2023-24 MA/MLA/EMiLA Landscape Architecture

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INDEX

2024 ESALA LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

02 INTRODUCTION ESALA LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE STAFF 08 MA (HONS) LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 70 MLA IN LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 222 EUROPEAN MASTERS IN LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 242 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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Above: The 2024 Landscape Architecture Graduate Show exhibition in the Edinburgh College of Art Sculpture Court, curated by final year staff and students. Photo by Anaïs Chanon.

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INTRODUCTION Welcome to the 2023-24 edition of the ESALA Landscape Architecture Programmes catalogue, which weaves together students’ work from across our three Landscape Institute accredited professional programmes: MA in Landscape Architecture MLA in Landscape Architecture European Masters in Landscape Architecture Landscapes are complex entities. They sustain us. They are powerful sensory spaces we dwell within or simply traverse. They are also the site of some of the most pressing challenges of our times. The question of how to design landscapes placefully, timefully and carefully in a climate and biodiversity crisis is central to our programmes. The work displayed in this catalogue reflects the students search for an answer to this question, each in their own unique and original way.

Their trajectory with us culminates in a research-led design course that seeds the opportunity for final year students to critically position themselves as soon-to-be Landscape Architects through a distinctive design proposal. The course is infused with a thinking-through-making ethos and landscape representation is used as an apparatus to delve deep into the geomorphological, ecological and cultural dimensions of unique places from which the projects grow: The Critical Zone studio explores the geodiversity of the Highland Boundary Fault in Scotland. Interdimensional readings taking into account social and environmental fractures, points of tension and upheaval, have enabled students to define their own zones in need of critical attention, care and action.

The Quiet Places studio is a speculative research expedition into the Vatnajökull Glacier in Iceland – a complex landscape tied into multi-scalar earthly systems, and quickly disappearing due to Global Warming.

The work that surfaced from these studio units is distinctive, multi-layered and explorative. It offers exciting avenues for futures where a cohabitation between humans and other beings in rich living landscapes is still possible.

Many congratulations to all our graduates!

The Landscape Architecture staff.

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INTRODUCTION

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THE CRITICAL ZONE STUDIO Opposite page: Fieldwork at Conic Hill. Photograph by Anna Rhodes Top: Models by Layla Ho Kwan Ng (front) and Alice Futter (back) in the Graduate Show exhibition.

Bottom: Work from Yuqing Wang, Abigail Lane and Layla Ho Kwan Ng in the Graduate Show exhibition. Photographs by Anaïs Chanon.

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INTRODUCTION

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THE QUIET PLACES STUDIO Opposite page top and panoramic photo: Fieldtrip to the Vatnajökull Glacier (Iceland). Photograph by Norman Villeroux.

Top of this page: “Fabulating”, final year student Anjali Savansukha’s work in the Graduate Show exhibition. Photograph by Anaïs Chanon.

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MA (HONS) INDEX 10 RUBY BANNING 16 XINYANG (EMILY) DU 22 ALICE FUTTER 28 CAMERON HARTLEY 34 ABIGAIL LANE 40 ELEANOR NIELSEN 46 ANJALI SAVANSUKHA 52 YUQING (JENNY) WANG 58 XINLING (AURORA) YU 64 JUN ZENG

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GEOPARK PILOT LANDSCAPE NAVIGATING HEAVY TENSIONS BETWEEN HUMANS AND GEOLOGY RUBY BANNING

Designing along contentious boundaries, such as the dynamic cliff landscapes of Stonehaven’s coast, requires considerations beyond aesthetics to address the impacts on those who encounter the ever-changing and somewhat dangerous landscape. Inspired by the Isle of Arran Geopark on the westernmost point of the Highland Boundary Fault, this project responds to the criticism that Geoparks often exist in isolation by integrating with Scotland’s wider aims for economic growth in the coming decades.

The Geopark Pilot project transcends its role as a mere preservation and education tool; it endeavours to craft a new landscape that authentically reflects the unique context of its surroundings. This entails a blend of ecological diversification, sustainable tourism development, and community involvement.

It takes viewers on a journey through deep time narratives and the awe-inspiring coastal sublime, intertwining ecological diversity with captivating human perspectives. Grounded in its context, the design aims to work directly with local residents to produce sculpture for recreation areas and incorporate new residents sustainably, forging meaningful connections with all who engage with it. Currently, the human-made elements of this landscape are succumbing to heavy weathering and erosion, which gives the impression that we are working against the natural processes and failing. By proposing a phased approach which has intended circumstances for rewilding, and by introducing different pathways which can withstand erosion or work alongside it, this design acts as an open-ended project which invites the landscape as being in a constant state of flux.

Above: Mapping Stonehaven’s urban growth in relation to the Highland Boundary Fault (Ruby Banning), Course: Critical Zones 4B, 2024. Old maps dating back to 1860 and inventory from Design 4A were used for this.

Opposite: Final Geopark Framework exhibiton (Ruby Banning), Course: Critical Zones 4A, 2023.

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Opposite: Isle of Arran Coastal Zones Inventory (Ruby Banning), Course: Critical Zones 4A, 2023. Drawn from an image of my plaster model, this sketch collates intertidal elements, it’s terrestrial hinterland and the human inprint on the landscape to inform discourse about how to go around designing an area of complicated interfaces.

Below: Final visual sketch for Mineralwell Park (Ruby Banning), Course: Critical Zones 4A, 2023.

GEOPARK PILOT LANDSCAPE | RUBY BANNING

The graduating year has underscored the importance of directly responding to a place’s context, not only in the final output but also throughout the design process. Complex, dynamic sites demand a nuanced approach, necessitating detailed inventory and alternation through scales and perspectives to identify what truly matters and understand how it will evolve over time under the influence of dynamic systems.

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Above: Cliff-walk storyboard process drawing (Ruby Banning), Course: Critical Zones 4B, 2024. Proposals through the lens of the eye-level existing, aim to create a rhythm of design constants mixed with unique experiences evoke a feeling of moving through different portals, all of which reflect the underlying Geology of the Highland Boundary Fault Complex.

Below: Final visual (Ruby Banning), Course: Critical Zones 4B, 2024. Showing reflection pool with receding headlands and bays behind, coastal procsses and the colours reflective of the old red sandstone and igneous rocks of this specific site.

GEOPARK PILOT LANDSCAPE | RUBY BANNING

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Top: Reflection pool hand drawing (Ruby Banning), Course: Critical Zones 4B, 2024.

Middle: Reflection pool digitised (Ruby Banning), Course: Critical Zones 4B, 2024. At the point of installation, shallow water reflecting people, their surroundings, wind conditions and the tidal processes when it is fully in and the ocean spray can be seen efffecting it’s surface.

Bottom: Reflection pool 100 years on (Ruby Banning), Critical Zones Course: 4B, 2024. Now the empty ‘pool’ reflects the erosion which is constantly shaping the cliff landscape; jumping the main walkway back from the high tide mark ensures its accessibility for many more years, existing is rapidly being worn away.

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FUTURE GATHERING

SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL REFUGE OF SVÍNAFELLSJÖKULL XINYANG (EMILY) DU

Looking across deep timeframes and human culture, documents of human connection and landscapes have been created in a variety of formats.

Landscape, as a direct device, captures glimpses of timeless history. This project investigates the Svinafellsjökull pro-glacial area and employs the unique glacial moraine topography to archive the process of geological change and provide a sheltering harbour for both local habitats with further ecological succession. Human gathering spaces facilitate the observation of landscape transformations and enable a physical integration into the history of Vatnajökull, contributing to the creation of new eco-cultural landscapes.

This project aims to record moments in the ever-changing landscape by focusing on regions affected by the Svínafellsjökull retreat, including the proglacial lake, glacial river Svínafellsá, and the moraine which formed an exclusive bowl-shaped edge. Working with the existing topographical features, three gathering points are selected within the design area, each with unique characteristics and opportunities to establish a distinctive mini-ecosystem in strategies for preserving a pro-glacial water system caused by evaporation and obstructed groundwater streams. The spherical form design of amphitheatres allows mosses, dwarf shrubs, and birch forests to flourish as lakes and rivers expand, providing human travel within the corridor of gathering places to contemplate and sense through the journey of lagoon transition, the journey of glacial history, the current condition in various time spots, and future interpretation of the post-glacial retreat while bringing the intention of non-human (vegetation and animal) activities alongside.

Above: Project vision postcard (Emily Du), CourseL Quiet Places MA4, 2024. Project succession vision after 80 years.

Opposite: Illustative area plan of site and project timeline (Emily Du), Course: Quiet places MA4, 2024.

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New marginal cultivation planting

Water

New moraine stabilising planting of mosses Glacial lagoon with debris Existing turf

Standing stones Basalt steps and stair cases

Project Timeline Design adapts to the ever-changing natural environment, transforming protected areas into living archives, while human engagement seamlessly integrates with the dynamic energy of nature’s forces

Present 2023

2033

Solving site problems

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Social-ecological wareness brought by design

Project takes shape

Evolving growing and accumulating landscape

Eco-refuge at developing stage

Design for non-humans and future

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Ecological succession with drastically retreated glacier and new waterbodies

Outwashed river courses changes, encouragment of vegetation growth Fully developed biodiversity and culture

Project timeline in interaction with Dynamic landscape processes and human-non-humans

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Opposite: Masterplan of site area; deposit arrangement and sectional drawing (Emily Du), Course: Quiet Places MA4, 2024.

Below: Three gathering points area design plan 1:500 (Emily Du), Course: Quiet Places MA4, 2024.

FUTURE GATHERING | XINYANG ( EMILY) DU

As the site ecology evolves and interventions are implemented, the local community will have the opportunity to document and observe the successes and challenges of the project. This interaction between visitors and locals will enhance a grounded understanding from both human and cultural perspectives, enriching the experience for all involved.

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Project year 5 -Spring Project year Project 5 -Spring year Project 5 -Spring year 5 -Spring

Project year 20 -Summer Project year 50 -Autumn Project year 80 -Winter Project year Project 20 -Summer year Project 20 -Summer year 20 -Summer Project year Project 50 -Autumn year Project 50 -Autumn year 50 -Autumn Project year Project 80 -Winter year Project 80 -Winter year 80 -Winter

Top: Time changes and seasonality illustration (Emily Du), Course: Quiet Places MA4, 2024.

Middle: Sectional drawing of lakeside water-soil-structural connection (Emily Du), Course: Quiet Places MA4, 2024.

Bottom: Visualisation -glacial witness and material experience (Emily Du), Course: Quiet Places MA4, 2024.

FUTURE GATHERING | XINYANG ( EMILY) DU

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Top: Gathering point 3 plan (Emily Du), Course: Quiet Places MA4, 2024.

Bottom: Educational values on site((Emily Du), Course: Quiet Places MA4, 2024.

oration

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ENTANGLED LANDSCAPE A SITE FOR SOIL EXPLORATION ALICE FUTTER

Our Future with Fungi is a project rooted in regenerative landscape practices centred around soil and fungi. The project consists of a large, expansive soil exploration testing site composed of six individual interventions of innovation and disruption: A staged Oil Spill, Biofuel Test Fields, Pesticide Test Fields, Community Mushroom Farm and a Coffee Ground Recycling Farm and a Mycorrhizal Exploration Site.

These interventions are titled as such due to their radical and different approach to dealing with global issues such as pollution and intensive farming practices.

They are situated within the Dumbrae Estate, Bridge of Allan, Stirling which is currently owned by the University of Edinburgh with existing re-forestation plans in progress.

This exploratory landscape is designed to educate and encourage generations of landscape professions to develop sustainable, less harmful practices to teach to others.

Therefore, stewardship is key for this landscape to operate.

An educational program has been designed to act as an outreach scheme to continually hire volunteers, ecologists, and mycologists and gain the attention of educational institutions within the local area and further a-field.

Above: Entangled Landscape Site Plan 1:5000 (Alice Futter), Course: MA4 Critical Zones, 2024.

Opposite: Botanical Illustartion of Bog Bell Fungus (Alice Futter), Course: MA4 Critical Zones, 2024.

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The process of mycoremediation 1 A mass of polluted soil is moved into testing fields 2 The polluted soil is inoculated with Pleurotus Ostreatus (Oyster Mushroom) 3 The mycelium network of the Oyster Mushroom settles and begins to fruit, starting the process of mycoremediation 4 After approximately 16 weeks pollutants are reduced to less than -200 ppm 5 After approximately 1 year, the soil is restored and ecosystems start to regenerate.

Above: Axonometric Soil Visualisation (Alice Futter), Course: MA4 Critical Zones, 2024.

Below: Community Mushroom Hub (Alice Futter), Course: MA4 Critical Zones, 2024.

Intervention of disruption- mycoremediation fields. Soil polluted with Petroleum is located within the fields and inoculated with Oyster Mushrooms.

The Site is located down hill from the Dumyat peak on a stretch of acid grassland.

Above:Mushroom Botanical Illustration Series (Alice Futter), Course: MA4 Critical Zones, 2024.

Below: Strategic Plan (Alice Futter), Course: MA4 Critical Zones, 2024.

ENTANGLED LANDSCAPE | ALICE FUTTER

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The ever-increasing threat of climate change requires landscape professions to act fast in producing sustainable techniques to aid the caring for our dying planet. Entangled Landscape: Our future with fungi acts as a radical design president to demonstrate methods in which landscape professions from around the world can learn and then educate future generations on methods in which fungi and soil can work together to help save our planet.

Opposite: 1:1 Soil and Mushroom Interpretive Model (Alice Futter), Course: MA4 Critical Zones, 2024.

Below: 1:1 Soil and Mushroom Interpretive Model (Alice Futter), Course: MA4 Critical Zones, 2024.

ENTANGLED LANDSCAPE | ALICE FUTTER

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REFORMING RURAL MARGINS LIVING FRAMEWORK’S PLACE IN UNCERTAIN RURAL FUTURES CAMERON HARTLEY

Reforming Rural Margins centres around the specific landscape typology that exists in much of the UK at the boundary between upland hills and lowland arable agriculture. Here, the reliance on subsidies and the struggle that upland farmers face in the current economy have culminated in a growing myriad of concerns for the future of this landscape and the deeply rooted traditional aspects of the unique and multi-generational culture.

