B R O W N E - E M I L A

ZHUORUI CHEN - MLA

S H U YA O D O U - M L A

ST E F FA N GW Y N N - M L A

HANG HU - MLA

YUXIN HU - MLA

ZHE HU - MLA

HELIN HUANG - MLA

BENJAMIN JONES - MLA

LAURA MAZZA - MLA

S TA N I S L AVA O D R L J I N - E M I L A

K AT R I N S C H N E I D E R - E M I L A

A GL AS S OF MEMORY

136

E C O - A G R O PA R K S

142

GLASGOW’S CITY GARDENS

148

THE GLASGOW NEURONS

154

URBAN WOODLAND

160

A CIT Y IN THE F OREST

166

DEAR GREEN GLASGOW

172

HANA SHIN - MLA

YUCHENG WU - MLA

Q I A N YA N G - M L A

ALEX TSZ YIN YUNG - MLA

BINGWEN ZHANG - MLA

YA O Z H A N G - M L A

YUQI ZHU - MLA

2 | Aerial view of the Glasgow Garden Festival in 1988 (Image: Glasgow Live)

A N N A R H O D E S, M A R I N A C E R V E R A , C H R I S G R AY & A N N AC AT E R I N A P I R A S | D E A R G R E E N G L A S G O W

3 | Dunes and Mini Train at Glasgow Garden Festival, 1988 (Photo: The Mitchell Library) 4 | Perpetual Tap, 1988 (Photo: Sunday Mail) 60

5 | Huntarian Museum, The Crystal Pavillion at Glasgow Garden Festival, 1988

The Dear Green Glasgow studio invited students to examine the complex urban fabric of inner-city Glasgow. Two major events gave context to this studio: the Glasgow Garden Festival held in 1988 and the upcoming UN Climate Change Conference (COP26) to be hosted by Glasgow later this year. Starting from the scale of a show garden to voice and activate change, the Dear Green students have grown their projects to speculate landscape-led futures for the city of Glasgow.

Dear Green Garden The studio commenced with a critical investigation of the Glasgow Garden Festival; the third of five National Garden Festivals held between 1984 and 1992. The six month long horticultural and entertainment event was conceived as a regeneration tool aimed at encouraging investment and to ameliorate the negative impacts of de-industrialisation in five of the worst-hit cities. The Glasgow Garden Festival was situated on the south bank of the River Clyde, an area of former shipyards once key to Glasgow’s identity and economy.

A N N A R H O D E S, M A R I N A C E R V E R A , C H R I S G R AY & A N N AC AT E R I N A P I R A S | D E A R G R E E N G L A S G O W

DEAR GREEN GLASGOW

North of the Clyde and opposite the former Garden Festival site, COP26 is set to re-activate the inner-city banks of the Clyde. It will be the largest international summit the UK has ever hosted and will be a huge moment for Glasgow and international climate change policy. This is an opportunity to step up climate action in Scotland and beyond; to take action now but to think long term. Collectively we considered a re-contextualisation of the garden festival addressing its place in current and a future society. Guided by the agenda and satellite activities surrounding COP26 and contemporary landscape theory and design interests, students designed show gardens as platforms to test, challenge and communicate landscape design solutions to complex socioenvironmental issues.

Dear Green Place The opportunity for the Glasgow Garden Festival 1988 to be retained as a public park was lost from the outset. The land lease lasted for the duration of the festival and much to the disappointment of the Glasgow people after the festival was decommissioned; the site owners sold off plots of land to various interested developers. The popularity and investment into this event offered the potential to resurrect Glasgow’s riverside heritage and reconnect the city to the Clyde, and though portions of the site have been economically successful, now referred to as the ‘media quarter’, today the surrounding area is socially deprived and its environmental legacy is questionable. Launching from the scale and locations of their show gardens, students grew their projects to define a landscape framework and strategic vision for the city. Within individually defined territories students zoomed in to detail their proposals within the specificity of a site, or network of sites. The projects showcase innovative landscape design that foregrounds and addresses urban social and environmental pressures such as urbanisation, pollution, loss of biodiversity, sustainable food production, management of water resources and the impact of climate change. The diverse scope of the creative projects presented in this catalogue are reflective of the independent positioning and critical thinking of the Dear Green students.

A N N A R H O D E S, M A R I N A C E R V E R A , C H R I S G R AY & A N N AC AT E R I N A P I R A S | D E A R G R E E N G L A S G O W

6 | Stana Odrljin. The Crow's Song of the Clyde 7 | Ben Jones. Tessellating Communities 8 | Laura Mazza Selkie Seaweed Farm 9 | reGlasgow. View south from Govan Graving Docks, 2019 (Following page) 63

01 POSITIVE CORONA HOW CAN WE MAKE POSITIVE CHANGE THROUGH C19? C AT H E R I N E B R O W N E

Coronavirus has created a burden on our parks, commons and streets. Now more than ever there is pressure on public spaces and people have begun to reclaim and take ownership of the abandoned spaces of our cities. The industrial and commercial heartlands of Glasgow have been left abandoned since the dockland closures of the 1980s. The building of motorways in the 1970s initiated the redirection of trade away from the rail lines and out of cities and divided communities, impacting traditional markets and their gradual decline over the succeeding decades. Now the relatively new commerce of online shopping has negated all need to interact or share physical space with people and has caused the traditional high street to decline. During coronavirus this is ideal, however it is not sustainable and there are movements, such as Degrowth, which aim to reintroduce interaction, the exchange of skills, resources and local information. This project aims to facilitate and encourage the creation of ‘emergency corona parks’ and help people see value in what they already have. The proposals can be used to create semi-permanent parks or free spaces to reflect the rich history of the industrial derelict sites around Glasgow and work with the existing ecological and material resources. They will provide spaces for community growth and exchange. A place to grow food, learn new skills, create, exercise and have access to nature. This project focused on the ‘Bellgrove Cattle Market’ yet the ideas can be extrapolated to other sites.

| POSITIVE CORONA C AT H E R I N E B R OW N E

1 | Home For Lost Masks - Installation to change perceptions on ‘coronavirus litter’

| POSITIVE CORONA C AT H E R I N E B R OW N E

2 | Animated Secion Proposal - See QR code for video 3 | Photographic Survey of the Cattle Market - East, Interior, West 4 | Recipe for a Community Flash Cards 5 | Inventory Drawing - See QR code for video 6 | Site Analysis - Reviewing SIMD and abandoned infrastructure

Glasgow Common Land Mapping

Derelict Land Survey

Open Parks

Strava Active Travel Routes

02 B I R D - F R I E N D LY U R B A N M AT R I X R E G E N E R AT E G L A S G O W C E N T R E O P E N S PA C E B Y I M P L E M E N T I N G B I R D - F R I E N D LY M AT R I X ZHUORUI CHEN

Urbanisation is one of the most intensive forms of landscape and habitat transformation, resulting in the loss of species and taxonomic and functional homogenization of different communities. Glasgow is a city with a high degree of urbanisation. Especially in the central area where the dense urban fabric is dominated by commercial buildings and residential areas. Looking at the open space distribution map of Glasgow, we can see that open space in the city centre is fragmented and small, in large quantity but of low quality. We should reactivate these broken green spaces to increase the environmental, social and economic benefits of the city. My design intention was to explore the transformation of these small public spaces by creating bird-friendly spaces. Birds are agents to create and attract citizens to go out of their homes and visit the public space, they can bring vitality and dynamism to the green space. From the perspective of birds, these numerous small public spaces are rare green resources within the dense urban fabric of the city. The green fragments embedded in an urban matrix can serve as movement corridors and stepping stones for different bird species. It is important for birds, other wildlife, and people to make efforts to protect habitats close to human habitation and to bring birds to the places in cities where people live, work, raise children, are educated, travel, and play. I selected the abandoned dock area situated on the south bank of the River Clyde and a car park opposite this site on the north bank to focus my detailed design proposals. Involving citizens in decision-making and maintenance, as well as increasing public interaction by providing a place to educate and change attitudes towards birds was an important part of the design.

1 | Vision 2050

Z H U O R U I C H E N | B I R D - F R I E N D LY U R B A N M A T R I X

2 | Design Stages in Site 2

3 | Site surrounding environment analysis

Z H U O R U I C H E N | B I R D - F R I E N D LY U R B A N M A T R I X

03 R E T U R N T O N AT U R E S H U YA O D O U

The River Clyde is an important river that runs through the heart of Glasgow, we often hear the phrase: Glasgow made the Clyde, and the Clyde made Glasgow. Indeed, Glasgow’s cultural history cannot be separated from the River Clyde, throughout history, humans have repeatedly engineered the shape of Clyde river bank to meet the requirements of each period. It is difficult for the River Clyde to create more favourable conditions for cities and people’s lives, and there are still many environmental challenges brought by rapid industrialisation and urbanisation. Reflecting on my field trip to Glasgow, the River Clyde gave me the impression that people can't get close to it. Although people run, ride, stand next to the guardrail or feed the seagulls, people still lack close communication with the river they once had. I noticed that the large areas of abandoned green space around the river channel were not used and that these areas of vacant and derelict land further alienate people from the Clyde. Reuse of green space is important. Green space can be used to connect the surrounding communities with the River Clyde. This also provides an opportunity to build a green network around the River. Various social programmes can be assigned to each green space based on the needs of people of different age groups within the community.

1 | Concept Drawing S H U YAO D O U | R E T U R N TO N AT U R E

S H U YAO D O U | R E T U R N TO N AT U R E

04 NO MEAN CITY C ONNECTING PEOPLE AND PL ACES IN CARMYLE ST E F FA N GW Y N N

Carmyle is a suburb in the east end of Glasgow that lies directly north of the River Clyde. Spanning the river is a derelict bridge, which was opened in 1897 as part of the Rutherglen and Coatbridge Railway. This bridge fell into disuse and disrepair during the early 1980s and became the focus of gang-related activity. Today, the viaduct is fenced off and public access is restricted, and there is serious concern among the local community about its potential re-opening. The title of this project borrows from that of the famous Glasgow novel about gang violence in the Gorbals district of the city, which is itself a quotation from the Bible. In the Book of Acts, Paul the Apostle describes Tarsus as ‘no mean city’, meaning that it is not an obscure or insignificant place. This meaning reflects the ethos that has driven my research and design into the landscape of Carmyle, looking for the significant in what might, typically, be thought of as insignificant. My proposals are responsive to the particular characteristics and challenges of this site. They are rooted in a concern for the local community’s lived experience and imagine a future in which the abandoned railway will form an important active travel route, connecting people with each other and with the landscape around them. Ideas for an extensive programme of community engagement were also developed, with the emphasis on building community ties and stewardship opportunities.