The focus, in terms of landscape interventions, critically examines field, ownership and habitat margins whilst specifically taking note of the rigid, straight-line boundaries that have been in place on the site since maps were first drawn here. Further driven by the recent devastating floods in Angus in September, reforming these margins primarily considered management surrounding the burns, the almost tree-barren landscape, and how surface run-off might be slowed to increase infiltration and reduce the flood risk further downstream in larger settlements. Conjointly, the spatial configuration of these margins was considered through the eyes of more than humans with both the UK biodiversity crisis and the potential that hedgerows hold in supporting a manifold of species. Moreover, these planted margins hold numerous benefits for not just the farmer but generations of farmers to come through consideration of a changing climate and preparation for predicted effects.

Above: Shelterbelt Formation & Protection (Cameron Hartley), Course: MA Landscape Architecture, Critical Zones, 2024.

Opposite: Reforming Rural Margins Concept Illustration (Cameron Hartley), Course: MA Landscape Architecture, Critical Zones, 2024.

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Opposite: Birds Eye Proposals for The Centre for Agricultural Futures (Cameron Hartley), Course: MA Landscape Architecture, Critical Zones, 2024.

Below: Burn Corridor Planting & Management (Cameron Hartley), Course: MA Landscape Architecture, Critical Zones, 2024

REFORMING RURAL MARGINS | CAMERON HARTLEY

At the farm scale, these two drivers were considered alongside the social dynamics of how farmers would collaborate across private land boundaries to implement any territorial-scale interventions through a new subsidy scheme.

Ultimately, with the main goal of forming the foundations to galvanize rural communities to aid in a future with less globally imported food, sustainable changing farming patterns and a reliance on soil vitality.

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DISSOLVING THE FOREST LINES

BREAKING THE STRUCTURE OF CONIFER PLANTATIONS FOR NATURAL REGENERATION ABIGAIL LANE

The Highland Border Complex, where the Highlands meet the Lowlands, is a major geological boundary marked by vast topography extrusions within the Loch Lomond and The Trossachs National Park. From Conic Hill to Menteith Hills, the site is defined by this fault line. Between these two high points, the land is dominated by a large conifer plantation. These planted forests are mono-species with restrictive planting systems and have harsh management practices designed to increase the yield of timber production solely. Sadly, this anthropogenic exploitation results in the continued loss and extinction of wildlife and biodiversity.

The priority of the project is to transform the once-barren conifer plantation into a haven for wildlife and plant communities through assisted natural regeneration.

Therefore the main design intervention consists of thinning and clearing the plantation which manipulates light and shade as well as protecting the vegetation and wildlife. Ultimately, this is breaking down the structure of conifer plantations.

A bold proposal which would inevitably be reversed if everyday people were not involved. Humans have significant control over nature’s survival and this project depends on the decided protection of humans. Enjoyment, approval and human gain ensure this protection. In which case, a long-distance walking route was designed to invite people to experience the changing nature and learn about the past and future of the site as they walk along the Highland Boundary Fault Line.

Above: Layered visual of existing dynamic systems within a conifer plantation (Abigail Lane), Course: MA Landscape Architecture, 2024.

Opposite: Textures of Exploitation (Abigail Lane), Course: MA Landscape Architecture Critical Zones, 2024.

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This walk takes you from exposed vantage points on Conic Hill and Menteith Hills into the transformed conifer plantation. Careful consideration was given to reducing the impact of introducing people potentially disturbing the evolving vegetation and thriving wildlife to protect the natural regeneration process.

Opposite: Proposal Viewpoint from Menteith Hills, Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park (Abigail Lane), Course: MA Landscape Architecture, 2024.

Below: Underneath the Tree Canopy (Abigail Lane), Course: MA Landscape Architecture, 2024. Detailed Design plan of path system within evolving conifer plantation.

DISSOLVING THE FOREST LINES | ABIGAI LANE

This project spans a timescale of 150 years into the future, where a conifer plantation has been completely changed from the current exploitative situation to one where we celebrate and preserve the astonishing ability of nature.

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Above: Quarry Proposal Layered Drawing (Abigail Lane), Course: MA Landscape Architecture, 2024.

Below: Transition into the Forest Layered Drawing (Abigail Lane ), Course: MA Landscape Architecture, 2024.

Opposite: Forest Interior Layered Drawing (Abigail Lane), Course: MA Landscape Architecture, 2024.

DISSOLVING THE FOREST LINES | ABIGAI LANE

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THE PERMANENT IMPERMANENT EXPLORING PRODUCTIVE LANDSCAPES ELEANOR NIELSEN

Land ownership in Scotland is the most unequal in the western world. With only 432 landowners, owning half of all Scotland’s rural land. This is mainly due to wealthy businesses buying land to plant trees on to help with their carbon offsetting, in the hope to reach the target of becoming carbon net zero. This creates problems for the local communities and tenant farmers working the land, as they lose their sense of place and livelihoods.

This project is centered around the Drumbrae estate. Land that has recently been bought by the University of Edinburgh with the aim to improve their carbon footprint, but and how right is it that land from Stirling is being used to carbon offset the University of Edinburgh. Planting this landscape with trees has its obvious benefits but what if there was a more productive use for the landscape. Throughout the project ways to create a more productive landscape, while still creating benefits for carbon offsetting the local area are explored.

This design proposes a rotational landscape that looks to create a system whereby agriculture, the environment, and people can work together with the aim of improving biodiversity of the site, as well as creating an education experience for people to learn about farming and the food production processes around them.

Above: Land ownership in Scotland (Eleanor Nielsen), Course: Critical Zones – The Highland Boundary Fault, 2023.

Opposite: Sections of the woodland changing through time (Eleanor Nielsen), Course: Critical Zones – The Highland Boundary Fault, 2023.

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1. Drumbrae Estate 2. My Site 3. My Site Breakup 4. Existing Woodland 5. Existing Grassland 6. Year 1 - Spring

7. Year 2 - Summer 8. Year 2 - Winter 9. Year 4 - Spring 10. Year 4 - Winter 11. Year 6 - Spring 12. Year 6 - Winter

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13. Year 8 - Spring 14. Year 8 - Winter 15. 10 Years 16. 20 Years 17. 30 Years 18. 40 Years

19. 50 Years 20. 60 Years 21. 70 Years 22. 80 Years 23. 90 Years 24. 100 Years

THE PERMANENT IMPERMANENT | ELEANOR NIELSEN

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Above: Landscape Visualisation in 0 years (Eleanor Nielsen), Course: Critical Zones – The Highland Boundary Fault, 2024.

Below: Landscape Visualisation in 10 years (Eleanor Nielsen), Course: Critical Zones – The Highland Boundary Fault, 2024.

Above: Landscape Visualisation in 5 years (Eleanor Nielsen), Course: Critical Zones – The Highland Boundary Fault, 2024.

Below: Landscape Visualisation in 25 years (Eleanor Nielsen), Course: Critical Zones – The Highland Boundary Fault, 2024.

THE PERMANENT IMPERMANENT | ELEANOR NIELSEN

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FABULATING STORIES IN A MELTING WORLD ANJALI SAVANSUKHA

As we find ourselves at this critical juncture in the ecological crisis, we are forced to watch as the effects of capitalogenic climate change unravel before our eyes. Watching calved icebergs melting at Hoffellsjökull was a really strange experience, convincing me of Timothy Morton’s (2016) Möbius strip analogy- We are hyper-aware that we ourselves are the monsters we must face. I wonder if world-building and myth-making practices can offer ways forward, and help us as a collective to chart uncertainty.

In her book “Staying with the trouble,” (2016) Post-modern guru Donna Haraway expresses the value of what she calls ‘Speculative Fabulation.’ She frames storytelling as an invaluable tool for rethinking ecological crises, and our place in the world.

Taking inspiraton from Haraway, in my final year project I experiment with the idea of stories as seeds that could germinate into pragmatic design solutions.

My ‘landscape laboratory’ at Hoffellsjökull takes the shape of a stage for performances to unfold over time. On this stage, human actors are able to realise a deeper ecological awareness, which, as physicist Fritjof Capra proposes, is intrinsically tied to greater spiritual awareness. Humans and more than human communities test out ideas related to microclimate and ecological succession, and protest climate injustice through activist design interventions against the powerful backdrop of a melting landscape.

Above: Ablation Zone (Anjali Savansukha), Course: MA(Hons) Landscape Architecture, Quiet Places, 2024.

Opposite: Hidden People wrapping the glacier in a blanket to slow down melting (Anjali Savansukha), Course: MA(Hons) Landscape Architecture, Quiet Places, 2024.

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Top: Blanket Dynamics (Anjali Savansukha), Course: MA(Hons) Landscape Architecture, Quiet Places, 2024.

Bottom: Moulin, Subglacial cave and stream (Anjali Savansukha), Course: MA(Hons) Landscape Architecture, Quiet Places, 2024.

FABUATING | ANJALI SAVANSUKHA

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Top: Blanket Perspective (Anjali Savansukha), Course: MA(Hons) Landscape Architecture, Quiet Places, 2024.

Bottom: Tension- Hidden People installing the blanket (Anjali Savansukha), Course: MA(Hons) Landscape Architecture, Quiet Places, 2024.

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Top: Bryo-Sedi-Glomerate (Anjali Savansukha), MA(Hons) Landscape Architecture, Quiet Places, 2024 Bottom: Wrapped Glacier (Anjali Savansukha), MA(Hons) Landscape Architecture, Quiet Places, 2024. Jesmonite, Fabric.

FABUATING | ANJALI SAVANSUKHA Top: Zombie Moss (Anjali Savansukha), MA(Hons) Landscape Architecture, Quiet Places, 2024, Bryophytes in resin.

Bottom: Zombie Moss, Ecological Succession (Anjali Savansukha), MA(Hons) Landscape Architecture, Quiet Places, 2024.

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SOIL, MY FRIEND THE HIGHLAND LAND EXHIBITION PARK YUQING (JENNY) WANG

This project aims to reestablish the connectivity between local residents and the soil that was brutally exploited by traditional productive activities along the Highland Boundary Fault. By converting the former Airlie Estate into a Land Exhibition Center, it presents farmers and land owners locally and around the world who are struggling to find a use of their land under the stress of climate change and extreme weather events, such as drought, intensive flooding and temperature rising, a new opportunity for their land to carry out sustainable economic activities.

The site is established under the influence of design interventions, existing natural dynamic systems, and potentially intensifying climate threats. The leading concept is to design and plan a starting point to allow local farmers to experiment with ways to celebrate, adapt to, and work with existing natural systems and rapidly changing climatic situations. It encourages solutions through natural water management, soil solutions and natural regeneration. While the experiment runs, opening up the place to the public as an exhibition and educational site will allow us to present and share knowledge with the world.

The exhibition center provides visitors the opportunity to experience a variety of land systems, including: the Rewetted floodplain, the Hybrid Forest, the Flooded home farm, and the Future farmland. Each area represents and showcases experimental sustainable land use activities that maximize economic productivity and biodiversity, aiming to explore our position as humans under current stress.

Above: Journey of soil (Yuqing Wang), Course: Landscape Architecture MA, Year 4. Highlights existing catchment scale dynamic system around the river South Esk. Opposite: Water edge ecosystem and future farming (Yuqing Wang), Course: Landscape Architecture MA, Year 4.

Deep section explaining natural dynamic within the critical zone.

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A Visitor’s Experimenting Center, located in the middle of the Exhibition Center, breathes new life into the existing historical landscape and bridges history with the future; facilitating a place for visitors to observe and experience the experimental activities closely.

Opposite: The Land Exhibition centre masterplan (Yuqing Wang), Course: Landscape Architecture MA, Year 4.

1:5000 Masterplan of the proposed Exhibition Centre.

Below: Visitors’ Experiment Centre (Yuqing Wang), Course: Landscape Architecture MA, Year 4. Repurposed Historical garden as a proposed visitors’ centre showcasing key land experiments happening in the exhibition centre.

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Top: The Hybrid forest (Yuqing Wang), Landscape Architecture MA, Year 4. Proposed hybrid forest with mosaic of mix-woodland serves different socio-ecological functions.

Middle + Bottom: The Paludiculture field (Yuqing Wang), Landscape Architecture MA, Year 4. Introduced paludiculture field in the Rewetted wetland, field condition and crop harvesting in dry and wet seasons.

SOIL, MY FRIEND | YUQING (JENNY) WANG

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Top: Polluted home farm (Yuqing Wang), Landscape architecture MA, Year 4. Highlighting the extent of pollution in the existing Cortachy home farm.

Middle: The Flooded Home Farm (Yuqing Wang), Landscape Architecture MA, Year 4. Proposed experimental land, allowing flood to take control of the previous home farm along with minimal remediation intervention.

Bottom: Bioremediation study structure (Yuqing Wang), Landscape Architecture MA, Year 4. An educational structure in the Vistors’ Experiment centre, allowing people to observe and engage with the experiment closely.

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POST-GLACIER COMMUNITY SPACE DESIGNING A COMMUNITY BACKYARD FOR HÖFN, ICELAND XINLING (AURORA) YU

Höfn is a fishing town located in the southeast fjord of Iceland with just over 2000 people. The place has captured my interest due to its unique climate challenges. The melting glaciers in the region are leading to an unusual phenomenon – the rising of the land at a rate of 1.7 cm per year. This is affecting the most important industry in Höfn, which is the fishery, as the shipping channel is becoming shallower. The situation is worsening due to glacier deposit transportation and tidal sedimentation. Höfn experienced significant development since 2010, largely benefiting from the popularity of glacier tourism in Iceland. However, due to the accelerated melting of glaciers, the glacier is now moving backward and Höfn can no longer depend on glacier tourism as it has been. Therefore, it is crucial for Höfn to develop new strategies for future development, as the town’s progress is closely intertwined with climate change.

M. Jackson, a glaciologist, spent several years in Höfn studying the community living with glaciers. She pointed out the gap between glacier scientific research and the cultural identity of glacier residents. While scientific research is critical, the ice also deeply impacts social, political, and cultural processes. She also criticized the mono-storyline narratives towards glacier-related communities and asserted that the glacier is not the only story. Based on her argument, I believe that the story should be more complex, giving Icelandic people enough space to telling own stories about the changing environment, as Jackson encouraged Icelanders to see the glacier landscape change as their “changing backyards”.

Above: The central material collage shows the intertwining of the Höfn community, glaciers, and fjord landscape, the right part is the seasonal landscape dynamics around Höfn. (Xinling Yu), Design 4B Quite Place Studio, 2024.

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Top: Höfn social-cultural background and the expedition groups for developing future town development strategy. (Xinling Yu), Course: Design 4A Quite Place Studio, 2023.

Bottom: Expedition of glacier landscape in regions near Höfn town. (Xinling Yu), Course: Design 4A Quite Place Studio, 2023.

POST-GLACIER COMMUNITY SPACE | XINLING (AURORA) YU

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Top: Expedition routes from Hoffellsjökull Glacier to Höfn town, with five spots having significant landscape changes in decades. (Xinling Yu), Course: Design 4A Quite Place Studio, 2023.

Bottom: Expedition group working scenarios on each expedition spot, and landscape strategy map for future town development. (Xinling Yu), Course: Design 4A Quite Place Studio, 2023.

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Above: Seaweed garden for the Höfn community, including a floating bridge, stone barrier belt construction, and seaweed farming process. (Xinling Yu), Course: Design 4B Quite Place Studio, 2024.

POST-GLACIER COMMUNITY SPACE | XINLING (AURORA) YU

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Above: Wildflower garden for the Höfn community, including wildflower nursery and turf house community cafe and the making process of wildflower seed bombs. (Xinling Yu), Course: Design 4B Quite Place Studio, 2024.

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THE SOIL LAB

A PLACE CELEBRATES SOIL AND ECOLOGY JUN ZENG

This landscape project in Hofn, Iceland, is designed to address various soil issues in the area, particularly the degradation of farmland soil due to overgrazing and the deterioration of surrounding wetlands. Considering the scarcity and fragility of Icelandic soil, project decides to create a soil lab to help with soil problems.

The initiative aims to restore degraded lands by establishing a soil laboratory next to the airport in an area dense with agricultural activities. The laboratory conducts soil research and protection measures. Landscape designers have utilized rammed earth technology to design the walls of the laboratory, integrating the building’s appearance with the soil environment and creating an interactive landscape that fosters engagement between people and the lab, as well as the surrounding environment. This site serves both as a workspace for staff and a learning venue for visitors. There are places and activities in the lab for community to use, learn and share knowledges/outcomes they gain from the soil lab. It will serve as place for daily outdoor activities as well.

The appearance, layout, and functional choices of the laboratory all consider the natural climatic conditions of Hofn. Wind is a significant factor in the design: outdoor activity spaces are surrounded by buildings to reduce wind impact.

Above: Soil Lab Detailed Plan 1:500(Jun Zeng), Course: Design 4B, 2024. A3, Pen. Opposite: Soil Lab Outside Area Isometric 1:200 (Jun Zeng), Course: Design 4B, 2024. The drawing shows how people use the outdoor area during ‘Soil Festival’. There are two areas, left outside area is place for activities and festival use, right area is a place to feel the wind. A4, pen.

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Local soil materials, mixed with clay and sand, are used to create rammed earth. This design is not only environmentally friendly but also reflects the local characteristics. The laboratory has two floors and features an interactive corridor that allows people to engage with both the interior and exterior of the building.

Opposite: Rammed Earth Wall 1: 20- Soil Lab (Jun Zeng), Course: Design 4B, 2024. The Drawing shows the design idea of the Soil Lab’ Building Material, I was inspired by the windy climate in Hofn, to create ‘windy’ walls use Rammed Earth techneque to the appearence of the soil lab, collecting soils from Hofn, to make a waving wall. A4, pen, acrylic, charcoal. 195cm*250cm, pen, acrylic.

Below: West-Facing Wall-A corridor from the Soil Lab (Jun Zeng), Course: Design 4B, 2024. The drawing reveals different experience created by different user groups, people interract with the wall, there is also an area for children. When designing the corridor, I draw the section of it to scale, work between plan and section, this way make me think about the whole space carefully. 1m*0.25m, pen, acrylic.

RAMMED EARTH CORRIDOR | JUN ZENG

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Opposite: Wind Garden Plan 1:100 (Jun Zeng), Course: Design 4B, 2024. A4, pen, acrylic.

Below: Wind Garden Section 1:20 (Jun Zeng), Course: Design 4B, 2024. 1260cm*297cm, pen, acrylic.

WIND GARDEN | JUN ZENG

The design also includes an outdoor “Windy Feeling” area, equipped with platforms for sitting, standing, and lying down, facing a Wind Garden.

Observating nature led me to plan a garden that incorporates elements resembling a river, areas of sparse grass for walking, with cotton plants at the visual heart of the garden. I also included windbreak plants to aid in the survival of other vegetation and added flowers and blueberries near the pathways. In designing this garden, I aimed to mimic nature, providing visual appeal while creating a beneficial microclimate.

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MLA INDEX 72 TSZ KWOK (GORDON) CHENG 78 TINGTING DONG 84 LUISA GRASSI 90 YUXIN HAN 96 ALICE GARRETT HINDMARSH 102 JIONGRAN HUO 108 QIXIANG LAI 114 LINGE LI 120 TIANWEI LIAO 126 BINKUN LIU 132 SHARON (SHAOHUA) LIU 138 YIZHUO LIU 144 MENGFEI LUO 150 TIANZE LUO 156 HARUYUKI MIYATA 162 HO KWAN (LAYLA) NG 168 PENGJUI SHI 174 YI (ECHO) TANG 180 XINYUAN WANG 186 YIFAN WANG 192 WANQING YANG 198 YAWEN YANG 204 YIZHI ZHANG 210 ZHAOYUAN ZHANG 216 JIAJUN (KENNYS) ZOU

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CHARTING POST-ECOLOGIES BURROWED PHANTOMS, BRUTAL LANDS TSZ KWOK (GORDON) CHENG

Under our insatiable pursuit of materialism amidst the global capitalism, our design imaginaries towards the proliferating Fourth Natures demand a critical reassessment. Abandoned to their own fate, and left to their own devices - these orphaned territories are at the precipice of a renewed biological paradigm, spearheaded from generations of extractivist industrial activities.

Yet, they are often sheltered from a broader scientific understanding under terms of “derelictness”, the bountiful natural capital in place as mere shells to be eventually discarded, thought as defiled and banal to one’s experiential sensibilities. Therefore I propose an intervention in the form of a socioecological laboratory, taking place on the Wallace Craigie Mill of Dundee, a former jute preparing and spinning factory. I aim to interrogate contemporary discourses on brownfields centered around its ruinous motif as decor for a gentrifying future, instead to stage a process-oriented intervention that speculates on furtive and spontaneous inhabitations, existing in unpredictable and potentially fleeting timeframes. Participatory strategies guide the development and accessibility of these “meanwhile” sites through minimal, bodily engagements with the anthropogenic soil that allow room for a broader, unplanned series of successional ecologies, while cultivating care, ownership, or even a sense of guerilla-ship against a future, speculative series of contestations towards the industrial heritage.

Above: Choreographing dynamic system changes through “placemaking”, Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, Critical Zones, 2023-2024.

Opposite: Multidimensional, socioecological trajectories of Fourth Nature, Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, Critical Zones, 2023-2024.

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Soils may not be as terrestrially comprehensible as the beings inhabiting it, or that tending to soil is mostly a means of producing consumerism.

However they are extremely diverse, alive and nuanced matters - acting as a palimpsest of happenings above ground whose traces find its way into the matter. The evolutionary trajectory of the environment is inextricably tied to our aesthetic, moral and material priorities towards nature. Amidst the global capitalism embodied by extractivist views towards natural resources, thinking in attunement to soil can open up a design worldview that embraces the unresolved but pioneering ecologies of our future.

Opposite: Pedological diversities in forms of soil chromatographies and microscopic images, Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 1 & 2, Critical Zones, 2023-2024.

Below: Palimpsests of pedological histories unveiled through the bodily experience of pigment making, Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 1, Critical Zones, 2023.

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Key: 1 Derelict (55.5404900, -5.3155193) 2

Mixed Woodland (56.1568733, -3.9164966)

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CHARTING POST-ECOLOGIES | TSZ KWOK (GORDON) CHENG

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Above: Planting Speculations, Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, Critical Zones, 2024. The ecological speculation becomes the design, or the lesson under the socioecological laboratory.

Below: Organic palimpsests framed as a series of jute manufacturing stages, Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, Critical Zones, 2024. Charting the material odyssey of the plant in ways it may be manipulated but also the wastes & byproducts that came out of it.

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Jute and rubble soil making and mound making in the periodically accessible laboratory

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Mounted crushed rubbles as means of microclimate control, materiality leaving as is

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Enhanced compost adopting jute fibres and carbonized organic materials, fabricating soils under Fourth Nature

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Top: Visualizations on intersections between emergent ecologies and facilitative interventions, Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, Critical Zones, 2024.

Bottom: Organic palimpsests of cultural histories through soil making utilizing rubbles and jute textiles, Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 1, Critical Zones, 2023.

CHARTING POST-ECOLOGIES | TSZ KWOK (GORDON) CHENG

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ECOLOGICAL COEXISTING LANDSCAPES FOCUS ON THE TENSION TINGTING DONG

I think my role as a landscape architect as identifying the contradictions that exist in the landscape and resolving them to maintain a sustainable ecological space that coexists between the landscape and human society. I am committed to creating better landscapes for cities and nature to co-exist in harmony. My design philosophy and practice is deeply rooted in my personal love of nature and my desire for coexisting landscapes. For me, landscape design is not only an aesthetic medium, but also a responsibility to address ecological and climatic issues and to develop sustainable ecological landscapes and biodiversity. I am committed to shaping landscape spaces with unique stories and coexistence by combining diversity, innovation and ecological sustainability.

In my project, I found through my research that the tensions in the landscape of the site are caused by a confrontational and friction-filled relationship between the existing elements (humans, wildlife and water), which I hope to transform into a better relationship - coexistence. Coexistence implies the possibility of a new model of sustainable urban development and a dynamic balance between the intertwining of human communities and nature.

Tensions stem from post-industrial pollution that affects soil and vegetation; expanding cities and active human activities that are forcing wildlife away from their former habitats; rising sea levels that are putting coastal habitats and city at risk; and flooding problems that are getting worse every year, especially endangering the historical buildings...

Above:Coexisting——Focus on the Tension (Tingting Dong), Course: Landscape Architecture Design: Terrain & Ecologies-SEM2, 2022

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Above:Coexisting——Focus on the Tension (Tingting Dong), Course: Landscape Architecture Design: Terrain & Ecologies-SEM2, 2022

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The urban public green space system emphasises both ecological and public benefits. Firstly, areas of existing green space with high ecological diversity are designated as reserves, where the emphasis is on building low disturbance facilities for human activities and prohibiting pet entry; and increasing green corridors in the city, i.e. optimising greenery along streets and pocket parks to improve the urban landscape while providing paths for wildlife movement in the city and between habitats;improving parks and public green spaces, and gradually transforming green spaces with low public and ecological benefits, such as golf courses, into urban green spaces that better reflect the idea of co-existing in the future.

ECOLOGICAL COEXISTING LANDSCAPES | TINGTING DONG

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ECOLOGICAL COEXISTING LANDSCAPES | TINGTING DONG

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INFRASTRUCTURAL LEGACIES STORIES OF DECONSTRUCTION AND EMERGENCE LUISA GRASSI

75% of Iceland’s energy derives from hydropower. Whilst energy can serve many purposes, 80% of the energy produced in Iceland is used to power energy-intensive heavy industries (such as aluminium smelting).

The environmental implications of such projects are in stark contrast with Iceland’s reputation as a country that values nature and sustainability.

Reflecting on modes of energy production, the birth and death of systems, and infrastructural legacies, the aim is to explore and expose territorial transformations.

By observing infrastructural and natural residues and speculating modes of deconstruction, the project wants to move away from the misguided longing for a return to nature in favor of a critical awareness.

Designing by removal, the proposal is an engineered disintegration of the Kárahnjúkar dam, perceived as the central node of the parasitic Kárahnjúkar Hydropower energy system. The action of deconstruction does not carry the arrogance of assuming a return to a ‘pre-dam state’, rather it allows the creation of a ‘laboratory of observation’ aimed at studying post-disaster ecological emergence.

Implicit within this work are questions of what qualifies as a design tool and how legislative planning can be used as an operational tool, spurring reflection on modes of production, legislation and multispecies survival within the Anthropocene.

Above: Protest signs from action by Saving Iceland (Luisa Grassi), Course: MLAII Quiet Places, 2024.

Opposite: Assemblage of the Jökulsá á Dal valley (Luisa Grassi), Course: MLAII Quiet Places, 2024.

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INFRASTRUCTURAL LEGACIES | LUISA GRASSI

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1. Observing material interactions 2. Observing material interactions 3. Fictioning points of view 4. Fictioning points of view 5. Fictioning points of view 6. Interruption of flows: current conditions 7. Taking action: climbing the Kárahnjúkar dam 8. Detonation 9. Notches 10. New material interactions: erosion 11. Residues and reuse: sediment trap conglomerates

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Above: Current conditions of the Jökulsá á Dal valley (Luisa Grassi), Course: MLAII Quiet Places, 2024.

Below: Laboratory of observation: speculating on species of emergence in a 50 yr timeframe (Luisa Grassi), Course: MLAII Quiet Places, 2024.

Above: Assemblages of emergence (Luisa Grassi), Course: MLAII Quiet Places, 2024.

Below: Birch forest emergence (Luisa Grassi), Course: MLAII Quiet Places, 2024.

INFRASTRUCTURAL LEGACIES | LUISA GRASSI

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LOST WOOD

REUSING DEADWOOD TO CREATE LANDSCAPE YUXIN HAN

The Clyde River is an important economic corridor for Glasgow and used to be known for its timber industry, one of the pillars of the city’s development. Experiencing a transition from timber to services, problems have arisen along the shoreline, such as fragmentation and vacancy.

Part of the area has been transformed into cultural and educational land, but the lack of masterplanning has led to a lack of connectivity.