STEFFAN GWYNN | NO MEAN CITY

1 | Exploring the existing and historic landscape of Carmyle through drawing

Renovated riverside path Seating

+12m

River

Clyde

iii Railway Path, Carmyle Viaduct, Mural Space and connecting stairs

1:100

Mural space Steps to Rutherglen and Coatbridge Railway Path

Section CC

1:50

Project

No Mean City, Portfolio 4 ESALA

Drawing Title

Proposals: Carmyle New Park and Rutherglen and Coatbridge Railway Path

Purpose

Detailed Design

Scale

Various scales to scale at A1 - see individual drawings

10m

STEFFAN GWYNN | NO MEAN CITY

2 | A new mural space underneath the viaduct will involve the community in reshaping their environment 3 | The mural space will connect with the proposed Rutherglen and Coatbridge Railway Path 4 | A ramp will connect the railway path with Kenmuir Road and Carmyle New Park on the north bank of the River Clyde

Bespoke lighting

Pipistrell bat

Day and night

Safety

Pipistrellus pipistrel-

National Cycle Route No. 75

Seating

Stobo Castle

Scottish apple varie-

Edible landscape

Alpine strawberry Fragaria vesca

Emperor Moth

Saturnia pavonia

Clear sightlines Pollinators

River Clyde

Sense of place Sculptural waymarkers

Meadowsweet

Heritage

Lancera

5 | Exploring key ideas relating to the proposed path along the disused Rutherglen and Coatbridge Railway

05 KNITTING GREEN REIMAGINE URBAN ED GES IN GL ASGOW HANG HU

The project is located in the waterfront area of the Clyde, where the city’s history can be read through the shifts of the riverbank. The Clyde has always played a key role in shaping Glasgow, but in the postindustrial era, it has become a forgotten edge isolated from its context and reveals a place with an identity crisis. The lost industrial sites have contributed to a large amount of urban hardscape that segments the city edges, resulting in a fragmented city fabric that lacks social and environmental connectivity among humans, non-humans, and places. In response to the overarching issue of a lack of connectivity, this project seeks to reimagine urban edges and bring people closer to the water, to find a new identity within the post-industrial context. The project proposes a methodology of using hedges as a system to form new edges to permeable spaces and to encourage connectivity among different urban actants. This project likens the framework, in which hedges are used as green infrastructure to reclaim the land, to a ‘knitting’ process. To knit is to weave different threads of assemblages and build connections. This project regards ‘hedges’, ‘humans’, ‘non-humans’, and ‘places’ as the ‘threads’. The process of embedding them into the city fabric, socially and environmentally, is to weave a lasting green infrastructure legacy for future generations.

1 | Concept drawing HANG HU | KNITTING GREEN

HANG HU | KNITTING GREEN

06 T H E B R E AT H I N G S P O N G E C O M M U N I T Y YUXIN HU

As a rainy country, the UK has frequent rainstorms and floods. In the future, the Met Office predicts that the UK will face more frequent extreme weather. How should we handle rainwater, to scientifically and efficiently use rainwater resources and alleviate the pressure on the urban drainage network? This has become an important issue in the context of urbanisation and city planning. 'Sponge city' is a new urban rainwater management concept, which means that like a sponge, cities can be absorbant and resilient in adapting to environmental changes and responding to natural disasters. By breaking the hard surface of the city it can ‘breathe’. To realise the principles of a sponge city concept, the use of Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) is important. By mimicking natural drainage regimes, SuDS aim to reduce surface water flooding, improve water quality and enhance the amenity and biodiversity value of the environment. SuDS achieve this by lowering flow rates, increasing water storage capacity and reducing the transport of pollution to the water environment. Although the existing drainage pipe system can solve a lot of the rainwater problems, according to the speculation that rainfall will increase in the future, excessive rainwater may disrupt people’s daily life. Ecological rainwater measures will not only gently collect rainwater but also improve the quality of public green space, so that rainwater can coexist with the city and its inhabitants.

1 | Festival park on rainy days Y U X I N H U | T H E B R E AT H I N G S P O N G E C O M M U N I T Y

0 year

Step 2Use the crashed concrete to reshape river banks.

10 years

Step 3Aquatic plants grow and soften river banks.

20 years

Step 4Aquatic plants expand to form floating islands.

Y U X I N H U | T H E B R E AT H I N G S P O N G E C O M M U N I T Y

Step 1The existing river bank is hard. Crashed the concrete.

3 years

07 E N TA N G L E D G L A S G O W C I T Y B R I N G B A C K N AT I V E W O O D L A N D T O U R B A N V O I D S ZHE HU

This project is inspired by the entangled roots of trees in the forest and developed into a strategy entitled 'Entangled Glasgow City'. It proposes to use the Miyawaki Forest method to plant within urban voids, potential superfluous roads and large patches of parking spaces, aiming to bring back the native woodland to the inner city of Glasgow and intertwine with human communities. Rapid urbanisation has resulted in areas where Glaswegians are rarely in daily contact with nature and wildlife. An aspiration for urban nature guides me to reflect on the possibility of transforming vacant and derelict land into urban woodland and reestablishing local involvement. Using species of 'potential natural vegetation' and planting thirty times more densely than a typical woodland can be a compact and successful way to establish a diverse, multi-layered woodland community in just 15-20 years. Small, dispersed urban voids can be reactivated by planting woodlands inspired by the Miyawaki Forest method. These woodlands would serve as accessible nature in urban space, a magnificent supplement to open space as well as an essential composition of urban ecosystems to fight climate change. As the woodland germinates and spreads out like the root system of a tree, it can grow into an interlinked network providing significant ecological services and green amenity values.

1 | Entangled cities in 2120 Z H E H U | E N TA N G L E D G L A S G OW C I T Y

Planting in 2021

Management work in 2023

Prepare the soil adding perforator materials on the soil

Planting

Watering

plant 3-5 native saplings per square metre

Water the forest once a day

Watering

Weeding

Canopy layer oak

birch

Sub-canopy layer

hazel aspen

Understorey layer holly

Seedings & leaf litter layer

Miyawaki Forest

Nursery Field

Leisure Plaza

Natural Playground

Collect seeds and seedlings from the Miyawaki Forest and nurture them for two months. Seedlings can be planted to the nearby miniature forest site.

Volunteers, school children and visitors can have a rest under the canopy.

Covered with soft materials and rubber where children can play with the left 'building' materials and learn more knowledge about local tree species and woodland.

Z H E H U | E N TA N G L E D G L A S G OW C I T Y

2 | Planting for miyawaki forest in 2021-2023 3 | Dynamic system in preliminary forest in 2021-2023 4 | Paradise for more-than-humans in quasi-forest in 2035 5 | Section of central educational and recreational site 6 | Sequential succession stages of miyawaki forest

08 T H E G R E E N CYC L E N E T W O R K A L O N G T H E C LY D E H E L I N H UA N G

The design concept is to build a bicycle-leading green system. The bicycle system seeks to: 1. Improve people’s life quality. 2. Create continuous greenways and habitats. 3. Connect and strengthen regional culture and history. The selected area is at the core of former industrial culture on the banks of the River Clyde. The first phase of the bicycle system will include a series of cycle-related infrastructure and two cycle-friendly parks. In the future, the bicycle system will expand connecting to more roads and communities. Local people will adopt the way of cycling and walking resulting in healthier lifestyles. Greenhouse gas emissions have been reduced, and the air quality in Glasgow has improved. The plants in the greenway grow densely, forming a wildlife corridor and habitat along the river, attracting a large number of animals to migrate and live here and extend to other areas of the city. The bicycle system connects the main attractions and landmark buildings in the area, strengthens people’s understanding of the history and culture of the River Clyde, and also attracts more people to visit Glasgow.

HELIN HUANG | THE GREEN CYCLE NETWORK

1 | Masterplan of bicycle-leading system

HELIN HUANG | THE GREEN CYCLE NETWORK

2 | Touring the cycle park 3 | Masterplan of the cycle park

09 GROUNDED A S A LT M A R S H F R A M E W O R K F O R R E S T O R AT I O N , RECONNECTION, AND RESILIENCE IN THE RUINS OF THE ANTHROPOCENE B E N JA M I N JO N E S

Grounded transforms the site of Glasgow Airport into a public saltmarsh park, restoring contaminated land, reconnecting communities of humans and non-humans to the landscape, and creating a dynamic and resilient space that will protect communities from the effects of the climate crisis and allow them to react to future changes. This is facilitated by the creation of Y.our Land, an app that empowers communities to monitor, nurture, and advance the formation of their landscape over the next 200 years and beyond. The project acts as a case study for the creation of a wider saltmarsh network, laying down a framework for other potential sites to respond to the changing climate and other harmful effects of the Anthropocene. This proposal looks back at historic uses of the land on which Glasgow Airport now sits to seek to provide a resilient landscape for now, while looking ahead for future generations at all times. Infrastructure on the site will be recycled and converted for the benefit of the community, including nature lookout towers, plane fuselage pods, a community centre, and saltmarsh science labs - and access will be provided for all members of society through a boardwalk. The project taps into the unrivalled carbon storage potential of saltmarshes, utilising the remediating ability of sediment and marsh vegetation, and creates a framework to protect and empower communities of humans and non-humans well into the future.

BENJAMIN JONES | GROUNDED

1 | Glasgow Airport saltmarsh in 2100

BENJAMIN JONES | GROUNDED

5 2 | An inclusive boardwalk provides access to the multifunctional fuselage pods 3 | The Air Traffic Control tower has been converted into an Ecological and Climate Observation tower 4 | As sea levels and temperatures rise, the marsh adapts with new structures and vegetation 5 | Y.our Land app has multiple features that together create a virtual information commons, providing a platform where people can participate in marsh monitoring, care, and other community events

10 GLASGOW RO OTS R O OT I N G , G R O W I N G , T H R I V I N G C O M M U N I T I E S LAURA MAZZA

Glasgow is characterised by its deeply rooted industrial history which, through industrialisation and deindustrialisation, caused citizens displacements and uneven urban development. Its urban area is now peppered with plots of abandoned land which sometimes hold a dystopian aura of affliction, sometimes show a naturally regenerated habitat, and all together amount to 1100ha, roughly 11km2. Glasgow Roots focuses on tackling local and global issues through holistic placemaking. The site taken into consideration is a cluster of derelict land in neighbourhoods in the north of Glasgow, between Lambhill and Port Dundas. The primary intention of this design project is to activate underused land and reverse the anthropogenic damage caused by (de)industrialisation by creating a model that allows actors from all the kingdom of living species to safely coexist and thrive. This model, which could be used in other clusters of derelict land in the city, would let the now self-contained urban environment transform through the encounter with other living beings and through collaboration both within and across species. This proposal wants to start a transformative transition of the ruins of past developments into a regenerative network of retrofitted landscapes where dynamic interactions, multi-species and patchy habitats trump the alienation and disconnection caused by abandonment, un-bridled growth, and simplification. Different uses of the landscape and different habitats will lead to a post-carbon society and create an urban polyphony of living beings rooted in working landscape which are ecologically, socially and economically connected at all layers.