The government proposed the ‘2050 Clyde River Development Corridor Strategy’, which aims to revitalise both sides of the river, improve connectivity and the urban fabric, and adapt to future needs. While this has been successful, insufficient consideration has been given to established functional sites such as commercial sites and car parks.

Dead wood has become a barrier to sustainable urban functioning, affecting roads and ecological zones and causing drainage difficulties. However, dead wood is a valuable ecological resource during decomposition and provides important living space for plants, animals and microorganisms. Therefore, it becomes an important design priority to reuse dead wood to maintain site functions and to ensure urban structural coherence and sustainability while tracing the city’s timber culture. The story of the timber trade is told through the reuse of dead wood and the creation of different spatial environments to create different experiences.

Opposite: Different Forms of Wood (Yuxin Han), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 1 Critical Zones, 2023.

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Mall Mire Community Woodland has transitioned from a coppiced forest to a community education forest, boasting a diverse vegetation that provides a pristine environment for dead wood decomposition.

Visitors can walk among the trails and immerse themselves in the huge trunks of the trees, as if they were at the site of the felling. The entertainment facilities stacked with timbers have become a space for children to experience the dead wood. Over time, these withered trees will grow new plants.

Opposite: Deadwood stacking strategy at Malls Mire Community Woodland (Yuxin Han), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2 Critical Zones, 2024.

Below: Timber Trade (Yuxin Han), Course: Landscape architecture design exploration: Part 2 Critical Zones, 2024.

LOST WOOD | YUXIN HAN

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Top: Natural Forest Zone Section (Yuxin Han), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2 Critical Zones, 2024.

Middle: Deadwood Opening Zone Section (Yuxin Han), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2 Critical Zones, 2024.

Bottom: Deadwood Decomposition Zone Section (Yuxin Han), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2 Critical Zones, 2024.

LOST WOOD | YUXIN HAN

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Top: Natural Forest Zone (Yuxin Han), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2 Critical Zones, 2024.

Bottom: Deadwood Opening Zone (Yuxin Han), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2 Critical Zones, 2024.

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DYNAMIC FUTURES PARTICIPATION IN POST-GLACIAL PROCESS ALICE GARRETT HINDMARSH

Anthropogenically-induced climate change shows few signs of reversing before the point of no return. The resulting environmental change generates points of tension between an established populace and the landscape, calling for an adaptive approach to design and management strategy.

For the Icelandic population, the experience of environmental impact is especially visceral due to a shared cultural identity rooted in the Icelandic landscape, hence, my project philosophies pursue concepts of Indigenous animism by flattening ontological hierarchies of human exceptionalism and disputing the subject-object binary. This resulted in a proposed series of interconnected interventions that bridge the widening gap between the landscape processes and human inhabitants present between the Hoffelsjökull outlet glacier and the town of Höfn in southeast Iceland.

Manipulated by glacial meltwater, Site 1 records climate warming through the erosion of man-made structures. Eroded pieces are intercepted downstream at Site 2, the location of a decadal community excavation exercise. Excavated pieces are transported to Site 3 -- their installation and subsequent disintegration providing substrate and shelter for developing post-glacial ecologies. A full breakdown of this process-driven intervention series can be found on the following pages.

Ultimately, environmental changes resulting from a warming climate will likely never cease. However, this project explores how they can be understood in new ways whereby proximal human communities of glacial landscapes can actively participate in the process of ushering in a healthy post-glacial future.

Above: Collaged exploration excerpt of Intervention Site 1 (Alice Garrett Hindmarsh), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, Quiet Places, MLA2.

Opposite: Assemble, Disassemble, Reassemble: Integrating process-driven interventions into an existing dynamic system (Alice Garrett Hindmarsh), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, Quiet Places, MLA2.

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1. Sediment is sheared under the Hoffelsjökull outlet glacier.

2. Sheared sediment is transported with meltwater downstream.

3. Sheared sediment is deposited at the coastline of Höfn.

4. The coastline is routinely dredged for ships to access the harbour.

5. Dredged sediment is transported to a new location for processing.

6. Dredged sediment is compressed into reproducible blocks.

7. The two forms of the interlocking and reproducible blocks.

8. When stacked, the blocks resemble the columnar jointing of Iceland.

9. An example of how the two block forms stack together.

10. The stacked forms also resemble floating ice bergs of outlet glaciers.

11. Blocks are installed in the Hoffelsjökull glaciofluvial channel (Site 1).

12. Four examples of erosion that break down the block structures.

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13. The Höfn community measures and reports on block breakdown.

14. Broken and eroded block pieces are transported downstream.

15. Transportation changes the texture and shape of eroded material.

16. Broken pieces are captured by a series of large groynes (Site 2).

17. Accumulated pieces are excavated from the groynes during a decadal communiy event .

18. Pieces are transported and installed in a site of post-glacial ecological succession using community vehicles (Site 3).

19. Different plant species establish in and around the broken pieces.

20. Biological erosion causes the pieces to break down further, forming a substrate that can host more ecological succession.

21. Site 3 becomes a rich area of pioneer species in a post-glacial future.

STORYBOARDING AN INTERVENTION SERIES | ALICE GARRETT HINDMARSH

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Above: Building blocks, part 1 (Alice Garrett Hindmarsh), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, Quiet Places, MLA2.

Below: Building blocks, part 2 (Alice Garrett Hindmarsh), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, Quiet Places, MLA2.

Above: Building blocks, part 3 (Alice Garrett Hindmarsh), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, Quiet Places, MLA2.

Below: Building blocks, part 4 (Alice Garrett Hindmarsh), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, Quiet Places, MLA2.

STORYBOARDING AN INTERVENTION SERIES | ALICE GARRETT HINDMARSH

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REJUVENATING THE SHEEPSCAPE JIONGRAN HUO

Icelandic sheep farming, once one of the mainstays of the country’s economy, has been in decline due to import trade and environmental issues. This project aims to revitalize sheep farming by designing a journey for tourists to experience the Icelandic sheep landscape, which overlaps with the farmers’ sheep herding routes, so that the tourists can learn to know and love the Icelandic sheep landscape, and become supporters of the farmers’ cause.

Sheep farming in Iceland is distinctly different from other countries in that it allows farmers to be self-sufficient, and this cyclical process allows visitors to realize why the tradition of sheep farming should not be abandoned. The journey to the highlands takes us through meadows, gorges, waterfalls, mosslands, wetlands and rivers, always at a distance from the sheep, where the changing environment makes for a dynamic and interesting sheep landscape.

And deep in the highlands is the most pristine.

Iceland, the completely free sheep landscape represents the unique charm of Iceland. The journey ends back at the sheep pen in the Kirkjubæjarklaustur to celebrate the return of the sheep with the local farmers.

The experiential journey maintains Iceland’s own primitiveness, allowing visitors to spend a short time getting the most authentic experience of life in Iceland, and to join the once disillusioned farmers in their renewed love of their land.

Above: Sheep round-up view in Iceland (Jiongran Huo), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2. Quiet Places Studio, 2024.

Opposite: Proposal pasture rest area view 1 (Jiongran Huo), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2. Quiet Places Studio, 2024.

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The terrain of the pasture is flat and surrounded mainly by fragile mossland, wetlands and rivers. The secondary road next to the pasture is the town’s access road from the Ring Road into the highlands to Laki (Lakagígar), which has a great advantage of accessibility, so as a starting point for the journey, the visitor is able to get in touch with the local farmers and the sheep at this pasture to get acquainted with the Icelandic sheep farming culture, and to experience close moments with the Icelandic sheep.

Opposite:Lowland pasture porposal plan (Jiongran Huo), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2. Quiet Places Studio, 2024.

Below: Proposal pasture section A-A’ (Jiongran Huo), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2.

Quiet Places Studio, 2024.

REJUVENATING THE SHEEPSCAPE | JIONGRAN HUO

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Above: Proposal sheep shelter analysis (Jiongran Huo), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2. Quiet Places Studio, 2024.

Below: Proposal farmer’s shelter analysis (Jiongran Huo), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2. Quiet Places Studio, 2024.

Above: Sheep shelter in Highlands Mossland Area (Jiongran Huo), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2. Quiet Places Studio, 2024.

Below: Viewpoint in Lowlands Area for Captive Sheep (Jiongran Huo), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2. Quiet Places Studio, 2024.

REJUVENATING THE SHEEPSCAPE | JIONGRAN HUO

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RETURNING TO PEATLAND FUZZY BOUNDARY QIXIANG LAI

Peatlands are of great ecological value and play an important role in carbon storage and water management. And now Flanders Moss, the oldest and largest surviving marshland in the UK, is facing a range of problems including ring breaks and flooding.

The aim of my plan is to blur the boundaries, the first part of which is to create a complete network of wetlands, connecting drains, including individual patches, and creating a buffer zone of wetland corridors along the river, which will help the surrounding land to store more floodwater, filtering effluent flowing from agricultural and grazing land to the river, and relieving downstream flooding pressures. The second part of the project is to create an ecosystem where plants and animals can fully communicate. Re-wetting the land at the edge of the peatland and adding wetland farmland in the middle of the peatland and the agro-pastoral land will effectively link the whole ecology, increase the communication between plants and animals, and break down the otherwise rigid boundaries.

Above: Section of moss ,(Qixiang Lai), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration Part 1, 2023.

Opposite: Changes in the timing of floods (Qixiang Lai), Course: Landscape architecture design exploration: Part 2, 2024.

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The journey of peat moss, from bud to end, is strewn with twists and turns.

Flanders Moss, the UK’s most extensive remaining bogland, has also experienced a complex journey from birth, to prosperity, to decline over the past 10,000 years. However, just as the moss withers and then lays the foundation stone for new life, so the Flanders Moss of the 21st century, and indeed the future, is on the verge of rebirth, pregnant with infinite new possibilities.

Opposite: The beginning of the story: moss (Qixiang Lai), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, 2024.

Below: Measure (Qixiang Lai), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, 2024.

RETURNING TO PEATLAND | QIXIANG LAI

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Opposite: Proposal plan (Qixiang Lai), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, 2024.

Below: Time change (Qixiang Lai), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, 2024.

RETURNING TO PEATLAND | QIXIANG LAI

In many years, the land adjacent to the peatland will come together as a complete and active ecosystem. Wildlife is active in the peatland and crosses through ecological corridors. Flooding is mitigated and controlled and becomes part of the wetland network system. The land also receives more attention for peatland tourism and local land users receive more economic income from the wetland farmland.

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BIO-COMMUNITY BASE ON THE FESTIVAL ÞJÓÐHÁTÍÐ LINGE LI

This program is aiming to take the National Festival in iceland as an opprotunity to achieve the idea called Bio-community. The defination of biocommunity is a community that has a very close relationship between Human & Non-human. "The birds are standing on the windowsill, singing. You cycling on the street, and a puffin is coming back from far away sea, carrying three sand eels. And the puffling is waiting, calling for food. The island is covered by white and blue flowers, and they are breathing, witnessing the life force flowing." Such dynamic scenes always show the strong connection of all things in the world. At the same time, the utopian vision also calls on us, as humans, to consider beyond human thinking and the idea of coexisting with nature.

This project connects everything through landscape creation. On Heimaey Island, which gathers all the life and elements of Iceland, the program use the role of the island as a microcosm to experimentally reconstruct the natural relationship of this land.

Through landscape design, this program integrates time, space, and life to achieve the ultimate goal: Bio-community.

Above:Heimaey in the Westman Island (Linge Li), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, Quiet Place, 2024.

Opposite: Site & Connection plan (Linge Li), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, Quiet Place, 2024.

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Above: Scenairo of golf course (Linge Li), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, Quiet Place, 2024.

BIO-COMMUNITY | LINGE LI

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Top: About the festival ÞJÓÐHÁTÍÐ (Linge Li), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, Quiet Place, 2024.

Bottom: Overview of the Heimaey (Linge Li), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, Quiet Place, 2024.

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Top: Section of the site in town (Linge Li), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, Quiet Place, 2024.

Middle: Section of the site in lava field (Linge Li), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, Quiet Place,2024.

Bottom: Section of the site in golf course (Linge Li), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, Quiet Place, 2024.

BIO-COMMUNITY | LINGE LI

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Above: Environmental catalyse & Temporality (Linge Li), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, Quiet Place, 2024.

Below: Festival Registration Guide (Linge Li), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, Quiet Place, 2024.

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HARMONY IN DIVERSITY TRACES, NARRATIVES AND TIME TIANWEI LIAO

As a landscape architect, I see my role as both safeguarding and advancing cultural heritage. I’m dedicated to preserving the essence of our landscapes while also introducing innovative approaches to enrich and evolve our cultural experiences. My design practice is deeply influenced by my love for nature and respect for cultural traditions. For me, landscape architecture is a medium for the pursuit of aesthetics while carrying the responsibility of protecting the all environment. In my design projects, I integrate past and present, visible and invisible elements through creative design to create landscape spaces with unique stories and harmonious diversity.

Touching traces：in the vast world, traces and symbols are ubiquitous.

Exploring how landscape traces embody memories, viewing them as bridges between spaces.

Exploring narratives：I delve into how my design practice allows me to uncover hidden narratives within the landscape, including subterranean spaces and microbiomes.

Engraving time: time poses both challenges and opportunities in design, allowing for the creation of enduring landscapes that offer rich experiences.

Above: Aerial hand drawing of peatland site (Tianwei Liao), Course: Terrain & Ecologies - Peatwland restoration, 2023.

Opposite: Rubbings of traces (Tianwei Liao, Luisa，Gordon and Eilidh), Course: Context & Grounding - Within the Folds, 2023.

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Opposite: Spatial Traces and Emotions (Tianwei Liao), Course: Context & Grounding - Within the Folds, 2023.

Below: Thoughts on the relationship between wall folds and traces (Tianwei Liao), Course: Context & Grounding - Within the Folds, 2023.

HARMONY IN DIVERSITY | TIANWEI LIAO

In the complexity of the site space, I found certain rules, which are mainly divided into lane space, indoor space, natural space and Flanker space.

These traces in spaces of different scales bring unique emotional experiences to people, thus forming deep memory points. Through the combination of these special traces, Flanker space, as the end of the route, forms the most complete spatial emotional experience in the entire site, forming a new Flanker trace space, which finally converges at one point from line to surface, reaching the emotional climax of the entire site.

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I prioritize strengthening neglected ecosystems, such as intertidal zones, to create sustainable landscapes rich in cultural and ecological elements.

By delving deeper into hidden stories and microecologies, I enrich my understanding of a place, recognizing the transformative power of time in shaping ever-evolving and enduring landscapes. These landscapes offer immersive and ever-changing experiences, reflecting the intricate interplay between history, culture, and the environment.

Opposite: Bird’s eye view of design (Tianwei Liao), Course: Design Exploration: Part 2 - Edge of sea, 2024.

Below: Origin of cultural symbols (Tianwei Liao), Course: Design Exploration: Part 2 - Edge of sea, 2024.

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GROWING FROM SEED GLENMORE FOREST PARK NURSERY DESIGN BINGKUN LIU

Historically, the ancient pine forests in Glenmore have shown tenacious natural regeneration capabilities after large-scale logging. After the First World War, artificial pinewoods were planted on a large scale in pursuit of higher yields, resulting in dense understory vegetation. The degree of closure is extremely high. Since very little sunlight can penetrate the dense pine needles and branches, the species richness is greatly reduced compared with the natural ancient pinewoods.

At the same time, the natural regeneration of pine trees cannot proceed smoothly, resulting in a single age of the forest. In order to better respond to the vision of a more sustainable future forestry in Scotland’s Forestry Strategy 20192029, building forests with richer species and more tree age stages is obviously a more conducive choice to face various challenges in the future.

In order to better promote natural regeneration, enrich pine forest species, and bring more economic benefits to the local area, a planting nursery want to design in Glenmore to cultivate Scots pine and forest wildflowers to accelerate the natural regeneration of pine forests in the surrounding areas. Form a regional gardening center integrating seedling cultivation, wildlife observation and rescue, home gardening product provider, nature education, and leisure and entertainment.

Above: Common plant species in Caledonian Forest (Bingkun Liu), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 1, 2023.

Opposite: Dynamic system of scotspine life cucle (Bingkun Liu), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, 2024.

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The production cycle of scots pine seeds is closely related to the production landscape of the site - the nursery. The seeds of Scots pine need to mature after a two-year growth cycle. If artificial cultivation is required, the seeds need to be harvested and stored before they are fully mature.

While breeding scots pine seedlings, the site also breeds understory plants, providing sources of germplasm for regions and individuals who need to promote understory biodiversity.

Opposite: The relationship between lake and around path (Bingkun Liu), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, 2024.

Below: Aerial view of nursery (Bingkun Liu), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, 2024.

GROWING FROM SEED | BINGKUN LIU

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1. View of greenhouse , where you can see the seeds from germination to seedling stage.

2. In the windbreak zone, you can see the saplings growing in their natural state.

3. The understory planting bed near the lake shore provides shelter for the understory plants after the upper pine trees grow up. Different native understory plants of the pine forest are used to create the planting bed.

4. The viewing platform on the lake can provide people with a good view of the seven granny pine trees growing on the small island.

5. Remaining dead wood in the site was placed near the end point to form a complete display of the Scots pine life cycle.

6. The view at the end is the best. You can see entire nursery production process and the mountains in the distance.

Following the trail around the lake, one can clearly see the entire life course of the Scots pine from its infancy to its death. (Bingkun Liu), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, 2024.

GROWING FROM SEED | BINGKUN LIU

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Above: Greenhouse cultivated saplings (Bingkun Liu), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, 2024.

Below: Understory plant breeding (Bingkun Liu), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, 2024.

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OUT AND REACH

ENHANCING LANDSCAPE PROJECTS THROUGH OUT AND REACH SHAOHUA (SHARON) LIU

The problem background is based on the real-world challenges encountered in my past projects: due to a lack of owner or societal support and insufficient project maintenance funding, landscape projects deteriorated and disintegrated earlier than expected. Some phased development large-scale projects could only complete the construction of the first two site areas, and the park, after completion, gradually became dilapidated and deserted due to a lack of funding and the level of attention from owners and society.

I am more inclined to interpret “outreach” as “going out and establishing new connections” and “communicating with these connections”. I attempt to create this strategy within the framework of climbing plants to strengthen their connection with surrounding surfaces.

Exploring: mycelial network Establishing: vine branches Developing: vine tendrils These three stages correspond to the following three chapters. In the first chapter, I will introduce the origin of this strategy and expand the spatial and temporal dimensions of connections in course practice. In the second chapter, I elaborate on the importance of social connections to the project and why social connections need to be built on the foundation of frameworks and course practices. The third chapter will describe the thought process and course practice that further strengthens connections by combining “perception theory” and spatial transformation methods.

Above: Exploring: Mycelial Network, Establishing: vine branches, and Developing: vine tendrils (Sharon Liu), Course: Academic portfolio, 2024.

Opposite: Project with “Out And Reach” strategy (Sharon Liu), Course: Context & Grounding - Within the Folds, 2024. In these two projects, the scope of connectivity extends from spatial to temporal dimensions. This not only reinforces the significance and rationality of the projects themselves but also plays a crucial role in broader social relationships.

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Addressing this project’s connectivity objectives, I particularly focused on the scales of farmers’ livelihoods, agricultural production, sales, and transportation; the scales of residents’ and campus activities in daily life; and the sales scales of restaurant businesses, thus forming a framework targeting routes covering farmers’ and urbanites’ activities.

Opposite + Below: Strategy framework (Sharon Liu), Course: Terrain & Ecologies-Design (with) Climates, 2023.

Near the school, these elements are combined to form a closed-loop route of growing, picking, cooking, and selling agricultural products with the school and the community.

OUT AND REACH | SHAOHUA (SHARON) LIU

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My intention was to invite viewers through explicit landscapes, allowing hidden spaces to become thematic expressions, stimulating exploration.

While this intent was present in previous design concepts, it lacked stronger representation. Hence, I devised an exploratory journey: 1. A clearly defined starting point with a journey objective.2. As the target islet falls under UNESCO protection, alternative islets were explored. 3.

Selecting a nearby exhibition islet as the journey’s end, recreating unique landforms and small-scale art structures along the way.

The site initiates with a clearly defined entry point marked by artificial traces, gradually transitioning to intermittent pathways, granting visitors freedom to explore natural areas and guiding them to other landforms. Observations along the way allow viewers to form their own interpretations.

Opposite: Journey (Sharon Liu), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2-Quiet Place Studio, 2024.

Below: Three explored islets and expo islet (Sharon Liu), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2-Quiet Place Studio, 2024.

OUT AND REACH | SHAOHUA (SHARON) LIU

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PERTH LADE HISTORICAL ECHO YIZHUO LIU

Landscape architects in my opinion are intermediaries between nature and human beings, playing the role of a bridge between nature and human beings.

In my final semester design, I focused on the heritage of the landscape, its current condition and the possibility of redevelopment. I focused on Perth Lade, an old canal built in the 18th century. Since its construction in the Middle Ages, many mills, factories and private businesses have used the Perth Lade to supply water and electricity. Through a search of historical maps and documents, I found as many as 19 sites of mill industries along the Perth Lade.

Linen, leather, bleaching products and whisky were important export commodities to many places and Perth thrived on the trade of these mills, known by residents as ‘the heart of Perth’ With the advent of the industrial revolution in the 19th century, these mills slowly failed to keep up with the demands of the transition and despite such a rich history, my walkabout survey found that only a small number of these industrial sites have survived along the Perth Lade, many of which are fairly small in scale With the decline of the mills, the Perth Canal has gradually become unloved, and this once busy man-made canal is now in a state of disrepair. The lack of maintenance and regeneration has led to an increase in anti-social activity in the vicinity of the Perth Canal, with up to 11 anti-social gatherings reported in 2021 alone, and a public reluctance to travel through the area.

Above: Samples of water collected under the microscope on 10.16 and 10.20 (Yizhuo Liu), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 1, 2023.

Opposite: Site 2 section (Yizhuo Liu), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, 2024.

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The plan aims to explore the public green space along the Perth Lade and integrate it with Perth’s historic mill site, using a landscape approach to recreate the site along the Perth Lade to evoke a sense of identity for the city’s residents and to make the site economically viable to help maintain the Perth Lade sustainably in the future.

Opposite: Perth Lade and the main canal in the Scottish Highlands (Yizhuo Liu), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, 2024.

Below: Perth Lade Archaeological History (Yizhuo Liu), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2. 2024 .

PERTH LADE HISTORICAL ECHO | YIZHUO LIU

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Opposite: Site 1 Pre-analysis sketch (Yizhuo Liu), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, 2024.

Below: Site 1 Dyeing Plants Garden in four seasons (Yizhuo Liu), Course: Landscape Architecture Design

PERTH LADE HISTORICAL ECHO | YIZHUO LIU

Using the historic use of the mill’s current site as a cue, the plan will create a historic community landscaped green space on two open spaces along the Perth Lade, integrating the landscape with the historic site so that residents can enjoy the open and unused spaces along the Perth Lade while generating some economic benefit and maintaining the ecology of the Perth Lade in a more sustainable way.

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TREELESS LAND REWRITING THE NARRATIVE OF TREES MENGFEI LUO

Iceland is often regarded as a treeless land, but this is not because the climate is unsuitable for trees, but rather because Iceland’s trees were once heavily logged. My research focuses on the mutual remodelling of natural and social landscapes, from an empty, uninhabited island to a degraded, owned landscape, which seems to create a timeless social order.

The transformation of the Icelandic environment from woodland to grassland is not just a shift from a pristine natural landscape to a degraded landscape.

The changes in Iceland are the result of intentional human alteration of the land. This is closely related to the changes in the landscape caused by the monastic system in medieval Iceland, where church-owned woodlands were over-exploited.

It was not until the transformation of Icelandic industry that the Icelandic government realised the crisis of the birch tree and began to advocate its planting.

Birch, as an old native tree species in Iceland, seems to be closely related to the changing social patterns in Iceland.

A century ago, Icelanders had hardly seen a tree and had a very vague concept of “tree”. This project aims to enhance Icelanders’ understanding of ‘trees’ while demonstrating how tree planting can help restore the environment and combat future climate crises.

Above: Evolution of woodlands in Iceland (Mengfei Luo), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2. Quiet Places Studio, 2024.

Opposite: Walking in Blue Spruce (Mengfei Luo), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2.

Quiet Places Studio, 2024.

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For the project in Iceland, I sorted out the timeline of Iceland’s trees. Under the influence of the Little Ice Age and the Anthropocene, the main groups of trees in Iceland can be divided into three periods, the Sequoia at the very beginning, the pines in the middle period, and the birch in the later period.

I extracted the trunk textures of these three trees and made the pavement of the road along their timeline. When people walk on the road, they can observe the changes in the texture of the pavement and feel the process of changes of typical Icelandic trees, and it also helps Icelanders to build up their knowledge of trees from the perspective of light, shadow, colour, texture and life. The planting of birch trees in the project also responds to the history of social transformation in this space.

Opposite: Interpretation of tree (Mengfei Luo), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2. Quiet Places Studio, 2024.

Below: View of Kirkjubæjarklaustur (Mengfei Luo), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2.

Quiet Places Studio, 2024.

TREELESS LAND | MENGFEI LUO

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Above: Timeline of iconic tree species (Mengfei Luo), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2. Quiet Places Studio, 2024.

Below: Trace the tree(Mengfei Luo), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2. Quiet Places Studio, 2024.

Above: The life circle between people and tree (Mengfei Luo), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2. Quiet Places Studio, 2024.

Below: Journey Dissociation (Mengfei Luo), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2. Quiet Places Studio, 2024.

TREELESS LAND | MENGFEI LUO

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CONFLUENCES OF MEANING

EXPLORING A WIDER INTERCONNECTEDNESS OF THE GROUND, SPACE AND NATURE TIANZE LUO

As Christophe Girot eloquently articulates, there exists a fundamental dichotomy for every designer: the scientific understanding of landscapes stands in stark contrast to the more subjective, poetic, and emotionally charged perceptions of these spaces (Girot, 2013). This juxtaposition has captivated my intellectual pursuits over the last two years, driving me to explore a new paradigm through which to comprehend landscapes. The prevalent methodologies in landscape design are heavily laden with formalistic science, prescriptive positivism, and even echoes of mechanical materialism. There is a pressing need for a novel paradigm that not only acknowledges the rich tapestry of the past but also seamlessly incorporates the possibilities of the present and the future, thereby crafting a cohesive and meaningful narrative that expands the operational field of landscape on a broader scale.

In pursuit of this, I have dedicated two years to an immersive practice in grounding, modeling, geography, among other dimensions, aiming to foster a deeper connection with the land, space, and nature itself. This inquiry assumes even greater significance in the context of a climate crisis, prompting us to ponder—how can we proactively respond to the myriad changes we face? Is the answer rooted in design, science, or perhaps a rekindling of the human spirit?

While immediate or definitive responses may elude us, it is my hope that the ensuing exploration of design practices offers some illumination and inspiration to readers.

Above: Riverside park in Leven (Tianze Luo), Course: Terrain & Ecologies - Design With Climate, 2023.

Opposite: Rendering: Leven River Basin, woodland, pasture and farmland (Tianze Luo), Course: Terrain & Ecologies - Design With Climate, 2023.

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Delving into the intricacies of grounding details not only fortifies the research but also provides it with a solid foundation. Thus, when we direct our focus towards examining water, grounding emerges as a formidable tool to scrutinize the scientific paradigm and the very essence of positivism. Armed with this methodological approach, our comprehension of the intricate subject matter of water deepens significantly. By anchoring our investigations in a thorough understanding of grounding principles, we not only enhance the rigor of our research but also unlock new dimensions of insight into the nature of water and its myriad complexities.

Opposite: Grounding: Material transection in V&A museum, Dundee (Tianze Luo), Course: Ground-Works and Construction Designe - Dundee group, 2022.

CONFLUENCES OF MEANING | TIANZE LUO

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Opposite: PLA model: topology, river, sediment, Iceland (Tianze Luo), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploratiion: Part 2 - Iceland Group, 2024.