1 | Glasgow Roots logo LAURA MAZZA | GLASGOW ROOTS

LAURA MAZZA | GLASGOW ROOTS

11 F LOW I N G TO G E T H E R FR OM SMALL TO L AR GE S TA N I S L AVA O D R L J I N

The Clyde River, though polluted and disturbed, once unified the different social classes of Glasgow and provided a connection with the rest of the world. Now, it is a void in the city. However, as industry disappeared, wildlife began to return to the river and its tributaries. Residents´ interaction with this returning nature often consists of small acts of stewardship. As many of these lands along the river system are sites of former industry, contamination persists in the ground, discouraging new urban developments, while flora and fauna thrive. The project first explores the meaning of the Clyde River in Glasgow – using singing as a way to reclaim the spaces through a show garden festival. As a second step, the project proposes restoring the river tributary system within the city to offer local communities greater interaction and care of the new landscape, as well as a protected space for fauna. The newly-recovered tributaries can include bike paths, to create a way of democratically traversing the city, always along with nature. To understand the spatial values, atmospheres and contamination – field work was carried out. Additionally, a song was written from the perspective of a crow – a bird of disturbed lands – and performed in an attempt to view the landscape from another’s eyes and to understand the more experiential (sound) qualities of the space. Local groups of people – such as rowing clubs – were interviewed in order to understand all the ways in which they care about the river, and to try to consider how this could be built upon. 124

1 | The Song of the Clyde's Crow

125

STA N I S L AVA O D R L J I N | F LO W I N G TO G E T H E R

126

STA N I S L AVA O D R L J I N | F LO W I N G TO G E T H E R

2 | Upper left, show garden materiality 3 | Second left, show garden scenes 4 | Third and bottom left, fieldwork and taking contamination home, photos by Stanislava Odrljin 5 | Right upper, new network of recovered tributaries with found values of stewardship (from interviews) 6 | Right lower, tributaries with soil contamination of historical industrial sites 127

12 M Y N A M E I S C LY D E D E A L I N G W I T H A H I G H LY E N G I N E E R E D E C O S Y S T E M K AT R I N S C H N E I D E R

My name is Clyde. I was once a beautiful river, meandering freely through the land… With these words, the River Clyde introduces itself and continues with a description of how it has changed over time, mainly due to human influence. The river has been essential for the development of Glasgow, but it has been overexploited. Today its banks are either derelict or used for major infrastructure and the connection between the city and the river is lost. The show garden visualises this common development.Asphalt symbolises the human layer that lies on the landscape, but it can be peeled back just like the lid from a tin. What comes to light is the unpleasant past of human intervention on the environment, but it also makes space for a more optimistic future. This idea is translated to a bigger scale for the River Clyde. The intention is to shift the perspective from a human point of view to the river’s view. To deal with this highly engineered ecosystem, various theories like degrowth, reverse-engineering and design with change were tested. The main conclusion is, that there needs to be a different understanding of what a river is. It is not only a flow of freshwater across the land, a water body. The River Clyde is all the processes within its water body, it is the river bed it lies in and the banks where it touches the land. It is all the tributaries that flow into it, it is the whole catchment and it is part of the global water cycle. Thinking about a healthy future for the River Clyde means recognising it as a river body, as the indivisible and living whole it is.

130

K A T R I N S C H N E I D E R | M Y N A M E I S C LY D E

1 | Evolution of the River Clyde ...and many other rivers

131

FOUNDATION FRESH WATER + FISH

MERCHANT CITY SHIP INDUSTRY TRANSPORT

REGENERATION

FUTURE GLASGOW

TRANSPORT

ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

"GLASGOW MADE THE CLYDE AND THE CLYDE MADE GLASGOW"

132

"GLASGOW HAS TURNED ITS BACK TO THE RIVER"

DREDGING

HARD QUAYS

TIDAL WEIR

SEDIMENTATION

SOFT BANKS

TRANSITION

K A T R I N S C H N E I D E R | M Y N A M E I S C LY D E

ST R U C

VAC A N

HARD

IT TS

AY 135

13 A GL AS S OF MEMORY RESPONSE FR OM GL ASGOW’S DISTILLERIES TO THE C L I M AT E A N D B I O D I V E R S I T Y C R I S E S HANA SHIN

A Glass of Memory aims to create a hybrid landscape of closed-loop urban ecological systems, based on the principles of industrial ecology, giving a prominent role to the reclamation of water within a restored urban ecosystem. The project focuses on the transformation of a vacant brownfield site along the River Clyde waterfront adjacent to Clydeside Distillery. This contemporary building incorporates the Pump House, an important Glasgow landmark and monument to the city’s industrial and dockland heritage. The designed distillery landscape will act as a prototype to the restoration of a forgotten urban waterfront landscape to one that provides cultural opportunities for Glasgow residents and its visitors. The project will provide a framework for the creation of designed semi-natural habitats which support an increase in biodiversity alongside future urban developments. It will demonstrate good practice for the transformation of an urban waterfront towards a more resilient, sustainable and productive space. At the same time, it will provide a place that provokes memories of Glasgow’s industrial heritage and Scottish natural landscapes, a space for cultural events, as well as shaping the waterfront into a more sculptural form that provides a more accessible and inclusive public realm. This design will create an innovative landscape, one that will inspire further inspirational development along the River Clyde to the benefit of humans and nonhumans.

Animation QR code Part 1 / Glasgow in 2120 : No water city Part 2 / A glass of memory

Bird Aves

Whisky lover Tourist Homo sapiens subsp. Homo sapiens cupam amans subsp. tornacense

HANA SHIN | A GLASS OF MEMORY

Hielan coo Atlantic Salmon Butterfly Bos taurus taurus Rhopalocera salmo salar

1 | Aerial view of a new type of distillery landscape, Glasgow waterfront

HANA SHIN | A GLASS OF MEMORY

2 | Freshwater & rooftop management and spatial programmes in Autumn view 3 | Ecological framework ( butterfly & bird-friendly space ) and seasonality 4 | River Clyde Dynamic creation: A life of human and non-human with water

Futu r e m e m o ry f ra mewo r k “G la sgow m a d e th e C l yd e, a n d t h e C l yd e m a d e G l a s g ow ”

202

2023 New The Environ

2022 Glasgow City Council de new type of public park "A Glass of Memor - installing an ecological jetty has

1641 One of the earliest town plans of Glasgow as ‘Glasgua’ 1775 Small coasters safely navigate upstream 1818 Foreign trading vessels dock at Glasgow (The Broomielaw)

2022 Annual water quality check: Water Quality is getting worse and w

1877 Pump House built as part of Queen’s Dock 1941 Intense bombing devastates Clydebank

1988 Glasgow Garden Festival ~ Bell’s Bridge (sponsored by a whisky distillery) 2017 Cydeside Distillery opens (between Scottish Event Campus & Riverside Museum) 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26) at the Scottish Exhibition Centre (future ‘memory’ & potentially memories lost)

C18th First attempts to deepen riverbed Creation of dykes Upper Clyde is canalized

C19th Dredgers & blasting used to deepen the Clyde to accommodate ever larger ships River improvements & pollution destroy the salmon fishing industry

C19th – early C20th Huge expansion of Clydeside’s international trade Rapid increase in shipbuilding Significant development of the Steam Engine

C19th – early C20th Clyde’s shipbuilding plays vital role in British Empire (Glasgow 2nd City) Instrumental in World War 1 & 2

C20th – early C21th New phase of urban re

1960s Terminal decline of shipyards 1980s to 2021 Waterfront regeneration as recreational, residential, and business area

2031 The use of urban cattle is succesful. The grazing of urban cattles used at further sites 2030 Annual water quality check: Water Quality has shown improvement 2045 Woodland ecosystem is successful: Rare and endangered species recorded 2031 The first Atlantic Salmon to spawn in the fish nursery is observed

2070 Glasgow's Whisky Festival incorporates "Nature" in its name 2060 Urban Public Park Management : The Urban Cattle Act is published

2050 The logo for Glasgow's Whisky Festival changes colour to green

25 The first Glasgow's Whisky Festival is launched

carbon neutral targets and nment Act 2023 is published

ecide to build a named ry" s been permitted

: worse

2080 The return of The River Clyde's Freshwater Pearl Mussles are recorded

2055 Annual water quality check records the best water quality since 1818. Numerous Atlantic Salmon, Brown Trout and Eels are recorded within the fish nursery

2040 The City of Glasgow wins the award for the most succesful green tourist destination 2026 The park's soft landscaping is completed

2024 The first Scottish Lowland Cattle are used to graze the meadows as part of the park's traditional farming practices

egeneration

Mid C21th into the future Urban Cattle Public Park Management Act The River Clyde provides urban residents with drinking water Glasgow has become Atlantic Salmon, butterfly, and bird conservation city Early C21th – Mid C21th Resilient Glasgow becomes a symbol for green city tourism within the UK Urban cattle park management policy becomes part of urban ecosystem framework

14 E C O - A G R O PA R K S EDIBLE LANDSCAPE DESIGN IN GLASGOW YUCHENG WU

Suffering a lot from shrinkage, residents living in Ibrox and Kingston have to struggle with poor living conditions. Therefore, this project aims to effectively activate the neighbourhoods with a participatory structure, eco-friendly design, and sustainable development. This project aims to activate a shrinking neighbourhood by introducing an edible landscape. Considering that the development of both the city and the urban landscape is a dynamic process, I intend to employ periodical strategies to gradually recall the vitality of society, economy, and ecology. Urban agriculture is acknowledged as an effective way to regenerate the shrinking area. However informed by the conditions and characteristics of individual sites, I plan to use movable veg boxes with simple structures grouped into different social spaces to attract residents, reducing the cost of both labour force and economic force in park construction. Simultaneously, I will focus on soil remediation by adding vegetation. When the soil is remediated, I will begin to set out embedded veg boxes on the land and let people participate in this traditional cultivation. When the movable boxes become too old to use, these movable boxes can be replaced by commercial buildings (stalls, market, or bars), and a financial recovery will start. After decades of development, advanced cultivation may replace traditional cultivation. Aeroponic boxes may become a popular choice for urban agriculture, transforming the appearance of edible landscapes. The future of edible landscape will be supported by advanced and ecological agriculture.

1 | Movable veg boxes Y U C H E N G W U | E C O -AG R O PA R K S

Y U C H E N G W U | E C O -AG R O PA R K S

15 GLASGOW’S CITY GARDENS THE HOME OF BUMBLEBEES Q I A N YA N G

My design concept is to enhance the connection between children living in low-income areas of Glasgow and nature and to provide children with quality outdoor activity spaces. During my analysis and design exploration, I learned that the number of bumblebees, an endangered species in Glasgow, has been declining in recent years. The main reason for this phenomenon is that green spaces in the city that are rich in herbaceous plants, have been greatly reduced or have even disappeared completely in some areas. Therefore, this semester, I made the protection of bumblebees in Glasgow the starting point of my project and my design vision is to create biodiverse urban gardens that provide science activities and outdoor classrooms for children living in low-income areas.

1 | Background Analysis Q I A N YA N G | G L A S G O W ’ S C I T Y G A R D E N S

16 THE GLASGOW NEURONS R E C O V E R I N G T R A N S P O R TAT I O N I N F R A S T R U C T U R E S ALEX TSZ YIN YUNG

Landscape architecture is not only a cultural reflection but an active instrument shaping the modern culture – through its ‘physical and experiential characteristics, its capacity to contain and express ideas, and thus engage our minds’ (Corner, 1999). This project aims to analyse and critique the dominating car culture in the contemporary context in that it deprives the vitality of other living organisms. The car culture is exemplified as a mark of the Anthropocene, which involves significant exploitation of nature and subsequently, the opportunities of its inhabitants to thrive - to express their vitality. It calls for an investigation on the ways to apply theories of degrowth and recovering landscape to the existing transportation system as a landscape shift to an ecocentric world. As an international exhibition centre as well as the host city of the 26th United Nations Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP26), Glasgow is selected to illustrate the ways to reshape current car culture and promote ecocentrism as a manifesto landscape.

ALEX TSZ YIN YUNG | THE GLASGOW NEURONS

Scan for the Transforming Landscapes Animation

1 | Conceptual Drawing - From Anthropocentric to Ecocentric

3| 2030 | ESTABLISHMENT

2050 | NURTURING

Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon

2100 | MATURING

SUNLIGHT

SUMMER SOLSTICE | 21ST JUNE

EQUINOX | 23RD MARCH & 23RD SEPTEMBER

ELETRIC CURRENT

NEGATIVE ELECTRODE POSITIVE ELECTRODE

WINTER SOLSTICE | 21ST DECEMBER

PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL ADJUSTABLE DESIGN

COLUMN INVERTER & CHARGING

ELECTRICTY STORAGE

CABLES

FOUNDATION

ALEX TSZ YIN YUNG | THE GLASGOW NEURONS

SHIFT TO PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SHIFT TO ELECTRIC VEHICLES

CONCRETE CRACKING Reclaiming small part of the Scottish Exhibition Centre Car Parking Area

SHOW GARDEN 2021 Plant through the cracks, allow nature to nuture as a show garden design for the COP26 event. Local artists will be invited for collaboration. During the event, a physical exhibition would be held to showcase the future plan of the park.

SHOW GARDEN EXTENSION After the COP26 event, the show garden remain, and it gradually expands as we reclaim more land area from the car park throughout time

BAN OF PETROL AND DIESEL CARS SALE UK 2030 ; SCOTLAND 2032

CONSTRUCTION PHASE 2

CONSTRUCTION PHASE 1

COP26 EVENT COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

PREPARATION FOR PHYSICAL EXHIBITION

COLLABORATION WITH ARTISTS

INITIAL MOMENT

PRESENT

COVID 19 LOCKDOWN

SHIFT TO WALKING AND CYCLING

FURTHUR RECLAIMING MOTORWAYS

FURTHUR RECLAIMING TRAFFIC ROADS

ACHIEVE CARBON NEUTRAL UK 2050 ; SCOTLAND 2045

CONSTRUCTION PHASE 3

CONSTRUCTION PHASE 4

LANDSCAPE DESIGN 2050 By 2050, the whole Scottish Exhibition Centre car park is reclaimed and recovered as a recreational and outdoor exhibition area for humans and more than humans. A small part of land remains for car parking, which would also be used to genertae electricty catering for Electric Vehicles.

2050 ONWARDS Like neurons, the landscape design starts from the show garden concept, then expands into a park landscape, it is ever spreading out and connecting one with each other. Starting from 2050, we can see a more strengnthened green connections appearing, with more transportation infrastructures being reclaimed and recovered into ecological landscapes. A diversed habitat types are created, together with the existing emerging brownfield ecology.

17 URBAN WOODLAND WOOD WIDE WEB BINGWEN ZHANG

2020 was an unforgettable year. With the global outbreak of coronavirus, people adapted

to living and working from home, and the contact between people became infrequent. In addition, global climate change and the upcoming COP26 in Glasgow reminds us that cities must respond accordingly.

The focus of this project is the transformation of vacant land into woodland. When I analysed the green space system in Glasgow, I found few areas of woodland on either side of the River Clyde. I determined that introducing woodland to both sides of the riverbank was important

to establish and strengthen a woodland system. Three fragments of vacant land near the Govan docks were selected as key activation points to establish an urban woodland and to form a coherent ecosystem. Here, it is necessary to present the most critical concept: Wood Wide Web. Put simply the concept means that trees are related and connected through an underground network. A web of roots, fungi and bacteria help to connect trees and plants

to one another. Trees communicate with each other underground; the mother trees transmit nutrients, sugar, and water to the young trees; dying and diseased trees are cared for by others and can raise the alarm about dangers like insect infestations. The mother tree plays an important role in the development of new woodland; all new woodland relies on existing

mature woodland. Therefore, we need to use mature woodland parks as a catalyst to support new woodland growth, creating connections above ground and underground. The existing green land and vacant land will form a complete urban woodland system.

In the future, Glasgow will be a city full of high-quality green space based on an interconnected woodland system. It will contribute to the mitigation of world climate change.

Un d W erg oo ro d un W d id ne e W two eb rk

Fungi Mother tree

Mother tree

Tree

Fungi

Mother tree

Tree

Fungi

Mother tree

Fungi

Tree

Tree Mother tree

Mother tree

1 | Concept: Connection of ground and underground

ty cie so

BINGWEN ZHANG | URBAN WOODLAND an m Hu

Phase 1

2021-2051

Connect existing woodland , scattered green space and vacant land in city center

Phase 2

2051-2081

Phase 3

Connect aother existing woodland , scattered green space and vacant land

2081-2111

Muture woodland along the River Clyde

Evapotranspiration

O2 O2

O2 Evapotranspiration

Evapotranspiration

O2 O2

Detension

Contaminated stormwater runoff

Stormwater runoff capture and filtration

RIverside Evapotranspiration

Evapotranspiration O2

O2 O2 O2

O2 O2

H2O

Stormwater runoff

Evapotranspiration

Car parking

O2 O2

Contaminated stormwater runoff Contaminated stormwater runoff

O2 Permeable paving

Stormwater runoff capture and filtration Detension

Layer and cluster plants

Increase Biomass Soil scarification Compost Seeding Irrigation

Remove the waste of sites. Weeding.

More than human Cultivation and maintenance: saplings grow and other early plants growing.

Young plants

Increase Biodiversity

The finest ecosystem

Human and more than human live in harmony

Diversity of plants support diversity of other life

Human activities

More than human Applied biosoild

Clear

Grasses with fibrous roots

Forbs with deep roots

Applied dredge material

Increase Functional Diversity

Plants with deep roots

Trees connect each other underground

Aphids

Mother tree

Flo

Plants with deep roots

ring

Diseased tree Wind Bee

Young tree

Mother tree Mother tree Bird Butterfly

Dying tree

Pine cone Pollen Squirrel

Bee Spores

Fungi

Immuune-signalling conpounds

Immuune-signalling conpounds Unidirectional tranfer Immuune-signalling conpounds

Sugar & Nutrient Unidirectional tranfer

Unidirectional tranfer

2 | Integration：Looking for the existing parks, which are rich in resources and mature woodland. At the center, connecting with the surrounding vacant land, and providing huge resources. 3 | Design Process in Time Scale 4 | Connecting Strategies 5 | A Dynamic System

BINGWEN ZHANG | URBAN WOODLAND

Vertical layering of plant height

18 A CIT Y IN THE F OREST U R B A N F O R E S T I N R E S P O N S E T O C L I M AT E C H A N G E YA O Z H A N G

Climate change is regarded as one of the world’s greatest threats, and now the impact of climate change is affecting humans and non-humans more than ever before. This project is based in Glasgow where the UN’s 26th Conference of the Parties (COP26) is to be hosted later this year. Glasgow is a typical industrial city that has experienced rapid urbanisation. Now impacted by the climate emergency it is facing a future of extreme weather, rising sea levels, higher temperatures, changing habitats, and also social issues. In this project, the main concept is to introduce urban forests as commons in response to climate change. There is a lot of potential land in the city, including car parks, industrial land, and vacant land. As the use of cars decreases and the transportation system changes, these sites can be developed into urban forests. Based on the landscape strategy of last semester, I chose three different test sites this semester to demonstrate how urban forests can benefit human and non-human communities as a healing garden, a primary school, and an outdoor shopping space. Following the establishment of these urban forest patches other potential sites can be identified for transformation using these three sites as examples. In addition, these urban forests are connected by green corridors to form a green network, thus changing our perception of Glasgow to a city in the forest.

1 | Site Govan Primary School Plan YAO Z H A N G | A C I T Y I N T H E F O R E S T

YAO Z H A N G | A C I T Y I N T H E F O R E S T

19 DEAR GREEN GLASGOW R I V E R S O U N D S C A P E PA R K S YUQI ZHU

The sound environment in the modern cityscape is a growing problem. It is a serious threat to our health and impairs recreational possibilities. Among all the

different kinds of human-generated noise, traffic noise pollution, in particular, has

been the biggest environmental problem in Glasgow. With the loss of habitat and biodiversity, Glasgow has been losing it's natural sounds. While the natural sounds in the city are decreasing, traffic noises are dramatically increasing. Urban residents

are rarely able to experience pleasant natural sounds. Thus, it is important to create a healthier urban soundscape and bring back natural sounds, as natural sounds have

widely acknowledged social and ecological value, including a sense of place and human and wildlife wellbeing. By treating soundscapes as a resource, new strategies and approaches have been developed.

‘Glasgow made the Clyde and the Clyde made Glasgow.’ The River Clyde flows

through the middle of Glasgow and has gradually lost its vitality, causing its sound

to disappear into the urban soundscape. The soundscape of the River Clyde has

the potential to be an oasis within the city that reduces the negative effects of

city noise and enhances the urban soundscape for people’s health and wellbeing. The concept of the river soundscape has arisen as a response to the unhealthy

urban soundscape for humans and wildlife to mitigate the negative effect of noise

pollution by masking the noises and generating wanted sounds. It is introduced as a socio-ecological approach to enhance the sense of place and wellbeing; it aims

to recall the riverscape and form a new city identity around the River Clyde. The river soundscape is vital to provide natural sounds within the urban environment to create benefits for humans and more-than-humans.