Below: Landscape approach to understanding the site (Tianze Luo), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 1 - Iceland Group, 2023.

CONFLUENCES OF MEANING | TIANZE LUO

Employing diverse methods to comprehend space and the natural world, the fusion of these elements is exemplified in the uniquely characteristic and delicate terrain of Iceland, facilitating a profound observation of land transformation. By engaging various perceptual lenses, the human observer attains a fresh perspective on the world, ultimately leading back to a contemplative examination of the local landscape. This intricate interplay between perception, environment, and reflection not only enriches our understanding of the dynamic relationship between humanity and nature but also encourages a deeper appreciation for the intricate beauty and fragility inherent in the landscapes we inhabit.

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MACHRIE MOOR OBSERVATORY

BETWEEN THE SKY AND THE UNDERWORLD HARUYUKI MIYATA

Our ancestors tried to understand nature through their imagination. It was a time when people did not have a scientific view. They connected the sky and the underworld with strong parallel lines of standing stones. You can hear narratives in the relations between the Sun and Moon, light and shadow, and water flow and sun and moon movement from this place. These works explore a way of appreciating nature that humans have lost without realizing it.

Machrie Moor preserves many artifacts and is full of memories of past human relationships with nature. People started to live and cultivate this area 5000 years ago, but they abandoned the site in 800 BC because the cold climate changed it into barren land and formed peat. A peatland has huge benefits for the climate crisis, but it is a very sensitive environment. It needs a vast of time to form peat, and degraded peat will release the carbon stored. The preservation of the peatland is a critical issue for climate change, and important not to lose our precious historic archives stored in the peat.

The project will try to preserve this archive and recall a way of seeing nature our ancestors used via remains. A light corridor is designed to be filled with light at sunrise on the summer solstice. A moon-shaped pool captures the movement of the sky like a mirror. Water ripples on the pool make circles similar to prehistoric art on stones. I believe that we can know where we are only after we know ways of appreciating nature in this vast world.

Above: Peatland Vegetation Assemblage (Haruyuki Miyata), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2 + Critical Zones Studio, 2024.

Opposite: Interaction in a peat bog (Haruyuki Miyata), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2 + Critical Zones Studio, 2024. An artist performance with butterflies and further excavation for artifacts. 1:10.

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Opposite: Interaction in a fen (Haruyuki Miyata), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2 + Critical Zones Studio, 2024. An artist performance under the moonlight in a moon-shaped pool. 1:10.

Below: Peat Bog System (Haruyuki Miyata), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2 + Critical Zones Studio, 2024. 1:10.

MACHRIE MOOR OBSERVATORY | HARUYUKI MIYATA

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Above: A fen zone (Haruyuki Miyata), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2 + Critical Zones Studio, 2024. 1:200.

Below: A fen zone 2 (Haruyuki Miyata), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2 + Critical Zones Studio, 2024. 1:200.

Above: A peat bog zone (Haruyuki Miyata), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2 + Critical Zones Studio, 2024. 1:200.

Below: A peat bog zone 2 (Haruyuki Miyata), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2 + Critical Zones Studio, 2024. 1:200.

MACHRIE MOOR OBSERVATORY | HARUYUKI MIYATA

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WHISPERS OF TIME

EMBRACING IMPERMANENCE THROUGH GENTLE GESTURES HO KWAN (LAYLA) NG

‘Whisper of Time’ is dedicated to revitalising Tay Forest Park by re-imagining its forestry practices and amplifying its inherent natural charms. The project draws inspiration from “In Phrase of Shadows,” which perceives beauty as a natural quality shaped by the interplay of light, shadow, and natural environment. Rooted in a philosophy of simplicity, I appreciate the transient and imperfect nature of existence and aspire to create a harmonious balance between the elements of nature.

The existing forestry strategy employed in the Tay Forest Park follows a clearfelling method structured across seven stages spanning a 50-year timeline. While this approach proves efficient for forest regeneration, the extensive tree harvesting across various zones prompts concerns regarding its long-term visual and ecological impact. Considering the forest park’s designation as a public recreational space, optimising its aesthetic appeal becomes paramount.

I think of trees as sculptures. Their original planting determines their future shape. Similarly to sculpting, it is more feasible to carve the existing structures rather than completely rebuilding everything. This led me to re-imaging the forestry practice in Tay Forest Park. Recognising the imperfections of the existing situation, the method I propose for this project is more gradual.

This project is using continuous cover forestry (CCF) to create small mosaic spaces and gradually transform the existing conifer plantation into a diverse and dynamic forest ecosystem.

Above: Model of coniferous plantation (Layla Ng), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, Critical Zones Studio, 2024 Opposite: The growing plants (Layla Ng), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, Critical Zones Studio, 2024.

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At the same time, trails are designed showcasing ‘forest narratives’ for visitors and interlink with the Allean Forest, fostering deeper engagement with nature. Through this gradual metamorphosis of the landscape, visitors can fully immerse themselves in the tranquillity of the forest, forging a profound connection with its innate beauty and serenity. In future, the tree collection can be gradually extended to cover the entire Forest Park. Through an ongoing process of adaptation and refinement, the existing coniferous forests will form the basis for continuous evolution.

Opposite: Forest Narrative (Layla Ng), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, Critical Zones Studio, 2024.

Below: The future of Tay Forest Park (Layla Ng), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, Critical Zones Studio, 2024.

WHISPERS OF TIME: EMBRACING IMPERMANENCE THROUGH GENTLE GESTURES | HO KWAN (LAYLA) NG

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Above: The existing dark forest (Layla Ng), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, Critical Zones Studio, 2024.

Below: Re-imagining the forestry practice in Tay Forest Park (Layla Ng), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, Critical Zones Studio, 2024.

Opposite: The forest ‘interior room’ (Layla Ng), Course: Landscape architecture design exploration: Part 2, Critical Zones studio, 2024.

WHISPERS OF TIME: EMBRACING IMPERMANENCE THROUGH GENTLE GESTURES | HO KWAN (LAYLA) NG

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BECOMING A TREE NATURAL BURIAL SPACE PENGJU SHI

Natural cemeteries and woodland cemeteries not only provide urban residents with more natural wild green spaces, but also provide a place for the deceased to return to and promote the development of the ecological environment. At the same time, natural cemeteries can be combined with local history and culture to form monumental cultural landscape spaces, enriching the functional and spatial attributes of green spaces. Most importantly, due to the special attributes of cemeteries and the influence of cultural beliefs, the cemetery space can often avoid the negative impacts of urban expansion and the negative impacts of some human activities, such as construction and development, arable land expansion, and other human activities will try to avoid occupying the cemetery space, so that the special characteristics of the cemetery space can better protect the ecology and provide shelter for some rare species, thus forming a healthier ecosystem.

Such a green space not only avoids the impact of large-scale development on the ecosystem, but also integrates with the urban space, providing a space closer to nature for urban residents.

Above: Patterns of root growth to represent the spread of natural space (Pengju Shi), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2,Critical Zones, 2024.

Opposite: Gravespace (Pengju Shi) Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2 Critical Zones,

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Natural cemetery spaces are integrated with cultural and natural spaces, not only promoting woodland and natural ecology, but also providing unique landscape spaces for people to enjoy

Opposite: Ritual spaces in natural cemeteries (Pengju Shi) Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2,Critical Zones, 2024.

Below: Cemetery space 100 years later (Pengju Shi), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, Critical Zones, 2024.

BECOMING A TREE | PENGJU SHI

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Opposite: Decomposition and material recycling processes (Pengju Shi), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, Critical Zones, 2024.

Below: Dynamics of natural cemetery space (Pengju Shi), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, Critical Zones, 2024.

BECOMING A TREE | PENGJU SHI

Natural cemeteries primarily incorporate natural burials and promote nature’s nutrient cycles and microbiological diversity through the natural decomposition of corpses, thereby promoting plant diversity and natural regeneration of the natural environment.

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DEPTH OF LANDSCAPE

THE PROCESS OF EXPLORING THE DEPTH OF LANDSCAPE YI (ECHO) TANG

With the development of society, humans have a deeper understanding of the landscape. Olwig (1996) argued that the equivalence between landscape and nature nowadays damages the complications of the landscape. He emphasized the landscape¡¯s substantive, which means ¡° real rather than apparent¡±. It represents that society requires the landscape designee to have a thorough thought. in a deeper layer. Not only does society encourage the landscape to have deeper thinking, but also, I as a realist, consistently strive to deeper thinking toward landscape design. During my two years of studying in Edinburgh, I was impressed every day in these two years by the ¡°design makes life better¡± motto that I wrote when I applied to the University of Edinburgh. Kienast et.al (n.d.) claimed landscape research is a discipline that needs interdisciplinary collaboration and needs to consider different spatial and scales because of its complexity.

The complexity of the landscape has always attracted me to deepen my thinking toward landscape.

After graduating from the University of Edinburgh, I will be working in the landscape field, where I aim to implement projects and continue exploring the ‘depth of the landscape’. That will benefit my understanding of landscape more practically. My goal is to make a real difference in people’s lives and the ecology, and I eagerly looking forward to a future that I am passionate about.

Above: The Ross Theatre Renovation (Echo Tang),Course: Material Knowledge and Detailed Design, 2022 Opposite: Ending is Begining (Echo Tang), Course: Context and Grounding Context-Concept-Content, 2022.

Next: Moving in Glenrothes (Echo Tang) Course: Terrain and Ecologies-Design (With) Climates, 2023.

Olwig, K.R. (1996) ‘Recovering the Substantive Nature of Landscape’, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 86(4), pp. 630-653.

Kienast, F. et al. (n.d.) ’Change and Transformation: A Synthesis’, in A Changing World. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. pp. 1–4.

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DEPTH OF LANDSCAPE | YI (ECHO) TANG

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Above: Iceland without ice (Echo Tang), Course: Design Exploration Part 1-Quiet Places, 2023.

DEPTH OF LANDSCAPE | YI (ECHO) TANG

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Above: Leith railway bridge upgrading (Echo Tang), Course: Groundworks and Construction Design, 2023.

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EFFICIENCY IN SUSTAINABILITY

A HARMONIZED APPROACH TO LANDSCAPE MATERIALS, FORESTRY AND ENERGY XINYUAN WANG

I summarize my identity as a designer as a reconciler of contradictions.

One of my guiding philosophies is a commitment to sustainable design, emphasizing efficiency, reconciling the tension between meeting the material and spiritual needs of the present generation and providing adequate resources for the next generation, and striving to strike a balance between functional requirements and environmental care. This definition of identity will influence my views on the responsible use of resources (Space), How to balance biodiversity and the economy, and how to incorporate renewable energy into landscape projects.

In my four projects, I will explore three interrelated themes that reflect my professional understanding and the current direction of sustainability in the field of landscape architecture: the rational use of sandstone in Scotland, the development of ecological corridors in Scottish woodlands (mechanisms for rotational production of trees), and the application of innovative hydroelectric technologies in the Morse River Hydroelectric Park project in Iceland (power production and environment).

These themes are not only of personal importance to me (which was an important part of my understanding of the historical development and prospects of the profession), but are also increasingly relevant to today’s socio-ecological context, especially in terms of combating climate change.

Above: Fragmented woodland in The leven catchment (XinYuan Wang), Course: Landscape Architecture Design: Terrain & Ecologies-Unit 1 Designing (with) Climates, 2023.

Next: Morsa Hydropower Park Design (XinYuan Wang ), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2 , 2024.

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Above: My plan for the woodlands and corridors of the leven catchment (XinYuan Wang), Course: Landscape Architecture Design: Terrain & Ecologies-Unit 1 Designing (with) Climates, 2023.

Below: Rotation strategies (XinYuan Wang), Course: Landscape Architecture Design: Terrain & Ecologies-Unit 1 Designing (with) Climates, 2023. This map shows the road-agricultural-pastoral analysis, in addition to the river-agricultural-pastoral rotation strategy.

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EFFICIENCY IN SUSTAINABILITY | XINYUAN WANG

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Above: Plan (XinYuan Wang ), Course: Landscape architecture techniques: Ground-Works and Construction Design, 2023. Sandstone paving that can carry a portable coffee kiosk and chairs, the Leven Marina Separation Area.

Below: Sections (XinYuan Wang ), Course: Landscape architecture techniques: Ground-Works and Construction Design, 2023. Sandstone paving that can carry a portable coffee kiosk and chairs, the Leven Marina Separation Area.

Above: Plan (XinYuan Wang ), Course: Landscape architecture design: Context and Grounding-Unit 1 Within the folds , 2022. The stage and the auditorium were designed using the local Scottish sandstone.

Below: Sections (Top right, middle left), as well as a multi-purpose sandstone auditorium area (XinYuan Wang), Course: Landscape architecture design: Context and Grounding-Unit 1 Within the folds, 2022. Sandstone stage with large, medium, and small temporary facilities.

EFFICIENCY IN SUSTAINABILITY | XINYUAN WANG

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LANDSCAPE AS BODY ORGANS, SENSES AND HEALING YIFAN WANG

In my eyes, the entire landscape of the Earth resembles a reclining giant, with the landscape itself being the body of this giant. The narratives about the origin of the world in various cultures are strikingly similar. In ancient Chinese mythology, the death of the giant Pangu gave birth to nature: his blood became winding rivers, his sweat transformed into lakes, his hair grew into grasslands and forests, his bones ascended into rugged mountains, his left eye became the sun, his right eye turned into the moon, the tears in his eyes scattered into the stars, his breath turned into wind and fog, and his voice became thunder. Similarly, in the distant Norse mythology, there is also a giant named Ymir, whose body transformed into the various layers of the world: his flesh turned into the earth, his blood into the seas, his hair into vegetation, his skull propped up the sky, and his brain turned into clouds.

These myths, spanning from the West to the East and from ancient times to the present, have inspired people living on Earth to imagine the creation of the world with remarkable consistency. Viewing the landscape as a body is a profound act of imagination that transcends human senses. When we gaze at the mountains and rivers, it feels as if we are sharing the same view as our ancestors did millions of years ago, experiencing a connection that transcends time and space.