1 | River Soundscape Concept YUQI ZHU | DEAR GREEN GLASGOW

YUQI ZHU | DEAR GREEN GLASGOW

2 | Dynamic Changes 3 | Sound Section 4-5 | Glasgow Sound Environment-Before & After 6 | River Soundscape Parks

Image adapted by Lisa Mackenzie

N AV I G AT I O N CROMARTY FIRTH

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SILENCE AND MOTION

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W E AV I N G L I N E S T H R O U G H T H E WAT E R E D G E

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CA R B O N FA R M I N G M E S H WO R K

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RESILIENT CITY

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F L O W I N G E N E R GY S C A P E

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AFTERLIFE OF EXTRACTION

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C O A S TA L O Y S T E R PA R K

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HETEROTOPIA

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HOLD ON TO HOPE

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TERRITORIAL GARDEN

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INTELLIGENT WILDERNESS

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M E TA B I O S I S : B L A C K I S L E

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LISA MACKENZIE

LINA BUITRAGO - EMIL A

CARLA COROMINA - EMILA

LUCY ELDERFIELD-SHEEHY - MLA

X U E YA N G G U - M L A

Y U E ZO U Y I G UA N - M L A

A N S O N , T S Z WA I L A I - M L A

QIAN LIU - MLA

YUIQNG LIU - MLA

YU OU - MLA

ALEXIS PERROCHEAU - EMILA

K AT E S A L D A N H A - M L A

THOMAS UNTER - MLA

R E - F LOW

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D E C O N S T R U C T I N G & W E AV I N G

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H E M P : A N I N D U S T R Y O F T H E N E W PA R A D I G M

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S A LT M AT S H C O M M O N S

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L I V I N G W I T H WAT E R

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E VA N T O N A I R F I E L D PA R K D E S I G N

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R E S I L I E N T WAT E R F R O N T

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SYMBIOTIC ISL AND

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A L N E S S M E M O R I A L G E O PA R K S E Q U E N C E

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LIVING WITH THE SEA

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T H E E ST UA RY C O M M O N S

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MELISSA VIGUIER - MLA

JUNHAN WO - MLA

ANDREA, JIA HENG WU - MLA

LISHA XIA - MLA

XUECHUN XIA - MLA

MENGJIA XIANG - MLA

Y U E Y I N G YA N - M L A

YEHAN ZHANG - MLA

FA N GY UA N Z H E N G - M L A

Y U E Y I ZO U - M L A

J I N G Y I WA N G - M L A

Canmore.org.uk. Image Reference: SC00799769, edited graphically by Lisa Mackenzie

The RSPB Nature Reserve at Nigg Bay Photgraph taken by Lisa Mackenzie 6th March 2020. 57’ 43’ 54.12”N. 4’ 0 ‘ 28.70” W. Altitude 3.42m Direction 278.540’

The landscape of the Cromarty Firth in the Northwest of Scotland is extremely complex. It is often referred to as the Oil Rig Graveyard due to it being the largest port in the Highlands and a principal site in Europe for the inspection, repair and maintenance of oil rigs. It is also a rich ecological haven for many migrating birds and is home to the most northerly located pod of Bottlenose Dolphins in the world. Its sublime and pastoral beauty shrouds conflicting land-uses and landscape fragmentation, a vestige of the Highland Clearances. This studio invited students to take a virtual journey to the Cromarty Firth to identify juxtaposed social and environmental forces through various scales, from the global to the miniature. Students were encouraged to engage with and represent their own interpretation of the landscape by understanding the territory through its physical and environmental features (topography, hydrology, soil, geology) rather than through political and economically driven forms of decisionmaking and jurisdiction. After defining their individual scope and territories, the students were then invited to imagine and design speculative futures by engaging with issues of community, economy, politics, ecology and empowerment as ways to consider how we might act in the time of Climate Emergency, or how we might Stay with the Trouble, as understood by Donna J. Haraway.

L I S A M AC K E N Z I E , M I G U E L D O M I N G U E S, C H R I S G R AY & N O R M A N V I L L E R O U X | C R O M A R T Y F I R T H

CROMARTY FIRTH

Images adapted by Lisa Mackenzie from 2 source images of Alcyonium digitatum on https://www.a-p-h-o-t-o.com/

L I S A M AC K E N Z I E , M I G U E L D O M I N G U E S, C H R I S G R AY & N O R M A N V I L L E R O U X | C R O M A R T Y F I R T H

The Rigs from the shore close to Invergordon. Photgraph taken by Lisa Mackenzie on the 6th of March 2020. 57’ 41 29.28” N. 4’ 9‘ 20.49” W. Altitude 3.41m

01 SILENCE AND MOTION R E S U R G E N C E O F S E D I M E N T S F LO W LINA BUITRAGO

In the Cromarty Firth natural processes are affected by hard structures occupying the place of the sea. These “scars” with the form of a jetty, a groin, a seawall, a dam and a bridge, block the transport of sediments. On the other hand, the process relationship between mudflat and saltmarsh take place thanks to the tidal creek network. It transports sediments and drains the tidal water. Interdependence between saltmarsh and mudflat is possible when sediments flow through the creeks. Therefore, considering the vitality of the creeks means achieving the survival of the landscape. The strategy plan action is basically to sculpt creeks, where sediments, water and all the entities interact with each other in relation to the dynamism of the landscape. With this, sediments can recover their flow in the landscape, and by recognising this, awareness is raised and accessibility becomes visible. Thanks to different mitigation strategies which work over time, such as the stabilization of the topography with bioengineering techniques, it is possible to restore and create a more dynamic and resilient intertidal zone for the days that will come. By the implementation of a productive landscape with aquaculture techniques in specific zones, such as oyster ground culture, it is also possible to project in the future a resurgent landscape in relation with human beings.

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1 | Earth dwellers

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LINA BUITRAGO

| SILENCE AND MOTION

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| SILENCE AND MOTION LINA BUITRAGO

02 W E AV I N G L I N E S T H R O U G H T H E WAT E R E D G E S T R AT E G I E S T O E N H A N C E I N H A B I TAT I O N A N D A L LO W C H A N G E I N R E S P O N S E T O T H E C L I M AT E E M E R G E N C Y CARLA COROMINA

“Belonging to a territory is the phenomenon most in need of rethinking and careful re-description; Learning new ways to inhabit the Earth is our biggest challenge.” (Latour, 2018) The Cromarty firth is a coastal feature of the Scottish landscape, a transitional body of water. Looking at the Cromarty Firth as a biophysical entity means understanding how land, people, and resources interrelate. Recognizing the water edge as the place where these relations are in tension is the point of departure. This investigation explores strategies that enhance dwelling in the water edge to respond to the climate emergency. It starts with the exploration of social and environmental processes acting upon the landscape and its relevant scale of operation to understand which are the forces monitoring the change in this landscape. New ways of dwelling in the territory are based on the concept of meshwork borrowed by Tim Ingold from Henri Lefebvre, as a different approach to inhabitation. The history of human interaction with the wetlands gives perspective to new commons and strategies that are based on the dynamics of the landscape as a point of departure.

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1 | Exploring environmental processes and their scale of operation

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C A R L A C O R O M I N A | W E AV I N G L I N E S T H R O U G H T H E WAT E R E D G E

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2 | Strategy plan and zooms where several strategies coincide

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C A R L A C O R O M I N A | W E AV I N G L I N E S T H R O U G H T H E WAT E R E D G E

03 CA R B O N FA R M I N G M E S H WO R K A L LT G R A A D LUCY ELDERFIELD -SHEEHY

From degraded peatland bogs in the uplands to the growing ‘Oil Rig Graveyard’ of the Cromarty Firth, the Allt Graad river network encapsulates the entangled complexity of the Anthropocene. Like many remote glens in Scotland, Glen Glass is characterised by coniferous plantations, elite hunting sports, intensive sheep grazing and abandoned townships. The Carbon Farming Meshwork outlines a route map for the local community to reclaim and reinhabit this land whilst enhancing ecological carbon sinks. The proposal explores four threads: Wild Carbon delineates reduced human intervention and reintroductions of ecosystem engineers, such as Beavers, to restore self-regulating riparian woodland and peatlands. The Carbon Commons explores shared ownership among human and nonhuman communities. Silvopasture and silvoculture commons are proposed including the reintroduction of free-roaming grazing animals, such as wild bore, and managed by local communities to enhance carbon sequestration, biodiversity and a sustainable local economy. Cultivated Carbon utilises regenerative agricultural practices to enhance soil carbon. The introduction of paludiculture is proposed to restore the carbon sequestration capacity of degraded peatland sites and provide further economic value to the local community. Carbon Lore fosters common knowledge creation through Carbon Trail Observatories and rituals of care such as micro-propagation of sphagnum moss distributed via drone across remote peatlands to restore degraded blanket bog. 200

LUCY ELDERFIELD-SHEEHY | CARBON FARMING MESHWORK

1 | Carbon Farmers: Drones restoring and monitoring remote peatland blanket bog

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LUCY ELDERFIELD-SHEEHY | CARBON FARMING MESHWORK

2 | Carbon Walkway: This floating structure offers a unique view of a peat bog and its stored carbon. 3 | Beaver Engineering: Beaver dams create new riparian woodland habitat and ecological carbon sink. 4 | Deteriorating Carbon Reservoirs: Peatland degradation in the Anthropocene has emitted tonnes of carbon. 5 | Carbon Observation Point: Depth of peat at the site within the viewfinder correlates to the height of column charred-timber panels framing the view.