We should understand and perceive the landscape in the same way we read our own bodies, protecting the Earth as gently as we care for our skin and cherishing every bit of greenery as we would treasure our own hair. As a future landscape architect, I aspire to soothe the Earth’s wounds and sorrows gently, like a healer, using delicate methods to restore its health and vitality.

Above: The world and the five elements (Yifan Wang), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 1, 2023-2024.

Opposite: Dance on the lava field (Yifan Wang), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 1, 2023-2024.

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Nature is a vast living organism, encompassing countless systems. Every water body, woodland, and wilderness acts like organs and tissues within a body, each with its own distinct functions and characteristics. Under the governance of the entire natural system, these elements work together to maintain equilibrium.

Opposite: Fjord of driftwood (Yifan Wang), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, 2023-2024.

Below: Waterfront harmony (Yifan Wang), Course: Landscape Architecture Design:Terrain & Ecologies 2022.

LANDSCAPE AS BODY | YIFAN WANG

Each component plays a unique and crucial role, contributing to the intricate and complex balance of the natural world, much like a complete human body.

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Opposite: Hand drawing from Iceland field trip (Yifan Wang), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 1, 2023-2024.

Below: Lava field landscape acupuncture (Yifan Wang), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 1, 2023-2024.

LANDSCAPE AS BODY | YIFAN WANG

Landscape space can also reach a philosophical dimension that transcends time and life and death. Iceland’s unique natural environment, shaped by glaciers and volcanoes, gave birth to the splendid Nordic mythology. When we face real scenery, think about myths, and feel the content conveyed by myths, the inner landscape of the body is unified with the outer landscape, providing individuals with a profound sense of existence that transcends time and space.

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EXPLORE THE TRACES OF THE VOLCANO REBIRTH OF A FOREST TOWN IN ICELAND WANQING YANG

Iceland is a lonely and fragile land whose landscape is characterized by a combination of volcanoes and glaciers. The frequent movements of the volcano have shaped the site and given it a unique landscape, and the map on the right analyses the traces of human coexistence with the volcano. Lava, ash, and sediments from subglacial eruptions have influenced the nature of Icelandic soils and shaped the landscape. According to the mapping, vegetation was distributed around rivers, human settlements were in the southern riparian zone, and the river systems formed by glacial meltwater shaped the plains and made them a habitat for life.

People built farms, houses, roads, and other infrastructure, and developed unique natural features such as tundra, lava fields, canyons, waterfalls, and glaciers into scenic landscapes.

With climate change, accelerated melting of glaciers, the threat of flooding in riparian areas, and logging by early settlers destroying Iceland’s primeval forests, exacerbating erosion and desertification, and with dust storms commonplace, people began to reflect on the fact that transitional exploitation of natural resources had disrupted the original balance, and attempted to restore the local ecology using landscapes. The restoration of the forest became one of the most important topics for Icelanders, so I envisioned the town of Kirkjubæjarklaustur as a unique forest town in Iceland.

Above: Volcanic Eruption Scenario (Wanqing Yang), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 1, Quiet Places Studio, 2023.

Opposite: Expedition Mapping (Wanqing Yang), Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 1, Quiet Places Studio, 2023.

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The atmosphere shaped by the forest brings people to establish an emotional connection with the forest. For the planting and maintenance of the forest system, I planted trees of different ages along the walking route of people, so that people can understand the process of afforestation, appreciate the hard work involved, and get to know the composition of the forest system.

Along the route, people can see how the seedlings are maintained, feel the enclosing space shaped by the mature tall trees, and observe how the withered trunks form the ecology of the decayed wood so that they can understand the life span of a tree.

Opposite: Forrest Experience Journey (Wanqing Yang), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, Quiet Places Studio, 2024.

Below: Forrest Town Scenario (Wanqing Yang), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, Quiet Places Studio, 2024.

EXPLORE THE TRACES OF THE VOLCANO | WANQING YANG

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Opposite: Planting Plan (Wanqing Yang), Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, Quiet Places Studio, 2024.

Below: Forest Ecosystem (Wanqing Yang), Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, Quiet Places Studio, 2024.

EXPLORE THE TRACES OF THE VOLCANO | WANQING YANG

Based on the vision of a forest town, I chose to reuse originally abandoned wasteland for reforestation. I chose to adopt the Miyawaki method of reforestation, which is rooted in the principle of natural regeneration, utilizing native trees, reflecting the regeneration process of natural forests, and fostering a diverse, multi-layered forest ecosystem. Through this method, tree growth is accelerated by a factor of ten, which facilitates the establishment of resilient forest communities within 20-30 years, with a high survival rate and environmental adaptability. Healthy forest systems can respond effectively to climate change.

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HEART OF RIVER

MEMORIAL LANDSCAPE DESIGN OF EAST SKAFTÁ RIVER YAWEN YANG

Iceland’s unstable liquidity has inspired me. Instability does not necessarily mean complete wildness and uncontrollability. Mastering the flowing elements can enable landscape designers to intervene and shape the landscape, thereby alleviating the tension between humans and nature.

The farmland near the East Skaftá River is expanding towards the sedimentary plainn and gradually touching the floodplain. Due to global warming and climate crisis, the melting rate of glaciers is accelerating, and glacier floods that may occur at any time can cause losses to local people. They have built levees at the front of farmland to change water flow, but this has led to widespread water scarcity and ecological imbalances downstream. Therefore, the project proposes a speculative approach to learn from the formation and evolution of braided rivers and use it to alleviate and improve flood problems, while restoring natural flow of downstream river branches.

Above: The Flows in Flow (Yawen Yang), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, 2024.

Aggregation of flow elements in sedimentary plains.

Opposite: Entanglement and reshaping (Yawen Yang), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, 2024. Landscape proposal rendering: entanglement of sediment.

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Above: Witnesses of the Flowing I (Yawen Yang), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, 2024. Glacier floods carry sediments.

Below: Witnesses of the Flowing II (Yawen Yang), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, 2024. People need a space to witness the changes in sedimentary plains.

Above: Witnesses of the Flowing III (Yawen Yang), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, 2024. Observatory completed.

Below: Witnesses of the Flowing IV (Yawen Yang), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, 2024. Landscape changes during floods.

HEART OF RIVER | YAWEN YANG

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Top: Sedimentary Plain Scenarios I (Yawen Yang), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, 2024. Levee’s negative intervention in the landscape.

Middle: Sedimentary Plain Scenarios II (Yawen Yang), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, 2024. The impact after the removal of Levee.

Bottom: Sedimentary Plain Scenarios II (Yawen Yang), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, 2024. New sedimentary plains replace levee.

HEART OF RIVER | YAWEN YANG

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Top: Into the sediments. (Yawen Yang), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, 2024. Form composite bars.

Bottom: Return to the sediments. (Yawen Yang), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, 2024. Become a monument.

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TIDE’S EMBRACE A SYMPHONY OF INTERTIDAL ARTISTRY YIZHI ZHANG

The intertidal zone is a mysterious world, like music played silently under the water, and I hope to set a stage for it through design. ..........

While re-exploring the site characteristics of Arran Island through watercolor, I was attracted by the rich ecology of the intertidal zone, which led to further design research. Due to the nofishing policy on Arran Island and the establishment of a biological reserve, a rich intertidal ecosystem has been developed here. I was fascinated by the rich exploration of small dynamic system changes and large-scale intertidal regional changes in the intertidal zone. Unfortunately these changes usually occur underwater, and in intertidal rocky areas. It is difficult to be observed by people, so I am eager to set up a stage for it through design so that people can enter the intertidal zone and explore the stories behind the intertidal zone. At the same time, King’s Cave, as an important historical and cultural area, has significant development potential.

Combining the intertidal zone observation point with local art and culture, the design proposes a comprehensive observation area that brings together natural ecology and cultural diversity.

Above + Opposite: Intertidal time frame - renderings (Yizhi Zhang), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, 2023-24.

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The water level changes in the intertidal zone are dynamic. Imagine that the ocean is a transparent box, and the water waves inside are constantly driven by climate, temperature and other elements.So when designing, I thought the other way around, putting people in transparent boxes to explore the ecological space of the intertidal zone, and explore the unique landscape experience brought about by time in the intertidal zone.

Opposite: Tidal pool plan (Yizhi Zhang),Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, 2023-24.

Below: General plan (Yizhi Zhang),Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, 2023-24.

YIZHI ZHANG | TIDE’S EMBRACE

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Arran Island has a long history of art and culture as well as many private art studios on the island. So I wanted to design this place into wonderful little artistic moments, like a treasure hunt in the grass. Provide a place for artistic exchange and appreciation of art.

Opposite: Rest space renderings (Yizhi Zhang),Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, 2023-24.

Below: Outdoor exhibition space renderings (Yizhi Zhang),Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, 2023-24.

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MAGNIFICENT DESOLATION

AN EXPLORATION ON THE AEOLIAN DESERT LANDSCAPE OF MÝRDALSSANDUR, ICELAND ZHAOYUAN ZHANG

The aeolian desert landscape in Iceland is sculpted by the interplay of volcanic activity and glacial processes, resulting in a striking expanse of black sands adorned with patches of green moss. This stark scenery, reminiscent of the lunar landscape encountered by Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin, evokes a sense of “magnificent desolation.”

Following human settlement in Iceland and the monumental eruption of the Katla volcano, the sediment transported by glacial floods has shaped the Mýrdalsjökull Desert, a landscape in continuous flux. This dynamism is evident in the evolving leymus dunes, gradually hosting a succession of vegetation including burier-tolerant Leymus arenarius and Salix lanata. These plants play a critical role in desert biodiversity conservation by trapping aeolian sediment within their foliage.Each dune represents a distinct, self-contained ecosystem that stabilizes active dust, captures wind-dispersed seeds, and enhances overall dune ecosystem diversity.

Due to overgrazing, logging, and unsustainable human activities following settlement, the ecosystem in Iceland faced serious threats, leading to rapid land degradation and the disappearance of forested areas. To combat this degradation, Iceland introduced an alien species, the Alaskan lupine, in recent decades to improve desert soils. However, the unintended consequences have been significant. While the lupine has indeed played a substantial role in soil improvement, its unchecked growth and rapid spread in the desert environment have resulted in it overtaking vast areas of the landscape.

Above: Glacial aeolian desert (Zhaoyuan Zhang), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, Mla, 2022. A photograph showcases the atmosphere of the icelandic aeolian desert.

Opposite: Image title/caption (Zhaoyuan Zhang), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, MLA, 2022. A section and a perspective illustrate the future vision of the dune geopark in aolian desert.

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Opposite: Cinematic narrative of the aeolian desert landscape(Zhaoyuan Zhang), Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 1, 2022. A series of cinematic images depicts interventions in aeolian desert landscape.

Below: The threshold between Lupine and desert. (Zhaoyuan Zhang), Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2, 2022. The dynamic interaction between sand and boundaries of Lupine.

LANDSCAPE INTERVENTIONS | ZHAOYUAN ZHANG

This project aims to refocus attention on Iceland’s unique black desert, which has long been a sought-after location for renowned film directors and photographers. As an outsider, the overgrowth of lupins not only threatens the native ecosystem but also obscures the timeless beauty of the desert landscape. Therefore, the strategy involves controlling lupin growth and fostering the development of the indigenous dune ecosystem, striving for a balanced coexistence between the two.

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1

Sand accumulation

2

Dome Dunes

5

Sand accumulation

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Barchans

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Sand accumulation

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Star Dunes

3

Parallel Wind

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Longitudnal Dunes

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Vertical Wind

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Transverse Dunes

Dune Types: (Zhaoyuan Zhang), Landscape Architecture Design Exploration: Part 2 + Mla, 2022. An image matrix showcases the speculations on how to form different types of aeolian sand dunes.

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Vegetation Succession

DUNE TYPES SIMULATION AND PREDICTION | ZHAOYUAN ZHANG

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DESIGN WITH NATURE NOW

REFLECTIONS ON DESIGN WITH NATURE IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CRISIS JIAJUN (KENNYS) ZOU

In today’s world, faced with climate crisis, habitat fragmentation, and land transformation in the Anthropocene era. As a landscape designer who constantly considers the principle of integrating design with nature, my vision is to create resilient, sustainable landscapes that respect both nature and culture. This shows a need to be explicit about exactly what is meant by the phrase ‘design with nature now’ for me: I believe that designing with nature not only emphasizes the use of software for rational technical analysis but also highlights the consideration of inclusivity, landscape justice, and cultural relevance in design practices. Ultimately, integrating with nature means aligning with natural processes. This approach highlights nature as an interconnected system, where human societies are part of it, and emphasizes the importance of achieving a balance and optimal states in systems. It shows that we must also work towards addressing the complexity of human needs, values and inequalities in designing for nature. Contemporary landscape practice is full of the grotesques of analyticism and positivism, and the data analysis and the deconstruction of physical properties of the landscape seem to fall into a paradigm of mechanical materialism. So how do we look at the contemporary landscape from a new perspective?

Above: Flood simulation/simulating flood dynamics using HEC-RAS with rainfall, river Flow, and topographical Data (Kennys), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration Part 2 + Critical Zones, 2024.

Opposite: Pilot project plan/connecting fragmented habitats with corridors analyzed via software (Kennys), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Terrain & Ecologies + Unit 1, 2023.

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I think that true creative action is about elevating the material state to a higher level of organized form, achieved through positive construction rather than mere destruction. Such a perspective underscores the proactive role of technology in landscape design, not merely as a tool, but as a guiding force for adopting a more holistic, eco-friendly, diversity-based, interconnected, and dynamically changing design mindset.It calls for our technological applications to pursue not just expansion in scale but a shift towards values that protect the environment, enhance quality, and foster cooperation and equitable coexistence.

Opposite: Flood-resilience park/the park will transform into a lochan to store water when flood occurs (Kennys), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration Part 2 + Critical Zones, 2024.

Below: Long secton/the 4 section show the three strategies of the flood control plan (Kennys), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration Part 2 + Critical Zones, 2024.

DESIGN WITH NATURE NOW | JIAJUN (KENNYS) ZOU

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Top: Highland Boundary Fault (HBF) section exhibits the geological structure of the HBF and the changes from the Caledonian orogeny (Kennys), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration Part 1 + Critical Zones, 2023.