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04 RESILIENT CITY F LO O D I N G & S H A R E D S PA C E D E S I G N I N A L N E S S X U E YA N G G U

Alness’ development has exacerbated flooding problems, while at the same time making local residents more vulnerable to extreme weather and rising sea levels. Based on the causes of flooding, the design can be separated into two parts: the riverside area (will be transformed into wetlands), and the coastal area (will be transformed into a salt marsh system). The wetland along the river was made up of the flooding islands, the purifying pool and woodland. In terms of material selection, I used the waste materials (concrete and timber) from old factory buildings to reduce carbon emission in the reconstruction process. The salt marsh system consists of agricultural park, salt marsh agricultural zone, river course transformation and pier transformation. The salt marsh system will become an important source of income and food for local residents. The agricultural park and salt marsh farming area will be managed by the local community, employing locals to produce and nurse it, supplying food and ingredients for the local market and distillery. In collaboration with the wetland and salt marsh land systems, I hope to turn Alness into an resilient space by carbon fixation, shaping elastic landscape and green space, mitigating pollution, transforming river course, establishing habitat, and strengthening participation of local residents, so as to resist and alleviate the flood problems and rebuilding shared space for human and non-human. 206

X U E YA N G G U | R E S I L I E N T C I T Y

1 | Historical and environmental analysis

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2 & 3 | Flooding & Shared space analysis

X U E YA N G G U | R E S I L I E N T C I T Y

16 | Dynami

ic changes

05 F L O W I N G E N E R GY S C A P E A R E N E WA B L E E N E R G Y PA R K P R O J E C T I N E VA N T O N Y U E ZO UY I G UA N

Energy affects the culture, industry, economy and even politics of a country. However, it results in a series of environmental problems at the same time. The transition from fossil fuel to renewable energy is used to slow the phenomenon. Under this trend, how to balance the artificial energyscape (including brownfield of fossil fuel industry and current energy landscape) with natural landscape becomes a topic. This project aims to analyse the energy movements of the site, decarbonizing the local energy resource and redistributing the surrounding energy structure under the promise of guaranteeing the living-standards of local residents, improving the resilience of local ecology and finally creating a sustainable energy park for local and extraneous, humans and non-humans. It mainly focuses on the water and wind energy of the site, taking the industrial pier and two river basins into consideration. The transformed energy pier and bio-digester makes full use of energy in the site and will support the Evanton local grid where a large phytoremediation area and field provide waste to the bio-digester for energy generation. Apart from the phytoremediation process, single plantations will be replaced by diverse communities. It benefits biodiversity and increases the trophic level. The erosion of the estuary will be improved by adding gravel breakwater structures at the edges of delta area to allow wave energy to periodically disrupt and reset the interior marsh habitats, increasing complexity and reducing invasive species. 212

Y U E ZO U Y I G UA N | F LOW I N G E N E R GYS C A P E

AN ENERGY ANTHROPOCENE

1 | Design Background - Energy Anthropocene

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Y U E ZO U Y I G UA N | F LOW I N G E N E R GYS C A P E

06 AFTERLIFE OF EXTRACTION: C O A S TA L R E G E N E R AT I O N O F C R O M A R T Y F I R T H A N S O N , T S Z WA I L A I

In this Anthropocene epoch, landscapes are being harmed by the rapid urbanization. The coastal landscape changed by the expansion of coastal infrastructure to sustain the growth of residential, commercial, industrial, needs. Cromarty Firth is the showcase of how ‘Anthropocene/Capitalocene’ as the new geological epoch effect and transform the global landscape and environment. The socio-economic transformation of the Firth is driven by fossil fuel extraction and industry. This transformation is also causing the fragmentation of coastal landscape of the Cromarty Firth. From the above context, the project will focus on the area of Nigg Bay, the edge of the Cromarty Firth. By discover the geology and ecological potential of defragmenting the coastal landscape of the Firth, the project is aimed to create a continuous network along the Firth in various forms, a boardwalk, parks, or patches of greenery. To regenerate the natural habitat along the coastline through rejuvenating the watercourse, expanding the natural landscape to the intensive agricultural field. Ultimately using the network to defragment the coastal landscape of the Firth due to the fossil fuel extraction, embracing the natural heritage, and create a green network for the whole Cromarty Firth. Also, using the network to reimagine the afterlife of extraction.

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ANSON, TSZ WAI L AI | AFTERLIFE OF EXTRACTION

1 | The Fragmented Cromarty Firth & Coastal Network

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ANSON, TSZ WAI L AI | AFTERLIFE OF EXTRACTION

2 | The interactive hub along Cromarty Firth coastal network 3 | Construction detail of interactive hub and coastal boardwalk 4 | The dynamic network of the riparian and intertidal habitat of Nigg Bay 5 | Looking toward the hub and the coastal boardwalk from the intertidal mudflat of Nigg Bay 6 | Looking toward the hub and the boardwalk crossing through the coastal landscape of Nigg Bay 221

ANSON, TSZ WAI L AI | AFTERLIFE OF EXTRACTION

07 C O A S TA L O Y S T E R PA R K P R O M O T I N G A R E S I L I E N T C O A S TA L L A N D S C A P E QIAN LIU

The project designed a sustainable ecological park in the Alness, the most populous settlement in Cromarty Firth, Scotland, with complex ecological and geological conditions, including coastal erosion. The park aims to mitigate exacerbated coastal erosion and strengthen connectivity. On the one hand, introducing the common oyster, common eelgrass, and common reed habitat to purify wastewater from Dalmore Distillery, and increase sediment, thereby mitigating coastal erosion. Besides, as a selfsufficient economy, oyster farming can increase employment for residents, especially in response to future oil depletion-induced unemployment. The derelict oyster shell can be reused for building oyster reef, while oyster reef can increase biodiversity which can supply rich seafood for local communities. This is a virtuous circle in an ecosystem. On the other hand, the wildflower meadows and woodland are introduced here to enrich habitat and biodiversity to boost ecological connections while different human experiential spaces are designed in the park to engage with both residents and visitors and foster social connections. Furthermore, the park can be a part of an eco-tourism network for both human and nonhuman. In the future, in face of global climate change and sea-level rise, the resilient park will become another landscape, create a different story for both human and non-human. Oyster farming can exist in perpetuity, boosting the economy and employment. The alder woodland will become wet woodland which is a highly valuable ecological habitat for wildlife. 224

Q I A N L I U | C OA STA L OYST E R PA R K

1 | Oyster-park masterplan

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Q I A N L I U | C OA STA L OYST E R PA R K

08 HETEROTOPIA H E T E R OTO P I A I N C R O M A RT Y F I RT H YUQING LIU

My design seeks to reshape a real society that can recognise a utopian vision of the Cromarty Firth through the concept of heterotopia. Heterotopia is a concept put forward by the philosopher Michel Foucault. Heterotopia is an unstable unity formed by the integration of incoherent, blank and fragments, just like connecting several islands or worlds with one clue. The reason why I'm interested in heterotopia is that I think the relative system is related to isolation and infiltration. In the Cromarty Firth, ships, factories and dams are closely related. Ships are not only an environment that isolates the external space but also link different islands with the movement. A ship is recognised as one of the heterotopias. People move to each island with the ship. If people can shuttle between the heterotopias, they will enjoy the different feeling of space. It seems that there is no gate in the natural space, in fact, only non-human or non-human are welcome to enter. However, the barrier on the surface that blocks the sight is permeable, and there is also a heterotopia space that people are not allowed to enter. The reason why I finally chose a park along the river is that I think the heterotopia formed by flowing water and walking people through one design node after another is coherent and independent. I want to express the impact and integration of this contradiction. 230

YUQING LIU | HETEROTOPIA

1 | Analysis of design area 231

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YUQING LIU | HETEROTOPIA

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09 HOLD ON TO HOPE R E T U R N I N G N AT U R A L C A P I TA L T O C R O M A R T Y F I R T H YU OU

Post-industrial sites dot the natural landscape of the Cromarty Firth. Many of these sites have been abandoned leaving behind remnants of industry such as the oil structures in the Cromarty Firth. Around the world, with worldwide oil production in decline, there is an increasing shift towards greener energy. The 'natural capital' of the Cromarty Firth has been destroyed and habitat fragmentation has undermined the integrity of the whole ecosystem. As a Landscape Architect, I want to creatively transform these post-industrial sites, return natural capital to the Cromarty Firth and tell the unique story of the region's history. My transformative proposals seek to instil hope for the future. I expect to achieve two objectives; one is to regenerate abandoned postindustrial sites, transforming them into post-industrial parks while the other is to establish greener streets as ecological corridors to bridge the postindustrial network. Considering dynamic systems, such as remediation and the processing and reuse of existing materials from industrial infrastructure, my proposals look towards a sustainable future. As post-industrial sites showcase collisions and overlaps between human and non-human processes in the cultural, social, economic, and ecological deconstruction, the proposed post-industrial network integrates history into the present-day needs and perceptions. Landscape Architects should take responsibility to adopt innovative, viable, and self-sustainable ways of remembering, rethinking, and returning what has been destroyed. 236

YU OU | HOLD ON TO HOPE

1 | Two objectives to achieve the vision of returning the natural capital in Cromarty Firth

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2 | Landscape Dynamic Systems in Post-Industrial Park ( objective 1 ) 3 | Resilient Landscape in Greener Street ( objective 2 ) 4 | Open Air Theatre in Post-Industrial Park 5 | The Interface of Post-Industrial Park in Invergordon 6 | Three Types of Wetlands in Post-Industrial Park 239

10 TERRITORIAL GARDEN THE CROMARTY FIRTH AS AN ORGANISM OF FLUX ALEXIS PERRO CHEAU

What is a territorial garden? This question only makes sense if we understand the need to reconsider our relationship with other species, other elements, non-humans. Indeed, our atmospheric and geological impact as a species is considerable. The temporal and spatial scale of our actions far exceeds what Earth and Life in general can withstand. For years, scientists have been warning our societies about the negative consequences of our actions, and philosophers have been trying to understand how we can change our habits and live in harmony with our environment. The garden has been, since its origin, the privileged meeting place between Human and Nature. Inside the Territorial Garden all the limits and boundaries are referenced (roads, railways, rivers, etc.) to create a general map which, instead of showing impassable boundaries, shows a new network on which a new system of green and blue corridors will be established. The creation of these highways of energies and resources will allow the emergence of a new biodiversity and a new landscape experience for the inhabitants of the Cromarty Firth valley. Furthermore, inside the Cromarty Firth valley, water is a major element. Water has always been of crucial importance in gardens and the Territorial Garden is not an exception. Water therefore has a special status in the territorial garden. Its treatment will be essential to develop a space where Flows are improved to promote the emergence of Life and where its quality on earth has a positive impact on the firth itself. The territorial garden is a new form of Art that invites all actors (human and non-human) to experience and to garden Life as if it were the most precious thing that we have. 242

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2 3

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ALEXIS PERROCHEAU | TERRITORIAL GARDEN

2 | The critical zone : The separation between heaven and earth allows the emergence of a living space. The water mirror reconnects the sky with the ground - Cromarty Firth, Scotland 3 Territorial garden : This territorial garden is bounded by the valley formed by the hills and mountains around the water feature. This specific organisation is characteristic of gardens throughout history Cromarty Firth, Scotland 4 |The territorial garden full of life - Cromarty Firth, Scotland 5 | Water system : developing flows inside the territorial garden 6 | Blue and Green corridor : the field, the meadow, the fruit hedge, the coppice, the valley gutter and the forest 7 | Limits as corridors : map of all the physical limits isinde the garden 8 | Green ecotone evolution : every 5 years 9 | Cromarty firth as an organism of flux : blue and green corridors 10 | Dingwall green hedge : From boundary to transition 245