Middle: Strategic plan evolution/the change in the impact of the strategy over the next 60 years (Kennys), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration Part 1 + Critical Zones, 2023.

Bottom: Spatial framework/to mitigate the impact of flooding, apply the strategies of remove, retain, and repair (Kennys), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration Part 1 + Critical Zones, 2023.

DESIGN WITH NATURE NOW | JIAJUN (KENNYS) ZOU

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Above: Brechin physical model/flooding in Brechin has inundated residential areas downstream of the town (Kennys), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration Part 2 + Critical Zones, 2024.

Below: Sub-catchment plan/connecting fragmented habitats through corridors to form a green network system (Kennys), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Terrain & Ecologies + Unit1, 2023.

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EMILA INDEX 224 BABS BRAND 230 VICTOIRE RAMBOSSON 236 RAIDUN SCHOTT

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THE SILENT IMPORTANCE OF MOSS MOSS AS A SPONGE BABS BRAND

Increase the water storage capacity of the landscape by creating opportunities for moss and other water habitats.

As we look ahead to Scotland’s future, a big problem is on the horizon: more and more floods are expected. The River Tay, which already drains a lot of Scotland, can’t handle the increasing amount of water that will come in the future. However, the idea of using moss like a sponge could be a helpful solution. Moss may be able to store the extra water, potentially reducing the impact of future floods.

My design, is a strategy that involves creating ideal environments for mosses, enabling them to act as natural water absorbers for flood prevention.

This strategy can be applied in various areas of Scotland where there is a potential risk of flooding.

Implementing this approach will contribute to a more promising future for flood management in Scotland.

My design establishes an area featuring a diverse array of mosses, forming Mossaasmosaic a sponge that allows people to immerse themselves in and gain knowledge about the hidden world of these fascinating plants.

Above: Moss as a sponge (Babs Brand), Landscape Architecture Design Exploration, Course: Critical Zones, 2023-2024. Conecept drawing.

Opposite: Beauty of Moss (Babs Brand), Landscape Architecture Design Exploration, Course: Critical Zones, 20232024. Utilizing a collage of microscope research lab images depicting various moss species to showcase their absorptive qualities.

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Life Cycle

Moss

Benefits

Perfect Environment

The design unfolds in stages, starting with landscaping to increase water capacity, followed by the creation of initial habitats through shallow water excavations in historical river arm areas, planting the first mosses to initiate gradual growth, and observing the reappearance of islands surrounded by water from historical maps as the river naturally expands. Over time, these habitats evolve into a captivating mosaic of mosses, encouraging exploration and appreciation of their hidden world. Monthly test locations engage farmers and the public in habitat creation, fostering connection and understanding of mosses’ beauty and importance in our landscape, particularly thriving in cooler rainforests with shorter, open canopies.

Opposite: Nested scales life cycle (Babs Brand), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration, Critical Zones, 2023-2024.

Below: Moss habitats (Babs Brand), Course: Landscape Architecture Design Exploration, Critical Zones, 20232024. Six distinct habitats where mosses thrive optimally.

THE SILENT IMPORTANCE OF MOSS | BABS BRAND

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100 m

500 m

1000 m

Tropical claud forest

Rocks

Wetland

lowland grassland

Neglected grassland

River Tay

Grassland

Woodland

Community House

Test locations

Bridge

Sediment Deposition

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100 m

500 m

1000 m

Top: Current situation (Babs Brand), Landscape Architecture Design Exploration, Course: Critical Zones, 2023-2024. Within the dynamic landscape of this area, the former river arm stands out, which has left a trail of change and human intervention over the years. However, the canalization of the river has reduced its water capacity amidst vast farm landscapes. Nevertheless, the current diversity of typology offers the opportunity to further increase it.

Bottom: Phase 4 (Babs Brand), Landscape Architecture Design Exploration, Course: Critical Zones, 2023-2024. The various moss habitats are growing towards each other and beginning to mix. Enclosures become increasingly visible, and mosses are appreciated for their beauty, quality and ecological value. The landscape transforms into a thriving moss oasis, where humans and nature come together harmoniously in a beautiful display of biodiversity and natural cooperation.

THE SILENT IMPORTANCE OF MOSS | BABS BRAND

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Polytrichum commune Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus Hypnum cupressiforme Plagiochila terebrans

Homalothecium lutescens, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Calliergonella cuspidata, Brachythecium glareosum Campylium chrysophyllus Flexitrichum gracile

Oxyrrhynchium hians Brachythecium rutabulum Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus Lophocolea bidentata Fissidens taxifolius

Sphagnum capillifolium Polytrichum commune Hylocomium splendens Rhytidiadelphus loreus Dicranum scoparium fontinalis antipyretica

Rhizomnium punctatum Bryum argenteum (Zilvermos) Polytrichum commune Racomitrium aciculare Grimmia pulvinata Atrichum undulatum

Tropical claud forest

Rocks

Wetland

lowland grassland

Neglected grassland

River Tay

Water capacity

Sediment deposition

Excavated boulder

Peat

Mosses

Carbon storage

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5m

Top: Rock Land, Test Location (Babs Brand), Landscape Architecture Design Exploration, Course: Critical Zones, 2023-2024.

Bottom: Catchment: (Babs Brand), Landscape Architecture Design Exploration, Course: Critical Zones, 2023-2024.

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A LANDSCAPE IN TIME QUIET PLACES STUDIO VICTOIRE RAMBOSSON

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This project is focused around the idea that a landscape is a process and continues to be a process. Not only is a landscape an ever changing process but my approach to this project is thinking while making which is ever-changing. The Title of this project is - A Print in Time which relates to the saying ‘A Moment in Time’’ as this landscape will never be the same again - and my role as a botanist on an expedition is to show this landscape in this moment.

Quiet Places are varied and can be found all over the world.

They can be defined as mostly uninhabited by humans, often inaccessible, inhospitable, distant and fragile, though entangled in large Earthly systems, be it hydrological or climatological.

" " Above: A Print in Time (Victoire Rambosson), Course: EMiLA Quiet Places Studio, 2024.

Opposite: A Plan in Time (Victoire Rambosson), Course: EMiLA Quiet Places Studio, 2024.

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Key Land Uses:

Glacier

Key Geological Deposits:

Freshwater

Jokulsarlon Bare Rock glacial lagoon

Sparsely vegetated areas

Moors & heatland

Black beach

Sea

Glacial deposits (till & morraines dating from LIA or younger)

Glaciofluvial deposits (proglacial outwash, sandur, ancient river bed)

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The aim of this expedition is to monitor the health of the ocean and the everchanging landscape that is Jokulsarlon as it will never be the same and this will affect the ocean wildlife. The chapter 1 & 2 was called ‘A landscape in Time’, a ‘Print in Time’ and this theme will be continued through the expedition with an archive (herbarium, art expo, scientifically findings) created after each expedition, that will take place in 10 year intervals, and analyse this change.

Monitoring the health of the ocean to understand this site will allow future generations of landscape architects to design this area in order for seals and marine life to thrive despite climate change and share these findings to locals as well as wider public with an exhibition in Edinburgh.

Opposite: Interventions in Time (Victoire Rambosson), Course: EMiLA Quiet Places Studio, 2024.

Above: A Journey in Time (Victoire Rambosson), Course: EMiLA Quiet Places Studio, 2024.

Below: A Team in Time (Victoire Rambosson), Course: EMiLA Quiet Places Studio, 2024.

A LANDSCAPE IN TIME | VICTOIRE RAMBOSSON

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Top: A Platform through Time (Victoire Rambosson), Course: EMiLA Quiet Places Studio, 2024.

A LANDSCAPE IN TIME | VICTOIRE RAMBOSSON

After having done extensive research and having a purpose for this expedition it was essential to find a way to achieve this on site. This will primarily be achieved through a created platform that will move in the water using either wind or hand power (no motor) and be big enough for each team to use and do their research or printmaking. This platform will be a floating lab for the water team but also be an ‘artificial iceberg’ left on site until the next expedition to see how seals react or use it. This will allow for experimental icebergs and future solutions when ice will be melted and it will be different every 10years and allow for technological advancement. This platform will be a mini labatory for the team and allow them to undertake the expedition even on the lagoon itself. Once the team have finished their expedition they dismantle the platform and just leave the base in Jokulsarlon to see how Simon and his family react to it.

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SEWN STORIES, WOVEN COMMUNITIES TAILORING THE LOOM OF THE STORYTELLER’S LANDSCAPE RAIDUN SCHOTT

In Scotland lies a rich tapestry woven with the threads of folklore, myths and spiritual narratives, intertwined with the historical and cultural heritage of the land. These stories, handed down through generations, hold great significance for the diverse traveler communities across scotland. They are the threads that connect humans with nature, born out of a desire to understand and describe the events and realtionships that shape our world The landscapes of Scotland have long been the loom upon which these stories are woven, each tale a pattern in the design of the nation’s identity. Yet, storytelling is not simply a conservation of the past; it is a living, breathing force that brings people together, stitching a collective identity and fostering hospitality within communities. In recent times, however, the art of storytelling seems to have lost its collective essence. Recognizing this loss, this project aims to revive the collective spirit of storytelling, providing a space for communities to gather, share and craft their narratives. This initiative seeks not to dictate or mimic stories but to offer a platform - a loom upon which the community can choose the threads of their tales.

SPIRITUAL PLACES Beyond what meets the eye when first glancing upon a landscape, lies a realm of intricate systems, teeming with life, energy, and perpetual evolution.

But landscape is also an emotion, a narrative, a personal mental canvas. The section in front of you shows this ungraspable side of the Highland Boundary Fault. It shows the spirituality and folklore that intertwine with the physical and create the mental image of the landscape. From human-made spiritual spaces to ancient stories and tales that seek to decipher the river’s mystical meanderings.

Above: THE LOOM OF THE LANDSCAPE (Raidun Schott), Critical Places + EMILA, 2024. SCREEN PRINTING AND EMBROIDERY ON COTTON. The team weaving together the project.

Opposite: SPIRITUAL PLACES (Raidun Schott), Critical Places + EMILA, 2024. ACTIVATED CHARCOAL AND EMBROIDERY ON COTTON

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During the fieldwork, the focussing was on how natural elements have inspired stories and storytelling. In this piece, six examples can be seen. The fabric layer shows the landscape patterns, feelings, and materials. The video’s projected show the element out of the landscape that has inspired the story. and the stories it inspired are coming out of the piece; out of the landscape. This piece shows how the landscape has fabricated the stories.

1: FAIRY RING (Raidun Schott), Critical Places + EMILA, 2024). Making process of the exursion research.

2: THE COAST (Raidun Schott), Critical Places + EMILA, 2024. Making process of the exursion research.

3: FABRICATING THE STORYTELLER’S LANDSCAPE (Raidun Schott), Critical Places + EMILA, 2024. NATURAL PIGMENTS (MADE OUT OF ROCK, LICHEN, TREE BARK, AND SOIL) ON COTTON. This piece shows how the landscape has fabricated stories.

4: NATURAL ELEMENTS (Raidun Schott), Critical Places + EMILA, 2024. Four of the concepts behind the piece that show the natural elements that inspired stories.

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Below: SEWN STORIES, WOVEN COMMUNITIES (Raidun Schott), Critical Places + EMILA, 2024. ACTIVATED CHARCOAL, EMBROIDERY, SCREEN PRINTING, ROCK PIGMENTS, AND INK ON COTTON (190x175cm). End piece showing the strategie and first conceptual designs for each stop.

SEWN STORIES, WOVEN COMMUNITIES | RAIDUN SCHOTT

The strategy of this project will take the form of a traveling design, a boulder as a symbolic nomad passing through six sites along the boundary fault line.

These sites are strategically chosen in socially deprived neighbourhoods.

In these areas, where acces to quality green spaces is limited, and bare grounds or asfalt fields are left untouched, the project aims to enhance both the social and natural aspects of these communities. A diverse team will weave togehter this initiative, each member contributing a unique element to the metaphorical sewing box. The box, a container of ideas and possibilities, will journey along the fault line, with a specialist taking the lead in each stop.

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At each stop, a ceremony day will take place, marking the boulder’s presence. A piece of the boulder will be cut off and the community will be invited to contribute their own stones as well. This way there will be a collective element linking the six sites, and a personal connection for the local community. Food, a universal connector, will be shared, and a unique element, tailored to each site, will unfold under the guidance of the lead specialist. This traveling and ceremonial aspect will etch the sites into the collective mental map, but after the initial event also leaving behind something more than just a fleeting impression. It will establish a space of green assembly in each of the six neighborhoods, where people can gather, share stories and perhaps even weave new narratives into the rich tapestry of Scotland’s cultural heritage.

Below: THE CEREMONY DAY (Raidun Schott), Critical Zones, EMILA, 2024. The steps from before the ceremony day, preparing the celebrations, the ceremony day, and after.

SEWN STORIES, WOVEN COMMUNITIES | RAIDUN SCHOTT

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS PROGRAMME DIRECTORS Anaïs Chanon, Lecturer and MLA Programme Director Kenny Fraser, Lecturer and MA Programme Director Lisa Mackenzie, Senior Lecturer and EMiLA Programme Director CRITICAL ZONES: THE HIGHLAND BOUNDARY FAULT Anna Rhodes with Anna Reid and Sophie Tombleson.

QUIET PLACES: VATNAJÖKULL GLACIER Norman Villeroux and Lisa Mackenzie.

ECOLOGIST John Darbyshire GEOMORPHOLOGIST Nikolaos Kourampas ADDITIONAL DESIGN SUPPORT Chris Gray GRADUATE SHOW CURATION AND INSTALLATION TEAM Anna Rhodes, Lisa Mackenzie, Milja Tuomivaara, Elise Campbell, Norman Villeroux and Anna Reid.

Finally, A special thank you to all the ECA support staff and to the fantastic team of ECA Technicians.

CATALOGUE DESIGN AND GRAPHICS Tom Sterling Printed by J Thomson Colour Printers Ltd. Cover image by Tom Sterling.

ESALA Landscape Architecture Catalogue | MA(Hons) + MLA + EMiLA www.eca.ed.ac.uk/edinburgh-school-architecture-and-landscape-architecture-esala ISBN 978-1-912669-79-0