11 INTELLIGENT WILDERNESS C R E AT I N G R E S I L I E N C E I N T H E C L I M AT E C R I S I S K AT E S A L D A N H A

The Cromarty Firth is a highly industrial landscape with the endless abstraction of natural resources on land and sea, historically and up to this day, characterising of the genius loci of the place. On land, a thick belt of agricultural farmland and commercial forestry encircles the Firth reaching all the way up into the surrounding mountains. In the water, great oil rigs sit as a reminder of the past, whilst their manufacturing plants, sitting on the water’s edge, are being repurposed for the production of wind turbine parts to satisfy the growing demands of a new ‘renewable’ industry. As resources continue to gloomily decline, the landscape is becoming increasingly vulnerable to intensities of environment wrought by climate change. The Intelligent Wilderness project looks at how to replenish these natural resources lost to industry. In order to achieve this, a strategy of wilding is proposed to help the return of biodiversity and natural systems and processes to the landscape. However, this project doesn’t simply suggest an abandonment of industrial activity to the wiles of nature. Instead it embraces modern technological advancement, suggesting the creation of a Critical Zone Observatory Network. This technological infrastructure is designed to monitor and diagnose the changes occurring in the surroundings as it undergoes the process of wilding and sustains the impacts of climate change. This landscape of the Intelligent Wilderness offers a profitable future without deteriorating the wealth of resources from which it is built. 248

K AT E S A L DA N H A | I N T E L L I G E N T W I L D E R N E S S

1 | Project Synthesis drawing showing the Wild Commons Network and key actors

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K AT E S A L DA N H A | I N T E L L I G E N T W I L D E R N E S S

2 | Section of an Observatory within the Wild Commons Network landscape 3 | Panorama of the landscape under the process of wilding with landscape sensor technology 4 | Natural infrastructure of the hedgerow visualisation 5 | Technological landscape diagram 6 | Agriwilding practice visualisation 251

12 M E TA B I O S I S : B L A C K I S L E S C A L E A B L E C O - O P E R AT I V E F O O D F O R E S T R Y I N A P O S T B R E X I T, R U R A L L A N D S C A P E THOMAS UNTER

Metabiosis: Black Isle is a project set out as a Community Manifesto; encouraging residents of the Black Isle in rural Scotland to take back ownership of their local woodland using the Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003, the community right-to-buy scheme and chiefly through landscape architectural interventions; turning it into a force for greater social and ecological good. Through long-distance ethnographic study and an engagement with the lived experience of a place, the manifesto conveys a transformative method activating the true power of community narrative whilst enabling residents to procure and transition their forest at the speed of trust – trust in the ideas and interventions proposed, but also trust in themselves as a robust, engaged and resilient community. New gravel trails, diverse approaches to forest management and an increase in productive planting will allow the community a level of self-sufficiency not seen since crofting dominated the landscape. The manifesto advocates for a strong focus on local materiality and cyclical ecology loops, encouraging re-use and a greater awareness for the metabolisms of the wider Black Isle landscape.

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By contemplating the oft-deemed invisible processes of a ‘forestscape’ it may be possible to propose a lens through which a different form of social commons, rooted in the stories of the places from which we live, can prosper. This lens will seek to empower the Black Isle community in transitioning to live with their forest, rather than simply beside it.

T H O M A S U N T E R | M E TA B I OS I S : B L AC K I S L E

1 | The Metabiosis: Black Isle Community Manifesto, Larder Boxes and Forager’s Guide

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The Dark Sky Centre

Rowan

Sweet Chestnut

Alder

Elder

Walnut

Heritage Apple

Comfrey

Black Currants

Red Currants

Blackberries

Cloudberries

T H O M A S U N T E R | M E TA B I OS I S : B L AC K I S L E

Proposed local gravel trail within Black Isle forest

Common Nettle Dead Wood

Plantain

Sweet Cicely

2 | Community Activations: educational/economic facilities signpost a new way of living with the forest 3 | Forest Bathing: mental wellbeing at the forefront of the new rural metabolism 4 | Hutters Return: newly established woodland crofts 5 | The Dark Sky Centre: within the new community forest garden with graduated, productive planting 6 | (Overleaf) The Community Materiality Hub | Forest Garden Cross-Section 257

13 R E - F LOW T H E R I V E R P E F F E R Y, N O R T H E A S T S C O T L A N D MELISSA VIGUIER

This project is investigating the River Peffery Catchment and looking at ways that Landscape Architecture can help resolve problems with flooding and improve access for people and habitat for wildlife. The project uses natural flood management techniques to repair a damaged peat bog, that was drained 50 years ago. A natural approach is also used to create a new channel for the River Peffery to flow through to reduce the risk of flooding, and slow down the water speed. Rivers make natural routes in the landscape, and this is where the idea of creating a Active Travel route along the lower reaches of the River Peffery came from. Transforming the land around the river into a green corridor that links together isolated fragments of woodland and hedgerows, will benefit wildlife, and create a beautiful setting for the Active travel route.

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M E L I S S A V I G U I E R | R E - F LOW

1 | The six elements of the Re-Flow Project

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M E L I S S A V I G U I E R | R E - F LOW

14 D E C O N S T R U C T I N G & W E AV I N G R E C O N S T R U C T I O N O F L A N D S C A P E PAT C H E S JUNHAN WO

When observing the changes of the maps of the Cromarty Firth in the past hundreds of years, it is easy to find that the Cromarty Firth is facing the problem of landscape fragmentation. There are many landscape patches in the bioregion with the Cromarty Firth as the centre. Especially in recent decades, with the development of the industry, the patches have become more and more fragmented; simultaneously, there are also many edges between them. These edges are usually not determined by the natural landform; they are artificial and rigid. They affect the energy cycle between patches, the utilization of resources, and Cromarty Firth’s biodiversity. However, it seems that the edges do not only exist between patches but also within patches. For example, in some towns, roads or walls strictly divide the whole town into several areas. The possible consequence of this is that residents are mainly distributed in certain areas and rarely go to other places. In order to investigate the negative impact of landscape fragmentation and patch edges and solve a series of problems brought about by them, I chose an area centred on the town named Invergordon as my site, then put forward the strategy to solve the problems, which is also the name of this project “deconstructing and weaving”. The purpose is to break or weaken the edges by deconstructing and reweaving the patches in the site. The project is divided into three stages: from site to strategy - Deconstruction weaving. After the design, the site is no longer composed of many patches but becomes a large patch with many functions. 266

1 | New leisure area after design

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J U N H A N W O | D E C O N ST R U CT I N G & W E AV I N G

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J U N H A N W O | D E C O N ST R U CT I N G & W E AV I N G

2 | Design strategy: deconstructing and weaving 3 | Wetland in site I 4 | Recreational and childrens area in site II 5 | Residential landscape in site II 6 | Weaving for non-human communities: Connecting the natural resources through corridors 7 | Weaving for human communities: Connecting the cultural resources through routes 8 | Weaving for non-human communities

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15 H E M P : A N I N D U S T R Y O F T H E N E W PA R A D I G M I M A G I N I N G A P O S T- I N D U S T R I A L L A N D S C A P E ANDREA, JIA HENG WU

Cromarty Firth was once an important military base and an industrial site in Northeastern Scotland, both of which are still signified by the vestiges of physical installations that still sit on its landscape. As we enter the postindustrial zeitgeist that has begun to arise as oil and fuel prices began to slump, and the industrial heritage decommissioned, the question addressed in this design project is: what might the future of post-industrial landscape become, beyond the undesirable aftermath created in the Anthropocene? The reintroduction of hemp, a historic crop that had once brought prosperity to the Highlands in the 18th century, is to weave together social, ecological, environmental and economic threads to produce a fabric of sustainable growth of an indigenous kind. These intersecting domains create opportunities to boost the economy in a re-localised way with concerted efforts, to abate climate change and increase biodiversity, and to encourage community participation in a renewed socio-ecological economy. Remediating semi-derelict industrial landscapes such as the quarry site adjacent to Alness, and repurposing it into a Hemp Park, creates an opportunity to explore the extent of using hemp as an instrument for ecological transformation to remediate and regenerate disturbed landscapes. In the more distant future, the Hemp Park would create a productive and dynamic landscape to serve as a precedent for a renewed socio-ecological society that moves the area beyond the Anthropocene track of human dominance. 272

1 | framework of dynamic processes and industrial chronology of hemp products

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A N D R E A , J I A H E N G W U | H E M P : A N I N D U ST RY O F T H E N E W PA R A D I G M

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A N D R E A , J I A H E N G W U | H E M P : A N I N D U ST RY O F T H E N E W PA R A D I G M

A A A B

_MATERIALITY

03 _THE HEMP PARK Site: Caplich Quarry

16 S A LT M A R S H C O M M O N S EDGE IN TENSION LISHA XIA

Cromarty Firth has a long coastline and vast intertidal habitats, providing beautiful ecological landscapes and habitats for residents and non-humans. In the context of global warming, the starting point of the 'Saltmarsh Commons' project is to alleviate the ecological tension and the lack of social identity of the coastal edge. The main strategy is to bring non-humans, people and culture back to the edge of the coast through saltmarsh expansion (ecology level) and community commons (social level). The field of investigation is the coast zone of Cromarty Firth. The main design development area is Alness Point. Alness saltmarsh commons is located in the geometric center of the main towns(Alness, Evanton, Invergordon) on the coast, and can cover the community activities to radiate the whole firth. The research content includes tide, saltmarsh habitats, communities, coastal industries and history. The saltmarsh commons is formed by community autonomy, state and landscape architects participating in giving opinions can reconcile the relationship between all parties, and have a long-term vitality and selfstrengthening trend. 278

L I S H A X I A | S A LT M A R S H C O M M O N S

1 | Saltmarsh-commons-based edge senic corridor

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L I S H A X I A | S A LT M A R S H C O M M O N S

17 L I V I N G W I T H WAT E R A F LO O D R E S I L I E N T PA R K XUECHUN XIA

I would like to create a flood resilient landscape for both humans and nonhumans in the Cromarty Firth. When I looked at the Cromarty Firth, I found that the landscape mostly consists of intensive arable and commercial woodlands and suffers from seasonal flooding. One of the goals of this project is to enhance the flood tolerance of the landscape while bringing back its lost natural heritage.

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X U E C H U N X I A | L I V I N G W I T H WAT E R

1 | Section analysis and Segmented watershed anaylsis

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X U E C H U N X I A | L I V I N G W I T H WAT E R

18 E VA N T O N A I R F I E L D PA R K D E S I G N R E N E W E D L A N D S C A P E B Y WAT E R MENGJIA XIANG

The project is located on the coast of Evanton in the Cromarty Firth. It has been the most affected by industrial development among other coastal sites. (manufacturing, World War II, oil rig, shipping). Evanton is a “commuting settlement” which developed in the nineteenth century, centred on airbase and related industrial activities. These activities declined in the recent years, leaving many brown fields, like Evanton airfield. In addition, these coastal areas and airfield face the effects of flooding and sea level rise. There are many opportunities and challenges for this project as sea levels rise and the water is likely to inundate the airport and valuable coastal salt marsh habitats. To address the problems of flooding and the abandoned airport, I decided to connect and renew the coastal trail system by a landscape strategy: renew a disused airfield as an adaptive landscape. The Evanton airfields can be considered as an adaptive coastal park, capable of generating a new productive and biological landscape. Firstly, it will be an important source of recreation and relaxation for local people. Secondly, in part of landscape adaptation, the project shows three layers of defence against flooding and sea level rise. The Coastal Trail seeks to solve the issues of rising sea levels. The proposal has not only raised the coastal road, but ditches have been dug beneath it. Thus sea water can pass underneath and flow into the ditches and ponds on the other side of the road. 290

M E N G J I A X I A N G | E VA N TO N A I R F I E L D PA R K D E S I G N

C O A S TA L T R A I L

M A R S H B O A R D WA L K

TRIA

E VA N T O N A I R F I E L D

1 | Adaptive dynamic system strategy

TRIA 291

3 |Section A-A

promoting ecotourism

Rail

Higway: A9

Indusrial area

In the future, I hope use landscape strategy to enhance the local coastal resilience. Moreover, the project can explore the value of local landscape and raise the cultural identity of local residents.

Section B-B

A Coastal path

Village Boardwalk

B Marsh

Coastal trail

Intertidal zone

placing fine sediment

shoreline stabilization Section C-C C

Seagrass habitat

sustainable consumption + production Woodland

Tidal pond

Raised tide berm

Salt marsh habitat

Section D-D

wave attenuation wildflower meadows

Tidal pond

Grassland

enhancing coastal resilience

Section E-E

Woodland habitat E Farmland

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Famer market

Evaton airfield road

533|

Section A-A

M E N G J I A X I A N G | E VA N TO N A I R F I E L D PA R K D E S I G N

Rail

Higway: A9

Indusrial area

Section B-B

Coastal Trail

-Soil erosion / Coastline erosion

Sealevel rise

- Raised tide berm -Tide gate

-Tidal flats are exposed and lack biodiversity

Coastal path

- Plant salt marsh and Pioneer Plant -wave attenuation

B Boardwalk

Marsh

Coastal trail

Intertidal zone

Section C-C C C

Marsh boardwalk

-Soil erosion / Coastline erosion

River flodding

- Create Micro terrain -Tidal pond

-Lack biodiversity

Woodland

Tidal pond

- Floating boardwalk -Birds watching -Improve marsh habitat

Raised tide berm D

Section D-D

D wildflower meadows

Tidal pond

Grassland

Section E-E Evanton airfield

- Impervioud surface

E Farmland

Famer market

Rainwater runoff

- Permeable paving

- Plant woodland

- plant mix wildflower meadows

-Create space for people activies

- Improve biodiversitt

Evaton airfield road

19 R E S I L I E N T WAT E R F R O N T C O N N E C T H U M A N A N D E N V I R O N M E N T W I T H WAT E R Y U E Y I N G YA N

Loch Eye and Nigg Bay is part of the most important habitats in the highland, supporting internationally important wintering populations of waterbirds. However, the direct discharge of sewage from surrounding farmland has led to poor water ecological status, causing negative impacts on both the natural environment and wildlife. On the other hand, because the site is located on the plain, flooding and sea level rise due to climate warming are strongly threatening this area. The project aims to enhance water ecology by creating resilient waterfronts that connect society with the environment. The purification capacity of the water bodies are enhanced by ecological interventions that gradually increase the ecological status of the water as it flows from Loch Eye to Nigg Bay across wetlands, buffer strips and salt marshes. At the same time, wetlands and salt marshes increase the resilience of the coast, acting as a buffer and absorber in the face of flooding and sea level rise, mitigating the effects of climate warming on the site. Furthermore, the project emphasises the recreational function of the waterfront and increases the connection between society and the environment by attracting wildlife and visitors through a well-established blue network and green network.

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Y U E Y I N G YA N | R E S I L I E N T WAT E R F R O N T

1 | Land use and drainage system of investigation area

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Y U E Y I N G YA N | R E S I L I E N T WAT E R F R O N T

2 | Response to climate change 3 | Vibrant riparian buffer strips to revitalise waterbanks 4 | Algae fields to drive sustainable development 5 | Naturalised wetland to enhance water ecology 299

20 SYMBIOTIC ISL AND F R E S H WAT E R I S L A N D PA R K D E S I G N YEHAN ZHANG

Humans often have certain limitations in exploring the landscape. This is because we are still unable to think and observe the surrounding habitat from the perspective of other life. In order to make a new attempt in landscape research, this project will focus on exploring a new design theory to understand the relationship between humans and non-humans in the landscape. I will choose birds as the representatives of non-humans to explore in detail the way of bird habitat selection and how communities can use their autonomy to reduce the damage to the bird’s habitat. The main purpose of symbiotic islands is to use freshwater islands as the starting point and centre of habitat restoration to expand the positive ecological structure to the surrounding environment that lack diversity. The design of a symbiosis island between humans and non-humans needs to start from two perspectives. First consider how to encourage people to be aware of the autonomy of the landscape, in order to participate in the landscape design process. Secondly, it is to pull away from the human perspective and try to learn from the non-human interaction mode with the landscape the requirements of non-human habitat selection. Thus, the design of plants and land cover can allow non-humans to find a private and quiet habitat on the island.

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1 | Design concept for non-human bioregion territory

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N TA I TNLGE | OS FY MPBRI O TJ IECCI TS L A N D Y EAHMAEN |Z H

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N Y EA HMAEN | Z TH IATNLGE | OSFY M P BRI O OJ T IECC ITS L A N D

21 A L N E S S M E M O R I A L G E O PA R K S E Q U E N C E S E E K I N G A N E T E R N A L L A N D S C A P E I N S E D I M E N TAT I O N F A N GY U A N Z H E N G

Under the circumstance of climate change and sea level rise, low-lying coastal areas will be exposed to varying degrees of vulnerability and coastal risk. This design starts to focusing on the human and non-human coastal risks caused by sea level rise in the Cromarty region, especially the intertidal eelgrass meadows degradation, saltmarsh shrinkage, and coastal world war II heritage disappearing problems. In this landscape design project, a coastal geopark sequence will be implemented in the future to deal with the problems above. The basic strategy of this project is sediment management. Since sediment is the main driver of creating coastal habitat such as eelgrass meadows and saltmarsh. And also, the sediment process is a very slow process that is compatible with the speed of sea level rise. So, with a reasonable artificial sediment management, the negative impact of sea level rise can be greatly reduced. Managing sediment can be implemented from two sides. One is increasing the amount of sediment that flows into the ocean from land and another is intercept sediments so that they are not washed away by ocean currents. The transformed coastal historical heritage also plays an important role in the project because it not only helps generating natural sediments, but also help keeping the specific characters of local history landmarks. Alness Bay is chosen as the detail design site because its special geological and historical status. It has the largest saltmarsh and intertidal habitat with very rich sediment sources. And also, the different kinds of world war II historical sites around the Alness Bay coastline are waiting to be conserved. So, it is a potential place to test the strategy of this project.

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1 | Master plan of memorial geopark sequence

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FA N GY UA N Z H E N G | A L N E S S M E M O R I A L G E O PA R K S E Q U E N C E

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FA N GY UA N Z H E N G | A L N E S S M E M O R I A L G E O PA R K S E Q U E N C E

22 LIVING WITH THE SEA C L I M AT E C H A N G E A D A P TAT I O N YUEYI ZOU

This project is about how the Cromarty Firth region responds to the sea level rise risks in the future. The project consists of three parts, the bird island, the climate change heritage park, and the estuary park. These three parks reflect three kinds of degree dealing with coastal flooding risks. The first degree is harnessing the positive aspects of the flooding area. The second one is adapting to the flood. The third one is to mitigate flooding. From a landscape architect’s point of view, fighting against the coastal flooding is not a sustainable method to respond to the climate change. An adaptive landscape design with more resilience is needed in the Anthropocene. This project attempts to respond to rising sea levels with an adaptive landscape design. While the Anthropocene has allowed humans to dramatically reshape nature, fighting irreversible climate change will lead to unsustainable development. Avoiding conflict, living with the sea may be a way.

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YUEYI ZOU | LIVING WITH THE SEA

1 | Aerial view of the project

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YUEYI ZOU | LIVING WITH THE SEA

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23 T H E E ST UA RY C O M M O N S THE PRACTICE OF L ANDSCAPE C OMMONING J I N GY I WA N G

Capitalist enclosure occurs when the commons are in the hands of a few, and climate change itself is caused by a form of environmental enclosure. Commoning is the process by which communities and individuals work together to build and manage the commons, a subjective process, that is, the spontaneity of the participatory process. The permanence of the commons is thus based on an active and continuous relationship between people and their environment, including the continuity of social and climatic change. The Cromarty Firth Territorial strategy implementation of the site is divided into three steps. The first step is to catalyse community commons and develop community public open spaces; The second step is to explore the estuary’s new commons; The third step is to develop corridors. After recalibrating the scope of the design investigation. The conceptual framework of the commons is still divided into three parts, the community public open space network, the collector-the estuary destination. Connected-internal path network system, existing riparian woods, and Alness river. Building communities with tides require improved resilience to flooding as well as future sea-level rise. Improving the natural resilience to sea and river flooding, the primary ecological restoration. The development of the estuary commons has expanded the Alness public space network on the social level, making the estuary an activity space that attracts the public. The public’s increased awareness of the protection of the commons is a long-term guarantee for the ecological restoration of the estuary. 320

1 | Strategy plan JINGYI WANG | THE ESTUARY COMMONS

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JINGYI WANG | THE ESTUARY COMMONS

FULL BLEED IMAGES DESIRE THROU

7 | Visualisation of Aln

S - IF ED GHOUT

ness Commons

AC K N O W L E D G E M E N T S Tutors | RETHINKING THE URBAN PARK Chris Rankin, Marina Cervera and Sheena Raeburn Tutors | DEAR GREEN GLASGOW Anna Rhodes, Marina Cervera, Chris Gray and Annacaterina Piras Tutors | CROMARTY Lisa Mackenzie, Miguel Domingues, Chris Gray and Norman Villeroux Other cross studio visiting tutors | Paul Morsley, Elise Campbell and Daniel Reiser and Ecologist | John Darbyshire All the ECA support staff

Catalogue designed by | Kate Le Masurier and Eireann Iannetta-Mackay The format of the catalogue has been developed and extended from the catalogue series for the ESALA MArch studios 2017–18, designed by Emma Bennett and Rachel Braude with support from Adrian Hawker Printed by | J Thomson Colour Printers Ltd. Cover Image | Anaïs Chanon

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE | EMiLA MLA MA | ESALA '21

ISBN 978-1-912669-30-1